HARRY W. ALL A Monographic Study of

the Subfamily Tiphiinae

f (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) M

of South America k

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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 11 3

Harry W. Allen A Monographic Study of

the Subfamily Tiphiinae

(Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae)

of South America

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON

1972
ABSTRACT

Allen, Harry W. A Monographic Study of the Subfamily Tiphiinae (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) of South America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 113, 76 pages, 57 figures, 1972.—This paper presents keys and descriptions or

descriptive notes based on type specimens of all known species of South American

Tiphiinae except for 8 species in which types were inaccessible. One new genus,

Mallochia is proposed and described. The genus, Tiphiodes and subgenera Tiphiodes

and Protiphia are sunk as synonymous. There are descriptive notes or redescriptions of

Epomidiopteron julii Romand and the following species of the genus Tiphia: pacozo

Allen; paupi Allen and Krombein; intermedia Malloch; fulvitarsis Rohwer; oblonga, campanula, solitaria, salutatrix, chalybea, and parallela Smith; meridonalis,

gigantea, jonesii and elongata Turner.

The following new species are described: in the genus Mallochia—arnaui, alini and

calalao; in the genus Tiphia—osborni, ripaliwinae, narinensis, geijskesi, boxi, savanna,

bogota, insueta, rossi, ramara, vandervechti, caerulea, columbiana, huallaga, wosuna,

silvae, Surinam, aguacatal, bartica, phaedra, hodgesi, pallisteri, penai, lima, pastaza, ancha, delta, cuzcoa, maria, monsona, manni, browni, scalar if or mis, quincemila, iquitosa, gilvapennis, academae, bassleri, cosquina, jujuya, teutonia, sierra,

alpha, gamma, parkeri, plaumanni, colalao, walzi, arnaui, beta, catarina, saopaula, lassana, cornelliana, diamantina, cumana, uruouma, sankutei, makdona, selloi,

cordoba, michelbacheri, parana, shannoni, malleri, inusitata, annabella, corumba, and

tonia.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year.

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Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Acknowledgments 2

Key to Genera of New World Tiphiinae 2

Genus Epomidiopteron Romand 3

Genus Mallochia, New Genus 4

Genus Tiphia Fabricius 7

Countries North of Brazil 7

Keys to Species 7

Descriptions of Species 8

Tropical Brazil 25

Keys to Species 25

Descriptions of Species 25

Peru-Equador-Bolivia Area 27

Keys to Species 27

Descriptions of Species 29

Southern South America 43

Keys to Species 43

Descriptions of Species 45

Tiphiinae of Uncertain Position 73

Literature Cited 73

Index 75

Harry W. Allen A Monographic Study of

the Subfamily Tiphiinae

(Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae)

of South America

Introduction

In so far as my studies extend, the subfamily Tiphiinae

in South America is restricted to four genera: Epomidiopteron, which is known to extend from Peru and

French Guiana to southern Arizona; Mallochia, newly

proposed and presently known only from southern

South America; Tiphia, of worldwide distribution;

and Tiphoides, proposed by Brethes for two Argentinian species in 1913 and not identified since by other

workers. The genera Paratiphia, Krombeinia and Neotiphia, relatively common in western North America

have not been found in South America. Only the genus Tiphia has been commonly collected in South

America. In this paper 98 species have been mentioned of which 76 are new to science.

Many of the characters used in this paper are the

same as used by the author in numerous previous papers and have been recently illustrated and discussed

in 1971 Transactions of the American Entomological

Society, volume 97, pages 204-212.

In the South American species of the genus Tiphia

several characters are found that are of worldwide

occurrence. These include the grooved basitarsus, and

the scutellar median escarpment of the female, the

elongated radial cell, and the fifth sternal denticles in

the male. Characters not encountered outside South

America include the encircling escarpments and greatHarry W. Allen, Research Fellow, Academy of Natural

Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Collaborator,

United States Department of Agriculture, Moorestown, New

Jersey.

ly enlarged punctures of the abdominal terga and the

anteriomedial tubercles of the second sternum.

In arranging the data on the genus Tiphia it has

been found convenient to consider in turn the species

of four different regions; i.e. (1) the countries north

of Brazil, (2) the Amazon Valley of Brazil, (3) the

countries Peru, Equador, and Bolivia, and (4) southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina. In the

material studied there appears to be very little overlap

of species between these regions. There also appear to

be very few species from the West Indies, Central

America, or Mexico that also occur in northern South

America. However, males taken at several localities in

Panama and Venezuela I am unable to separate from

intermedia, the most common species of eastern North

America.

The average size of the first cubital cell among females in 16 species of South American Tiphia which

have been measured is 24 times the stigmal area, with

a range from 10 to 40. This seems to indicate that the

species in the neotropical area differ as a group from

those in western North America. In the latter area

measurements have been made on 28 species. The

range in size of the first cubital cell in respect to the

stigma is from 5 to 34, with an average of only 14. It

is noteworthy that only four species had cells smaller

than the average from South America. Two of these

were from the Panama Canal Zone and were respectively 30 and 34 times larger than the stigma. The

other two were from the State of Puebla, Mexico, a

relatively short distance from the isthmus of Tehuantepec, and were 28 and 30. It is tempting to suspect
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

that these last four species represent penetration into

North America of South American species, as has occurred with many other species of animals.

The subfamily Tiphiinae in South America has received very little attention from systematists. In 1836,

M. Romand described the brightly-marked wasp, Epomidiopteron julii from French Guiana. In 1855 and in

1879, F. Smith described four species from tropical

Brazil and one from Colombia. No others were added

until the period from 1908 to 1912 when four new

species were described by R. W. Turner, five by J.

Brethes, and one by S. A. Rohwer. It is not possible

to identify any of these from the original descriptions.

The holotypes of all Smith's species and three of Turner's in the British Museum have been redescribed in

detail by the author. A special effort has been made to

learn about the present status of Brethes' types which

should be in Buenos Aires, but without results.

It is regrettable that in this monograph so many

species are represented only by one sex and the holotype specimen. In only four species have both sexes

been recognized and described. It seems obvious that

some species have been described under one name

as a male and under another as a female. However,

until more data is available, it will be impossible to

match these correctly.

The excellent collecting of J. van der Vecht and his

associates in Surinam should be mentioned, and especially the use by D. C. Geijskes of the Malaise trap

in collecting Tiphia. During the early 1940s the U. S.

Department of Agriculture maintained a laboratory

on biological control investigations at Montevideo.

During this period, H. L. Parker and his associates

were able to study the parasite relationships of several

Scarabaeidae in the area southward of Sao Paulo,

Brazil. One species of Tiphia was reared in large numbers from its Scarabaeid host.

Acknowledgments

The research on this project has been supported in

part by the National Science Foundation. For the

loan of material or other assistance I am indebted to

the following institutions and individuals:

G. W. Byers, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas (UK).

R. C. Froeschner and K. V. Krombein, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. (USNM).

M. Ivanochko, Canad'an National Collection, Ottawa, Canada (CNC).

S. Kelner-Pillault, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris,

France (MNHP).

S. Konigsmann, Zoologische Museum der Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin, East Germany (ZMB).

H. B. Leech, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco,

California (CAS).

L. L. Pechuman, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

(CU).

J. G. Rosen, Jr., American Museum of Natural History, New

York, New York (AMNH).

J. van der Vecht and A. Willink, Rijksmuseum van Naturlijke Historie, Leiden, Netherlands (RNH).

M. S. Washbauer, California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, California (CDA).

I. H. H. Yarrow, British Museum (Natural History), London, England.

Illustrations are by Peter McElhinney and Rita Ann Nickle.

Key to Genera of New World Tiphiinae

1. Oral area broad and consisting of labium, maxilla, and a polished, triangular area below

base of mandible; labium at most only slightly longer than wide; maxillary palpi large,

longer than maxilla; hypostomal bridge broad 2

Oral area elongate, narrowed, with no polished submandibular triangle, labium longer than

wide; maxillary palpi small, usually shorter than maxilla; hypostomal bridge frequently

narrowed 5

2. Males 3

Females 4

3. Sixth sternum with its lateral margin deeply notched; lateral extension of radial cell usually

much less than that of second cubital cell Krombeinia Pate

Sixth sternum with its lateral margin never deeply notched; lateral extension of radial cell

usually equal or exceeding that of second cubital cell Tiphia Fabricius

4. Abdominal terga and sterna terminating in polished, impunctate, ribbon-like bands; sternum

6 with b oad, conspicuous, shagreened median stripe Krombeinia Pa'e

Abdominal terga and sterna without uniform, ribbon-like bands; sternum 6 without a broad,

shagreened median stripe Tiphia Fabricius
NUMBER 1 1 3

5. First section of radius with a long, heavily sclerotized spur almost bisecting first cubital

cell 6

First section of radius without a long, heavily sclerotized spur partly bisecting the first cubital

cell, at most with a rudimentary stump at this location 7

6. Large insects with conspicuously maculated body; without trace of prepectal ridge on anterior

border of mesopleuron, or sensorial area on side of first tergum. . Epomidiopteron Romand

Medium- to small-sized insects without maculated thorax or abdomen; usually with prepectal ridge on anteroir border of mesopleuron; a large flat or depressed sensorial area

on side of tergum 1 Paratiphia Sichel

7. Males 8

Females 9

8. Abdominal terga with broad, highly polished terminal belts; sternum 6 medially with conspicuous shield-shaped area Neotiphia Malloch

Abdominal terga without broad, polished terminal belts; sternum 6 not differentiated

medially into a shield-shaped area Mallochia Allen

9. Abdominal segments with highly polished, ribbon-like terminal bands; pygidium coarsely

punctuate to its apex; sixth sternum usually with broad shagreened median stripe; tegula

usually broader than long; hind tibia usually with club-shaped or furcate bristles

Neotiphia Malloch

Abdomen without polished, ribbon-like terminal bands; pygidium impunctate and shagreened

at its apex; sixth sternum without shagreened median stripe; tegula longer than broad;

hind tibia without club-shaped or furcate bristles Mallochia Allen

Genus Epomidiopteron Romand

Epomidiopteron Romand, 1836:653.—Allen 1966:205.

This genus, represented by one described species, was

recently redescribed in detail and literature cited (Allen 1966). It differs from the other South American

genera of Tiphiinae as follows: The body size is as

large or larger than the largest species of Tiphia and

Mallochia and in both sexes the body is conspicuously

maculated. The mouth opening is elongated and the

polished submandibular triangle present in Tiphia is

lacking. The mesopleuron in both sexes lacks prepectal

carinae. For a more extensive list of references see

Allen 1966.

1. Epomidiopteron fulii Romand

Epomidiopteron julii Romand, 1836:653.—Allen 1966:206.

The descriptive notes below are abstracted from a recent detailed redescription based on one specimen

from the type locality lent by Dr. Kelner-Pillault of the

Paris Museum, and the other specimens listed below.

Dr. Karl Krombein of the Smithsonian Institution

thinks that the type of this distinctive species is a female in the Munich Museum which bears the following labels: "Cayenne/coll-Guerin," "Cay."; "Coll.

Guerin"; and "Epomidiopteron/julii/Rom./Cayenne." An Epomidiopteron considered to be julii occurs as far north as southern Arizona. For a more extensive list of references see Allen 1966.

FEMALE.—Body color black with broad yellowish

white spots on clypeus, mesopleuron, scutellum, metanotum, pygidium, and laterally on pronotum and the

first 4 abdominal segments. Front with impunctate

ridge bordering inner eye orbit. Mandible with massive preapical denticle. Dorsal pronotum with transverse carina complete but not buttressed. Lateral pronotum without anterior process; disc with a mixture of

punctures and obscure rugulae. Scutum without anteromedian escarpment. Legs black to reddish brown.

Middle and hind tibia on outside with spines subobsolete except for dorsal row; hind tibia on inner

face carinate on basal half without visible sensorium.

Tegula rectangular, 1.6 times as long as wide, completely fine shagreened. Wing black violaceous; spur

from first section of radius bisects first cubital cell as

in Paratiphia. Dorsal propodeum with areola when

present, slenderly rectangular and about 6 times as

long as wide; area beside areola coarsely punctate.

Tergum 1 with anterior transverse carina interrupted

on center line; preapical band medially a single row

of coarse punctures. Sterum 2 with a conspicuous

anterior median callosity. Intermediate terga with a

line of contiguous punctures at some distance from

apices of terga. Pygidium with a few small round

punctures on anterior half. Length 16 to 18 mm.

MALE.—Body black with broad yellowish white
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

spots approximately as in female. Front with an impunctate ridge parallel to inner eye orbit. Cheek slightly wider than an antennal fossa. Mandible with massive preapical denticle. Dorsal pronotum with low

transverse carina, not buttressed. Lateral pronotum

coarsely punctate on upper anterior part. Legs, except

inner face of fore tibia, black. Tegula roughly rectangular, 1.7 times as long as wide, completely but very

minutely shagreened. Forewing with backward directed spur from first section of radius almost bisecting

first cubital cell; apical enclosure on radial cell directed strongly inward to costal margin. Dorsal propodeum outside areola closely and very coarsely punctate;

areola a small, elongate oval, without median carina.

Lateral propodeum without a well-defined upper rugulose region. Tergum 1 with a poorly defined anterior

transverse carina interrupted medially. Terga 1 to 6

each with a broad, ribbon-like impunctate apex bordered anteriorly by a row of coalesced punctures. Sternum

2 with a strong anteromedian callosity. Sterna each

with a strong median escarpment extending from side

to side. Sternum 6 without specialized median plate.

Male genitalia (Allen 1966: 209) have a heavy sclerotized paramere which serves to box in the remainder

of the genitalia, the parameral plate has 2 twisted,

finger-like terminal lobes, the cuspis is short and pointed, another small structure posterioventrad to cuspis

is tipped with several long hairs.

1 d; French Guiana (Guerin) (MHNP). 1 d;

Santerem, presumably Brazil. 1 d ; probably "Colonia

Hansa," Brazil (CU). 1 d ; Ichilo, Buena Vida, Boliva (Martinez) (USNM). 1 $ ; Tingo Maria.

Huanuco, Peru (AMNH). 1 $ ; Palmar, Equador

(AMNH). 1 d ; Panama (BM).

It is tempting to presume that this genotype lies closer

to the origins of the highly specialized genera Paratiphia and Neotiphia than to any species yet discovered.

Although the males of the 2 described species have

lateral denticles on the fifth sternum, this may not be

a universal generic character.

GENOTYPE.— d ', holotype of M. arnaui.

MALE.—Head with elongated labium and maxillae.

The labium with small palpi (Figure 1). Prepectal carina present on mesopleuron. Hind coxa without prominent carina between inner and upper faces. Forewing

with terminal veins of second cubital and radial cells

almost a straight line and sloped strongly inward to

costal margin; first section of radial cell without a bend

or inwardly directed spur; first recurrent vein not recurved just before junction with cubitus. Dorsal propodeum with only one transverse carina. Lateral propodeum with a distinct separation between upper rugose and lower shagreened sections. Tergum 1 without

anterior transverse carina and without depressed sensorial area on sides. Intermediate terga without an escarpment or groove near junction with preceding tergum, or broad, polished ribbon-like bands at the apices. Pygidium not coarsely punctate and without

carinae enclosing the punctate part. Sternum 6

medially without a specialized shield-shaped area; its

lateral margin not notched.

FEMALE.—Mouthparts elongated, with small palpi

as in male. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment.

Mesopleuron with a prepectal ridge. Forewing with

radial cell open, the radius with a terminal spur directed mesad toward costal margin. Pygidium as in Tiphia with punctures on basal part and apex smooth. In

other characters as described for male.

Genus Mallochia, new genus

This genus is named in honor of J. R. Malloch, who,

in 1918, published the first systematic paper on Tiphiinae in which numerous valuable diagnostic characters were used. Because of its peculiar elongated

mouthparts, it seems impossible to consider the designated genotype in any light other than generically

separate from but a close relative of the North American genera Neotiphia and Paratiphia, which also have

specialized elongated mouthparts. In most other respects, however, it appears much more closely related

to the genus Tiphia. Both sexes are of moderate size;

neither has broad white spots on any part of the body.

2. Mallochia arnaui, new species

FIGURES 1, 2, 3, 43

Known only from the holotype and 1 paratype. The

paratype, collected at a locality in Tucuman away

from the type locality and a year later than the holotype, has somewhat coarser abdominal punctures. In

this species the outline of the tegula, the sculpturing

of the dorsal propodeum and the size of the punctures

of the abdominal terga are distinctly different from M.

colalao.

HOLOTYPE.—d ; San Pedro de Colalao, Tucuman,

Argentina, 9-II-1947 (J. M. Arnau) (CDA).

Front with moderate-sized punctures largely of first-
NUMBER 1 1 3

FIGURES 1—7.—Male of Mallochi arnaui, new species, from San Pedro de Colalao, Tucuman,

Argentina: 1, mouthparts; 2, lateral aspect of tergum 1; 3, sternal area showing lateral denticle

on sternum 5. 4, tergum 1 of male of Tiphia osborni, new species from Caracas, Venezuela.

5, tergum 1 of male, Tiphia ripaliwinae, new species, from "Ripaliwini," South Surinam. 6,

tergum 1 of male, Tiphia narinensis, new species from near La Union, Colombia. 7, dorsal

propodeum of male, Tiphia boxi, new species, from Caracas, Venezuela, showing detail of fishscale-like shagreening.

degree density to near level of lowest ocellus, interspersed with secondaries that are about as numerous

as the primaries. Antennal flagellum 1.5 times as long

as head width. Head width 2.0 times least distance

between eyes. (2 measured were 2.0, 2.1). Clypeus

with its median extension broadly arcuate to near base

and without trace of lateral carina or lateral pit. Mandible without preapical denticle. Mouthparts (Figure

1) elongate.

Dorsal pronotum with a barely perceptible transverse carina; without bordering sulcus. Lateral pronotum with anterior process uniformly low; without
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

groove or escarpment across its disc. Mesopleuron on

anterior slope with moderate-sized primary punctures

largely of second-degree density and minute secondaries which are considerably more numerous than the

primaries. Legs black. Hind tibia on inner face without sharp long carina; sensorium pyriform, relatively

large and in a slight depression. Tegula thickened,

polished, slightly longer than broad. Forewing (Figure

43) with second cubital cell greatly exceeding radial

cell in lateral extension and about equal to radial cell

in area.

Dorsal propodeum with lateral disc coarsely reticulate near areola, elsewhere roughly shagreened; areola strongly tapered with sigmoid sides, length at least

twice apical width; transverse apical carina obsolete

except at apex of areola and for short distance on

either side. Tergum 1 (Figure 2) without anterior

transverse carina; preapical band bordered anteriorly

by an irregular escarpment, and consisting of a single

row of punctures irregularly spaced and aligned. Intermediate terga with moderate-sized punctures not varying greatly in size or distribution; vestiture of fine,

sparse hairs. Pygidium without lateral carina enclosing

punctate part. Sternum 5 (Figure 3) with a small, appressed lateral denticle.

Length 7.3 to 8.6 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.—1; Trancas, Tucuman, Argentina, 9-II1948. (J. M. Arnau) (CDA).

3. Mallochia alini, new species

Except for the elongated mouthparts, this species appears to have no characters in the female sex that

separate it from the genus Tiphia.

HOLOTYPE.—Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 12-1-

1964 (V. N. Alin) (AMNH).

FEMALE.—Front broadly bipunctate with punctures

of upper half chiefly of second- and third-degree density, but without interspaces as wide as an ocellus. Antennal flagellum short, stout, with first 3 segments 2.3

times as long as greatest width. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum without transverse carina; punctures chiefly of third-degree density except in band

terminating punctate part. Lateral pronotum aciculate

but not rugulose in ventral angle; without groove

across disc. Mesopleuron on outer disc with coarse primary punctures largely of second-degree density; subalar patch of dense micropunctures as wide as tegula

but not continued ventrally along prepectal ridge.

Legs, except tarsi, black. Hind tibia angular in cross

section; sensorium slightly depressed, a third as wide

as joint and about 2 times as long as wide. Hind basitarsus not grooved. Tegula not shagreened and without groove on outer margin. Forewing slightly infuscate; stigma separated by less than its length from

basal vein; radial cell nearly closed by spur arising before its apex and directed strongly mesad toward costal margin.

Dorsal propodeum outside areola broadly bipunctate; areola with concave sides, its length more than 3

times and its base about one and one-eighth apical

width. Lateral propodeum with rugulae coarse and

widely spaced; lower part with sparse, inconspicuous

microsetae. Tergum 1 moderately punctate on dorsal

area; prepectal band with a somewhat rounded escarpment on anterior border and a single impressed

row of moderate-sized punctures, separated by more

than their average diameter. Intermediate terga with

exceptionally coarse, deep punctures, some of which

are perceptibly dimpled; apices of each with a conspicuous row of coarse punctures, narrowly aligned

and each bearing a long bristle. Pygidium coarsely

punctuate on basal two-thirds, punctures terminating

in a straight transverse line; impunctate part coarsely

shagreened to apex.

Length 8.8 mm.

MALE .—Unknown.

HOLOTYPE.—1; Curitiba, Parana, Brazil, 14-XII1955 (Michener and Lange) (UK).

4. Mallochia colalao, new species

Known only from holotype specimen. M. colalao has

much coarser abdominal punctures than M. arnaui,

the tegula has a more conspicuous medio-caudal extension and the transverse carina of the dorsal propodeum is continued to the lateral corner and is bordered by a regular series of rectangular pits. It is possible that alini, a female described from Brazil which

has similar abdominal puncturation, may be conspecific

with colalao.

HOLOTYPE.— tf ; San Pedro de Colalao, Tucuman,

Argentina, 9-II-1947 (J. M. Arnau) (CDA).

MALE.—Front on lower half and along eyes with

contiguous punctures, on upper half generally of

second-degree without interspaces as wide as an ocellus; secondaries numerous on lower half. Head width

2.2 times least distance between eyes. Cheek as wide
NUMBER 1 13

as antennal fossa. Clypeus without lateral carina or second cubital cell equaling or exceeding radial cell in

lateral pit. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Lateral pronotum with low, complete transverse carina not bordered by sulcus; punctures coarse, of uniform size and first-degree density. Lateral pronotum

broadly aciculate, free of coarse sculpturing. Scutum

without anteromedian escarpment; coarse punctures

uniformly distributed in area between notaulices.

Mesopleuron on anterior slope with coarse punctures

generally of first-degree density mixed with minute

secondaries that are everywhere much more numerous

than the primaries. Legs black. Hind tibia with strong

ridge on inner face, expanded to enclose lanceolate

sensorium one-fifth width of joint and about 3 times

as long as wide. Tegula much longer than wide, with a

conspicuous angular extension of inner part; a posterior marginal groove terminating before outer apical

angle. Forewing with membrane slightly infumate,

Dorsal propodeum outside areola irregularly rugose

punctate, fading to shagreening; areola strongly tapered, its length two and* one-half times and its base one

and three-fourths times apex; transverse apical carina

complete, bordered by uniform series of rectangular

pits. Tergum 1 with numerous very coarse punctures

on dorsal area, and a broad dispersion of extremely

minute, widely separated punctures. Preapical band a

deep, narrow trench in which the punctures are not

clearly defined. Terga with a nearly uniform distribution of punctures of about the same size; terga 3, 4,

and 5 each with terminal punctures in a well-defined

row. Sternum 5 with a small, appressed lateral denticle.

Length 8.4 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

Genus Tiphia Fabricius

Countries North of Brazil

Key to Males: Countries North of Brazil

1. Tergum 1 without transverse carina 2

Tergum 1 with transverse carina 9

2. Radial cell greatly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension 3

Radial cell at most only slightly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension 5

3. Tergum 3 with conspicuous enlarged, dimpled punctures .. . 5. Tiphia osborni, new species

Abdominal terga without enlarged, dimpled punctures 4

4. First abdominal tergum short, not longer than greatest width; intermediate terga with

moderately coarse punctures 6. T. ripaliwinae, new species

First abdominal tergum elongated, 1.4 or more times as long as wide

7. T. narinensis, new species

5. Radial cell terminating in a sector which is sloped strongly inward to coastal margin

8. T. paupi Allen and Krombein

Radial cell if exceeded by cubital cell, not sloped inward without a sharp bend to coastal

margin 6

6. Tegula with a fine groove about outer apical angle 7

Tegula without groove about outer margin 8

7. Tegula with outer and posterior margins roundly right-angular 9. T. geijskesi, new species

Tegula with margins orbicular 10. T. boxi, new species

8. Terga 3 to 5 at line of articulation with preceding terga abruptly raised above level of

remainder of tergum 11.7*. savanna, new species

Terga 3 to 5 without anterior transverse escarpments 12. T. intermedia Malloch

9. Sternum 5 with lateral denticles 10

Sternum 5 without lateral denticles 11

10. Sterna 3, 4 and 5 each with lateral, inverted U-shaped escarpment 13

13. T. insueta, new species

Sterna without inverted U-shaped escarpments; wings black 14. T. rossi, new species

11. Terga 3 and 4 with high escarpment encircling anterior part 12

Terga 3 and 4 without encircling anterior escarpment 13
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

12. Front and mesopleuron with numerous minute punctures \\. T. savanna, new species

Front and mesopleuron almost without micropunctures 15. T. bogota, new species

13. Legs bright red; transverse carina of dorsal pronotum with exceptionally long, strong buttressing ridges, medially with only scattered punctures posterior to ridges

16. T. ramara, new species

Legs black; dorsal pronotum with transverse carina with short, weak ridges, the following

punctate area broad with numerous punctures ... 17. T. pacozo Allen

Key to Females: Countries North of Brazil

1. Body completely and uniformly dark blue or green 2

Body black *

2. Tegula almost twice as long as wide; upper front with exceptionally large punctures 18

18. T. vandervechti, new species

Tegula as long as wide; frontal punctures of normal size 3

3. Tergum 1 with anterior transverse carina 19. T. caerulea, new species

Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina 20. T. colombiana, new species

4. Hind basitarsus grooved 5

Hind basitarsus not grooved 8

5. Scutum without an anteromedian escarpment 21. T. huallaga, new species

Scutum with an anteromedian escarpment 6

6. Tergum 3 and to lesser extent tergum 4 with a low escarpment at junction with preceding

segment, more strongly developed at sides \\. T. savanna, new spec'.es

Terga of abdomen without escarpments near junction with preceding terga 7

7. Lateral pronotum with narrow, linear groove across disc; hind tibia without carina on

inner face, upper margin conspicuously arched 9. T. geijskesi, new species

Lateral pronotum without groove across disc; hind tibia usually with carina on inner face,

upper margin not arches 22. T. wosuna, new species

8. Posterior propodeum with a narrow, complete carina; radial cell more than 4 times as

long as wide 23. T. oblonga Smith

Posterior propodeum without carina; tegula without shagreening; radial cell less than 4

times as long as wide 9

9. Tergum 1 with transverse carina 10

Tergum 1 without transverse carina 11

10. Anterior part of lateral propodeum with fine, closely spaced rugulae; lateral pronotum

without sharply defined groove across its disc; intermediate terga without anterior encircling escarpments 24. T. silvae, new species

Anterior part of lateral propodeum with coarse, widely spaced rugulae; disc of lateral

pronotum with short but sharply defined groove; intermediate terga with anterior encircling escarpments often concealed under preceding terga 25. T. Surinam, new species

11. Preapical band of tergum 1 without bordering escarpment 26. T. aguacatal, new species

Preapical band of tergum 1 bordered anteriorly by an escarpment 12

12. Legs reddish and very stout; hind femur less than 2 times as long as wide

27. T. bar tic a, new species

Legs black, not unusually stout; hind femur 2 times as long at wide

28. T. phedra, new species

5. Tiphia (Tiphia) osborni, new species gum 3. Other distinguishing features are: the absence

Y ± °f conspicuous buttresses to the pronotal transverse

carina; absence of transverse carina on tergum 1, or

Tiphia osborni is represented only by the holotype on the discs of the intermediate terga, or sternal denmale. It belongs to the group of species, common in tides; and the presence of an elongate radial cell.

South America, in which some of the tergal punctures HOLOTYPE.— Q* ; Caracas, Venezuela, October 1929

are much enlarged and dimpled. It differs from others (H. T. Osborn) (USNM).

in this group in having a clearly defined row of much MALE.—Front with small primary punctures of firstenlarged punctures undulating transversely over ter- degree density on lower half and narrowly near eye,
NUMBER 1 1 3

in middle of upper half of third-degree without interspaces as wide as an ocellus; dense secondaries extending to above lower half. Head width 2.2 times least

distance between eyes. Cheek slightly narrower than

an antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with high, sharp-crested transverse carina; bordering sulcus without cross ridges;

punctures ranging in size from minute to moderately

large, separated by distances much greater than their

average diameter. Lateral pronotum with faintly defined escarpment across middle disc. Mesopleuron on

anterior slope with primary punctures small and separated in most directions by several times their average

diameter; secondaries are minute and slightly more

numerous than primaries. Legs black. Hind tibia with

a strong carina extending almost to friction plate. Tegula not shagreened and without marginal grooves.

Forewing with hyaline membrane; radial cell greatly

exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension; sectors of second cubital cell in terms of inner sector

(itob) are 10: 21: 14: 19.

Dorsal propodeum with lateral discs free of conspicuous sculpturing; areola with slightly sigmoid sides,

slightly convergent, about one and one-half times as

long as apical width. Tergum 1 (Figure 4) not elongate; without transverse carina; preapical band a

single row of very small punctures, not impressed. Terga 2, 3, 4, and 5 dominated by transverse series of

greatly enlarged dimpled punctures, those on tergum 3

in a single wavy row across middle. Sternum 5 without lateral denticles.

Length 8.5 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

6. Tiphia (Tiphia) ripaliwinae, new species

FIGURE 5

T. ripaliwinae belongs to a small group of commonplace species described from the male in which the

first tergum does not have a transverse carina and is

not abnormally elongate, the intermediate terga do

not have greatly enlarged and dimpled punctures. It

runs in the key to the couplet with narinensis which

has an elongated first tergum. It has been described

from the type and one paratype collected on the same

date at "Ripaliwini," Surinam.

HOLOTYPE.— c? ; "Ripaliwini," South Surinam, 9-

VI-1962 (P. H. Doesburg, Jr.) (RNH).

MALE.—Front with punctures on lower third of

first-degree density, with several interspaces on upper

front wider than an ocellus; secondaries confined to

lower third. Head width 2.3 times as great as least distance between eyes (2 measured were 2.3, 2.3). Cheek

narrower than antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with a sharp, high, transverse carina, its bordering sulcus with only short, obscure cross

ridges near humeral angle; punctures of moderate

size but sparse and generally separated by much more

than their average diameter. Lateral pronotum with a

short crescent-shaped groove on disc. Mesopleuron on

a broad outer area with punctures very small and separated by several times their average diameter, without

secondaries; subtegular patch of dense microsetae not

quite as wide as tegula. Legs black except fore tarsi

and inside face of fore tibia. Inner face of hind tibia

with long, sharp carina. Tegula glossy, without groove

on outer margin; forewing slightly infumate, radial

cell greatly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension. Sectors of second cubital cell in terms of inner

sector (itob) are 10: 25: 19: 14 (mean of 2).

Dorsal propodeum with its lateral discs relatively

smooth and polished; areola with concave and convergent sides, less than 2 times as long as apical width,

median carina linear and complete. Tergum 1 (Figure

5) without anterior transverse carina; not longer than

wide, dorsum with numerous widely separated punctures, preapical band a single row of coarse, shallow,

contiguous punctures slightly impressed and separated

from apex by scarcely more than an average puncture

diameter. Terga not shagreened; punctures of more

than average size, and on terga 3, 4, 5, and 6 uniformly distributed and generally of first-degree density. Sternum 5 without lateral denticle.

Length 5.2 to 5.8 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.—1; same data as holotype (RNH).

7. Tiphia (Tiphia) narinensis, new species

FIGURE 6

T. narinensis has been described from the holotype

and 2 paratype males taken at the same date and locality in southern Colombia. It runs in the key to the

same couplet with T. ripaliwinae to which it seems to

be related. However, T. narinensis has a much elongated first tergum, and much finer punctures on the
10

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

intermediate terga, with broadly shagreened areas on

the abdomen not present on T. ripaliwinae.

HOLOTYPE.— <$ ; 15 miles south of La Union, Narina, Colombia, 2,150 m, 4-III-1955 (E. I. Schlinger

andE. S.Ross) (CAS).

MALE.—Front with punctures of first-degree density

on lower third and bordering eyes but much more

widely separated in middle of upper front where there

are several interspaces as wide as an ocellus. Head

width 2.2 times least distance between eyes. Cheek

narrower than an antennal fossa. Mandible without

denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with a sharp-crested transverse

carina bordered by a narrow and sometimes an obscurely irregular scalariform sulcus; punctures unusually small, generally separated by three or more

times their average diameter. Side of pronotum dished

but without well-defined escarpment across its disc.

Mesopleuron on anterior slope glossy with sparse, very

primary punctures separated nearly everywhere by

several times their average diameter, with sparse minute secondaries on upper part. Inner face of fore

tibia bright orange. Hind tibia usually with narrow

ridge extending almost to friction plate. Tegula not

shagreened and without groove on outer margin. Forewing with radial cell greatly exceeding second cubital

cell in lateral extension. Sectors of second cubital cell

in terms of inner sector (itob) are 10:31:20:23

(average of 3).

Dorsal propodeum devoid of strong sculpturing;

areola rectangular to slightly tapered, at least twice as

long as apical width; lateral propodeum on lower part

entirely coarsely shagreened. Tergum 1 (Figure 6)

unusually elongate, more than 1.4 times as long as

wide; without transverse carina; preapical band not

impressed, consisting of coarse punctures more or

less coalesced and 1 to 2 punctures wide. Terga with

punctures exceptionally fine, sparse, and separated by

much more than their average diameter; tergum 6

shagreened. Sternum 5 without lateral denticle.

