P.1 

OAR Box 1142 

Prepped by Ollie Stewart 

Document Number: 

5) IV-F-3 

Docket Number: 

A-87-11 

Printed 4/23/2008 10:21:21 AM Sheet 5 of 30 
P.2 

W-F-3 7 

STATEMENT OF CLARENCE M. DITLOW 

DIRECTOR, CENTER FOR AUTO SAFETY 

Before the 

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY*. 

September 26, 1991 

The Center for Auto Safety (CAS) appears here today on its own behalf and on the 

behalf of the Natural Resources Defense Counsel (NRDC). CAS is a national consumer group 

concerned with auto safety and emissions while NRDC is a national environmental group 

concerned with all aspects of the environment. While our comments today will focus on the 

safety issues involved in this proceedings, we want to emphasize at the outset that there are 

significant environmental benefits to going forward with on-board refueling vapor recovery 

(ORVR) systems. Almost 555,000 tons or 11% of motor vehicle hydrocarbon emissions come 

from vapor losses during refueling. And onboard controls would eliminate 95% of that in all 

areas of the nation, not just the nonattainment areas that could implement Stage II. We will 

submit more detailed comments on these arid other issues in our written submissions. 

In March 1988, CAS concluded a six month study that found there was no significant 

safety risk from onboard controls and recommended EPA move forward as soon as possible 

with them. After three years of delay, Congress moved to require EPA to mandate onboard 

controls after consultation with the Department of Transportation (DOT) on safety. Acting on 

DOTs behalf, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) finally produced 

a report in July 1991 that purported to document its concems about the safety of onboard 

controls. There is no new information or data in the NHTSA report that would change CAS' 

opinion that onboard controls are safe and should be mandated. As discussed below, NHTSA's 

report is replete with errors, omissions and faulty assumptions. 

In revising the Qean Air Act in 1990, Congress mandated EPA to go forward with 

onboard controls after consultation with DOT regarding their safety. The only restriction in 

the Act is that "no emission control device, system, or element of design shall be used .. . if 

such device, system, or element of design will cause or contribute to an unreasonable rr'r ro 

public health, welfare, or safety in its operation or function." In its consultation with Z?.\ 
P.3 

NHTSA did not make a finding that onboard controls constituted "an unreasonable risk to 

safety" but merely said "it seems reasonable for EPA to [do so]." 

NHTSA did not find there was an unreasonable safety risk because it could not do so. 

The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act under which NHTSA operates uses very 

similar language for safety standards and recalls. Thus NHTSA can order a safety recall under 

the Act if NHTSA finds "a defect which relates to motor vehicle safety" defined as an 

"unreasonable risk of accidents occurring as a result of the design, construction or performance 

of motor vehicles and . . . unreasonable risk of death or injury to persons in the event 

accidents do occur, and includes nonoperational safety of such vehicles." [§§ 102, 152.] The 

essence of each statute is an unreasonable risk to motor vehicle safety. 

In determining what NHTSA construes as an unreasonable risk to safety in vehicle fires, 

one need only look at instances of vehicle fires where NHTSA refused to order a recall after 

conducting a defect investigation. What better way to quantify what NHTSA considers a 

reasonable risk than to look at those cases where NHTSA has found no safety defect. Here 

are but a few examples of acceptable fire risks: 

1970-77 Ford Maverick. Mercury Comet: In these 1.5 million vehicles, the tank is close 

to the rear of the differential housing and vulnerable to rupture in a crash. The filler neck is 

in the center of the rear and subject to tearing loose. And the tank forms trunk floor on 1970 

models. Despite Ford admitting at least 30 crash fire deaths in a February 1979 letter to 

NHTSA, the agency closed the case without ordering a recall after Ford's presentation that 

there was no unreasonable risk to vehicle safety. Since the Maverick and Comet were at least 

twice as likely to be involved in a crash fire death as other vehicles, NHTSA effectively found 

a 100% increase in vehicle fires to be an acceptable risk. 

1973-87 Chevrolet/GMC full-size pickups ("C/K-series"): In what is perhaps the worst fuel 

tank design in history, GM located the fuel tank(s) below the cab, under right (main tank) and 

left (optional auxiliary tank) doors. The tanks are mounted outboard of frame rails; there is 

no frame member to protect tank from crush in side impact or sideswipe. Evoa thoughthe 

design is so bad that GM frequently settles the cases with confidentiality agreements. In just 

one case that went to trial, attorney James Seymour of San Francisco won a $3 million 
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judgment against GM. rEsparza v. GM.] Despite having this egregious design defect brought 

to its attention, NHTSA failed to even investigate the four million vehicles and thus must have 

concluded its design posed an acceptable safety risk. 

Chrysler 1978-82 Omni-Horizon and K-cars: Despite dozens of accidents including a fatality, 

over 10,000 consumer complaints of stalling and poor driveability due to carburetor isolator 

plate deterioration, NHTSA refused to find a safety defect and closed its investigation. If 

NHTSA cannot find a safety defect in the chronic, widespread stalling of these 2 million cars, 

then cars with onboard systems with far better driveability must pass the safety muster. 

1967-85 Ford subcompact. compact, intermediate, large: Almost 20 million Fords have "slipfit" filler pipe which pulls loose from tank in crash. The Institute for Injury Reduction 

has documented 412 deaths in crash fires from this design. These vehicle have three times the 

fire crash death rate as comparable GM vehicles. Despite the existence of effective design 

remedies known since the early 1970's, NHTSA has failed to act on this fire hazard even 

though at least 5 million are still on the road with more fire deaths occurring each year. 

If NHTSA were to propound a more rigorous standard of vehicle safety in this 

proceeding, then it must use that standard in all vehicle fire and driveability recalls. Given the 

many examples of vehicles with significant fire and driveability hazards that NHTSA has failed 

to recall to date, NHTSA's only standard is a double standard. The agency is willing to see 

specters of safety hazards where they do not exist to try to block onboard controls but fails 

to see the far more serious safety hazards in vehicles that it has failed to recall. 

Being unable to find onboard controls themselves presented an unreasonable risk of 

safety, NHTSA said the lack of safety risks of Stage II vapor recovery at service stations 

justified EPA finding ORVR unreasonably safe. The chief safety feature of Stage II is that 

escaping gasoline vapors are trapped so they cannot ignite in the presence of an ignition 

source. As a result service stations with Stage II have a lower fire incidence than those 

without. Since onboard controls also trap escaping vapors, they have the same safety benefit. 

But because onboard controls apply to the entire nation and extend beyond the nonattainment 

areas where Stage II is mandated, they have a greater benefit. To the extent, NHTSA can rely 

on this factor, it supports onboard over Stage II. 
P.5 

In assessing the safety risk, NHTSA selected data that supported its position and ignored 

data that did not. For example, NHTSA compared the incidence of fires in 1968-70 cars 

without evaporative canisters to 1971-73 models with canisters by examining data from four 

states for just two years for three states and four years for the fourth state. The study 

purported found a 27% increase in crash fire incidence. NHTSA ignored the results of a large 

five state, six-year study that showed a 5.5% reduction in crash fire incidence for 1971-73 cars 

with canisters compared to 1968-70 models without canisters as shown in the following table. 

When asked to produce the report cited in its July 1991 onboard assessment, NHTSA said there 

was only an executive summary and no detailed report had been written. Clearly, the more 

valid study is the one that shows a reduced crash fire incidence after the implementation of 

evaporative canisters. 

Fire rates* In Passenger Car Crashes by State and Vehicle Model Year .** 

Model 

Year 

1968 

1969 

1970 

1971 

1972 

1973 

1968-70 Ave 

1971-73 Ave 

OH 

6.21 

5.31 

5.17 

5.46 

5.60 

5.17 

5.56 

5.41 

MD 

4.95 

6.80 

5.13 

4.78 

4.64 

4.45 

5.62 

4.65 

MI 

2.89 

3.30 

3.38 

3.92 

3.59 

3.34 

3.19 

3.21 

IL 

1.44 

1.35 

1.25 . 

1.30 

0.97 

1.35 

1.34 

1.20 

IN 

1.28 

1.57 

2.19 

1.72 

1.65 

1.30 

1.68 

1.55 

Ave 

3.35 

3.66 

3.42 

3.43 

3.29 

3.14 

3.47 

3.28 

% Change -2.7 -17.2 13.2 -9.7 -7.6 -5.5 

*Fires/1000 Passenger Cars in Accidents 

**1982-87 Data from "Motor Vehicle Fires in Traffic Crashes and the Effects of the Fuel System 

Integrity Standard", November 1990 (DOT Report HS 807 675), Table 2-2 at p. 2-11. 
P.6 

In analyzing fire safety data, NHTSA refused to rely on its vast consumer complaint data 

base which is a primary information source for NHTSA's defect investigations and recall. If the 

consumer complaint data base is reliable enough for safety recalls which can cost 

manufacturers millions in recall costs and subject them to civil penalties, then NHTSA must 

utilize it in its safety assessment. When CAS examined the data base in 1988, it contained 

147,000 complaints since 1977 of which 20,000 were categorized by NHTSA as relating to the 

fuel system. CAS obtained a computer search from NHTSA and read abstracts of all 20,000 

complaints and obtained hard copies of 1,551 reports. Yet only 27 of the 147,000 complaints 

over an 11 year period proved to be on the evaporative emission control system. Any impartial 

observer of these data would conclude that the present evaporative emission control system is 

safe. 

NHTSA presented a listing of 71 recalls that purportedly related to defects in evaporative 

emission control systems to show problems with high underbody temperatures and fuel 

pressures associated with and generated by existing evaporative systems. Upon examination 

of just some of the Part 573 detailed recall reports filed by the manufacturers show that 

NHTSA erred in attributing them to the evaporative system. To show you how far wrong 

NHTSA is, some of the vehicles are classified as heavy duty over 8,500 GVWR which were not 

even required to have evaporative controls until 1985 by EPA. How can a vehicle without 

evaporative emission controls demonstrate a hazard in evaporative controls. 

At least 6 of the 71 recalls cited by NHTSA include heavy duty vehicles built before 

1985 which are not required to have evaporative emission canisters which could feed gasoline 

back into the engine and increase engine operating temperatures. Where these recalls include 

vehicles built before and after 1985, they show, if anything, that the evaporative emission 

control canister is not the cause of the recall; otherwise, the pre-1985 vehicle would not have 

been recalled. In the case of Recall 88V-133 covering 1983-87 Ford ambulances, NHTSA 

attributes the recall to "High exhaust system temperatures resulting from combustion of 

excessive evaporative vapors . . . ." CAS finds it difficult to believe that a vehicle recall can 

be due to combustion of evaporative vapors -where there is no evaporative canister to trap the 

vapors. Contrary to NHTSA's version, Ford attributes the recall to: 
P.7 

As a result of the severe duty cycle experienced in ambulance operations, extreme engine 

operating temperatures and coolant system pressures are likely to occur in the vehicle described 

above. These extreme operating conditions could cause premature deterioration of the engine 

compartment heater hoses or, to a lesser extent, the engine and its exhaust manifold. If this 

should occur, there is a potential for ignition of the coolant mixture due to the extremely high 

engine exhaust manifold temperatures. Factors aggravating the situation include use of incorrect 

radiator caps by some ambulance owners and coolant mixtures containing more than 50% 

ethylene glycol. 

Another example of NHTSA's distortion of the facts to build a false case against onboard 

controls is its citing Recall 83V-108 of 1981-82 Chrysler police and taxi cabs, saying, "A heat 

shield was installed . . . when large quantities of evaporative emissions were burned in the 

exhaust system, the muffler temperatures became excessive scorching rear seat cushions." 

Instead of attributing the recall to burning of evaporative emissions, Chrysler said it involved 

nothing more than a simple mistake of "an inadvertent engineering releasing error that allowed 

the involved vehicles to be assembled without a required muffler to floor pan heat shield." 

In other words, the original design of these cars called for a heat shield as many other vehicles 

do. The passenger in these vehicles would have had hot seats regardless of evaporative 

emissions controls because someone made an inadvertent error. 

NHTSA also attributes a number of recalls to purge of evaporative emissions during high 

idle conditions such as in Recall 87V-040 of 1984-87 Dodge pickups. Not only do the 

manufacturers not reference such a cause but it is exceedingly unlikely because the normal 

purge mode since 1975 for most vehicles is during acceleration, not during idle. The Chrysler 

recall is most illustrative since Chrysler says the damage from catalyst heat to the hydraulic 

line is "due to prolonged cold, high speed idle operation." 

NHTSA continues to harp on the complexity of onboard systems. Even if onboard 

systems were more complex, NHTSA's own contractor ADL concluded that while "increased 

complexity does tend to increase risks, but does not have to increase risk and can in fact 

reduce risk." (Emphasis added.) Until production vehicles are built, no one knows how 

complex they would be. EPA has shown with its Vehicle Based Simple System prototype 

program that simpler systems are at least possible. Even NHTSA was forced to admit that this 

vehicle did not exhibit performance problems in its 600 mile evaluation and could only 

speculate they might occur if temperatures were higher. 
P.8 

NHTSA expressed concern about ignition sources for escaping vapors and set up some 

non-automotive demonstrations. Ironically, NHTSA had trouble igniting vapors with a hot 

plate that was supposed to replicate a hot exhaust manifold and had to switch to modified 

heating coil. The fact is that onboard canisters will be located near the gas tank and away 

from ignition sources. Under these conditions, NHTSA has gone on record that the lack of 

ignition sources precludes a finding of a unreasonable safety risk. When CAS asked NHTSA 

to investigate 1975-81 Camaros and Firebirds for cracking of the junction of the filler neck and 

gas tank, NHTSA refused to open an investigation citing the lack of fires and saying "there are 

no flame initiators (e.g., spark sources) in this area" as a reason. When CAS asked for an 

investigation of 1985 Coachman motorhomes for gasoline leaking onto a hot exhaust pipe, 

NHTSA again refused on the grounds there was no fire risk saying: 

Testing which has been done in the past for the agency has shown that gasoline will not ignite 

when dropped on a hot surface such as a tail pipe. Even when gasoline is mixed with air by 

the carburetor in the ideal ratio for combustion and brought in contact with a very hot interior 

surface of the engine, it will not normally bum until the spark plug provides a source of ignition. 

The only way that the tail pipe could ignite die gasoline would be if sparks or flames came out 

of the end of the pipe. The engine, of course, should not be running during refueling operations. 

NHTSA also objects that it has no final prototype that meets are future emission 

standards to test at this time four years in advance of the effective date of the final regulation. 

The very purpose of that four year leadtime is to enable the auto companies to develop 

prototypes and production that will meet the standards. The history of regulation is that 

industry does not develop finely tuned products that meet standards well in advance of the 

effective date of the standard. If they did, they would be used to justify the standards. It is 

doubtful if many NHTSA standards could have been adopted if the agency had to have fully 

complying prototypes with no safety risks four years in advance of the implementation date of 

the standard. 

Even such acclaimed standards as FMVSS 208 have not been without problems in 

implementation. For example, many of the first generation Chrysler airbags deployments 

resulted in hand and face burns and abrasions because Chrysler chose too low a triggering 

speed for its airbag, placed the vents for hot gases adjacent the hands and failed to use a 

tethered bag. In an early October 1979 airbag field experience conference, Chrysler reported 

118 cases of abrasion and 14 cases of bums. Yet under NHTSA's watchful eye, Chrysler went 
P.9 

ahead with its airbag program and modified subsequent models to eliminate the problems 

encountered in its early models. 

When catalysts were first placed on cars, NHTSA had concerns about safety and set up 

a docket to monitor the implementation of the catalyst. EPA had contingency plans to place 

dump valves in the exhaust system should catalyst overheating become a hazard. Catalysts did 

not overheat in any significant numbers and the implementation went smoothly. Today, both 

the catalyst and airbag are major technological accomplishments. No one questions their 

demonstrated record of safe performance. 

Onboard controls should proceed the same way. EPA should issue the final rule and 

closely monitor the implementation of the standard in conjunction with NHTSA which should 

set up a monitoring docket just as it did with catalyst. Like airbags, onboard refueling vapor 

recovery systems are too good a technology to kill. We should move out of controversy into 

implementation. 

8 
P.10 

e 

US. Department 

of Transportation 

National Highway 

Traffic Safety 

Administration 

400 Seventh Street. S.W. 

Washington. D.C. 20590 

NOV 2 7 !9^ 

Mr. Russell J. Shew 

Vehicle Safety Staff 

Center for Auto Safety 

2001 S Street, N.W., Suite 410 

Washington, DC 20009 

Dear Mr. Shew: 

This is in response to your petition dated June 13, 1985, in which you 

requested this agency to conduct a defect investigation into cracking of 

the junction of the fuel filler neck with the fuel tank on 1975 through 

1981 model year Chevrolet Camaros and Pontiac Firebirds (F-cars). The 

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has conducted a 

technical review of this matter. This petition and its file, designated 

P85-25, are available to the public through NHTSA's Technical Reference 

Division. 

A careful review has been made of all items in our computerized consumer 

complaint file and of information provided by General Motors concerning 

fuel leakage or fuel-fed fires and fires following rear end collisions in 

the subject vehicles. 

There have been 25 complaints received covering clearly identified cracked 

fuel filler necks among the population of over two million of the subject 

vehicles sold; none of these complaints reported either a rear end 

collision or a resulting fire. Analysis of the information provided by 

the owners indicated that the odor of raw gasoline alerted them to the 

need for service attention. 

Two factors may contribute to the absence of reports of fire in the 

vicinity of the fuel tank. First, there are no flame initiators (e.g. 

spark sources) in this area; second, any leakage occurs in an unconfined 

air space resulting in an air-fuel ratio much too lean for ready ignition. 

In consideration of all available information, it does not appear to be a 

reasonable possibility that an order concerning the notification, 

correction and remedy of a defect in 1975 through 1981 Camaro and Firebird 

vehicles would be issued at the conclusion of an investigation. 

Therefore, your petition is denied. 

Sincerely, 

Georeje L. Parker 

Associate Administrator 

for Enforcement 

SAFETY BELTS SAVE LIVES 
P.11 

e 

US Department 

of Transportation 

National Highway 

Traffic Safety 

Administration 

400 Seventh Street. S.W. 

Washington. D.C. 20590 

AUG 2 0 1985 

Mr. Clarence M. Ditlow II I 

Executive Di rector 

Center for Auto Safety 

2001 S Street, N.W., Suite 410 

Washington, DC 20009 

Dear Mr. Ditlow: 

NEF-lllMc 

This i s i n response to your lette r of July 9, 1985, concerning a potential 

fir e hazard on 1985 Coachman mini-motor homes. 

Testing which has been done in the past for the agency has shown that 

gasoline wil l not ignit e when dropped on a hot surface such as a tai l 

pipe. Even when gasoline i s mixed with air by the carburetor i n the ideal 

ratio for combustion and brought in contact with a ^/ery hot interio r 

surface of the engine, i t wil l not normally burn unti l the spark plug 

provides a source of ignition . The only way that the tai l pipe could 

ignit e the gasoline would be i f sparks or flames came out of the end of 

the pipe. The engine, of course, should not be running during fueling 

operations. 

Several hundred thousand vehicles produced by Chrysler, Ford, and 

General Motors over a period of many years have been buil t with the 

gasoline fille r location above the exhaust pipe. As expected however, a 

review of the Office of Defects Investigation file s failed to identif y 

any vehicles in the motor home or van classification which experienced a 

fir e caused by gasoline dropping onto the exhaust pipe. 

Based on the above, we have determined that the alleged complaint i s 

not safety-related. No further action i s planned at thi s time. 

Sincerely, 

VLA^^ . 

Philip W. Davis 

Di rector 

Office of Defects Investigation 

Enforcement 

SAFETY BELTS SAVE LIVES 
P.12 

15. Fuel Tank Vapor Vent Valves for Damage Caused During Vehicle Manufacture or by Contact with Body 

Components 

The fuel tank vapor vent valves must be correctly positioned in the grommet at the fuel tank openings as 

shown in Figure 10. The valves must not contact other components and be free of damage. Note any 

discrepancies on the inspection sheet and provide repair directions. 

NOTE: New valves are installed in Service Kit E3TZ-9000-A or E5UZ-9000-A. 

VAPOR VENT VALVE 

GROMMET 

FUEL TANK VAPOR VENT VALVE 

PRESSURE RELIEF 

VENT HOSE 

\ 

VAPOR VENT HOSE 

VAPOR VENT VALVE 

PRODUCTION VENT VALVE SERVICE KIT VENT VALVE 

VAPOR VENT 

HOSE 

GROMMET 

FIGURE 10 

0K NOT 16. Fuel Tank(s) Vapor Vent Lines 

• s E-350 vehicles without carbon canisters (1983-85 49-State Emission) — Tanks are vented to the 

atmosphere through the fuel tank vapor vent valves and hoses to breather caps clipped to the tank flanges as 

shown in Figure 11. 

— Check the hoses for restrictions and freedom from kinks or pinches. 

— Check the breather cap at the end of the hose to be sure it is open and clear of dirt, etc. 

E-350 vehicles with carbon canisters (1985-1 / 2 through 1987 49-State and 1983-87 California Emission ) 

— Tanks are vented to canisters through the fuel tank vapor vent valves and hoses as shown in Figure 12. 

— Check the hoses and tubes to be sure they are correctly routed and clipped without kinks or pinches 

throughout their entire length from fuel tanks to canisters as shown in Figure 12. 

— Check and confirm that there is at least 1/2 inch clearance between the top of the vent line and the 

bottom of the floor (7/8 inch total minimum distance between the vehicle frame and any added floor 

structures including floor sills, braces, and floor) especially in the areas where these vent lines are 

routed above the Ford mid-ship fuel tank crossmember and the rear fuel tank frame crossmember on 

cutaway models as shown in Figure 12. At least 1 / 2 inch clearance is required to allow for deflections 

which can occur during vehicle operation. In areas that are obstructed from view, use your fingers and 

wiggle the tubes to confirm at least 1/2 inch vertical movement is possible. 

Indicate the need for corrections on the inspection sheet. Contact the FPSD District Office if you have any 

questions concerning needed corrections. 

FUEL TANK VENT VALVE FUEL TANK 

VENT VALVE^_ -

AFT AXLE (REAR) TANK 

VENT CAP 

SHIP TANK 

^ ^W\ 

h CLIP 

'" VENT CAP 

VENT HOSE VENT HOSE 

VENT CAP 

CLIP 

, CLIP 

VENT CAP ? 

PRE-1985-1/2 ECONOLINE FUEL VENTING SYSTEM - 49 STATE VEHICLES OVER 8500 GVWR 

FIGURE 11 

Page 11 
P.13 

j f S~ 

Robert H. Munaon 

Director 

Automotive Safety Office 

Environmental and Safety 

Engineering Staff 

RECEIVED 

IG33 AUG - 9 A-ilO. | 0 

r.Ct KtiLiSlKVUIiiiAsii.K 

Ford Motor Company 

The American Road 

Dearborn. Michigan 48121 

August 5, 1988 

Associate Administrator 

for Enforcement 

National Highway Traffic 

Safety Administration 

4 00 Seventh Street, S.W. 

Washington, D.C. 20590 

Ford Motor Company is submitting information 

relating to a safety recall we are initiating that 

involves ambulance vehicles manufactured from certain 

Ford cutaway chassis and vans. As was the case vith our 

letter of July 16, 1987 to the Honorable Diane K. Steed 

concerning the prior ambulance recall (87M53), Ford 

submits that this program is voluntary and is not 

compelled by the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle 

Safety Act, and establishes no precedent for future 

recalls involving vehicles produced by multistage 

manufacture or conversion. Specific information is 

provided as follows in the format of Part 573, Title 

of the Code of Federal Regulations - Defect and 

Noncompliance Reports. 

573.5 fc) (2) 

49 

All ambulances manufactured from 1983 through 1987 

E-250 and 350 Econoline cutaway chassis and vans 

equipped with 7.5-liter engines and 1985-1/2 (produced 

after February 1, 1985) through 1987 cutaway chassis 

and vans eguipped vith 5.8-liter 4V engines and having 

gross vehicle weight ratings over 8,500 pounds. 

573.5 (c) (2) 

Approximately 14,975 units. 
P.14 

Y 

t. 

iii 

Associate Administrator 

for Enforcement 

573.5 fc) (4) 

Unknown. 

- 2 - August 5, 1988 

B0V-133(O2) 

573.5 fc) f5) 

As a result of the severe duty cycle experienced in 

ambulance operations, extreme engine operating 

temperatures and coolant system pressures are likely to 

occur in the vehicles described above. These extreme 

operating conditions could cause premature 

deterioration of the engine compartment heater hoses 

or, to a lesser extent, the engine by-pass hoses, and 

discharge of coolant onto the engine and its exhaust 

manifold. If this should occur, there is a potential 

for ignition of the coolant mixture due to the 

extremely high engine exhaust manifold temperatures. 

