II 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 5285 

To stop the shipment of illicit synthetic drugs via transportation networks 

in the United States, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

SEPTEMBER 25, 2024 

Ms. CANTWELL (for herself, Ms. BALDWIN, Ms. ROSEN, Mr. TESTER, and Mr. 

LUJA ́N) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 

to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 

A BILL 

To stop the shipment of illicit synthetic drugs via transportation networks in the United States, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Stop Smuggling Illicit Synthetic Drugs on U.S. Trans6 portation Networks Act of 2024’’. 

7 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

8 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Sense of Congress. 


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Sec. 3. Rule of construction. 

Sec. 4. Definitions. 

TITLE I—USE OF CANINES AND NON-INTRUSIVE ADVANCED 

TECHNOLOGY TO DISRUPT INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF 

ILLICIT SYNTHETIC DRUGS 

Sec. 101. Definitions. 

Sec. 102. Development of comprehensive national strategy to prevent illicit synthetic drug smuggling through United States transportation 

systems to protect transportation security and interstate commerce. 

Sec. 103. Development of strategy to accelerate research and development of 

non-intrusive, advanced inspection technologies to detect illicit 

synthetic drugs. 

Sec. 104. Expanded non-intrusive inspections at ports of entry. 

Sec. 105. Civil cargo inspection program. 

Sec. 106. Land-based transportation inspection programs. 

Sec. 107. NHTSA public service announcement campaign. 

Sec. 108. Maritime transportation inspection program. 

Sec. 109. Grant program for use of non-intrusive and other advanced technology and canines for State, local, territorial, and Tribal law 

enforcement agencies for civil cargo and land transportation. 

Sec. 110. Additional requirements for canines used in inspection programs. 

Sec. 111. Annual briefing. 

Sec. 112. Limitations and protections. 

Sec. 113. Requirements for inspection program participation and receipt of 

grant awards. 

Sec. 114. Duration. 

Sec. 115. Rules of construction. 

TITLE II—ADDITIONAL MEASURES TO COMBAT ILLICIT SYNTHETIC DRUG TRAFFICKING ON UNITED STATES TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 

Sec. 201. Transportation Security Administration. 

Sec. 202. Strategy and plan for Coast Guard interdiction of illicit synthetic 

drugs in the maritime environment. 

Sec. 203. Pilot program on improving crime scene investigations and death investigations involving illicit synthetic drugs. 

Sec. 204. Authorization and expansion of Rapid Drug Analysis and Research 

program. 

Sec. 205. Emerging drugs pilot program. 

Sec. 206. National Science Foundation pilot program to combat illicit synthetic 

drugs. 

Sec. 207. Public-private task force. 

1 SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

2 It is the sense of Congress that— 


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1 (1) fentanyl and other illicit synthetic drugs 

2 pose a threat to the national security of the United 

3 States; 

4 (2) drug traffickers exploit the United States 

5 transportation network to smuggle such drugs into, 

6 out of, and through the United States; 

7 (3) this exploitation— 

8 (A) undermines transportation security; 

9 and 

10 (B) could result in significant disruptions 

11 to interstate commerce; 

12 (4) this Act relies on existing agency authorities 

13 and does not establish a new national screening 

14 framework distinct from any such framework in ex15 istence as of the date of the enactment of this Act; 

16 and 

17 (5) State, local, Tribal, and territorial law en18 forcement agencies need additional resources to ac19 quire advanced technologies and canines to conduct 

20 non-intrusive inspections for illicit synthetic drugs. 

21 SEC. 3. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 

22 Nothing is this Act shall be construed to modify any 

23 Federal law or regulation pertaining to searches for and 

24 seizures of illicit synthetic drugs as applied to State, local, 

25 Tribal, and territorial law enforcement. 


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1 SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS. 

2 In this Act: 

3 (1) ILLICIT.—The term ‘‘illicit’’ means, with re4 spect to synthetic drugs, transporting, manufac5 turing, possessing, distributing, dispensing, pur6 chasing, selling, importing, or exporting in violation 

7 of Federal law. 

8 (2) SYNTHETIC DRUGS.—The term ‘‘synthetic 

9 drugs’’ means fentanyl, fentanyl analogues, fentanyl10 related substances, methamphetamine, xylazine, and 

11 other controlled substances (as that term is defined 

12 in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 

13 U.S.C. 802)) and controlled substance analogues 

14 that are produced by means of chemical synthesis. 

15 TITLE I—USE OF CANINES AND 

16 NON-INTRUSIVE ADVANCED 

17 TECHNOLOGY TO DISRUPT 

18 INTERSTATE TRANSPOR19 TATION OF ILLICIT SYN20 THETIC DRUGS 

21 SEC. 101. DEFINITIONS. 

22 In this title: 

23 (1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis24 trator’’ means the Administrator of the Transpor25 tation Security Administration. 


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1 (2) AMTRAK.—The term ‘‘Amtrak’’ means the 

2 National Railroad Passenger Corporation. 

3 (3) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT4 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com5 mittees’’ means— 

6 (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 

7 and Transportation of the Senate; 

8 (B) the Committee on Homeland Security 

9 and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; 

10 (C) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

11 Senate; 

12 (D) the Committee on Homeland Security 

13 of the House of Representatives; 

14 (E) the Committee on Transportation and 

15 Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; 

16 and 

17 (F) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

18 House of Representatives. 

19 (4) CARGO; CIVIL AIRCRAFT.—The terms 

20 ‘‘cargo’’ and ‘‘civil aircraft’’ have the meanings given 

21 those terms in section 40102 of title 49, United 

22 States Code. 

23 (5) COVERED LAW.—The term ‘‘covered law’’ 

24 means— 


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1 (A) the Controlled Substances Act (21 

2 U.S.C. 801 et seq.); 

3 (B) the Controlled Substances Import and 

4 Export Act (21 U.S.C. 951 et seq.); and 

5 (C) any other Federal, State, local, or 

6 Tribal law relating to controlled substances, in7 cluding the possession, distribution, sale, detec8 tion, interdiction, import, or export of controlled 

9 substances. 

