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[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 5519 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>

118th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 5519

  To require the Secretary of Defense to enhance the readiness of the 
 Department of Defense to challenges relating to climate change and to 
 improve the energy and resource efficiency of the Department, and for 
                            other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           December 12, 2024

 Ms. Warren (for herself, Mr. Whitehouse, and Mr. Merkley) introduced 
the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee 
                           on Armed Services

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
  To require the Secretary of Defense to enhance the readiness of the 
 Department of Defense to challenges relating to climate change and to 
 improve the energy and resource efficiency of the Department, and for 
                            other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Department of Defense Climate 
Resilience and Readiness Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Climate change.--The term ``climate change'' means a 
        change of climate that is--
                    (A) attributed directly or indirectly to human 
                activity that alters the composition of the global 
                atmosphere; and
                    (B) in addition to natural climate variability 
                observed over comparable time periods.
            (2) Congressional defense committees.--The term 
        ``congressional defense committees'' has the meaning given that 
        term in section 101(a)(16) of title 10, United States Code.
            (3) Green manufacturing technology.--The term ``green 
        manufacturing technology'' means manufacturing processes that--
                    (A) use low carbon intensity materials;
                    (B) reduce carbon emissions or have low global 
                warming potential during the production of the material 
                or product; and
                    (C) use renewable energy resources in producing the 
                material or product.
            (4) Net zero energy.--The term ``net zero energy'' means a 
        reduction by an entity in overall energy use, maximization of 
        energy efficiency, and implementation and use of energy 
        recovery and cogeneration capabilities, and an offset of the 
        remaining demand for energy with production of energy from 
        onsite renewable energy sources, such that as much energy is 
        produced by the entity as the entity uses over the course of a 
        year.
            (5) Resilience.--The term ``resilience'' has the meaning 
        given the term ``energy and climate resiliency'' in section 
        2864(f)(3) of title 10, United States Code.
            (6) Non-operational sources.--The term ``non-operational 
        sources''--
                    (A) means fixed installations, enduring locations, 
                and non-tactical vehicles of the Department of Defense; 
                and
                    (B) does not include sources in connection with the 
                training, moving, and sustaining of the Armed Forces 
                and weapons platforms for military operations and 
                training, including tactical power systems and 
                generators at non-enduring locations of the Department 
                of Defense.
            (7) Renewable energy source.--The term ``renewable energy 
        source'' has the meaning given that term in section 2924(6) of 
        title 10, United States Code.
            (8) United states.--The term ``United States'' means the 
        several States, the District of Columbia, and any territory or 
        possession of the United States.

SEC. 3. NET ZERO ENERGY BY NON-OPERATIONAL SOURCES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF 
              DEFENSE.

    (a) In General.--The Department of Defense shall achieve aggregate 
net zero energy across the Department in use of energy by non-
operational sources by not later than December 31, 2034.
    (b) Strategy.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall 
        submit to Congress a report setting forth the strategy of the 
        Department of Defense to achieve the requirement under 
        subsection (a).
            (2) Elements.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall 
        set forth the following:
                    (A) The strategy of the Department of Defense to 
                achieve the requirement under subsection (a) for all 
                installations under the jurisdiction of the Department 
                (other than the military departments).
                    (B) The strategy of each military department to 
                achieve the requirement under subsection (a) for all 
                installations under the jurisdiction of such 
                department.
                    (C) An assessment of the manner in which the 
                achievement by the Department of Defense of the 
                requirement under subsection (a) will enhance the 
                readiness of the Armed Forces to address threats posed 
                by Russia, China, Iran, North Korea, and violent 
                extremism.
            (3) Biennial update.--Not later than two years after the 
        submittal of the report required by paragraph (1), and every 
        two years thereafter through December 31, 2034, the Secretary 
        shall submit to Congress a report setting forth the following:
                    (A) A current assessment of the progress of the 
                Department of Defense in implementing the strategy 
                described in paragraph (1), set forth by military 
                department, Defense Agency, and other component or 
                element of the Department.
                    (B) Any updates to the strategy.
            (4) Consultation.--The Secretary shall consult with the 
        National Academy of Sciences and a federally funded research 
        and development center in developing the report required by 
        paragraph (1) and any update to that report under paragraph 
        (3).
    (c) Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Defense may waive the 
        requirement in subsection (a) if the Secretary--
                    (A) determines that achievement of such requirement 
                would adversely affect operational safety, force 
                protection, or the national security interests of the 
                United States; and
                    (B) submits to the congressional defense committees 
                a written notification of the waiver, together with a 
                justification for the waiver.
            (2) Period.--The period of any waiver under paragraph (1) 
        may not exceed 30 days.
            (3) Renewal.--Any waiver under this subsection may be 
        renewed one or more times, in the manner provided for the 
        initial such waiver under paragraph (1) and for the period 
        provided for in paragraph (2).