Length 5.7 to 7.3 mm.

FEMALE. — Unknown.

PARATYPES. — 2; same data as holotype.

8. Tiphia (Tiphia) paupi Allen and Krombein

FIGURE 44

Tiphia paupi Allen and Krombein, 1961:62.—Allen 1970:

263.

A single specimen in the California Academy of

Sciences taken 17 miles west of Sevilla, Colombia,

7-III-1955 by E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross appears

definitely conspecific with the type specimen from

Haiti. The unusual character of the species is the presence of a very short radial cell, the apex of which

slopes strongly inward toward the costal margin. This

species is coupled in the key with T. rossi, an entirely

unrelated species. The descriptive notes below are

taken principally from the original description.

HOLOTYPE.— o* ; Port au Prince, Haiti, 21-XI1927 (USNM).

MALE. — Front, except for a median vitta, with

coarse, contiguous primary punctures to near level of

lowest ocellus; upper half without many secondaries.

Cheek scarcely masked with its vestiture of short hairs;

slightly wider than antennal fossa. Mandibles without

preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with its carina complete and

moderately high. Lateral pronotum when viewed from

in front with a poorly defined groove on its disc. Mesopleuron on its outer disc with primary punctures of

third-degree density, and secondaries slightly more

numerous than primaries. Legs black. Hind tibia with

a prominent naked carina extending entire length

of inner face. Hind basitarsus with microscopic longitudinal ridge on basal half of inner face. Tegula not

shagreened, without groove on outer margin. Radial

cell of forewing (Figure 44) in lateral extension much

exceeded by second cubital cell, its apex directed

strongly inward toward costal margin.

First tergum without trace of anterior transverse

carina; preapical band a single straight row of punctures moderately impressed. Second sternum without

trace of an anteromedian callosity. Fifth sternum without lateral denticle.

Length 7 mm.

FEMALE.— Unknown.

9. Tiphia (Tiphia) geijskesi, new species

This is one of the few species described from South

America in which a satisfactory series of both sexes is

available. The females were all taken in a Malaise

trap at the same locality as the males and there is

some resemblance in structure, particularly the tegula

and the lateral pronotum. This species closely resembles T. veracruzae from Mexico. However, the antennal flagellum of the male is somewhat longer (in
NUMBER 1 1 3 11

T. veracruzae the range is from 0.99 to 1.14 times the

head width), and the propodeal areola of the female

is usually more slender with its middle carina only

moderately expanded or linear. The fine rugulae on

the apical half of the female pygidium, also found in

T. veracruzae, is unusual in American species of Tiphia. The female differs from T. wosana, in which there

is no narrow groove on the lateral pronotum, and the

upper border of the hind tibia is not arched.

HOLOTYPE. — cf ;"Zanderij Savanna," Surinam,

Malaise trap, 27/30-VII-1964 (D. C. Geijskes)

(RNH).

MALE. — Front with punctures of first-degree density except on an upper median area about as large

as ocellar triangle; secondaries, confined to lower half.

Antennal flagellum 1.23 times as long as head width

(3 measured were 1.25, 1.24, 1.20). Head width 2.0

times least distance between eyes (5 measured were

1.9, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0). Cheek wider than antennal

fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsum of pronotum with complete, sharp-crested

transverse carina; bordering sulcus with only a few

obscure cross ridges at humeral angle. Lateral pronotum with anterior process sharp-crested to ventral

angle; a conspicuous groove across middle disc. Mesopleuron on outer disc with small primary punctures

separated in most directions by more than their average diameters; minute interspersed secondaries abundant on upper half; subtegular area with patch of

dense microsetae as wide as tegula. Legs, except fore

and mid tarsi and inside of fore tibia black. Hind

tibia sometimes moderately ridged on inner face, with

an elongate linear sensorium about half as long as

joint. Tegula with outer and posterior margins roundly right-angled with a fine marginal groove about

outer apical angle. Forewing with radial cell equal

to second cubital cell in lateral extension; sectors of

second cubital cell in terms of inner sector (itob) are

10:20:16:20.

Dorsal propodeum with area outside areola chiefly

very faintly shagreened; areola keystone-shaped usually one-fourth longer than basal width and one

and one-half times apical width, median carina usually

reduced to knob or short triangle. Tergum 1 without

anterior transverse carina; preapical band a single irregular row of slightly impressed punctures most of

which are separated by less than their average diameter, band separated from apex by about 4 times

diameter of largest punctures. Intermediate terga

with moderate-sized punctures, relatively uniform in

size and distribution. Sternum 5 without lateral denticle.

Length 6.5 to 8.5 mm.

ALLOTYPE.— $ ; same locality as holotype, Malaise trap, 10/13-VIII-1964 (D. C. Geijskes) (RNH).

FEMALE. — Coarse primary punctures of first- or

second-degree density over entire front to level of

lowest ocellus except for a narrow median vitta. Mandible uniformly tapered to a sharp point.

Dorsal pronotum with a weakly developed transverse carina usually interrupted at middle; punctate

part with coarse primaries rather uniformly distributed and of first-degree density except on lateral

discal areas. Lateral pronotum free of coarse sculpturing except for small punctures bordering anterior

process, and a narrow, linear groove across middle

disc. Mesopleuron on outer disc with numerous coarse

primary punctures largely of first- or second-degree

density and a very few coarse secondaries; subtegular

area with patch of microsetae much wider than tegula.

Scutum with anteromedian escarpment and notauli

usually connected. Legs black except middle and hind

tibiae which are faintly rufous. Hind tibia with sensorium flush with surrounding area; inner face not

carinate, or angular in cross section, upper margin

strongly arched. Hind basitarsus with deep groove

scarcely longer than apical width of joint. Tegula

with outer and posterior borders roundly right-angled;

with a fine marginal groove about apical angle; without shagreening. Forewing only slightly infuscate;

radius without spur either on its first section or at

its terminus; stigma slender, separated by not more

than its length from basal vein.

Dorsal propodeum obscurely shagreened with

sparse, faint minute punctures; areola slightly convergent apically, more abruptly so near base, about two

and one-half times as long as apical width. Lateral

propodeum on upper part with rugulae rather fine

but not numerous or closely spaced, often obsolescent

on caudal third; lower part with almost no microsetae. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina;

preapical band not impressed, consisting of an irregular series about two punctures wide. Intermediate

terga without encircling escarpments; with punctures

relatively uniform in size and distribution except for

small, nearly impunctate areas on terga 3 and 4.

Pygidium with rugose punctate part of basal three-
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

fifths continued apically to near tip as fine, close

rugulae.

Length 8.2 to 11.3 mm.

PARATYPES. — 41 cf d, 8 $ ? , at same locality as

holotype, at different dates, mid-July to early September 1964, Malaise trap (D. C. Geijskes) (RNH).

1 d"; same locality as holotype, 22-XI-1964 (D. C.

Geijskes) (RNH). 1 d ; Valencia, Venezuela, November 1929 (H. T. Osborn) (USNM). 1 d; Caracas, Venezuela, No. 6127 (S. Moritz) (ZMB). 1 <$ ;

Colombia No. 6128 (Moritz) (ZMB).

10. Tiphia (Tiphia) boxi, new species

FIGURES 7, 45

T. boxi belongs to a small group in which the males

have such undistinguished characters as the first tergum without an anterior transverse carina, a radial

cell at most only slightly exceeded by the second cubital cell, the absence of a lateral denticle on the fifth

sternum and an orbicular tegula. It does have a

groove on the outer margin of the tegula which brings

it in the key to the same couplet as T. geijskesi, but

the shape of the tegula differs. This species is known

only from the holotype and one paratype taken at

the same locality.

HOLOTYPE. — <$ ; La Vega, near Caracas, Venezuela, 27-1-1927 (H. E. Box) (USNM).

MALE.—Front with primary punctures of first-degree density except for a narrow interspace on median

line and another interspace below lowest ocellus, numerous secondaries on lower half. Head width 1.9

times least distance between eyes. (2 measured were

1.9, 2.0). Cheek wider than antennal fossa. Mandible

without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with a high transverse carina conspicuously buttressed its entire length with short

cross ridges; punctures in most areas of punctate part

of moderate size and of first-degree density. Lateral

pronotum with an obscure crescent-shaped escarpment. Mesopleuron on anterior slope broadly bipunctate with secondaries large and more numerous

than primaries. Inner face of fore tibia and much

of tarsal surface yellowish. Hind tibia with a broad

naked strijx? on inner face, within which (under high

|x>wcr) sensorium is visible as a threadlike streak.

Tcpula orbicular, not shagrccned; with a fine groove

about outer apical angle. Forewing (Figure 45) with

hyaline membrane; radial cell short and equal to or

only slightly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral

extension; sectors of second cubital cell in terms of

inner sector (itob) are 10:24:17:24.

Dorsal propodeum (Figure 7) on its discs with a

broad area of fine reticulum resembling fish scales;

areola keystone-shaped, about one and one-half times

as long as apical width, median carina a raised triangle

on basal third. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse

carina; preapical band a single row of coarse, closely

adjacent punctures, not impressed. Intermediate terga

with sparse, median-sized punctures exceptionally uniform in size and distribution. Sternum 5 without

lateral denticle.

Length 5.8 to 6.1 mm.

FEMALE. — Unknown.

PARATYPE. — 1; same data as holotype except collected on 28-1-1927 (USNM).

11. Tiphia (Tiphia) savanna, new species

FIGURE 8

This species is characterized by the unusual feature

of encircling escarpments on the anterior part of the

intermediate terga, which in the male are so much

elevated that they serve to lift conspicuously the apices

of the preceding segments. This character also occurs

in T. insueta, and in T. vincenta from Southern

Brazil, but unlike the latter two, the male of T. savanna has no lateral U-shaped escarpments nor lateral denticles on the sterna. In the female the transverse escarpment of the intermediate terga are present only as a

slight incision which may be completely concealed when

the segments are telescoped. The female does not deviate in any significant way from other species of Tiphia, hence I see no valid reason to consider the species a

representative of a new genus. All the spcimens enumerated are from Surinam, and all but one from the

collection of the Rijksmuseum. Paratypes have been

deposited at the United States National Museum and

the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

HOLOTYPE. — cf ; "Zanderij Savanne," 27/30-VII1964, Malaise trap (D. C. Geijskes).

MALE. — Front with punctures on upper third of

second- and third-degree density with numerous interspersed minutes. Head width 2.3 times least distance between eyes (five measured were 2.3, 2.3, 2.3,

2.4, 2.1). Cheek narrower than antennal fossa. Eye

frequently mottled, sometimes faintly iridescent. Mandible without preapical cusp.
NUMBER 1 1 3 13

IV

13

FIGURES 8—13.—8, Male of Tiphia savanna, new species, from "Zanderij Savanne," Surinam,

showing elevated anterior escarpments of intermediate sterna. 9-10, male of Tiphia insueta, new

species, from Paramaribo, Surinam: 9, dorsal pronotum; 10, section of sternal area showing

U-shaped escarpments and lateral denticle. 11, male of Tiphia rossi, new species, from near

Fresno, Tolima, Colombia, showing denticle on sternum 5. 12-13, male of Tiphia ramara, new

species, from Paramaribo, Surinam: 12, dorsal pronotum showing heavily buttressed transverse

carina; 13, section of intermediate terga. (a«=anterior escarpment, jrf=sternal denticle,

seasternal escarpment.)
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Dorsal pronotum with strong, complete transverse

carina; bordering sulcus free of cross ridges. Side of

pronotum usually with weak rugulae in ventral corner

and sometimes a poorly defined escarpment across its

middle disc. Mesopleuron on outer disc with moderatesized primary punctures of third-degree density and

with minute secondaries more numerous than primaries; subtegular patch of dense microsetae as wide

as tegula. Legs except tarsi usually black. Hind tibia

with ridge on inner face complete to friction plate,

sensorium oval or short clavate. Tegula without groove

on outer margin. Forewing with radial cell slightly

exceeding cubital cell in lateral extension; sectors of

second cubital cell in terms of inner sector (itob) are

10:29:20:27 (mean of 2).

Dorsal propodeum outside areola only faintly sculptured; areola strongly tapered, its length slightly exceeding basal width but about one and one-half times

apical width, median carina triangular. Tergum 1

usually with a weak transverse carina; dorsal area almost devoid of punctures; preapical band a single irregular row of impressed punctures most of which

are separated from each other by less than, and from

apex by slightly more than, their average diameter.

Intermediate terga (Figure 8) largely polished impunctate with several greatly enlarged punctures near

apices; anterior part at point of articulation with

preceding segment conspicuously elevated by an escarpment. Sterna laterally without inverted U-shaped

escarpments. Fifth sternum without lateral denticle.

Length 5.2 to 8.2 mm.

ALLOTYPE.— 9 ; "Zanderij Savanne," 2/6-VIII1964, Malaise trap (D. C. Geijskes).

FEMALE. — Front with deep, coarse punctures, on

upper one-third largely of second-degree density and

of varying sizes without interspaces wider than an

ocellus. Mandible smoothly tapered without preapical

denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with a low, irregular carina sometimes complete over middle section. Lateral pronotum

with conspicuous rugulae in ventral corner bordered

above by prominent discal escarpment. Mesopleuron

on outer disc with medium-sized punctures of thirddegree density interspersed with about an equal number of very large secondaries; subtegular patch of

dense microsetae wider than tegula and terminating

abruptly above prepectal angle. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment not connected with notaulices.

Legs black. Hind femur of above average stoutness.

Hind tibia in cross section slightly angulate on inner

face, with upper margin not strongly arched. Hind

basitarsus grooved. Tegula broadly and conspicuously

shagreened; without groove on outer margin. Forewing with stigma separated by at least its length from

basal vein; radius without backward directed spur

on first section, or terminal spur.

Dorsal propodeum without conspicuous sculpturing;

areola nearly rectangular, about two and one-half

times as long as wide. Lateral propodeum on upper

part with many rugulae, very closely spaced; on lower

part with dense, brushlike micropile confined to narrow border of metacoxal cavity. Tergum 1 without

anterior transverse carina. Terga 3 and 4 broadly polished impunctate anteriorly, with a band of coarse

punctures widely separated from posterior border;

with a faint escarpment encircling anterior part. Pygidium closely elongate puncture on basal half; impunctate half wrinkled and faintly shagreened to near

apex.

Length 9 to 12 mm.

PARATYPES.— 15 d d ', "Zanderij Savanne," 21-

VII to 16-VIII-1964, Malaise trap (D. C. Geijskes)

(RNH). 2 dd; Paramaribo, "Fernandes Rd.," 28-

VII-1963 (D. C. Geijskes) (RNH). 2 d d; Paramaribo, "Charlesburg," 10/21-1-1964, Malaise trap

(D. C. Geijskes) (RNH). 1 d ; Paramaribo, "Blauwgrond," 27-IV-1963, on Belicocca bijuga (J. v.d.

Vecht) (RNH). 1 <S; Paramaribo, "Cultuurtuin,"

28-VII-1963 (J. v.d. Vecht) (RNH). 1 ? ; Paramaribo, "Cultuurtuin," 2-VII-1963 (J. v.d. Vecht)

(RNH). 2?° ; Paramaribo, "Charlesburg," 15-V1963, Malaise trap (J. v.d. Vecht) (RNH). 1 ? ;

Meerzog, 15-V-1963 (J. v.d. Vecht, P. H. v. Doesburg, Jr.) (RNH). 3 d1

 d ; 8 km east of Meerzog, 15-

V-1963 (J. v.d. Vecht) (RNH). 3 9$ ; "Zanderij"

kreekbos, 22-VI to 14-VII, 1964, Malaise trap (D. C.

Geijskes) (RNH). 1 tf ; Paramaribo, Surinam, 28-1-

1920 (Bollow) (ZMB).

12. Tiphia (Tiphia) intermedia Malloch

Tiphia intermedia Malloch, 1918:21 (for more complete list

of references see Allen 1966b: 302).

The descriptive notes below are based on male specimens in the United States National Museum. They

were identified from the following localities; Aguadulce, Panama; Chiriqui, Panama; "El Consejo,"

near Victoria, Venezuela; Puerto Cabello, Caracas,
NUMBER 1 1 3 15

Venezuela; San Esteban, Venezuela. It seems unlikely

that a small species of Tiphia supposedly restricted to

only a few Phyllophaga hosts would occur from southeastern Canada to northern South America. However,

I am unable to separate the South American specimens from the common species of the eastern United

States.

MALE. — Head with punctures of uniform firstdegree density on lower half, of second- or thirddegree on upper half. Cheek slightly wider than an

antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with a strong transverse carina;

bordering sulcus with inconspicuous, short cross ridges

at humeral angle. Lateral pronotum without groove

or escarpment across its middle disc. Mesopleuron on

its anterior aspect with only moderate numbers of

small punctures usually separated by at least their

average diameter, and fine secondaries more numerous

than the primaries, at least on upper half. Hind coxa

usually with ridge between inner and lower faces.

Hind tibia on inner face strongly ridged. Tegula polished, outer margin orbicular, without marginal

groove. Forewing slightly infumated; radial cell equal

to second cubital cell in lateral extension. Dorsal propodeum with lateral discs without strong sculpturing.

Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina; preapical band a single row of deeply impressed punctures. Intermediate terga with moderate-sized punctures fairly evenly distributed, the posterior ones

moderately enlarged; apices with a faint microscopic

groove. Sternum 5 without lateral denticle.

Length 5.6 to 6.9 mm.

13. Tiphia (Tiphia) instteta, new species

FIGURES 9, 10

7 . insueta is an unusual species described from the

male. The radial cell moderately exceeds the second

cubital cell in lateral extension, the first tergum has

an anterior transverse carina, and terga 3 and 4 each

has a high escarpment encircling the anterior part.

These characters associate it in the key with T. savanna. It differs from T. savanna in possessing peculiar

lateral, inverted U-shaped escarpments on the abdominal sterna and in other characters. It is apparently

much more closely related to T. vincenta described

from Sao Vincent in southern Brazil, which also possesses the peculiar inverted U-shaped escarpments of

the abdominal sterna and a strong lateral denticle on

sternum 5. T. insueta differs from T. vincenta in lacking the peculiar infolded escarpment terminating the

first tergum.

HOLOTYPE. — c? ; Paramaribo, "Clevia," Surinam,

23-V-1963 (J. v.d. Vecht) (RNH).

MALE. — Front with punctures of close first-degree

density on lower half and along eye orbits to level of

lower ocellus, much sparser in middle area of upper

front but without interspaces as wide as an ocellus;

secondary punctures confined to lower half. Head

width 2.0 (3 measured were 2.0, 2.0, 2.0) times least

distance between eyes. Cheek slightly wider than an

antennal fossa. Mandible with a strong preapical

denticle.

Dorsal pronotum (Figure 9) with an exceptionally

high transverse carina buttressed over entire length

by many long, high ridges. Lateral pronotum with

high, sharp-crested anterior process; disc dominated

by a polished lunate depression limited on ventral side

by an arclike escarpment. Mesopleuron on outer slope

with moderate-sized primary punctures of third-degree density interspersed with secondaries that are

slightly more numerous than the primaries; without

subtegular patch of microsetae. Legs largely black.

Hind tibia on inner face strongly carinate. Tegula

glossy, without shagreening or groove on outer margin.

Forewing strongly infuscate; apical extension of radial

cell moderately exceeds that of second cubital cell;

sectors of second cubital cell in terms of inner sector

(itob) are 10:26:16:24.

Dorsal propodeum with lateral areas slightly reticulate with enclosing carinae strongly buttressed; areola

rectangular, about one and one-fourth times as long

as wide, with complete, slenderly triangular median

carina. Lateral propodeum on upper part with very

strong, widely spaced rugulae. Tergum 1 with a high,

regular transverse carina buttressed its entire length

caudally by scalariform rugulae; preapical band not

impressed, rather poorly defined from other dorsal

punctures, 1 to 2 punctures wide, punctures mediumsized, irregularly placed, without terminal infolded escarpment. Terga 2 to 5 elevated terminally above the

succeeding tergum; punctures of these terga extremely

small and widely scattered, the terminal ones of each

tergum scarcely extending beyond the middle. Sterna

3, 4, and 5 (Figure 10) with inverted U-shaped escarpment. Sternum 5 with an appressed polished denticle.

Length 6.5 to 7.3 mm.
16

FEMALE. — Unknown.

PARATYPES. — Both same locality as holotype. 1;

23-V-1963 (P. H. v. Doesburg, Jr.) (RNH). 1; 1-V1963 (v.d. Vecht) (RNH).

14. Tiphia (Tiphia) rossi, new species

FIGURES 11, 46

T. rossi is a large, slender species with black wings. It

differs from most species of the northern South American countries in having a short radial cell not exceeding the second cubital cell in lateral extension. In the

key it runs to the couplet with T. insueta from which

it differs in having black wings and in lacking the

peculiar inverted U-shaped escarpments on the intermediate sterna.

HOLOTYPE. — o" 5 14 miles west of Fresno, Tolima,

Colombia, 2,330 m, 16-111-1955 (E. I. Schlinger and

E. S. Ross) (CAS).

MALE. — Entire front and vertex with coarse, uniform-sized, closely contiguous punctures; minutes

abundant on lower half. Head width 1.8 least distance

between eyes (3 measured were 1.7, 1.8, 1.8). Cheek

wider than an antennal fossa. Mandible with a poorly

defined preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with sharp-crested transverse carina, bordered by deep sulcus completely scalariform

from side to side; punctures coarse and deep, generally contiguous. Lateral pronotum with short, obscure

rugulae in eschelon across middle disc. Mesopleuron

with punctures on anterior slope coarse, generally of

first-degree density, tending to short rows, sometimes

with minute secondaries nearly as numerous as primaries; subtegular patch of dense micropunctures

lacking. Legs entirely black and very slender. Hind

tibia 4.2 times as long as greatest width; without

ridge on inner face; sensorium in a conspicuous, sunken, clavate groove about half as long as joint. Forewing (Figure 46) iridescent black with black veins;

radial cell scarcely equaling second cubital cell in

lateral extension; radius with bend and rudimentary

spur two-fifths distance from stigma to intercubitus;

second cubital cell much elongated, its sectors in relation to inner sector (itob) are 10:35:21:36.

Dorsal propodeum lateral to areola obscurely fine

rugulae and coarse punctate; areola wider at apex

than at base, with concave sides, and about twice as

long as wide. Lateral propodeum with rugulae on

upper part closely spaced and relatively weak meSMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

dially; lower part with long, erect microsetae on

anterior three-fourths, and sparsely coarse punctate.

First abdominal segment unusually elongate, as measured laterally, 1.3 times as long as wide. Tergum 1

with smooth, well-defined transverse carina; preapical

band not impressed nor sharply defined, in middle

1 to 2 punctures wide, the punctures coarse and separated by less than their average diameter. Sternum 2

with conspicuous, keel-like callosity. Intermediate terga with moderately coarse punctures varying greatly

in size, some on tergum 3 moderately enlarged and

dimpled. Sternum 5 (Figure 11) with a very small,

spinelike lateral denticle.

Length 9.8 to 11.7 mm.

FEMALE. — Unknown.

PARATYPES. — 2; same data as holotype (CAS).

15. Tiphia (Tiphia) bogota, new species

T. bogota has been described from a single male specimen from Bogata, Colombia. It runs in the key to the

couplet with T. savanna from Surinam. It differs from

that species in lacking iridescent eyes, or numerous

minute punctures on the front or mesopleuron, and

in having less conspicuous escarpments encircling the

anterior parts of the intermediate terga.

HOLOTYPE.— <S ; Bogota (S. Lindig) no. 19898

(ZMB).

Head with very coarse punctures, contiguous on

lower half, of first- or second-degree density on upper

half, without interspaces as wide as an ocellus; secondaries absent. Eye mottled but not iridescent. Head

width 2.3 times least distance between eyes. Cheek narrower than antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with strong transverse carina bordered by narrow sulcus and buttressed its entire length

by short cross ridges. Lateral pronotum without groove

across its disc. Mesopleuron on outer disc with medium-sized primary punctures generally of third-degree

density although in some places separated by distances less than an average puncture diameter; with

secondaries minute and much less numerous than

primaries. Legs black. Hind tibia on inner face with

a high carina for its entire length; sensorium very

small, elongate oval. Tegula broadly shagreened; without groove on outer margin. Forewing with radial

cell greatly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral
NUMBER 1 1 3 17

extension; sectors of second cubital cell in terms of

inner sector (itob) are 10:28:18:27.

Dorsal propodeum shining and irregularly reticulate; areola keystone-shaped, only slightly longer than

apical width. Tergum 1 with anterior transverse carina

rudimentary, represented by 2 short, puncture-bordered escarpments broadly separated medially; preapical band a single row of coarse contiguous punctures without a bordering anterior escarpment. Intermediate terga each with an anterior encircling escarpment only moderately elevated; punctures coarse

but not greatly enlarged. Sternum 5 without lateral

denticles.

Length 10.4 mm.

FEMALE. — Unknown.

16. Tiphia (Tiphia) ramara, new species

FIGURES 12, 13

Described from a single female from which the abdomen became detached while in the author's possession. It has several characters not commonly encountered in South American Tiphia. These include

the bright red legs, the enormously strong pronotal

carina with the long, strong buttressing ridges, and the

very coarse punctures of the mesopleuron.

HOLOTYPE. — cT; Paramaribo, "Ma Retraite,"

1964, Malaise trap (D. C. Geijskes) (RNH).

MALE. — Front on lower half and along eyes to

level of ocellar triangle with very coarse, shallow, contiguous punctures, on upper half medially largely of

second-degree density without interspaces as wide as

an ocellus; without secondaries. Head width 2.4 times

least distance between eyes. Cheek narrower than antennal fossa. Clypeal extension strongly bidentate.

Mandible with obscure preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum (Figure 12) with an exceptionally high transverse carina buttressed by many long high

ridges which extend in medium section halfway to

posterior margin; punctures absent medially. Side of

pronotum with anterior process exceptionally high

and sharp crested; without groove across disc. Mesopleuron on anterior slope with its punctures closely

contiguous and exceptionally large without secondaries. Legs from coxae to tips of tarsi brightly rufous.

Tibia on inner face with narrow, naked carina. Tegula

glossy, without groove on outer apical margin. Forewing with radial cell greatly exceeding second cubital

cell in lateral extension; sectors of second cubital cell

in terms of inner sector (itob) are 10:26:18:19.

Dorsal propodeum with lateral discs coarsely reticulate ; areola with convergent, slightly concave sides, its

length equal to basal width and slightly exceeding

apical width. Tergum 1 with a strong regular transverse carina obscurely buttressed; preapical band a

single row of very coarse contiguous punctures, impressed only on anterior margin. Terga 3, 4, and 5

(Figure 13) each with several large, dimpled punctures mixed with much more numerous smaller ones.

Sternum 5 without preapical denticle.

Length 5.0 mm.

FEMALE. — Unknown.

17. Tiphia (Tiphia) pacozo Allen

FIGURE 47

Tiphia pacozo Allen, 1964:1.—Allen 1971 (complete).

Tiphia williamsi Allen, 1965:77.—Allen 1971 (complete).

This species, known only from the male, has been

identified from as far north as Durango, Mexico, the

Panama Canal Zone, Venezuela, and Colombia. In

Colombia it was taken at altitudes ranging from 920

to 1,630 meters. Its principal diagnostic characters

are a cheek much narrower than an antennal fossa, a

radial cell much exceeding the second cubital cell in

lateral extension, a well-developed transverse carina

on the first tergum, and no escarpment encircling the

anterior part of the intermediate terga. In the key it

runs to the couplet with T. ramara from which it is

distinguished by having a dorsal pronotum having

only a moderately strong carina with short buttressing

ridges back of which there are numerous punctures. In

addition to the holotypes, there are numerous paratypes from the Panama Canal Zone.

HOLOTYPE. — <$ ; Barro Colorado, Canal Zone,

Panama, 16-VI-1956 (C. W. and M. E. Rettenmyer)

(USNM).

MALE. — Head width 2.3 times least distance between eyes. Cheek not wider than an antennal fossa.

Transverse carina of pronotum not heavily buttressed.

Hind tibia on inside with high, narrow carina. Tegula

without well-developed groove on lateral margin.

Forewing (Figure 47) with radial cell greatly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension. Tergum 1

with an obscure, crooked transverse carina flanked

with coarse, shallow punctures. Terga 2 to 4 not

abruptly elevated at junction with succeeding tergum;
18

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

with enlarged middle punctures much larger than

those in front and behind. Fifth sternum without lateral denticle. Length 6.9 to 11 mm.

This species has also been identified from the following South American localities: COLOMBIA: Bogota

(ZMB); near Cali (CAS); "Fusagasuga," Cundinamasca (USNM); "La Sierra" (USNM) ; 32 miles

north of Pasto, Narino (CAS); near Villavicencio

(CAS). VENEZUELA: Caracas (USNM) ; "La Vega,"

near Caracas (USNM).

18. Tiphia (Tiphia) vandervechti, new species

T. vandervechti is one of several metallic-colored species of Tiphia described from Northern South America or the Amazon Valley. These species have no structural characters alien to Tiphia and do not seem closely related to each other. They are very rare in collections. T. vandervechti is known only from the holotype

specimen. It differs from T. caerulea, also from northern South America, in having a much elongated tegula. It resembles T. chalybea of the Amazon Valley

in having a much elongated tegula, but differs from

that species in having only a rudimentary transverse

carina of the dorsal pronotum, and in having a distinct

anteromedian escarpment on the scutum.

HOLOTYPE.— °. ;"Raleigh Falls," Coppename River,

Surinam, 17-V-1963 (E. v.d. Vecht) (RNH).

FEMALE.—Body entirely metallic dark green.

Front with irregularly coalesced punctures on lower

third and in a row along inner eye orbits; medially on

upper front with an irregularly distributed cluster of

15 exceptionally large punctures and several large

secondaries; with 2 interspaces as wide as an ocellus.

Antennal flagellum uniformly brown. Mandible with

a conspicuous, sharply pointed preapical denticle.

Mouth parts typical of Tiphia.

Dorsal pronotum with very coarse primary punctures, medially confined to anterior two-fifths, transverse carina present except on a narrow median gap.

Lateral pronotum with a conspicuous, narrow groove

across middle disc. Scutum with short anteromedian

escarpment well-separated from notaulices, medially

with plaque of punctures of first-degree density. Mesopleuron on outer disc with large primary punctures

generally of third-degree density but with some rows

of second-degree, and with a few widely scattered

secondaries; subtegular area without dense microsetae.

Legs except tarsi dark metallic green. Tibia with a

strong ridge on inner face; sensorium ovoid, about

twice as long as wide and not more than a seventh

width of joint. Hind basitarsus not grooved. Tegula

about twice as long as wide with apical margin truncate; broadly but faintly shagreened. Fore and hind

wing black. Forewing with stigma separated by more

than its length from basal vein; radius with a conspicuous bend in its first section without backwarddirected spur; radial cell 4.0 times as long as wide.

Dorsal propodeum outside areola strongly sculptured with a combination of faint rugulae and punctures fading laterally to faint shagreening; areola less

than twice as long as apical width, with concave sides,

broader at apex than at base, with ladder-like rugulae

on each side of triangular median carina. Lateral propodeum on upper part with rugulae coarse and widely

separated; lower part with narrow belt of dense microsetae on ventral border. Tergum 1 with a smooth,

regular transverse carina not bordered with punctures

or short ridges; preapical band an irregular belt of

coarse punctures, not impressed and one or two punctures wide. Intermediate terga sparsely punctate with

very small punctures, the apical row on terga 3 and 4

separated from apices by 6 to 8 times diameter of

largest punctures. Sternum 2 with a perceptible anteromedian callosity. Pygidium finely punctate on

basal half; impunctate part glossy and almost free of

wrinkles or shagreening.

Length 12.5 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

19. Tiphia (Tiphia) caerulea, new species

T. caerulea has been described from the holotype

specimen, somewhat damaged, lacking tarsi of middle

and hind legs, and most of both antennae. It can be

distinguished at once from two other species of metallic-colored Tiphia from South America, since it has

short, obicular tegulae. It has been grouped in the

key with T. vandervechti because of the metallic body

color. Actually the two species do not appear to be

closely related. According to a letter from L. L.

Pechuman of Cornell University, Naiguata is a locality

in the Districto Federal, Venezuela.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; "Los Canales," Naiguata, D.F.,

Venezuela, "F 20 mts;" 24-VII-1939 (V. Berthier)

(CU).

FEMALE.—Body completely and uniformly dark

blue and with only short, sparse, inconspicuous hairs.
NUMBER 1 1 3 19

Front with punctures on lower half of well-separated first-degree density, sparser on upper half but

without interspaces wider than an ocellus. Clypeal extension definitely bidentate; lateral carina strongly

overhanging the lateral pit. Area ventral to oral openings deeply depressed. Mandible stout, very short, terminating almost on median line, without preapical

cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with transverse carina complete

with a sharp, regular crest; punctures uniformly distributed in a pattern of second-degree density. Lateral

pronotum with a well-defined escarpment across disc.

Scutum with median plaque of punctures of firstdegree density and anteromedian escarpment not connected with notaulices. Mesopleuron with coarse punctures largely of first-degree density on anterior slope;

subtegular patch of micropunctures narrower than

tegula. Hind tibia not inflated nor arched on upper

margin, angular in cross section with broadly triangular sensorium flush with surrounding area. Hind basitarsus missing. Tegula very faintly shagreened without

marginal grooves. Both wings deeply infumate. Forewing with radius sharply bent two-fifths distance to

intercubitus and terminating in long, outwardly directed spur; stigma separated by less than its length

from basal vein.