10 (6) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ 

11 has the meaning given that term in section 4 of the 

12 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 

13 Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 

14 (7) LOCAL GOVERNMENT; STATE.—The terms 

15 ‘‘local government’’ and ‘‘State’’ have the meanings 

16 given those terms in section 2 of the Homeland Se17 curity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101). 

18 (8) RAILROAD.—The term ‘‘railroad’’ has the 

19 meaning given that term in section 20102 of title 

20 49, United States Code. 


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1 SEC. 102. DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL 

2 STRATEGY TO PREVENT ILLICIT SYNTHETIC 

3 DRUG SMUGGLING THROUGH UNITED 

4 STATES TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS TO PRO5 TECT TRANSPORTATION SECURITY AND 

6 INTERSTATE COMMERCE. 

7 The Director of the Office of National Drug Control 

8 Policy, in consultation and coordination with the Secretary 

9 of Transportation, the Secretary of Homeland Security, 

10 the Attorney General, and representatives of the private 

11 sector and unions representing transportation workers, 

12 shall— 

13 (1) develop a comprehensive national strategy 

14 that— 

15 (A) prevents the smuggling of illicit syn16 thetic drugs through United States transpor17 tation systems; 

18 (B) protects transportation security; 

19 (C) prevents disruptions to interstate com20 merce; and 

21 (D) does not unduly delay or interfere with 

22 the free flow of goods and services in interstate 

23 commerce or the movement of people; and 

24 (2) not later than 2 years after the date of the 

25 enactment of this Act, submit a report to the appro26 priate congressional committees describing the imVerDate Sep 11 2014 20:05 Oct 18, 2024 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5285.IS S5285

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1 plementation of the strategy developed pursuant to 

2 paragraph (1). 

3 SEC. 103. DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGY TO ACCELERATE 

4 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NON-IN5 TRUSIVE, ADVANCED INSPECTION TECH6 NOLOGIES TO DETECT ILLICIT SYNTHETIC 

7 DRUGS. 

8 (a) DEFINED TERM.—In this section, the term ‘‘ap9 propriate congressional committees’’ means— 

10 (1) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

11 Transportation of the Senate; 

12 (2) the Committee on Homeland Security and 

13 Governmental Affairs of the Senate; 

14 (3) the Committee on Finance of the Senate; 

15 (4) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Sen16 ate; 

17 (5) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of 

18 the House of Representatives; 

19 (6) the Committee on Homeland Security of the 

20 House of Representatives; 

21 (7) the Committee on Financial Services of the 

22 House of Representatives; and 

23 (8) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

24 House of Representatives. 


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1 (b) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of 

2 Science and Technology Policy and the Director of the Of3 fice of National Drug Control Policy, in consultation and 

4 coordination with the Director of the National Science 

5 Foundation, the Secretary of Commerce (acting through 

6 the Director of the National Institute of Standards and 

7 Technology), the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of 

8 Homeland Security, the Administrator of the Transpor9 tation Security Administration, and the Attorney General, 

10 shall— 

11 (1) develop a joint strategy to accelerate re12 search and development and deployment of non-in13 trusive, advanced inspection technologies and other 

14 advanced inspection technologies to detect illicit syn15 thetic drugs, such as artificial intelligence and quan16 tum hybrid computing and integration of multiple 

17 data sources; and 

18 (2) not later than 2 years after the date of the 

19 enactment of this Act, submit a report on such 

20 strategy to the appropriate congressional commit21 tees. 

22 SEC. 104. EXPANDED NON-INTRUSIVE INSPECTIONS AT 

23 PORTS OF ENTRY. 

24 (a) INSPECTION OF ALL VEHICLES AND TRAINS AT

25 LAND PORTS OF ENTRY.—Beginning not later than 5 


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1 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Com2 missioner for U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall 

3 carry out non-intrusive inspections of each motor vehicle 

4 and train entering the United States through a land port 

5 of entry to detect illicit synthetic drugs, including fentanyl 

6 and its analogs. 

7 (b) INSPECTIONS OF CIVIL AIR CARGO.—Beginning 

8 not later than 5 years after the date of the enactment of 

9 this Act, the Commissioner for U.S. Customs and Border 

10 Protection shall carry out non-intrusive inspections of at 

11 least 50 percent of all cargo transported on civil aircraft 

12 entering the United States through an international air13 port to detect illicit synthetic drugs, including fentanyl 

14 and its analogs. Such inspections shall increase by 10 per15 cent per year until 100 percent of cargo transported on 

16 civil aircraft entering the United States through an inter17 national airport is inspected. 

18 (c) INSPECTIONS OF MARITIME CARGO.—Beginning 

19 not later than 5 years after the date of the enactment of 

20 this Act, the Commissioner for U.S. Customs and Border 

21 Protection, in coordination with the Commissioner of the 

22 United State Coast Guard, shall carry out non-intrusive 

23 inspections of at least 50 percent of all cargo transported 

24 on marine vessels entering the United States through an 

25 international seaport to detect illicit synthetic drugs, inVerDate Sep 11 2014 20:05 Oct 18, 2024 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5285.IS S5285

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1 cluding fentanyl and its analogs. Such inspections shall 

2 increase by 10 percent per year until 100 percent of cargo 

3 transported on marine vessels entering the United States 

4 through an international seaport is inspected. 