Factors aggravating the situation include use of 

incorrect radiator caps by some ambulance owners and 

coolant mixtures containing more than 50% ethylene 

glycol. 

As was the case in recall 87M53, this program goes 

beyond a safety recall. It includes replacement of all 

radiator caps—regardless of their manufacture—because 

our field inspection disclosed that many fleets were 

using caps with incorrect pressure venting levels. It 

also includes the installation of high heat resistance, 

aluminized stainless steel mufflers on those ambulances 

equipped with 1985-1/2 - 1987 7.5L, dual thermactor air 

pump-equipped engines that did not have such mufflers 

installed in connection with recall 87M53. As NHTSA 

was informed last year, a temporary shortage of 

aluminized stainless steel mufflers required the use of 

substitute mufflers on ambulances that were found in 

need of muffler replacement at that time. 

573.5 fc) (6) 

As a result of field reports, an investigation was 

initiated in April, 1988 to determine the cause of 

certain engine compartment fires on the affected 

ambulance vehicles. Inspection of emergency medical 

service vehicles and interviews with witnesses 

indicated that some of these fires coincided with loss 

of engine coolant due to ruptured heater hoses in the 

engine compartment. Subsequent laboratory testing 

established that accelerated deterioration of heater 

hoses resulted from excessive heat levels associated 

with ambulance duty cycles, and led to the findings 

described above. 
P.15 

Associate Administrator 

for Enforcement - 3 - August 5, 1988 

B0V-133(£3) 

We are aware of 21 reports pt engine compartment fires 

due to rupture of engine compartment heater hoses. 

Since implementation of the ambulance recall in 1987, 

Ford knows of six underbody fires that it believes are 

attributable to operating ambulances without replacing 

ruptured mufflers. 

573.5 fc) f8) f9) 

On August 4, 1988 the attached message was sent to all 

Ford and Lincoln-Mercury dealers by mailgram advising 

them of the forthcoming field action. Owners of record 

will be notified to return vehicles to dealers for 

installation of silicone/nomex heater and engine 

by-pass hoses, new radiator caps and, on 1985-1/2 

through 1987 vehicles with 7.5 liter engines with dual 

thermactor air pumps that have not had the muffler 

replaced with a Ford high temperature muffler in the 

87M53 recall, a new aluminized stainless steel muffler. 

A public statement concerning the subject of the 

recall was made on August 4. Copies of dealer and owner 

notification letters will be forwarded. 

Very truly yours, 

'mWU 

R. H. Munson 

>• * 
P.16 

W. R. KITTLE 

DIRECTOR 

VEHICLE i»F"Y iNO HMISSICNS. 

OUALITY S PRODUCTIVITY OFFICE 

CHRYSLER 

CORPORATION 

March 23, 1987 

87V-040(01) 

Mr. Philip W. Davis, Director 

Office of Defects Investigation, Enforcement 

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration <-' 

U. S. Department of Transportation 

400 Seventh Street, S.W. 

Washington, D.C. 20590 

Dear Mr. Davis: 

In accordance with the provisions of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle 

Safety Act of 1966 and 49 CFR Part 573, Defect and Noncompliance Reports, 

Chrysler Corporation herewith furnishes the Defect Information Report 

which contains details of a recall regarding a potential safety related 

deficiency in some 1987 model year Dodge pickup trucks. The potential for 

hydraulic clutch system component heat damage and the resulting leakage of 

fluid exists on the involvea vehicles. An additional small number of prior 

model year trucks are also affected due to having the hydraulic clutch system 

installed on a retrofit basis. 

Enclosed are representative copies of communications that have already been 

mailed. Owner and advance dealer notifications were expedited, prior to 

parts availability, to inform them of the operating circumstance that can 

cause excessive heat input to the hydraulic clutch system. 

Final dealer notification letters will be distributed in the near future and 

representative copies will be provided at that time. 

Sincerely, 

^Willia ^Willia mm R R.. Kittl Kittlee C/ / 

WRK/dc 

Enclosures: Defect Information Report #251T 

Owner and Advance Dealer Notification Letters #251T 

P. O. BOX I9'9. OETBOIT, MICHIGAN 48288 
P.17 

& CHRYSLER 

V T MOTORS 

Chrysler Motors Corporation 

87V-040(02) 

DEFECT INFORMATION REPORT 

251T 

Submission date: March 23, 1987 

Identifying classification of vehicles potentially affected: 

Make 

Dodge 

Model 

D100, D150, 

D250and 

W100,W150 

Pickup Trucks 

Model 

Year 

1987 

Inclusive Dates 

of Manufacture Volume Other Description 

Late July, 1986 4,500 

through (Est.) 

Mid-February, 1987 

Vehicles equipped 

with 6-cylinder engine 

and manual transmission 

Estimated percentage containing defect: 100%. 

Description of defect: 

Plastic hydraulic clutch system components on the involved vehicles may experience 

exhaust system heat damage due to prolonged (over five minutes) cold, high speed idle 

operation. This can result in hydraulic fluid leakage and the potential for a minor fire 

from discharged fluid contacting the hot exhaust system. 

Events which were the basis for determining existence of defect: 

Investigation of hydraulic clutch system heat damage and fluid leakage field reports 

revealed melting of the clutch system slave cylinder and the tubing routed to the 

cylinder. Subsequent evaluation determined that heat generated by the front catalytic 

converter could cause damage ofthe components during prolonged^ high speed engine 

idle operation. Therefore, it was determined that field action was required to correct 

the condition. In addition to the 1987 model year production vehicles, the total 

involved vehicle population defined for correction includes a small number (less than 

100) of the same 1$84, 1985 and 1986 model year trucks that had a hydraulic clutch 

system installed on a dealer retrofit basis per a Technical Service Bulletin (Bulletin No. 

06-03-86). 

Statement of measures to be taken to correct defect: 

All affected vehicles will have protective heat shields installed between the exhaust 

system and the affected clutch system components. 
P.18 

B3V^C6© 

w. a. KITTLE 

DIRECTOR 

VEHICLE SAFETY ANO EMISSIONS. 

OUALITY 1 PRODUCTIVITY OFFICE 

CHRYSLER 

CORPORATION 

C"3 

—a. 

<_iJ 

ro 

October 17, 1983 (-•• • 

^ a? 

3T r 3 

3X> m 

o 

m 

m 

Mr. George L. Parker, Director 

Office of Defects Investigation Enforcement 

U. S. Department of Transportation 

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 

400 Seventh Ave. S. W. 

Washington, D. C. 20590 

Dear Mr. Parker: 

In accordance with the provisions of the National Traffic and Motor 

• Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 and 49 CFR Part 573, Defect and 

Noncompliance Reports, Chrysler Corporation herewith furnishes the 

Defect Information Report which contains details of a recall regarding a 

potential safety related deficiency in 1982 Model Year Plymouth Gran 

Fury and Dodge Diplomat Police and Taxi fleet passenger cars. The 

potential for excessive floor temperature in the rear seat area exists on 

the involved vehicles. 

This recall will be launched in the near future. At the time of the 

launch, representative copies of communications to dealers and 

customers will be provided. 

Very truly yours, 

W. R. Kitf 

WRK/dc 

Enclosures: Defec t Information Report //344 
P.19 

w CHRYSLER 

CORPORATION 

DEFECT INFORMATION REPORT 

#344 

Submission Date: October 17, 1983 

IDENTIFYING CLASSIFICATION OF VEHICLES POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 

Make 

Model Inclusive Dates 

Model Year of Manufacture Volume Other Description 

Plymouth Gran Fury 

Dodge Diplomat 

1982 August, 1981 2400 

through (Est.) 

July, 1982 

Vehicles equipped 

with 6-cylinder 

engine and fleet 

package. 

ESTIMATED PERCENTAGE CONTAINING DEFECT: 100% 

DESCRIPTION OF DEFECT: 

High floor temperature in the rear seat area may be experienced on the subject 

vehicles due to excessive exhaust system heat input to the vehicle floor pan. 

EVENTS WHICH WERE THE BASIS FOR DETERMINING EXISTENCE OF DEFECT: 

Chrysler's investigation of a NHTSA ODI phone input revealed that four fleet 

.operations were reporting excessive.rear seat floor temperature, burning odor and/or 

scorching:of the.seatrxush.ioni" -It-wats" determined that the condition .existed as a 

result of an inadvertent engineering releasing error that-allowed, the involved vehicles 

to be assembled without a required muffler to floor pah heat shield. Therefore,* it 

was decided that field corrective action was required to eliminate any potential for 

rear seat cushion fires. . 

STATEMENT OF MEASURES TO BE TAKEN TO CORRECT DEFECT: 

Exhaust system muffler to floor pan heat shields will be installed on all involved 

vehicles. 

P. 0. 80X 1919. DETROIT, MICHIGAN 48288 J 
P.20 

0-7%i 
P.21 

CENTER FOR AUTO SAFETY STUDY & COMMENTS ON 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY RULEMAKINGS ON 

GASOLINE AND ALCOHOL BLEND VOLATILITY 

AND 

REFUELING EMISSIONS FROM GASOLINE VEHICLES 

Washington DC 

March 24, 1988 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

I. INTRODUCTION 1 

A. SAFETY 1 

B. ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT OF FUEL SPURTING 

AND OVERPRESSURIZATION 2 

C. ALCOHOL FUELS 2 

II. SAFETY 4 

A. SAFETY RECALLS 6 

C. SAFETY COMPLAINTS 12 

1. Fires 12 

2. Fuel Volatility, Stalling and Degradation .. . 15 

a. Fuel Spurting 21 

b. Fuel Overpressurization 23 

c. Vapor Lock and Fuel Foaming 25 

d. Degradation of Fuel System Components .. . 26 

III. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FUEL SPURTING 

AND OVERPRESSURIZATION 28 

IV. ALCOHOL FUELS 30 

A. SAFETY HAZARDS 31 

B. STRINGENT ENFORCEMENT OF VOLATILITY STANDARDS .. . 34 

V. NO FEDERAL PRE-EMPTION OF STATE VOLATILITY STANDARDS . 37 

APPENDIX A — Vehicle Recall Analysis 

APPENDIX B — NHTSA Defect Complaint Fault Codes 

APPENDIX C — NHTSA Component System Classifications 

APPENDIX D — NHTSA Evaporative Emission System Complaints 

APPENDIX E — CAS Analysis of Fuel Safety Complaints 

APPENDIX F — Fire Incidence Versus RVP Standard 

APPENDIX G — Guide to Chrysler Vapor Lock Kits 

APPENDIX H — General Motors Vapor Lock & Volatility Memoranda 
P.23 

SUMMARY AND FINDINGS 

When the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed 

gasoline volatility standards and vehicle onboard control systems 

to reduce evaporative hydrocarbon emissions during refueling, 

major concern was raised about whether the proposed evaporative 

control systems would cause more vehicle fires and explosions. 

To help resolve this issue, the Center for Auto Safety undertook 

a six month study of all 4,276 safety recalls of 13 0.8 million 

vehicle since 1966 and all 146,000 vehicle safety reports since 

1977 in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's 

computer data base to determine the relation between vehicle 

fires, gasoline volatility and evaporative emission control 

systems which have been on vehicles since 1971. The Center's 

study found: 

Recalls 

* Evaporative systems generated only two post-crash fire 

recalls of 11,911 out of 130,800,000 vehicles (0.01%) in 18 

years. Neither of these recalls was linked with any fires, 

deaths or injuries. 

* High gasoline volatility and excess fuel system pressure 

caused 12 recalls of 564,071 vehicles that were linked to 71 

fires, 25 injuries and 2 deaths. These recalls occurred since 

1979 as gasoline volatility levels increased. 

Safety Complaints 

* Of the 146,000 safety complaints since 1977, 20,000 are on 

fuel systems but only 27 (0.1%) of the fuel system complaints are 

on evaporative emission control systems. 

* There were 1,501 fires in the 20,000 fuel system complaints, 

but only 6 involved an evaporative system. 

* The 20,000 fuel system complaints included 1,551 reports of 

fuel spurting, fuel pressurization, vapor lock and fuel foaming 

associated with higher gasoline volatility. The vast majority 

(84%) occurred during the summer. 

* For 1978-80, NHTSA received less than 10 gasoline volatility 

related complaints per year; thereafter, complaints rose steadily 

as volatility rose with over 100 complaints/year for 3 983 on. 

* States with lower ASTM volatility standards had fewer fuel 

safety complaints. The 26 states with an ASTM summer volatility 

standard of no higher than 10.0 psi RVP for at least one month 

had 48% of the total vehicle fleet but only 34% of the fuel 

safety reports. The other 24 states with ASTM levels higher than 

10.0 psi during the summer were 80% more likely to have fuel 

safety complaints. 
P.24 

* Of the 1,501 fires in the data base, 68 directly relate 

fuel safety problems. Only 2 of the 68 fires occurred when 

ASTM standard was 9.0 psi RVP. 

* Gasoline leaks from fuel spurting and fuel c 

pressurization average over 2 gallons per incident and incr 

total gasoline evaporative emissions by 10-20%. 

* Fuel safety reports and fires were 50% more likely to c 

in states with high gasohol (10% ethanol-90% gasoline ble 

sales unless the state required gasohol to meet a volati 

standards no higher than 10.5 psi RVP. 

* High volatility gasohol states with just 32% of the nati 

vehicle fleet have 50% of the fuel safety complaints and 56 

the fuel safety fires. 

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

The Environmental Protection Agency should move ahea< 

soon as possible with both gasoline volatility and ont 

systems to control refueling emissions. The potential crash 

risk from onboard systems is small. The improved onboard sys 

under EPA's proposed evaporative control rule are only margir. 

more complex than present onboard systems. Any increased c 

safety risk from onboard systems would be a marginal increas 

an already minimal safety risk and could easily be handle 

improved technology. 

Unlike onboard control systems which present minimal r 

increasing gasoline volatility poses a clear and present da 

of vehicle fires. As gasoline volatility has increased, 

incidence of gasoline spurting and leaking from overpressur 

tanks has increased dramatically as has vehicle fires. St 

such as Colorado with high sales of alcohol blends with 

higher volatility levels than gasoline are even more likel 

have fuel safety incidents and fires. Only those states w 

have enforced more stringent volatility standards for 

gasoline and alcohol blends have avoided the worst of this 

hazard. The Agency should move ahead to impose a national 

psi RVP standard with no exemption for alcohol blends. 

n 
I. INTRODUCTION 

The Center for Auto Safety is a consumer group concerned with 

auto safety, fuel quality and auto emissions. These comments focus 

on the safety issues involved in both proceedings, the environmental 

impact of fuel spurting and overpressurization, and the inadequacy 

of EPA's proposed regulation of alcohol fuels. 

A. SAFETY 

While a great deal of attention has focused on the safety of 

requiring onboard controls to control refueling emissions, the far 

greater and more real safety risk is the high volatility of present 

fuels, particularly ethanol blends. Evaporative emission controls 

including charcoal canisters and vent lines have been on cars since 

1971 so that there is a large data base of both recalls and reports 

of fires to assess their impact. As shown below, evaporative 

emission controls have not resulted in any significant incidence in 

vehicle fires or recalls. In sharp contrast, excess fuel volatility 

has led to many documented burn deaths and injuries as well as 

recalls. 

As fuel volatility and ethanol blend use have increased in 

recent years, the reported incidence of fuel spurting from overpressurized gas tanks and stalling due to vapor lock have increased 

significantly. Only in those few states which have more stringent 

volatility standards has the incidence of such fuel volatility 

problems been diminished. By increasing the capacity of the onboard system to capture refueling losses as well as imposing tighter 

fuel volatility controls, EPA will find that there is a major safety 
P.26 

benefit as well as an environmental benefit from going ahea 

both onboard and fuel volatility controls. 

B. ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT OF FUEL SPURTING AND OVERPRESSURE 

The Center's analysis of all 20,000 fuel systems com; 

reported to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administ 

(NHTSA) since 1977 shows major adverse impacts on hydrocarbc 

emissions that EPA has not considered to date in this rulems 

(1) the massive release of hydrocarbons from widely occurin 

spurting and pressurized leak incidents, and (2) tampering wit 

system components to compensate for adverse performance pi 

associated with high fuel volatility and fuel system pressure 

average release of gasoline in a fuel spurting incident or lea 

an overpressurized fuel tank is over 5100 grams or the equival 

the evaporative emissions from 300 vehicles at present 1988 

levels or more than 600 vehicles when the proposed volatili 

evaporative emission controls take effect. In an effort to i 

performance of vehicles with excessive fuel pressure, many con 

are drilling out, removing or loosening the gas cap, ot 

disabling the charcoal canister; all of which lead to increa. 

emissions. 

C. ALCOHOL FUELS 

With their higher volatility, alcohol blends have worse 

and emission problems than straight gasoline. Analysis of 

fuel system complaints show that states with more than 7% g 

penetration (the national average) have 50% more fuel 

complaints than states with less than 7% gasohol sales. I 
P.27 

these states have just 37% of the vehicle population but 52% of the 

fuel safety reports. Recalls, NHTSA investigations, and 

manufacturer bulletins and internal documents all show alcohol fuels 

as one of the primary causes of vapor lock, fuel spurting and 

overpressurization, and fuel system component degradation. Of all 

the states with high gasohol sales, those few which enforce the same 

summer RVP standards no higher than 10.5 psi for both gasoline and 

gasohol have reduced fuel safety complaints. The remaining gasohol 

states with just 32% of the vehicle population have 50% of the fuel 

safety complaints and 56% of the vehicle fuel volatility fires. 

Higher volatility standards for alcohol fuels are worsened by 

weakened enforcement levels. Without stringent enforcement, alcohol 

blends are likely to exceed any tolerance, 0.5 to 1.0 psi, set by 

EPA. The proposed EPA paper certification where a gasohol blender 

can demonstrate compliance by showing a document indicating the base 

gasoline met RVP standards is fraught with problems. EPA's own 

experience with the lead trading and credits program clearly 

demonstrates that widespread violation of regulations would occur. 

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has estimated that up to a 

billion dollars per year in highway taxes are evaded through a 

"daisy chain" of paper transactions within the gasoline industry. 

The available evidence does not demonstrate a volatility 

exemption is necessary for the marketing of ethanol fuel. At least 

seven states have regulations requiring ethanol blends to meet the 

same volatility standards as gasoline. Yet significant quantities 

of gasohol are sold in those states indicating sufficient quantities 
P.28 

of sub-RVP gasoline are available for blending with ethanol. Given 

the increased VOC emissions from the use of alcohol blends as well 

as the demonstrated safety hazards of higher volatility fuels, EPA 

should require all alcohol blends to meet the same volatility 

standards as other gasolines. This is particularly true of methanol 

blends which are now required to meet ASTM volatility limits and 

which have been successfully marketed in the past while meeting 

these limits. 

Whatever action EPA takes in this rulemaking, the agency should 

make it clear states are free to mandate stricter gasoline 

volatility standards to protect vehicle driveability and safety. 

The purpose behind ASTM . volatility standards and state adoption 

thereof is not emission control but public safety and consumer 

protection. If EPA were to exempt alcohol blends from volatility 

standards, clearly a hot weather or high altitude state could set 

volatility standards for alcohol blends to prevent vapor lock and 

fuel spurting. Whatever else safety means in this proceeding, it 

means states are free to protect consumers from vehicle safety and 

driveability problems. 

II. SAFETY 

Throughout EPA's rulemaking process, much attention has been 

focused on the safety of requiring onboard systems to control 

refueling emissions. At the October 27, 1987 public hearing on this 

notice, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety stated "about 

1,200 fatal passenger vehicle crashes — plus about 16,000 nonfatal 

ones — already involve fire every year. More than 1,500 occupants 
P.29 

sustain at least one burn injury each year." The National Highway 

Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has told EPA that "there will 

be some unquantifiable, increased risks of crash and non-crash fire 

associated with onboard controls." Despite these concerns, little 

effort has been made thus far to quantify the increased risk that 

has been supposed and to separate out the fires from evaporative 

emission systems from other fires which compromise the vast majority 

of vehicle fires. 

The Center for Auto Safety (CAS) would be the first to agree 

that any significant increase in the risk of fire and burn injuries 

caused by onboard controls is unjustified. Since 1970, CAS has been 

an outspoken advocate of safer vehicles and critic of designs that 

compromise safety. Over the years, CAS has urged adoption of tough 

federal safety standards to reduce the risk of burn related injuries 

and submitted comments on NHTSA rulemaking actions establishing 

important standards such as Federal Motor Vehicle safety Standard 

(FMVSS) 301, concerning post-crash fuel system integrity. CAS has 

also played a leading role in securing the recall of vehicles with 

defects which cause fires such as the 1971-76 Ford Pinto with 

exploding gas tanks, the 1984 Pontiac Fiero with engine compartment 

fires, and the 1983-86 Ford ambulances and vans that spurt fuel. 

FMVSS 301 has reduced the risk of post-crash fires in vehicles 

made since its September 1, 1976, effective date and will continue 

to assure an adequate level of safety after onboard controls are 

required. In a March 27, 1986, letter to Congressman John Dingell, 

NHTSA Administrator Diane Steed pointed out that FMVSS 301 is: 
P.30 

a performance standard, and assuming current crash 

test compliance can be met by the particular onboard 

system a manufacturer may choose, may simply mean that 

the costs and benefits of the vapor controls can be 

assumed at a constant level of crash safety. 

Apart from the overall level of safety provided by FMVSS 

June 11, 1987, letter from NHTSA to EPA noted that "the N 

Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act requires manufacturers 

responsible for the recall and remedy of any of their vehicle, 

to contain any safety-related defect, including any defe 

related to aspects of performance covered by our safety stan 

This recall authority enables NHTSA to obtain a level of fire 

above that required by FMVSS 301. 

In determining whether the proposed onboard controls p< 

significant safety problem, CAS used the two largest availab.' 

bases to quantify the risk associated with the potential fuel 

hazards identified in this rulemaking. These data bases are 

safety recalls since 1966 and (2) all safety complaints since 

Each of these data bases is quite large so that valid cone: 

can be drawn therefrom. Review of these data bases is an ef. 

method of quantifying the risk associated with onboard contrc 

fuel volatility since the proposed emission controls are 

similar to those used on vehicles since 1971. 

A. SAFETY RECALLS 

Since 1966 thru February 1988, motor vehicle manufacture] 

recalled 130.8 million vehicles in 4,276 recalls. CAS analyze 

one of these recalls and identified 291 recalls manufacturei 

conducted for gasoline fuel system problems on vehicles sub; 
P.31 

EPA's proposed onboard rule. (A comprehensive list and analysis is 

contained in Appendix A.) In reviewing the condition prompting each 

recall, CAS identified 10 distinct categories of safety-related 

problems that led to the 291 recalls for fuel system defects. The 

number and percent of total recalls associated with each category is 

shown in Table 1 below and in the graphs on the following page. 

TABLE 1 — NHTSA FUEL SYSTEM RECALLS 

CATEGORY NUMBER PERCENT 

1. Fuel tank ruptures; 

all FMVSS 301 failures 

2. Fuel leaks from chemically 

caused component degradation 

3. Fuel leaks from mechanically 

caused component failures 

4. Fuel system pressurization, 

fuel spurting 

44 

27 

46 

12 

15 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

Evaporative emission system 

failures 

Miscellaneous 

Stalling 

Manufacturing problems 

Structural failures 

Fuel lines loosen or 

disconnect 

21 

14 

13 

63 

25 

26 

16 

5 

4 

22 

9 

9 

TOTAL 291 100 
MOTOR VEHICLE RECALLS SINCE 1966 

All Recalls 

(4,276) 

Puel System Recalls 

(291) 

Fuel System 

Fuel Leaks (Chemical) 

9% 

Fuel Pressure 

4% 

Miscellaneous 

5% Stalling 

4% 

Evaporative 

7% 
P.33 

Analysis of these recalls shows that many different fuel system 

conditions can cause fires and prompt safety recalls. These 

conditions range from gasoline leaks caused by carpet fasteners 

penetrating the fuel tank during manufacture, to misrouted fuel 

lines, to defective fuel filler caps, and tanks that rupture in 

crashes. The largest single category of fuel safety recalls with 

22% is errors in manufacturing and installation such as misrouting 

the fuel line, puncturing the fuel tank, and omitting components. 

Indeed, carpet tacks, screws and drill holes alone accounted for 10 

of the 291 recalls. 

The recall category which received the most emphasis in this 

rulemaking is fuel system failures which are associated with burn 

injuries in post-crash fires. Post-crash fires are particularly 

dangerous because occupants trapped in wreckage from a collision may 

be unable to extricate themselves in time to avoid burn injuries. 

Further, post-crash fires and FMVSS 301 failures are more likely to 

involve fuel tank ruptures causing explosions and rapidly spreading 

fires. Because of the danger of post-crash fires, the likelihood of 

evaporative systems to cause them is given particular attention. 