Dorsal propodeum with rectangular areola slightly

more than 3 times as long as wide. Lateral propodeum

with rugulae on upper part not numerous and widely

separated.

Tergum 1 with anterior transverse carina; dorsum

laterally with coarsely punctate areas; preapical band

reduced to an irregular line of about 8 punctures,

not impressed. Sternum 2 with perceptible anteromedian callosity. Intermediate terga with punctures

ranging in size from minutes to coarse, with the largest on tergum 3 shallow and dimpled. Pygidium punctate on basal half; apical half not wrinkled or shagreened.

Length 8.6 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

20. Tiphia (Tiphia) colotnbiana, new species

This is another South American Tiphia with a metallic-colored body. As with the other 3 described species,

there are no characters not occurring in other Tiphia.

Oddly, none of the 4 appear closely related. T. colombiana lacks the much elongated tegulae of T. vandervechti and T. chalybea, and the anterior transverse

carina of the first tergum found in the caerulea. It

attains nearly the maximum size for the genus Tiphia

of over 20 millimeters.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; Bogota (S. Lindig) (ZMB).

FEMALE.—Body and legs uniformly metallic blue.

Entire front and vertex set with coarse, closely contiguous punctures. Antennal flagellum slender, first

3 joints 3.3 times as long as wide. Glypeus with its

median extension scarcely wider than an antennal

fossa; lateral carina very long and sharply defined.

Mandible with a strong preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with a low, complete transverse

carina, not buttressed; punctures of first-degree density, and of uniform size and distribution. Lateral

pronotum with a poorly defined groove across its

disc. Scutum with its anteromedian escarpment not

connected with notaulices. Mesopleuron on anterior

slope uniformly set with coarse punctures of first-degree density, and an occasional secondary puncture;

no fine microsetae in subtegular area or on upper part

of posterior slope. Hind tibia on inner face sharply

carinate; sensorium broadly triangular and at least

a third as wide as joint. Hind basitarsus without

groove. Tegula only slightly longer than wide, without

groove on outer margin, very obscurely shagreened.

Forewing deeply infumate; stigma separated by more

than its length from basal vein; first section of radius

with backward directed spur, which is sometimes long

and sclerotized; radius without terminal spur.

Dorsal propodeum outside areola very faintly shagreened; areola with concave sides, apex as wide as

base, carinae very weak, length about two and onehalf times apical width. Lateral propodeum with

coarse rugulae, widely separated; lower part almost

free of fine microsetae. Tergum 1 without anterior

transverse carina; preapical band not impressed and

very poorly defined, in middle represented by only a

few fine, widely separated punctures. Intermediate

terga with numerous very fine punctures separated

into anterior and posterior concentrations; at apices

with a row of closely spaced micropunctures interrupted medially on terga 2 and 3. Pygidium finelypunctate on basal three fifths; apex not wrinkled and

entirely shagreened.

Length 16.9 to 20.5 mm.

MALE .—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—2; same data as holotype (ZMB). 1;

Colombia (Moritz) (ZMB).
20

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

21. Tiphia (Tiphia) huallaga, new species

The holotype of this species is from Peru. For detailed

description see Tiphia from the Peru-Equador-Bolivia

area. Paratypes are from Colombia and Venezuela.

22. Tiphia (Tiphia) wosuna, new species

T. wosuna is described from a single female. In the

key it runs to the same couplet as geijskesi. It differs

from the female of the latter in lacking a slender

groove across the disc of the lateral pronotum, or a

groove on the outer margin of the tegula, and the

upper margin of the hind tibia is not strongly arched.

It can be distinguished from specimens of savanna in

which the anterior encircling escarpments of the terga

are concealed, by the much finer, more numerous,

and uniform-sized puncturation of the abdominal

terga.

HOLOTYPE.— 9 ; Paramaribo, "Zorgen Hoop, Wasuna Terr.," Surinam, 1/5-II-1965 (D.C. Geijskes)

(RNH).

FEMALE.—Front with moderate-sized punctures of

first-degree density on lower third and irregularly on

median area almost to level of lowest ocellus, elsewhere of second-degree without interspaces as wide

as an ocellus. Mandible with rudimentary preapical

denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with a low, complete transverse

carina; with moderate-sized punctures denser in band

at apex of punctate part. Lateral pronotum without

groove across middle of disc; faint parallel rugulae

in ventral corner. Mesopleuron with subtegular patch

of dense microsetae as wide as tegula. Legs black.

Hind femur not unusually stout. Hind tibia with inner

face moderately carinate, upper border not arched,

with small oval sensorium flush with surrounding surface and scarcely one-seventh width of joint. Hind

basitarsus grooved. Tegula glossy without shagreening;

without groove about outer margin. Forewing moderately infumate; stigma separated by its length from

basal vein; radius without inwardly directed spur on

its first section and without terminal spur; radial cell

3.1 times as long as wide.

Dorsal projx>deum with lateral discs glossy with

extremely faint shagreening; areola slightly tapered,

its length about 2 times its apical width. Lateral propodrum with rugulae strong and on anterior half widely separated; lower part posteriorly with only short inconspicuous microsetae. Tergum without anterior

transverse carina; preapical band a single slightly impressed row of fine punctures; in middle separated by

slightly more than their average diameter. Intermediate terga with numerous medium-sized punctures

fairly uniformly distributed except for small, nearly

impunctate areas on terga 3 and 4. Pygidium closely

fine punctate on basal half; impunctate apex wrinkled

near punctate part but not shagreened.

Length 12.0 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

23. Tiphia (Tiphia) oblonga Smith

Tiphia oblonga Smith, 1879: 187.—Allen 1962: 70.

The holotype from Colombia in the British Museum,

originally described in 1879, and more fully redescribed by Allen in 1962, is the only identified representative of this species. Its most distinguishing character is the complete median carina on the posterior

aspect of the propodeum, not commonly occurring

among American species. Other distinguishing characters are the wide impunctate interspaces of the upper front, the ungrooved hind basitarsus, the elongate

radial cell of the forewing, the absence of an anterior

transverse carina on the first tergum and of enlarged

punctures on the intermediate terga.

FEMALE.—Front on upper half with several interspaces as wide as an ocellus. Mandible without preapical cusp. Dorsal pronotum with transverse carina

lacking over median third or more. Lateral pronotum

flat and without conspicuous sculpturing. Mesopleuron

on outer disc with primary punctures fine and of thirddegree density. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment not connected with notaulices. Legs black. Hind

tibia on inner face sharply carinate. Hind basitarsus

without groove. Tegula obscurely shagreened, without

marginal grooves. Forewing heavily infumate; radius

with a sharp bend in first section and terminating in

an outwardly directed spur; radial cell 4.1 times as

long as wide. Dorsal propodeum with its lateral discs

smooth; lateral sulcus well-developed, without an inside carina; areola rectangular, about three and onefourth times as long as apical width. Posterior aspect

of propodeum with a narrow, complete median carina.

Tergum 1 without transverse carina; dorsum with

only scattered inconspicuous punctures except the

preapical band which is a single row of very coarse,

deep punctures not impressed, and coalesced for only

a short distance in middle. Terga 3 and 4 with broad
NUMBER 1 1 3 21

impunctate areas; the impunctate apices are broad

ribbons more than twice diameter of an ocellus. Pygidium shallowly punctate on basal half; impunctate

apex wrinkled, and broadly shagreened to near tip.

Length 11.5 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

24. Tiphia (Tiphia) silvae, new species

Described from the holotype and one paratype female

taken from the same locality in Surinam. This species

shares most of the same characters with T. Surinam.

It differs from that species in having a more poorly

defined groove on the lateral pronotum, finer and

more closely spaced rugulae on the lateral propodeum,

and a somewhat denser and broader band of punctures

on the intermediate terga.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; Paramaribo, "Ma Retraite," swamp

forest, Malaise trap, 18/23-11-1964 (D.C. Geijskes)

(RNH).

FEMALE.—Front on lower third with moderatesized punctures of first-degree density; elsewhere more

widely dispersed, but without interspaces as wide as

an ocellus.

Dorsal pronotum without transverse carina except

obscurely at humeral angle; punctures more concentrated in band at apex of punctate part. Lateral pronotum with a poorly defined gash across middle disc.

Scutum with anteromedian escarpment and notaulices

sometimes connected. Mesopleuron on anterior face

with moderate-sized punctures of first- or seconddegree density; secondaries lacking; subtegular patch

of dense microsetae slightly narrower than tegula.

Legs black. Hind femur not exceptionally stout. Hind

tibia on inner face with strong carina and pyriform

sensorium flush with surrounding surface and about

one-seventh as wide as joint. Hind basitarsus without

groove. Tegula glossy, without shagreening or groove

on outer margin. Forewing densely infumate; stigma

separated by nearly its length from basal vein; radius

on first section without inwardly directed spur; with

an outwardly directed spur on terminal section; length

of radial cell 3.2 times its width.

Dorsal propodeum on lateral discs with sparse

minute punctures and very fine shagreening. Lateral

propodeum on upper part with extremely fine, closely spaced rugulae not sharply delimited from lower,

finely aciculate part; microsetae absent. Tergum 1

with low, regular transverse carina not flanked with

cross ridges or punctures. Intermediate terga without

anterior encircling escarpments; set with dense punctures of moderate and approximately uniform size and

distribution. Pygidium rugose punctate on basal threefifths, impunctate apex glossy and almost free of

wrinkles.

Length 8.7 to 11.3 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.—1; same locality as holotype, 20/22-1-

1964 Malaise trap (D. C. Geijskes) (RNH).

25. Tiphia (Tiphia) Surinam, new species

This species is distinguished from most other female

Tiphia from northern South America by the absence

of a basitarsal groove and the presence of a transverse

carina on the first tergum. A very distinctive character

which separates is at once from T. silvae, is the anterior

transverse escarpments of the intermediate terga. Unfortunately, this character is concealed by the preceding terga except in those specimens in which the

abdomen is fully extended. T. Surinam, is described

from the holotype and 3 paratype specimens from

Surinam.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; Paramaribo, "Clevia," Surinam,

23-V-1963 (J. v.d. Vecht) (RNH).

FEMALE.—Front with punctures of first-degree density on lower half, of third-degree on much of upper

half without interspaces wider than an ocellus. Clypeal

extension not broadly arcuate.

Dorsal pronotum without transverse carina; punctures fairly uniform in size and distribution. Lateral

pronotum with anterior process sharp-crested to ventral angle; with a broad, shining, well-defined groove

across middle disc. Mesopleuron with primary punctures principally of first-degree density; with a few

large secondaries; subtegular patch of dense microsetae

scarcely as wide as tegula. Scutum with anteromedian

escarpment usually not connected with notaulices.

Legs black. Hind femur at least twice as long as

greatest width. Hind tibia with inner face carinate to

friction plate; upper margin not arched; sensorium

pyriform, flush with surrounding surface, about onefourth as wide as joint. Hind basitarsus not grooved.

Tegula glossy, not shagreened, without groove on outer

margin. Forewing moderately infumated; stigma separated by distance equal to its own length from basal

vein; radius without trace of spur on first section but

terminating in an outwardly directed spur.
22

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Propodeum outside areola very faintly shagreened

with shallow, scattered minute punctures; areola

slightly tapered to rectangular, two and one-fourth to

two and one-half times as long as wide, middle carina

linear and almost complete. Lateral propodeum on

upper part with coarse, widely separated rugulae;

lower part on posterior half with patch of relatively

short, sparse microsetae. Tergum 1 with a low, regular

transverse carina not flanked with punctures or strong

cross ridges; preapical band in middle somewhat

irregular and about 2 punctures wide, not impressed.

Terga 3, 4, and 5 each with weak anterior transverse

escarpments, with punctures coarse, of nearly uniform

size, and generally of first-degree density; terga 2, 3,

and 4 terminating in broad, polished, impunctate ribbons. Pygidium on basal three-fifths closely rugose

punctate; impunctate apex faintly wrinkled and

shagreened; bristles very dark.

Length 8.5 to 9.4 mm.

MALE .—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—1; same data as holotype (RNH). 1;

same locality as type, l-V-1963 (P. H. V. Doesburg

Jr.) (RNH). 1; "Marcerburg," Surinam, 23-VI-1963

(J. v.d. Vecht) (RNH).

26. Tiphia (Tiphia) aguacatal, new species

This species known only from the holotype specimen. The absence of a hind basitarsal groove and of

a carina on the hind basitarsus limits this species to a

relatively small group. Its other oustanding characters

are the widely impunctate interspaces of the front, the

strong transverse carina of the dorsal pronotum, the

strong connection between the anteromedian escarpment and the notaulices of the scutum, and the fine

punctures of the mesopleuron and the abdominal

terga.

HOLOTYFE.— $ ; with the following information on

its labels: "Rio Aguacatal/Colomb. W. Codr./2000 m

/coll. Fassl." (ZMB).

FEMALE.—Front with a mixture of moderately

coarse punctures and large secondaries, principally of

third-degree density, with many interspaces wider than

an ocellus. Antennal flagellum with first 3 joints 3.3

times as long as wide. Mandible without preapical

cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with transverse carina complete

and regularly aligned, bordered by a shallow, very

narrow, and faintly crossridged sulcus. Primaries

chiefly of 2 sizes and concentrated in a transverse band,

anterior to which are wide impunctate areas. Lateral

pronotum with a narrow groove extending part way

across disc. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment and

notaulices strongly connected. Mesopleuron on anterior

face with only a very few primary punctures, and many

more secondaries, interspaces generally several times

diameter of the larger punctures; subtegular patch

of micropunctures about as wide as tegula. Legs black.

Hind leg stout. Hind tibia on inner face slightly

ridged; sensorium an equilateral triangle nearly onethird width of joint. Hind basitarsus not grooved.

Tegula broadly, but faintly shagreened; without

groove on outer margin. Forewing with stigma separated by slightly more than its length from basal vein;

radial cell without apical spur.

Dorsal propodeum very finely and faintly shagreened; areola slender, tapered, more than 4 times as long

as apical width. Lateral propodeum with strong but

numerous closely spaced rugulae; lower part with only

a few inconspicuous microsetae. Tergum 1 without

anterior transverse carina; punctures except for preapical band reduced to sparse, widely separated

minutes; preapical band not impressed on either border

and consisting of coarse, closely set primaries. Sternum

2 without anterior median callosity. Terga 3 and 4

with very small punctures grouped around broad

impunctate areas. Pygidium punctate on basal half;

impunctate part not wrinkled, shagreened almost to

apex.

Length 12.5 mm.

MALE .—Unknown.

27. Tiphia (Tiphia) bartica, new species

FIGURE 14

T. bartica has been described from the holotype female

and 2 female paratypes from British Guiana. The

species has few exceptional characters. It has no groove

on the hind basitarsus, no anterior transverse carina on

the first tergum, there are several impunctate spaces on

the upper front as wide as an ocellus and the rugulae

of lateral propodeum are numerous and closely spaced.

It differs from T. phedra in having rufous legs and

tegula, and in possessing much shorter, stouter legs.

HOLOTYPE.—Bartica, British Guiana, 17-V-1901

(ANSP).

FEMALE.—Front with punctures sparse, on upper

two-thirds of third- or second-degree density with

several interspaces wider than an ocellus.
NUMBER 1 1 3 23

FIGURES 14—19.—14, Female, leg of Tiphia bartica, new species, from Bartica, British Guiana.

15, female, leg of Tiphia phedra, new species, from Coppename River, Surinam. 16-17, female

of Tiphia huallaga, new species, from "Anduza" Venezuela: 16, scutum showing absence of anteromedian escarpment; 17, lateral propodeum showing punctures on lower part. 18, male of

Tiphia hodgesi, new species, from near Al'Oag Pichincha, Equador, showing elongated tergum 1.

19, male of Tiphia pallisteri, new species, from Moyobama, San Martin, Peru, showing heavily

buttressed transverse carina of pronotum.
24

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Dorsal pronotum with a faint line of scallops in the

usual position of the transverse carina; punctures of

variable density. Lateral pronotum without rugulae in

ventral corner, or escarpment across middle disc.

Mesopleuron on anterior slopes with only a few large

primary punctures which are separated by more than

their average diameter, and about an equal number of

large secondaries; subtegular patch of dense secondaries about as wide as tegula. Scutum with a median

plaque of coarse, contiguous punctures; anteromedian

escarpment not connected with notaulices. Legs and

tegula red to castaneous. Hind leg (Figure 14) with

femur, tibia, and basitarsus unusually short and stout;

hind femur less than 2.0 times as long as greatest

width. Hind tibia on inner face with a median ridge;

sensorium almost circular, about one-sixth width of

joint and flush with surrounding surface. Hind

basitarsus without groove. Tegula without trace of

shagreening, or marginal grooves. Forewing with a

very small stigma separated by much more than its

length from basal vein; radius with first section not

sharply bent, terminating in a long outwardly direct

spur; area of first cubital cell 39.5 times that of stigma.

Dorsal propodeum with area lateral to areola

smooth, with dense minute punctures; areola very

slender with nearly straight sides, about 4 to 5 times

as long as apical width. Lateral propodeum on upper

part with many closely spaced rugulae. Tergum 1

without patch of dense micropunctures on anterior

aspect; without transverse carina; lateral dorsum with

an area of dense, coarse punctures which narrow into

a preapical band medially one puncture wide, moderately impressed, with an escarpment on anterior margin, punctures separated by less than their average

diameter. Terga 3, 4, and 5 with punctures generally

of close first-degree density, with none exceptionally

enlarged; with broad, polished, ribbon-like apices.

Pygidium punctate on apical three-fifths, impunctate

apex not wrinkled or shagreened.

Length 8.5 to 9.4 mm.

MALE .—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—2; Bartica. British Guiana, 24-11-1913

(CU).

28. Tiphia (Tiphia) phedra, new species

FIGURE 1")

\s represented by the holotype female and 4 paratype

females, this species contains a somewhat heterogenous

series from Surinam in which the basitarsus is not

grooved, the first tergum has no anterior transverse

carina, the lateral propodeum has numerous closely

spaced rugulae, the preapical band on the first tergum

is usually sharply depressed on the anterior border,

and there are not anterior transverse escarpments on

the intermediate terga. It differs from T. bartica in

having black legs with more slender hind femora.

HOLOTYPE.— ? ; "Phedra," Surinam, 14/20-XII1964 (D. C. Geijskes) (RNH).

FEMALE.—Front with punctures of first-degree density on lowest third, elsewhere of second- or third-degree with one or two interspaces about as wide as an

ocellus. Mandible without preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum usually without transverse carina.

Lateral pronotum without a well-defined groove

across its disc or rugulae in ventral corner. Scutum

with anteromedian escarpment and notaulices usually

not connected. Mesopleuron on anterior slope with

fine primary punctures separated in most directions

by much more than their average diameter, about an

equal number of large secondaries, and with dense

microsetae extending downward from broad subtegular patch along prepectal carina almost to ventral

aspect. Legs chiefly black. Hind femur (Figure 15) not

exceptionally stout. Hind tibia on inner face with a

longitudinal carina; sensorium flush with surrounding

area. Hind basitarsus without groove. Tegula glossy,

not shagreened, without groove on outer margin.

Forewing moderately infumate; stigma separated by

much more than its length from basal vein; radius

without spur at bend of first section, with outwardly

directed spur at its terminus; length of radial cell to

end of spur 3.5 times its width.

Dorsal propodeum with its lateral discs essentially

unsculptured; areola with sides slightly concave and

slightly convergent, its length more than 3 times its

apical width. Lateral propodeum on upper part with

rugulae very fine and closely spaced; lower part with

narrow band of dense microsetae bordering metacoxal

cavity. Posterior aspect of propodeum without median

carina. Tergum 1 without transverse carina; preapical

band abruptly impressed on upper border, and consisting of a single row of small, widely separated punctures. Terga without anterior transverse escarpments;

with median-sized punctures of approximately the

same size, those on terga 2 and 3 tending toward

transverse bands, on terga 3 and 4 medially separated

from apex by about 3 times diameter of larger punc-
NUMBER 1 1 3 25

tures. Pygidium punctate on basal half; usually faintly

shagreened near punctate part.

Length 7.8 to 10.1 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—1; "Phedra," 16/22-XI-1964 (D. C.

Geijskes) (RNH). 1; Goppename River, "Voltz

Mountain," Surinam, 14-VII-1963 (J. v.d. Vecht)

(RNH). 1; "Zanderij" kreekbos, Surinam, 14/17-

1964, Malaise trap (D. C. Geijskes) (RNH). 1; Coppename River, "Raleigh Falls," Surinam, 13/18-VH1963(J. v.d. Vecht) (RNH).

Tropical Brazil

The only Tiphia I have seen from tropical Brazil are

5 species from far up the Amazon at a locality now

known as Teffe. These species appear to be distinct

from those described from the countries to the north

and west of Brazil, and from those of southern Brazil

and Argentina. The types of these Amazonian species

in the British Museum of Natural History have all

been described in detail by the author. Synopses of

these descriptions appear below.

Key to Males: Tropical Brazil

1. Sternum 5 without lateral denticles; tergum 1 with preapical moderate-sized impressed

punctures 29. T. campanula Smith

Sternum 5 with lateral denticles; tergum 1 with preapical band obsolete

30. T. solitaria Smith

Key to Females: Tropical Brazil

1. Hind basitarsus on inner face with vestigial longitudinal groove

Hind basitarsus on inner face without longitudinal groove

2. Body metallic blue

Body black or partly reddish

31. T. salutatrix Smith

2

32. T. chalybea Smith

33. T. parallela Smith

29. Tiphia (Tiphia) campanula Smith

Tiphia campanula Smith, 1879:186.—Allen 1962:62.

The most distinctive characters are the narrow cheeks,

the complete row of buttressing ridges of the dorsal

pronotum, the lack of transverse carina on the first

tergum and of sternal denticles, and the brush of fine

hairs on the sixth sternum.

MALE.—Front on upper part without interspaces as

wide as an ocellus. Cheek narrower than antennal

fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with a high transverse carina

buttressed its entire length with many distinguishable

cross ridges. Mesopleuron with primary punctures on

its disc widely spaced with only a few interspaced

minute secondaries. Hind tibia with a conspicuous

carina on its inner face. Tegula not elongated, without shagreening or marginal groove. Forewing nearly

hyaline; radial cell greatly exceeding second cubital

cell in lateral extension.

Dorsal propodeum lateral of areola without strong

sculpturing. Posterior aspect of propodeum without

median carina. Tergum 1 without transverse carina;

preapical band a single narrow row of punctures

deeply impressed, the punctures coalesced. Terga 3

and 4 with punctures near middle much larger and

sparser than those anterior to them. Sternum 5 without lateral denticles. Sternum 6 medially with a conspicuous brush of yellowish hairs.

Length 6 mm.

FEMALE .—Unknown.

Known only from the designated type specimen in

the British Museum from Teffe, Brazil.

30. Tiphia (Tiphia) solitaria Smith

Tiphia solitaria Smith, 1879:185.—Allen 1962:63.

T. solitaria differs from most South American species

of Tiphia in having a conspicuous denticle on the fifth

sternum, and from an even larger number by the

absence of a preapical band of punctures on the first

tergum. The absence of a transverse carina on tergum

1 and the presence of a much elongated radial cell

are traits it has in common with numerous other South

American species.

MALE.—Front width coarse contiguous punctures

except in small area anterior to ocellar triangle where
26

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

there are interspaces as wide as an ocellus. Cheek

slightly wider than an antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with transverse carina strongly

buttressed with short ridges for its entire length.

Lateral pronotum with its anterior process massive and

broadly rounded, bordered by an excavation crossed

by 5 ridges buttressing anterior process, and in addition a fairly distinct curved groove across lower part

of disc. Mesopleuron without punctures on outer disc.

Legs black, piceous apically. Hind coxa with a prominent carina between inner and ventral faces. Hind

tibia without carina or naked streak on inner face.

Tegula black to piceous, slightly longer than wide,

broadly but faintly shagreened, without marginal

grooves. Forewing moderately infumated; radial cell

greatly exceeds second cubital cell in lateral extension.

Dorsal propodeum with sculpturing of area lateral

to areola limited to sparse micropunctures; areola

twice as long as apical width, later four-fifths basal

width, median carina narrowly triangular. Tergum 1

without anterior transverse carina; punctures on

anterior and dorsal aspects very fine, sparse; without

preapical band of punctures. Fifth sternum with a

well-developed lateral denticle having a longitudinal

axis and a bordering excavation on inner margin.

Length 11 mm.

FEMALE .—Unknown.

This species is known only from the type specimen

from Teffe, Brazil, in the British Museum.

31. Tiphia (Tiphia) salutatrix Smith

Tiphia salutatrix Smith, 1879:186.—Allen 1962:64.

T. salutatrix is one of 3 species from tropical Brazil

described from the female sex. It differs from the other

two in having a groove on the basitarsus. It also differs

from T. chalybea in not having a metallic-colored

body. It is much smaller than T. parallela and differs

from it in lacking any trace of transdiscal groove on

lateral pronotum.

FEMALE.—Front with punctures chiefly of firstdegree density on upper half.

Dorsal pronotum without transverse carina, with a

impunctate area posterior to humeral angle. Lateral

pronotum without ventral rugulae or groove across

disc. Legs, except coxae, red. Hind tibia with a sharp

carina on inner face. Hind basitarsus with shallow,

vestigial groove. Tegula thinly translucent, red, glossy,

not longer than broad, without marginal grooves.

Radial cell 3.3 times as long as wide, with a welldeveloped outward directed spur.

Areola of dorsal propodeum about 3 times as long

as apical width, latter three-fourths times basal width,

sides straight. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse

carina; entire face of anterior slope and dorsal aspect

almost impunctate; in the usual locale of the preapical

band of punctures there is a linear depression marked

anteriorly by a sharply impressed line. Terga 3, 4, and

5 each with a ribbon-like terminal belt, about 2

ocellar-diameters wide. Pygidium punctate on basal

half but not closely so, with a broad inpunctate emargination; impunctate part glossy, devoid of wrinkles or

shagreening.

Length 6.5 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

This species is represented by the single type specimen from Teffe, Brazil, in the British Museum.

32. Tiphia (Tiphia) chalybea Smith

Tiphia chalybea Smith, 1855:84.—Allen 1962:66.

This species has the usual structural characters of the

genus Tiphia but differs from most species in having

a dark blue metallic body, bright pink ocelli, and

wings (both fore and hind) that are opaque black. T.

chalybea differs from T. caerulea in having a conspicuously elongated tegula, about twice as long as wide.

It is certainly a close relative of T. vandervechti but

differs in having no anteromedian escarpment or medial plaque of coarse punctures on the scutum, a tegula which is strongly shagreened, a cubital cell of the

forewing which is shorter than that of T. vandervechti,

and an intercubital spur as in Paratiphia.

FEMALE.—Front with coarse punctures widely scattered on upper part except for contiguous row along

inner eye orbit. Mandible with conspicuous preapical

cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with a high, erect carina complete

from side to side and well-buttressed laterally. Lateral

pronotum with a complete groove across middle of

disc. Scutum without trace of anteromedian escarpment or median plaque of coarse, contiguous punctures. Hind basitarsus without groove. Tegula slightly

less than twice as long as wide, strongly shagreened.

Forewing and hind wing black. Forewing with partially developed first intercubitus as in Paratiphia but

extending less than halfway across cell; radius at its
NUMBER 1 1 3 27

apex with a well-developed spur; radial cell 3.2 times

as long as wide.

Areola of dorsal propodeum with sides concave and

apex as broad as base, length about one and one-half

times apical width, median carina broadly expanded.

Posterior aspect of propodeum without median carina.

Tergum 1 with strong transverse carina; preapical

band one puncture wide, abruptly impressed on anterior border and separated from apex by one-third

distance from apex to transverse carina. Pygidium

coarsely rugose on basal three-fourths; narrow apex

polished, dark orange, without shagreening.

Length 14 mm.

MALE .—Unknown.

Known only from the designated type in the British

Museum from Teffe, Brazil.

33. Tiphia (Tiphia) parallela Smith

T. parallela Smith, 1879:185.—Brethes 1910:253.—Allen

1970:252.

During 1913 and for several years following notes appeared in the literature on the biology of a species of

Tiphia called T. parallela Smith. A Tiphia identified

as this species was reported from Barbados, Antigua,

Venezuela and Guyana, and was exported to Mauritius to aid in the control of root-feeding grubs on sugar

cane. Since T. parallela was described from a single

female specimen taken at Teffe, far up the Amazon, in

a Tiphiine fauna not continued into the countries to

the north or west, it is most unlikely that it occurs naturally in the West Indies (Allen 1970). Unfortunately

the species is based on a single female which possesses

no outstanding characters. As previously shown by Allen, T. gaumeri Cameron from Mexico is a valid species not synonymous with T. parallela.

FEMALE.—Front with coarse punctures on upper

half, chiefly of second-degree density, without interspaces as wide as an ocellus.

Dorsal pronotum with its transverse carina reduced

to an obscure, crenulated ridge. Lateral pronotum

with aciculations in ventral corner and a fairly distinct

narrow groove across half the disc. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment and notaulices not continuous.

Legs black. Hind tibia with ridge on inner face, sensorium very small and concolorous with surrounding

area. Hind basitarsus not grooved. Tegula transluscent

piceous without shagreening or marginal grooves.

Forewing strongly infumate; radial cell with outwardly directed stump at its apex, 3.9 times as long as wide;

cubitus with very long terminal spur.

Areola of dorsal propodeum with parallel sides, less

than twice as long as wide, median carina expanded.

Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina; preapical band on middle three-fifths an irregular single row

of slightly impressed punctures. Pygidium finely rugose

punctate on basal three-fifths; apex wrinkled and part

near punctures obscurely shagreened.

Length 12 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

Known only from the type specimen in the British

Museum from Teffe, Brazil.

Peru-Equador-Bolivia Area

Key to Males: Peru-Equador-Bolivia Area

1. Very slender species; first tergum 1.6 times as long as wide 34. T. hodgesi, new species

Not usually slender species, tergum 1 at most only slightly longer than wide 2

2. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina 3

Tergum 1 with anterior transverse carina

3. Radial cell greatly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension 4

Radial cell at most only slightly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension 5

4. Buttressing ridges of transverse carina of dorsal pronotum long and massive

35. T. pallisteri, new species

Buttressing ridges of transverse carina of dorsal pronotum short and vestigial

36. T. penai, new species

5. Transverse carina of dorsal pronotum buttressed its entire length by strong cross ridges; radial cell about equal to second cubital cell in lateral extension

37. T. fnh it arsis Rohwer

Transverse carina of dorsal pronotum at most with only faint buttressing ridges near

humeral angle 6
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

6. Head width 1.8 to 1.9 times least distance between eyes 38. T. lima new species

Head width 2.1 times least distance between eyes 39. T. pastaza new species

7. Some of punctures on terga 3 and 4 enlarged and dimpled 8

None of punctures of terga 3 and 4 enlarged and dimpled 9

8. Transverse carina of tergum 1 high and buttressed; lateral areas of dorsal propodeum

coarsely reticulate 40. T. ancha, new species

Transverse carina of tergum 1 faint and rudimentary; lateral areas of dorsal propodeum

relatively unsculptured 9

9. Transverse carina of dorsal pronotum buttressed by numerous short cross ridges; vitta of

sternum 6 narrow with parallel sides 41. T. delta, new species

Transverse carina of dorsal pronotum not buttressed by cross ridges; vitta of sternum 6 an

inverted V bordered by dense bristly hairs 42. T. cuzcoa, new species

10. Preapical band of tergum 1 not impressed, broad, about 3 punctures wide; area of dorsal

propodeum outside areola not sculptured 43. T. maria, new species

Preapical band of tergum 1 abruptly impressed at least on anterior border; area of dorsal

propodeum outside areola coarsely sculptured, with some scalelike shagreening

44. T. tnonsona, new species

Key to Females: Peru-Equador-Bolivia Area

1. Basitarsus grooved 2

Basitarsus not grooved 5

2. Scutum without an anteromedian escarpment 3

Scutum with an anteromedian escarpment 4

3. Scutum with numerous punctures on anterior half medially arranged as a compact

plaque 44. T. tnonsona, new species

Scutum with only a few punctures on anterior half arranged in V-shaped pattern

21. T. huallaga, new species

4. Posterior propodeum with a slender median carina 45. T. manni, new species

Posterior propodeum without trace of median carina 46. T. browni, new species

5. Dorsal pronotum with a high, sharp-crested transverse carina buttressed by many prominent

cross ridges 47. T. scalariformis, new species

Dorsal pronotum at most with vestigial transverse carina 6

6. Tergum 1 with an anterior transverse carina 7

Tergum 1 without an anterior transverse carina 10

7. Tergum 1 with transverse carina obscure; notaulices and anteromedian escarpment strongly

connected; a conspicuous pit on each side of prosternum . . 48. T. quincemila, new species

Tergum 1 with transverse carina strong; notaulices and anteromedian escarpment not connected ; no pits on side of prosternum 8

8. Tergum 1 with preapical band a single row of punctures 49. T. iquitosa, new species

Tergum 1 with preapical band more than one row of punctures wide 9

9. Punctures of entire front contiguous except for a narrow median vitta; tegula broadly

shagreened; rugulae of lateral propodeum strong and widely separated

50. T. perubra, new species

A broad area of upper front with punctures of second- or third-degree density; tegula not

shagreened; rugulae of lateral propodeum weak and closely spaced

51. T. putumayoa, new species

10. Legs bright red 52. T. gilvapennis, new species

Legs largely black 11

11. Sternum 2 with anteromedian callosity; tegula broadly shagreened

53. T. academae, new species

Sternum 2 without anteromedian callosity; tegula not shagreened

54. T. bassleri, new species
NUMBER 1 1 3 29

21. Tiphia (Tiphia) huallaga, new species

FIGURES 16, 17, 49

T. huallaga is known only in the female. It is nearly

the largest known species of Tiphia, exceeding 20 millimeters in length. The present known distribution from

Venezuela to Peru spans two regional areas discussed

in this paper. It differs from other species in the PeruEquador-Bolivia area except T. monsona in having a

complete anterior transverse carina on the dorsal pronotum, no anterior escarpment on the scutum, and a

grooved hind basitarsus. It is much larger than T. monsona, has a V-shaped configuration of the punctures on

the scutum, a much less prominent carina on the dorsal pronotum, and has numerous broadly dispersed

punctures on the lower part of the lateral propodeum.