5 (d) GUIDELINES FOR INSPECTIONS AND SUBSE6 QUENT ACTIVITIES.—The Commissioner for U.S. Cus7 toms and Border Protection shall— 

8 (1) develop guidelines— 

9 (A) establishing the criteria for initiating 

10 an inspection, search, seizure, or other activity 

11 required under this section; 

12 (B) describing how such activities should 

13 be carried out; and 

14 (C) specifying where such activities may be 

15 conducted; and 

16 (2) develop and implement a plan to ensure in17 spections, searches, seizures, and other activities re18 quired under this section— 

19 (A) are lawful and comply with the Fourth 

20 Amendment to the Constitution of the United 

21 States and other federally protected rights; 

22 (B) do not unduly prolong delays to goods 

23 and persons traveling in interstate commerce; 

24 (C) are not performed with discriminatory 

25 intent or purpose; 


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1 (D) are carried out in a standardized man2 ner and in accordance with the guidelines devel3 oped pursuant to paragraph (1); and 

4 (E) do not unreasonably interfere with or 

5 compromise other lawful inspections, 

6 screenings, and business operations. 

7 (e) FUNDING.—The activities required under this 

8 section shall be funded through the Department of the 

9 Treasury Forfeiture Fund established under section 9705 

10 of title 31, United States Code. 

11 SEC. 105. CIVIL CARGO INSPECTION PROGRAM. 

12 (a) CIVIL CARGO INSPECTION PROGRAM.— 

13 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall 

14 establish a program for— 

15 (A) detecting illicit synthetic drugs trans16 ported in and through the United States using 

17 cargo transported by civil aircraft outside ports 

18 of entry; and 

19 (B) aiding in the enforcement of covered 

20 laws relating to such transportation. 

21 (2) MANNER OF DETECTION.—The detection of 

22 illicit synthetic drugs described in paragraph (1)(A) 

23 shall be carried out through random, non-intrusive 

24 inspections of cargo transported by civil aircraft utiVerDate Sep 11 2014 20:05 Oct 18, 2024 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5285.IS S5285

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1 lizing prevailing and emerging technologies and ca2 nines. 

3 (b) INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Adminis4 trator shall carry out the program established pursuant 

5 to subsection (a) in coordination with— 

6 (1) the Attorney General; 

7 (2) the Secretary of Homeland Security; 

8 (3) the Executive Associate Director of Home9 land Security Investigations; 

10 (4) the Secretary of Transportation; 

11 (5) the Postmaster General; 

12 (6) the Chief Postal Inspector of the Postal In13 spection Service; and 

14 (7) any other Federal agency the Administrator 

15 deems appropriate. 

16 (c) INSPECTIONS.—Any Federal, State, Tribal, terri17 torial, or local law enforcement officer designated by the 

18 Administrator may conduct inspections as part of the pro19 gram established pursuant to subsection (a), in coordina20 tion with the Secretary of Homeland Security and the At21 torney General. 

22 (d) CONSULTATION.—In establishing the program 

23 pursuant to subsection (a), the Administrator shall consult 

24 with relevant labor organizations representing employees 

25 to identify procedures for inspecting and interdicting 


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1 cargo in a manner that limits impacts to interstate trans2 portation and airport operations. 

3 (e) TRAINING FOR PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS.— 

4 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in con5 sultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security 

6 and the United States Attorney General, shall de7 velop training materials and conduct training based 

8 on such materials for all State, local, territorial, and 

9 Tribal law enforcement agencies participating in the 

10 program established pursuant to subsection (a) to 

11 ensure inspections are carried out effectively, safely, 

12 lawfully, and in a standardized manner. 

13 (2) CONTENT OF TRAINING MATERIALS.—The 

14 training developed and conducted pursuant to para15 graph (1) shall include— 

16 (A) an overview of the purpose of the pro17 gram required under subsection (a); 

18 (B) information and exercises relating to 

19 preventing occupational exposure to illicit syn20 thetic drugs and the use of personal protective 

21 equipment; 

22 (C) the contents of the relevant guidelines 

23 and plan established pursuant to section 112; 

24 (D) procedures for lawfully conducting 

25 non-intrusive inspections; and 


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1 (E) live exercises to simulate inspections. 

2 (3) REQUIREMENTS.—State, local, territorial, 

3 and Tribal law enforcement agencies participating in 

4 the program established pursuant to subsection (a) 

5 shall complete such training before carrying out any 

6 inspections authorized under this section. 

7 SEC. 106. LAND-BASED TRANSPORTATION INSPECTION 

8 PROGRAMS. 

9 (a) RAIL INSPECTION PROGRAM.— 

10 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall 

11 establish a program for— 

12 (A) detecting illicit synthetic drugs trans13 ported in and through United States by pas14 senger rail and freight rail networks outside 

15 ports of entry; and 

16 (B) aiding in the enforcement of covered 

17 laws relating to such transportation. 

18 (2) MANNER OF DETECTION.—The detection of 

19 illicit synthetic drugs described in paragraph (1) 

20 shall be carried out through random, non-intrusive 

21 inspections of intercity passenger rail and freight 

22 rail networks utilizing prevailing and emerging tech23 nologies and canines. 


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1 (3) INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Ad2 ministrator shall carry out the program established 

3 pursuant to paragraph (1)— 

4 (A) in coordination with the Attorney Gen5 eral; and 

6 (B) in consultation with— 

7 (i) the Secretary of Homeland Secu8 rity; 

9 (ii) the Executive Associate Director 

10 of Homeland Security Investigations; 

11 (iii) the Secretary of Transportation; 

12 (iv) the Administrator of the Federal 

13 Railroad Administration; 

14 (v) the Chief Executive Officer of Am15 trak; 

16 (vi) the head of railroad police as de17 termined by the railroad for all Class I 

18 railroads; 

19 (vii) the Postmaster General; 

20 (viii) the Chief Postal Inspector of the 

21 Postal Inspection Service; and 

22 (ix) any other Federal agency the Ad23 ministrator deems appropriate. 