Review of manufacturer recalls shows that conditions involving 

crash related fuel tank ruptures, filler neck breaks and primary 

fuel line failures account for 15.1% of all fuel system recalls. 

These crash related failures are caused by factors including pinched 

fuel lines, missing fuel tank shields, faulty gas caps and mispositioned fuel hoses — conditions likely to produce fires 

immediately fed by a large quantity of fuel. 
P.34 

In contrast, evaporative emission systems account for only 7.2% 

of all fuel system recalls. Virtually all of these conditions cause 

fuel leaks rather than post-crash fires. Out of the 291 fuel system 

recalls, 20 involved the evaporative system. Only 2 of the 291 fuel 

system and 4,276 total recalls pertain to gasoline vapor line or 

valve malfunctions that can cause post-crash fuel leakage. In 

October 1985, Subaru recalled 11,000 XT models because the bumper 

could damage the air vent hose and cause a fuel leak during a 

collision. In January 1976, Jaguar recalled 911 XJ6 models because 

the fuel pump non-return valve could cause fuel to syphon from one 

tank to the other, and cause the carbon canister to overflow.1 

Recall data showing only two defects associated with postcollision failure of current evaporative systems indicates the 

potential crash fire risk from onboard systems is small. The 

improved onboard systems under EPA•s proposed evaporative control 

rule are only marginally more complex than the present systems which 

have generated two post-crash fire recalls of 11,911 out of 

130,800,000 vehicles (0.01%) in 18 years. Neither of these recalls 

was linked with any fires, deaths or injuries. Any increased crash 

safety risk from onboard systems would be a marginal increase of a 

present small safety risk and could easily be handled by improved 

technology. 

1In December 1983, Grumman Olson recalled 51 diesel trucks 

because "the location and length of the vent valve hose" could result 

in fuel spillage during an accident. This recall and fuel system is 

not affected by EPA's gasoline evaporative emission controls. 

10 
Recall data clearly demonstrate that the safety risk from high 

fuel volatility and excessive fuel pressure is far greater than from 

evaporative control systems. Excess fuel pressure causes large 

amounts of gasoline spurting out of the filler neck after the gas 

cap is removed as well as large fuel leaks from the fuel system even 

with the filler cap in place. Automakers have conducted 12 recalls 

of 654,071 vehicles to alleviate fuel pressure and spurting problems. These recalls have been associated with at least 71 fires, 25 

injuries and 2 deaths. 

TABLE 2 — NHTSA FUEL PRESSURE RECALLS 

Recall 

Number 

79V-028 

79V-048 

79V-132 

80V-083 

81V-058 

82V-076 

85V-014 

85V-106 

87V-113 

87V-144 

87V-155 

88V-013 

Manufacturer 

Volvo 

Volvo 

Volvo 

Fiat 

Volkswagen 

General Motors 

Heritage 

Fleetwood 

Ford 

Ford 

Winnebago 

Georgie Boy 

Tvoe & Year 

1975-76 Cars 

1975-77 Cars 

1974-75 Cars 

1979 Cars 

1980-81 Cars 

1982 Cars 

1984 Motorhomes 

1979-85 Motorhomes 

1983-87 E350 

1983-87 E250, 

Ambulances 

E350 Vans 

1985-87 Motorhomes 

1984-85 Motorhomes 

Ninnber of 

Vehicles 

57,000 

61,000 

121,000 

13,280 

133,000 

24,455 

750 

28,545 

16,000 

188,000 

9,041 

2,000 

TOTAL 654,071 

11 
P.36 

The NHTSA fuel pressure recalls closely track the increase in 

gasoline fuel volatility with no fuel pressure recall before 1979 

when the national average summer RVP was less than 10 psi.2 in 

addition to these recalls, NHTSA has active investigations into fuel 

pressure problems on 1983-85 Renault Fuego's (EA 88-020) and General 

Motors 20 and 30 chassis (EA 88-016) so the fuel pressure recall 

trend will continue up in the future unless fuel volatility controls 

are imposed. 

C. SAFETY COMPLAINTS 

NHTSA maintains a computer data base of 146,000 safety 

complaints received by the agency since 1977. CAS requested a 

computer search of the entire data base to identify and segregate 

all fuel system complaints within this data base. CAS received a 

computer printout of 20,000 complaints which covered all fuel system 

safety reports ranging from fuel tank explosions in crashes to fuel 

leaks of all types, to defective carburetors, and even sudden 

acceleration. CAS staff analyzed every single abstract to identify 

all reports of fires, fuel pressure and spurting, vapor lock and 

fuel foaming, carbon canisters, and degradation of fuel system 

components by the fuel (excluding contaminated fuel). Copies of 

each identified complaint were obtained from NHTSA to verify them. 

1. Fires 

The fuel system data base contain 1,501 reports of fires which 

were identified by examining the "fault code" and abstract sections 

2"Study of Gasoline Volatility and Hydrocarbon Emissions from 

Motor Vehicles," Environmental Protection Agency, Table 2-6 (November 

1985). 

12 
of the computer printout of NHTSA's 20,000 fuel system complaints.3 

Identification of a complaint containing one of these fault codes 

was followed by examination of the abstract describing the reported 

problem. Review of the abstract verified that a fuel fire was 

involved and provided a method for determining whether or not the 

fire resulted from a crash. 

The vast majority of the 1,501 fuel related fires identified by 

this process were non-crash engine compartment fires' which comprised 

60% of the complaints in the data base. The most frequently cited 

known causes of engine compartment fires were fuel leaks from fuel 

injectors, carburetors, and fuel lines.4 The next most common fire 

causes were catalytic converters overheating with 10% and fuel 

leaking or spraying out from the filler neck with 5%. Crash fires 

totaled 24 or 2% of the data base. Of these 24 crash fires, none 

were caused by failure of the evaporative emission control system. 

3The complaint summaries of all fire reports are identified by 

one of the following 8 fault codes. [A complete list of NHTSA fault 

codes is included as Appendix B.] 

Code 

22 

23 

24 

25 

16 

17 

18 

74 

Fire Tvpe/Cause 

Fluid Fire (transmission, etc.) 

Liquid Propane Gase Fire 

Gasoline Fire 

Unknown Fire 

Fluid Explosion 

Liquid Propane Gas Explosion 

Gasoline Explosion 

Electrical 

4 A good example of this is Ford's recall (87V-139) of 3.6 

million 1986-88 vehicles for defective fuel line couplers that 

uncoupled and sprayed gasoline under high pressure in the engine 

compartment. At the time the recall was announced, Ford reported 225 

fires and 8 injuries due to the defect. 

13 
P.38 

Nor did the CAS analysis find any significant number of reports 

of crash or non-crash explosions. Reports describing explosions 

either alone or in crashes accounted for less than 1% of all fire 

reports identified by CAS. Since NHTSA's vehicle system categories 

are each distinct (as shown by the list in Appendix C) , reports of 

explosions and/or crash related fires would almost certainly have 

been coded as fuel system problems. 

The low -involvement of evaporative emission components in 

vehicle fires in the NHTSA data base was cross checked by analysis 

of those safety reports that specifically referenced evaporative 

components. This search turned up only 27 complaints which are 

listed in Appendix D. Only 6 of these involve a vehicle fire (0.4% 

of all fire reports in the data base), none in a crash or causing an 

injury. Not all 6 fire complaints point to the evaporative system 

as causing the fire. For example, complaint H60877 indicates the 

fire was caused by a catalytic converter malfunction although the 

canister purge valve was repaired earlier. Where the evaporative 

emission system caused the fire, the mechanism varied from contact 

of a canister with the exhaust manifold to gasoline backing up 

through the vent lines due to overfilling. 

Review of existing highway safety literature confirms crashrelated fires account for a small fraction of all vehicle fires and 

resulting injuries. A 1981 Society of Automotive Engineers Technical Paper, for example, highlighted Michigan State Police fire 

data that showed "accident, overturn and knockdown" related events 

accounted for only 5.3% of all passenger car fires.5 In contrast, 

5"Motor Vehicle Non-Crash Fires," Peter Cooley (Highway Safety 

Research Institute, University of Michigan) SAE No. 810012, p.3 (1981). 

14 
P.39 

the most common cause, "part failure" accounted for 38.7% of all 

passenger car fires. According to this SAE paper, only "one in 

every 15 reported burn injuries associated with motor vehicles 

results from a crash."6 

2. Fuel Volatility. Stalling and Degradation 

NHTSA safety report data confirm that the largest safety hazard 

involved in this rulemaking is from higher fuel volatility and resulting fuel system overpressurization which cause fuel leaks, fuel 

spurting and fires as well as fuel foaming, vapor lock and stalling. 

In sharp contrast to the 27 safety complaints on evaporative emission systems, CAS identified 1,163 vehicle safety complaints with 

1,661 reports of fuel overpressurization, vapor lock/fuel foaming, 

fuel spurting and fuel degradation of vehicle components and performance as shown in the following graph. Appendix E is an explanation of this analysis with coding sheets listing every report by 

category along with the date, location and vehicle model and year.7 

CAS found the safety hazards of higher fuel volatility are (1) 

concentrated during May through October, (2) in states with higher 

fuel volatility levels, and (3) increasing as fuel volatility levels 

increase. Table 3 on page 17 compares the occurrence of fuel safety 

complaints versus vehicle registrations, ASTM low summer month Reid 

vapor pressure (RVP) volatility standard, and state RVP volatility 

standard. The 26 states for which ASTM set a voluntary RVP standard 

for one summer month of no higher than 10.0 psi had only 34% of the 

6Id. at 5. 

Attachment A includes the 1,133 complaints for 1,163 vehicles. 

15 
mt 

n 

EVAPORATIVE AND FUEL SAFETY COMPLAINTS 

7C\A 

672 

640 

608 

576 

544 

512 

480 

Number 

448 

416 

384 

352 

320 

288 

256 

224 

192 

160 

128 

96 

64 

32 

n 

lllill]||i|ili|illili()i 

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fuel safety reports but 48% of the national vehicle fleet. With 66% 

of the fuel safety reports and 52% of the vehicle fleet, those 24 

states with ASTM summer levels higher than 10.0 psi were 80% more 

likely to have fuel safety problems. 

As shown below in Table 4 and in the bar graph on the following 

page, the incidence of fuel problems has increased as fuel volatility levels have increased. From 1978 thru 1980, NHTSA received only 

8 fuel safety complaints. Thereafter, the complaints climbed to the 

level of over 100 per year. (CAS eliminated all 1983-86 Ford 

ambulances which were recalled for fuel spurting from this table to 

exclude the effect of this batch of late model vehicles.) Since the 

table is based only on the year of first incidence, the greater 

number of complaints in later years is not due to new vehicles 

continuing to have fuel volatility problems in later years. 

TABLE 4 — FUEL COMPLAINTS BY YEAR OF INITIAL INCIDENCE 

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 

2 0 6 11 41 150 167 199 193 348 

To confirm that the increase in fuel safety complaints is 

related to fuel volatility, CAS examined the records for the 1980 to 

1983 model years in depth. First, CAS eliminated all degradation 

complaints which are more likely to be time related and less likely 

to be volatility related. Then CAS plotted the year of first 

incidence verus model year for fuel overpressurization, fuel spurting and vapor lock/fuel foaming reports which are volatility 

related. (Table 5.) Only 15% of the vehicles had a volatility 

18 
DISTRIBUTION OF FUEL SPURTING, PRESSURIZATION, AND VAPOR LOCK REPORTS BY 

SEASON 

(1,551 TOTAL) 

Fall/Spring 

12%' 

Winter 

4% 

FUEL SAFETY COMPLAINTS BY YEAR OF INITIAL INCIDENCE 

(Excluding 1983-1986 Ford Ambulances) 

•umber 360 

340 

320 

300 

280 

260 

240 

220 

200 

180 

160 

140 

120 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

0 

199 

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Calendar Year 

National Average 

Summer Gaaoline RVP 

(Excluding California)* 

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 198S 1986 1987 

9.9 9.2 10.0 10.1 10.5 10.6 10.4 10.8 10.4 

Prom Table 2-5, Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis, 'Control of Gaaoline RVP Volatilit y and 

PTrinTr*T>iv. RvHmrMrhnn RmU.fnn . fmm M#w Motor Vehicles. " O.S . EPA* Jul v 1987 . 
P.44 

9 

3 

-

— 

3 

16 

17 

— 

28 

25 

29 

52 

19 

15 

13 

38 

7 

17 

8 

38 

7 

10 

26 

84 

6 

11 

11 

21 

related complaint in the first year they were sold with 85% having 

their first volatility complaint in later years when volatility 

levels were higher. If CAS had plotted additional volatility 

complaints for the same vehicle in later years, the number of 

complaints in later years would have been far higher. 

TABLE 5 — VOLATILITY COMPLAINTS BY MODEL YEAR AND FIRST INCIDENCE 

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 

Model 

Year 

1980 3 

1981 

1982 

1983 

Analysis of the fuel safety complaints by time of year confirms 

that controlling fuel volatility in the summer will advance both 

environmental and safety goals as the greatest incidence (84%) of 

fuel safety complaints occurs during this time period as shown in 

the pie chart on the previous page. Between 82 to 87% of all fuel 

spurting, overpressurization and vapor lock/fuel foaming reports 

occurred in the summer (May thru September) . Only 2 to 6% occur 

during the cold weather winter months (December thru February). 

During the spring and fall months (March to April and October to 

November) when there are occasional warm days, volatility related 

safety complaints range from 9 to 14%. Degradation of vehicle 

performance due to fuel problems is not strongly correlated with 

season with 53% occuring during the 5 summer months, 28% during the 

4 spring/fall months and 19% during the winter months. 

20 
TABLE 6 — SEASONAL INCIDENCE OF FUEL SAFETY 

Spurtina Pressure Vapor Lock 

Season 

Summer 85% 82% 87% 

Spring/Fall 9% 14% 11% 

Winter 6% 4% 2% 

Examination of the 68 reported fires due 

problems confirms this seasonal distribution with 

REPORTS 

Dearadation 

53% 

28% 

19% 

to fuel safety 

81% occurring in 

P.45 

the summer as shown in Table 7. Since the date and location for 

each fire was known as shown in Appendix F, CAS was able to deterine the applicable voluntary ASTM RVP standard for the time of the 

fire as well as whether ASTM standard D 439 was adopted by the 

state. As shown in the chart, on the next page,, only 2 fires occurred when the ASTM RVP standard for the area of the fire was 9.0 psi. 

Moreover, one of the fires occurred in Texas which has not adopted 

ASTM or any other volatility standards. The other fire occurred in 

New Mexico which has adopted ASTM D 439 but which has granted 

ethanol blends a volatility exemption. Colorado led all states in 

fires caused by fuel volatility problems with 12 of the 68 or 18%. 

TABLE 7 — SEASONAL FIRE DISTRIBUTION 

Summer Spring/Fall Winter 

56 (81%) 11 (16%) 2 (3%) 

a. Fuel Spurting 

The most serious safety hazard identified in the NHTSA safety 

complaint data base is fuel spurting — where the gasoline spurts or 

sprays from the fuel tank upon removal of the filler cap. In most 

cases, the fuel release is due to excess pressure in the fuel tank. 

21 
P.46 

FUEL SAFETY FIRE REPORTS AND RVP LEVELS 

(68 TOTAL) 

ASTM standard for 

location and date of fire 

9.0 psi RV 

3% 
In some cases, the fuel boils and pours out of the tank. Fuel 

spurting occurred in 37% of the vehicle fuel safety complaints with 

the amount of fuel ranging from a pint to many gallons. 

The safety hazards of fuel spurting are readily apparent — if 

there's an ignition source, there's a fire. This is best shown by 

some of the fuel spurting reports CAS analyzed as summarized below. 

July 9, 1985. Don Palanuk removed the gas cap of his 

Fleetwood Southwind motorhome to investigate a noise 

coming from the gas tank. Gasoline sprayed out of the 

filler neck onto Palanuk, another motorhome and a car. 

When a pilot light in the other motorhome ignited the 

gasoline, everything went up in flames. The car and both 

motorhomes were destroyed. Don Palanuk died 31 hours 

later in a burn center in Salt Lake City. 

August 17, 1986. Ansel Massey of Amarillo TX was vacationing in New Mexico in his 1986 Winnebago Chieftain when 

he saw fuel spilling from his gas cap. When he stopped 

and took off the cap, gasoline sprayed on him and ignited. 

Although a passerby smothered the flames with a blanket, 

Mr. Massey died the following day of burns suffered over 

63% of his body. 

May 9, 1986. Thomas Clough of Seminole FL pulled into a 

gas station in Acworth GA in his 1985 Ford E250 van. When 

he removed the filler cap, gasoline sprayed out and 

ignited, destroying the van and gas station and causing 

first, second and third degree burns to Mr. Clough. 

b. Fuel Overpressurization 

The most common safety hazard identified in the safety 

complaint data base is fuel overpressurization where the gasoline in 

the fuel tank builds up dangerously high levels of pressure that 

manifests itself in fuel leaks from the tank and vent lines, poor 

vehicle performance, excessive gasoline odors, constant whistling 

from the tank, and a rush of pressure upon removal of the filler 

cap. In some cases, the excess pressure can blow vent lines and gas 

tank seams. Too much excess pressure can also cause vehicle stalling which the driver often, and dangerously, alleviates by removing 

23 
P.48 

or loosening the gas cap. Excess fuel pressure occurred in 58% of 

the vehicle fuel safety complaints. 

The amount of gasoline that can be lost to a leak from excess 

pressure is staggering — up to 20 gallons in a motorhome and 

several gallons in a car. Although fires do not occur as frequently 

as in the case in of fuel spurting, pressure leaks of ter result in 

fires. Some owners who have experienced the excess pressure in the 

gas tank even stop driving the vehicles. The following are typical 

examples of the safety problems experienced by consumers with excess 

pressure in their vehicles. 

Christian Speaker of Graterford PA wrote about his 1986 

Tioga motorhome with "a lot of problems with it overpressurizing. Once, the motor just stopped and left me 

sitting in the middle of the road. I had to remove the 

fill cap and relieve the pressure before it would start. 

Every time I remove the filler cap I get a 'whooshing' 

sound of all the pressure being released. . . . Even 

during the day when the motorhome is just sitting, I have 

a pressure buildup. 

Helen M. Fipps of Hyattsville MD complained that "the fuel 

tank was leaking [on her 1983 Ford Thunderbird] because of 

excessive pressure.• I had to call the fire department to 

hose down the parking lot. . . . Ford representative 

[said] that this is normal. .. . We do not like putting 

our lives or our children's lives in danger by driving 

this car. 

Ethel V. Vann of Own ings MD had an excess fuel tank 

pressure with her 1983 Renault Alliance such that "when 

the tank is filled over 1/2, the gasoline is expelled from 

the tank and runs down the side ... . I began to keep 

less and less gas in the tank . . . approximately three to 

four gallons. 

When there is an ignition source, gasoline leaks from fuel 

tanks with excess pressure can turn into fires as is clearly pointed 

out by Assistant Fire Chief Marc Crain for Hoodland Fire District 

#74 in Rhododendron OR in reporting on two Ford F250 pickup fires: 

24 
P.49 

Both vehicle drivers experienced a minor backfire and lost 

power, fire appeared at the fuel filler spouts, drivers 

pulled the vehicles to the side of the highway and fire 

rapidly involved the camp vehicles attached. [The 

ingnition factor identified was "fuel from overpressured 

tank spilled onto side & rear of vehicle."] 

c. Vapor Lock and Fuel Foaming 

Another common safety hazard associated with high fuel 

volatility is vapor lock and fuel foaming which cause stalling and 

other performance problems in motor vehicles. Vapor lock and fuel 

foaming occurred in 39% of the fuel safety complaints. As with fuel 

spurting and overpressurization, vapor lock and fuel foaming are 

warm weather problems with 87% of the reports occurring from May 

through October with 11% occurring in March to April and October to 

November. 

Vapor lock and fuel foaming have become such common problems as 

fuel volatility has increased since 1980 that most manufacturers 

have devised special repair procedures for vehicles in use and have 

made production changes for new vehicles in efforts to alleviate the 

problem. For example, Chrysler has issued special driveability kits 

for most of its 1981-87 vehicle production as shown in Appendix G. 

As part of an overall effort to resolve fuel problems in 3 982-83, 

General Motors (GM) noted that 100% of all class A motorhomes could 

have vapor lock as fuel volatility increased. GM was so concerned 

about vapor lock in these vehicles that it held a meeting at its 

Phoenix Proving Grounds in October 1983 of 34 of the 36 class A 

motorhome manufacturers to discuss how to reduce vapor lock. (See 

Appendix H.) At the meeting, GM pointed out: 

25 
P.50 

The higher the Reid vapor pressure the more vapor lock can 

be expected. The average Reid vapor pressure of regular 

unleaded gasoline was 9.3 in 1980, 9.8 in 1981 and 10.3 in 

1982 with individual locations showing 12 and 13 and it 

appears the trend will continue upward. This really converts to explain why some motorhomes that have never had 

any problems could, with fuel changes toward the higher 

Reid vapor pressure fuels, find problems of vapor lock 

that did not exist a year or so ago. 

Examination of the many individual consumer vapor lock and fuel 

foaming reports in the data base confirm the safety hazards of 

higher volatility fuels. 

In September 1985, Richard Antolovich of Denver wrote the 

NHTSA that his 1983 Chevrolet S-10 Blazer "vapor locks at 

the most dangerous times, e.g., pulling out onto a busy 

road . . . ascending a mountain interstate highway grade 

in the middle of a lot of traffic . . . attempting to pass 

another vehicle on a 2-lane highway. . . . This condition 

has become very common in my area of the country. It is 

also so dangerous that I no longer trust allowing my wife 

& children in the vehicle under the stated conditions." 

In June 1983, Christine Sedlmayr of Arvada CO wrote NHTSA 

that her 1981 Plymouth Reliant "vapor locks and stalls. I 

consider this problem to be a life-threatening hazard, as 

there is no telling who may be behind me when the car 

stops. So far I have been fortunate. Next time I may be 

dead. 

In June 1986, Barton Sadowsky of New York NY wrote NHTSA 

that his 1985 Mercury Merkur "has developed a progressively worsening case of vapor lock. [On a trip] the car 

backfired and stalled out approximately 15 times. Each 

time I was surrounded by heavy Saturday mid-day traffic. 

I had to get out of the car each time, lift the hood to 

cool the engine and the trunk lid to warn motorists behind 

me and stand in the road until the engine was cool enough 

to restart ... . 

d. Degradation of Fuel Svstem Components 

In 10% of the fuel safety complaints, degradation of fuel 

system components by the fuel itself caused fuel leaks or poor 

performance such as stalling. This analysis excluded problems 

26 
P.51 

caused by fuel contaminated with water or impurities such as rust or 

debris. Thus it was limited to degradation caused by a fuel meeting 

specifications set by the marketer. Unlike the other fuel safety 

reports, degradation was not concentrated in any season. 

The fuel system components most likely to be degraded were 

carburetor floats and jets, gaskets and seals, hoses, fuel 

injectors, filters, fuel pump diaphragms, and terne plate. Most 

frequently consumers would specify only that the components 

deteriorated such as Joanne Chris of Monrovia CA who reported the 

carburetor in her 1980 Honda flooded because "the floats were 

plastic & holes got eaten through them." Phillip Lewis of Memphis 

TN reported his 1984 Peugeot 505 leaked gas from the filler neck 

because "the rubber gasket on the gas cap reacts with gasoline, expands & no longer seals." 

The fuels most commonly identified as degrading fuel system 

components and causing safety problems were alcohol fuels. In fact, 

they are the only uncontaminated fuels that were identified as 

degrading vehicle components. This is supported by the fact that 

those states with gasohol sales greater than the national 7% average 

have more fuel degradation complaints. These states have just 35% 

of the vehicle market share but 51% of the fuel degradation 

complaints. 

The following are typical examples of fuel degradation reports 

about alcohol fuels. 

Kathie Rogers of Pretty Prairie KS experienced chronic 

stalling in her 1984 Honda CRX that the dealer advised 

"was caused by carburetor flaking away due to ethanol." 

27 
P.52 

William Lorenzen of Vallejo CA had the fuel line deteriorate on his new 1982 Ford Mustang after driving for 7,000 

miles on 10% ethanol blends despite the owner's manual 

saying they were acceptable. 

Harold Dillenbeck of Johnson City TN paid a $100+ to 

replace the fuel pump on his 1981 Plymouth Reliant after 

using AP gasoline containing 10% ethanol that caused it to 

fail. 

Don Young of Garland TX had to replace the fuel injectors 

in his 1983 Nissan 280ZX at a cost of $600 after using 

Vickers gasoline containing ethanol. Although Vickers 

assured him its gasoline did not contain ethanol, he had a 

sample of the gas from his tank analyzed and found it 

contained 8% ethanol. 

III. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FUEL SPURTING AND OVERPRESSURIZATION 

Higher fuel volatility has a major adverse impact on ozone 

levels that EPA has not considered to date in this rulemaking — (1) 

the massive release of hydrocarbons (HC) from widely occuring fuel 

spurting and pressurized leak incidents, and (2) tampering with fuel 

system components to compensate for adverse performance problems 

associated with high fuel volatility and fuel system pressure. Out 

of the 1163 vehicle safety complaints, 41% reported major gasoline 

losses to the environment due to fuel spurting or leaks from gas 

tanks with excess pressure. 

The average release of gasoline in a fuel spurting incident or 

leak from an overpressurized fuel tank in the safety complaint data 

base is over 2 gallons or 5100 grams. This is the equivalent of the 

evaporative emissions from 300 vehicles at present 1988 fleet levels 

of 16.93 grams/day or more than 600 vehicles at the projected levels 

of 7.23 grams/day when the proposed gasoline volatility standards 

take effect. The following examples from the complaint data base 

28 
P.53 

show the magnitude of the gasoline loss to the environment. 

Thomas Mark of Evergreen CO had 5 gallons of gas blow out 

of the filler neck of his 1979 Nissan 200ZX when he took 

off the cap on a day when the temperature was 90° and he 

was at a 7500 foot altitude. (H61017) 

The Iredell County NC EMS reported their 1981 Ford Econoline has leaked over 5 gallons of gas several times with 

and without the engine running. (141415) 

John Matras of Granite City IL reported a fuel spurting 

case on his 1985 Holiday Rambler motorhome, "On taking the 

cap off, the gas spewed out about 4 or 5 feet in the air 

and . . . several gallons ejected from the tank." (147907) 

When Karyn Litaker-Parker of Mesa AZ removed the filler 

cap from her 1983 Renault Fuego on August 17, 1985, she 

"was drenched by a flood of gasoline shooting from the 

filler area .. . at least a gallon of gasoline was thrown 

on me from head to toe." (136510) 

In order to determine the additional HC emissions due to fuel 

spurting and excess pressure leaks, one must estimate the percentage 

of vehicles affected and the frequency of fuel expulsion incidents. 

Based on the total number of 146,000 vehicle reports in the consumer 

complaint data base, the frequency of fuel spurting or leaks from 

overpressurized gas tanks is at least 0.4%. If these vehicles have 

one fuel loss incident every 30 days during May thru October, this 

suggests that fuel spurting and overpressurization increases evaporative HC emissions by 40% over the base 1988 level. Even eliminating vehicles recalled for fuel spurting such as the 1983-86 Ford 

ambulances from the data bases suggests the present incidence rate 

is at least 0.1-0.2% which increases evaporative HC emissions by 10 

to 20% over the base 1988 level. 

By lowering the gasoline volatility standard, EPA will not only 

reduce normal evaporative emissions but also fuel spurting and leaks 

29 
P.54 

from excess gas tank pressure. However, significant reductions in 

fuel spurting and leaks will not occur unless the RVP volatility 

standard is set at 9.0 psi. The best indicator of this in the data 

base is the incidence of fire by RVP standard as shown in Appendix 

F. The primary difference between a fuel spurt with and without a 

fire is the presence of an ignition source. Only two of 68 fires 

occurred when the ASTM standard was 9.0 and one of these occurred in 

Texas which does not enforce ASTM standards. (See p. 22 supra.) 

The state by state examination of all fuel safety reports also 

shows a reduction in fuel spurting and pressure leaks as volatility 

levels are reduced. Those 26 states where the ASTM RVP standard was 

10.0 psi had only 34% of the fuel safety complaints even though they 

had 48% of the vehicle fleet. For the 24 states where the ASTM RVP 

standard was higher, they had 66% of the fuel safety reports but 

only 52% of the vehicle fleet. 

In an effort to improve performance of vehicles with excessive 

fuel pressure, many consumers are drilling out, removing or 

loosening the gas cap, and disabling vent lines to the charcoal 

canister; all of which lead to increased HC emissions. While the 

Center has not quantified the amount of additional HC emissions that 

are released, on an individual vehicle basis this can eliminate most 

of the reduction in HC emissions from evaporative controls. 

IV. ALCOHOL FUELS 

Since alcohol fuels have higher volatility and more materials 

incompatability than straight gasoline, they will cause more 

performance problems, particularly in older vehicles and vehicles 

30 
P.55 

with heavier driving cycles such as motorhomes, trucks and vans, and 

those operating at high altitude. These performances problems lead 

to greater safety hazards and higher emissions. Controlling the 

volatility of ethanol blends to the same level as straight gasoline 

is an important means of both reducing safety hazards and HC 

emissions. 

A. SAFETY HAZARDS 

With their higher volatility, alcohol blends have worse safety 

emission problems than straight gasoline. Analysis of NHTSA fuel 

system complaints shows that states with more than 7% gasohol 

penetration (the national average) have 50% more fuel safety 

complaints than states with less than 7% gasohol sales. Indeed, 

these states have just 35% of the vehicle population but 52% of the 

fuel safety reports. Recalls, NHTSA investigations, and manuacturer bulletins and internal documents all show alcohol fuels as 

one of the primary causes of vapor lock, fuel spurting and overressurization, and fuel system component degradation. 

Of all the states with high gasohol sales, those few (Alabama, 

South Dakota and Tennessee) which enforce summer RVP standards no 

higher than 10.5 psi and no ethanol exemption have reduced fuel 

safety complaints. The remaining gasohol states with just 32% of 

the vehicle population have 50% of the fuel safety complaints and 

56% of the vehicle fuel volatility fires as is shown in the graph on 

the following page. 

Colorado is a worst case example of providing a volatility 

exemption for ethanol blends. Much of the state is at high altitude 

31 
100 

Percent 

Share 

FUEL SAFETY REPORTS AND ETHANOL SALES 

Colorado Ethanol States * All Other States 

* States with ethanol sales greater than 7.0 percent and ethanol volatility 

standard higher than 10.5 psi RVP. 
P.57 

which increases the adverse effects of higher fuel volatility 

including fuel spurting, vapor lock and fires. At present Colorado 

provide a volatility exemption for gasoline blended with ethanol 

while requiring straight gasoline to meet ASTM D 439 RVP standards 

of 10.0 psi from June thru September and 11.5 psi for May and 

October. Prior to July 1986, Colorado did not enforce any volatility standards for gasoline or ethanol blends. As the bar graph on 

the previous page shows, Colorado has only 1.56% of the U.S. vehicle 

fleet but has 4.1% of the fuel safety complaints and 17.6% of the 

fuel related fires in the complaint data base. Colorado should have 

a 9.0 psi RVP volatility standard for all gasoline and no ethanol 

exemption for May thru October in order to reduce its fuel safety 

problem. 

Many owners who have fuel safety problems on 10% ethanol blends 

find the problems disappear when they change to straight gasoline. 

The following are some typical examples: 

The Cerro Gordo Community Ambulance Service in Cerro Gordo 

IL had vapor lock caused by using gasoline with ethanol. 

"When fuel not containing ethanol is used, vehicle seems 

to run normally." 

When Gordon McGrew of Evans-ton XL had his 198 0 Honda 

Accord "started running awful within 500 feet of the 

station", he had the Road Pilot gasoline tested on a gas 

chromatograph and found that it contained 10% ethanol and 

no water. He refueled with non-ethanol gasoline and had 

no problems. 

Debbie Carroll of Reston VA had $200 to $300 of engine 

repairs after using Digas containing 10% ethanol that 

resulted in her 1984 Chrysler E Class having "very little 

power when accelerating and a lot of stalling." She 

changed to non-ethanol blended gasoline and had no 

problems thereafter. 

33 
P.58 

B. STRINGENT ENFORCEMENT OF VOLATILITY STANDARDS 

The ethanol industry has proposed that whatever volatility 

standard EPA sets for ethanol blends should be enforced by "paper 

certification" — i.e., where the ethanol blender/retailer shows 

compliance by providing paper records that the base gasoline met 

EPA's RVP standard and that only ethanol was added to produce the 

finished 10% ethanol-gasoline blend. Even if EPA testing showed the 

ethanol blend to have a 14 psi RVP, the blender could avoid all 

liability for the violation. As experience with other gasoline 

regulatory programs has shown, paper certification is an invitation 

to disaster. 

Experience with gasoline regulatory programs shows significant 

fraudulent and evasive practices. While the majority of gasoline 

marketing practices are in accordance with applicable laws and 

regulations, the incidence of unlawful practice undermines the 

regulatory programs and puts those who obey the law at a competitive 

disadvantage. Such unlawful practices have been particularly widespread where the regulations rely upon paper records to demonstrate 

compliance as the fuel ethanol industry has proposed. 

Examples of such unlawful gasoline marketing practices in the 

past include cheating on generation and sale of lead rights under 

EPA's lead phasedown program. Based on a sample of refiners, EPA's 

Office of the Inspector General found widespread noncompliance with 

EPA's lead content and reporting regulations including: 

[EPA] refiners reports did not support the sale and purchase of 137 million grams of lead usage rights during 

1984 and 64 million during 1985 . . . 

34 
Refiners in our sample did not report purchasing 763 

million grams of lead additive that lead manufacturers 

reported selling to them; and 

Ten refiners reported substantial decreases in lead use 

between 1984 and 1985, without having to provide detailed 

explanations of their actions.8 

EPA audits confirmed the widespread noncomplaince with the lead 

phasedown program with EPA announcing on December 2, 1986, that 

based on just one audit, it was seeking $40 million dollars in 

penalties for violation of the lead content regulations. This audit 

found that certain refiners did not report the use of over 2 billion 

grams of lead. 

The General Account Office (GAO) has issued two reports since 

1986 which also show the gasoline industry failing to comply with 

regulatory requirements. In August 1987, GAO found widespread 

octane mislabeling in New York City that resulted in consumers being 

sold low octane gasoline as high octane at a price 12 to 25 cents 

per gallon higher than what low octane sold for.9 The GAO also 

found widespread noncompliance with EPA's lead phasedown program and 

found cases of lead use as much as 300 million grams in excess of 

the standard.10 According to GAO, EPA itself recognized "the 

increasingly restrictive lead standard has increased the incentives 

to cheat on the rules." 

8"Significant Control Weaknesses Identified In Program to 

Reduce Lead Emissions," February 1987, a copy of which is provided 

as Attachment B. 

^"Gasoline Marketing: Octane Mislabeling in New York City," 

August 1987. 

10"Vehicle Emissions: EPA Program To Assist Leaded-Gasoline 

Producers Needs Prompt Improvement," August 1986. 

35 
P.60 

In July 15, 1986, testimony before the House Ways and Means 

Committee, Federal Highway Administration Chief Counsel Anthony J. 

McMahon testified, "evasion of gasoline taxes has reached a 

staggering level." According to the Committee: 

informal estimates of annual Federal revenue losses range 

from $100 million to over $1 billion. .. . In a typical 

evasion scheme, an individual or business may purchase 

gasoline through a "daisy-chain" series of tax-free paper 

transactions, the gasoline may be sold . . . to a nonexempt producer or retailer. The seller then 

misrepresents that the . . . gasoline excise taxes have 

been paid. Thus, the last producer in the chain receives 

a tax-included purchase price from the buyer, but the tax 

is never paid to the Federal government.11 

In implementing a volatility standard for 10% ethanol blends, 

EPA must adopt a rigorous enforcement program including sampling at 

all levels of the gasoline refining, distribution and marketing 

system to ensure that full compliance occurs and that no fraud such 

as misrepresenting the volatility of the base gasoline occurs. The 

potential for abuse by paper certification exists whether EPA sets 

the same standard for ethanol blends as for straight gasoline or 

gives a 1.0 psi tolerance for such blends. In either case, paper 

certification creates an economic incentive to misrepresent the base 

gasoline as either being (1) a sub-RVP gasoline (where ethanol 

blends have the same standard) or (2) a base gasoline meeting the 

RVP standard (where ethanol blends have a set psi tolerance). 

The regulatory option of giving ethanol blends a 1.0 psi 

tolerance is particularly bad since the average volatility increase 

from the addition of 10% ethanol to a certified base gasoline may be 

11Hearing on Compliance With Federal Gasoline Excise Tax 

Provisions Before the Oversight Subcomm. of the House Comm. on Ways 

and Means, 99th Cong., 2d Sess. (July 15, 1986). 

36 
P.61 

as low as 0.3-0.7 psi. Unless EPA adopts a strict enforcement mechansim, high volatility components such as butane can be added to the 

gasoline blend to further raise its volatility up to the allowed 

ceiling of 1.0 psi where addition of ethanol raises the volatility 

by a lesser amount. 

V. NO FEDERAL PRE-EMPTION OF STATE VOLATILITY STANDARDS 

The ASTM has issued voluntary standards for motor gasoline 

since 1937 to help ensure fuels that perform well in motor vehicles. 

Many states have adopted the ASTM gasoline standard, 1) 439, to 

protect consumers and ensure the safe operation of motor vehicle. 

Other states have set their own motor gasoline quality laws and 

regulations, some at an earlier date than ASTM. At the heart of the 

ASTM D 439 standard and many of the individual state standards are 

volatility requirements for motor gasoline. 

Yet the purpose of all these early motor fuel quality standards 

was consumer protection, not control of motor vehicle emissions. As 

shown by the above analysis of the vehicle complaint data base, 

states that have more stringent gasoline volatility standards have 

reduced fuel safety problems including vapor lock, fuel spurting and 

overpressuization, and fires. Only 3% of all fuel related vehicle 

fires in this data base were in states that enforced a 9.0 psi RVP 

standard at the time and place of the fire. States which enforced 

an RVP standard of 10.5 psi or less during the summer bad reduced 

fuel safety complaints (19%) compared to vehicle market pharc (32%). 

States such as Alabama, South Dakota and Tennessee with r.iqni f icant 

gasohol sales have lower fuel safety complaints than oi )x.-.r states 

37 
P.62 

with significant gasohol sales that provide a volatility exemption 

for ethanol blends. 

EPA cannot and should not attempt to preempt states which have 

chosen to protect the health and welfare of their motorists by 

setting stringent volatility standards for gasoline and alcohol 

blends. EPA may set more stringent national volatility standards to 

reduce evaporative HC emissions. But it is within the police power 

of the states to set volatility standards if they find it necessary 

to protect the safety and welfare of their citizens. Both state and 

federal regulations can exist together. 

38 
P.63 

APPENDIX A 

FJiEL SYSTEM BECAU CATEGORIES 

1. All Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 301 failures 

and post-crash ruptures of fuel tank, filler neck or primary 

fuel lines. 

2. Fuel leaks caused by chemical degradation of fuel hoses, fuel 

pump diaphragms and other non-metallic components. 

3. Fuel leaks caused by mechanical damage, such as chafing and 

cracking, to metallic components. 

M. Problem causing or related to fuel system pressurization 

and/or fuel spurting from filler neck when gas cap is removed. 

5. Evaporative emission system failures, including "vapor recovery 

lines, valves and charcoal canister. 

6. Miscellaneous problems not covered by other categories. 

7. Condition causing stalling, including poor fuel distribution 

and fuel contamination. 

8. Component missing, misrouted or improperly fastened or installed 

during manufacture. 

9. Failure of structural element (such as brackets, frames, 

bolts) holding fuel system component in place. 

10. Fuel hose or line disconnects or loosens due to clamp failure. 
VEHICLE SAFETY FUEL SYSTEM RECALLS SINCE 1966« 

DOT Recall Date of 

UlUI)l2£r E£££ll 

Ah General QQLJU 

77V-061 ^4/25/77 

Uak£ Mfid£l 

83V-114 

84V-0 87 

Mr.a£.i:.gam 

74-0102 6/7/74 

76-0001 12/30/75 

80V-164 

82V-052 

12/5/80 

5/20/82 

American itol<2r.2 QQLJU 

70-0153 12/14/70 

75-0045 

75-0056 

3/13/75 

4/7/75 

AM General FJ9 Post 

11/1/83 AM General DJ-M5 

7/27/8 4 AM General FJ8C 

Argosy 

Alfa Romeo 

Alfa Romeo 

Alfa Romeo 

American 

Motors 

American 

Motors 

American 

Motors 

24 ft. 

motor home 

Model 

l&ar 

1977 

19 83 

1984 

197 4 

116.29 Coupe 1975 

116.33 Sedan 

Spider 

Veloce 

Spider 

Veloce 

Number of 

2,270 

2,545 

4 97 

124 

631 

1977-79 6,412 

1977-81 8,582 

7108 Hornet 1971 5,704 

Sportabout 

Pacer 1975 13,676 

Matador 1975 5,063 

Wagoneer 

Cherokee 

Jeeptruck 

££f£fli 

Fuel tank may puncture 

in FMVSS 301 test ( 1) 

Pinched fuel line may 

cause FMVSS 301 failure (1) 

Fuel system may rupture 

in FMVSS 301 test (1) 

Gas tank filler 

hose dissolves (2) 

Loose clamps on 

fuel filler neck (9) 

Fuel pump may cause lack 

of power and stalling (7) 

Fuel pump may cause lack 

of power and stalling (7) 

Screws may penetrate gas 

tank (8) 

Improperly installed 

fuel line clip ( 8) 

Carburetor fuel inlet plug 

may dislodge (8) 

* Excluding heavy duty trucks, schoolbuses, motorcycles and liquid propane gas recalls. 
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7 8V-165 

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Dodge 

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Dodge 

Plymouth 

Dodge 

Plymouth 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Plymouth 

Dodge 

Plymouth 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Plymouth 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Plymouth 

B100, B200, 

B300 

Valian t 

Satelit e 

Fury 

Dart 

Corone t 

Charger 

Polar a 

w/6-cyl . 

Volar e 

Aspen 

Volar e 

Aspen 

Ligh t dut y 

truck s 

Horizo n 

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Dodge 

Truck s 

Motorhome 

Chassi s M3, 

M5, M6 

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Volar e 

1971 

1972 

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197 6 

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197 8 

1977-7 8 

197 8 

197 8 

1977-7 8 

197 8 

M4, 

1978 

197 8 

1979 

25,500 

149,056 

2,400 

241 

24,000 

3,000 

30,000 

20,000 

1 1 , 800 

14,000 

10 

13 

Fuel vapor separator (5) 

Crack in fuel pump outlet (3 

Fuel vapor return 

line misrouted (5) 

Incorrect fuel 

supply tube (8) 

Misrouted fuel 

supply line (8) 

Misrouted fuel line (8) 

Fasteners may puncture tank 

(8) 

Blockage of tank 

vent system (5) 

Improper clamping of 

carburetor fuel inlet hose 

(3) 

Fuel return 

hose misrouted (8) 

Misrouted fuel line (8) 

Rubber fuel lines 

deteriorate (2) 
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84V-150 

85V-010 

11/20/84 

1/23/85 

88V-010 1/22/88 

Chrysler 

Dodge 

Plymouth 

Dodge Truck 

LeBaron 

600 

Omni 

Charger 

Aries 

Horizon 

Turismo 

Reliant 

Ramage 

Dodge Truck Caravan 

Mini Ram 

Plymouth 

Chrysler 

Dodge 

Plymouth 

Plymouth 

Dodge 

Voyager 

1984 

1984 

1984-85 

1984-85 

1984-85 

1984-85 

1984-85 

1984-85 

19 84 

1984-85 

1984-85 

1984-85 

340,000 

New Yorker 1985 

Laser 

LeBaron 

LeBaron GTS 

600 

Daytona 

Lancer 

Omni 

Shelby Charger 

Caravell e 

Voyager 

Caravan 

Mini Ram Van 

1988 

82,500 

53,000 

375 

76-0146 9/20/76 Coachmen President 1974-76 7 62 

Statesman 

V.I.P . 

77V-063 4/29/77 Coachman 22' 

25' 

29« 

V.I.P. 1977 

President 

Statesman 

Regency 

242 

Engine compartment fuel 

reservoir may leak (3) 

Engine compartment fuel 

supply tube may crack (3) 

Engine compartment fuel 

hose may leak (10) 

Tank damage during 

manufacturer may cause 

fuel leakage (8) 

Gas tank may fall loose (9) 

Incomplete fuel system 

affords poor vapor 

recovery and leak 

detection (5) 

motorhomes 
84V-0 83 7/6/84 Sportscoach Pathfinder 1981-84 5,983 

Cross Country 

Midas ALL 

Coachman Citation 

Diplomat 

Statesman 

Ambassador 

Senator 

Regent 

President 

Shasta Roadmaster 

Fuel tank retaining straps 

may dislodge (9) 

84V-128 9/30/84 Coachman ALL 

Sportscoach ALL 

Shasta ALL 

Midas ALL 

1984-85 

1984-85 

1984-85 

1984-85 

3,173 Fuel hose lea k (3) 

CnhLH IndiiafcriAa.. Insu 

75-0109 5/30/75 Cobra Century 

Series 

1975 59 Bolts may rub and puncture 

tank (3) 

CalliH.3 AnLt21Ll£D££ QQHS^ 

87V-097 7/2/87 Collin s Ambulance 1984-87 343 Gas leak s from hol e in 

fille r neck (6) 

P-gere & £.Qm&anz 

87V-033 3/10/87 John Deere RV1000 

RV1200 

1986-87 2,018 Fuel fille r caps may bind 

befor e sealin g (6) 

£gl2ii&2£ QL Amsrlza^ Insu 

71-0231 12/16/71 DeTomaso 

El I>£JLad£ Indu^irjLe^ Insu 

73-0111 5/4/73 El Dorado 

Pantera NR 

18 ft . Boca 1973 

Raton, 18 ft 

Key West, 

18 1/2 ft San 

Juan Mini-Homes 

93 

218 

Fuel tank may crack (3) 

Bolt missing from 

gas tank mounting (9) 

74-0020 1/3/74 Executive 

Industries 

25, 28, 29 

foot motor 

homes 

197 3 124 Sludge from gas 

tank may clog valve (7) 
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13 

87V-111 

87V-113 

87V-131 

87 V-139 

7/14/87 

7/16/87 

8/11/87 

9/1/87 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

87V-144 9/9/87 

Econoline 1984-87 

Ambulances 

E-350 Vans and 

Cutaway Chassis 

Econoline 1983-87 

Ambulances 

E-350 Vans and 

Cutaway Chassis 

Crown 

Victori a 1987 

250 

GsufiJial M^JLQUS SQrssir.aS.iQn 

Mercur y 

Lincol n 

Ford 

Lincol n 

Mercur y 

Ford 

n 

Grand Marqui s 

Town Car 

Tauru s 

Mustang 

Thunderbir d 

Crown 

Victori a 

Escor t 

Econolin e 

Ranger 

Bronco I I 

F-Serie s 

Aerosta r 

Bronco 

Continenta l 

Town Car/ 

Mark VI I 

Sabl e 

Cougar 

Grand Marqui 

Lynx 

E-250 

E-350 

1988 

19 86-

19 86-

19 86-

19 86-

19 86-

s 

19 86-

1983-

•87 

.88 

•87 

• 88 

•87 

88 

•87 

16,000 

11,119 

3,600,000 

188,000 

Fuel leak at top of tank 

near vapor valve grommet 

(5) 

Fuel expulsion due to 

overpressurization (4) 

Bent fuel rail may cause 

fuel leak (8) 

Coupling connecting fuel 

line to engine may 

disconnect (10) 

Fuel system pressure 

causing fuel expulsion 

from fuel filler pipe (4P 
14 

73-0193 

74-0050 

7 6-0070 

7 6-0197 

77V-024 

77V-048 

77V-049 

77V-183 

7 8V-107 

7 8V-207 

78V-218 

79V-091 

79V-151 

79V-197 

9/24/73 

3/22/74 

5/7/76 

GMC Motor homes 1973 

2/14/77 

4/1/77 

4/1/77 

10/18/77 

5/9/78 

9/22/78 

11/7/78 

4/3/79 

6/11/79 

8/2 8/79 

Chevrolet Corvett e 

Pontiac 

Pontiac 

Opel 

Opel 

Cadilla c 

Chevrolet 

GMC 

Chevrolet 

GMC 

Chevrole t 

Chevrolet 

Pontiac 

Oldsmobile 

Buick 

Buick 

Cadilla c 

Firebir d 

11/29/76 Chevrolet Chevette 

Sunbird 

Kadett 

Kadett 

Cadilla c 

Fleetwood 

Eldorado 

Sevill e 

G20, 30 

G20, 30 

Truck P30 

P35 

Chevett e 

Citatio n 

Phoenix 

Omega 

Skylark 

Skyhawk 

Sevill e 

1974 

197 6 

1976 

1977 

1964-70 

1975 

1976 

1977 

197 8 

197 8 

19 80 

1979 

197 8 

1,436 

2,937 

365 

174,769 

314 

1968-70 128,700 

155,035 

133,419 

226 

1977-78 2,024 

197 8 

1976-77 320,000 

4,382 

42,977 

41,508 

Fuel fill line may 

crack, other leaks (3) 