HOLOTYPE.— ? ; Upper Rio Huallaga, Peru, 29-X1925, F6141 (H. Bassleri) (UK).

FEMALE.—Front with contiguous punctures to above

level of lowest ocellus. Mandible with apex slenderly

tapered.

Dorsal pronotum with anterior transverse carina

complete, high and regular; uniformly coarsely and

closely punctate on anterior half. Lateral pronotum

without groove across disc. Scutum (Figure 16) without anteromedian escarpment, or dense median patch

of punctures, anterior half impunctate except for a Vshaped configuration of punctures. Mesopleuron on

anterior aspect densely close punctate with punctures

of first- or second-degree density, larger secondaries

numerous and not sharply distinguished from the primaries; subtegular patch of dense micropunctures absent. Legs entirely black. Hind tibia with inner face

not angular in cross section without ridge or naked

stripe on inner face; sensorial area concave, pyriform,

more than twice as long as wide and as wide as proximal part of basitarsus. Hind basitarsus grooved. Tegula not shagreened and without groove on outer margin. Forewing (Figure 49) densely infumate; stigma

separated by more than its length from basal vein;

radius terminating in an outwardly directed stump;

radial cell elongate, being 4.1 times as long as wide;

area of first cubital cell 18 times that of stigma.

Dorsal propodeum with sides of areola slightly concave, its apex wider than its base, and its length more

than 3 times its apical width. Lateral propodeum (Figure 17) on upper part with fine, more or less evanescent and closely spaced rugulae; lower part entirely

and densely microsetulose, with many widely separated

punctures. First tergum 0.85 times as long as wide;

without transverse carina or patch of micropunctures

on anterior face; preapical band not impressed and

consisting of an irregular array of fine, well-separated

punctures, 1 to 2 punctures wide. Sternum 2 with an

obscure anteromedian callosity. Intermediate terga

dorsally with exceptionally fine punctures concentrated

in front of and behind broad impunctate spaces. Pygidium rugose-punctate on basal half; impunctate apex

wrinkled and obscurely shagreened to near apex.

Length 18.3 to 21.3 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—1; "Anduze" Venezuela (CU). 1;

Colombia (Moritz) 6142 (ZMB).

34. Tiphia (Tiphia) hodgesi, new species

FIGURE 18

The unusual slenderness of this species serves to separate it at once from all other males of the PeruEquador-Bolivia area. Aside from its extreme slenderness all other characters appear typical of the genus

Tiphia. Two other very slender species are known in

the South American fauna. One is T. elongata described from a single female from southern Brazil many

hundreds of miles from the type locality of T. hodgesi,

and not likely to be conspecific. The other is T. narinensis, described from a male from Colombia which is

as strikingly slender as T. hodgesi but differs in numerous outstanding characters. The single specimen representing T. hodgesi lacks tarsi on one middle and both

hind legs, and also the femur and tibia of the left

hind leg. However, the significant diagnostic characters are present.

HOLOTYPE.—cf; 12 km. west of Al'oag, Pichincha

Province, Equador, 10,500 ft. (3200 m), 2-II-1958

(R. H. Hodges) (CU).

MALE.—Front with punctures on lower half very

small and closely contiguous, on upper half abruptly

much larger, of first- or second-degree density without

interspaces as wide as an ocellus. Head width 1.7 times

least distance between eyes. Cheek much wider than

an antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with sharp-crested carina bordered by shallow sulcus and buttressed its entire length by

inconspicuous cross ridges, punctate part with

moderate-sized punctures regularly distributed, the intervals ranging from less than to slightly more than an
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

average puncture diameter. Lateral pronotum broadly

coarse rugose, without a well-developed discal groove.

Mesopleuron on anterior face with very small primary

punctures separated in one or more directions by several times an average puncture diameter; everywhere

interspersed with secondaries that are more numerous

than primaries; subtegular patch of dense microsetae

at least anteriorly much wider than tegula. Legs entirely black and exceptionally slender; hind tibia 5

times as long as greatest width without trace of ridge

or sensorial area on inner face. Tegula glossy, without

shagreening or marginal grooves. Forewing with its

membrane hyaline; radial cell exceeded in lateral extension by second cubital cell; second cubital cell unusually large, its sectors in terms of inner sector (itob)

are 10:32:20:27.

Propodeum very long, from base of areola to apex

of posterior slope 1.2 times as long as greatest width.

Dorsal propodeum including areola completely and

deeply reticulate; areola about half as wide at apex

as at base and 3 times as long as apical width. Lateral

propodeum on upper part with rugulae obsolete on

caudal two-fifths. First abdominal segment (Figure

18) extremely slender, (as measured on sternum) 1.5

times as long as wide. Tergum 1 without transverse carina; preapical band not abruptly impressed and consisting of punctures of first-degree density and about

3 punctures wide. Terga 3 to 6 strongly shagreened

with golden bristles; punctures small, shallow, relatively sparse, and not varying greatly in size or distribution. Sternum 5 without lateral denticle.

Length 10.4 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

35. Tiphia (Tiphia) pallisteri, new species

FIGURE 19

There are only a few male Tiphia from the PeruEquador-Bolivia area in which there is no anterior

transverse carina of the first tergum. Two of these,

T. pallisteri and T. penai, have the radial cell greatly

exceeding the second cubital cell in lateral extension.

T. pallesteri differs from T. penai in having long, high

ridges buttressing the transverse carina of the dorsal

pronotum, in strongly reticulate lateral areas of the

dorsal propodeum and in possessing a lateral denticle

on sternum 5.

HOLOTYPE.— o" ; Moyobamba, San Martin, Peru,

1,800 ft. (550 m), 19-XII-1946 (J. C. Pallister)

(AMNH).

MALE.—Front with punctures largely of seconddegree density with polished impunctate interspaces

twice as wide as an ocellus. Head 2.1 times as wide as

least distance between eyes. Cheek slightly wider than

an antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum (Figure 19) with transverse carina

exceptionally high, and buttressed by a complete transverse series of long, high cross ridges, primary punctures reduced to about 20 and these are chiefly on the

sides. Lateral pronotum conspicuously dished with a

broad polished area at its center. Mesopleuron with

conspicuous scalariform prepectal ridge; upper anterior slope with a total of less than 10 large primary

punctures located near the suture and about an equal

number of small, widely separated ones near crest of

slope. Legs black. Hind tibia with a longitudinal ridge

on inner face; no apparent sensorium. Tegula without

shagreening or groove on outer margin. Forewing

with membrane moderately infumate; radial cell greatly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension;

sectors of second cubital cell in terms of inner sector

(itob) are 10:22:17:18.

Dorsal propodeum rugulose to reticulate both on

lateral discs and within areola; areola rectangular, almost twice as long as wide; posterior aspect of propodeum moderately reticulopunctate. Tergum 1 without

anterior transverse carina; dorsum broadly and very

coarsely punctate; preapical band abruptly impressed

only on anterior border and consisting of a row of

coarse, elongate, irregularly-shaped punctures separated by much less than their average diameter. Terga

3 and 4 with punctures relatively sparse, moderately

coarse, and relatively uniform in size and distribution;

intermediate terga without microscopic apical grooves

in middle area. Sternum 5 with a small, appressed lateral denticle.

Length 5.2 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

36. Tiphia (Tiphia) penai, new species

I have seen only 2 species of males from the PeruEquador-Bolivia area in which there is no transverse

carina on the anterior dorsum of the first tergum and

in which the radial cell greatly exceeds the second

cubital and in lateral extension. T. penai differs from

T. pallisteri in lacking the strong buttressing rugulae

of the dorsal pronotum, coarse punctures on the medial part of tergum 1, and in having a smooth dorsal
NUMBER 1 1 3 31

pronotum free of reticulations lateral to the areola. It

is known only from the holotype male.

HOLOTYPE.—Avispas, 156 km from Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru, 10/30-IX-1962 (L. E.

Pena) (AMNH).

MALE.—Front with punctures relatively sparse on

upper two-thirds where they are of third-degree density except narrowly beside eyes, with impunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus, without secondaries. Head

2.3 times as wide as least distance between eyes. Cheek

slightly narrower than an antennal fossa. Mandible

without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with its transverse carina bordered

by a shallow sulcus and buttressed by only obscure

cross ridges, punctures very small, uniformly distributed and separated everywhere by several times their

average diameter. Lateral pronotum without groove

or escarpment across disc. Mesopleuron on anterior

slope with only a few small punctures separated in

most directions by many times their average diameter.

Legs black. Tibia on inner face with no trace of a

carina; sensorium reduced to an obscure papilla. Tegula not shagreened and without marginal groove on

outer margin. Forewing with radial cell greatly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension; sectors of

second cubital cell in terms of inner sector (itob) are

10:26:16:19.

Dorsal propodeum with lateral discs smooth, glossy;

areola long, slender, with strongly converging, concave

sides, length about 3 times apical width. Tergum 1

without anterior transverse carina; preapical band

abruptly depressed only on anterior border and consisting of a single row of coarse punctures. Terga 3

with some punctures shallow, moderately enlarged,

dimpled, terga 4 and 5 without enlarged and dimpled

punctures; terga 3, 4, and 5 each with microscopic

apical groove. Sternum 5 with preapical denticles.

Length 6.2 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

37. Tiphia (Tiphia) fulvitarsis Rohwer

Tiphia fulvitarsis Rohwer, 1912; 454.

This species has been redescribed from the type kindly

lent by the United States National Museum, and from

several identified specimens from Peru. Among the 3

species of male Tiphia from the Peru-Equador-Bolivia

area in which there is no transverse carina on the first

tergum, and the radial cell at most only slightly exceeds the second cubital cell in lateral extension, T.

fulvitarsis can be "Immediately distinguished by the

presence of a heavily buttressed transverse carina on

the dorsal pronotum. Its cheek is narrower than that

of T. lima and unlike T. lima and T. pastaza its legs

are broadly infused with red. I have redescribed it

from the holotype and several identified males from

Peru.

HOLOTYPE.—d

1

; Piura, Peru, l-XI-1910 (C. H. T.

Townsend) (USNM Type No. 14142).

MALE.—Front on upper half with punctures ranging from first-degree density at sides to third-degree

medially; with numerous secondaries on lower half.

Head width 2.2 times least distance between eyes (3

measured were 2.1, 2.2, 2.2). Cheek as wide as antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with high transverse carina supported its entire length by many strong buttressing

ridges; punctures of moderate size and fairly uniform

in size and distribution. Lateral pronotum sometimes

with obscure transverse escarpment. Mesopleuron with

punctures on outer disc smaller and more widely spaced than those in front, of third-degree density; minute secondaries about as numerous as primaries. All

tarsi and tibiae except on outer face of hind tibia are

yellowish red. Tegula with a very fine groove about

outer apical margin. Forewing with membrane nearly

hyaline; radial cell slightly exceeding second cubital

in lateral extension.

Dorsal propodeum with area lateral to areola

smooth; areola keystone-shaped, only slightly longer

than basal width, base about one and one-eighth

times apical width. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina; preapical, band in shallow groove and

consisting of a single row of coarse, discrete punctures.

Intermediate terga with punctures relatively fine,

numerous, and relatively uniform in size and distribution; no microscopic apical grooves over middles of

terga. Sternum 5 without lateral denticle.

Length 4.9 to 6.0 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

Identified specimens are as follows:

1; 5 miles south of Chiclayo, Lambayeque, Peru, 20

m, 17-1-1955 (E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross) (CAS).

1; Pacasmayo, Peru, com field, 9-XII-1930 (H. A.

Jaynes) (USNM). 1; Talara, Peru, 27-VII-1952,

Coral vine (A. Fischer) (UK).
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

38. Tiphia (Tiphia) lima, new species

There are only a few male Tiphia from the PeruEquator-Bolivia area in which there is no anterior

transverse carina on the first tergum. Two of these, T.

pallisteri and T. penai, have a radial cell greatly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension. T. lima

differs from T. pastaza in having a cheek wider than

the antennal fossa; a radial cell exceeded by the second cubital cell in lateral extension; in its keystoneshaped areola with straight sides, and apex much narrower than base; and in the preapical band of tergum 1 which consists of very fine, closely spaced punctures. The type series consists of the type and one paratype taken in different localities.

HOLOTYPE.—d; Lima, Peru, 2-V-1920. Cornell

University Expedition Lot 607 (CU).

MALE.—Front with punctures generally of firstdegree density except for a small narrow vitta below

middle ocellus, a few secondaries extending into lower

half. Head width 1.9 times least distance between eyes.

Cheek wider than an antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with transverse carina high, sharpcrested, buttressed only obscurely at humeral angle;

punctate part with primaries of moderate size and

generally of first-degree density. Lateral pronotum flat,

without groove or escarpment across its disc. Mesopleuron on anterior slope with small primary punctures generally of second- or third-degree and minute

secondaries everywhere much more numerous than the

primaries; with subtegular patch of dense microsetae

almost as wide as tegula. Hind tibia with a long, strong

carina on inner face. Tegula not shagreened and without marginal grooves. Forewing with its radial cell

slightly exceeded in lateral extension by second cubital

cell; area of second cubital cell almost equal to that of

first cubital cell; sectors of second cubital cell in terms

of inner sector (itob) are 10:25:20:25.

Dorsal propodeum on lateral discs only slightly

roughened; areola strongly tapered, its sides slightly

incurved at base, slightly longer than basal width and

about twice as long as apical width. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina; preapical band a single

regular row of minute, closely spaced punctures at bottom of broad V-shaped depression. Intermediate terga

of moderately large punctures relatively uniform in

size and distribution; apices without microscopic

grooves over middles. Sternum 5 without lateral denticles.

Length 7.4 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.—1; Chancay, Peru, river valley, 15-111-

1951 (Ross&Michelbacher) (CAS).

39. Tiphia (Tiphia) pastaza, new species

In the key, T. pastaza is grouped with 2 other species

having no traces of transverse carina on the first tergum, and a radial cell at most only slightly exceeding

the second cubital cell. In T. pastaza the distance between the eyes is less than in T. lima, and the cross

ridges buttressing the transverse carina of the pronotum are much weaker than those of T. fulvitarsis. In T.

pastaza the area covered by contiguous punctures includes the entire front, but on T. fulvitarsis it is somewhat less than that. T. pastaza is known only from the

holotype.

HOLOTYPE.—cf ; Rio Pastaza, Equador, 19-111-1939

(F. M. Brown) (AMNH).

MALE.—Front completely set with coarse, contiguous punctures; without secondaries. Head width 2.1

times least distance between eyes. Cheek slightly narrower than antennal fossa. Clypeal extension almost

truncate. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with a high, sharp-crested transverse carina bordered by a deep sulcus which is crossed

by a few weak ridges; with coarse punctures of firstdegree density laterally and third-degree apicomedially. Lateral pronotum with anterior process sharpcrested to ventral terminus; without well-defined

groove across middle disc. Mesopleuron on anterior

slope away from prepectal area with small primary

punctures separated in one or more directions by much

more than average diameter; secondaries minute and

everywhere much more numerous than the primaries:

subtegular patch of microsetae not well-defined. Legs

black. Hind tibia on inner face obscurely carinate. Tegula without shagreening, or groove on outer margin.

Forewing with radial cell slightly exceeding second

cubital in lateral extension, with a sharp bend in apical section. Sectors of second cubital cell in terms of

inner sector (itob) are 10:31:19:24.

Dorsal propodeum with surface not coarsely sculptured; areola with concave sides and apex nearly as

wide as base, about twice as long as apical width. Lateral propodeum on upper part with several strong,

widely separated rugulae. First abdominal segment

unusually elongate, 1.1 times as long as wide. Tergum
NUMBER 1 1 3 33

1 without anterior transverse carina; preapical band a

single row of large punctures ranging from widely separated to coalesced, in a narrow depression with anterior margin much higher. Terga 2, 3, and 4 with moderately enlarged, dimpled punctures much larger and

less numerous than those on anterior part of the segments, terga 3 and 4 terminating an obscure apical

row of small punctures. Sternum 5 without lateral

denticle.

Length 9.6 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

40. Tiphia (Tiphia) ancha, new species

FIGURE 20

T. ancha was described from the holotype specimen.

In the key to males from the Peru-Equador-Bolivia

area the presence of an anterior transverse carina on

the first tergum, and conspicuously enlarged, dimpled

punctures on the intermediate terga place it in couplet

with T. delta. In T. ancha the first tergal carina is

high, complete, and buttressed, while in T. delta it

is somewhat obscure and rudimentary.

HOLOTYPE.— o*; "Cl. Anchamayo," Peru, (Rosenberg) (USNM).

MALE.—Entire front with primary punctures coarse

and contiguous except for small area below ocellar triangle and about as large; secondaries scarce. Head

width 2.1 times least distance between eyes. Cheek

about as wide as antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with high sharp-crested transverse

carina; bordering sulcus crossed for its entire length

by prominent cross ridges; punctate part includes all

of sclerite except a narrow apical fringe, the posterior

punctures larger and more widely separated than those

bordering sulcus. Lateral pronotum aciculate, with a

broad gouge in middle area which is crossed by a decreasing series of rugulae. Mesopleuron on upper part

of anterior slope with small primary punctures separated in most directions by much more than their

average diameter; secondaries minute and not numerous; without subtegular patch of microsetae. Legs

black. Hind tibia on inner face strongly ridged. Tegula

glossy without groove on outer margin. Forewing with

membrane moderately infumated, radial cell in lateral

extension greatly exceeds second cubital cell; sectors

of second cubital cell in terms of inner sector (itob)

are 10:26:20:21.

Dorsal propodeum with its lateral discs and areola

coarsely and strongly reticulate; areola nearly rectangular, about one and one-fourth times as long as

wide. Tergum 1 (Figure 20) with a high transverse

carina buttressed by a complete series of cross ridges;

preapical band one irregular row of coarse, coalesced

punctures in a narrow trench. Terga 2 to 5 with enlarged, dimpled punctures lying between an anterior

band and a posterior row of much smaller ones, none

of the enlarged dimpled punctures arranged in transverse rows. Sternum 5 without lateral denticles.

Length. 8.0 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

41. Tiphia (Tiphia) delta, new species

This species was described from 2 specimens taken at

the same locality but on different dates. The paratype

has a preapical mandibular denticle which is much

smaller than that of the holotype. T. delta runs in the

key to the same couplet as T. ancha, and like it has a

transverse carina on the first tergum, a much elongated radial cell, and enlarged, dimpled punctures on

the intermediate terga. It differs in having the dorsal

propodeum free of reticulations, and in possessing a

more rudimentary transverse carina on the first tergum.

HOLOTYPE.— d"; Monson Valley, Tingo Maria,

Peru, 23-IX-1954 (E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross)

(CAS).

MALE.—Front with punctures coarse and deep, on

upper half largely of second-degree density; without

secondaries above lower third. Head width 2.2 times

least distance between eyes (2 measured were 2.2, 2.3).

Cheek narrower than an antennal fossa. Mandible

with preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with a high-crested transverse carina buttressed by a complete series of strong ridges;

punctures coarse and ranging from first- to thirddegree density. Lateral pronotum flat with irregular

aciculations in ventral corner bounded above by a

crescent-shaped escarpment. Mesopleuron on outer

aspect of anterior slope with moderate-sized punctures

of second- or third-degree density, mixed with minute

secondaries which are somewhat more numerous than

the primaries; subtegular area with dense micropunctures which extend down along prepectus to its angle.

Legs entirely black. Hind tibia on inner face with an

elongate ridge. Tegula not shagreened, without groove
34

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

22

21

FIGURES 20—25.—20, Male of Tiphia ancha, new species, from Anchamayo, Peru, showing lateral

outline of tergum 1. 21, female of Tiphia monsona, new species, from Monson Valley, Peru,

showing absence of anteromedian escarpment. 22, female of Tiphia browni, new species, from

Rio Pastaza, Equador, dorsal scutum showing anteromedian escarpment. 23, female of Tiphia

scalariformis from Monson Valley, Peru, showing heavily buttressed transverse carina of dorsal

pronotum. 24-25, female of Tiphia quincemila from Quincemil, Peru: 24, scutum showing

anteromedian escarpment and notaulices connected; 25, prosternum showing pits near median

line. (ae=anteromedian escarpment, n=notaulice.)

on outer margin. Forewing with its membrane slightly

infumate; radial cell in lateral extension greatly exceeding second cubital cell; sectors of second cubital

cell in terms of inner sector (itob) are 10:33:20:26.

Dorsal propodeum lateral to areola largely polished

without sculpturing; areola rectangular about one and

one-half times as long as apical width. Tergum 1 with

a short, obscure, rudimentary transverse carina; preapical band in a narrow groove and consisting of

coarse punctures separated by much less than their

average diameter. Intermediate terga, particularly terga 3 and 4 with punctures varying greatly in size, the
NUMBER 1 13 35

largest being dimpled and as much as a fifth or a

sixth as wide as the abdominal segment. Sternum 5

without lateral denticles.

Length 6.5 to 7.3 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.—1; collected 21-X-1954, other data

same as holotype. (CAS).

42. Tiphia (Tiphia) cuzcoa, new species

T. cuzcoa known only from holotype specimen taken

at Machu Picchu, presumably close to 20,000 feet

(6,100 m) elevation, and far higher than the previous

highest altitudes I have seen recorded. It runs in the

key to the couplet with T. delta. Both have an obscure

and rudimentary anterior transverse carina on the first

tergum as well as an absence of enlarged punctures on

the intermediate terga. T. cuzcoa differs from T. delta

in not having a conspicuous scalariform sulcus on the

dorsal pronotum, or an escarpment across the middle

disc of the lateral pronotum, but possessing a broadly

V-shaped vitta on the sixth sternum which is bordered

by a coarse, half-erect brush of bristly hairs.

HOLOTYPE.— o" ; Machu Picchu, Cuzco, Peru, l-II1964, (USNM).

MALE.—Front with punctures contiguous on lower

half and along eyes, thinning in area below ocellar triangle to second- or third-degree density without interspaces as wide as an ocellus; secondaries numerous on

lower half. Head width 2.3 times as great at least distance between eyes. Cheek slightly narrower than antennal fossa. Mandible without well-defined preapical

cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with its transverse carina high and

sharp-crested but nowhere buttressed by short ridges;

punctures coarse and of uniform size, ranging uniformly from first-degree density anteromedially to third- or

second-degree on lateral discs. Lateral pronotum without groove or escarpment across middle disc. Mesopleuron with coarse punctures ranging from first-degree density near prepectal ridge to third-degree on

small area of outer disc; plaque of dense micropunctures scarcely as wide as tegula in area next to it but

extending in thinning array along prepectus to below

its angle. Hind tibia narrowly carinate on inner face,

scarcely expanded about minute, slitlike sensorium.

Tegula not shagreened; without groove on outer margin. Forewing with membrane heavily infumate; radial cell greatly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral

extension; sectors of second cubital cell in terms of

inner sector (itob) are 10:29:16:23.

Dorsal propodeum with area lateral to propodeum

strongly aciculate, without coarse sculpturing; areola

slightly tapered; more than twice as long as apical

width, with complete median carina. Lateral propodeum on upper part with rugulae numerous and closely spaced. Tergum 1 of more than normal length,

about 1.1 times as long as wide; with an obscure

crooked anterior transverse carina confined to middle

disc; preapical band a single row of coarse, coalesced

punctures sharply impressed but without a bordering

anterior escarpment. Intermediate terga very coarsely

punctate with some of the punctures of terga 3, 4, and

5 enlarged and dimpled. Sternum 5 without lateral

denticle. Sternum 6 with impunctate vitta an inverted

V-shaped terminal expansion, bordered with semi-erect

coarse, brown, bristly hairs.

Length 10.4 mm.

FE M ALE .—Unknown.

43. Tiphia (Tiphia) maria, new species

T. maria is known only from the holotype male. Because of the transverse carina on tergum 1, the lack

of enlarged and dimpled punctures on the intermediate terga, it runs to the same couplet in the key to

males of the Peru-Equador-Bolivia area as T. monsonia. It differs from that species in many characters including the lack of a transverse carina on the back

edge of the vertex, a more diffuse dispersion of punctures on the upper front, the smoother dorsal propodeum, and the more slender apical cell.

HOLOTYPE.— o* ; Monson Valley, Tingo Maria,

Peru, ll-XII-1954 (E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross)

(CAS).

MALE.—Front with punctures of first-degree density

on lower third and bordering eyes to level of lowest

ocellus, upper middle of third-degree density without

spaces as wide as an ocellus. Head width 2.2 times

least distance between eyes. Cheek about as wide as

an antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with a high, sharp-crested transverse carina; bordering sulcus with a few obscure cross

ridges; punctures of uniform size and distribution,

generally of third-degree density. Lateral pronotum

without escarpment across middle disc. Mesopleuron

with small primary punctures generally of third-degree
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

density, with very numerous fine, very long microsetae

on most of anterior slope above middle and continuous

over subtegular area. Legs black. Hind tibia without

carina on inner face. Tegula shagreened on outer

slope, without groove on outer margin. Forewing with

slightly infumate membrane; radial cell 3 2 times as

long as wide and greatly exceeding second cubital cell

in lateral extension; sectors of second cubital cell in

terms of inner sector (itob) are 10:29:16:21.

Dorsal propodeum polished except for faint aciculations; areola widest near base, its length 2 times and

its base about one and two-thirds apical width. Tergum

1 with a faint transverse carina; preapical band not

impressed and consisting of punctures separated by less

than their average diameter and 2 to 3 punctures wide.

Abdominal terga with punctures relatively uniform in

size and distribution; apices over middles without

microgrooves. Sternum 5 without lateral denticle.

Length 9.9 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

44. Tiphia (Tiphia) monsona, new species

FIGURES 21, 50

T. monsona belongs to a small group from the PeruEquador-Bolivia area in which the male has a strong

anterior transverse carina on the first tergum, and the

radial cell of the forewing greatly exceeds the second

cubital cell in lateral extension. It is coupled in the

key with T. maria from which it can be readily distinguished by the peculiar carina on the posterior edge

of the front, the presence of an anterior escarpment

to the preapical band of the first tergum, and the peculiar shagreening resembling fish scales on the dorsal

propodeum. A female, apparently the same species,

was taken at the same time and place as the holotype.

The female is one of only 2 species from the PeruEquador-Bolivia area which possesses a groove on the

hind basitarsus and no anteromedian escarpment on

the scutum. T. monsona is a much smaller species than

the exceptionally large T. huallaga, it has a strong

transverse pronotal carina lacking in T. huallaga, the

median plaque of punctures on the scutum is farther

forward and lacks the forward diverging arms, and

the first tergum of the abdomen is not as elongate.

HOI.OTYPE.— <S ; Monson Valley, Tingo Maria,

Peru, 2-XIM954 (E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross)

(CAS).

MALE.—Vertex outlined caudally with a distinct

transverse ridge. Front with punctures of first-degree

density on lower half and along eyes to level of lowest

ocellus, on upper half medially of second-degree density without interspaces as wide as an ocellus; secondaries numerous on lower half. Antennal flagellum

slender, 1.35 times head width. Head width 2.2 times

least distance between eyes (4 measured were 2.1, 2.2,

2.2, 2.1). Cheek almost as wide as antennal fossa. Clypeal extension bilobate. Mandible without well-defined

denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with a sharp, high carina buttressed by numerous strong cross ridges. Lateral pronotum

with anterior process carinate near humeral angle but

broadly rounded at ventral corner; with only short

fine rugulae at ventral corner and a conspicuous lanceolate or crescent-shaped depression on disc. Mesopleuron on outer disc with coarse punctures separated

in some directions by less than their average diameter,

becoming much coarser and denser at prepectal angle;

secondaries minute, sparse. Hind tibia with well defined ridge on inner face. Tegula polished without

groove on outer margin. Forewing with membrane

faintly infumate and densely set with microsetae; lateral extension of radial cell greatly exceeding that of

second cubital cell; sectors of second cubital cell in

terms of inner sector (itob) are 10:28:20:19.

Dorsal propodeum with strong buttressed ridges

arising from the areola and posterior transverse carina,

lateral area with conspicuous fishscale-like shagreening; areola almost rectangular, only slightly longer

than broad. Tergum 1 with high, complete transverse

carina buttressed with many short, strong ridges; preapical band consists of coarse, coalesced row of punctures deeply impressed and bordered by an escarpment, and an irregular row of well-separated punctures not impressed. Intermediate terga polished, with

shallow punctures among which none are greatly enlarged; with no microscopic apical groove over middles. Sternum 5 without lateral denticle.

Length 6.4 mm.

ALLOTYPE.— $ ; same data as holotype (CAS).

FEMALE.—Front with punctures very coarse and

closely contiguous from eye to eye above level of lowest

ocellus.

Dorsal pronotum with punctuate part also everywhere set with coarse, closely contiguous punctures;

transverse carina unusually high and sharp-crested;

buttressed by many short ridges; lateral pronotum ex-
NUMBER 1 13 37

tensively bipunctate on upper half, irregularly aciculate in ventral corner. Scutum (Figure 21) without an

anteromedian escarpment, but with an anteromedian

cluster of coarse punctures of first-degree density.

Mesopleuron broadly shagreened; anterior slope with

coarse punctures, generally of first-degree density,

without secondaries; subtegular patch of microsetae as

broad as tegula. Hind tibia with upper margin not

arched, slightly angular in cross section; sensorium

small, elongate ovate, flush with surrounding area.

Hind basitarsus grooved. Tegula broadly and conspicuously shagreened, without groove on outer margin.

Forewing (Figure 50) strongly infumate with stigma

separated by less than its length from basal vein; radius with first section sharply bent, terminating (one

wing only) in an outwardly directed spur; area of first

cubital cell 10.0 times that of stigma.

Dorsal propodeum broadly coriaceous; areola rectangular and not more than one and one-half times as

long as wide. Lateral propodeum on upper half with

rugulae of medium height and spacing; lower part

broadly aciculate, with microsetae present over much

of area but fine and inconspicuous. Tergum 1 without transverse carina; 0.6 times as long as wide, dorsal

area entirely irregularly punctate with preapical band

not impressed and poorly denned; about 3 punctures

wide. Terga 3 and 4 with punctures varying only moderately in size, surrounding poorly defined and nearly

impunctate areas; terga 3, 4, and 5 each with a clearly

defined apical row of microscopic gouges over middle.

Pygidium coarsely and closely rugulose on basal threefifths ; impunctate apex not shagreened.

Length 11.3 mm.

PARATYPES.—1 cf ; collected 10-XII-1954, other data

as for holotype (GAS) .Id 1; Tingo Maria, Huanuco,

Peru, 2,200 ft. (670 m), 12-X-1945 (J. C. Pallister)

(AMNH) .Id; "Avispas," 156 km from Puerto Maldondo, Madre de Dios, Peru, 1/15-X-1962 (L. E.

Pena) (AMNH).

45. Tiphia (Tiphia) tnanni, new species

T. manni is known only from the holotype specimen.

It is not a sharply defined species. Its chief distinguishing characters are the grooved hind basitarsus, a complete pronotal carina, a large mat of microsetae on

the lower propodeum, an absence of a median callosity on sternum 2, and presence of a narrow median

carina on posterior propodeum.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; Tumupasa, Bolivia, December

1921. (W. M. Mann) (USNM).

FEMALE.—Front very coarsely punctuate with punctures of first-degree density except for a narrow, irregular median vitta.

Dorsal pronotum with low, complete transverse carina; punctures coarse, of uniform size and distribution and of first-degree density. Lateral pronotum with

numerous well-developed rugulae in ventral corner.

Scutum with anteromedian escarpment, and median

patch of coarse punctures of first-degree density; notaulices and escarpment not connected. Mesopleuron

on anterior slope with principal punctures generally of

third-degree density with coarse secondaries less numerous than primaries; subtegular area of dense microsetae as wide as tegula. Legs black. Hind femur moderately stout, 1.7 times as long as wide. Hind tibia on

inner face with strong ridge; sensorium black, concolorous with surrounding area, at least twice as long

as wide and about a fourth width of joint. Hind basitarsus with groove. Tegula not shagreened, and without groove on outer margin. Forewing strongly infuscated; stigma separated by a distance equal to its

length from basal vein; radius with a rudimentary

spur on its first section, and terminating in a very

short outwardly directed spur; area of first cubital cell

25.0 times that of stigma.

Dorsal propodeum largely glossy; areola with concave sides, about two and one-half times as long as

apical width; lateral propodeum on upper half with

many closely spaced rugulae; lower half completely

covered with a conspicuous mat of dense microsetae;

posterior propodeum with a linear median carina on

lower half. Tergum 1 with preapical band of small

punctures irregularly and widely dispersed and not

impressed. Sternum 2 without median callosity. Terga

3 and 4 with large impunctate areas between anterior

and posterior concentrations of punctures. Pygidium

rugose punctuate on basal two-thirds; apex faintly

shagreened at juncture with punctate part.