SEC. 4. INCLUSION IN ANNUAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND RESILIENCE REPORT OF 
              DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE OF LIST OF MILITARY INSTALLATIONS 
              THAT EMIT THE MOST CARBON AND ESTIMATE OF ENERGY 
              CONSUMPTION BY DEPARTMENT.

    (a) In General.--For every fiscal year beginning after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall include in 
the Annual Energy Management and Resilience Report for that fiscal 
year--
            (1) a list of the ten installations within each military 
        department that emit the most carbon;
            (2) an estimate of all energy consumption by the Department 
        of Defense, including greenhouse gas emissions; and
            (3) an assessment of greenhouse gas emissions at all 
        installations of the Department, disaggregated by operational 
        and non-operational sources.
    (b) Metrics.--In determining energy consumption and greenhouse gas 
emissions under paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (a), the Secretary 
shall use metrics established by the Under Secretary of Defense for 
Acquisition and Sustainment, in consultation with the National Academy 
of Sciences and a federally funded research and development center.

SEC. 5. CLIMATE-CONSCIOUS CONTRACTING OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 873 of title 10, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 8756. Requirements relating to energy consumption and climate 
              change
    ``(a) Projected Energy Consumption.--Each Department of Defense 
contract for the procurement of property or services entered into on or 
after October 1, 2025, shall include a written estimate by the 
Department of the total projected energy consumption of all work to be 
performed under the contract, and a statement of whether the contract 
will include investments by the contractor or the Department in 
renewable energy or energy-efficient sources.
    ``(b) Policy on Consideration of Certain Factors in Determinations 
To Award Contracts.--In making any determination to enter into a 
contract described in subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall 
take into account--
            ``(1) whether the contractor verifiably produces as much 
        renewable energy as the total energy it consumes; and
            ``(2) whether there is any order against the contractor by 
        the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Justice, 
        or a State attorney general to pay a fine or take remedial 
        action for a violation of an environmental law or regulation of 
        the United States.
    ``(c) Disclosure of Climate-Related Risks.--Each prospective 
contractor with the Department of Defense shall, as a prerequisite of 
bidding for a contract with the Department, submit a detailed statement 
to the Department that includes information regarding--
            ``(1) the identification of, the evaluation of potential 
        financial impacts of, and any risk-management strategies 
        relating to--
                    ``(A) physical risks posed to the contractor by 
                climate change; and
                    ``(B) transition risks posed to the contractor by 
                climate change;
            ``(2) a description of any established corporate governance 
        processes and structures to identify, assess, and manage 
        climate-related risks; and
            ``(3) an inventory of annual Scopes 1, 2, and 3 greenhouse 
        gas emissions.
    ``(d) Assessment of Fees To Combat Climate Change.--(1) Each 
Department of Defense contract for the procurement of property or 
services entered into on or after October 1, 2025, shall include a 
requirement that the contractor pay to the Department of Defense a fee 
equal to one percent of the value of the contract in the case of a 
contractor that is not, at the time of the Department's solicitation of 
the contract, verifiably producing as much renewable energy as the 
total energy it consumes.
    ``(2) Any contractor required to pay a fee under paragraph (1) with 
respect to a contract may not offset the cost of such fee by increasing 
the amount of the proposal for such contract.
    ``(e) Waiver.--(1) The Secretary of Defense may waive the 
requirements in subsections (a) and (b) if the Secretary--
            ``(A)(i) determines that such requirements would adversely 
        affect operational safety, force protection, or the national 
        security interests of the United States; or
            ``(ii) with respect to particular property or services, 
        determines that--
                    ``(I) market conditions for the property or 
                services have adversely affected (or will in the near 
                future adversely affect) the acquisition of the 
                property or services by the Department of Defense; and
                    ``(II) the waiver will expedite or facilitate the 
                acquisition of the property or services; and
            ``(B) submits to the congressional defense committees a 
        written notification of the waiver, together with a 
        justification for the waiver.
    ``(2) The period of any waiver under paragraph (1) may not exceed 
30 days.
    ``(3) Any waiver under this subsection may be renewed one or more 
times, in the manner provided for the initial such waiver under 
paragraph (1) and for the period provided for in paragraph (2).''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of 
chapter 873 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
after the item relating to section 8755 the following new item:

``8756. Requirements relating to energy consumption and climate 
                            change.''.
    (c) Energy and Climate Resilience Fund.--
            (1) In general.--There is established in the Treasury of 
        the United States a fund, to be known as the ``Energy and 
        Climate Resilience Fund'' (in this subsection referred to as 
        the ``Fund''), to be administered by the Secretary of Defense.
            (2) Use of amounts.--Amounts deposited in the Fund shall be 
        used only for climate-related improvements that contribute to 
        the continued operational viability and the resilience of the 
        networks, systems, installations, facilities, and other assets 
        and capabilities of the Department of Defense.
            (3) Deposit and availability of amounts.--Notwithstanding 
        section 3302 of title 31, United States Code, fees collected 
        under section 8756(d) of title 10, United States Code, as added 
        by subsection (a)--
                    (A) shall be deposited into the Fund to carry out 
                the activities described in paragraph (2);
                    (B) to the extent and in the amounts provided in 
                advance in appropriations Acts, shall be available to 
                the Secretary of Defense; and
                    (C) shall remain available until expended.
            (4) Climate-related improvements defined.--In this 
        subsection, the term ``climate-related improvements'' means 
        efforts by the Department of Defense to prepare for, or 
        mitigate the effects of, the following:
                    (A) Extreme weather.
                    (B) Rising sea tides and sea levels.
                    (C) Increased flooding.
                    (D) Drought.
                    (E) Desertification.
                    (F) Wildfires.
                    (G) Thawing permafrost.
                    (H) Such other conditions as the Secretary 
                determines necessary.
    (d) Contracting Preference for Green Manufacturing Technology.--
            (1) Contracts for green manufacturing technology.--With 
        respect to contracts awarded by the Department of Defense, the 
        Department shall give a preference to qualified contractors.
            (2) Policy on consideration of certain factors in 
        determinations to award contracts.--In making any determination 
        to enter into a contract described in paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary of Defense shall take into account--
                    (A) whether the qualified contractor verifiably 
                produces as much renewable energy as the total energy 
                it consumes;
                    (B) whether the qualified contractor verifiably 
                uses green manufacturing technology; and
                    (C) whether there is any order against the 
                qualified contractor by the Environmental Protection 
                Agency, the Department of Justice, or a State attorney 
                general to pay a fine or take remedial action for a 
                violation of an environmental law or regulation of the 
                United States.
            (3) Verification and reporting of qualified contractors.--
        The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe such procedures as may 
        be necessary for--
                    (A) contractors to verify that they are qualified 
                contractors;
                    (B) qualified contractors meeting the requirements 
                of paragraph (2) to certify that not more than 25 
                percent of the amount paid under the contract will be 
                expended on a subcontract to a contractor that is not 
                verifiably meeting those requirements, subject to such 
                necessary and reasonable waivers as the Secretary may 
                prescribe; and
                    (C) recording information on each use of the 
                authority under paragraph (1), including details 
                relevant to the nature of the contract and the 
                qualified contractor, and providing that information to 
                the Comptroller General of the United States.
            (4) Comptroller general of the united states report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than five years after 
                the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
                General of the United States shall submit to the 
                congressional defense committees a report on the 
                individual and aggregate uses of the authority under 
                paragraph (1), using such data as may be available up 
                to that time.
                    (B) Elements.--The report under subparagraph (A) 
                shall include--
                            (i) an assessment of the frequency and 
                        nature of the use of the authority under 
                        paragraph (1); and
                            (ii) the tendency of contractors to become 
                        qualified contractors in order to qualify for 
                        the authority under paragraph (1).
            (5) Qualified contractor defined.--In this subsection, the 
        term ``qualified contractor'' means a contractor that uses 
        green manufacturing technology.
    (e) Set Aside Contracts for Small Businesses That Use Green 
Manufacturing Technology.--
            (1) Contracts for green manufacturing technology.--With 
        respect to contracts awarded by the Department of Defense, the 
        Department shall award--
                    (A) in fiscal year 2026, not fewer than five 
                percent of contracts to qualified small businesses;
                    (B) by fiscal year 2031, not fewer than 20 percent 
                of contracts to qualified small businesses; and
                    (C) by fiscal year 2034, not fewer than 50 percent 
                of contracts to qualified small businesses.
            (2) Policy on consideration of certain factors in 
        determinations to award contracts.--In making any determination 
        to enter into a contract described in paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary of Defense shall take into account--
                    (A) whether the qualified small business verifiably 
                produces as much renewable energy as the total energy 
                it consumes;
                    (B) whether the qualified small business verifiably 
                uses green manufacturing technology or operates with 
                net zero energy; and
                    (C) whether there is any order against the 
                qualified small business by the Environmental 
                Protection Agency, the Department of Justice, or a 
                State attorney general to pay a fine or take remedial 
                action for a violation of an environmental law or 
                regulation of the United States.
            (3) Verification and reporting of qualified small 
        businesses.--The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe such 
        procedures as may be necessary for--
                    (A) contractors to verify that they are qualified 
                small businesses;
                    (B) qualified small businesses meeting the 
                requirements of paragraph (2) to certify that not more 
                than 25 percent of the amount paid under the contract 
                will be expended on a subcontract to a contractor that 
                is not verifiably meeting those requirements, subject 
                to such necessary and reasonable waivers as the 
                Secretary may prescribe; and
                    (C) recording information on awards under paragraph 
                (1), including details relevant to the nature of the 
                contract and the qualified small business, and 
                providing that information to the Comptroller General 
                of the United States.
            (4) Comptroller general of the united states report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than five years after 
                the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
                General of the United States shall submit to the 
                congressional defense committees a report on the 
                individual and aggregate awards under paragraph (2), 
                using such data as may be available up to that time.
                    (B) Elements.--The report under subparagraph (A) 
                shall include--
                            (i) an assessment of the frequency and 
                        nature of awards under paragraph (1); and
                            (ii) the tendency of small business 
                        concerns to become qualified small businesses 
                        in order to qualify for awards under paragraph 
                        (1).
            (5) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Qualified small business.--The term ``qualified 
                small business'' means a small business concern that 
                verifiably uses green manufacturing technology or 
                operates with net zero energy.
                    (B) Small business concern.--The term ``small 
                business concern'' has the meaning given that term in 
                section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632).