Fuel tank return 

line may break (3) 

Vapor return hose may come 

loose in FMVSS 301 testd) 

Fuel cap may not seal 

during FMVSS 301 test (1) 

Fuel line may rupture 

during FMVSS 301 test (1) 

Crash may cause tail 

light mounting bolt 

to puncture fuel tank (1) 

Fuel line may come loose(10) 

Deterioration of fuel 

hoses (2) 

Fuel line may rub 

on A/C bracket (3) 

Fuel tank vent plugs 

may melt (6) 

Fuel system may not meet 

FMVSS 301 (1) 

Mispositioned fuel line (8) 

Fuel hose may rupture (8) 

Fuel hose connection 

may deteriorate (2) 
15 

82V-021 

82V-076 

82V-0 80 

82V-096 

82V-106 

83V-027 

83V-0 85 

84V-103 

3/2/8 2 

7/26/8 2 

8/ 14/ 82 

10/4/8 2 

10/26/8 2 

3/2/8 3 

8/31/8 3 

8/29/8 4 

Chevrole t 

Pontia c 

Oldsmobil e 

Buic k 

Cadilla c 

Chev role t 

Pontia c 

Buic k 

Chevrole t 

Pontia c 

Buic k 

Oldsmobil e 

Cadilla c 

Chevrole t 

Pontia c 

Chevrole t 

Pontia c 

Chevrole t 

GMT & Bus 

Buic k 

Celebrit y 

Citatio n 

Cavalie r 

6000 

Phoenix 

J-2000 

Cutlas s 

Sierr a 

Omega 

Firenz a 

Centur y 

Skylar k 

Skyhawk 

Cimarro n 

Camaro 

Z-28 

Firebir d 

Tran s AM 

Regal 

Caville r 

2000 

Skyhawk 

Firenz a 

Cimarro n 

Chevett e 

T-1000 

Chevett e 

T-1000 

P20-30 

P20-30 

LeSabre 

Electr a 

1982 

19 82 

19 82 

19 83 

1980-

19 80-

1980-

1981 -

19 82 

1984 

81 

81 

82 

82 

519,32 9 

24,455 

1,167 

12,721 

106,65 1 

491,73 6 

215 

520 

Hoses clamp s on fue l tan k 

fille r pip e can fracturedO ) 

Fue l explusio n fro m tan k 

when gas cap removed (4 ) 

Fue l inle t pip e can crac k 

( 3 ) 

Leak a t throttl e body fue l 

fee d connectio n (3 ) 

Carbureto r fue l inle t plu g 

may come ou t (8 ) 

Carbureto r fue l inle t plu g 

may come ou t ( 8) 

Fue l fille r hose may 

separat e durin g FMVSS 301 

tes t (1 ) 

Fue l retur n lin e may crac k 

( 2 ) 
16 

84V-133 

85V-034 

10/11/8 4 

3/22/8 5 

11/14/8 5 

5/21/8 7 

11/25/8 7 

GMC 

Chevrole t 

Truc k 

Buic k 

Chevrole t 

Oldsmobil e 

Pontia c 

Chevrole t 

Pontia c 

Chevrole t 

Buic k 

Pontia c 

Oldsmobil e 

P35 

P30 

G30 

Centur y 

Skylar k 

Celebrit y 

Citatio n 

Cutlas s 

Cier a 

Omega 

6000 

Phoeni x 

Capric e 

Parisienn e 

Spectru m 

Skyhawk 

Sunbir d 

Grand AM 

Firenz a 

1984 

1984 

1984 

1985 

1985-86 

1987 

11,305 

121,09 5 

27,94 2 

108,26 8 

13 1 , 47 6 

85V-151 

87V-07 8 

87 V-184 

Singl e hQH HaiJiiIsfiiurinfia. In&± 

88V-013 1/28/88 Georgi e Boy Cruiseair e 111984-86 

Excalibu r 1984-85 

Swinger 1984 

Encounter 1985-86 

Lean Machine 1986 

(Irumman QlsQn 

83V-138 12/14/83 Kubvan Trucks 

87V-036 3/10/87 Grumman OlsonKurbmaster 

Kabmaster 

Kurbette 

1983 

19 83-87 

1983-87 

1983-86 

2,000 

51 

1,806 

Fuel may leak from filler 

cap after FMVSS 301 test (1) 

Fuel leakage at the 

throttle body injection 

fuel feed pipe connection 

(10) 

Fuel line may leak (8) 

Excessive alcohol content 

in fuel causes degradation 

of fuel pump diaphragm (2) 

Fuel feed and/or return 

hose may crack or separate 

(2) 

Fuel tank pressurization 

may cause fuel explusion 

when gas cap is removed 

(4) 

Vent valve hose may cause 

FMVSS 301 failure (5) 

Clamp securing fuel filler 

hose to body is missing(8) 
17 

Gull ^ir^sm QQazh Insu 

87V-048 3/23/87 Gulf Stream 

85V-014 2/6/85 Heritage 

ti&aa A Hl&&nhardiL iZsu 

87V-142 9/3/87 Jagua r 

Uoliday Jtemklfir ££££.*. 

71-0091 4/18/7 2 Holiday 

82V-097 10/4/82 

85V-016 2/5/85 

Holiday 

Holiday 

Rambler 

87V-071 5/27/87 Isuzu 

Motorhome 1986 

Motorhome 1984 

XJ-7 1987 

Convertible 

All models 

camper and 

Motovan 

1970-7 2 

Holiday 1977-80 

Rambler 

Holiday 1977 

Ramblette 1978-80 

Monitor 1978-80 

Free Spiri t 1977-79 

Wide World 1978 

Holiday Rambler 

Van-de-Ville1980 

Monitor 

Van-d-Gran 

Hoiiday 

Rambler 

Aluma-Lite 

Monitor 

I-Mark 

533 

750 

133 

14,799 

1,663 

1983 600 

1984 

1983-84 

1983-84 

1985-86 28,509 

Fuel tank strap s could 

separat e (9) 

Fuel tank subjec t t o 

overfil l and pressur e 

buildu p (4) 

Fuel tank gauge sea l may 

fai l causin g gas lea k (2) 

Fuel supply hose may 

may crac k (3) 

Gas tank mounting brackets 

may fai l (9) 

Fuel tank may lea k a t 

seams (3) 

Excessive alcoho l conten t 

in fue l causin g fue l pump 

ri 4 n r\V, am m\ rrm /-? o < iS/tnU. " f ns u 

co 
18 

71-0107 

74-0111 

7 6-0007 

78V-015 

7 8V-016 

7 8V-045 

7 8V-060 

7 8V-0 63 

7 8V-0 80 

79V-019 

79V-045 

79V-146 

80V-024 

81V-134 

6/17/71 Triumph 

7/12/74 Triumph 

1/14/76 Jaguar 

1/17/78 Triumph 

1/17/78 Austin 

3/21/78 

1/9/79 

1/31/79 

6/7/79 

3/3/80 

Triumph 

MG 

3/1/78 

3/15/78 Jaguar 

3/20/78 Jaguar 

MG 

Triumph 

Triumph 

Stag 

TR-6 

1971 302 

1969-74 39,924 

XJ6 and XJ6C 1976 911 

Spitfire 

Marina 

Spitfire 

Midget 

XJ12L 

XJ12C 

XJS 

XJS 

Midget 

Spitfire 

Spitfire 

Jaguar 

10/22/81 Jaguar 

XJ6 

XJ6,XJS 

1971-74 36,611 

1973-74 20,661 

197 8 5,141 

197 6-77 2,200 

197 6-77 2,200 

1975-76 25,000 

197 6-7 8 17,800 

1979 

Austin Marinal186-1187 1973 

1188-1189 1974-75 

3,700 

23,000 

1979 900 

1980-82 4,630 

Filler hose may split (3) 

Fumes leak from 

evaporative loss line (5) 

Fuel pump non-return valves 

may fail causing fuel to 

syphon from one tank to 

another, causing possible 

carbon canister overflow. May 

cause FMVSS 301 failure.(5) 

Fuel line or pump leaks (3) 

Fuel tank vent 

hose may crack (3) 

Fuel line is wrong 

length (8) 

Chafing of fuel pipe (3) 

Misrouted fuel line (8) 

Misaligned fuel pipe (8) 

Kinked fuel tank 

separator hose ( 6) 

Bundy pipe to canister 

may be damaged (5) 

Fuel tank corrosion (6) 

Mispositioned fuel filter 

brackets (8) 

Fuel contamination can 

cause fuel hose connection 

to deteriorate (2) 
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23 

7 6-0151 9/21/76 

IWi.arQraLia &*.!*. 

73-0056 2/28/73 

79V-032 1/11/79 

Superior 

Starcraf t 

Sufcaru QL Am&rlSm.iu Insu 

78V-181 8/15/78 Subaru 

Subaru 

H-712905 1976 150 

H-712915 

H-712914 

C-712904 

C-712905 

C-712914 

C-712915 

Starcruise r 1971-73 83 8 

motor home 

Brat 

Statio n 

Wagon 

197 8 23,000 

1977-79 83,000 

Fuel filler tank hose 

may rupture (3) 

Straps holding fuel tank 

may fail (8) 

Fuel tank crack caused by « 

plugged orifice in .j 

evaporative control system(5)| 

Insufficient fuel tank venting may cause tank to crackCE 

85V-132 10/18/85 Subaru XT 1985 

70-0144 

87 V-199 

11/20/70 Superior 

Coach 

12/21/87 Lincol n 

u^So. Suzuki ifoiAr Gars* 

11,000 

Sjj.pjsr.ij2r QQaQh C0f 

69-0010 1/14/60 Superior Pontiac and 1968 357 

Coach Consort 

Funeral and 

Ambulance 

Motor Homes NR 159 

Funeral Cars 1986-87 28 

Fuel system air vent hose 

could leak fuel causing 

FMVSS 301 failure (5) 

Fuel tank too close to 

bumper (1) 

Fuel tank strap hangers 

fail (9) 

Fuel tank hanger welds may 

fail causing tank 

separation (9) 

u 

co 
24 

IQXQ K.Q&XQ £su+ LS.iL. 

76-0126 11/11/77 Mazda 

la^fli a HiLtar £0 ^ Lfcda. 

67-0059 6/12/67 Toyota 

70-00 83 

70-0084 

72-0014 

7 8V-002 

7 8V-200 

7 8V-249 

7/16/70 

7/17/70 

1/12/72 

9/6/78 

11/8/78 

Toyota 

Toyota 

Toyota 

12/21/77 Toyota 

Toyota 

Toyota 

RX 3 Sedan 1967 

Coupe, SW 

Corona 

Crown 1970 

Hi-Lux 1970 

With 1900cc 

8R engines 

Hilux 1978 

Iraxzl £flialpmfijiJi Corp. 

72-0009 12/7/71 Travel Mini Home 1971 

Equipment 

78V-192 9/5/78 Trave l 166 Type A 197 6-7 8 

motorhome 

u&£ IJic.£rj2o.ra.t£d.». Baa-tram JLUjLsiQn 

78E-014 5/10/78 36 gallo n optiona l tank Dodge 

Veravan Plymouth Buccaneer 

conversion of B2 and B3 

compact wagons 

2,034 

1966-67 12,500 

974 

Hi-Lux 

Corolla 

1200, 1600 

Corona 

Corona 

1970 

1971 

1969 

197 8 

4,200 

110,614 

131,046 

5,700 

5,317 

157 

43 

210 

Misrouted fuel line (8) 

Inadequate fuel line 

protection from rocks (3) 

Fuel hose leak due to 

improper crimping (8) 

Fuel line leak (10) 

Malfunction in 

evaporative control 

system (5) 

Road salt causing fuel 

tank corrosion (3) 

Valve spring seat may 

may dislodge causing 

stalling (7) 

Side panel welds may cause 

FMVSS 301 failure (1) 

Improperly sealed fill 

pipe/vent tube (8) 

Bolts holding fuel tank 

supports may fail (9) 

Fasteners may penetrate 

fuel tank (8) 
25 

Uiiliju^isr £ar.p_i. 

82V-103 10/1/82 Util-I-Va n 

laOmiSlX Cfij. 

78V-112 5/17/78 Vesely 

1979-80 

Motorhomes 1977-78 

iQlkanag&n QL AmsnlQ+u Insu 

67-0099 10/17/67 Volkswagen Type 1 sedans1968 

(Type 11 , 14, 15) 

67-0100 

70-0121 

70-0142 

71-0203 

73-0107 

73-0171 

74-0211 

81V-039 

81V-058 

84V-152 

85V-090 

86V-029 

10/17/67 Volkswagen Type 1-sedans1968 

including Convertibles 

9/29/70 

11/5/70 

11/5/71 

5/2/73 

8/13/73 

11/5/74 

3/19/81 

5/11/81 

and Karmann Ghias 

Volkswagen Super Beetle 1971 

Volkswagen Type 1,2 

Volkswagen Type 3 

Volkswagen Type 181 

Volkswagen Model 14 

Karmann Ghia 

Volkswagen Type 1 

Audi 4000 

Volkswagen Rabbit 

Pickup 

11/16/84 Volkswagen Scirocco 

Convertibl e 

7/17/85 Volkswagen Scirocco 

2/14/86 Volkswagen Gol f 

270 

102 

18,042 

24,438 

4,90 0 

1971 

197 2 

1973 

196 8-

1975 

19 80-

1981 

1980 

1981 

19 85 

1985 

72 

81 

6,500 

869 

1,200 

1 12,000 

16,000 

24,000 

133,000 

4,000 

20,560 

1985-86 77,000 

Welds on fue l tank mounting 

bracket s may fai l (9) 

Missing hose clamp (8) 

Improper seal between fue l 

tank and ventilatio n tube(8) 

Cracks i n fue l tank 

breathe r tube (3) 

Gas cap may not 

seat properl y (8) 

Fuel hose chaffin g (3) 

Fuel lin e chaffin g (3) 

Wrong gas cap (8) 

Gas vapors may enter 

passenger compartment (6) 

Loose injector hose clamps 

(10) 

Rear side member could 

damage fuel tank in 

accident (1) 

Increased fuel tank 

tank pressure (4) 

Fuel hose can disconnect 

(10) 

Fuel pump may fail causing 

stalling (7) 

Fuel tank may leak after 

FMVSS 301 test (1) 
P.89 

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79V-132 5/24/79 Vol vo 

ttlnn&ha&si 

75-0090 

75-0112 

75-0164 

78V-155 

81V-149 

83V-113 

85V-141 

87V-155 

5/7/75 

5/30/75 

8/27/75 

6/24/78 

12/15/81 

11/3/83 

10/25/85 

9/2 8/87 

Itasca 

Winnebago 

Itasca 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Itasca 

Winnebago 

Itasca 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Itasca 

142, 144, 1974 

145, 242, 

242, 244, 1975 

245, 164 

C25A and C27A 1975 

motorhome 

Itasca C25A 1975 

and C27A 

Motor home 1975 

25' & 27f 

121,000 

VW3LGRN 

VW5LGRT 

Chieftain 

SunfIyer 

197 8 

1979-80 

1981-82 

LeSharo 

Centauri 

Phasar 

Commercial Van 

19 83-84 

ALL 

ALL 

Chieftain 

Elanden 

Sunflyer 

Windcruiser 

1984-85 

19 84 

19 85-87 

129 

229 

496 

12 

1,7 83 

1,567 

2 85 

9,041 

High fuel tank pressure 

may cause solder to fail (4) 

Fuel tank contamination (7) 

Fuel line degradation (2) 

Fuel tank spillage may 

result from evaporative 

emission system failure (5) 

Screws may have punctured 

fuel tank (8) 

Filler pipe improperly 

sealed (8) 

Full tank may overflow 

during refilling (6) 

Battery short may cause 

fuel leak (6) 

Fuel expulsion from 

fuel filler neck (4) 
T , •. -J -

APPENDIX B 

FAULT CODES USED BY NHTSA IN CODING CONSUMER COMPLAINTS 

00...Unknown *->..."cor performance 

01...Asscabl>' 45.. .Recall campaign, dented 

02...Bent 46...Recti! campaign, parts 

03...Broken 47...Recall ca=?algn, poor 

04...Burned 48...Recall notice not received 

05...Burat ouc 49...Xustcc/Corroded 

06...Chafes 30...Scored 

07...Coacaalnsced 31...Slips 

OS...Cracked/Split 52...Stability 

09...Cuc/~ora 53...Scieks/Crabs 

10...Design 54...Thraa<i failure 

11.. .Diacanr.ectsd 55.. -Vlbra: Ion 

12...Distorted 36...Weak 

13. ..Dirty 57. ..tVar, excessive 

14...Erratic operatlan 5S...Utjr, uneven 

15...Excessive effort 59...Vnid/Soldcr broken 

16...Explosion, fluid 60...Urcnr, part 

17...Explosion, liquid prepane gas 61...Blister 

18...Explosion, gasoline 62...Blawoue. sidsvali 

19...Fades 63.. .Blowout, trej-i 

20...Fascner failure 64...Separation (ply, tread) 

21...Fell off/Apart 65..^feathering 

22...fire, fluid 66...Ir.f creation 

23...fire, liquid propane gas 67...Preparation 

24...fire, gasoline 63...S«=alrs 

25... fire, other 69.. .'-aranr/ 

26...Floods 70...Standard 

27...Fogg*d 71...Regulation 

28...Inoperative 72...Lscaelon 

29...Improperly adjusted 73...Short, electrical 

30...Improperly routed 74...Fire, electrical 

31...Junped cut of gear 75...Overweight 

32...Leaks 76...Collapse 

33...Locks uo 77...Stalls 

34...Loose 78...laproper heac treatment 

35...Misaligned 79...Loss of concrel 

36.. JUaalag/Oolcced 80...3oea noc meet specifications 

37...Nois7 81...Incorrect aacerlals 

38...Odor, exauat fuaes 82...Electrical shock 

39...Odor, gaaoline 83...Iaprsperly Installed 

40...Odor, ocher 84...Blowout, general 

41...Over haaced 83...Poor dlreetlocal coeerol: venders 

&2-..Ouc of roucd 99- . .Tztiaisa ai tafsra&clon Ac: 

43...Poor fit 

P.91 
P.92 

APPENDIX C 

NHTSA COMPONENT SYSTEM CLASSIFICATIONS 

1. Steering Assembly 

2. Suspension 

3. Service Brakes 

4. Parking-Emergency Brakes 

5. Engine and Cooling System 

6. Fuel Carburetion, Injection, Throttle Control and Linkages 

and Exhaust 

7. Power Train 

8. Electrical Systems 

9. Lighting and Communications Systems 

10. Visual Systems 

11. Heater, Defroster, Defogger and Ventilation 

12. Interior Systems 

13. Structure 

14. Equipment 
P.93 

APPENDIX D 

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION SYSTEM COMPLAINTS IN NHTSA DATA BASE 

NHTSA 

COMPLAINT NUMBER 

1. H56279 

2. H59564 

3. H60627 

A. H60877 

5. H61973 

6. H62684 

7. H6A021 

8. H65443 

9. H66095 

10. H72499 

11. H76619 

12. H79837 

13. H80091 

14. H87443 

15. H88797 

DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM 

Vapor vent cracked causing gas to leak 

during refueling. 

Purge valve not working, car hard to start. 

Stalling caused by carburetor and carbon 

canister "filling with gas." 

Purge valve repaired because it was 

"dumping raw fuel right into the engine." 

Parked vehicle caught fire two weeks later, 

owner suspects catalytic converter." 

Plastic carburetor float deteriorated and 

caused flooding. Canister replaced after 

becoming "saturated with gas and ruined." 

Vent tube clogged, caused pressure build-up. 

Valve in vent line plugged. 

Canister "deteriorated and cracked from 

Arizona extreme heat — resulting in filling 

the complete interior of car with gasoline 

fumes." 

Purge canister took in too much gas. 

"Canister purge valve" mentioned. No 

details given. 

"Purge valve, canister and "decel" valve 

replaced. 

"I believe vapor canister hose "came in 

contact with exhaust manifold" causing 

engine compartment fire. No injuries. 

Gas odor attributed to charcoal canister. 

Fitting between canister and carburetor 

caused engine compartment fire. No injuries. 

Carbon canister replaced to alleviate gas 

odor problem caused by removal of EGR valve 

vacuum line. Repair did not: remedy condition, 
P.94 

16. H90607 

17. H95166 

18. H96449 

19. H97780 

20. 

21. 

22. 

26. 

27. 

H98697 

H99212 

116822 

23. 120127 

24. 123317 

25. 127967 

128379 

135443 

Stalling caused by gas pouring out of 

Vehicle later caught fire when jump si 

attempted. 

"Canister replaced because it has gas 

it from 'overfilling the gas tank'." 

Overfilling fuel tank causes gas to li 

from canister hose when car parked on 

Fire "started in the charcoal filter c 

gas backing up through the lines from 

filling the tank to the rim." No injt 

Charcoal canister mounting strap broke 

Engine compartment fire around charcoa 

canister listed without explanation. 

Check engine light came on. Dealer s£ 

emission control canister needed repl. 

Did not specify if vapor canister or c 

Charcoal canister replaced due to pooi 

performance. 

Charcoal canister replaced to alleviat 

stalling and hard starting. Repair di 

not help. Later told it was caused by 

vapors in carburetor. 

Repeated engine problems including 

overheating and blown motor. Charcoal 

canister disconnected and plugged duri 

one of repairs. 

Charcoal canister burned out due to 

"vapors and foaming gasoline." causing 

loss of power and stalling. 

Cracked charcoal canister caused fuel 

Charcoal canister replaced to alleviat 

gas odors. 
P.95 

APPENDIX E 

Key To Center for Auto Safety Analysis of Fuel Complaints 

In analyzing consumer complaints relating to fuel and fuel 

systems, the Center used the following classification and coding 

scheme. 

S — Fuel spurting or spraying out the filler neck due to fuel 

overpressurization and boiling, particularly when the filler cap is 

removed. Does not include release of vapors or small quantities of 

entrained droplets. 

P — Overpressurized fuel as indicated by "swoosh" when filler 

cap removed, hissing from tank with cap in place, boiling of fuel or 

gurgling from tank when cap removed, and gas smell in conjuntion with 

any of the other indicators. 

V — Vapor lock or fuel foaming with stalling and poor 

driveability. 

D — Degradation of fuel system component linked to fuel use 

which causes performance problem such as stalling or fuel leakage. 

Does not include mechanical failure of fuel pump but does include 

fuel degradation of pump diagraphm as well as gas tank buckling and 

evaporative cannister overloading caused by fuel pressure. 

A — Statement that alcohol fuel caused performance problem. 

This code is used in conjunction with another code where the 

performance problem is described — i.e., V-A is vapor lock or fuel 

foaming caused by alcohol fuel use. 

F — Fire resulted from one of the above described problems. 

This code is used in conjunction with the causative code — i.e., S-F 

is a fire caused by fuel spurting. 

I — Accident resulted from one of the above described problems. 

This code is used in conjunction wtih the causative code — i.e., V-l 

is a accident caused by vapor lock. 

L — Fuel leak resulting from one of the above described 

problems. This code is used in conjunction with the causative code-

- i.e., P-L is a fuel leak caused by an overpressurized fuel tank. 

CC — Abreviation used for charcoal canister to trap evaporative 

emissions. 

* — When used in conjunction with one of the above codes, the 

complaint reports an injury caused by accident, fire or gasoline 

spraying into eyes. 

** — When used in conjunction with one of the above codes, the 

complaint reports a death. 
P.96 

-2-

If the problem occurred away from the complainant's address such 

as on a trip, the place of the problem was used. 

Where the consumer reported multiple occurrences of the same 

problem such as vapor lock occuring on three separate dates, only one 

incident was coded. If a consumer reported multiple, different 

fuel problems, one of each category was coded. If the consumer 

reported problems with different vehicles, each vehicle was coded 

separately as long as adequate information was provided for each. 

The Center used the following priority for coding the date. 

1. Where there was a fire, accident or injury reported, the 

date of the event was. used. 

2. Where the consumer reported the problem had existed from the 

first day of use, the date of purchase was used. 

3. Where the consumer reported the problem occurred during hot 

weather, the month used was July with the day being 00, and the year 

being the year of the first July after purchase. 

4. Where there was no fire, accident, injury or hot weather 

problem, the date when the problem occurred or first occurred (if 

multiple occurrences) was used. 

5. If no date could be established using criteria 1-4, then the 

date of the complaint was used. If the writer indicated the problem 

occurred a specified time before writing, that date was used. 