Length 14.6 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

46. Tiphia (Tiphia) browni, new species

FIGURES 22,51

T. browni belongs to a small group in which the

female has a grooved hind basitarsus. There are few

distinctive features. The hind tibia has a very small,
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

nearly round, white sensorium which is scarcely oneeighth the width of the joint, and the micropile of the

lateral propodeum is sparse and inconspicuous. In

addition to the holotype, I have seen 4 other specimens

taken in 1921-1922 by Dr. Mann in Bolivia which

resemble the type of T. browni closely but lack the

small white spot in the tarsal sensorium. They have

been tentatively assigned to this species.

HOLOTYPE.— ? ; Rio Pastaza, Equador, 19-11-1937

(F. M. Brown) (AMNH).

FEMALE.—Front with coarse punctures, contiguous

on lower half and along eyes, of more dispersed firstor second-degree density elsewhere; without interspaces as wide as an ocellus. Mandible normal.

Dorsal pronotum with faint traces of transverse

carina on lateral third; punctures coarse and of irregular first-degree density. Lateral pronotum faintly

aciculate in ventral corner; without groove across its

disc. Scutum (Figure 22) with anteromedian escarpment and notaulices not connected. Mesopleuron on

anterior slope with coarse punctures generally of firstdegree density; subtegular patch of microsetae about as

wide as tegula. Legs entirely black. Hind tibia on inner

face with a strong median ridge; a small but distinct

ivory-white spot in the sensorial area (both legs). Hind

basitarsus grooved. Tegula very faintly shagreened on

part of its surface, with faint crease on outer anterior

margin. Forewing (Figure 51) with membrane moderately fuscous; stigma separated by more than its length

from basal vein; radius with rudimentary spur on its

first section, and with outwardly directed terminal

spur; first cubital cell 16 times area of stigma.

Dorsal propodeum laterally only faintly etched;

areola slightly tapered, not quite 3 times as long as

apical width. Lateral propodeum on upper part with

rugulae which are coarse and widely separated; lower

part broadly fine aciculate with microsetae very fine,

short, inconspicuous. Tergum 1 without transverse

carina; preapical band slightly impressed and consisting of a single row of moderate-sized punctures, somewhat irregular in size, spacing, and alignment. Terga

3 and 4 with punctures not varying greatly in size and

surrounding small, nearly impunctate areas, terminating medially far before apices of segments. Pygidium

elongate punctate on basal half, with a median emargination; impunctate apex finely shagreened on at least

its basal half; ovipositor valves not shagreened.

Length 9.5 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—3; Cachucia Esperanza, Beni, Bolivia,

1921-1922 (W. M. Mann) (USNM). 1; Riberalta,

Bolivia, 1921-1922 (W. M. Mann) (USNM).

47. Tiphia (Tiphia) scalariformis, new species

FIGURES 23, 52

The massive transverse carina of the dorsal pronotum

is most unusual in females, and the broad polished

apical bands on the terga are rarely found among any

species of Tiphia. This unusual species possesses several

characters always found in Neotiphia including the

wide polished, ribbon-like apices of the terga, the

pronotal transverse carina not common in female

Tiphia, and the strongly concave sensorium of the

hind tibia. However, it lacks the elongated mouthparts

and the triangular shagreened stripe on the sixth

sternum possessed by all described species of Neotiphia

and in other respects is more like Tiphia than

Neotiphia.

HOLOTYPE.—Monson Valley, Tingo Maria, Peru,

15-X-1954 (E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross) (CAS).

FEMALE.—Front broadly shagreened with coarse,

shallow punctures generally of first-degree density on

lower half, on upper half with a broad middle area of

third-degree, but without interspaces as wide as an

ocellus. Clypeal extension very narrow and conspicuously bidentate. Mandible with a large, pointed

preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum (Figure 23) with a high, sharpcrested transverse carina; bordering sulcus conspicuously scalariform for its entire length; punctures of

first-degree density, of uniform size and distribution.

Lateral pronotum dished with scanty sculpturing ranging from several round punctures to a few widely separated gouges, with a broad groove across its middle.

Scutum, scutellum and metanotum uniformly set with

coarse, shallow punctures; scutum without trace of

anteromedian escarpment. Mesopleuron on anterior

face with shallow, round punctures everywhere of

slightly irregular first-degree density; no subtegular

patch of dense microsetae. Legs black. Hind tibia on

inner face with a strong ridge; sensorium an elongate

oval in a shallow pit. Hind basitarsus without groove.

Tegula broadly shagreened, without groove on outer

margin. Forewing (Figure 52) densely infumate; stigma separated by its length from basal vein; radial cell

terminating in a short spur outwardly and upwardly
NUMBER 1 1 3 39

directed; area of first cubital cell 14.0 times that of

stigma.

Dorsal propodeum with areola rectangular, scarcely

twice as long as wide. Lateral propodeum on upper

part with strong rugulae moderately well separated;

lower part with only a few microsetae close to hind

coxal cavity. Tergum 1 with a strong transverse carina;

preapical band over middle narrowed to a slightly

impressed single row irregular in alignment and spacing. Terga 2, 3, and 4 with punctures of moderate size

and relatively uniform distribution, but terminating

in a close-spaced row forming the anterior border of

polished ribbon-like apices. Pygidium finely rugose

punctate on basal half with a broad median emargination; impunctate apex faintly shagreened and wrinkled

near punctate part. Terminal sternum without

shagreened median stripe.

Length 10.9 mm.

MALE .—Unknown.

48. Tiphia (Tiphia) quincemila, new species

FIGURES 24, 25, 53

Known only from the holotype specimen. This species

while it has the generalized characters of the genus

Tiphia, also possesses several exceptional characters.

Some of these are the unusual pits bordering the

prosternum, the polished impunctate bands of the abdominal terga, the golden abdominal bristles, and the

narrow impunctate apex of the pygidium.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; Quincemil, on branch of Rio

Manu, Madre Dios, Peru, 14/31-VIII-1962 (L. E.

Pena) (AMNH).

FEMALE.—Front on upper three-fourths with punctures of third-or second-degree density, with several

interspaces wider than an ocellus. Mandible minutely

notched near apex.

Dorsal pronotum without transverse carina; punctures of moderate size, generally separated in some

directions by more than an average puncture diameter and on lateral discs, in every direction. Lateral

pronotum dished, without groove across disc. Ventrally with a large, unusual pit on each side of prosternum (Figure 25). Scutum (Figure 24) with median cluster of close punctures mixed with a few secondaries; notaulices and anteromedian escarpment

strongly connected. Mesopleuron on outer disc with a

mixture of small primary punctures and large secondaries separated in most directions by more than an

average puncture, diameter; punctures much coarser

and denser along prepectal ridge. Subtegular patch of

dense microsetae as wide as tegula. Legs black and

stout. Hind femur 1.7 times as long as wide. Hind

tibia on inner face with a strong, complete carina;

sensorial area red, nearly half as wide as joint but

scarcely longer than wide, shallowly depressed. Hind

basitarsus without groove. Tegula without shagreening

or marginal grooves. Forewing (Figure 53) with

membrane yellowish brown; stigma very small, but

separated by only slightly more than its length from

basal vein; radius without inwardly directed spur on

first section; terminating in an outwardly and anteriorly directed spur; area of the first cubital cell'is

32.0 times that of stigma.

Dorsal propodeum on its sides finely shagreened

with scattered minute punctures; innermost margin

of lateral groove equal to outer carina; areola slightly

tapered, its length slightly more than twice apical

width. Lateral propodeum on upper part with fine

closely spaced rugulae; lower part with microsetae in

close mat only on border of hind coxa. Tergum 1

with an obsolete and crooked trace of an anterior

transverse carina; preapical band bordered anteriorly

by a low escarpment, not otherwise impressed, irregular, 2 to 3 punctures wide medially. Terga and punctate part of pygidium with long, conspicuous, golden

bristly hairs, terga 3 to 5 with broad, yellow membraneous fringes; terminal punctures scarcely more

than their average diameter from non-membraneous

apices. Pygidium with basal three-fourths coarsely

elongate punctate; impunctate apex a narrow wrinkled

band of about same width throughout.

Length, 9.5 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

49. Tiphia (Tiphia) iquitosa, new species

FIGURE 54

T. iquitosa is known only from two specimens. It belongs to the group in which there is no pronotal transverse carina or basitarsal groove but which has an

anterior transverse carina on the first tergum. In the

key it runs to the same couplet with T. perubra from

which it differs in having a more sparsely punctate

front and a more densely punctate abdomen.

HOLOTYPE.— ? ; Iquitos, Peru, 27-VII to 7-VIII,

1920, Cornell University Expedition Lot 569 (CU).
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FEMALE.—Front on upper half with very coarse

punctures generally of second-degree density without

interspaces as wide as an ocellus. Cheek with mat of

conspicuous white pile. Mandible without preapical

denticle.

Dorsal pronotum without a transverse carina, with

punctures coarse, of first-degree density, tending toward contiguous rows. Lateral pronotum with anterior

process carinate only at humeral angle; with rugulae

in ventral corner and a short, obscure transdiscal

groove. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment and

median patch of dense, coarse punctures. Mesopleuron

on outer disc shagreened, with coarse punctures of

first-degree density; subtegular patch of dense microsetae as wide as tegula. Hind tibia on inner face

strongly ridged; with sensorium black, stoutly clavate,

about a third as wide as joint. Hind basitarsus without

groove. Tegula broadly shagreened without groove on

outer margin. Forewing (Figure 54) densely infumate; stigma separated by more than its length from

basal vein; area of first cubital cell 28.5 times that of

stigma.

Areola of dorsal propodeum broadest caudad of

base, its length slightly more than twice apical width.

Tergum 1 with a strong transverse carina; preapical

band not impressed, a single straight row of large

punctures separated by less than their average diameter. Terga 4 and 5 medially with coarse punctures

relatively uniform in size and distribution. Pygidium

finely elongate punctate on basal half; impunctate

part shagreened to near apex.

Length 14.8 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.—1; Iquitos, Peru, 19-111-1924, F6062

(H. Bassler) (AMNH).

50. Tiphia (Tiphia) perubra, new species

This species which possesses a strong transverse carina

on the first tergum, and lacks a transverse carina on

the dorsal pronotum and a groove on the hind basitarsus, runs in the key to the couplet with T. iquitosa.

It differs from T. iquitosa in having a much more

closely punctate front and dorsal pronotum, and a

more sparsely punctate abdomen.

HOLOTYPK.— $ ; Peru-Brazil frontier, 14-11-1928, F

8007 (II. Bassler) (AMNH).

FKMAI.K.—Front to level of lowest ocellus with contiguous punctures separated only by narrow ridges.

Cheek with mat of coarse, white hair. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with only trace of transverse carina at humeral angle; punctures everywhere as closely

spaced as those of front. Scutum with anteromedian

escarpment not connected with notaulices. Mesopleuron broadly shagreened, with coarse punctures of

first-degree density; subtegular patch of microsetae as

wide as tegula. Hind tibia on inner face strongly

ridged. Hind basitarsus without groove. Tegula broadly shagreened; without groove on outer margin. Forewing densely infuscate; stigma separated by more than

its length from basal vein; radius with rudimentary

spur on first section, but without terminal spur; the

area of the first cubital cell is 17.0 times that of the

stigma.

Areola of dorsal propodeum with its sides slightly

sigmoid and convergent, its length about 3 times apical

width. Tergum 1 with double-arced transverse carina,

not defining a coarsely sculptured area; preapical band

of very small, widely separated punctures, not impressed, poorly defined and about 2 punctures wide.

Terga 3 and 4 sparsely and irregularly punctate, with

broad impunctate apices which are medially about 6

times diameter of adjacent punctures. Pygidium on

basal half; impunctate apex scarcely wrinkled and

shagreened almost to its tip.

Length 12.2 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

51. Tiphia (Tiphia) putumayoa, new species

FIGURE 55

T. putumayoa is described from a single type specimen

in which the locality label is not clearly legible. In the

key it is paired with T. perubra from which it differs

in having sparse punctation on the upper front, and

rugulae of the lateral propodeum which are much

weaker and more closely spaced.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; "La Chorarra" (?), Putumayo

District, Peru, 17/23-VIII-1930, Cornell University

Expedition (CU).

FEMALE.—Front with coarse primary punctures of

first-degree density on lower half, on upper half largely

of second- or third-degree without interspaces as wide

as an ocellus. Mandible with a small preapical notch.

Dorsal pronotum without transverse carina; punctures of nearly uniform overall density which is of

first- and second-degrees. Lateral pronotum with the
NUMBER 1 1 3 41

most conspicuous sculpturing a faint groove across

disc; ventral angle aciculate. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment and notaulices not connected.

Mesopleuron with relatively large primary punctures

separated by distances about equal to average diameter of punctures; long, dense microsetae covering entire mesopleuron except on ventral aspect and a small

supra-spiracular callosity. Hind tibia only slightly

angular in cross section, upper margin not arched.

Hind basitarsus not grooved. Tegula without shagreening or marginal grooves. Forewing (Figure 55)

densely infumate; stigma separated by much more

than its length from basal vein; radius terminating in

a strong outwardly directed spur; the area of the first

cubital cell is 40.0 times that of the stigma.

Dorsal propodeum with its areola nearly rectangular and not more than two and one-half as long as

wide. Lateral propodeum on upper part with extremely fine, closely spaced rugulae becoming evanescent on border of lower part; latter with tuft of curly

microsetae on border of metacoxal cavity. Tergum 1

with well-developed transverse carina, not doubly

arched, and with minute buttressing ridges; preapical

band of small punctures irregularly distributed, separated by more than their average diameters, not well

differentiated from other dorsal punctures, and about

2 punctures wide. Intermediate terga with punctures

of moderate size and of relatively uniform size and distribution; bristles white. Pygidium uniformly punctate

on basal three-fifths, with dark yellow bristles; impunctate apex not shagreened.

Length 10.4 mm.

MALE .—Unknown.

52. Tiphia (Tiphia) gilvapennis, new species

T. gilvapennis is described from a single type specimen. Species of Tiphia with bright red legs and yellow

wings are uncommon in either South or North America. Its bright colors alone would probably serve to

separate this species from other described species in

the Peru-Equador-Bolivia area. In the key it runs to

the group that has no basitarsal groove and no transverse carina on the first tergum. None of the other

species in this group are brightly colored. I have seen

one other specimen somewhat doubtfully included as

a paratype. It was taken in Matto Grosso, Brazil, and

differs from the holotype in having somewhat blackish legs, of which the hind tibia is not carinate on the

inner face and is slightly arched on the upper margin,

the anterior carina of the pronotum is complete and

well-developed. Other characters of head, tegula, lateral propodeum, and first tergum closely resemble

those of the holotype.

HOLOTYPE.— 9 5 Monson Valley, Tingo Maria,

Peru, 29-XI-1954 (E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross)

(CAS).

FEMALE.—Basal joints of antenna, mandibles, impunctate apex of dorsal pronotum, all legs distal to

coxae, tegula and apex of pygidium, bright red. Front

with small punctures of first-degree density not above

lower third, of second-degree along eyes with large

middle area of upper two-thirds having interspaces as

much as two times width of an ocellus. Head width

1.9 times least distance between eyes.

Dorsal pronotum with transverse carina barely

traceable on lateral one-third; punctate part with

small primaries largely of second-degree density, and

a few secondaries medially. Lateral pronotum with a

short, crescent-shaped escarpment on middle without

ventral rugulae. Mesopleuron on anterior slope with

very small primary punctures separated on average by

much more than their diameters; subtegular patch of

dense microsetae wider than tegula. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment not connected with notaulices. Hind tibia on inside with a prominent ridge and

an obscure sensorium flush with surrounding surface.

Hind basitarsus without groove. Tegula without shagreening or groove on outer margin. Forewing with

membrane pale yellow; stigma separated by slightly

less than its length from basal vein; radial cell short,

2.9 times as long as wide; radius without spur in first

section but terminating in short spur directed forward

and outward.

Dorsal propodeum with lateral discal areas glossy,

bearing a few punctures near areola; areola narrowly

keystone-shaped, more than 3 times as long as apical

width. Lateral propodeum on upper part with a very

large number of fine and closely spaced rugulae; lower

part with microsetae limited to small sparse tuft on

posterior fifth. Tergum 1 without transverse carina;

preapical band modified into a narrow polished groove

in which there is only an occasional obscure puncture.

Intermediate terga with moderate-sized punctures of

relatively uniform size and distribution; third and

fourth terga medially with impunctate apices about 4

to 5 times diameter of largest adjacent punctures.
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Pygidium punctate on basal half; impunctate apex

not wrinkled or shagreened.

Length 6.4 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.—Rio Caraguata, Matto Grosso, Brazil,

III-1953 (F. Plaumann) (UK).

53. Tiphia (Tiphia) acadamae, new species

FIGURE 56

This species runs in the key to species which have no

groove in the hind basitarsus and no anterior transverse carina on the first tergum. It differs from santacruzae in having a prominent anteromedian callosity

on sternum 2 and in lacking shagreening on the tegula.

A paratype, collected at the same locality and in the

same year as the holotype, differs from it in not having

a detectable groove on the lateral pronotum, in lacking

terminal rows of micropunctures over the middle of

the terga, in a different cubital-cell-stigma ratio, and

in not having the preapical band as clearly defined.

Despite these differences it resembles the holotype in

so many other respects that I have included it in the

same species.

HOLOTYPE.— °. ; Monson Valley, Tingo Maria,

Peru, 2-XII-1954 (E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross)

(CAS).

Female.—Front with its punctures coarse, deep,

contiguous. Hair of cheek not masking underlying

structure. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum except for narrow impunctate

median vitta with punctures on anterior part everywhere of close first-degree density; transverse carina

lacking. Lateral pronotum with a narrow groove

across disc; ventral corner with fine aciculations.

Scutum with anteromedian escarpment not connected

with notaulices. Mesopleuron on outer disc with large

primary punctures largely of second-degree density

and widely scattered minute secondaries; subtegular

patch of dense microsetae wider than tegula. Legs

black. Hind tibia with inner face strongly ridged, its

sensorium stubbily clavate, about one-fifth width of

joint, flush with surrounding surface. Hind basitarsus without groove. Tegula not shagreened and without groove on outer margin. Forewing (Figure 56)

with its membrane strongly infumated; stigma separated by about its length from basal vein; radius

with sharp bend in its first section one-third distance

to intercubitus, its apex almost without spur; the

area of the first cubital cell is 27.5 times that of the

stigma.

Dorsal propodeum free of punctures or prominent

sculpturing; areola with slightly sigmoid sides, scarcely

converging, length about twice apical width. Lateral

propodeum on upper part with rugulae strong and

widely spaced; lower part posteriorly with a conspicuous brush of dense, fine, short, curly microsetae.

Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina, preapical

band narrowing over middle to a single row of punctures which are small, not impressed with ranging in

intervals up to about 2 puncture diameters. Sternum

2 with keellike callosity. Intermediate terga with moderate-sized punctures of relatively uniform size and

distribution, those of tergum 3 over middle separated

from apex by 4 to 5 times diameter of largest adjacent punctures; apices of terga 2 and 3 with an

obscure row of micropunctures. Pygidium on basal

half closely rugose punctate, the punctures irregularly

separated from the impunctate apex; apical half

faintly shagreened basally.

Length 12.2 to 13.0 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.—1; same locality as holotype, 3-X-1954

(E. I. Schlinger and E. S. Ross) (CAS).

54. Tiphia (Tiphia) bassleri, new species

FIGURE 57

This species is characterized by the absence of a

groove on the hind basitarsus, no transverse carina

on the anterior part of tergum 1 or median callosity

on the second sternum. The tibial sensorium is large,

short and reddish, the tegula is broadly shagreened,

and there is usually at least a median section of a

transverse carina on the dorsal pronotum. One specimen which has been listed as a paratype was not collected at the type locality. This has most of the

characters of the holotype but has a low, complete

transverse carina on the dorsal pronotum and has

distinct rugulae in the ventral angle of the lateral

pronotum.

HOLOTYPE.— <j? ; "Achinamiza," Peru, 9-1-1926,

F 6007 (H. Bassler) (AMNH).

FEMALE.—Front on upper half with punctures generally of second-degree density without interspaces

as wide as an ocellus. Hair of cheeks short and fine,
NUMBER 1 1 3 43

not masking underlying area. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with faint transverse carina in

middle section but absent at humeral angle; punctures largely of first-degree density but somewhat

irregularly distributed. Lateral pronotum without

transdiscal groove, with scattered punctures and

without rugulae. Scutum with a plaque of contiguous

punctures, lacking interspersed secondaries; anteromedian escarpment not connected with notaulices.

Mesopleuron on outer disc with moderate-sized punctures largely of second- or first-degree density with

widely scattered secondaries; subtegular patch of

dense microsetae broader than tegula. Legs black to

piceous. Hind tibia with carinate inner face; sensorium reddish, triangular, about one-fourth as wide as

joint and only slightly longer than wide, flush with

surrounding surface. Hind basitarsus without groove.

Tegula broadly fine shagreened without groove on

outer margin. Forewing (Figure 57) with its membrane deeply infuscate; stigma very small and separated by much more than its length from basal vein;

radius with obscure spur on first section and rudimentary outwardly directed terminal stump; first

cubital cell with an area 27.5 times that of stigma.

Dorsal propodeum beside areola without any coarse

sculpturing; areola with straight sides, slightly tapered,

3 times as long as apical width. Lateral propodeum

on more than half of lower part with conspicuous mat

of microsetae. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse

carina; preapical band not impressed and consisting

of a single row of coarse punctures separated by much

less than their average diameter. Intermediate terga

with punctures of somewhat variable size and distribution, at middles with impunctate apices several

times diameters of largest adjacent punctures. Sternum 2 without anteromedian callosity. Terga 2 and

3 without apical rows of micropunctures. Pygidium

elongate punctate on basal half; impunctate part

conspicuously shagreened to near apex.

Length 13.8 to 14.9 mm.

PARATYPE.—Tumupasa, Bolivia, XII-1921 (W. M.

Mann) (USNM).

Southern South America

Key to Males: Southern South America

1. Sternum 5 with lateral denticles 2

Sternum 5 without lateral denticles 9

2. Tergum 1 with anterior transverse carina 3

Tergum without anterior transverse carina 5

3. Sterna 3 and 4 each with inverted U-shaped escarpments laterally

55. T. vincenta, new species

Sterna 3 and 4 without lateral U-shaped escarpments 4

4. Terga 2 and 3 with a conspicuous row of moderate-sized, preapical punctures connected

on their anterior margins by an escarpment which is not crooked or infolded

56. T. cosquina, new species

Terga 2 and 3 with a conspicuous infolded preapical incision, at places curved around

anterior margins of very coarse, shallow punctures 57. T. jujuya, new species

5. Terga 3, 4, and 5 each with a conspicuous transverse row of very coarse punctures which

are dimpled and expanded laterally 58. T. teutonia, new species

Terga 3, 4, and 5 with relatively small punctures of nearly uniform size .6

6. Dorsal pronotum without transverse carina; radial cell in lateral extension greatly exceeded

by second cubital cell 59. T. jonesi Turner

Dorsal pronotum with complete transverse carina 7

7. Radial cell of forewing greatly exceeded in lateral extension by second cubital cell

60. T. sierra, new species

Radial cell of forewing exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension 8

8. Mesopleuron on anterior face with very numerous secondary punctures; inner face of hind

tibia prominently carinate 61.7". alpha, new species

Mesopleuron on anterior face with only a few scattered secondary punctures; inner face of

hind tibia not carinate 62. T. gamma, new species
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

9. Tergum 1 with anterior transverse carina 10

Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina 16

10. Terga 3, 4 and 5 each with a well-defined escarpment around anterior part 11

Terga 3, 4 and 5 without anterior encircling escarpments 12

11. Radial cell of forewing equal to or only slightly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral

extension; middle area of terga 3 and 4 with numerous punctures, none of which are

greatly enlarged 63. T. parkeri, new species

Radial cell of forewing greatly exceeds second cubital in lateral extension; middle area of

terga 3 and 4 with punctures greatly reduced in numbers and greatly enlarged

64. T. plaumanni, new species

12. Cheek narrower than an antennal fossa 65. T. colalao, new species

Cheek as wide or wider than antennal fossa 13

13. Intermediate terga terminating in belts of dense, white bristles; their punctures not enlarged

and of uniform size 66. T. walzi, new species

Intermediate terga at apices at most with a single terminal row of widely spaced bristles . 14

14. Dorsal propodeum outside areola coarsely reticulate with crooked rugulae converging from

areola and the very high transverse carina toward spiracular cavity

67. T. arnaui, new species

Dorsal propodeum outside areola not coarsely reticulate or rugulose 15

15. Head width 2.1 to 2.2 times least distance between eyes 68. T. beta, new species

Head width 1.8 and 1.9 times least distance between eyes .69 . T. cut at inn, new species

16. Several punctures of terga 3 and 4 greatly enlarged and dimpled 17

None of punctures of terga 3 and 4 much larger than their neighboring punctures 19

17. Terga 3, 4, and 5 without an escarpment on anterior border of punctate part, but each with

a belt of short, erect microscopic bristles 70. T. saopaula, new species

Terga 3, 4, and 5 with an escarpment on anterior border of punctate part, without belts of

microscopic bristles 18

18. Escarpment on anterior border of terga 3, 4, and 5 strongly developed; preapical band of

tergum 1 a deep groove without punctures 71. T. lassana, new species

Escarpment on anterior border of 3, 4, and 5 weakly developed; preapical band of tergum

1 not deeply impressed and consisting of well-separated punctures

72. T. cornelliana, new species

19. Preapical band of tergum 1 abruptly impressed on anterior border 20

Preapical band of tergum 1 not impressed 21

20. Lateral propodeum with widely spaced rugulae; transverse carina of pronotum buttressed

its entire length with cross ridges 73. T. diamantina, new species

Lateral propodeum with many closely spaced rugulae; transverse carina of pronotum not

buttressed with cross ridges 74. T. cumana, new species

21. Radial cell of forewing greatly exceeds second cubital cell in lateral extension

75. T. uruouma, new species

Radial cell of forewing equal to second cell in lateral extension 76. T. sankutei, new species

Key to Females: Southern South America

1. Hind basitarsus on inner face with longitudinal groove 2

Hind basitarsus on inner face without groove 6

2. Tergum 1 with anterior transverse carina 3

Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina 4

3. Mandible with sharp-pointed preapical denticle; rugulae of upper lateral propodeum coarse

and widely separated 62. T. parkeri, new species

Mandible without preapical denticle; rugulae on upper lateral propodeum fine and closely

spaced 77. T. meridionalis, Turner

4. Mitral-shaped enclosure of dorsal propodeum obsolete; pygidium impunctate on not more

than apical third; rugulae of lateral propodeum numerous and closely spaced

78. T. makdona, new species

Mitral-shaped enclosure of dorsal propodeum clearly outlined; pygidium impunctate on

apical half; rugulae on anterior half of lateral propodeum widely separated 5
NUMBER 1 1 3

5. Median-sized species; second sternum with perceptible median callosity; upper front and

anterior dorsal pronotum without interspaces as wide as an ocellus; lateral pronotum

without trace of groove across disc; impunctate apex of pygidium without rugulae or

longitudinal wrinkles 79. T. margareta, new species

Large species: second sternum without median callosity; upper front and anterior dorsal

pronotum with interspaces as wide as an ocellus; lateral pronotum usually with narrow

groove across disc; impunctate apex of pygidium with longitudinal wrinkles or ridges ..

80. T. gigantea Turner

6. Exceptionally slender species with propodeum 1.4 times as long as wide

81. T. elongata Turner

Species not exceptionally slender; propodeum rarely longer than wide 7

7. Tergum 1 with an anterior transverse carina; scutum without anteromedian escarpment 9

Tergum 1 without an anterior transverse carina 10

8. Scutum with an anteromedian escarpment 82. T. selloi, new species

Scutum without anteromedian escarpment 9

9. Terga with dense apical bands of white bristles; preapical band of tergum 1 not bordered

anteriorly by an escarpment 65. T. walzi, new species

Terga without dense apical bands of bristles; preapical band of tergum 1 bordered anteriorly

by an escarpment 83. T. cordoba, new species

10. Preapical band on tergum 1 bordered on anterior margin by an escarpment 11

Preapical band of tergum 1 without escarpment on anterior border 13

11. Tibiae conspicuously inflated on outer face 84. T. michelbacheri, new species

Tibiae not inflated on outer face 12

12. Propodeal areola unusually slender, about 4 times as long as apical width; rugulae of lateral

propodeum very numerous and closely spaced; micropunctures of anterior mesopleuron

not continued below angle of prepectal ridge 85. T. parana, new species

Propodeal areola much less than 3 times as long as long as apical width; rugulae of lateral

propodeum coarse and widely spaced; micropunctures of anterior mesopleuron continued

ventrally far below angle of prepectal ridge 86. T. shannon*, new species

13. Sensorium of hind tibia an abruptly and deeply sunken pit.... 87. T. tucumanae, new species

Sensorium of hind tibia not abruptly or deeply sunk below surrounding area 14

14. Very large species with mesopleuron almost devoid of primary punctures

88. T. malleri, new species

Small to medium-sized species with numerous punctures on upper part of mesopleuron .1 5

15. Sternum 2 with a strong anteromedian callosity 89. T. inusitata, new species

Sternum 2 without anteromedian callosity 16

16. Transverse carina of dorsal pronotum incomplete 90. T. annabella, new species

Transverse carina of dorsal pronotum complete 17

17. Impunctate apex of pygidium broadly and coarsely shagreened; areola of dorsal propodeum

less than 3 times as long as apical width 91. T. corumba, new species

Impunctate apex of pygidium polished; areola of dorsal propodeum very slender, about 4

times as long as apical width 92. T. tonia, new species

55. Tiphia (Tiphia) vincenta, new species

FIGURE 26

This species has been described from a single male

specimen. I have seen no other species from the

Americas, Asia, or Africa having the peculiar Ushaped escarpments of the sterna found in this species.

HOLOTYPE.—cf ; Sao Vincenti, Sao Paulo, Brazil,

IV-1954 (R. N. H. Kraus) (USNM).

MALE.—Front with coarse, contiguous punctures

on lower half with a few interspersed secondaries,

upper half sparsely punctate with numerous interspaces wider than an ocellus. Head 2.1 times as wide

as least distance between eyes. Cheek about as wide

as an antennal fossa. Mandible with a rudimentary

preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with high transverse carina strongly buttressed from side to side, with much elongated

cross ridges; laterally with a small cluster of coarse

punctures, over middle area with only about 30

small and widely separated punctures. Lateral pronotum with anterior process sharp-crested to ventral

terminus; with fine rugulae in ventral corner, and a

crescent-shaped escarpment across middle disc. Meso-
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

30

FIGURES 26-31.—26, Male of Tiphia vincenta, new species, from Sao Vincent, Brazil, sterna showing U-shaped escarpments and denticle. 27, male of Tiphia teutonia from "Nova" Teutonia,

Brazil, showing lateral view of tergum 1. 28-31, male and female of Tiphia parkeri, new species,

from Sao Paulo, Brazil: 28, female mandible. 29, female tergum 1 showing transverse carina;

30, male mandible; 31, male terga showing transverse escarpment anterior to punctures. (sd=

sternal denticle. j«=sternal escarpment, te—transverse escarpment.)
NUMBER 1 1 3 47

pleuron with anterior slope bearing small primaries

of third-degree density and secondaries that are less

numerous than primaries except on subtegular slope;

subtegular area with patch of microsetae much narrower than tegula. Fore and middle legs largely

piceous. Hind tibia on inner face sharply carinate,

the carina not expanded about slitlike sensorium.

Tegula glossy, without marginal grooves. Forewing

with hyaline membrane; radial cell slightly exceeding

second cubital cell in lateral extension; sectors of

second cubital cell in relation to inner sector (itob)

are 10:28:18:24.

Dorsal propodeum lateral to areola polished except on rugulose upper third; areola keystone-shaped,

about one and one-half times as long as apical width;

median carina arborescent. Lateral propodeum with

middle rugulae very widely spaced. Tergum 1 with

high transverse carina buttressed with cross ridges

from side to side; preapical band irregular, diffuse,

not impressed, 2 to 3 punctures wide, the punctures

separated by much more than their average diameter.

Abdominal terga with punctures very sparse and

small, generally separated by much more than their

average diameter, on terga 2 to 5 terminating in transverse rows near middles of exposed part of terga.

Sterna 3, 4, and 5 (Figure 26) with paired inverted

U-shaped escarpments. Sternum 5 with a broad appressed lateral denticle.

Length 5.5 mm.

FEMALE .—Unknown.

56. Tiphia (Tiphia) cosquina, new species

This species has several unusual characters which

include the extremely coarse punctures of head, dorsal

pronotum, scutum and mesopleuron, and also the

tergal escarpments linking the terminal rows of

punctures. It is also numbered among the few South

American species having denticles on sternum 5.

HOLOTYPE.— d1; "Cosquin, Sierra de Cordoba,"

Argentina, 1/9-III-1920 (Harris) (CU).

MALE.—Front with conspicuously coarse primary

punctures contiguous on lower front and broadly so

along eye orbits, sparse on a small area of middle

upper front without interspaces as wide as an ocellus;

secondaries absent. Head width 2.0 times least distance

between eyes. Cheek slightly wider than an antennal

fossa.

Dorsal pronotum with an exceptionally high transverse carina, buttressed by many elongate cross ridges

which are almost half as long as median length of

pronotum; medially with only one row of punctures

posterior to buttressing ridges. Lateral pronotum with

an obscure crescent-shaped escarpment on middle

disc. Scutum completely coarse punctate with interspaces reduced to high reticulum. Mesopleuron with

exceptionally coarse contiguous punctures covering

all slopes except the ventral; without secondary punctures or subtegular microsetae. Legs largely black.

Hind tibia with inner face strongly carinate; sensorium elongate oval and sunk slightly below level of

narrow surrounding ridges. Tegula very faintly shagreened dorsally, without groove on outer margin.