24 (4) INSPECTIONS.—Any Federal, State, Tribal, 

25 territorial, or local law enforcement officer desVerDate Sep 11 2014 20:05 Oct 18, 2024 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5285.IS S5285

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1 ignated by the Administrator may conduct inspec2 tions as part of the program established pursuant to 

3 paragraph (1), in coordination with the Secretary of 

4 Homeland Security and the Attorney General. Any 

5 inspections conducted as part of such program along 

6 railroad property shall be done in coordination with 

7 the railroad that owns such property. 

8 (5) PASSENGER RAIL.—In establishing the pro9 gram for passenger rail pursuant to paragraph (1), 

10 the Attorney General and the Chief Executive Offi11 cer of Amtrak shall consult with Indian tribes and 

12 coordinate with State, local, and Tribal law enforce13 ment agencies to resolve program implementation 

14 and enforcement of Federal drug trafficking laws 

15 pursuant to the program, including— 

16 (A) implementation and enforcement in In17 dian Country and rural areas with limited jail 

18 space or detention capabilities; 

19 (B) the need for ongoing cooperation and 

20 coordination with Tribal law enforcement agen21 cies; and 

22 (C) additional Federal resources, including 

23 additional Federal law enforcement presence, in 

24 Indian country and rural areas. 


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1 (6) APPLICATION.— The pilot program for pas2 senger rail shall consider the unique public safety 

3 needs of passenger rail routes in rural areas and in 

4 Indian country. 

5 (b) COMMERCIAL TRUCKING INSPECTION PRO6 GRAM.— 

7 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall 

8 establish a program for— 

9 (A) detecting illicit synthetic drugs trans10 ported in and through the interior United 

11 States by commercial motor vehicles; and 

12 (B) aiding in the enforcement of covered 

13 laws relating to such transportation. 

14 (2) MANNER OF DETECTION.—The detection of 

15 illicit synthetic drugs described in paragraph (1) 

16 shall be carried out through random, non-intrusive 

17 inspections of cargo transported by commercial 

18 motor vehicles utilizing prevailing and emerging 

19 technologies and canines. 

20 (3) INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Ad21 ministrator shall carry out the program established 

22 pursuant to paragraph (1)— 

23 (A) in coordination with the Attorney Gen24 eral; and 

25 (B) in consultation with— 


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1 (i) the Secretary of Homeland Secu2 rity; 

3 (ii) the Executive Associate Director 

4 of Homeland Security Investigations; 

5 (iii) the Secretary of Transportation; 

6 (iv) the Administrator of the Federal 

7 Motor Carrier Safety Administration; 

8 (v) the Postmaster General; 

9 (vi) the Chief Postal Inspector of the 

10 Postal Inspection Service; and 

11 (vii) any other Federal agency the Ad12 ministrator deems appropriate. 

13 (4) INSPECTIONS.—Any Federal, State, Tribal, 

14 territorial, or local law enforcement officer des15 ignated by the Administrator may conduct inspec16 tions as part of the program established pursuant to 

17 paragraph (1), in coordination with the Secretary of 

18 Homeland Security and the Attorney General. 

19 (5) LIMITATION.—Any technologies or canines 

20 deployed to detect illicit synthetic drugs in cargo 

21 transported by commercial motor vehicles— 

22 (A) may only be deployed at weigh sta23 tions; 

24 (B) may not be deployed in a manner that 

25 would enable the scanning, monitoring, or other 


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1 detection or recording of vehicles used by the 

2 traveling public in an area not within the 

3 boundaries of a weigh station; and 

4 (C) may not unduly prolong delays to 

5 goods and persons traveling in interstate com6 merce or unreasonably interfere with other in7 spections and lawful commercial operations. 

8 (c) CONSULTATION.— 

9 (1) IN GENERAL.—In establishing the program 

10 pursuant to subsection (b), the Administrator shall 

11 consult with relevant commercial motor carriers, rail 

12 labor organizations representing the employees of 

13 commercial motor carriers and rail carriers, and op14 erators of land ports described in paragraph (2) to 

15 identify procedures for inspecting and interdicting 

16 cargo in a manner that limits impacts to interstate 

17 transportation and rail operations. 

18 (2) LAND PORTS DESCRIBED.—A land port de19 scribed in this paragraph is— 

20 (A) a land port of entry on the border of 

21 the United States through which commercial 

22 freight is moved by rail; 

23 (B) a multimodal port or other inland land 

24 port, including a dry port or intermodal terVerDate Sep 11 2014 20:05 Oct 18, 2024 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S5285.IS S5285

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1 minal, at which commercial freight is loaded, 

2 unloaded, or moved by rail; or 

3 (C) any other freight rail terminal. 

4 (d) TRAINING FOR PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS.— 

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall de6 velop training materials and conduct training based 

7 on such materials for all Federal, State, local, terri8 torial, and Tribal law enforcement agencies partici9 pating in a program established pursuant to this 

10 section to ensure inspections are carried out effec11 tively, safely, lawfully, and in a standardized man12 ner. 

13 (2) CONTENT OF TRAINING MATERIALS.—The 

14 training required under paragraph (1) shall in15 clude— 

16 (A) an overview of the purpose of the pro17 gram; 

18 (B) information and exercises relating to 

19 preventing occupational exposure to illicit syn20 thetic drugs and the use of personal protective 

21 equipment; 

22 (C) the contents of the relevant guidelines 

23 and plan established pursuant to section 112; 

24 (D) procedures for lawfully conducting 

25 non-intrusive inspections; and 


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1 (E) live exercises to simulate inspections. 