SEC. 6. ANNUAL REPORT ON EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON DEPARTMENT OF 
              DEFENSE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of 
Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report 
on vulnerabilities to military installations and combatant commander 
requirements resulting from climate change that builds upon the report 
submitted under section 335(c) of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115-91; 131 Stat. 1358).
    (b) Elements.--The report required by subsection (a) shall include 
the following:
            (1) An explanation of the underlying methodology behind the 
        climate vulnerability analysis conducted in preparing the 
        report under section 335(c) of the National Defense 
        Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018.
            (2) An assessment of how climate change affects low-lying 
        military installations, military installations of the Navy and 
        the Marine Corps, and military installations outside the United 
        States.
            (3) An assessment of how climate change affects access of 
        members of the Armed Forces to training ranges.
            (4) With respect to a military installation in a country 
        outside the United States, an assessment of the collaboration 
        between the Department of Defense and the military or civilian 
        agencies of the government of that country or nongovernmental 
        organizations operating in that country to adapt to risks from 
        climate change.
            (5) An assessment of how climate change affects housing 
        safety and food security on military installations.
            (6) An assessment of the strategic benefits derived from 
        isolating infrastructure of the Department of Defense in the 
        United States from the national electric grid and the use of 
        energy-efficient, distributed, and smart power grids by the 
        Armed Forces in the United States and overseas to ensure 
        affordable access to electricity.
            (7) A list of the ten military installations within each 
        military department that are most vulnerable to climate change 
        based on the effects of the following:
                    (A) Geographic location.
                    (B) Extreme weather.
                    (C) Rising sea tides and sea levels.
                    (D) Increased flooding.
                    (E) Drought.
                    (F) Desertification.
                    (G) Wildfires.
                    (H) Thawing permafrost.
                    (I) Such other categories as the Secretary 
                determines necessary.
            (8) A climate vulnerability score, determined by the 
        Secretary, for each military installation of the Department.
            (9) An overview of mitigations, in addition to current 
        efforts undertaken by the Department, that may be necessary to 
        ensure the continued operational viability and to increase the 
        resilience of the vulnerable military installations identified 
        under paragraph (7), and the estimated costs of those 
        mitigations.
            (10) An assessment of how adapting to climate change 
        impacts the readiness of the Armed Forces to address the 
        threats posed by Russia, China, Iran, North Korea, and violent 
        extremism.
    (c) Consultation.--In developing each report under subsection (a), 
the Secretary of Defense shall consult with the Administrator of the 
Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, the 
Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 
the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the 
Commander of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Administrator of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, a federally funded 
research and development center, and the heads of such other relevant 
Federal agencies as the Secretary of Defense determines appropriate.
    (d) Form of Report.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be 
submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex if 
necessary.
    (e) Publication.--Upon submittal of the report required by 
subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall publish the unclassified 
portion of the report on an internet website of the Department of 
Defense that is available to the public.