Forewing deeply infumate; radial cell very slightly

exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension;

sectors of second cubital cell in terms of inner sector

(itob) are 10:30:21:27.

Dorsal propodeum with lateral discs coarsely reticulate; areola tapered not over one-fourth longer

than apical width, median carina a narrow triangle

connected with lateral carinae by strong, straight

cross ridges. Posterior aspect of propodeum dorsally

with many strongly anastomosing rugulae merging

to finely reticulate apically. Tergum 1 with a strong

transverse carina bordered by a row of irregularly contiguous punctures; preapical band a single row of

punctures separated usually by distances about equal

to their average diameter, not impressed apically but

with an irregular escarpment linking their anterior

margins. Terga 2 to 6 with punctures increasing in

size from base to apex of each segment without any

grossly enlarged, dimpled primaries; terminal row

of each segment connected by a conspicuous escarpment. Sterna with similar apical transverse escarpments. Sternum 5 with a small, appressed, broadly

triangular lateral denticle.

Length 9.0 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

Described from a single specimen mounted in two

pieces. The abdomen was detached and remounted

by the author while attempting to repair the loose

original mounting.

57. Tiphia (Tiphia) jujuya, new species

Only 6 described species of male Tiphia from southern

South America have sternal denticles. One other
48

species, T. cosquina, has a transverse carina on tergum

1. In T. jujuya the preapical escarpments on the

abdominal terga are stronger, at places infolded, and

wind in and out around the anterior margins of

adjacent, greatly enlarged preapical punctures.

Known only from the holotype specimen.

HOLOTYPE.— ($ ; "San Juancito," Jujuy, Argentina,

27-11-1920 (CU).

MALE.—Front with median-sized primary punctures

of well-separated first-degree density, except on a

small area anterior to ocellar triangle; lower half

with numerous secondaries. Head width 1.9 times

least distance between eyes. Antennal flagellum 1.19

times head width. Cheek wider than an antennal fossa.

(One mandible defective).

Dorsal pronotum with high, sharp transverse carina

flanked by sulcus which is crossed by numerous short

ridges. Lateral pronotum with a deep, slenderly

crescent-shaped excavation across middle disc. Mesopleuron on outer disc with median-sized primary

punctures separated in some directions by intervals

exceeding their average diameter; interspersed secondaries minute and much more numerous than

primaries. Legs partly piceous. Hind tibia obscurely

carinate on inner face. Tegula without shagreening

or groove about outer margin. Forewing with membrane moderately infumated; radial cell much exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension; sectors of

second cubital cell in terms of inner sector are (itob)

10:28:17:25.

Dorsal propodeum with area beside areola only

faintly sculptured; areola keystone-shaped, only slightly longer than apical width. Tergum 1 with high transverse carina extending evenly all the way across

dorsum and bordered by a narrow, obscurely scalariform sulcus; preapical band a single row of coarse,

more or less coalesced punctures, impressed, with

trace of escarpment on anterior border. Terga 2, 3,

and 4 with conspicuous, more or less infolded preapical escarpment, curving in and out about anterior

border of very large, subobsolete punctures, and

followed by a distinct apical row of much smaller

punctures. Sternum 5 with lateral denticle terminating

in small, conical, elevated point. Sternum 4 with a

much smaller lateral denticle.

Length 8.2 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

58. Tiphia (Tiphia) ten ton ia, new species

FIGURE 27

This species which has a rudimentary transverse incision of tergum 1 in the region of the preapical band,

is in that respect similar to the Asiatic subgenus

Jaynesia, but there is no close resemblance in other

characters. The peculiar enlarged punctation of the

abdominal terga is similar to that found in jujuya

but unlike that species it has no trace of a transverse

carina on tergum 1.

HOLOTYPE.—cf ; "Nova" Teutonia, Brazil 27°11'S

by 52°23'W, 300-500 m, February 1965 (Fritz Plaumann) (CNC).

MALE.—Front with coarse deep punctures of firstdegree density on lower half and along eyes, but of

third-degree medially on upper half with several

interspaces as wide as an ocellus; without secondaries

on upper half; head width 2.3 times least distance

between eyes; cheek not wider than an antennal

fossa. Clypeal extension strongly bidentate. Mandible

with a rudimentary preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with a high, prominent transverse

carina; its bordering sulcus with only obscure cross

ridges; punctures large, sparsely distributed, with

many interspaces exceeding diameter of largest punctures. Lateral pronotum with anterior process low

and broadly rounded ventrally; disc aciculate and

irregularly rugulose without well-defined transdiscal

groove. Legs entirely black. Hind coxa without ridge

between inner and ventral faces. Hind tibia on inner

face without carina or naked stripe; sensorium minute, slitlike. Tegula without marginal grooves. Forewing with membrane moderately infumate; lateral

extension of radial cell greatly exceeding that of

second cubital cell; sectors of second cubital cell in

terms of inner sector (itob) are 10:23:17:18.

Dorsal propodeum beside areola smooth and

glossy; areola strongly tapered, its length twice, and

its base almost twice apical width. Tergum 1 (Figure

27) with dorsum very sparsely punctate; preapical

band consisting of a single row of deeply impressed,

coalesced punctures bordered anteriorly by a sharpcrested, overhanging transverse carina. Terga 2 and

3 in middles with an anterior transverse band of fine

punctures separated from a preapical row of irregularshaped, very large dimpled punctures, and on terga

3 with an apical row of much smaller punctures.

Pygidium without lateral groove and carina border-
NUMBER 1 13 49

ing punctate part. Sternum 5 with small, spinose,

decumbent lateral denticles.

Length 7.0 to 7.8 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—2; same data as holotype (CNC).

59. Tiphia (Tiphia) jonesii Turner

Tiphia jonesii Turner, 1908:130.—Allen 1962:67.

Turner described this species from southern Brazil.

He stated that his description was based on 2 specimens and that the type was in the British Museum.

The author redescribed a specimen in the British

Museum labeled as B.M. Hymenoptera Type No.

15.1176. Since there seemed to be some uncertainty

as to whether Turner designated a holotype, Allen

designated as lectotype this specimen from Castro,

Parana, Brazil, collected in 1905 by E. D. Jones. This

species belongs to a relatively small group of southern

South American species in which there is, in the male,

a denticle on the fifth sternum, relatively small tergal

punctures and no transverse carina on tergum 1. The

possession of a very short radial cell much exceeded

in lateral extension by the second cubital cell is unusual.

LECTOTYPE.— cf ; Castro, Parana, Brazil, 1905, E. D.

Jones, British Museum Type No. 15.1176.

MALE.—Front on upper half with interspaces as

wide as an ocellus; secondary punctures continued

into upper half. Cheek at least one and one-half times

as wide as antennal fossa. Mandible obscurely cusped.

Dorsal pronotum with its transverse carina lacking

except at humeral angle. Lateral pronotum without

groove across its disc. Mesopleuron on its outer disc

with primary punctures largely of third-degree density and interspersed secondaries much more numerous than primaries. Legs largely black. Hind tibia on

inner face with naked longitudinal stripe. Tegula with

outer and posterior margins somewhat angular; without shagreening or groove on outer margin. Forewing

with membrane hyaline; radial cell in lateral extension

much exceeded by second cubital cell in which the

apical section is sloped inward toward costal margin.

Dorsal propodeum with areola keystone shaped;

length about twice apical width. Posterior aspect of

propodeum without conspicuous sculpturing. Tergum

1 without transverse carina; preapical band shallowly

impressed, in middle half with discrete punctures about

2 punctures wide. Intermediate terga with punctures

of nearly equal size, uniformly distributed. Fifth

sternum with low, transverse lateral denticle.

This species is known to the author only from the

lectotype specimen. The above descriptive notes were

derived from my redescription (Allen 1962). The

whereabouts of the second specimen mentioned by

Turner is unknown to me.

60. Tiphia (Tiphia) sierra, new species

FIGURE 48

Tiphia sierra is similar to T. jonesii in having radial

cell terminating far mesad of second cubital cell, in

the presence of lateral denticles on the fifth sternum,

and absence of a transverse carina on the first tergum.

It differs in having a complete pronotal carina, coarse

primary punctures and no secondaries on the anterior mesopleuron, and in the strongly sculptured dorsal propodeum.

HOLOTYPE.— cf ; "Cosquin, Sierra de Cordoba,"

Argentina, 1/9-III-1920 (CU).

MALE.—Front with punctures of first-degree density except for small area anterior to ocellar triangle

where they are of third-degree; no secondaries on

upper half. Antennal flagellum stout, 1.48 times as

long as head width. Head width 1.9 least distance

between eyes. Cheek wider than antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with low, but complete, transverse carina; without bordering sulcus. Lateral pronotum finely aciculate, without groove across its disc.

Mesopleuron on entire anterior slope except near

tegula with very close, contiguous punctures, and almost no secondaries. Legs with inner faces of fore

and hind tibiae somewhat reddish. Hind tibia on inner

face with a naked stripe broadened about clavate

sensorium. Tegula without shagreening, or groove

about outer margin. Forewing (Figure 48) with membrane almost hyaline; radial cell much exceeded by

second cubital cell, the anterior margins of these 2

cells strongly sloped inward toward costal margin.

Sectors in terms of inner sector (itob) are 10:26:-

21:32.

Dorsal propodeum with areas lateral to areola

strongly reticulopunctate; areola with strongly convergent sides, its length more than 2 times, and its base

nearly 2 times apical width. Posterior aspect of pro-
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

podeum not strongly sculptured. Tergum 1 without

anterior transverse carina; dorsal area with numerous

large, shallow, widely separated punctures; preapical

band in shallow depression and consisting of a single

row of large, shallow, well-separated punctures. Intermediate terga with coarse, shallow punctures, none

of which are conspicuously enlarged, but which are

rather evenly distributed. Sternum 5 with appressed,

crescent-shaped lateral denticle.

Length 6.5 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

Known only from the holotype specimen.

61. Tiphia (Tiphia) alpha, new species

T. alpha resembles T. gamma in having a denticle on

the fifth sternum, no carina on tergum 1, and no

enlarged punctures on the intermediate terga. It

differs in having numerous secondary punctures on

the anterior mesopleuron, a much shorter areola, and

a carinate inner face of the tibia. There are other

minor differences.

HOLOTYPE.— o"; "Bello Horizonte," Brazil (M.

Gerais) l-XI-1919 (CU).

MALE.—Front with punctures of close first-degree

density on lower third and along inner eye, of thirddegree elsewhere with 1 or 2 interspaces as wide as

an ocellus. Head width 2.4 times least distance between eyes (2 measured were 2.3, 2.4). Cheek narrower than antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with complete, high transverse

carina; bordering sulcus crossed by numerous short,

buttressing ridges; punctures largely of third-degree

density. Lateral pronotum without groove on middle

disc. Mesopleuron with greater part of anterior slope

having small, widely separated primary punctures,

and much more numerous secondaries. Legs somewhat reddish on inner surfaces and at joints. Hind

tibia on inner face strongly carinate. Tegula not

shagreened; with shallow groove on apical margin

continued a short distance about outer apical angle.

Forewing with membrane almost hyaline; radial cell

much exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension. Sectors of second cubital cell in terms of

inner sector (itob) are 10:25:18:17.

Dorsal propodeum with area bordering areola only

faintly sculptured; areola keystone-shaped, its length

2 times, and its base only slightly wider than, apical

width. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina;

preapical band abruptly impressed on anterior border

and consisting of single row of coarse punctures which

are much compressed laterally. Intermediate terga of

medium-sized punctures none of which are conspicuously enlarged. Sternum 5 with small, appressed

lateral denticle.

Length 6.8 to 7.3 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.—1; same data as holotype. (CU).

62. Tiphia (Tiphia) gamma, new species

This small species has denticles on the fifth sternum,

no transverse carina on the first tergum, only fine

punctures on the intermediate terga, and a radial cell

exceeding the second cubital cell in lateral extension.

It differs from T. alpha in having only sparse secondary punctures on the anterior face of the mesopleuron, and a longer areola with a narrower apex.

HOLOTYPE.— cf ; "Nova" Teutonia, Brazil, 27°H'B,

52°23'L, 300-500 m, 14-VIII-1962 (Fritz Plaumann)

(CNC).

MALE.—Front on lower half with many punctures

separated by distances greater than their average

diameter; on upper half with interspaces wider than

an ocellus; secondaries confined to lower third.

Antennal flagellum 1.31 times as long as head width.

Head width 2.2 times least distance between eyes.

Cheek slightly narrower than antennal fossa. Mandible

without preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with sharp, high carina; bordering

sulcus traversed by many moderately distinct cross

ridges; lateral discs of punctate part with fine

punctures separated by several times their average

diameter. Lateral pronotum with anterior process low

and broadly rounded for its entire length; without

groove across middle disc. Mesopleuron on outer disc

with only a few small and very widely scattered

punctures separated by several times their average

diameter; no interspersed secondaries; subtegular

patch of microsetae obsolete. Legs piceous. Hind

tibia on inner face without trace of carina or naked

streak. Tegula with outer margin orbicular; without

marginal grooves. Forewing with membrane moderately infumate; radial cell greatly exceeding second

cubital cell in lateral extension; second cubital cell

much elongated, its sectors in terms of inner sector

(itob) are 10:25:15:19.
NUMBER 1 1 3 51

Dorsal propodeum beside areola not rugose or

reticulate; areola elongate, tapered, its length more

than 3 times and base almost 2 times apical width.

Tergum 1 without transverse carina; preapical band

of large, shallow, irregular punctures, 1 puncture wide

and abruptly impressed only on anterior border. Intermediate terga with only small primary punctures

of nearly uniform size. Sternum 5 with an appressed

lateral denticle lunate on inner edge. Sternum 6 with

only short, sparse, decumbent hairs.

Length 4.8 to 6.1 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—2; "Nova" Teutonia, Santa Catarina,

Brazil, 3-XI-1955 and 28-XI-1956 (F. Plaumann)

(CU).

63. Tiphia (Tiphia) parkeri, new species

FIGURES 28, 29, 30, 31

This is one of the few described species of Tiphia

from South America represented by an adequate

series, and the only one linked by rearing from a

known host. The female is selected as the holotype

because of the unusual occurrence in that sex of a

cusped mandible and an anterior transverse carina on

tergum 1. The male is unusual in possessing strong

preapical mandibular denticles and encircling escarpments anterior to the punctures on the intermediate

abdominal terga.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; Sao Paulo, Brazil, host JD. rugifrons, no. 802, 24-V-1943 (Parker) (USNM).

FEMALE.—Front with coarse, deep punctures of

first-degree density everywhere except for small strip

anterior to lowest ocellus; secondaries lacking. Clypeal

extension bilobate on front shorter than antennal base

line. Mandible (Figure 28) slender, with a small but

distinct preapical notch.

Dorsal pronotum without trace of transverse carina;

punctures coarse, deep, and of first-degree density

medially and in transverse band. Lateral pronotum

with series of rugulae in ventral corner; without

groove across middle disc. Mesopleuron on anterior

slope with coarse, round punctures, principally of

first-degree density, and almost free of secondaries;

subtegular patch of dense microsetae broader than

tegula. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment and

notaulices not connected. Legs black. Hind tibia on

inner face with carina complete; sensorium small,

clavate, flush with surrounding area. Hind basitarsus

grooved. Tegula sometimes lacking shagreening, sometimes faintly but broadly shagreened; without groove

on outer margin., Forewing moderately infumate;

stigma separated by more than its length from basal

vein; radius without backward directed spur on first

section, or terminal spur.

Dorsal propodeum almost free of sculpturing except

for broad area of extremely fine shagreening within

and outside areola; areola with slightly sigmoid sides,

slightly more than twice as long as apical width.

Lateral propodeum on upper part with strong, widely

separated rugulae; lower part with dense microsetae

on posterior half bordering coxal cavity. Tergum 1

(Figure 29) with long, thin transverse carina; anterior aspect medially with elongate patch of dense,

minute punctures; preapical band a single impressed

row of large punctures somewhat irregularly spaced

and aligned. Intermediate terga with coarse, deep

punctures fairly uniform in size and distribution except for a small nearly impunctate band on tergum

3; terminal punctures separated from apices by about

3 times their average diameter. Pygidium rugose

punctate on basal half; usually with well-defined

median emargination; impunctate apex wrinkled and

obscurely shagreened near punctate part.

Length 10.0 to 13.4 mm.

ALLOTYPE.— o* ; same data as holotype except date

which is 11-VI (USNM).

MALE.—Front with primary punctures of firstdegree density on lower two-thirds and above along

eyes, thinning to third-degree in a small area about

ocellar triangle but without interspaces wider than an

ocellus; small secondaries abundant on lower twothirds. Head width 2.0 times least distance between

eyes (3 measured were 2.0, 2.0, 2.0). Cheek slightly

wider than antennal fossa. Mandible (Figure 30)

with a strong preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with a sharp-crested transverse

carina; bordering sulcus without cross ridges; punctures moderately coarse. Lateral pronotum broadly

aciculate with a crescent-shaped escarpment across

middle disc. Mesopleuron on anterior slope with

punctures ranging from first-degree density near

prepectus to third-degree near crest; minute secondaries, at least near prepectus more numerous than

primaries; without narrow subtegular patch of dense

microsetae. Legs black. Hind tibia carinate on inner

face. Tegula not shagreened; posterior marginal
52

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

groove terminating at outer apical corner in a line

of irregular punctures, outer margin not grooved.

Forewing with hyaline membrane; radial cell equaling

or slightly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension; sectors of second cubital cell in terms of

inner sector (itob) are 10:23:18:24.

Dorsal propodeum relatively smooth; areola slightly

tapered, about one and one-fourth times as long as

apical width, median carina usually more than half

complete and slenderly triangular. Lateral propodeum

on upper part strongly rugulose, the rugulae widely

separated and of uniform coarseness to caudal corner.

First abdominal segment short. Tergum 1 with strong,

thin-crested transverse carina; preapical band a single

row of coarse punctures, not impressed, separated

from each other by less than their average diameter

and from apex by slightly more than a diameter.

Terga 3, 4, and 5 (Figure 31) with a conspicuous

transverse escarpment anterior to punctures; punctures oblique or dimpled and somewhat coarser in

middle areas of terga. Sternum 5 without lateral

denticles.

Length 6.5 to 9.1 mm.

PARATYPES.—The following females reared by

Parker from D. rugifrons from Sao Paulo, Brazil

(USNM) : 1; 15-11-1942. 1; 16-11-1942. 1; 7—III1942. 2; 10-1-1943. 1; 17-11-1943. 1; 24-V-1943.

1; 9-VII-1943. 1; 22-111. 1; 27-V. 3; 8-VI. 1; 11-

VI. 1; 27—VII. The following females reared by

Parker from Scarabeidae from Sao Paulo, Brazil

(USNM): 1; 4-VII-1942. 1; VIII-1942. The following males reared by Parker from D. rugifrons from

Sao Paulo, Brazil (USNM): 1; 12-11. 1; 16-11.

There is also 1 male ex Scarabeidae, raised by Parker

from Sao Paulo, VIII-1942 (USNM) and 1 male

collected by Silveira from foliage, Sao Paulo, January,

1942, which oddly enough is mounted with a cocoon

(USNM). In addition there are from Sao Paulo,

Brazil, 8 females and 1 male reared specimens in

which the data is obscured but which appear to

belong to the above series reared from D. rugifrons

(USNM).

This species is named in honor of Dr. H. L. Parker

who for many years was in the foreign service of the

United States Department of Agriculture as a specialist on beneficial insects useful in biological control

of plant pests. The specimens in the type series were

all obtained by the Montevideo laboratory of the

United States Department of Agriculture. In the

process of relaxing the specimens, essential for satisfactory identification, the ink used on some of the

labels became smeared and illegible.

64. Tiphia (Tiphia) plaumanni, new species

FIGURE 32

This species is quite distinct from any other known

species from South America. It differs from T. parkeri

in having the radial cell of the forewing greatly exceeding the second cubital cell and in having much

coarser abdominal punctures. It is known only from

the holotype specimen.

HOLOTYPE.— o* ; "Nova" Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 3-II-1954. (Fritz Plaumann) (UK).

MALE.—Front with moderate-sized punctures of

first-degree density to level of lowest ocellus with

secondaries on lower half. Antennal flagellum 1.28

times head width. Head width 2.2 times least distance

between eyes. Cheek not wider than antennal fossa.

Mandible with short but massive preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with high transverse carina bordered by a prominent scalariform sulcus; punctures

tending toward third-degree density except along

sulcus. Lateral pronotum with anterior process

sharply carinate to ventral angle and prominent at

humeral angle; disc deeply depressed at center, irregularly rugulose without well-developed transdiscal

groove. Mesopleuron on anterior slope with punctures ranging from first- to third-degree density,

minute secondaries more numerous than primaries.

Hind tibia on inner face carinate, not expanded

around small, slitlike sensorium. Tegula glossy with

no groove on outer margin. Forewing with membrane slightly infumate; lateral extension of radial

cell greatly exceeds that of second cubital cell.

Dorsal propodeum with its areola keystone-shaped,

about one and one-half times as long as apical width;

area lateral to areola microscopically aciculate. Tergum 1 with strong transverse carina complete from

edge to edge and bordered by a transverse band of

shallow, irregular punctures; preapical band an impressed single row of coarse, closely spaced punctures

separated from apex by not more than width of its

largest punctures. Terga (Figure 32) 3, 4, and 5 each

with a conspicuous anterotransverse groove, and a

very few large punctures some of which are con-
NUMBE R 11 3 53

W 33

34

36

FIGURES 32—36.—32, Male of Tiphia plaumanni, new species, from "Nova" Teutonia, Brazil, terga

3 and 4 showing antero-transverse grooves. 33, male of Tiphia walzi, new species, from San

Pedro de Colalao, Argentina, tergum showing belts of bristles. 34, male of Tiphia beta, new

species, from "Nova" Teutonia, Brazil, head outline. 35, male of Tiphia catarina, new species,

from Santa Catarina, Brazil, head outline. 36, female of Tiphia cordoba, new species, from

"Cosquin, Sierra de Cordoba," Argentina, scutum showing absence of anteromedian escarpment.

(tg= tergal groove.)
54

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

spicuously dimpled; apices with obscure punctures

or gouges. Sternum 5 without lateral denticles.

Length 6.4 mm.

FE MALE .—Unknown.

without lateral denticles. Sternum 6 without median

tuft of erect hairs.

Length 7.5 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

65. Tiphia (Tiphia) colalao, new species

T. colalao is known only from the holotype male. Its

most distinctive characters are the narrow cheek, the

obscure transverse carina of tergum 1, the narrow,

deeply impressed preapical band of tergum 1 consisting of unusually coarse punctures, and the enlarged,

dimpled punctures of the intermediate terga.

HOLOTYPE.—<S; S. P. Colalao, Tucuman, Argentina, January 1953 (F. H. Walz) (UK).

MALE.—Front on lower half with coarse, very

closely contiguous primary punctures, with moderate

numbers of large secondaries on narrow ridges between the primaries; upper front on a small area equal

to ocellar triangle with punctures of third-degree

density. Head width 2.2 times least distance between

eyes. Cheek slightly narrower than antennal fossa.

Clypeal extension perceptibly bidentate; lateral

carina obsolete; lateral excavation shallow. Mandible

not cusped.

Dorsal pronotum with sharp, high carina; its bordering sulcus crossed by many short cross ridges;

punctures closely contiguous in a narrow band bordering sulcus. Lateral pronotum with anterior process

uniformly carinate to ventral corner; disc flat with

aciculations of assorted sizes. Mesopleuron on anterior

aspect near prepectus with coarse primary punctures

of first-degree density and minute secondaries much

more numerous than primaries. Hind tibia on inner

face with low carina terminating apically in a clavate

polished area about sensorium. Tegula shining with

outer edge orbicular; with marginal groove about

outer apical angle. Wing with membrane moderately

infuscate; radial cell slightly exceeding second cubital

cell in lateral extension; sectors of second cubital cell

in terms of inner sector (itob) are 10:30:19:27.

Dorsal propodeum lateral to areola coarsely reticulate on anterior half; areola with concave sides and

apex equalling base; length slightly greater than

apical width. Tergum 1 with irregular, obscure transverse carina; preapical band of very coarse coalesced

punctures in a deep, narrow trench separated from

apex by less than its width. Terga 3 to 5 with some

punctures greatly enlarged and dimpled. Sternum 5

66. Tiphia (Tiphia) walzi, new species

FIGURE 33

T. walzi is described below from 2 specimens, a male

and a female collected on the same date and at the

same location, and possessing a number of distinctive

characters in common. This is the only South American species I have seen in which there are, in both

sexes, conspicuous terminal bands of bristles on the

abdominal terga. The absence of an anteromedian

escarpment of the scutum of the female is unusual.

The closed radial cell in the female is also unusual,

but in this area there are frequently individual aberrations, and this may be the case in the allotype

specimen.

HOLOTYPE.— o*; San Pedro Colalao, Tucuman,

Argentina, 1-1953 (F. H. Walz) (UK).

MALE.—Front to level of lowest ocellus with punctures barely of first-degree density; without secondaries. Cheek much wider than an antennal fossa.

Head width 1.7 times least distance between eyes.

Mandible with a blunt preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with only a vestige of transverse

carina at humeral angle. Lateral pronotum with irregular rugulae on middle disc, but without welldefined transdiscal groove. Mesopleuron on outer disc

coarsely punctate with punctures chiefly of first-degree

density, and without secondaries; subtegular patch of

dense micropunctures as wide as tegula. Legs black.

Hind tibia on inner face without ridge; sensorial area

large, moderately concave. Tegula without shagreening or marginal grooves. Fore wing with membrane obscurely minute setulose, brilliantly yellowish

brown; lateral extension of radial cell not equaling

that of second cubital cell; radial cell only 2.4 times

as long as wide; sectors of second cubital cell in terms

of inner sector (itob) are 10:27:22:27.

Dorsal propodeum obscurely close punctate on

shagreened background, areola abruptly tapered with

a narrow terminal "stem"; only slightly longer than

basal width; transverse carina very high and bordered

by a row of about 16 uniformly sized pits. Lateral

propodeum on upper part with very many closely
NUMBER 1 13

spaced rugulae. Tergum 1 very short, its anterior

face nearly perpendicular to body axis; with a sharpcrested transverse carina; preapical band slightly depressed and consisting of closely spaced primary and

secondary punctures 3 to 6 punctures wide; apex

laterally with conspicuous recumbent bristles. Terga

2 to 6 (Figure 33) with coarse punctures unusually

uniform in size and distribution; apices of each with

a conspicuous belt of irregular white bristles. Sternum

5 without lateral denticle.

Length 8.7 mm.

AIXOTYPE.— $ ; same data as holotype. (UK).

FEMALE.—Front with coarse punctures contiguous

on lower half, smaller and generally of second-degree

density on upper third, no interspaces as wide as an

ocellus. Mandible uniformly tapered on apical half.

Dorsal pronotum without transverse carina except

vestigially at humeral angle; coarsely and uniformly

punctate except for impunctate apex which is medially as wide as punctate part. Lateral pronotum with

many strong rugulae on lower two-thirds and a

poorly denned escarpment across middle disc. Scutum

without trace of anteromedian escarpment; with

coarse punctures fairly uniformly distributed over

entire area between notaulices. Mesopleuron on anterior slope very coarsely punctate with primaries and

about an equal number of large secondaries; subtegular patch of dense micropunctures as wide as

tegula. Legs black except the outer face of middle

and hind tibia which are piceous. Hind tibia rounded

in cross section without ridge on inner face, the upper

margin moderately arched; sensorium concave, almost as broad as basitarsus, less than twice as long as

wide. Hind basitarsus without groove. Tegula highly

polished, without marginal grooves. Forewing with

golden brown membrane; stigma separated by less

than its length from basal vein; radial cell closed at

apex by a vein sloped strongly inward toward costal

margin (both wings of allotype).

Dorsal propodeum with shagreening overlaid with

a pattern of shallow, closely spaced punctures; areola

with sides concave and strongly convergent, apical

width scarcely more than half basal width, median

carina complete, expanded. Lateral propodeum on

upper part with rugae exceptionally fine, numerous

and closely spaced; lower part with a few microsetae

on posterior third. Tergum 1 with a complete, sharpcrested transverse carina; preapical band at sides not

distinguishable from other dorsal punctures, not impressed, at middle about 5 punctures wide; laterally

with tuft of irregular white bristles. Terga 2 to 5

with punctures and apical bands of bristles similar

to those described for the male. Pygidium on basal

two-thirds with fine, close, elongate punctures; impunctate apex glossy, not shagreened.

Length 9.6 mm.

67. Tiphia (Tiphia) arnaui, new species

There is a considerable degree of group resemblance

between the species T. arnaui, T. beta, and T. catarina.

All have relatively wide cheeks, shagreened tegulae,

smoky wings in which the radial cell greatly exceeds

the second cubital cell, a transverse carina on the

first tergum, enlarged dimpled punctures on the intermediate terga and no sternal denticles. T. arnaui is

readily distinguished from T. catarina and T. beta by

the coarsely rugulose dorsal propodeum and high

transverse propodeal carina. Its cheek is narrower

than that of T. catarina. The species is described

from a single holotype specimen.

HOLOTYPE.— o* ; San Pedro de Colalao, Tucuman,

Argentina, 9-II-1947 (J. M. Arnau) (CDA).

MALE.—Front everywhere with closely contiguous

punctures except narrowly below ocellar triangle;

with sparse secondaries, confined to lower half. Head

width 2.0 times least distance between eyes. Cheek

slightly wider than an antennal fossa. Antennal flagellum slender, 1.47 times head width. Mandible

without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with a high, sharp-crested transverse carina; bordering sulcus narrow, over its entire

length crossed by short obscure ridges; punctures

coarse and generally of first-degree density; impunctate part with an acute-pointed margin medially.

Lateral pronotum without groove or escarpment

across its middle disc. Mesopleuron on its anterior

slope with its primary punctures of moderate size and

largely of second-degree density, interspaces everywhere with minute secondaries that are much more

numerous than the primaries; without patch of subtegular microsetae. Legs black. Hind tibia with an

inconspicuous, linear sensorium, inner face obscurely

carinate. Tegula broadly shagreened, with a fine

groove very close to margin and interrupted at outer

apical angle. Forewing with radial cell greatly exceeding second cubital in lateral extension, narrowly
56

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

open (both wings); sectors of second cubital cell in

terms of inner sector (itob) are 10:32:19:28.

Dorsal propodeum on lateral discs with crooked

rugulae converging from their origins in transverse and

areola carinae; areola with concave sides slightly

tapered, length about one and one-fourth times apical

width, disc deeply reticulate; transverse apical carina

unusually high. Tergum 1 with a short, obscure,

transverse carina flanked caudad by a densely punctate area; preapical band a single row of contiguous

punctures deeply sunk in a narrow trench and separated from apex by slightly more than its width.

Terga 3, 4, and 5 each with several much enlarged

and dimpled punctures. Fifth sternum without lateral

denticle.

Length 10.8 mm.

FEMALE .—Unknown.

68. Tiphia (Tiphia) beta, new species

FIGURE 34

Tiphia beta lacks the coarsely reticulate dorsal propodeum of T. arnaui and has a narrower cheek than

catarina. It is represented in the type series by 2 males

collected in southern Brazil. In this series the areola

is rectangular or barrel-shaped and the primary punctures of the mesopleural disc are small and widely

separated.

HOLOTYPE.— cf ; "Nova" Teutonia, Brazil, 27°H' S

by 52°W, 300 to 500 m, 11-1967 (Fritz Plaumann)

(CNC).

MALE.—Front with coarse punctures of first-degree

density on lower half, generally of second-degree

medially on upper half without spaces as wide as an

ocellus; numerous secondaries on lower two-thirds.

Head width (Figure 34) 2.1 times least distance

between eyes (2 measured were 2.1, 2.1). Antennal

flagellum slender, 1.49 times head width. Cheek as

wide as an antennal fossa. Clypeal extension strongly

bidentate. Mandible without preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with a strong transverse carina

buttressed with many short ridges. Lateral pronotum

with anterior process a low ridge of uniform height;

disc with only fine obscure rugulae in ventral corner.

Mesopleuron on outer disc with small punctures of

widely spaced, third-degree density, and minute secondaries many times more numerous than the primaries. Legs entirely black. Hind tibia on inside with

a naked strip elevated in area around the small,

slenderly clavate sensorium. Tegula broadly shagreened without groove on outer margin. Forewing

with membrane densely infumated; radial vein with

a short spur on first section; radial cell greatly exceeds

second cubital cell in lateral extension.

Dorsal propodeum lateral to areola glossy, with 10

widely separated punctures; areola barrel-shaped, its

apex at least as wide as base, length about one and

one-third times apex. Tergum 1 with an anterior

transverse carina; preapical band a narrow, regular

row of impressed punctures separated by narrow

ridges. Terga 3, 4, and 5 with much enlarged punctures in middle of segments; and with an apical row

of much smaller, widely separated punctures. Sternum

5 without lateral denticles. Sternum 6 without median

tuft of erect hairs.

Length 10.4 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.— o* ; same locality as holotype, collected

1-1967 (Fritz Plaumann) (CNC).

69. Tiphia (Tiphia) catarina, new species

FIGURE 35

Tiphia catarina has in all 3 specimens of the type

series a rudimentary transverse carina of the first

tergum similar to that found on T. arnaui, and also a

similar densely bipunctate mesopleuron, but it has a

much wider cheek and lacks the strongly sculptured

dorsal propodeum of T. arnaui. In T. beta, the carina

on tergum 1 is more strongly developed, the primary

punctures of the mesopleuron are finer and more

widely spaced, and the cheek is not as wide.