2 (3) REQUIREMENTS.—Federal, State, local, ter3 ritorial, and Tribal law enforcement agencies partici4 pating in a program established pursuant to this 

5 section shall complete such training before carrying 

6 out any inspections authorized under this section. 

7 SEC. 107. NHTSA PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT CAM8 PAIGN. 

9 The Administrator of the National Highway Traffic 

10 Safety Administration, in coordination with the Adver11 tising Council, shall develop and implement a national 

12 public service announcement campaign relating to the 

13 dangers of driving under the influence of fentanyl, 

14 fentanyl analogues, and other illicit synthetic opioids. 

15 SEC. 108. MARITIME TRANSPORTATION INSPECTION PRO16 GRAM. 

17 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator, in coordi18 nation with the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement 

19 Administration, the Director of the Federal Bureau of In20 vestigation, and the Commandant of the Coast Guard, 

21 shall establish a program for— 

22 (1) detecting illicit synthetic drugs outside ports 

23 of entry; and 

24 (2) aiding in the enforcement of covered laws 

25 by utilizing prevailing and emerging technologies 


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1 and canines to conduct random, non-intrusive in2 spections of cargo transported by maritime vessels. 

3 (b) CONDUCT OF INSPECTIONS.—Inspections con4 ducted under the program established pursuant to sub5 section (a) may be performed by Federal, State, local, ter6 ritorial, or Tribal law enforcement agencies designated by 

7 the Administrator, in coordination with the Secretary of 

8 Homeland Security and the Attorney General. 

9 (c) CONSULTATION.—In establishing the program re10 quired under subsection (a), the Administrator shall con11 sult with relevant labor organizations representing em12 ployees to identify procedures for inspecting and inter13 dicting cargo in a manner that limits impacts to interstate 

14 transportation and port operations. 

15 (d) TRAINING FOR PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS.— 

16 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall de17 velop training materials and conduct training based 

18 on such materials for all Federal, State, local, terri19 torial, and Tribal law enforcement agencies partici20 pating in the program required under subsection (a) 

21 to ensure inspections conducted under that program 

22 are carried out effectively, safely, lawfully, and in a 

23 standardized manner. 

24 (2) ELEMENTS.—Training required under para25 graph (1) shall include— 


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1 (A) an overview of the purpose of the pro2 gram required under subsection (a); 

3 (B) information and exercises relating to 

4 preventing occupational exposure to illicit syn5 thetic drugs, including the use of personal pro6 tective equipment; 

7 (C) the contents of guidelines and plans 

8 established pursuant to section 112 that are 

9 relevant to carrying out the program; 

10 (D) procedures for lawfully conducting 

11 non-intrusive inspections; and 

12 (E) live exercises to simulate inspections. 

13 (3) COMPLETION OF TRAINING.—Federal, 

14 State, local, territorial, and Tribal law enforcement 

15 agencies participating in the program required under 

16 subsection (a) shall complete the training required 

17 under paragraph (1) before carrying out any inspec18 tions under such program. 

19 SEC. 109. GRANT PROGRAM FOR USE OF NON-INTRUSIVE 

20 AND OTHER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND 

21 CANINES FOR STATE, LOCAL, TERRITORIAL, 

22 AND TRIBAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES 

23 FOR CIVIL CARGO AND LAND TRANSPOR24 TATION. 

25 (a) GRANT PROGRAM.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Homeland 

2 Security may award grants to States, local govern3 ments, and Indian Tribes, including State, local, ter4 ritorial, and Tribal law enforcement agencies, if the 

5 Secretary determines the recipients of such grants 

6 would— 

7 (A) further the objectives of the programs 

8 described in sections 105, 106, and 108; and 

9 (B) carry out the activities described in 

10 paragraph (2). 

11 (2) USE OF FUNDS.—A grant awarded pursu12 ant to paragraph (1) shall be used— 

13 (A) to acquire and conduct training with 

14 respect to technology to detect illicit synthetic 

15 drugs; 

16 (B) to acquire and train canines to detect 

17 illicit synthetic drugs; 

18 (C) to acquire canine handlers and provide 

19 the care for canines described in section 110; 

20 and 

21 (D) to pay overtime compensation and 

22 other investigative expenses incurred by law en23 forcement agencies in conducting inspections 

24 associated with an inspection program estab25 lished under this title. 


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1 (b) APPLICATION.— 

2 (1) IN GENERAL.—A law enforcement agency of 

3 a State, local government, or Indian Tribe or terri4 torial law enforcement agency seeking a grant under 

5 this section shall submit an application at such time, 

6 in such manner, and accompanied by such informa7 tion as the Secretary may require. 

8 (2) REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary of Home9 land Security shall require a law enforcement agency 

10 of a State, territory, local government, or Indian 

11 Tribe seeking a grant under this section to include 

12 in the application for such grant information that 

13 demonstrates the willingness and ability of the law 

14 enforcement agency to conduct activities authorized 

15 under this title in accordance with— 

16 (A) the relevant guidelines and plan estab17 lished pursuant to section 112; and 

18 (B) the Fourth Amendment to the Con19 stitution of the United States. 

20 (c) CONSULTATION REQUIRED.—The Secretary of 

21 Homeland Security shall consult with State and local gov22 ernments and Indian Tribes in developing the grant pro23 gram established pursuant to this section. 


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1 SEC. 110. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CANINES USED 

2 IN INSPECTION PROGRAMS. 

3 (a) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION

4 PROGRAM.—The Administrator, in coordination with the 

5 Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection 

6 Service, shall— 

7 (1) ensure that any canines used in an inspec8 tion program or a grant program established pursu9 ant to section 105 or 106 receive safety training and 

10 are certified for synthetic drug detection; and 

11 (2) require the head of each relevant Federal, 

12 State, local, territorial, or Tribal law enforcement 

13 agency to provide testing equipment, naloxone, and 

14 other protective measures for any canines used in 

15 such an inspection program or grant program. 