SEC. 7. INCORPORATION OF CLIMATE RESILIENCE INTO EXISTING STRATEGIES OF 
              THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE.

    (a) Codification of Directive on Climate Change.--
            (1) In general.--Directive 4715.21 of the Department of 
        Defense, dated January 14, 2016, and entitled ``Climate Change 
        Adaptation and Resilience'', shall remain in effect.
            (2) Reports on implementation of directive.--Each posture 
        statement submitted to Congress by the Secretary of a military 
        department, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, or the 
        commander of a combatant command shall include a description of 
        the implementation and discharge by such official of the 
        Directive referred to in paragraph (1), including the personnel 
        assigned to implement and discharge the Directive and the 
        progress achieved in such implementation and discharge.
    (b) Incorporation of Climate Change Into Certain Defense 
Strategies.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Defense, in coordination 
        with the heads of other elements of the intelligence community, 
        the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the 
        Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the National Oceanic 
        and Atmospheric Administration, the Administrator of the 
        Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Commander of the Army 
        Corps of Engineers, the Administrator of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the heads of such 
        other relevant Federal agencies as the Secretary of Defense 
        determines appropriate, shall incorporate climate change into 
        the National Defense Strategy, the National Military Strategy, 
        and operational plans of the Department of Defense.
            (2) Intelligence community defined.--In this subsection, 
        the term ``intelligence community'' has the meaning given that 
        term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 
        U.S.C. 3003).
    (c) Implementation and Discharge of Requirements.--
            (1) Cross-functional team on incorporation of climate 
        resilience into defense strategies.--Among the cross-functional 
        teams established by the Secretary of Defense pursuant to 
        subsection (c) of section 911 of the National Defense 
        Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114-328; 130 
        Stat. 2345; 10 U.S.C. 111 note) in support of the 
        organizational strategy for the Department of Defense required 
        by subsection (a) of that section, the Secretary shall 
        establish a cross-functional team on the implementation and 
        discharge of the requirements under this section.
            (2) Establishment and activities.--The cross-functional 
        team required by paragraph (1) shall be established in 
        accordance with subsection (c) of section 911 of the National 
        Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, and shall be 
        governed in its activities in accordance with the provisions of 
        such subsection (c).
            (3) Coordination.--The cross-functional team required by 
        paragraph (1) shall coordinate with the Chief Sustainability 
        Officer of the Department of Defense while implementing and 
        discharging the requirements under this section.
            (4) Deadline for establishment.--The cross-functional team 
        required by paragraph (1) shall be established by not later 
        than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 8. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION ON ENERGY STORAGE, 
              HYBRID MICROGRID, AND ENERGY RESILIENCE.