6. If no date could be established using criteria 1-4 and the 

complaint was undated, the postmark was used. If no postmark, the 

date of NHTSA receipt was used. 
P.97 

(APPENDIX E CONTINUED) 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0841 

0970 

0850 

0429 

0367 

0069 

0995 

0849 

0044 

0996 

0742 

0063 

0962 

0157 

0018 

0981 

0865 

0236 

0146 

0920 

0206 

0778 

0025 

0043 

0924 

0871 

H49195 

H49198 

H51432 

H51742 

H52828 

H55503 

H55584 

H55822 

H56090 

H56279 

H56703 

H56812 

H57597 

H57770 

H57890 

H58857 

H58900 

H58914 

H59087 

H59291 

H59564 

H59650 

H59828 

H59872 

H59962 

H60126 

7-17-82 

7-20-82 

7-29-82 

8-23-82 

8-17-83 

3-03-83 

3-18-83 

3-29-83 

3-22-83 

4-08-83 

4-17-83 

4-05-83 

5-05-83 

7-00-80 

5-13-83 

6-23-83 

6-13-83 

6-13-83 

6-28-83 

7-00-82 

7-08-83 

7-13-83 

7-18-83 

8-02-83 

8-01-83 

8-02-83 

San Antonio TX 

Black Mtn NC 

Goleta CA 

Valleio CA 

Smyrna GA 

Bradenton FL 

Newark DE 

Lake Tahoe CA 

Toledo OH 

Lake Havas AZ 

Macuncve PA 

Louisville CO 

Pittsburgh PA 

Harahan LA 

College Park MD 

Hebron IN 

Clavton MO 

Arvada CO 

Pittsburgh PA 

Mattapan MA 

Burke VA 

Watertown NY 

Metamora IN 

Culver IN 

Cincinnati OH 

Lovell WY 

80 

82 

78 

82 

83 

83 

76 

80 

81 

77 

82 

82 

83 

83 

83 

81 

80 

81 

81 

81 

82 

83 

83 

80 

80 

80 

Pont Firebird 

Buick Skvlark 

Pont Grand Prix 

Ford Mustana GT 

Ford E350 

Tovota Corolla 

Chev Chevette 

VW Vanagon 

Dodge Omni 

Nissan B210 

Merc Lvnx 

Honda 

Tovota Tercel 

Toyota Corona 

Dodge Ram 

Mazda GLC 

VW Rabbit 

Plym Reliant 

Dodge Aries 

Subaru GL 

Ford Mustang 

Merc Lynx 

Plvm Horizon 

Dodge Mirada 

Yamaha XS 

VW Rabbit 

P 

P 

P 

D-A 

P 

V 

V 

V 

V 

D-L 

P-L 

V 

P-L 

P-L 

D+V 

S 

P-L 

V 

V 

V 

V 

P-L 

D-A 

P 

S 

P-L 
P.98 

CAS# 

0052 

0763 

0822 

0136 

0444 

0804 

0205 

0982 

0072 

0928 

0199 

0250 

0909 

0045 

0976 

0842 

0906 

0872 

0023 

0073 

0418 

0896 

0873 

0948 

0845 

0055 

ODI# 

H60301 

H60467 

H60627 

H60766 

H60774 

H60794 

H60844 

H60877 

H60916 

H61017 

H61041 

H61168 

H61170 

H61215 

H61240 

H61252 

H61448 

H61569 

H61948 

H61973 

H61988 

H62087 

H62187 

H62209 

H62493 

H62575 

DATE 

8-16-83 

8-18-83 

8-17-83 

8-24-83 

8-22-83 

8-22-83 

8-25-83 

6-29-83 

3-02-83 

8-31-83 

8-30-83 

8-26-83 

8-16-83 

9-06-83 

9-08-83 

9-05-83 

7-00-82 

9-22-83 

9-05-83 

9-10-83 

7-04-83 

7-00-83 

10-29-83 

5-00-83 

6-00-83 

10-17-83 

LOCATION 

Hardin IL 

Roanoke VA 

Downingtown PA 

Akron OH 

Tucson AZ 

Cortland OH 

Deland FL 

Holvoke MA 

Matawan NJ 

Evergreen CO 

Diamond Ctv AR 

Memphis TN 

Nehawka NE 

Mentor OH 

Springfield MO 

Wvandotte MI 

Fountain CO 

Trov MI 

Crane IN 

Monrovia CA 

Alabama 

Palo Alto CA 

Panama Ctv FL 

Fairfax VA 

Southfield MI 

Churchville PA 

MKR/MDL/YR 

82 

76 

83 

83 

83 

83 

83 

82 

80 

79 

81 

81 

82 

81 

83 

82 

77 

80 

81 

80 

83 

81 

80 

80 

83 

80 

Dodge 400 

Ford F250 

Chev Silverado 

Chry LeBaron 

Tioga Motorhome 

Chev Truck 

Ford LTD SW 

Chev Caprice 

Honda Prelude 

Datsun 280ZX 

Plvm Horizon 

VW Pickup 

VW Scirocco 

Dodge Omni 

Chev Camaro Z28 

Pont Firebird 

VW Rabbit 

VW Rabbit 

Plym Horizon 

Honda Prelude 

Ford Cnty Sguire 

VW Rabbit 

vw Rabbit 

Saab 900T 

Pont Trans Am 

Honda Accord 

2 

TYPE 

P 

S+P 

V-CC 

V-A 

V 

D-L 

S 

V-CC-F 

D 

S 

V 

S+P-L 

S 

V 

s+v 

S+P 

V 

S+P 

V 

D-CC 

P 

S 

P-L 

P-L 

P 

D 
P.99 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0133 

0777 

0775 

0913 

0908 

0904 

0240 

0056 

0874 

0875 

0897 

0350 

0790 

0860 

0152 

0983 

0799 

0207 

0440 

0898 

0914 

0091 

0969 

0949 

0188 

0195 

H62583 

H62618 

H62684 

H62686 

H62778 

H62828 

H62860 

H62974 

H63015 

H63023 

H63030 

H63038 

H63309 

H63310 

H63370 

H63497 

H64021 

H64193 

H64216 

H64253 

H64254 

H64632 

H64831 

H65043 

H65123 

H65138 

9-10-83 

10-08-83 

6-30-83 

7-17-81 

11-00-83 

11-18-83 

10-04-83 

11-14-83 

10-07-83 

11-14-83 

11-02-83 

6-14-83 

12-03-83 

11-00-83 

9-00-83 

11-10-83 

7-03-83 

7-00-83 

7-00-81 

1-15-84 

5-12-84 

9-00-80 

6-00-83 

9-00-83 

6-00-83 

Jackson MI 

Indianapolis IN 

Norfolk VA 

McKinnev TX 

Lebanon NJ 

Fenton MO 

Erie PA 

Daleville VA 

Meriden CT 

Alexandria LA 

Auburndale MA 

Wever IA 

Coram NY 

Lavale MD 

Nutlev NJ 

Ada OK 

Saginaw MI 

83 

82 

82 

80 

80 

83 

83 

80 

80 

80 

81 

82 

81 

78 

83 

82 

80 

DUPLICATE H59564 

Roscoe IL 

N. Haledon NJ 

San Jose CA 

Baltimore MD 

Boston MA 

Dunedin FL 

Galesburg IL 

Largo FL 

78 

81 

80 

84 

80 

80 

81 

83 

Chrv E-Class 

Chev Citation 

Chev Citation 

VW Pickup 

VW Scirocco 

VW Rabbit 

Plym Turismo 

Honda Accord 

VW Rabbit 

VW Rabbit 

VW Rabbit 

Ford E350 Mtrhme 

VW Rabbit 

VW Rabbit 

Dodge Aries 

Chev Caprice 

Chev Pickup 

Ford RV 

VW Rabbit 

VW Pickup 

Honda Civic 

VW Rabbit 

Saab 900GLI 

Jamboree Mtrhme 

Plvm Grand Furv 

V 

D-L 

S+P+D 

P 

S+P 

P-L 

V 

D 

P 

P-L 

P-L 

V 

D-L 

V 

V 

D 

P 

V 

S+P 

D-L 

P 

P-L 

P 

S+P 

V 
P.100 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR 

0193 

0104 

0208 

0973 

0092 

0967 

0245 

0899 

0430 

0876 

0963 

0953 

0115 

0915 

0167 

0087 

0090 

0877 

0878 

0084 

0333 

0154 

0074 

0879 

0030 

0200 

H65149 

H65282 

H65443 

H65483 

H65789 

H66095 

H66139 

H66174 

H66184 

H66328 

H66519 

H66664 

H66675 

H66694 

H67144 

H67389 

H67391 

H67515 

H67658 

H67664 

H67785 

H67881 

H68004 

H68008 

H68019 

H68213 

1-15-84 

3-05-82 

6-00-83 

2-06-84 

1-15-84 

2-14-84 

9-00-83 

6-00-83 

6-00-83 

6-00-83 

6-00-83 

6-00-83 

9-15-83 

6-00-83 

4-17-84 

4-23-84 

8-00-83 

5-04-84 

6-00-83 

4-25-84 

8-05-82 

5-17-84 

5-22-84 

5-21-84 

5-24-84 

6-00-83 

Sebring FL 

West Haven CT 

Mesa AZ 

San Jose CA 

Pretty Prairie KS 

Milwaukee WI 

Galesburg IL 

Angola NY 

Round Lake IL 

Lawndale NC 

Glastonburv CT 

Arvada CO 

Newark OH 

Ardmore AL 

St Clair Shrs MI 

Parma OH 

Redding CA 

Petersburg VA 

Schaumberg IL 

Kalamazoo MI 

La Mesa CA 

Rochester MN 

Glen Arm MD 

Portland OR 

Henderson KY 

Prior Lake MN 

75 

76 

80 

81 

84 

81 

79 

81 

82 

80 

82 

82 

82 

80 

74 

84 

83 

80 

80 

83 

81 

83 

80 

80 

84 

81 

Plvm Custom 

Jeep Wagoneer 

Ford T-Bird 

Chev Camaro 

Honda CRX 

Buick Skvlark 

Jambore Mtrhme 

vw Rabbit 

Ford Mustang GT 

VW Rabbit 

Travelcraft Mtrhn 

Mazda GLC 

Plvm Reliant 

Chev Pickup 

Plvm Valiant 

Honda Accord 

Honda Civic 

VW Rabbit 

VW Rabbit 

Honda Accord 

Holidav Rmblr Mti 

Plvm 

Honda Prelude 

VW Rabbit 

Dodge Aries 

Plvm Horizon TC3 
p.1 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0933 

0057 

0431 

0880 

0881 

0966 

0173 

0425 

0088 

0900 

0987 

0147 

0958 

0130 

0421 

0046 

0927 

0936 

0041 

0155 

0988 

0938 

0001 

0806 

0070 

0911 

H68275 

H68512 

H68597 

H68641 

H68753 

H68849 

H69029 

H69124 

H69130 

H69159 

H69161 

H69174 

H69608 

H69710 

H69927 

H70515 

H70527 

H71056 

H71079 

H71111 

H71156 

H71210 

H71529 

H71686 

H71871 

H71886 

5-22-84 

6-00-83 

6-18-84 

6-25-84 

6-00-81 

8-21-70 

6-27-84 

6-25-84 

6-22-84 

6-29-84 

6-23-84 

7-02-84 

7-17-84 

6-00-83 

6-07-84 

6-00-81 

7-24-84 

7-13-84 

8-16-84 

6-00-83 

7-30-84 

6-17-84 

8-30-84 

8-12-82 

9-16-84 

9-24-84 

Tollhouse CA 

Denver CO 

Houston TX 

Elk Grove Via IL 

Garden Citv KS 

Santa Cruz CA 

Astoria NY 

Indianapolis IN 

So. River NJ 

Miami FL 

Oakland CA 

Ellenwood GA 

Pincknev MI 

Vernon CT 

Washington DC 

Toledo OH 

Indianapolis IN 

Dover PA 

Brewster NY 

Howell MI 

Los Gatos CA 

Des Plaines IL 

Bethpaae NY 

Spokane WA 

Woodcliff Lake NJ 

Berkelev CA 

83 

80 

82 

80 

80 

69 

82 

83 

77 

81 

83 

81 

77 

78 

84 

81 

83 

83 

82 

81 

84 

84 

84 

82 

84 

79 

Nissan Sentra 

Honda Accord 

Ford Mustana GLX 

VW Rabbit 

VW Rabbit 

Buick Skvlark 

Ford Escort 

Ford Granada 

Honda Civic 

VW Rabbit 

Peugeot 505 

Dodge Aries 

Tovota Celica 

BMW 320i 

Ford LTD Crown Vic 

Dodge Omni 

Nissan 200 SX 

Renault 

Dodqe Dipolmat 

Plym Reliant 

Peugeot 505 

Renault Fuego 

Dodge Diplomat 

Aluma Mtrhme 

Peugeot 505 

VW Microbus 

V 

V 

V 

P-L 

V+S+P 

S 

S 

S+P 

V-F 

P-L 

D-L 

V 

V+D 

V 

V 

V 

S+P 

S+P 

V+P 

V 

D-L 

S+P 

P-L 

P 

D-L 

D-L 
P.2 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0977 

0106 

0744 

0835 

0964 

0847 

0253 

0102 

0002 

0141 

0952 

0066 

0158 

0922 

0802 

0089 

0031 

0094 

0690 

0985 

0901 

0048 

0816 

0951 

0080 

0882 

H71997 

H72117 

H72385 

H72499 

H72588 

H72636 

H72706 

H73011 

H73290 

H73292 

H73360 

H73783 

H73889 

H73983 

H74101 

H74496 

H74525 

H74681 

H74770 

H74801 

H74969 

H75086 

H75140 

H75206 

H75567 

H75725 

6-00-83 

7-00-84 

6-00-84 

9-01-84 

9-25-84 

6-00-84 

5-30-84 

9-17-84 

10-01-84 

6-00-84 

11-05-84 

8-26-83 

5-00-83 

8-00-84 

9-00-84 

10-00-84 

6-00-84 

6-00-84 

8-01-84 

9-00-83 

5-12-84 

6-00-83 

3-11-85 

5-00-84 

5-27-83 

6-00-84 

El Paso TX 

Cedar Rapids IA 

Canton OH 

Highland Hgts OH 

Maple Grove MN 

Elizabeth NJ 

Pahrumo NV 

Madison WI 

Bethpage NY 

Lansing MI 

Spartanburg SC 

Lawrence KS 

Bel Air MD 

Rockwood PA 

Memphis TN 

Mystic CT 

Aurura CO 

Arlington TX 

Tiburon CA 

Caldwell ID 

Buffalo Grove IL 

Lakewood CO 

Woodbridge VA 

E. Dubuque IL 

Arlington VA 

Anacoco LA 

83 

83 

76 

81 

81 

84 

84 

82 

84 

84 

77 

83 

83 

Chev Camaro Z-28 

BMW 528E 

Merc Monarch 

Olds Cutlass 

Buick Regal 

Pont Firebird 

Pace Arrow Mtrhome 

AMC Concord 

Dodge Diplomat 

Chrv New Yorker 

VW Rabbit 

Honda Accord 

Plvm Reliant 

83 Winn LeSharo Mtrhme 

84 

79 

84 

84 

84 

77 

84 

83 

85 

79 

83 

80 

Peugeot 505 

Honda Accord 

Dodge Aries 

Honda Prelude 

Peugeot 505 

Volvo 264 

Renault Fuego 

Dodge Charger 

Chev Suburban 

Subaru DL 

Mazda GLC 

VW Rabbit 

P 

V 

S+P 

D-CC 

D 

V 

P 

D-F 

H+P-A 

V 

P-L 

V 

V 

P-L 

D-L 

P 

V 

P 

D-L 

D-A 

S+P 

V 

P-L 

P+D 

V 

P 
P.3 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0776 

0854 

0986 

0930 

0077 

0162 

0993 

0853 

0939 

0438 

0148 

0067 

0745 

0746 

0960 

0135 

0422 

0096 

0792 

0156 

0825 

0368 

0452 

0954 

0009 

0798 

H75958 

H76619 

H76631 

H76673 

H76676 

H76708 

H76735 

H76861 

H76955 

H77030 

H77298 

H77482 

H77670 

H77811 

H77909 

H77942 

H78017 

H78024 

H78051 

H78174 

H78240 

H78248 

H78357 

H78417 

H78584 

H78607 

6-00-84 

4-05-85 

7-00-82 

3-01-85 

3-28-85 

4-13-85 

5-13-85 

9-01-84 

4-20-85 

9-13-82 

6-00-84 

7-09-85 

6-18-85 

6-01-85 

6-19-85 

6-00-84 

5-01-85 

4-05-85 

6-00-85 

6-00-85 

6-29-85 

6-00-85 

7-03-85 

7-18-85 

7-21-85 

6-00-85 

Bel Air MD 

Norcross GA 

Florida 

Old Bridge NJ 

Ocala FL 

Va Beach VA 

Peekskill NY 

Reading MA 

Frackville PA 

Flushing OH 

Clinton IA 

New Orleans LA 

San Angelo TX 

Baltimore MD 

Newton MA 

Tarpon Springs FL 

Owincrs Mill MD 

Burnsville MN 

Woburn MA 

Minnetonka MN 

Denver CO 

Baxter Springs KS 

Twin Falls ID 

Albugueroue NM 

Beaverton OR 

Richardson TX 

81 

81 

82 

82 

83 

84 

85 

83 

84 

82 

81 

84 

84 

85 

85 

82 

84 

85 

85 

81 

84 

83 

85 

83 

84 

82 

Chev Citation 

Pont T-1000 

Chev Cavalier 

Tovota Tercel 

Ren Alliance 

Plvm Reliant 

Chev Celebritv 

Saab 900 

Ren Fuego Turbo 

Ford T-Bird 

Dodge Aries 

Peugeot 505 

Chev Impala 

Buick Centurv 

Toyota Cressida 

Chry LeBaron 

Ford Escort 

Jeeo Cherokee 

Chevy S-10 Blazer 

Plym Reliant 

GMC Jimmv 

Ford Econoline 

Ford E150 

Mazda GLC 

Dodge Charger 

Chev G30 Van 

P 

D-CC 

D 

D-L 

V 

V 

P 

D 

S+P 

P-L 

V 

D 

V 

P-L 

P-L 

V 

P 

D-A 

V 

V 

V 

P-L 

S+P 

P 

D-L 

V 
P.4 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYF 

0099 

0061 

0453 

0040 

0957 

0116 

0100 

0680 

0905 

0246 

0098 

0687 

0791 

0965 

0142 

0935 

0032 

0803 

0159 

0883 

0693 

0902 

0793 

0989 

0810 

0646 

H78622 

H78653 

H78676 

H78766 

H78871 

H78885 

H78949 

H79088 

H79089 

H79126 

H79156 

H79527 

H79674 

H79837 

H79890 

H79924 

H80066 

H80077 

H80091 

H80091 

H80460 

H80639 

H80723 

H80769 

H80842 

H80955 

6-04-85 

6-00-85 

7-22-85 

6-00-83 

9-01-84 

7-15-85 

7-29-85 

8-07-85 

5-00-85 

6-00-84 

9-19-85 

7-00-84 

7-02-85 

7-20-85 

8-21-85 

9-00-85 

9-00-85 

4-00-85 

9-00-85 

7-01-85 

7-00-85 

9-23-85 

10-27-85 

7-00-85 

1-27-86 

San Pedro CA 

Littleton CO 

Lovell WY 

E. Peoria IL 

Ballston NY 

New Kensington PA 

Beaverton OR 

Pittsburgh PA 

Annandale VA 

Rochester NY 

85 

81 

85 

80 

84 

82 

85 

83 

83 

84 

BMW K100 

Honda Accord 

Ford E150 

Dodge Diplomat 

Toyota Camry 

Dodge Aries 

BMW K100 

Renault Fuego 

VW Rabbit 

Plvm Vovager 

DUPLICATE H74969 

Houston TX 

Denver CO 

Lodi CA 

Moline IL 

Scott AFB IL 

Eatonton GA 

Granville OH 

Girard OH 

Winston Salem NC 

Sarasota FL 

Macv IN 

Midvale UT 

Hallandale FL 

Seattle WA 

Medford MA 

80 

83 

79 

85 

85 

84 

77 

83 

80 

83 

81 

85 

83 

85 

84 

Subaru DL 

Chev S-10 

Buick Riviera 

Chry 5th Ave 

Peugeot 505 

Dodge Aries 

Chev Pickup 

Plvm Reliant 

VW Rabbit 

Merc Col Park 

VW Rabbit 

Chev S-10 Blazer 

Isuzu I—Mark 

Pinnacle Mtrhme 

Peugeot 505 

F 

D 

S 

F 

P 

V 

P 

S 

D 

P 

V 

V 

DV 

S 

V 

D 

V 

S 

D 

S 

V 

P 

S 

D 
P.5 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0290 

0679 

01860 

0794 

0917 

0101 

0149 

0153 

0185 

0446 

0947 

0257 

0884 

0110 

0111 

0024 

0027 

0137 

0150 

0239 

0028 

0126 

0109 

0681 

0889 

0811 

H80995 

H81070 

H81201 

H81361 

H81491 

H81592 

H81797 

H81872 

H81929 

H82141 

H82164 

H82447 

H82594 

H82643 

H82644 

H82664 

H83003 

H83015 

H83059 

H83060 

H83100 

H83158 

H83182 

H83422 

H83497 

H83505 

8-00-83 

8-19-85 

7-00-85 

5-00-85 

7-00-84 

7-23-87 

1-29-86 

5-18-83 

7-00-85 

5-11-85 

9-00-83 

7-00-85 

9-21-84 

7-00-85 

7-00-82 

7-00-85 

5-09-83 

7-00-84 

7-00-84 

4-00-84 

7-00-83 

7-00-83 

7-00-83 

7-00-84 

11-01-85 

7-00-85 

Putnam CT 

Mt. Haleakala HI 

Newburgh NY 

Aurora CO 

Rockford IL 

Aurora CO 

Rockville MD 

Old Bethpage NY 

Independence MO 

Lvndburst NJ 

Austin TX 

Los Angeles CA 

Hamtramack MI 

Hinsdale IL 

Chicago IL 

Portage IN 

Staten Island NY 

Irvine CA 

Sacramento CA 

Fontana CA 

Lake Hopatcong NJ 

Rockaway NJ 

La Canada CA 

Kansas City MO 

Miami FL 

82 

85 

85 

85 

76 

86 

81 

83 

81 

85 

83 

85 

80 

82 

82 

81 

83 

84 

81 

84 

83 

82 

82 

84 

84 

Ford E250 V 

Ford E350 Van P+V+S-F* 

Dodge D350 

Chev S-10 Blazer 

Volvo DL 

Ford E350 

Dodge Aries 

Dodge Aries 

Tioga Mtrhme 

Porsche 944 

Renault 18i 

Tioga Mtrhme 

VW Rabbit 

Chry LeBaron 

Chrv 5th Ave 

Plvm Horizon 

Dodge Aries 

Chry LeBaron 

Dodge Aries 

Plym Reliant 

Dodge Aries 

Dodge Diplomat 

Chrv LeBaron 

Ford F150 

Volvo 

Lakeview Terrace CA 85 Pinnacle Mtrhme 

V 

V 

V 

P-L-F* 

V 

V 

S+P 

V 

S+P 

S 

P 

V 

V 

V 

V-L 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

D-A 

V 
P.6 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TY: 

0005 

0108 

0971 

0870 

0064 

0204 

0774 

0885 

0128 

0934 

0139 

0779 

0694 

0235 

0683 

0758 

H83629 

H83674 

H84112 

H84298 

H84374 

H84404 

H84499 

H84535 

H84655 

H84925 

H85154 

H85157 

H85429 

H85500 

H85665 

H85678 

6-20-83 

2-24-86 

3-03-85 

7-00-82 

7-00-82 

7-00-84 

9-00-85 

4-00-80 

6-10-86 

1-26-86 

7-00-85 

7-00-84 

8-19-85 

8-30-85 

6-01-86 

5-26-86 

DeMotte IN 

Boonton NJ 

Pittsburgh PA 

San Diego CA 

Idvllwild CA 

Laporte IN 

Phoenix AZ 

Rialto CA 

Eau Claire WI 

Northridge CA 

Mundelein IL 

Palos Park IL 

St Petersburg FL 

Blue Springs MO 

Providence Forge 

Richmond VA 

83 

81 

84 

77 

82 

84 

69 

80 

85 

84 

83 

84 

83 

85 

Dodge Charger 

Chev 

Cadv Fleetwood 

VW Rabbit 

Honda Accord 

Plvm Horizon 

Chevrolet 

VW Rabbit 

VW Golf 

Nissan 300ZX 

Chrv New Yorker 

Dodge Caravan 

Merc Grand Marqui 

Plvm Horizon 

VA 85 Ford F350 Amb 

84 Ford F3 50 Amb 

, 

) 

] 