16 (b) U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION PRO17 GRAM.—The Commissioner for U.S. Customs and Border 

18 Protection, in coordination with the Administrator of the 

19 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the De20 partment of Agriculture, shall— 

21 (1) ensure that any canines used in an inspec22 tion program or a grant program established pursu23 ant to section 108 receive safety training and are 

24 certified for synthetic drug detection; and 

25 (2) require the head of each relevant Federal, 

26 State, local, territorial, or Tribal law enforcement 


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1 agency to provide testing equipment, naloxone, and 

2 other protective measures for any canines used in 

3 such an inspection program or grant program. 

4 SEC. 111. ANNUAL BRIEFING. 

5 The head of each relevant Federal agency shall annu6 ally brief the appropriate congressional committees re7 garding the status and effectiveness of each program es8 tablished pursuant to this title for which such head is re9 sponsible. 

10 SEC. 112. LIMITATIONS AND PROTECTIONS. 

11 (a) PLAN.—The head of each Federal agency respon12 sible for overseeing or conducting activities authorized 

13 under this title shall— 

14 (1) develop guidelines that— 

15 (A) establish the criteria for initiating an 

16 inspection, search, seizure, or other activity car17 ried out under this title; 

18 (B) describe how such activities should be 

19 carried out; and 

20 (C) specify where such activities may be 

21 conducted; 

22 (2) develop and implement a plan to ensure in23 spections, searches, seizures and other activities car24 ried out under this title— 


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1 (A) are lawful and comply with the Fourth 

2 Amendment to the Constitution of the United 

3 States and other federally protected rights; 

4 (B) do not unduly prolong delays to goods 

5 and persons traveling in interstate commerce; 

6 (C) are not performed with discriminatory 

7 intent or purpose; 

8 (D) are carried out in a standardized man9 ner and in accordance with the guidelines estab10 lished pursuant to paragraph (1); 

11 (E) utilize law enforcement resources effi12 ciently and are not duplicative by considering 

13 and coordinating with— 

14 (i) existing Federal inspection pro15 grams such as the Customs Trade Part16 nership Against Terrorism program of 

17 U.S. Customs and Border Protection and 

18 the Certified Cargo Screening Program of 

19 the Transportation Security Administra20 tion; and 

21 (ii) Federal known shipper and con22 signor programs; and 

23 (F) do not unreasonably interfere with or 

24 compromise other lawful inspections, 

25 screenings, and business operations; and 


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1 (3) conduct outreach and engagement with local 

2 private sector stakeholders, including civil society or3 ganizations, before finalizing such plan. 

4 (b) PUBLICATION.— 

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—The head of each Federal 

6 agency required to develop a plan under subsection 

7 (a) shall publish such plan on a publicly available 

8 website of the agency before initiating an inspection 

9 program under this title. 

10 (2) FORM.—In publishing a plan under para11 graph (1), the head of the relevant Federal agency 

12 shall redact any sensitive law enforcement informa13 tion. 

14 (c) REVIEW.—The Office of the Inspector General of 

15 the Department of Homeland Security shall— 

16 (1) for each plan required under subsection (a), 

17 conduct a review of the plan and submit to the ap18 propriate congressional committees a report, includ19 ing any recommendations for improving the plan, 

20 not later than 1 year after the development of the 

21 plan; and 

22 (2) for each inspection program required under 

23 this title, conduct a review of the inspection program 

24 to review compliance with the corresponding plan 


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1 created under subsection (a) not later than 1 year 

2 after the completion of the inspection program. 

3 (d) NOTIFICATION.—If the head of a Federal agency 

4 responsible for overseeing or conducting activities author5 ized under this title determines that such agency cannot 

6 carry out an activity under this title without violating the 

7 Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United 

8 States, the head of the Federal agency shall notify the 

9 appropriate congressional committees of such determina10 tion as soon as possible. 

11 SEC. 113. REQUIREMENTS FOR INSPECTION PROGRAM PAR12 TICIPATION AND RECEIPT OF GRANT 

13 AWARDS. 

14 (a) ELIGIBILITY.—A State, local government, or In15 dian Tribe, including a State, local, territorial, or Tribal 

16 law enforcement agency, may not participate in an inspec17 tion program or receive a grant award under this title un18 less such participant or grantee demonstrates, to the satis19 faction of the head of the Federal agency responsible for 

20 administering the relevant inspection program or grant 

21 award, a willingness and ability to conduct activities au22 thorized under this title in accordance with— 

23 (1) the relevant guidelines and plan developed 

24 pursuant to section 112; and 


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1 (2) the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution 

2 of the United States. 

3 (b) TERMINATION.—The head of the Federal agency 

4 responsible for administering the relevant inspection pro5 gram or grant award under this title may terminate the 

6 participation of an entity in the inspection program or re7 scind the grant award if the entity fails to comply with 

8 the plan developed pursuant to section 112. 

9 SEC. 114. DURATION. 

10 Each inspection program established pursuant to this 

11 title shall terminate on the date that is 7 years after the 

12 establishment of such inspection program. 

13 SEC. 115. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. 

14 (a) AUTHORITIES.—Nothing in this title may be con15 strued to expand the authorities of any Federal agency 

16 to conduct activities internationally. 

17 (b) PARTICIPATION IN INSPECTION PROGRAM.—The 

18 participation of a State, local government, or Indian 

19 Tribe, including a State, local, territorial, or Tribal law 

20 enforcement agency, in any inspection program authorized 

21 by this title— 

22 (1) shall be voluntary; and 

23 (2) may not be contingent on the enforcement 

24 of Federal laws, other than the laws established by 

25 this Act and any related regulations. 