HOLOTYPE.—tf1; "Nova" Teutonia, Santa Catarina,

Brazil 25-111-1951 (Fritz Plaumann) (UK).

MALE.—Punctures of first-degree density on lower

half, thinning to second-degree on middle of upper

half without any interspaces as wide as an ocellus;

secondaries abundant on lower half. Antennal flagellum perceptibly thickened in middle, 1.26 times

head width. Head width (Figure 35) 1.8 times least

distance between eyes (3 measured were 1.9, 1.8, 1.8).

Cheek wider than antennal fossa. Clypeal extension

perceptibly bidentate. Mandible without preapical

cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with a low, complete transverse

carina; bordering sulcus shallow, almost free of cross

ridges; punctures coarse and fairly uniformly distributed. Lateral pronotum usually without groove
NUMBER 1 13 57

across its disc. Mesopleuron on outer disc with punctures relatively small and largely of third-degree

density; secondaries are minute and everywhere except on ventral aspect are much more numerous than

primaries; subtegular patch of dense microsetae as

wide as tegula. Hind tibia on inner face sharply

carinate; sensorium poorly defined. Tegula orbicular

on outer margin; without marginal grooves; usually

faintly but broadly shagreened. Forewing with membrane slightly infuscated; radial cell greatly exceeding

second cubital cell in lateral extension; sectors of

second cubital cell in terms of inner sector (itob) are

10:27:18:28.

Dorsal propodeum beside areola polished, without

sculpturing; areola slightly tapered, keystone-shaped,

only slightly longer than apical width. Tergum 1 with

a scarcely distinguishable irregular transverse carina;

preapical band a single row of coarse, closely contiguous punctures moderately impressed and separated

from apex by less than twice diameter of larger punctures. Terga 3 to 5 with conspicuously enlarged dimpled punctures, and apically with a row of moderatesized punctures. Sternum 5 without lateral denticles.

Sternum 6 with only sparse, inconspicuous, recumbent

hairs.

Length 9.8 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—1; "Nova" Teutonia, Brazil, 27°H'S

by 52°23'W, 200-500 m, 1-1967 (Fritz Plaumann)

(CNC). 1; "Crest Ridge," N.W. Tucuman, Argentina,

2-XI-1951 (Ross and Michelbacher) (CAS).

70. Tiphia (Tiphia) saopaula, new species

T. saopaula has a combination of characters, such

as absence of denticles on sternum 5 and of a transverse carina on the first tergum, by which it keys out

in the vicinity of T. lassana and T. cornelliana, both

of which it resembles in having enlarged dimpled

punctures on the intermediate terga. It differs from

either of these by having an anterior belt of small,

dense, erect bristles on terga 3, 4, and 5 and in lacking

an anterior escarpment on these terga.

HOLOTYPE.— <$; Sao Paulo, Brazil, "5-1-1967"

(V. R. Alin) (UK).

MALE.—Front with primary punctures of firstdegree density limited to lower two-fifths; 2 or 3

interspaces on upper front as wide as an ocellus;

secondaries numerous but not extending into upper

half. Antennal flagellum slender, 1.44 times as long

as head width (2 measured were 1.42, 1.45). Head

width 2.2 times least distance between eyes (3 measured were 2.2, 2.2, 2.3). Cheek as wide as an antennal

fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with strong, sharp-crested transverse carina supported by numerous short ridges

across adjoining sulcus. Lateral pronotum with anterior process of normal height; sometimes with

an arc-shaped escarpment across middle disc. Mesopleuron on outer disc with fine primary punctures

separated by several times their average diameter,

interspersed with somewhat more numerous secondaries. Hind tibia on inner face strongly carinate,

the carina broadened apically to surround a narrowly

triangular sensorium. Tegula without shagreening

or groove on outer margin. Forewing with membrane

slightly infumate; radial cell slightly exceeds second

cubital cell in lateral extension; sectors of second

cubital cell in terms of inner sector (itob) are 10:18:-

15:15.

Dorsal propodeum with lateral part slightly roughened, with numerous shallow punctures; areola

strongly tapered with rounded apex; length less than

twice apical width. Tergum 1 without transverse

carina; preapical band a narrow groove containing

coalesced punctures, groove bordered anteriorly by

an overhanging escarpment. Terga 2 to 6 each with

a band of greatly enlarged and dimpled punctures;

apex of each with a distinct microgroove; at base of

terga 3 to 5 occur somewhat obscure bands of dense,

semi-erect, minute bristles. Sternum 5 without lateral

denticles. Sternum 6 without median tuft of erect

hairs.

Length 6.2 mm.

FEMALE .—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—2; Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil,

IV-1954 (N. L. H. Krauss) (USNM).

71. Tiphia (Tiphia) lassana, new species

This species has a number of unusual characters distinguishing it from other species of southern South

America. These include the sparsely punctate upper

front, the red legs, the preapical band of tergum 1

which is reduced to an impunctate groove, and the

peculiar lateral escarpments on the intermediate terga.

The species is known only from the holotype specimen.

HOLOTYPE.—"Lassanos," Minas Gerais, Brazil,
58

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

9/19-XI-1919, Cornell University Expedition Lot

569 (CU).

MALE.—Front sparsely fine punctate, with several

interspaces on upper half that are wider than an

ocellus. Head 2.0 times as wide as least distance between eyes. Antennal flagellum stout, 1.25 times as

long as head width. Cheek slightly wider than antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with high, sharp-crested carina;

bordering sulcus without well-developed cross ridges;

punctures very small and generally separated by

several times their average diameter. Lateral pronotum

smooth, with crescent-shaped escarpment extending

two-thirds distance across disc. Mesopleuron with

primary punctures ranging from coarse ones closely

spaced near prepectal suture to very small ones separated by several times their average diameter on

outer disc; minute punctures present only as a subtegular patch narrower than tegula and narrowly

along prepectal suture. Legs red. Hind tibia en inner

face with broad naked streak which is not carinate,

sensorium minute, clavate. Tegula thin, translucent,

largely rufous, without shagreening or marginal

grooves. Forewing with hyaline membrane; radial

cell slightly exceeding second cubital cell in lateral

extension.

Dorsal propodeum outside areola free of coarse

sculpturing, largely smooth and polished; areola

elongate with slightly tapered sides, length nearly 3

times, and base one and one-half times apical width.

Lateral propodeum on upper part with weak, widely

spaced rugulae which are entirely absent posteriorly.

First abdominal segment slightly elongated, 1.1 times

as long as wide. Tergum 1 without transverse carina

and dorsal disc without punctures; preapical band a

narrow impunctate groove bordered anteriorly by a

strong escarpment. Terga 2 to 5 each with a lateral

escarpment not continued over dorsum, all except

that on tergum 2 lying anterior to punctate part;

terga 3, 4, and 5 each possessing laterally 3 large

coalesced dimpled punctures in which all but anterior rim is obsolete. Sternum 5 without preapical

denticles.

Length 5.5 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

72. Tiphia (Tiphia) cornelliana, new species

This species is known only from the holotype specimen. T. cornelliana resembles T. lassana in having

escarpments on the intermediate terga located anterior

to the punctate part. In T. cornelliana, however, these

escarpments are much weaker and the preapical band

of tergum 1 is not impressed and consists of wellseparated punctures, while in T. lassana it is a deep

groove lacking punctures.

HOLOTYPE.— o* ; "Uruoum, " Corumba, Brazil,

23/29-XII-1919, Cornell University Lot 659 (CU).

MALE.—Front on upper third with several interspaces as wide as an ocellus; on lower half with

numerous secondaries. Head width 2.3 times least

distance between eyes. Cheek slightly narrower than

antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with high, sharp-crested carina;

bordering sulcus without cross ridges; punctures small

and generally separated by several times their average

diameter. Lateral pronotum without rugulae or groove

across middle disc. Mesopleuron on outer disc with

small, sparse primary punctures separated by several

times their average diameter, and minute secondaries

somewhat more numerous than primaries. Legs piceous. (Both hind legs missing.) Tegula without shagreening or marginal grooves. Forewing with membrane nearly hyaline; radial cell greatly exceeding

second cubital cell in lateral extension; sectors of

second cubital cell in terms of inner sector (itob) are

10:23:15:22.

Dorsal propodeum outside areola polished, without

coarse sculpturing; areola slightly tapered; its length

about one and three-fourths, and basal width one and

one-third times apical width. Lateral propodeum on

upper part with strong rugulae anteriorly, becoming

finer posteriorly and absent from caudal corner.

Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina; preapical band a single row of widely separated punctures

only slightly impressed. Terga 3, 4, and 5 without belts

of small bristles anteriorly; with several very large

dimpled punctures on middle areas; with a fine escarpment on each side and anterior to punctures;

with apical microscopic grooves more or less interrupted medially. Sternum 5 without lateral denticles.

Length 6.1 mm.

FE MALE .—Unknown.

73. Tiphia (Tiphia) diamantina, new species

I have recognized 4 species from southern South

America in which the males have no sternal denticles,

no transverse carina on tergum 1, and in which the
NUMBER 1 1 3 59

punctures of the intermediate terga are not conspicuously enlarged. T. diamantina differs from T.

uruouma and T. sankutei in having the preapical

band of tergum 1 outlined on anterior border with

an escarpment. T. cumana has most of the same

characters including the escarpment bordering the

preapical band, but differs from T. diamantina in

having numerous secondary punctures on the front,

no cross ridges buttressing the transverse carina of the

dorsal pronotum, very many closely spaced rugulae

on lateral propodeum and a long terminal spur on

the cubital vein.

HOLOTYPE.— <? ; Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil,

14/18-XI-1919, Cornell University Expedition Lot

869 (GU).

MALE.—Front coarsely close punctate except on

small area in front of ocellar triangle; without secondaries. Head width 2.1 times least distance between

eyes. Cheeks slightly wider than an antennal fossa.

Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with sharp-crested transverse

carina; bordering sulcus crossed over its entire length

by short cross ridges; punctures moderately coarse

and separated by distances about equal to their average diameter. Lateral pronotum without groove across

disc. Mesopleuron on outer disc with moderate-sized

primary punctures separated in all directions by interspaces equal to or greater than their average diameter;

with only a few minute secondaries; subtegular patch

of dense micropunctures not as wide as tegula. Legs

black to piceous. Hind tibia obscurely carinate on

inner face, the carina expanded apically around a

slenderly ovate sensorium. Tegula piceous without

shagreening or marginal grooves. Forewing with its

membrane hyaline; radial cell equal to or slightly

exceeding second cubital cell in lateral extension, its

terminal sector bent at middle; sectors of second

cubital cell in terms of inner sector are 10:21:16:18.

Dorsal propodeum outside areola with coarse sculpturing limited to a group of shallow punctures beside

areola and short ridges buttressing apical carina;

areola keystone-shaped, slightly longer than basal

width, length about one and one-half apical width,

median carina nearly complete, narrowly linear.

Lateral propodeum with rugulae widely separated and

present to caudal corner. Tergum 1 without transverse

carina; preapical band a single impressed row of

indistinct punctures, separated from apex by 3 to 4

times width of band and bordered anteriorly by a

distinct escarpment. Intermediate terga with punctures of nearly uniform size and distribution. Sternum

5 without lateral jdenticles.

Length 6.5 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

74. Tiphia (Tiphia) cumana, new species

This species, known only from the holotype specimen

is close to but apparently distinct from T. diamantina,

also described from a single specimen taken in a locality over 700 miles distant.

HOLOTYPE.—cf ; San Pedro de Colalao, Tucuman,

Argentina, 9-II-1947 (J. M. Arnau) (USNM).

MALE.—Front with moderately coarse punctures

of first-degree density except for small area in front

of ocellar triangle; secondaries numerous on lower

half. Head width 1.9 times least distance between

eyes. Cheek wider than antennal fossa. Mandible

without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with high, complete transverse

carina not buttressed by short ridges; punctures moderately coarse and generally of first-degree density.

Lateral pronotum without transverse groove or escarpment. Mesopleuron on outer disc with small

primary punctures separated by more than their

average diameter and not more than an equal number

of minute secondaries; subtegular patch of dense

micropunctures as wide as tegula, gradually thinning

out along prepectal suture. Legs black. Hind tibia

with obscure carina on inner face, broadened terminally to surround the thin elongate sensorium. Tegula

without shagreening or marginal grooves. Forewing

with membrane slightly infuscate; radial cell in its

lateral extension equal to second cubital cell, its apical

section bent at middle. Sectors of second cubital cell

in terms of inner sector (itob) are 10:16:15:16.

Cubital vein with elongate terminal spur.

Dorsal propodeum with area beside areola polished

and almost free of sculpturing; areola with strong

converging sides and rounded apex, base more than

two times apex; length about one and one-half times

base and three times apex. Lateral propodeum with

very many closely spaced rugulae continued into

caudal corner. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse

carina; preapical band reduced to a narrow groove

without punctures and overhung anteriorly by a

strong escarpment. Intermediate terga without es-
60

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

carpments or any grossly enlarged punctures. Sternum

5 without lateral denticles.

Length 7.5 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

75. Tiphia (Tiphia) uruouma, new species

T. uruouma is grouped with T. sankutei since both

have no sternal denticles, no transverse carina of

tergum 1, and they do not have grossly enlarged

punctures nor encircling escarpments on the intermediate terga, and the tergal band of tergum 1 is

not bordered anteriorly by an escarpment. The apex

of the apical cell in T. uruouma extends far beyond

that of the second cubital cell while in T. sankutei

it is only equal in lateral extension. In T. uruouma

an exceptional character is the terminal row of bristlebearing punctures on the abdominal terga. The adults

in this group are much larger insects that those in the

T. saopaula, T. lassana, T. cornelliana group.

HOLOTYPE.—1 cf; "Uruoum," Corumba, Brazil,

23/29-XII-1919, Cornell University Expedition Lot

569 (CU).

MALE.—Front with coarse punctures of firstdegree density on lower half and broadly along eye,

but in a small median area below ocellus of thirddegree density without interspaces as wide as an

ocellus; a few secondaries on lower half. Head width

2.3 times least distance between eyes. (2 measured

were 2.2 and 2.3). Cheek almost as wide as an antennal fossa. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with high, sharp-crested transverse carina, bordered by sulcus crossed from side to

side with many regularly spaced, short cross ridges;

punctures moderately coarse. Lateral pronotum without groove across middle disc. Mesopleuron on anterior slope with median-sized primary punctures of

first- or second-degree density; with small secondaries

more numerous than primaries only on upper anterior

area, where they merge with a subtegular patch of

dense microsetae as wide as tegula. Legs partially

castaneous. Hind tibia on inner face with a long,

sharp carina. Tegula broadly and conspicuously

shagreened, without groove on outer margin. Forewing with a sclerotized inward directed spur on first

section of radius; radial cell much exceeding second

cubital cell in lateral extension, 3.4 times as long as

wide. Sectors of second cubital cell in terms of inner

sector are 10:28:17:25.

Dorsal propodeum with lateral discs smooth except

for faint shagreening; areola with concave converging

sides, length about one and one-half and base about

equal apical width, median carina linear, almost

complete. Tergum without anterior transverse carina.

Terga 3 to 5 each with a regularly spaced terminal

row of punctures in each of which is seated one long,

conspicuous bristle; other punctures relatively coarse

and of uniform size and distribution. Sternum 5 without lateral denticles.

Length 9.5 mm.

PARATYPE.—1; "Uruoum," Corumba, Brazil,

23/29-XII-1919 (Harris), Cornell University Expedition Lot 569 (CU).

FEMALE.—Unknown.

76. Tiphia (Tiphia) sankutei, new species

T. sankutei differs from T. uruouma in having a

long, usually faintly sclerotized spur on the first section

of the radius, and in lacking on the intermediate terga

conspicuous apical rows of bristle-bearing punctures.

HOLOTYPE.— o* ; Buenos Aires Province, Argentina,

15-1-1925 (M. Sankute) (CAS).

MALE.—Front entirely covered with contiguous

punctures; with numerous minute secondaries on

lower two-thirds. Head width 2.0 times least distance

between eyes (2 measured were 2.0, 1.9). Cheek

slightly wider than antennal fossa. Mandible without

preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with carina sharp and high;

bordering sulcus scalariform for its entire length, the

cross ridges very short. Lateral pronotum faintly

rugulose, without transdiscal escarpment or groove.

Mesopleuron on outer disc with numerous moderatesized punctures separated by distances about equal

to their average diameter; secondaries almost absent.

Legs black. Hind tibia on inner face with naked streak

broadened apically, usually not sharply carinate; sensorium clavate. Tegula not shagreened; with short

anterior and posterior marginal grooves not connected

at outer apical corner. Forewing with hyaline membrane; first section of radius with backward directed

spur extending more than half way across first cubital

cell, in 3 or 4 examined only faintly sclerotized; radial

cell in lateral extension scarcely equal to second

cubital cell, its apex narrow; sectors of second cubital

cell in terms of inner sector (itob) are 10:26:18:22.
NUMBER 1 13 61

Dorsal propodeum shallowly reticulate outside

areola and on area about as large. Lateral propodeum

with moderate numbers of well-separated rugulae

present into caudal corner. Posterior propodeum with

numerous fine rugulae arising from transverse carina.

Tergum 1 without transverse carina; preapical band

not impressed, without escarpment on anterior border,

about 2 punctures wide. Terga 3 and 4 without encircling escarpments or grossly enlarged punctures;

posterior punctures at least medially are far removed

from apices and not aligned in a close, regular row.

Sternum 5 without lateral denticles.

Length 11.0 to 11.7 mm.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.—1; same data as holotype (CAS).

77. Tiphia (Tiphia) meridionalis Turner

Tiphia meridionalis Turner, 1908: 128.—Turner 1911:

619.—Allen 1962: 71.

Tiphia platensis Brethes, 1910: 255.—Turner 1911: 619.

The descriptive notes below are based on a redescription of the holotype female (Allen 1962). T.

meridionalis has most of the characters of T. parkeri.

However, it lacks the mandibular denticle, and

possesses an unusual spur near the terminus of the

radial cell directed forward toward the costal margin.

All the females of the type series of T. parkeri have a

conspicuous preapical denticle, and in most there is

no trace of an anteriorly directed spur near the tip

of the radial cell. I have not been able to confirm the

synonymy proposed by Turner.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; Argentina (Dr. Burmeister) B. M.

type Hym. 15.1195 (BM).

FEMALE.—Front with punctures of first degree

density to level of lowest ocellus except for a conspicuous median vitta extending from lowest ocellus

to base of antenna; secondaries lacking. Cheek

covered with mat of white hairs. Dorsum of pronotum

without transverse carina, coarsely punctate, with only

a few interspaces greater than average diameter of

primary punctures. Mesopleuron on outer disc with

coarse primary punctures of first- and second-degree

density, and a few interspersed secondaries. Scutum

with anteromedian escarpment and notaulices not

connected. Legs black. Hind tibia on inner face with

well-developed carina; sensorial area reddish. Hind

basitarsus with long, deep groove. Tegula shagreened

at apex, without trace of marginal groove. Forewing

with membrane faintly infumated; radius with spur

mesad of apex of second cubital cell directed perpendicularly to costal margin.

Dorsal propodeum lateral to areola smooth except

for faint shagreening and scattered microscopic punctures; areola keystone-shaped, its length about one and

one-half and base one and one-third times apical

width; median carina expanded. Side of propodeum

on upper part with closely spaced rugulae. Tergum

1 with strongly developed transverse carina; preapical

band of large, discrete punctures, chiefly 2 punctures

wide and not impressed. Tergum 3 with lateral impunctate areas. Pygidium finely rugose punctate on

basal half.

Length 12 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

I have tentatively placed in T. meridionalis the

following specimens: 3; San Pedro, Buenos Aires,

Argentina, 1-1956 (Fritz) (CAS). 2; "Nova" Teutonia Brazil, 27°11'S by 52°23' W, 300 to 500 m,

XII-1966 (Fritz Plaumann) (CNC). 1; same data as

previous 2 except collected 3—II—1951 (UK). 1;

"Nova" Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 20-VII1955 (Fritz Plaumann) (CU). 1; "Corupa," Santa

Catarina, Brazil, VI-1948 (A. Mailer) (AMNH).

None of these have the cusped mandible found in all

the type series of T. parkeri. Neither do they have

the forward directed spur arising near the apex of

the second cubital cell found in the type of T. meridionalis. This is sometimes an individual aberration,

and I am assuming it may be so in the holotype of

T. meridionalis.

78. Tiphia (Tiphia) makdona, new species

T. makdona belongs to a relatively small group from

southern South America in which the hind basitarsus

is grooved and tergum 1 has no anterior transverse

carina. It is distinguished by having a low but complete transverse carina on the pronotum, a pygidium

which is impunctate only on apical fourth to one-third,

and in the absence of the usual mitral-shaped enclosure around the spiracle of the dorsal propodeum.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; "Makdonado," Uruguay, "swept"

(Parker) (USNM).

FEMALE.—Front with punctures almost everywhere

of first-degree density, slightly more widely separated

on upper half. Antennal flagellum stout, first 3 joints

2.7 times as long as greatest width (3 measured were
62

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

2.8, 2.7, 2.7). Clypeal extension with narrow margin;

lateral carina long and conspicuous. Mandible without preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with low, crooked but complete

transverse carina; punctate part with many mediansized punctures only slightly concentrated apically.

Lateral pronotum with anterior process sharply

crested to ventral corner where there are faint, irregular rugulae; without groove across disc. Scutum

with short anteromedian escarpment broadly separated from notaulices. Mesopleuron on anterior face

shagreened, with coarse primary punctures separated

in most directions by much less than their average

diameter, mixed with large secondaries which are

about as numerous as primaries; subtegular patch of

microsetae as wide as tegula. Legs biack. Tibia without sharp carina on inner face; Upper margin not

strongly arched; sensorium flush with surrounding

surface. Hind basitarsus grooved. Tegula broadly but

very finely shagreened; a fine groove on outer margin

terminating at ventral corner. Forewing with membrane almost hyaline; stigma slightly longer than

distance separating it from basal vein; first section

of radius with short, rudimentary, backwardly directed spur; terminal section without spur.

Dorsal propodeum without mitral-shaped enclosure, or innermost of parallel lateral carinae; areola

with straight, nearly parallel sides, scarcely twice as

long as apical width. Lateral propodeum with very

many closely spaced rugulae; lower part with short,

inconspicuous microsetae on narrow belt bordering

metacoxal cavity. Tergum 1 broadly bipunctate on

anterior slope, the median primaries very small; without transverse carina; preapical band not impressed,

of small, well-separated punctures, 1 to 2 punctures

wide. Sternum 2 with median callosity. Pygidium

punctate on basal three-fourths; impunctate apex

finely shagreened, and roughened with pattern of

concentrically ringed wrinkles.

Length 12.5 to 15.7 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.—1; same data as holotype (USNM).

The specimens listed above are part of the

Tiphiinae reared or collected by the United States

Department of Agriculture laboratory formerly located at Montevideo. In the process of relaxing, some

of the labeling has become illegible.

79. Tiphia (Tiphia) margareta, new species

The presence of a groove on the basitarsus and absence of a transverse carina on tergum 1 places this

species in a relatively small group. It differs from

T. makdona in not having a complete transverse

carina on the dorsal pronotum, and in having a welldefined mitral-shaped enclosure about the propodeal

spiracle. It differs from T. gigantea in being a much

smaller species, and in not having interspaces between punctures of dorsal pronotum as wide as an

ocellus. T. margareta is also distinguished in most

specimens by an obscure anteromedian callosity on

sternum 2.

HOLOTYPE.— ? ; "Nova" Teutonia, Brazil, 27°ITS

by 52°23'W, 300 to 500 m, January 1967 (Fritz

Plaumann) (CNG).

FEMALE.—Front with very coarse, deep, contiguous

punctures to level of lowest ocellus. Clypeus with

extension perceptibly bidentate; lateral carina long

and thin. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum without transverse carina; punctures coarse and perceptibly concentrated in a band

terminating the punctate part. Lateral pronotum

with numerous strong rugulae in ventral corner;

without groove across disc. Scutum with anteromedian

escarpment not connected with notaulices, medially

with plaque of nearly contiguous primary punctures

and obscure interspaced micropunctures. Mesopleuron on outer disc with numerous primary punctures of first- or second-degree density; subtegular

patch of dense micropunctures narrower than tegula.

Hind tibia on inner face with a distinct ridge, flattened around the sensorium which is pyriform and

about twice as long as wide. Hind basitarsus with a

well-defined groove. Tegula polished to obscurely

shagreened; without marginal grooves. Forewing

with membrane heavily infumated; radius without

sharp angle or spur in first section, apically usually

without a spur; stigma separated by its length from

basal vein.

Dorsal propodeum with sharply defined mitralshaped depression; areola usually widest just posterior

to base and 2 to 3 times as long as apical width. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina; preapical

band a single irregular row of coarse, slightly impressed punctures separated by less than their average

diameter. Intermediate terga with punctures moderately coarse and of fairly uniform size but strongly
NUMBER 1 13 63

concentrated in front of and behind broad impunctate

area, with apices impunctate in middle area for distance about equal to 3 of the largest adjacent punctures. Pygidium densely punctate on basal half, with

a small, obscure median emargination; impunctate

part only obscurely fine shagreened near punctate

part.

Length 8.6 to 13.5 mm.

MALE.—Not known.

PARATYPES.—7 from same locality as holotype: 1,

February 1965; 2, February 1966; 1, 14-1-1967; 1,

10-111-1967; 2, March 1967. (All collected by Fritz

Plaumann) (GNG). 3; "Uruoum," Corumba, Brazil,

Cornell University Expedition Lot 569, 23/29-XII1919 (CU). 1; "Nova" Teutonia, Santa Catarina,

Brazil, 5-II-1957 (F. Plaumann) (CU). 1; "Cauna,"

Santa Catarina, Brazil, XII-1945 (A. Mailer)

(AMNH). 1; near Montevideo, Uruguay (USNM).

1; "Passanti," Uruguay, reared from Scarabeidae

(Silveira) (USNM). 1; "Sierra Paz," "Carlos" de

Cordoba, Argentina, 800 m, 22—III—1951 (Foerster)

(UK). 5; Brazil (Sello) (ZMB).

80. Tiphia (Tiphia) gigantea Turner

Tiphia gigantea Turner, 1911: 307.

Turner described this species from 2 females in the

Zoologische Museum der Humboldt-Universitat in

East Berlin which he states were taken at Petropolis,

Brazil, in August and October. These specimens were

generously lent to me by Dr. Konigsmann of the

Berlin Museum in August, 1970, and the following

redescription prepared. I find that the smaller specimen bears the type label. When examined by me the

date and locality label were missing. The specimen does bear a green label in common with the

larger specimen, having the following information

"Brasilien/ E. Ohaus S.V." The second, much larger

specimen was designated "cotype" by Turner. It was

collected at Petropolis, Brazil, on October 10, 1898.

Turner does not specify how many specimens were

included in his type series. The context indicates there

must have been at least two, and since the cotype

has the October label, it is probably safe to assume

that when Turner described the species, the type

specimen had the date and locality label of August,

Petropolis, Brazil. Although the type specimen is much

smaller than the "cotype," and differs in several minor

characters, on the basis of the limited existing material

I do not consider them different species. The "cotype"

specimen has a broader areola, and the impunctate

apex of the pygidium is crossed by about 17 parallel

rugulae extending nearly to its apex. Its resemblance

to the North American T. inornata series noted by

Turner, is confined to its large size. Several South

American species are known which are as large as

the holotype of T. gigantea but have easily recognized

structural differences. The fact that T. gigantea has

a groove on the hind basitarsus and no transverse

carina on tergum 1 restricts it to a small group. It

differs from T. margareta in having no trace of a

median callosity on sternum 2 and in possessing

numerous longitudinal wrinkles on impunctate apex

of the pygidium.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; Petropolis, Brazil (according to

original description) (ZMB).

FEMALE.—Front with punctures on upper half

irregularly distributed with plaques of first-degree

density alternating with several interspaces about as

wide as an ocellus. Antennal flagellum slender, first 3

joints 3.3 times as long as greatest width. Mandible

without preapical cusp.

Dorsal pronotum with transverse carina well-developed except on median third; punctures small and

generally separated by much more than their average

diameter except for an arched band of contiguous

ones across middle. Lateral pronotum with numerous

small elongate punctures on upper half, and a narrow

groove across disc. Scutum with notaulices and anteromedian groove barely connected. Mesopleuron on

anterior aspect with small punctures separated in all

directions by more than their average diameter, and

with secondaries at least twice as numerous as primaries; subalar patch of dense micropunctures narrower than tegula. Legs black. Hind tibia not arched

on upper margin, with perceptible carina on inner

face. Hind basitarsus grooved. Forewing strongly infumated; stigma very small, separated by less than

its length from basal vein.

Dorsal propodeum with areola almost rectangular,

about 3 times as long as apical width. Lateral propodeum with rugulae coarse and widely spaced; lower part with very short, inconspicuous microsetae.

Posterior aspect of propodeum without median carina.

Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina; preapical band not impressed, and consisting of an irregular row of small primary punctures, not impressed and
64

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

coalesced in places. Sternum 2 without median callosity. Intermediate terga with conspicuous impunctate

patches on each side of median line. Pygidium closely

elongate punctate on basal half; apical half (in type)

with several wrinkles close to punctate part, not

shagreened.

Length 15.0 to 18.8 mm.

MALE.—Not known.

PARATYPE.—Petropolis, Brazil, 10-X-1898 (ZMB).

with thin median carina on lower half. Tergum 1

without anterior transverse carina; preapical band

consists of fine punctures irregularly one row wide,

discrete, not impressed. Terga 2 and 3 with punctures

extremely fine and sparse; impunctate apices as wide

or wider than hind basitarsus. Pygidium finely punctate on basal half; apex smooth, polished.

Length 9.5 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

81. Tiphia (Tiphia) elongata Turner

Tiphia elongate Turner, 1908: 129.—Allen 1962: 68.

T. elongata is known only from the type specimen.

The descriptive notes below are based on a recent

redescription of the type (Allen 1962). Species of

Tiphia in South America vary considerably in slenderness, but the author has seen none in which the

female is as slender as T. elongata. In most species

the ratio of propodeal length to width is near unity,

but in T. elongata it is 1.4. T. elongata resembles the

majority of Tiphia from southern South America in

having no groove on the hind basitarsus.

HOLOTYPE.— 9 ', Theresopolis, Brazil, B.M. type

no. Hym. 15.1193 (BM).

FEMALE.—Front on upper half with impunctate

interspaces as wide as an ocellus. Dorsal pronotum

with transverse carina faintly developed across middle; punctures concentrated along transverse carina

and in band near impunctate apex, with impunctate

spaces in intermediate area as wide as an ocellus.

Lateral pronotum with fine aciculations in ventral

angle, without groove across disc. Mesopleuron on

outer disc with a few widely separated punctures.

Scutum with anteromedian escarpment and notaulices connected. Legs chiefly black. Hind tibia not

carinate on inner face, with lower and upper margins nearly parallel, 2.1 times as long as middle width.

Hind basitarsus without groove. Tegula reddish

translucent, without marginal grooves. Radius with

an outwardly directed terminal spur; radial cell 3.6

times as long as wide.

Dorsal propodeum with its medial length 1.4 times

its greatest width; lateral sulcus narrow, about 6 times

as long as wide; areola with its length 3 times and

its width three-fourths times basal width. Lateral

propodeum with very fine rugulae; lower part almost

bare and very faintly shagreened. Posterior propodeum

82. Tiphia (Tiphia) selloi, new species

T. selloi is described from a single female specimen

which has no exceptional characters. The lack of a

groove on the hind basitarsus, and presence of a welldefined transverse carina on the first tergum, places it

in the key with the couplet which includes 2 unrelated

species, T. walzi and T. cordobae, from which it differs in having an anteromedian escarpment on the

scutum.

HOLOTYPE.— ? ; Brazil (Sello) (ZMB).

FEMALE.—Front with coarse punctures, contiguous

on lower third, thinning to second-degree density on

upper third, without interspaces as wide as an ocellus.

Dorsal pronotum without transverse carina; punctures coarse, uniform in size and of first-degree density. Lateral pronotum with fine aciculations in ventral

corner; with a narrow groove across disc. Scutum with

anteromedian escarpment and notaulices not connected. Mesopleuron on anterior aspect with punctures of

nearly uniform size and everywhere of close first-degree density; subtegular patch of dense microsetae as

wide as tegula. Legs black. Hind tibia on inner face

carinate; sensorium clavate, about 3 times as long as

wide, and one-fourth as wide as joint. Hind basitarsus

not grooved. Tegula without shagreening, or groove

on outer margin. Forewing moderately infumate;

stigma separated by more than its length from basal

vein; radius with rudimentary backward directed spur

on its first section, without apical spur.

Dorsal propodeum, and especially the areola with

fine, scale-like shagreening; areola with concave sides,

its length about two and one-fourth times apical width.

Lateral propodeum with rugulae numerous and closely

spaced, lower part with pile short and inconspicuous.

Tergum 1 with anterior transverse carina consisting

of a thin, wavy, unbroken line; preapical band of

moderate-sized punctures in middle separated by more

than their average diameter, and not impressed. Inter-
NUMBER 1 1 3 65

mediate terga with relatively dense, moderate-sized

punctures of relatively uniform size and distribution.

Sternum 2 without anteromedian callosity. Pygidium

punctate on basal three-fifths, with a conspicuous median emargination; apex glossy, not wrinkled or shagreened.

Length 12.6 mm.

MALE .—Unknown.