\ 

^ 

T 

< 

i 

\ 

T 

\ 

\ 

S 

"\ 

c 

c 

0992 

0163 

0994 

0022 

0112 

0065 

0015 

0021 

0033 

0124 

H85758 

H85913 

H86021 

H86075 

H86203 

H86387 

H86444 

H86445 

H86469 

H86671 

6-03-86 

5-24-86 

8-19-85 

9-19-84 

7-00-83 

7-08-86 

5-00-86 

5-00-86 

5-12-84 

7-00-85 

Harrison OH 

Broomfield CO 

Scenery Hills PA 

Ruskin FL 

Evansville IN 

RTP. NC 

Bakersfield CA 

Pittsburgh PA 

Springfield MO 

Baltimore MD 

83 

84 

85 

84 

83 

82 

85 

84 

84 

85 

Chev Celebrity \ 

Plvm Reliant \ 

Chev Celebrity I 

Plvm Grand Furv ^ 

Chrv 5th Ave ^ 

Honda Accord I 

Dodge Ram D150 I 

Chrv LeBaron \ 

Dodge Aries \ 

Dodge Challenger \ 
P.7 

11 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0910 

0011 

0020 

0940 

0604 

0034 

0007 

0125 

0248 

0231 

0978 

0122 

0813 

0851 

0016 

0698 

0238 

0117 

0828 

0010 

0447 

0643 

0194 

0035 

0225 

0097 

H86714 

H86874 

H86964 

H87016 

H87017 

H87078 

H87079 

H87154 

H87155 

H87179 

H87196 

H87264 

H87432 

H87443 

H87452 

H87515 

H87520 

H87588 

H87605 

H87635 

H87685 

H87708 

H87728 

H87887 

H87899 

H87992 

7-00-85 

7-00-85 

5-21-86 

7-00-85 

7-28-85 

8-06-86 

8-06-86 

7-00-86 

8-00-85 

7-00-82 

5-01-85 

7-00-86 

8-07 86 

4-10-86 

7-29-86 

7-10-86 

7-00-85 

8-15-86 

8-08-86 

7-00-85 

8-06-86 

6-25-86 

7-00-86 

8-04-86 

8-23-86 

8-30-86 

Chicago IL 

Greensboro NC 

Southern Pines NC 

Schaumburg IL 

Medford OR 

Bronx NY 

Marrero LA 

Adelohi MD 

Georgia 

Andover MN 

Tampa FL 

Lockport IL 

Flagstaff AZ 

W. Columbia SC 

London OH 

Southold NY 

Spring Hill TN 

Louisville KY 

Raleigh NC 

Manchester MO 

Morrow OH 

Dinosaur CO 

Arapahoe NE 

Dennis MA 

Stagecoach NV 

Petersburg VA 

85 

84 

85 

84 

85 

85 

85 

85 

85 

82 

85 

81 

86 

83 

85 

80 

82 

82 

86 

83 

86 

86 

82 

85 

84 

85 

VW Scirocco 

Dodge 600 

Plvm Caravelle 

Renault Fuego 

Ford F350 Amb 

Dodge Aries 

Dodge Omni 

Dodge Charger 

Plvm Vovager 

Plvm Horizon 

Peugeot 505 

Dodge Challenger 

Fleetwood Mtrhme 

Pont Grand Prix 

Mazda RX7 

Toyota Celica 

Plym Reliant 

Dodge Aries 

V 

V 

V 

S+P 

S+P 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V+P-L 

P 

P-L 

D-CC-F 

P 

P-L 

V 

V 

Holidav Rmblr Mtrhme V 

Dodge 600 

Ford Econoline 

Ford E350 Van 

Plym Grand Furv 

Dodge Aries 

Ford E350 Mtrhme 

Jeep Cherokee 

V 

S+P 

V+S-F 

V 

V 

P 

D-F-A 
P.8 

12 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0165 

0473 

0605 

0036 

0017 

0818 

0144 

0769 

0644 

0852 

0171 

0836 

0941 

0134 

0093 

0807 

0291 

0369 

0201 

0118 

0053 

0176 

0129 

0645 

0929 

0226 

H88003 

H88017 

H88045 

H88076 

H88079 

H88187 

H88214 

H88439 

H88447 

H88461 

H88683 

H88797 

H88857 

H88900 

H88950 

H89144 

H89190 

H89191 

H89199 

H89200 

H89207 

H89308 

H89444 

H89611 

H89752 

H89799 

8-25-86 

8-19-86 

5-00-85 

8-01-85 

5-10-86 

7-00-86 

5-01-84 

7-20-86 

8-20-86 

2-17-84 

3-00-86 

5-00-86 

8-17-85 

5-11-84 

9-16-86 

7-00-86 

8-01-86 

7-00-84 

5-00-84 

8-19-83 

7-00-83 

6-19-86 

6-22-86 

7-00-86 

10-00-86 

4-00-85 

Michigan Citv IN 

San Jose CA 

Tuscaloosa AL (A) 

Angleton TX 

Noblesville TN 

Pt. Pleasant WV 

Whippany NJ 

Sterling Hts MI 

St Clair Shores MI 

Boca Raton FL 

Oxnard CA 

Inman NE 

Mesa AZ 

W. Bethesda MD 

Des Plaines IL 

Desert Hot Spgs CA 

Mt. St Helens WA 

Salem VA 

85 

83 

84 

85 

77 

85 

84 

85 

86 

82 

86 

86 

84 

83 

85 

86 

83 

Plvm Reliant 

Nissan Sentra 

Ford E350 Buses 

Chrv 

Dodge F40 Mtrhme 

Chev S-10 

Chrv Town & Cntry 

Ford F250 

Ford E3 50 Amb 

Nissan 280Z 

Bounder Mtrhme 

Olds Ciera 

Renault Fuego 

Chrv E-Class 

Honda Goldwing 

Southwind Mtrhme 

Ford Amb 

DUPLICATE H89190 

Favettville NC 

Evansville IN 

Strongville OH 

Tallahassee FL 

Cincinnati OH 

Selah WA 

Annapolis MD 

San Antonio TX 

81 

83 

83 

86 

85 

86 

83 

84 

Plym Horizon 

Dodge Aries 

Dodge 600 

Ford EX P 

BMW K100 

Ford Amb 

Datsun 280ZX 

Mallard Mtrhme 

V 

V 

P-L 

V 

P-L 

V 

V 

P-F 

S+P 

V 

P-L 

V-CC 

S+P 

S+P 

V 

P+V 

P+S-F 

P+S+V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

S+V 

p 

D-L 

D-L 
P.9 

13 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0692 

0279 

0325 

0280 

0827 

0990 

0808 

0972 

0174 

0281 

0292 

0004 

0761 

0918 

0454 

0062 

0689 

0950 

0455 

0210 

0487 

0284 

0606 

0282 

0287 

0979 

H89849 

H89867 

H89935 

H89985 

H90190 

H90337 

H90607 

H90714 

H90762 

H90829 

H90903 

H91083 

H91091 

H91188 

H91388 

H91391 

H91404 

H91485 

H91605 

H91692 

H91757 

H91808 

H91834 

H91835 

H91839 

H91842 

11-25-86 

4-00-86 

7-00-81 

10-23-86 

9-01-86 

12-01-86 

10-00-86 

7-00-84 

7-00-86 

7-00-84 

7-00-84 

9-30-86 

11-05-77 

2-13-87 

7-20-86 

7-00-82 

6-00-86 

2-23-87 

11-00-86 

6-13-86 

9-00-87 

7-00-86 

7-00-84 

12-17-86 

7-00-86 

Pensacola FL 

E. Hampton NY 

Alturas CA 

Harrisonville MO 

Prospect KY 

Hampton VA 

Oroville CA 84 

Joplin MO 

Cleburne TX 

Madras OR 

Littleton CO 

Jacksonville FL 

Wilmington DE 

Austin TX 

New Lebanon OH 

State College PA 

Boise ID 

Caldwell TX 

Lansing IL 

Neohi UT 

86 

84 

80 

84 

83 

84 

Lincoln Town Car 

Ford E350 Amb 

S 

P-L 

Ford Econoline Amb V+P 

Ford E350 Amb 

Audi 5000 

Chev Cavalier 

Pinnacle Mtrhme V+D80 

86 

84 

84 

85 

78 

85 

85 

81 

86 

79 

85 

85 

DUPLICATE 145053 

Paducah KY 

Independence MO 

Hvannis MA 

Franklin MI 

London KY 

86 

85 

84 

87 

86 

Cadv Seville 

Ford Escort 

Ford Van 

Ford E2 50 Club 

Dodge Lancer 

Ford F150 

Subaru GL 

Ford E150 

Honda Accord 

Ford Ranger 

Subaru DL 

Ford E150 Van 

Ford E350 Van 

Ford E150 

Ford E350 

Shasta Mtrhme 

Ford E150 

Chev Camaro IROC 

P-L 

V 

D-L 

•L-F-CC 

S 

V 

S 

S+P 

P 

S+P 

p 

s 

V+D-L 

P-L 

P 

S+P 

v+s 

S 

V+P+S 

P 

s 

V ' 
P.10 

14 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0370 

0980 

0378 

0607 

0209 

0371 

0735 

0428 

0283 

0959 

0213 

0320 

0456 

0424 

0211 

0474 

0647 

0608 

0379 

0726 

0833 

0427 

0817 

0241 

0795 

0448 

H91865 

H91961 

H91983 

H92239 

H92240 

H92243 

H92244 

H92317 

H92321 

H92454 

H92536 

H92571 

H92608 

H93070 

H93093 

H93106 

H93214 

H93340 

H93637 

H93916 

H93926 

H93983 

H94387 

H94525 

H94767 

H94828 

7-01-86 

6-25-86 

3-01-86 

7-00-86 

1-21-87 

6-00-85 

11-19-86 

7-00-86 

11-25-83 

1-14-87 

1-23-87 

5-00-86 

4-00-86 

7-00-86 

7-30-85 

11-00-85 

12-18-86 

8-00-86 

6-16-87 

11-25-86 

7-00-86 

11-15-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-85 

5-04-87 

11-00-82 

Dimondale MI 

Old Ocean TX 

Hermitage TN 

Hawthorne NJ 

Buffalo NY 

Yuma AZ 

Pensacola Bch FL 

Tunnelton WV 

Conifer CO 

Los Angeles CA 

Redwood Citv CA 

Franksville WI 

Ft. Wavne IN 

Washington DC 

Livonia MI 

Oceanside CA 

Ft. Lauderdale FL 

Aurora IN 

Alexandria VA 

Plant Citv FL 

Ft. Worth TX 

Aldrich MO 

Oceanside CA 

W Vallev Citv UT 

Brewster NY 

Alexandria VA 

83 

86 

84 

85 

87 

83 

86 

86 

84 

83 

86 

79 

85 

85 

84 

85 

86 

85 

83 

86 

85 

84 

86 

85 

86 

82 

Ford E350 Amb 

Chev Camaro IROC 

Tovota Mtrhme 

Ford E350 

Ford Bronco II 

Ford E350 Van 

Lindy Mtrhme 

S+P 

P+V 

D 

S+P 

S 

S+P 

S 

Fd LTD Ctrv Squire S 

Jamboree Mtrhme 

Tovota Corolla 

Ford E250 Van 

Ford Econoline 

Ford E350 

Ford Escort 

Ford El50 Van 

Ford E350 Van 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 Van 

Nissan Sentra 

Buick Centurv 

Chev Suburban 

Ford LTD II 

Chev Suburban 

Plvm Tourism 

Chev S-10 Blazer 

Ford E150 

S+P 

s 

p 

s 

p 

s 

P-F 

P-L 

S+P 

s 

V 

V 

S+P 

S+P 

S+P 

S+P 

D 

S+P 
P.11 

15 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0886 

0856 

0457 

0805 

0113 

0160 

0488 

0609 

0458 

0733 

0610 

0227 

0717 

0838 

0773 

0351 

0648 

0611 

0372 

0839 

0718 

0475 

0649 

0734 

0612 

0489 

H94910 

H94915 

H95093 

H95155 

H95166 

H95327 

H95438 

H95504 

H95577 

H96083 

H96102 

H96318 

H96337 

H96387 

H96397 

H96413 

H96415 

H96419 

H96440 

H96449 

H96460 

H96477 

H96485 

H96490 

H96506 

H96541 

4-09-87 

7-00-85 

4-17-87 

6-20-86 

4-20-87 

5-07-87 

5-31-86 

6-01-87 

9-00-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

6-01-87 

6-15-87 

6-23-87 

7-01-86 

7-00-86 

6-22-87 

10-00-85 

7-09-87 

5-11-87 

6-00-87 

5-26-87 

6-30-87 

5-00-87 

3-00-87 

8-16-86 

Cheektowaga NY 

Vienna VA 

Incline Vllge NV 

Orange Park FL 86 

Columbus OH 

Colo Springs CO 

Ashtabula OH 

Syracuse NY 

Evergreen CO 

Pittsburgh PA 

Cincinnati OH 

Dunwoodv GA 

Rumford RI 

Roanoke TX 

Old Forge PA 

Millis MA 

Whitehall OH (3) 

Wallingford CT 

Aliguippa PA 

Front Roval VA 

Sonora CA (2) 

Independence MO 

Pinellas Park FL 

Chevenne WY 

Cuba MO 

Pomfret MD 

80 

85 

85 

VW Rabbit 

Pont 

Ford 

6000 

E150 

Winn Elandan Mtrhme 

86 

83 

86 

85 

85 

85 

85 

84 

87 

80 

85 

82 

86 

85 

83 

87 

87 

85 

86 

85 

85 

86 

Chry 

Plym 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

5th Ave 

Reliant 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E150 

F350 Amb 

E350 

E3 50 Mtrhme 

E3 50 Van 

VW Pickup 

VW Golf 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Olds 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E3 50 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

Midas Mtrhme 

Delta 88 

E350 Amb 

E350 Mtrhme 

E350 

F350 

E350 

E350 

P-L 

P 

P 

P+S-F 

V-CC 

V 

V+P-F 

S+P 

S 

V+S+P 

P+V+S* 

v 

S+P 

p 

V 

P+S+V 

P+S+V 

S+P 

p 

D-L-CC 

P+V+S 

s 

P+S-F 

P-L 

P-L 

P-L 
P.12 

16 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0729 

0736 

0316 

0243 

0801 

0008 

0520 

0390 

0848 

0334 

0521 

0719 

0432 

0613 

0373 

0164 

0374 

0391 

0737 

0727 

0037 

0522 

0770 

0375 

0523 

0392 

H96572 

H96574 

H96575 

H96585 

H96619 

H96651 

H96761 

H96763 

H96807 

i H96815 

H96843 

H96881 

H96883 

H96884 

H96893 

H96904 

H96910 

H96929 

H96991 

H97073 

H97078 

H97127 

H97194 

H97239 

H97241 

H97258 

6-29-87 

5-28-87 

7-00-78 

7-13-86 

7-01-87 

5-07-87 

7-06-87 

7-05-87 

7-00-86 

7-00-82 

6-27-87 

4-20-87 

6-06-87 

6-23-87 

6-07-83 

7-02-87 

7-01-87 

6-12-87 

7-00-86 

4-16-87 

6-04-87 

8-07-87 

6-05-87 

6-22-87 

5-28-87 

6-23-87 

Commercial Pt OH 

Alpena MI 

Brecksville OH 

Delran NJ 

Sunnvmead CA 

79 

86 

77 

86 

68 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Plvm 

Chev 

E350 

F350 

E350 

Turismo 

El Camino 

Pt Jefferson Stn NY 87 Dodge Omni 

Marion IL 

Rogers Citv MI 

Cleveland OH 

Brecksville OH 

Chestertown NY 

Staunton IL 

Barrinqton IL 

Roval Oak MI 

Mound City MO 

Springfield IL 

Blountville TN 

St.Charges MO 

Lewiston MI (2) 

Lvnchburg OH 

Pueblo CO 

Medford MA 

Fort Thomas KY 

Ashlev MI 

Escanaba MI 

Bellair OH 

86 

84 

86 

81 

86 

87 

86 

85 

83 

84 

83 

84 

86 

86 

86 

83 

85 

83 

86 

84 

Ford 

Ford 

Pont 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Plvm 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

Trans Am 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

Taurus 

E350 Thomas 

E350 

Reliant 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

F350 

F250 

Dodge Aries 

Nissan Sentra 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

F250 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

F350 Amb 

V+S 

V+P 

S+V 

V 

D-L 

V+D 

S+P 

S+P 

P 

S+V 

V+S 

V+P 

P+V 

BUS S 

P 

V 

S+P 

S+P 

S+V+P 

V+P 

p 

V 

P+V 

S+P 

S 

S+V+P 
P.13 

17 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0614 

0887 

0589 

0459 

0285 

0143 

0014 

0819 

0107 

0814 

0903 

0189 

0460 

0393 

0476 

0682 

0524 

0738 

0394 

0435 

0079 

0615 

0824 

0376 

0720 

0247 

H97261 

H97425 

H97461 

H97526 

H97723 

H97732 

H97761 

H97780 

H97791 

H97800 

H97812 

H97816 

H97854 

H97871 

H97890 

H97941 

H97963 

H98010 

H98049 

H98123 

H98139 

H98146 

H98152 

H98177 

H98200 

H98215 

7-19-85 

6-10-87 

3-00-86 

6-11-87 

4-13-87 

7-00-85 

4-22-87 

6-18-87 

7-20-87 

7-00-87 

7-00-87 

8-13-86 

7-18-87 

6-00-87 

3-19-86 

6-22-87 

6-00-87 

3-26-87 

7-28-87 

6-19-87 

5-00-87 

6-06-87 

5-00-86 

3-14-87 

7-00-87 

8-00-86 

Moraine OH 

Centralia WA 

Duncan Falls OH 

Mt. Adams WA 

Cvpress TX 

E. Windsor NJ 

Carson City NV 

Crystal River FL 

Akron OH 

Lexington KY 

Philadelphia PA 

Lavton UT 

Franklin OH 

Fairport NY 

Mahopac Falls NY 

Mansfield OH 

Fairport NY 

St. Louis MO 

Louisville KY 

Nashville TN 

Barrinoton IL 

Bend OR 

Tucson AZ 

Gresham OR 

Philadelphia PA 

Pensacola FL 

85 

80 

85 

85 

86 

85 

87 

86 

77 

79 

81 

86 

85 

84 

85 

87 

86 

86 

84 

87 

87 

85 

85 

83 

87 

84 

Ford E350 Amb 

VW Rabbit 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E150 

Ford E150 

Chrv New Yorker 

Dodge Caravan 

Chev S-10 

Chrv Cordoba 

VW Scirocco 

VW Rabbit 

Dodge W-150 

Ford E150 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford F250 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford F350 

Ford E350 

Ford Taurus 

Acura Legend 

Ford E350 Mtrhme 

S+V+P 

P-L 

P-L 

S 

V 

V 

V 

D-CC-F 

D 

V 

V+P 

V 

P-L 

P 

P-L 

P-L 

P 

P-F 

S+P 

V+P 

S 

S-F 

Winn Itasca Mrthme V+S 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 

Plym Voyager 

P-F 

S 

V 
P.M 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR 

0151 

0419 

0026 

0525 

0335 

0696 

0526 

0423 

0739 

0721 

0336 

0722 

0527 

0426 

0907 

0723 

0377 

0352 

0326 

0616 

0242 

0771 

0082 

0617 

0068 

0179 

H98217 

H98238 

H98303 

H98337 

H98366 

H98415 

H98458 

H98460 

H98468 

H98482 

H98570 

H98610 

H98638 

H98654 

H98697 

H98714 

H98816 

H98817 

H98831 

H98841 

H98861 

H98945 

H98959 

H98973 

H99128 

H99147 

7-00-87 

8-03-87 

6-21-87 

8-01-87 

6-26-87 

7-01-86 

6-13-87 

7-22-87 

7-28-87 

7-00-87 

4-05-87 

7-00-87 

7-20-87 

7-16-87 

6-19-87 

7-00-87 

6-26-87 

6-26-87 

8-10-87 

8-02-87 

8-15-87 

7-00-85 

8-08-87 

8-20-87 

7-00-84 

7-11-87 

Hammond IN 

N. Bellmore NY 

Huntington MD 

Uniondale NY 

Xenia OH 

Cypress CA 

Moberly MO 

Cedar Lake IN 

Buena Vista CO 

Bellwood PA 

S San Francisco CA 

Ann Arbor MI 

Lake Winnebago MO 

Addison IL 

Frederick MD 

Philadelphia PA 

Xenia OH 

Xenia OH 

Auburn PA 

Placerville CA 

Friendswood TX 

Kent OH 

Ann Arbor MI 

Bayside NY 

Iselin NJ 

Redford MI 

81 

83 

87 

86 

83 

85 

86 

84 

86 

85 

Dodge Aries 

Ford Suburban 

Plvm Horizon 

Coachman Mtrhme 

Ford E350 Amb 

Tovota Pickup 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford Escort 

Ford F350 Amb 

Ford E350 Amb 

81 Ford F350 Amb 

87 

86 

86 

78 

87 

81 

82 

80 

85 

85 

85 

82 

85 

84 

84 

Traveler Mtrhme 

Jubilee Mtrhme 

Ford Taurus 

VW Scirroco 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford F350 

Ford E350 

Plvm Turismo 

Ford F250 

Honda Accord 

Ford E350 

Honda Accord 

Dodge Caravan 
P.15 

19 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0724 

0725 

0528 

0747 

0748 

0832 

0834 

0529 

0433 

0740 

0337 

0530 

0961 

0820 

0105 

0078 

0923 

0684 

0531 

0618 

0749 

0695 

0685 

0780 

0932 

0946 

H99188 

H99189 

H99190 

H99191 

H99192 

H99212 

H99230 

H99309 

H99372 

H99432 

H99444 

H99447 

H99452 

H99475 

H99494 

H99548 

H99695 

H99701 

H99703 

H99708 

H99712 

H99751 

H99763 

111396 

114245 

115372 

7-22-87 

6-16-87 

7-21-87 

8-24-87 

6-22-87 

8-09-87 

7-00-87 

9-01-87 

8-15-87 

6-27-87 

7-00-84 

8-10-86 

8-06-87 

8-07-87 

8-03-87 

5-07-87 

5-21-87 

8-20-87 

4-24-87 

6-20-87 

6-19-87 

7-21-87 

7-08-82 

10-00-82 

2-08-83 

Bloomfield CT (2) 

Bloomfield CT 

Bloomfield CT 

Bloomfield CT 

Bloomfield CT 

Lafayette CA 

Chicago IL 

Miamisburg OH 

Baltimore MD 

Grand Haven MI 

W. Newfield ME 

Salem OR 

Berea OH 

Chicago IL 

Boonville IN 

Portland OR 

Spring Vallev NY 

Denver CO (3) 