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1 TITLE II—ADDITIONAL MEAS2 URES TO COMBAT ILLICIT 

3 SYNTHETIC DRUG TRAF4 FICKING ON UNITED STATES 

5 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 

6 SEC. 201. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION. 

7 Section 7135(c) of the James M. Inhofe National De8 fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 

9 117–263; 6 U.S.C. 216 note) is amended to read as fol10 lows: 

11 ‘‘(c) APPLICABILITY TO OTHER COMPONENTS.—The 

12 Administrator of the Transportation Security Administra13 tion shall provide training, personal protective equipment, 

14 and containment devices to officers, agents, other per15 sonnel, and canines of each component of the Transpor16 tation Security Administration that is at risk of potential 

17 illicit synthetic drug exposure in the course of their du18 ties.’’. 

19 SEC. 202. STRATEGY AND PLAN FOR COAST GUARD INTER20 DICTION OF ILLICIT SYNTHETIC DRUGS IN 

21 THE MARITIME ENVIRONMENT. 

22 (a) STRATEGY.—Not later than 1 year after the date 

23 of the enactment of this Act, the Commandant of the 

24 Coast Guard (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Com25 mandant’’) shall develop a strategy for coordinating, 


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1 prioritizing, and providing the necessary resources for 

2 maritime interdictions of illicit synthetic drugs, including 

3 the interdiction of current and potential future maritime 

4 vectors under the jurisdiction of the Coast Guard that are 

5 or may be used for trafficking of illicit synthetic drugs. 

6 (b) ACTION PLAN.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Commandant shall de8 velop an action plan for the implementation of the 

9 strategy developed pursuant to subsection (a) that 

10 identifies and describes the workforce, capital assets, 

11 and other resources necessary to carry out such 

12 strategy. 

13 (2) REPORT.— 

14 (A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 

15 months after the date of the enactment of this 

16 Act, the Commandant shall submit a report on 

17 the action plan developed pursuant to para18 graph (1) to the Committee on Commerce, 

19 Science, and Transportation of the Senate and 

20 the Committee on Transportation and Infra21 structure of the House of Representatives. 

22 (B) FORM.—The report required under 

23 subparagraph (A) shall be submitted in unclas24 sified form, but may include a classified annex. 


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1 SEC. 203. PILOT PROGRAM ON IMPROVING CRIME SCENE 

2 INVESTIGATIONS AND DEATH INVESTIGA3 TIONS INVOLVING ILLICIT SYNTHETIC 

4 DRUGS. 

5 (a) PILOT PROGRAM REQUIRED.—The Secretary of 

6 Commerce, acting through the Director of the National 

7 Institute of Standards and Technology and subject to the 

8 availability of appropriations, shall carry out a pilot pro9 gram to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of imple10 menting emerging technologies and training to improve 

11 State and local government crime scene investigations that 

12 involve illicit synthetic drugs. 

13 (b) DEVELOPMENT OF PROTOCOLS AND TOOLS.— 

14 The pilot program required under subsection (a) may in15 clude the development of protocols and tools— 

16 (1) to prevent accidental exposure to illicit syn17 thetic drugs to crime scene technicians, medical ex18 aminers, and coroners; and 

19 (2) to increase the accessibility of detection 

20 technology and rapid toxicology for screening and 

21 triage for State, local, territorial, and Tribal crime 

22 scene technicians, medical examiners, and coroners. 

23 (c) SENSE OF CONGRESS ON COMPATIBILITY.—It is 

24 the sense of Congress that protocols and tools developed 

25 pursuant to subsection (b) should be compatible with the 

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1 ment and forensic experts and accepted in judicial set2 tings. 

3 SEC. 204. AUTHORIZATION AND EXPANSION OF RAPID 

4 DRUG ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH PROGRAM. 

5 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF PROGRAM.—Subject to the 

6 availability of appropriations, the Director of the National 

7 Institute of Standards and Technology (referred to in this 

8 section as the ‘‘NIST Director’’) may continue to carry 

9 out its Rapid Drug Analysis and Research program (re10 ferred to in this section as the ‘‘RaDAR program’’) that 

11 was in effect on the day before the date of the enactment 

12 of this Act. 

13 (b) EXPANSION OF PROGRAM.— 

14 (1) AUTHORITY.—Subject to the availability of 

15 appropriations, the NIST Director may expand the 

16 RaDAR program, including by increasing the num17 ber of NIST personnel assigned to the program or 

18 increasing the amount expended by the program. 

19 (2) GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS.—Not later than 3 

20 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

21 NIST Director shall ensure that the RaDAR pro22 gram is carried out in coordination with local law 

23 enforcement or public health entities in at least 1 lo24 cation in each of the States of the United States, the 


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1 District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of 

2 Puerto Rico. 

3 (c) LABORATORIES.— 

4 (1) STANDARDS REQUIRED.—In carrying out 

5 the RaDAR program, the NIST Director, in con6 sultation and coordination with private sector and 

7 academic laboratories and publicly funded forensic 

8 science service providers, medical examiners, toxi9 cologists, and coroners, shall establish standards to 

10 enable laboratories to participate in the RaDAR pro11 gram. 

12 (2) ACCREDITATION AUTHORIZED.—The Direc13 tor may coordinate accreditation of competent lab14 oratories as being in compliance with the standards 

15 established pursuant to paragraph (1). 

16 (3) COORDINATION, CONSULTATION, OR COL17 LABORATION REQUIRED.—In carrying out the 

18 RaDAR program, the NIST Director shall coordi19 nate, consult, or collaborate with— 

20 (A) private sector and academic labora21 tories that may be eligible for accreditation 

22 under paragraph (2); and 

23 (B) publicly funded forensic science service 

24 providers, medical examiners, toxicologists, and 

25 coroners. 