    (a) Research, Development, and Demonstration.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Defense, in consultation 
        with the Secretary of Energy, shall carry out research, 
        development, and demonstration of hybrid microgrid systems and 
        electric grid energy storage within the Environmental Security 
        Technology Certification Program of the Department of Defense.
            (2) Complementing existing program.--Activities carried out 
        under paragraph (1) shall complement the energy demonstration 
        program required under section 3201(d) of the Energy Act of 
        2020 (42 U.S.C. 17232(d)) and the Strategic Environmental 
        Research and Development Program under section 2901 of title 
        10, United States Code.
    (b) Multidisciplinary Teams.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (a)(1), the 
        Secretary of Defense shall organize activities among 
        multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum extent 
        practicable, expertise from the Department of Energy, the 
        National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, 
        existing research programs, and the private sector.
            (2) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams organized under 
        paragraph (1) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven, and 
        basic research, development, and demonstration goals to carry 
        out subsection (a)(1).
            (3) Resources.--The Secretary of Defense shall provide 
        sufficient resources to the multidisciplinary teams organized 
        under paragraph (1) to achieve the goals described in paragraph 
        (2) over a ten-year period.
    (c) Areas of Focus.--The activities conducted under subsection 
(a)(1) shall focus on--
            (1) addressing electrical power intermittency;
            (2) integrating renewable energy sources into microgrid 
        systems, hybrid microgrid systems, energy storage, grid 
        security, and local generation of zero-carbon fuels;
            (3) the inspection and structural health monitoring of 
        critical energy infrastructure;
            (4) materials, electric thermal, electromechanical, and 
        electrochemical systems research;
            (5) power conversion technologies research;
            (6) developing and using fuel-efficient engines;
            (7) additive manufacturing;
            (8) developing--
                    (A) empirical and science-based industry standards 
                to compare the storage capacity, cycle length and 
                capabilities, and reliability of different types of 
                electricity storage; and
                    (B) validation and testing techniques;
            (9) other fundamental and applied research critical to 
        widespread deployment of electricity storage;
            (10) device development that builds on results from 
        research described in paragraphs (4), (5), and (9), including 
        combinations of power electronics, advanced optimizing 
        controls, and energy storage as a general purpose element of 
        the electric grid;
            (11) micro-scale testing and analysis of storage devices, 
        including test-beds and field trials;
            (12) microgrid systems and hybrid microgrid systems to 
        increase the resilience of critical infrastructure of the 
        Department of Defense;
            (13) the potential for energy storage and renewable 
        resources, including wind, solar, and hydropower, to be 
        integrated into microgrid systems or hybrid microgrid systems 
        of installations of the Department of Defense;
            (14) the capacity of the workforce of the Department of 
        Defense to operate, maintain, and repair a microgrid system or 
        hybrid microgrid system;
            (15) opportunities to develop the capacity to operate, 
        maintain, and repair a hybrid microgrid system;
            (16) leveraging existing capacity within local or regional 
        research organizations, such as organizations based at 
        institutions of higher education, to support development of 
        hybrid microgrid systems, including by testing novel components 
        and systems prior to field deployment;
            (17) electricity storage device safety and reliability, 
        including potential failure modes, mitigation measures, and 
        operational guidelines;
            (18) standards for performance, control interface, grid 
        interconnection, and interoperability of electricity storage 
        devices;
            (19) maintaining a public database of energy storage 
        projects, policies, codes, standards, and regulations; and
            (20) such other criteria as the Secretary of Defense, in 
        consultation with the Secretary of Energy, determines 
        appropriate.
    (d) Collaboration.--The activities conducted under subsection 