83. Tiphia (Tiphia) cor dob a, new species

FIGURE 36

In T. cordoba the presence of a transverse carina on

tergum 1, the absence of a groove on the hind basitarsus and of an anteromedian escarpment on the scutum,

serve to couple this species with T. walzi. Only a very

few female Tiphia are known in which the scutal escarpment is lacking. In other respects these two species

do not resemble each other. T. cordoba has no trace

of the apical bands of tergal bristles, such a conspicuous feature of T. walzi. Known only from holotype

specimen.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; "Cosquin, Sierra de Cordoba,"

Argentina, 1/9-III-1920 (CU).

FEMALE.—Front on upper two-thirds with punctures

largely in short, irregular, well-separated rows with 1

or 2 interspaces as wide as an ocellus. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with complete transverse carina,

strongly developed except on median third. Lateral

pronotum with parallel rugulae in ventral angle; without groove across disc. Scutum (Figure 36) without

trace of anteromedian escarpment; disc sparsely

punctate except for small densely bipunctate plaque

medially at apex. Mesopleuron on outer disc coarsely

punctate, the punctures separated from slightly less to

slightly more than their average diameter, without

secondaries; subtegular patch of dense micropunctures

slightly narrower than tegula. Legs piceous. Hind tibia

not arched on upper margin; inner face with a narrowly triangular naked area, apically surrounding a

large, reddish, slightly sunken sensorium. Hind basi tarsus without groove. Tegula reddish translucent, without shagreening or marginal grooves. Forewing with

slightly infuscated membrane; stigma separated by less

than its length from basal vein; radius without terminal spur.

Dorsal propodeum outside areola faintly shagreened, with scattered minute punctures; areola with

entire enclosed area uniformly minute punctate, length

about 2 times and basal width about one and oneeighth times apical width. Lateral propodeum with

coarse, widely separated rugulae; lower part with only

scattered microsetae. Tergum 1 with complete, sharpcrested transverse carina; preapical band of coarse

punctures, the posterior medial ones discrete, medially

about two punctures wide, anterior border with a welldefined escarpment. Intermediate terga without broad

apical band of white bristles; punctures rather dense

and relatively uniform in size and distribution. Pygidium punctate on upper three-fourths; impunctate apex

polished, wrinkled near punctate part.

Length 8.5 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

84. Tiphia (Tiphia) michelbacheri, new species

FIGURE 37

T. michelbacheri is described from the holotype and 2

paratypes from Argentina and southern Brazil. It belongs to a group in which the basitarsus is not grooved,

the first tergum has no transverse carina and its preapical band is bordered anteriorly by an escarpment.

It differs most distinctly from other species in this

group in having conspicuously inflated tibiae.

HOLOTYPE.— ? ; Salta, Argentina, 14-11-1951 (Ross

and Michelbacher) (CAS).

FEMALE.—Front on upper half with coarse punctures irregular in size and distribution, largely of firstor second-degree density, and except for a median

vitta, without interspaces as wide as an ocellus. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum without trace of transverse carina;

punctures a mixture of coarse primaries and secondaries, large and minute, nowhere of first-degree density except in band terminating punctate part. Lateral

pronotum almost free of sculpturing except for weak

aciculations in ventral angle. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment and notaulices not connected. Mesopleuron on outer disc with many coarse punctures of

first-degree density; subtegular patch of dense micropunctures wider than tegula and continued along

prepectal suture almost to ventral aspect. Legs black.

Femora (Figure 37) of all legs conspicuously inflated on outer surface. Hind tibia with upper margin

strongly arched; inner face without ridge; sensorium

clavate, small, about one-sixth width of inner face.
66

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

39 41

FIGURES 37-42.—37, Female of Tiphia michelbacheri, new species, from Salta, Argentina, hind

tibia. 38, female of Tiphia par ana, new species, from "Rolaudia," Parana, Brazil, areola. 39, female of Tiphia shannoni, new species, from Petropolis, Brazil, areola. 40, female of Tiphia tucumanae, new species, from San Pedro de Colalao, Argentina, hind tibia showing sunken

sensorium. 41, female Tiphia malleri, new species, from "Corupa," Santa Catarina, Brazil,

showing sparsely punctate mesopleuron. 42, female of Tiphia inusitata, new species, from

Sao Paulo, Brazil, sternum 2 showing keel-shaped callosity.

Hind basitarsus without groove. Tegula without shagreening or groove on outer margin. Forewing with

membrane moderately infumate; stigma separated by

less than its length from basal vein; radial cell without

apical spur.

Dorsal propodeum unusually slender, its length

about 3 times, and its base about one and one-half

times apical width. Lateral propodeum with rugulae

very fine, numerous, and closely spaced; lower part

with inconspicuous fringe of microsetae bordering

metacoxal cavity. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina; preapical band a groove with an escarpment on anterior border and with only a few minute

and widely separated punctures on middle part. Py-
NUMBER 1 13 67

gidium punctate on basal half, punctures terminating

on a straight line interrupted by a distinct emargination; impunctate apex free of shagreening or wrinkles.

Length 10.1 to 11.7 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—1; San Pedro de Colalab, Tucuman,

Argentina, 9-II-1947 (J. M. Arnau) (USNM). 1;

Lassanos, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 9/19-XI-1919, Cor

nell University Expedition Lot 569 (GU).

85. Tiphia (Tiphia) par ana, new species

FIGURE 38

The absence of a basitarsal groove, or a transverse

carina on tergum 1, and the reduction of the preapical

band of tergum 1 to a smooth almost impunctate

groove limits this species to a small group. T. parana

differs strikingly from T. michelbacheri in having tibia

that are not inflated on the outer margin. It has a

much narrower propodeal areola than T. shannoni,

the rugulae of the lateral propodeum are more closely

spaced, and the preapical punctures of terga 2 and 3

are not confined to a single linear row.

HOLOTYPE.— ? ; "Rolaudia," Parana, Brazil, November 1947 (A. Mailer) (AMNH).

FEMALE.—Front bipunctate with its large secondaries more numerous than the primaries on upper twothirds, with many interspaces wider than an ocellus.

Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with an obscure transverse carina,

absent on median third; most of primary punctures in

an irregular band across middle, in front of which the

punctures are principally widely separated secondaries.

Lateral pronotum without rugulae or transdiscal

groove. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment not

connected with notaulices. Mesopleuron on outer disc

with only a few very small, widely separated primary

punctures and about an equal number of slightly

smaller secondaries; subtegular patch of dense micropunctures as wide as tegula, not continued ventrally

along prepectal suture. Hind tibia with inner face

angular in cross section but without a well-defined

carina; sensorium flush with surrounding surface, onehalf as wide as tibia, and not longer than broad. Hind

basitarsus not grooved. Tegula glossy, without marginal grooves. Forewing with moderately infumate

membrane; stigma separated by more than its length

from basal vein.

Areola (Figure 38) of dorsal propodeum keystoneshaped with straight, slightly converging sides, length

4 times apical width. Lateral propodeum with rugulae

of upper part very numerous and closely spaced but

not evanescent; lower part glossy, with only sparse

microsetae. Tergum 1 largely impunctate with usual

preapical band of punctures lacking, but in its place

a narrow groove in which there are no punctures.

Terga 2 and 3 each with a preapical row of punctures

of assorted sizes separated medially from apices by 3

to 4 times widths of largest punctures. Pygidium with

punctures on basal half, widely separated apicomedially; impunctate apex glossy without shagreening.

Length 9.6 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

86. Tiphia (Tiphia) shannoni, new species

FIGURE 39

This species with T. saltaensis, and T. parana have a

distinct escarpment bordering the preapical band of

the first tergum. In T. shannoni the groove bordering

the preapical escarpment of the first tergum is deeper

and narrower than in T. saltaensis and the tibiae are

not inflated. T. shannoni differs in several characters

from T. parana but most obviously in the shorter,

broader propodeal areola and the puncturation of the

mesopleuron.

HOLOTYPE.— ? ; Petropolis, Rio de Janiero, Brazil,

III-1938 (R. C. Shannon) (USNM).

FEMALE.—Front with median-sized punctures of

first-degree density on lower third and along eyes,

medially principally of second-degree without interspaces as wide as an ocellus. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with vestige of transverse carina

at humeral angle; punctures nearly uniform in size

and distribution, largely of first-degree density. Lateral

pronotum with only faint aciculations in ventral angle;

a short, curved, often obscure groove on middle disc.

Scutum with anteromedian escarpment and notaulices

not connected. Mesopleuron on outer disc with very

small primary punctures separated in most directions

by several times their average diameter and mixed

with secondaries ranging in size down to micropunctures and much more numerous than primaries; subtegular patch of dense micropunctures wider than tegula and extending downward along prepectal suture
68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

to far below its angle. Legs largely black. Hind tibia

not inflated, or arched on upper margin, its inner face

carinate; sensorium nearly as broad as long, about

one-fourth width of joint. Hind basitarsus without

groove. Tegula highly polished, without groove on

anterior margin. Forewing with slightly infumate

membrane; stigma separated by less than its length

from basal vein; radius without spur at its apex.

Dorsal propodeum lateral to areola highly polished,

without sculpturing; areola (Figure 39) widest posterior to base where it is about one and one-third times

apical width, length less than 3 times apical width.

Lateral propodeum with rugulae relatively coarse and

widely spaced; lower part with sparse fringe of microsetae near coxal cavity. Tergum 1 with dorsum nearly

impunctate, and without transverse carina; preapical

band a deep, narrow groove with a high escarpment

on anterior border and a very indistinct row of minute

punctures posteriorly (usually visible only, when

viewed from in front). Terga 2 and 3 with preapical

punctures not of uniform size nor arranged in a narrowly linear row. Pygidium punctate on basal half;

impunctate apex polished, without wrinkles.

Length 9.8 to 13.4 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—1; same data as holotype. 1; "Nova"

Teutonia, Brazil, 27°11'S by 52°23'W, 300 to 500 m,

1-1957 (Fritz Plaumann) (CNC). 1; "Monat," Brazil,

IV-1913 (P. Hartig) (USNM).

The data on the third paratype is scarcely legible.

87. Tiphia (Tiphia) tucumanae, new species

FIGURE 40

T. tucumanae runs in the key to a group of 5 species

in which there is no transverse carina on tergum 1,

the hind basitarsus is not grooved and the preapical

band is not impressed and consists of medium-size

punctures. In this group T. tucumanae can be readily

distinguished by the metatibial sensorium which is a

deep pit, and the exceptionally long, slender propodeal

areola. The strong connection between the anteromedian escarpment and the notaulices is also unusual.

HOLOTYPE.— 9 ; San Pedro de Colalao, Tucuman,

Argentina, 1-1953 (F. H. Walz) (UK).

FEMALE.—Front on upper half bipunctate with

moderate numbers of large secondary punctures, and

of second-degree density, with interspaces as wide as

an ocellus.

Dorsal pronotum with transverse carina faintly developed on lateral third; bipunctate, the punctures of

first-degree density medially and in a lateral band

extending to base of tegula, broadly sparse punctate

on lateral discs. Lateral pronotum with anterior process from humeral angle downward broadly rounded;

devoid of rugulae or transdiscal groove. Scutum with

anteromedian escarpment strongly connected with

notaulices; with median plaque of coarse punctures.

Mesopleuron on outer disc with only a few widely

spaced primary punctures, and somewhat more numerous secondaries of assorted sizes; subtegular patch

of micropunctures as wide as tegula and not extended

ventrally along prepectal ridge. Legs entirely black.

Hind tibia (Figure 40) with its inner face carinate;

sensorium in a large, deeply sunken pit, scarcely longer

than wide and almost half width of tibia. Hind basitarsus without groove. Tegula glossy, without marginal

grooves. Forewing slightly infumate; stigma separated

by more than its length from basal vein; radius without apical spur.

Dorsal propodeum beside areola finely close punctate; areola with nearly straight sides, narrow, about

5 times as long as apical width. Tergum 1 with dorsal

area rather coarsely punctate; preapical band not impressed and consisting of an array of medium-sized

punctures, 1 to 2 punctures wide. Intermediate terga

with moderate-sized punctures of uniform size and uniform in distribution except for impunctate areas on

terga 2, 3, and 4 where terminal punctures medially

are widely separated from apices. Pygidium finely

rugose punctate on basal half; impunctate half sharply defined and only obscurely shagreened near punctate part.

Length 8.7 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

88. Tiphia (Tiphia) maileri, new species

FIGURE 41

T. malleri is represented only by the holotype specimen

and is an unusually large species. It is grouped in the

key with 4 other species which are certainly not closely

related. It differs from all of these in having its mesopleuron almost devoid of primary punctures. Other

identifying characters are the absence of an anterior

transverse carina on tergum 1 and a preapical band
NUMBER 1 1 3 69

which is not bordered anteriorly by an escarpment,

and the absence of a groove on the hind basitarsus.

HOLOTYPE.— ? ; "Gorupa," Santa Catarina, Brazil,

X-1945 (A. Mailer) (AMNH).

FEMALE.—Front on upper half conspicuously bipunctate with a few large primaries and numerous

large secondaries; with several impunctate interspaces

much wider than an ocellus. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum without trace of transverse carina

except at humeral angle; primary punctures sparse on

disc but concentrated in a transverse band across middle; with many large secondaries. Lateral pronotum

with anterior process everywhere broadly rounded;

without rugulae or middiscal groove. Scutum with

poorly developed anteromedian escarpment and a median plaque of large punctures. Mesopleuron (Figure

41) with a few widely separated primary punctures on

anterior and upper part, outer disc below level of

spiracle with no punctures except a few widely separated secondaries; subtegular patch of dense micropunctures much narrower than tegula. Legs entirely

black. Hind tibia on inner face without carina but

definitely angular in cross section; sensorial area flush

with surrounding surface, as broad as apex of basitarsus, scarcely longer than wide. Hind basitarsus

without groove. Tegula without shagreening or marginal grooves. Forewing with its membrane strongly

infumate; stigma separated by more than its length

from basal vein; radius with bend about one-third

distance to intercubitus, and terminating in an outwardly directed stump; radial cell 4.1 times as long

as wide.

Propodeum with its areola about 3 times as long as

apical width, its sides slightly concave, its middle carina linear and nearly complete. Lateral propodeum

on upper part with its rugulae fine and closely spaced

but not evanescent; lower part with short, sparse,

micropile on posterior two-fifths. Tergum 1 on anterior face with a longitudinal crease; without transverse carina; preapical band a single irregular row of

punctures of assorted sizes and second-degree density,

not impressed. Tergum 2 with only small, widely separated punctures except at apex where there is an

irregular terminal row separated from apex by 3 to 4

times width of largest adjacent punctures. Terga 3

and 4 with broad impunctuate areas. Pygidium on

basal two-thirds closely and finely elongate punctate;

impunctate apex wrinkled and faintly shagreened to

apex.

Length 20.8 mm.

MALE .—Unknown.

89. Tiphia (Tiphia) inusitata, new species

FIGURE 42

This species is segregated in the key with a small group

in which there is no basitarsal groove, no anterior

transverse carina on tergum 1, and no escarpment on

anterior border of preapical band. In T. inusitata

there is the unusual combination of closely contiguous

punctures of uniform size on the entire front, vertex,

anterior dorsal pronotum and scutum. On the anterior

part of the second sternum there is a very conspicuous

callosity elongated into a rounded keel. None of the

other species grouped with it have similar characters.

HOLOTYPE.— ? ; Sao Paulo, Brazil, V-1954 (N. L.

H. Krauss) (USNM).

FEMALE.—Front and vertex entirely covered with

deep, contiguous punctures of uniform size. Antennal

flagellum unusually slender, first 3 joints 4.3 times as

long as wide. Clypeal extension narrow and prominently bidentate. Mandible without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum without anterior transverse carina,

anterior two-thirds entirely covered with closely contiguous punctures of uniform size. Lateral pronotum

with faint rugulae; without transdiscal escarpment or

groove. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment and

notaulices not connected; area enclosed closely set

with contiguous primary punctures. Mesopleuron on

outer disc with small primary punctures separated by

more than their average diameter and at least an

equal number of large secondaries; all except ventral

aspect densely set with extremely small micropunctures. Legs black. Hind leg slender, its femur 3.3 times

as long as greatest width. Hind tibia angular in cross

section, its sensorium black, only a fifth as wide as

joint, oval and about 3 times as long as wide. Hind

basitarsus without groove. Tegula broadly but faintly

shagreened; without groove on outer margin. Forewing with membrane and wings near base distinctly

flavous; stigma separated by its length from basal vein;

radius on first section with a short, backward directed

spur, without terminal spur; radial cell elongate, 3.5

times as long as wide.
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Dorsal propodeum with areola nearly rectangular,

its length two and one-fourth times apical width. Lateral propodeum with rugulae fine but widely separated; microsetae on lower part short and very fine,

not masking any part. Tergum 1 without anterior

transverse carina; preapical band a single row of

coarse, somewhat irregular punctures, not impressed.

Sternum 2 (Figure 42) with a very conspicuous median callosity resembling a rounded keel. Intermediate terga almost entirely covered with punctures,

the largest of which are very coarse. Pygidium closely

punctuate on basal two-thirds; impunctate apex

glossy.

Length 13.6 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

90. Tiphia (Tiphia) annabella, new species

T. annabella is known only from the holotype. In this

species the absence of 3 characters, i.e., the basitarsal

groove, anterior transverse carina and the escarpment

bordering the preapical band of tergum 1 bring it in

the key to a small group of apparently unrelated species. It possesses normal punctation of the mesopleuron, lacks a transverse carina on dorsal pronotum

and the usual mitralshaped enclosure of the spiracle

on the dorsal propodeum.

HOLOTYPE.— ? ; "Nova" Teutonia, Brazil, 27°ITS,

52°23'W, 300 to 500 m, 11-1965 (Fritz Plaumann)

(CNC).

FEMALE.—Front on upper half with punctures

chiefly of second-degree density; without interspaces

as wide as an ocellus except for one spot on upper

part of median vitta. Mandible without preapical

denticle.

Dorsal pronotum without anterior transverse carina;

with coarse punctures of generally uniform size and

distribution and principally of first-degree density.

Lateral pronotum with anterior process broadly

rounded on lower half; disc nearly flat, with scattered

punctures above and plaque of aciculations in ventral

corner; without transdiscal groove. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment not connected laterally with

notaulices; medially a plaque of well-separated primary punctures interspersed with many minute punctures. Mesopleuron on outer disc with widely separated

primary punctures and about an equal number of

large secondaries; subtegular patch of dense micropunctures about as wide as tegula. Hind tibia with

inner face slightly carinate; sensorium about onefourth as wide as joint, elongate pyriform, slightly

depressed below surrounding rim and more than twice

as long as wide. Hind basitarsus without groove. Tegula faintly shagreened, without groove on outer margin. Forewing strongly infumate; stigma separated by

its length from basal vein; radius with a short spur

at bend of first section; without terminal spur.

Dorsal propodeum with mitral-shaped depression

about spiracle obsolete; areola with nearly straight

sides and convex apex, length slightly more than 2

times and base one and one-eighth apical width. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina; preapical

band a single row of extremely fine punctures irregularly spaced but generally separated by more than

their average diameter and not impressed. Intermediate terga coarsely punctuate with primaries of nearly

uniform size, terga 3 and 4 with conspicuous impunctate areas, terga 2 to 5 laterally with apical rows of

somewhat irregular brisues. Pygidium punctate on

basal half, the punctures terminating in a nearly

straight transverse line interrupted by a median emargination; impunctate part shagreened on anterior half,

polished apically.

Length 13.0 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

91. Tiphia (Tiphia) corumba, new species

The outstanding characters of this species are the

complete transverse carina of the dorsal pronotum, the

shagreened tegula and apex of the pygidium, and the

expanded median carina of the propodeal areola. It

is a member of a group that has no groove on the

basitarsus, no anterior transverse carina or escarpment

bordering the preapical band. This species differs in

only small characters from T. bassleri from Peru.

HOLOTYPE.— $ ; "Uruoum," Corumba, Brazil, 23/

29-XII-1919, Cornell University Expedition Lot 569

(CU).

FEMALE.—Front on upper two-thirds with punctures irregularly distributed in small plaques or rows

of first- or second-degree density without interspaces

as wide as an ocellus. Mandible without preapical

denticles.

Dorsal pronotum with transverse carina very low

but complete; punctures concentrated anteromedially

and in transverse band terminating punctate part;

impunctate part medially twice as wide as punctate
NUMBER 1 1 3 71

47

FIGURES 43-48.—Male forewings: 43, Mallochia arnaui, new species, from San Pedro de

Colalao, Argentina; 44, Tiphia paupi Allen and Krombein from Scvilla, Colombia; 45,

T. boxi, new species, from La Vega, Venezuela; 46, T. rossi, new species, from Fresno, Tolima,

Colombia; 47, T. pacozo Allen from Panama Canal Zone; 48, T. sierra, new species, from

"Cosquin Sierra de Cordoba," Argentina.

part. Lateral pronotum without groove across disc;

with faint rugulae in ventral angle. Mesopleuron on

anterior slope with coarse primary punctures usually

separated by slightly more than their average diameter; at least an equal number of secondaries of assorted sizes; subtegular patch of dense microsetae

wider than tegula. Hind tibia on inner face strongly

carinate; sensorium pyriform, about one-fourth as

wide as joint. Hind basitarsus without groove. Tegula

faintly but broadly shagreened, without groove on

outer margin. Forewing moderately infuscate; stigma

separated by much more than its length from basal

vein; first section of radius with conspicuous, inwardly

directed spur; radial cell without terminal spur, about

4.1 times as long as wide.

Dorsal propodeum with inner carina of mitralshaped depression conspicuously sigmoid; areola subrectangular, scarcely more than twice as long as wide,

its median carina expanded and sometimes arborescent. Lateral propodeum with rugulae moderately

strong, numerous, and closely spaced; lower part with

microsetae bordering posterior coxal cavity, thinning

out above and cephalad. Tergum 1 without transverse

carina; anterior face with large patch of micropunctures; preapical band is a single row of punctures,

somewhat irregularly spaced to intervals less than an

average puncture diameter, not impressed. Intermediate terga with rather coarse punctures, not varying

much in size and density of distribution except for

polished impunctate areas on terga 3 and 4. Pygidium

with basal half coarse, shallow, elongate punctate;

impunctate part strongly shagreened almost to apex.
72

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 49-57.—Female forewings: 49, Tiphia huallaga, new species, from "Anduze,"

Venezuela; 50, T. monsona, new species, from Monson Valley, Peru; 51, T. browni, new

species, from Rio Pastaza, Equador; 52, T. scalariformis, new species, from Monson Valley,

Peru; 53, T. quincemila, new species, from Quincemil, Peru; 54, T. iquitosa, new species,

from Iquitos, Peru; 55, T. putumayoa, new species, from Putumayo District, Peru; 56, T.

academae, new species, from Monson Valley, Peru; 57, T. bassleri, new species, from Tumupasa,

Bolivia.
NUMBER 1 1 3 73

Length 12.3 to 15.1 mm.

MALE .—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—1; same data as holotype (GU). 1;

same locality as holotype, 23/29-XII-1919 (R. C.

Harris) (CU).

92. Tiphia (Tiphia) ton in, new species

This species known only from holotype. It runs in the

key to a group having no groove on the hind basitarsus, no anterior transverse carina on tergum 1 and no

escarpment bordering the preapical band. It has a

perceptible transverse carina on the dorsal pronotum,

a scutum on which the anteromedian escarpment and

the notaulices are strongly connected, and impunctate

spaces on the front as wide as an ocellus.

HOLOTYPE.— 9 5 "Nova" Teutonia, Santa Gatarina,

Brazil, 22-111-1952 (Fritz Plaumann) (UK).

FEMALE.—Front on upper half with several interspaces as wide as an ocellus. Antennal flagellum slender, first 3 joints 2.8 times as long as wide. Mandible

without preapical denticle.

Dorsal pronotum with complete transverse carina;

punctures of third-degree density except in a transverse band across middle of segment. Lateral pronotum flat, its only sculpturing being a large area of

microscopic aciculations. Scutum with anteromedian

escutcheon and notaulices strongly connected. Mesopleuron on outer disc with small punctures separated

by several times their average diameter, and a few

minute punctures; subtegular patch of micropunctures narrower than tegula. Hind tibia moderately

angular in cross section; sensorium about one-fifth

width of joint and not longer than broad. Hind basitarsus without groove. Forewing with membrane infumate; stigma separated by slightly more than its

length from basal vein; radius on first section without

backwardly directed spur; radial cell terminating in

an outwardly directed spur.

Areola of dorsal propodeum exceptionally slender,

its length over 4 times, and its base one and one-third

apical width. Lateral propodeum with fine but widely

separated rugulae; microsetae on lower part relatively

sparse. Tergum 1 without anterior transverse carina;

preapical band a single row of punctures which are

not impressed and are separated by less than their

average diameter. Intermediate terga finely punctate;

terga 3 and 4 with nearly impunctate areas anterior to

preapical concentration. Pygidium punctate on basal

half, punctures terminating in an irregular transverse

line; impunctate apex polished, translucent.

Length 8.7 mm.

MALE.—Unknown.

TIPHIINAE of Uncertain Position

In 1910, Brethes described several species of Tiphia

from Argentina and Brazil, which I find impossible to

identify from the original descriptions. I have tried

without success to learn if the types of these species

are still in existence. If they are, they should be in the

collection of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales at Buenos Aires. These species are as follows:

T. andina Brethes, 1910:254. $, described from

Catamaca, Argentina.

T. bonairensis Brethes, 1910:255. ? , described from

Buenos Aires, Argentina.

T. fluminensis Brethes, 1910:256. d, described

from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

T. platensis Brethes, 1910:255. ? , Buenos Aires,

Argentina.

T. saltensis Brethes, 1910:254. $, described from

Salta, Argentina.

T. pallidicornis Turner, 1910:225. Described from

a small male 6 mm long with orange antennae. The

type is listed as being at the British Museum but I

have been unable to find it there. The description is

entirely inadequate for identification. Type locality,

Anuncion, Paraguay.

In 1913, Brethes described two new species for

which he proposed a new genus and 2 new subgenera.

As with the Tiphia listed above, I have found the

types are inaccessible. Brethes' proposal of one new

genus and 2 new subgenera appears to be based almost

entirely on relatively obscure wing characters. No

other specimens have been identified of either genus

or subgenera since the species were described more

than 55 years ago. It appears to me that these do not

lie outside the limits of characters of the subgenus

Tiphia of the genus Tiphia as presently recognized.

Tiphia (Tiphia) jorgenseni equals Tiphiodes (Tiphiodes) jorgenseni Brethes, 1913:110.

Tiphia (Tiphia) luridipennis equals Tiphiodes

(Protiphia) luridipennis Brethes, 1913:110.

Literature Cited

Allen, H. W.

1962. Types of Tiphiinae (Hymenoptera) in the British
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Museum (Natural History). Transactions American Entomological Society, 88:21-75.

1964. New Species of Tiphia (Hymenoptera:Tiphiidae)

from Panama, Notulae Naturae, 371, 6 pages.

1965. Tiphiinae (Hymenoptera:Tiphiidae) of Western

North America. Proceedings Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia, 117:45-115.

1966 a. The genus Epomidiopteron Remand (Hymenoptera-Tiphiidae). Entomological News, 77:205-

211.

1966 b. A Revision of the Tiphiinae (Hymenoptera:

Tiphiidae) of Eastern North America. Transactions American Entomological Society, 92: 231-

356.

1970. Tiphia of the West Indies (Hymenoptera:Tiphiidae). Proceedings Entomological Society of

Washington, 72:252-269.

1971. A Monographic Study of the Genus Tiphia (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) of Western North

America. Transactions American Entomological

Society, 97.

Allen, H. W. and K. V. Krombein

1961. Tiphia of Cuba and Hispaniola (Hymenoptera:

Tiphiidae) Transactions American Entomological

Society, 87: 57-66.

Brethes, J.

1910. Hymenopteros Argentinos. Fam. Tiphiidae.

Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, series

3, 13:252-256.

1913. Himenopteros de la America Meridional. Anales

del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 24:35-160.

Malloch, J. R.

1918. The North American Species of the Genus

Tiphia (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) in the Collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey.

Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin, 13, 124

pages.

Rohwer, S. A.

1912. Descriptions of New Species of Wasps in the

Collection of the United States National Museum.

Proceedings United States National Museum,

41:447-478.

Romand, M.

1836. Epomidiopteron julii, Noveau Genre et Nouvelle

Espece d'Hymenoptere. Annales de la Societe

Entomologique, 4: 653-656.

Smith, F.

1855. Catalogue of the Hymenopterous Insects in the

Collection of the British Museum (Genera Tiphia

and Epomidiopteron). Pages 84-85.

1879. Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in

the Collection of the British Museum (Tiphia).

Pages 184-188.

Turner, R. W.

1908. Remarks on the Hymenopterous Genus Tiphia.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series

8,2:116-131.

1910. On the Thynnidae and Scoliidae collected in

Paraguay by Professor Anisits. Zoologische Jahrbu'eher Abteilung fiir Systematik Okologie und

Geographic der Tiere, 29: 224-246.

1911a. Notes on the Fossorial Hymenoptera: III, On

Some Species of Thynnidae, Scoliidae and Sapygidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History,

series 8, 7:297-310.

1911b. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera: V, Further

Notes on the Thynnidae and Scoliidae. Annals

and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 8:602-

604.
Index

[Principal species references are italicized.]

Epomidiopteron Romand, 1, 3

julii Romand, 2, 3

Krombeinia Pate, 1, 2

Mallochia, new genus, 1, 3, 4

alini, new species, 6

arnaui, new species, 4, 5, 6, 71

colalao, new species, 4, 6

Neotiphia Malloch, 1, 3, 4, 38

Paratiphia Sichel, 1, 3, 4, 26

Tiphia Fabricius, 1, 2, 15, 18, 19, 29, 30, 38, 41, 47, 64,

65, 73

acadamae, new species, 28, 42, 72

aguacatal, new species, 8, 22

alpha, new species, 43, 50

ancha, new species, 28, 33, 34

andina Brethes, 73

annabella, new species, 45, 70

arnaui, new species, 44, 55, 56

bartica, new species, 8, 22, 23, 24

bassleri, new species, 28, 42, 70, 72

beta, new species, 44, 53, 55, 56

bogota, new species, 8, 76

bonairensis Brethes, 73

boxi, new species, 5, 7, 12, 71

browni, new species, 28, 34, 37, 38, 72

caerulea, new species, 8, 78, 26

campanula Smith, 25

catarina, new species, 44, 53, 55, 56

cololao, new species, 44, 54

chalybea Smith, 18, 19, 25, 26

columbiana, new species, 8, 19

cordoba, new species, 45, 53, 64, 65

cornelliana, new species, 44, 57, 58, 60

corumba, new species, 45, 70

cosquina, new species, 43, 47, 48

cumana, new species, 44, 59

cuzcoa, new species, 28, 35

delta, new species, 28, 33, 35

diamantina, new species, 44, 58, 59

elongata Turner, 29, 45, 64

flumenensis Brethes, 73

fulvitarsis Rohwer, 27, 31, 32

gamma, new species, 43, 50

geijskesi, new species, 7, 8, 10, 12, 20

gigantea Turner, 45, 62, 63

gilvapennis, new species, 28, 41

hodgesi, new species, 23, 27, 29

huallaga, new species, 8, 20, 23, 28, 29, 36, 72

inornata Say, 63

insueta, new species, 7, 12, 13, 75, 16

intermedia Malloch, 1, 7, 14

inusitata, new species, 45, 66, 69

iquitosa, new species, 28, 39, 40, 72

jonesii Turner, 43, 49

jorgenseni Brethes, 73

jujuya, new species, 43, 47, 48

lassana, new species, 44, 57, 58, 60

lima, new species, 28, 31, 32

luridpennis Brethes, 73

makdona, new species, 44, 67, 62

malleri, new species, 45, 66, 68

manni, new species, 28, 37

margareta, new species, 45, 62, 63

maria, new species, 28, 35, 36

meridionalis Turner, 44, 67

michelbacheri, new species, 45, 65, 66, 67

monsona, new species, 28, 29, 34, 35, 36, 72

narinensis, new species, 5, 7, 9, 29

oblonga Smith, 8, 20

osborni, new species, 5, 7, 8

pacozo Allen, 8, 77, 71

pallidicornis Turner, 73

pallisteri, new species, 23, 27, 30, 32

parallela Smith, 25, 26, 27

parana, new species, 45, 66, 67

parkeri, new species, 44, 46, 57, 52, 61

pastaza, new species, 28, 31, 32

paupi Allen and Krombein, 7, 70, 71

penai, new species, 27, 30, 32

perubra, new species, 28, 39, 40

phedra, new species, 8, 22, 23, 24

platensis Brethes, 73

plaumanni, new species, 44, 52, 53

putumayoa, new species, 28, 40, 72

quincemila, new species, 28, 34, 39, 72

ramara, new species, 8, 13, 77

ripaliwinae, new species, 5, 7, 9, 10

rossi, new species, 7, 10, 13, 76, 71

saltaensis Brethes, 67, 73

salutatrix Smith, 25, 26

sankutei, new species, 44, 59, 60

saopaula, new species, 44, 57, 60

savanna, new species, 7, 8, 72, 13, 15, 16, 20

scalariformis, new species, 28, 34, 38, 72

selloi, new species, 45, 64

shannoni, new species, 45, 66, 67

sierra, new species, 43, 49, 71

silvae, new species, 8, 27

solitaria Smith, 25

Surinam, new species, 8, 27

teutonia, new species, 43, 46, 48

tonia, new species, 45, 73

75
76

tucumanae, new species, 45, 66, 68

uruouma, new species, 44, 59, 60

vandervechti, new species, 8, 18, 19, 26

veracruzae Allen, 10

vincenta, new species, 12, 15, 43, 45, 46, 56

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

walzi, new species, 44, 45, 53, 54, 64, 65

williamsi Allen, 17

wosuna, new species, 8, 20

Tiphiodes Brethes, 73

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