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1 (4) CONTRACTS AUTHORIZED.—In carrying out 

2 the program authorized by subsection (a), the NIST 

3 Director may enter into such agreements with lab4 oratories accredited pursuant to paragraph (2) as 

5 the Director considers appropriate. 

6 (d) REPORT TO CONGRESS.— 

7 (1) DEFINED TERM.—In this subsection, the 

8 term ‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ 

9 means— 

10 (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 

11 and Transportation of the Senate; and 

12 (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and 

13 Technology of the House of Representatives. 

14 (2) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months 

15 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

16 NIST Director shall submit a report to the appro17 priate congressional committees that describes— 

18 (A) the actions taken by the NIST Direc19 tor to expand the RaDAR program; and 

20 (B) the NIST Director’s plans for further 

21 expansion of the RaDAR program. 

22 SEC. 205. EMERGING DRUGS PILOT PROGRAM. 

23 The Director of the National Institute of Standards 

24 and Technology shall carry out, in coordination with the 

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1 ease Control, a pilot program to develop a Regional Net2 work of Strategic Emerging Drug Laboratories 

3 (SEDLs)— 

4 (1) to provide real-time information relating to 

5 emerging trends in illicit drug use and drug traf6 ficking to State, local, Federal, Tribal, and terri7 torial governments, medical facilities, law enforce8 ment agencies, and forensic laboratories; 

9 (2) to develop novel validated analytical meth10 ods; and 

11 (3) to publish quarterly and annual trend re12 ports to law enforcement and public health agencies 

13 and research institutes. 

14 SEC. 206. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PILOT PRO15 GRAM TO COMBAT ILLICIT SYNTHETIC 

16 DRUGS. 

17 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF PILOT PROGRAM.—The Di18 rector of the National Science Foundation shall carry out 

19 a pilot program to support and strengthen collaborations 

20 across disciplines and academia, industry, and nonprofit 

21 organizations to stimulate activity and fill gaps in re22 search, innovation, and capacity building in the design, de23 velopment, and deployment of technologies and social 

24 science approaches to combat illicit synthetic drugs. 


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1 (b) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the 

2 date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Na3 tional Science Foundation shall submit a report on the 

4 pilot program carried out pursuant to subsection (a) to— 

5 (1) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

6 Transportation of the Senate; 

7 (2) the Committee on Homeland Security and 

8 Governmental Affairs of the Senate; 

9 (3) the Committee on Finance of the Senate; 

10 (4) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Sen11 ate; 

12 (5) the Committee on Health, Education, 

13 Labor, and Pensions of the Senate; 

14 (6) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of 

15 the House of Representatives; 

16 (7) the Committee on Homeland Security of the 

17 House of Representatives; 

18 (8) the Committee on Financial Services of the 

19 House of Representatives; and 

20 (9) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

21 House of Representatives. 

22 SEC. 207. PUBLIC-PRIVATE TASK FORCE. 

23 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Director of the Office of 

24 National Drug Control Policy (referred to in this section 


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1 as the ‘‘Director’’) shall establish a public-private task 

2 force for the purpose of— 

3 (1) enhancing engagement with private sector; 

4 (2) improving cooperation and information and 

5 data sharing among Federal, State, local and pri6 vate-sector entities; 

7 (3) establishing working groups, each of which 

8 shall consist of not fewer than 5 private sector rep9 resentatives, on— 

10 (A) transportation, including airports and 

11 air cargo, rail and rail cargo, trucking, and 

12 maritime ports and maritime cargo; 

13 (B) shipping, including international and 

14 interstate freight forwarding, mailing, and other 

15 logistics; 

16 (C) technology, including social media and 

17 e-commerce websites; 

18 (D) financial industry, including banking, 

19 payment applications, and money remittance 

20 and transfer companies; and 

21 (E) forensic services, including publicly 

22 funded forensic services, medical examiners, 

23 toxicologists, and coroners; 


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1 (4) preventing the movement of illicit synthetic 

2 drugs in the United States transportation network; 

3 and 

4 (5) reducing the exposure and access of the 

5 people of the United States to illicit synthetic drugs. 

6 (b) MEMBERSHIP.—The public-private task force es7 tablished pursuant to subsection (a) shall be composed of 

8 an appropriate number of representatives from Federal, 

9 State, local, territorial, and Tribal law enforcement and 

10 other agencies, including the Department of Transpor11 tation, the Department of Commerce, the Department of 

12 Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, the De13 partment of the Treasury, the Department of Health and 

14 Human Services, and the United States Postal Service. 

15 (c) COORDINATION.—The Director shall coordinate 

16 with members of the public law enforcement agencies rep17 resented on the task force established pursuant to sub18 section (a), including representatives of the entities listed 

19 under subsection (b), to improve sharing of intelligence 

20 and data relating to the exploitation of the United States 

21 transportation network to transport illicit synthetic drugs. 

22 (d) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date 

23 of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit 

24 a report describing the activities of the task force estab25 lished pursuant to subsection (a) to— 


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1 (1) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

2 Transportation of the Senate; 

3 (2) the Committee on Homeland Security and 

4 Governmental Affairs of the Senate; 

5 (3) the Committee on Finance of the Senate; 

6 (4) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Sen7 ate; 

8 (5) the Committee on Health, Education, 

9 Labor, and Pensions of the Senate; 

10 (6) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 

11 Urban Affairs of the Senate; 

12 (7) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of 

13 the House of Representatives; 

14 (8) the Committee on Homeland Security of the 

15 House of Representatives; 

16 (9) the Committee on Financial Services of the 

17 House of Representatives; 

18 (10) the Committee on Ways and Means of the 

19 House of Representatives; and 

20 (11) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

21 House of Representatives. 

Æ 


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