(a)(1) shall be carried out in collaboration with relevant 
stakeholders, including, as appropriate--
            (1) States;
            (2) Indian tribes;
            (3) regional entities and regulators;
            (4) units of local government;
            (5) institutions of higher education, including 
        historically Black colleges or universities and other minority-
        serving institutions; and
            (6) private sector entities.
    (e) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter until 2034, 
        the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional 
        defense committees a report on the efforts to implement 
        subsection (a)(1), including any strategy developed to 
        implement the activities under such subsection.
            (2) Classified annex.--The report under paragraph (1) shall 
        be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified 
        annex if necessary.
            (3) Publication.--Upon submittal of the report under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall publish the unclassified 
        portion of the report on an internet website of the Department 
        that is available to the public.
    (f) Assistance to States.--The Secretary of Defense may provide 
technical and financial assistance to States, Indian tribes, units of 
local government, institutions of higher education, or private sector 
entities to participate in or use research, development, or 
demonstration of technology developed under this section.
    (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary of Defense to carry out this section the 
following:
            (1) For fiscal year 2026, $10,000,000.
            (2) For fiscal year 2027, $25,000,000.
            (3) For fiscal year 2028, $50,000,000.
            (4) For fiscal year 2029, $75,000,000.
            (5) For fiscal year 2030, $125,000,000.
            (6) For fiscal year 2031, $200,000,000.
            (7) For each of fiscal years 2032 through 2034, 
        $250,000,000.
    (h) No Effect on Other Provisions of Law.--Nothing in this section 
authorizes regulatory actions that would duplicate or conflict with 
regulatory requirements, mandatory standards, or related processes 
under section 215 of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824o).
    (i) Use of Funds.--To the maximum extent practicable, in carrying 
out this section, the Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the use of 
funds to carry out this section is coordinated with the Secretary of 
Energy and among different offices within the Grid Modernization 
Initiative of the Department of Energy and the Energy Grand Storage 
Challenge of the Department of Energy.
    (j) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Historically black college or university.--The term 
        ``historically Black college or university'' has the meaning 
        given the term ``part B institution'' in section 322(2) of the 
        Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061(2)).
            (2) Hybrid microgrid system.--The term ``hybrid microgrid 
        system'' means a stand-alone electrical system that--
                    (A) is comprised of conventional generation and at 
                least one alternative energy resource; and
                    (B) may use grid-scale energy storage.
            (3) Microgrid system.--The term ``microgrid system'' means 
        a standalone electrical system that uses grid-scale energy 
        storage.
            (4) National laboratory.--The term ``National Laboratory'' 
        has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Energy 
        Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).

SEC. 9. CONDITIONS ON BASE REALIGNMENT AND CLOSURE ACTIVITIES FUNDED 
              THROUGH BASE CLOSURE ACCOUNT OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE.

    (a) Consideration of Factors Required.--With respect to any Base 
Realignment and Closure round begun by the Department of Defense after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Department shall consider 
current and potential vulnerabilities to installations and operations 
of the Department of Defense resulting from climate change and the 
resilience of installations of the Department.
    (b) Base Realignment and Closure Round Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``Base Realignment and Closure round'' means base realignment 
and closure activities, including real property acquisition and 
military construction projects, as authorized by the Defense Base 
Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (part A of title XXIX of Public Law 
101-510; 10 U.S.C. 2687 note) and funded through the Department of 
Defense Base Closure Account established by section 2906 of such Act 
(as amended by section 2711 of the Military Construction Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2013 (division B of Public Law 112-239; 126 Stat. 
2140)).
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