Salem OR 

Nesquehoning PA 

Detroit MI 

Trov OH 

DUPLICATE 

Maolewood NJ 

Woodbridge VA 

Oakland NJ 

87 

87 

86 

87 

87 

87 

85 

87 

86 

86 

81 

86 

86 

85 

84 

79 

84 

85 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

GMC Rallv Van 

GMC S-15 

S+P-L 

P-L 

S 

P-L 

S 

D-CC-F 

V 

CruiseMaster Mtrhme P 

Ford Taurus 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford F150 Amb 

Itasca Mtrhme 

Tovota MR2 

GMC Sierra S-15 

Renault Alliance 

Alfa Romeo Spdr 

Renault Fuego 

Ford E350 

S+P 

S+P 

S+P 

P+S+V 

D-L-F 

V 

V 

P+S-F 

P+V 

P 

86 Holidav Rmblr Mtrhme S+P 

85 

87 

87 

Ford E350 Amb 

Tioga Mtrhme 

Merc Sable 

99701 

80 

82 

77 

Saab 900 

Nissan Sentra 

Renault R-5 

P 

S 

P+V 

S 

D 

D 
P.16 

20 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0888 

0175 

0202 

0984 

0075 

0868 

0968 

0081 

0843 

0688 

0975 

0890 

0439 

0019 

0058 

0085 

0991 

0891 

0095 

0892 

0059 

0140 

0846 

0925 

0678 

0196 

116026 

116413 

116723 

116822 

117158 

117301 

117410 

117979 

118123 

118449 

118926 

119299 

119732 

119969 

120127 

120472 

120544 

120676 

120896 

121745 

121813 

121833 

121901 

122414 

122473 

122970 

8-11-81 

7-22-82 

6-15-82 

10-25-82 

4-28-83 

5-12-83 

10-00-80 

6-30-83 

7-00-82 

5-23-83 

7-19-82 

6-26-80 

6-24-83 

8-23-83 

8-00-82 

8-29-83 

5-10-82 

10-11-83 

9-25-83 

12-15-83 

7-00-83 

12-27-83 

7-00-83 

5-18-83 

8-08-83 

7-00-83 

Greenville NY 

Big Rapids MI 

Little Falls NJ 

Hampton Bavs NY 

Tampa FL 

Resno CO 

Edmond OK 

Ft. Pierce FL 

Newark NJ 

Pismo Beach CA 

Baton Rouge LA 

Philadelphia PA 

Hvattsville MD 

Norton OH 

Springfield NJ 

Littleton CO 

Levittown PA 

Normal IL 

Owings MD 

Oak Park IL 

Aurora CO 

Bowling Green OH 

Parkersburg WV 

Lincoln NE 

Espanola NM 

Largo FL 

80 

82 

81 

82 

81 

81 

81 

81 

82 

83 

82 

80 

83 

83 

80 

83 

79 

80 

81 

80 

80 

83 

83 

77 

81 

83 

VW Rabbit 

Ford EXP 

Ford 

Chev Caprice 

Honda Prelude 

Audi 4000 

Buick Skvlark 

Honda Accord 

Pont Firebird 

Odyssev Mtrhme 

Camaro Z-28 

VW Rabbit 

Ford T-Bird 

Dodge Rampage 

Honda Accord 

Honda Accord 

VW Rabbit 

VW Rabbit 

Renault Alliance 

VW Rabbit 

Honda Accord 

Chrv New Yorker 

Pont Trans Am 

Datsun 

Ford Amb 

Plym Grand Furv 

P+V 

V 

V 

V-CC 

D 

D 

P-L 

V 

S+P 

P-L 

P-L 

P-L 

P-L 

V 

V-CC 

P 

V 

P-L 

P-L 

D 

V+D 

D-A 

P 

D-A 

P-L 

V 
P.17 

21 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0083 

0764 

0071 

0912 

0697 

0197 

0893 

0233 

0894 

0076 

0895 

0974 

0956 

0942 

0215 

0103 

0127 

0353 

0859 

0114 

0858 

0823 

0132 

0178 

0060 

0863 

123024 

123086 

123130 

123219 

123317 

123351 

123524 

123755 

124025 

124086 

124133 

124139 

124265 

125093 

125112 

125155 

125601 

125961 

126652 

126784 

126863 

126988 

127015 

127280 

127526 

127605 

6-00-83 

2-20-84 

3-08-84 

3-03-84 

7-00-83 

3-23-83 

3-13-84 

6-23-83 

3-28-84 

6-20-84 

11-07-83 

7-18-84 

8-08-84 

7-00-83 

8-00-84 

9-00-84 

1-16-84 

3-12-84 

9-28-83 

7-00-84 

6-06-84 

5-23-84 

12-09-83 

Encino CA 

DUPLICATE 

Felton CA 

Monroeville PA 

Vail CO 

Largo FL 

82 Honda Accord 

H60467 

80 Honda Civic 

77 VW Rabbit 

82 Buick Century 

83 Plvm Grand Furv 

DUPLICATE 120676 

Buffalo WY 

Lago Vista TX 

Tampa FL 

San Mateo CA 

Mesa AZ 

Littleton CO 

DUPLICATE 

Huntington Bch 

Forest Park OH 

Rockaway NJ 

Grand Junction 

El Centro CA 

McKeesport PA 

Soicer MN 

Indiana PA 

Dimondale MI 

Sterling Hghts 

Tampa FL 

Secaucus NJ 

CA 

CO 

83 Plym Horizon 

80 VW Rabbit 

81 Honda Prelude 

80 VW Rabbit 

84 VW Rabbit 

84 Mazda 626 

128130 

78 Fd Mtrhme 

76 AMC Hornet 

82 Dodge Diplomat 

82 Rockwood Mtrhme 

V 

D 

D 

V-CC 

V 

V 

P-L 

D 

P-L 

S 

V 

V 

D-L 

V 

V 

82 Holidav Rmblr Mtrhme P-L 

81 Dodge Aries D-A 

84 Holidav Rmblr Mtrhme P-L 

MI 

83 Tioga Mtrhme 

84 Chrv 

83 Dodoe 600 

80 Honda Accord 

83 Jaguar 

V+P-L 

V 

V 

V 

S 
P.18 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR 

0131 

0864 

0943 

0844 

0049 

0123 

0244 

0916 

0086 

0299 

0436 

0857 

0006 

0937 

0161 

0183 

0955 

0013 

0198 

0869 

0042 

0168 

0826 

0796 

0138 

0180 

127967 

128018 

128130 

128379 

128440 

128583 

128865 

129437 

129867 

130627 

131544 

131849 

132116 

133034 

133222 

133223 

133680 

134416 

134469 

134501 

134562 

134588 

134839 

135014 

135121 

135145 

7-00-84 

2-16-84 

7-00-84 

11-09-84 

7-20-84 

12-03-84 

11-26-84 

7-00-84 

9-26-84 

4-22-85 

12-00-84 

3-11-84 

9-17-84 

5-11-84 

6-10-85 

9-05-84 

6-15-85 

5-22-86 

7-00-83 

10-00-82 

10-04-84 

7-05-84 

8-01-85 

6-21-85 

8-30-85 

8-28-85 

Stanhope NJ 

Englewood CO 

N. Miami Beach FL 

Warren NJ 

Batavia IL 

Lakewood OH 

Louisville KY 

Greenwood IN 

Oakland CA 

Summit NJ 

Manitowoc WI 

Santa Ana CA 

Akron OH 

Downers Grove IL 

Springfield VA 

Knoxville TN 

Albuouerque NM 

College Park MD 

Largo FL 

Denver CO 

E. Detroit MI 

Falls Church VA 

Littleton CO 

Lubbock TX 

Hicksville NY 

Hudson Falls NY 

83 

80 

84 

82 

83 

83 

79 

80 

83 

84 

84 

84 

84 

83 

83 

85 

83 

83 

83 

81 

82 

84 

85 

84 

84 

84 

Chrv 

Subaru 

Renault Fuego 

Pont Trans Am 

Dodge Shelbv 

Dodge Charger 

Plvm Volare 

VW Rabbit 

Honda Accord 

Peugeot 505 

Ford Escort 

Heritage Mtrhme 

Dodge Omni 

Renault Fuego 

Plym Reliant 

Dodge Caravan 

Mazda GLC 

Dodge B Truck 

Plvm Grand Fury 

VW Jetta 

Dodge Diplomat 

Plvm Vovager 

GMC S-15 Jimmv 

Chev TraTech Van 

Chry LeBaron 

Dodge Caravan 
P.19 

23 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0181 

0855 

0012 

0797 

0861 

0809 

0300 

0252 

0172 

0255 

0829 

0256 

0182 

0169 

0003 

0254 

0815 

0237 

0944 

0119 

0166 

0830 

0234 

0743 

0029 

0298 

135229 

135269 

135443 

135585 

135607 

135781 

135824 

136081 

136111 

136298 

136510 

136562 

136772 

136885 

136908 

137417 

137891 

138307 

139096 

139101 

139174 

139227 

139538 

139564 

139568 

139734 

8-15-85 

9-03-85 

7-25-85 

7-17-85 

8-01-85 

7-00-85 

8-01-85 

9-23-85 

9-00-85 

11-22-85 

11-26-85 

5-14-85 

4-00-85 

9-14-84 

3-11-86 

3-03-86 

7-00-85 

7-00-84 

5-29-86 

8-27-85 

6-03-86 

6-24-86 

6-24-86 

1-11-86 

7-10-86 

Newark NJ 

Des Plaines IL 

Utica NY 

DUPLICATE 

Annandale VA 

Divide CO 

Greenfield WI 

Havward CA 

Harbor Beach MI 

Lacev WA 

Arizona 

Tempe AZ 

Kenosha WI 

Urbana IL 

Burns TN 

Snow Hill NC 

Phoenix MD 

Los Osos CA 

Freeport TX 

Somerset KY 

Chicago IL 

Milwaukee WI 

Dobbs Ferrv NY 

New York NY 

San Francisco CA 

Manning SC (2) 

84 

84 

84 

Dodge Caravan 

Pont Sunbird 2000 

Dodge 600 

135014 

84 

84 

84 

81 

81 

84 

83 

82 

84 

85 

85 

85 

84 

81 

84 

84 

85 

84 

84 

85 

83 

84 

Itasca Mtrhme 

Southwind Mtrhme 

Renault Sportwgn 

Pace Arrow Mtrhme 

Ford Escort 

Southwind Mtrhme 

Renault Fuego 

Southwind Mtrhme 

Dodge Caravan 

Plvm Vovaoer 

Dodge Diplomat 

Pace Arrow Mtrhme 

Chev Suburban 

Plvm Reliant 

Renault Fuego 

Dodge Aries 

Plvm Reliant 

Pace Arrow Mtrhme 

Plym Horizon 

Merc Merkur 

Dodge Aries 

Ford E350 Amb 

V 

P-L 

V-CC 

P-L 

P-L 

P+S 

P 

V+D 

P 

P+V 

V+P 

V 

D 

V 

P+S 

P-L 

V 

S+P 

V 

V 

p 

V 

V 

V 

P-L 
P.20 

24 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0145 

0926 

0222 

0532 

0338 

0301 

0218 

0380 

0219 

0214 

0339 

0533 

0534 

0340 

0782 

0395 

0619 

0381 

0382 

0383 

0490 

0327 

0620 

0396 

0341 

0621 

139774 

139792 

139824 

139880 

139882 

139883 

139913 

139988 

140091 

140030 

141279 

141362 

141363 

141364 

141365 

141366 

141367 

141368 

141369 

141370 

141371 

141372 

141373 

141385 

141386 

141387 

7-11-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-84 

7-25-86 

7-23-86 

7-28-86 

7-17-86 

7-25-86 

7-00-83 

7-00-85 

7-00-85 

7-21-86 

6-17-86 

7-00-82 

7-00-82 

7-21-86 

7-17-86 

7-17-86 

7-17-86 

7-17-86 

7-17-86 

7-00-86 

6-00-86 

7-00-82 

7-00-86 

Frost Hills MD 

Pelham Manor NY 

Des Plaines IL 

Mascoutah IL 

Brookshire TX 

Milan OH 

San Antonio TX 

El Paso TX 

Cincinnati OH 

Kenosha WI 

(2) 

Henderson KY (1) 

Buena Vista VA 

Falls Church VA 

Billings MT 

Billings MT 

Buena Vista VA 

Chicago IL 

Chicago IL 

Chicago IL 

Chicago IL 

Chicago IL 

Newton KS 

Mishawaka IN 

86 

82 

83 

86 

81 

83 

82 

83 

79 

85 

83 

81 

86 

86 

81 

82 

84 

85 

83 

83 

83 

86 

80 

85 

DUPLICATE 146027. 

Poughquag NY 

Tonawanda NY 

81 

85 

Chrysler 

Nissan Maxima 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Porsche 928 

Skyline Mtrhme 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

146030-31 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

V 

V 

V 

S 

P 

P-L 

P-LP-L 

V 

P+V 

S+P 

P-F 

S+P 

S+P 

V+S 

V+S 

P-L 

V+PV+PV+PV+PV+PV+PP-L 

P-L 

S+P 

•F 

•L 

•L 

•L 

•L 

•L 

•L 
P.21 

25 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0328 

0228 

0535 

0354 

0384 

0397 

0229 

0385 

0622 

0386 

0623 

0624 

0571 

0398 

0399 

0572 

0355 

0730 

0400 

0387 

0388 

0837 

0536 

0759 

0537 

0840 

141400 

141401 

141402 

141403 

141404 

141405 

141406 

141407 

141408 

141409 

141410 

141411 

141412 

141413 

141414 

141415 

141416 

141417 

141418 

141419 

141449 

141468 

141485 

141487 

141502 

141538 

7-00-85 

7-17-86 

7-12-86 

7-14-86 

7-00-84 

7-00-85 

7-23-84 

7-00-84 

7-00-86 

7-28-86 

7-17-86 

10-15-85 

8-01-85 

7-22-85 

5-10-85 

7-28-86 

7-00-84 

6-12-86 

7-13-86 

7-21-86 

9-20-83 

7-21-86 

8-18-83 

Park Forest IL 

Winder GA 

Stoutsville OH 

Huntsville AL 

Bowling Green KY 

Bowling Green KY 

Virginia Bch VA 

Bowling Green KY 

Bowling Green KY 

Rockfalls IL (2) 

Palm Bav FL 

Pearisburg VA 

Onancock VA 

Athens TN 

Florence KY 

Statesville NC 

S. Elgin IL 

Greencastle IN 

Normal IL 

Dayton OH 

DUPLICATE 

Indianapolis IN 

Roanoke VA 

DUPLICATE 

DUPLICATE 

Albuquerque NM 

80 

84 

86 

82 

83 

84 

83 

83 

85 

83 

85 

85 

85 

84 

85 

81 

84 

82 

83 

84 

83 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

141279 

83 

86 

Olds 

Ford 

147123 

147123 

86 Pont 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

F350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

F350 

E350 

E350 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Delta 88 

E350 Amb 

Bonneville 

V 

P-L 

S+P 

P 

S+V+P* 

S+V+P* 

V 

V+P 

V+P 

V+S 

P-L 

S+P 

S+P 

P+S* 

V+S+P 

CO CO 

V 

S 

S 

V+S+P 

V 

S+P 

P-L 
P.22 

26 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0772 

0491 

0401 

0573 

0538 

0574 

0342 

0402 

0575 

0389 

0258 

0576 

0403 

0539 

0577 

0578 

0580 

0223 

0356 

0259 

0540 

0541 

0542 

0581 

0582 

0329 

141545 

141550 

141551 

141552 

141553 

141555 

141558 

141562 

141563 

141564 

141565 

141567 

141573 

141575 

141576 

141577 

141578 

141581 

141582 

141585 

141586 

141589 

141590 

141591 

141592 

141594 

10-20-85 

9-18-86 

9-18-86 

4-28-86 

7-25-86 

7-26-86 

8-01-86 

10-06-86 

7-07-86 

10-16-86 

10-16-86 

10-17-86 

8-00-86 

8-00-86 

9-16-86 

8-27-86 

9-05-85 

6-21-85 

9-07-86 

5-00-86 

9-02-86 

8-18-86 

8-17-86 

9-02-86 

6-00-86 

7-00-84 

Salt Lake Citv UT 

Bowling Green VA 

Bowling Green VA 

Temple TX 

Winchester VA 

Gulfport MS 

Boone IA 

Livingston NY 

Perv IL 

Bethany IL 

Mackinaw IL 

Perv IL 

Carbondale IL 

Carbondale IL 

Carbondale IL 

Salem WI 

New Castle DE 

Ghent WV 

Lockport IL 

Erie PA 

Markesan WI 

Marietta OK 

Tilden TX 

Hamlin WV 

Monroeville AL 

Peoria IL 

85 

86 

84 

85 

86 

85 

81 

84 

85 

83 

83 

85 

84 

86 

85 

85 

85 

83 

82 

83 

86 

86 

86 

85 

85 

80 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

F250 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

Pickup 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

V+S 

P-L 

P-L 

V+P 

S 

S+P-L 

P-L 

V+P 

V+P 

S+V 

P 

V 

V 

V 

V 

s 

P-L 

V 

S+P+V 

s 

S 

S+P 

P+S 

P+V 

P+V+S 

V 
P.23 

CAS# 

0260 

0404 

0405 

0543 

0406 

0407 

0408 

0261 

0330 

0583 

0409 

0579 

0343 

0262 

0302 

0584 

0357 

0358 

0585 

0331 

0586 

0477 

0321 

0587 

0410 

0411 

ODI# 

141595 

141596 

141598 

141599 

141601 

141602 

141604 

141605 

141606 

141611 

141612 

141613 

141617 

141618 

141619 

141620 

141622 

141623 

141624 

141625 

141630 

141632 

141633 

141635 

141637 

141641 

DATE 

7-00-86 

6-00-85 

9-12-86 

9-08-86 

4-01-87 

3-00-86 

7-01-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-81 

8-01-86 

7-24-86 

7-23-86 

8-07-86 

7-00-86 

8-20-84 

5-19-86 

7-00-83 

9-10-86 

9-15-86 

8-28-86 

9-23-86 

9-20-86 

7-00-80 

7-00-84 

6-00-86 

10-15-86 

7-30-86 

LOCATION 

Peoria IL 

Peoria IL 

Wood Dale IL 

Wood Dale IL 

Northlake IL 

Port Aransas TX 

Bourbonnais IL 

Crandon WI 

Bourbonnais IL 

St. Louis MO 

E. Palestine OH 

Reedville VA 

Dove Creek CO 

Washburn ND 

MKR/MDL/YR 

83 

84 

86 

85 

84 

84 

84 

83 

80 

85 

84 

85 

81 

83 

78 

Rockford IL (4) 84 

Liverpool NY 

Carthage IL 

Emporia VA 

MacArthur WV 

Morrison IL 

Bethesda MD 

Leon WV 

Coal City IL 

Prairie du Chien 

Seaford NY 

Cockeysville MD 

85 

82 

82 

85 

80 

85 

85 

79 

84 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

, 79, 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

81, 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

WI 85 Ford E350 Amb 

84 

84 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

Amb 

Amb 

27 

TYPE 

S 

P-L 

S 

S 

P 

S 

P+V 

P+S 

p 

s 

s 

P-L 

V+P 

V+P 

V 

P+S 

V 

P+S 

P+S+V 

P-L 

P+S 

P 

V 

V 

P-L 

V 

P+S 
P.24 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR 

0412 

0686 

0544 

0230 

0588 

0413 

0359 

0263 

0220 

0590 

0469 

0360 

0591 

0344 

0478 

0264 

0781 

0414 

0265 

0361 

0415 

0266 

0322 

0497 

0038 

0120 

141642 

141644 

141645 

141646 

141647 

141650 

141651 

141653 

141655 

141661 

141662 

141663 

141665 

141668 

141669 

141670 

141672 

141673 

141674 

141675 

141676 

141679 

141682 

141685 

141691 

141692 

8-05-86 

12-00-84 

8-05-86 

6-00-86 

8-06-86 

8-26-86 

7-18-86 

8-28-86 

8-06-86 

7-06-86 

4-00-83 

3-00-86 

8-19-86 

6-20-87 

8-08-86 

8-26-86 

8-23-86 

8-28-86 

9-02-86 

8-00-86 

6-00-86 

7-00-84 

6-16-86 

Cleveland MS 

Goochland VA 

DUPLICATE 

Columbus MS 

DUPLICATE 

Vicksburg MS 

DUPLICATE 

Kascrosko MS 

Carthage IL 

E. Liverpool OH 

Salem IN 

Richfield OH 

Lynchburg VA 

Downers Grove IL 

Seattle WA 

Jersewille IL 

Anmoore WV 

Waterloo IL 

Ashland PA 

Cerro Gordo IL 

Columbus OH 

Des Plaines IL 

Hillside IL 

Tonkawa OK 

Flagstaff AZ 

Columbia TN 

84 

85 

Ford 

Ford 

139880 

84 Ford 

141555 

84 Ford 

E350 Amb 

E350 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

147104-147109 

83 

82 

85 

84 

82 

85 

81 

85 

83 

85 

84 

83 

82 

84 

83 

79 

85 

83 

84 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E3 50 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 

Dodge Charger 

Dodge Aries 
P.25 

29 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0203 

0047 

0480 

0741 

0251 

0545 

0731 

0420 

0592 

0054 

0593 

0297 

0416 

0187 

0249 

0039 

0812 

0594 

0595 

0121 

0597 

0050 

0765 

0728 

0184 

0051 

141693 

141704 

141711 

141733 

141740 

141832 

141833 

141849 

141871 

141903 

141917 

141918 

142008 

142303 

142445 

142448 

143603 

143621 

143688 

143697 

143708 

143811 

143993 

143995 

144007 

144052 

6-23-86 

6-21-86 

7-01-86 

7-08-86 

. . 

8-00-86 

7-22-86 

5-19-86 

4-09-86 

7-19-86 

9-01-86 

6-24-85 

9-00-85 

8-30-85 

8-00-85 

9-09-86 

7-00-86 

8-01-86 

9-27-85 

10-03-86 

10-14-86 

10-23-86 

Metairie LA 

Alhambra CA 

DUPLICATE 

Evergreen CO 

Yuba Citv CA 

81 

81 

147111 

85 

85 

Plvm Horizon 

Dodge Omni 

V 

V 

Merc Grand Marquis S+P 

Fleetwood Mtrhme 

DUPLICATE H97461 

Waymont PA 

Colguitt GA 

Aurora CO 

83 

83 

85 

Ford E350 Amb 

S 

S+P 

Ford LTD Crown Vic P 

Ford E350 

DUPLICATE H87016 

Temple TX 

Salineville OH 

Oakhurst CA 

Salt Lake City 

Fremont CA 

Adelohi MD 

Spokane WA 

85 

85 

84 

UT 85 

85 

85 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 Amb 

Dodge D50 

Plym Voyager 

Dodge Charger 

85 Winn Elandan Mtrhme 

DUPLICATE 148303-148308 

DUPLICATE 

Lexington KY 

N. Tonawanda NY 

Westland MI 

Rhododendron OP 

Oregon City OR 

Marwille TN 

Canton MI 

141871 

84 

85 

84 

83 

83 

84 

85 

Dodge Aries 

Ford Honev Mtrhme 

Dodge Omni 

Ford F250 

Ford F250 

Dodqe Caravan 

Dodae Omni 

S* 

S 

S+P 

S 

V 

V 

V 

V+S+P 

V-L 

P-L 

V 

V+P-F 

V+P-F 

V 

V 
P.26 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR 

0598 

0862 

0599 

0546 

0650 

0417 

0465 

0495 

0760 

0466 

0467 

0293 

0651 

0547 

0548 

0461 

0732 

0462 

0450 

0596 

0691 

0305 

0549 

0652 

0267 

0496 

144208 

144530 

144542 

144932 

145053 

145063 

145088 

145093 

145106 

145175 

145176 

145179 

145214 

145307 

145311 

145316 

145328 

145330 

145382 

145548 

145591 

145741 

145752 

145753 

145754 

145755 

8-00-86 

8-19-86 

10-21-86 

12-01-86 

7-01-84 

7-00-86 

10-00-85 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

8-00-86 

7-00-85 

1-22-87 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

1-30-87 

1-15-87 

3-04-87 

7-27-86 

8-20-86 

8-01-86 

8-04-86 

DUPLICATE 141871 

Nebraska 

Anmoure WV 

Boiling Springs 

Camp Douglas WI 

Puyallup WA 

Ferndale MI 

Hunington MA 

Hemet CA 

Ferndale MI 

Lansing IL 

Scottsville NY 

Mahwah NJ 

VA 

. 143688 

86 

85 

XJS Jaguar 

Ford E350 Amb 

86 Ford E350 Amb 

86 

84 

85 

84 

77 

85 

85 

84 

86 

DUPLICATE 141620 

DUPLICATE 1453 07 

DUPLICATE 145176 

Oregon 84 

DUPLICATE 145176 

Pittsfield IL 

Hallandale FL 

Delray Beach FL 

Keams Canvon AZ 

Wilmington DE 

St Clair Shores 

Alma WI 

Fairfield IL 

MI 

84 

86 

84 

81 

85 

85 

86 

83 

84 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 

Ford E150 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford F150 

Ford E150 

Ford E150 

Ford E250 Clbwgn 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford F350 

Ford E150 

Audi 5000 

Lincoln Mark VII 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 Amb 
31 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0318 

0550 

0653 

0783 

0497 

0784 

0268 

0269 

0345 

0654 

0785 

0216 

0498 

0270 

0481 

0362 

0346 

0655 

0347 

0323 

0786 

0551 

0363 

0332 

0552 

0553 

145756 

145757 

145759 

145760 

145762 

145763 

145764 

145765 

145768 

145769 

145770 

145771 

145776 

145787 

145788 

145789 

145792 

145794 

145795 

145796 

145797 

145800 

145801 

145802 

145803 

145804 

8-08-86 

8-04-86 

8-17-86 

8-08-86 

6-15-86 

7-23-86 

7-23-86 

7-30-86 

8-05-86 

6-20-86 

4-00-86 

10-00-85 

8-04-86 

9-08-86 

8-04-86 

8-04-86 

8-04-86 

5-28-86 

8-15-86 

8-15-86 

8-15-86 

8-05-86 

8-05-86 

7-25-86 

8-05-86 

8-06-85 

Delavan IL 

Illiopolis IL 

Marietta OK 

Loudon TN 

Columbia MD 

Delta PA 

Delta PA 

Flovd Cntv VA 

Fairburv IL 

Fairbury IL 

Lena IL 

Ft. Atkinson WI 

Wauconda IL 

Hamilton OH 

Mt. Prospect IL 

Mt. Prospect IL 

Wauconda IL 

Victoria BC 

Bloomingdale IL 

Bloomingdale IL 

Bloomingdale IL 

Williamsburg VA 

Elmwood Park IL 

Princeton IL 

Orland Park IL 

Broken Arrow OK 

78 

84 

86 

85 

84 

85 

83 

83 

81 

86 

85 

81 

84 

83 

85 

82 

81 

86 

81 

79 

85 

85 

82 

80 

85 

85 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

V 

P+S 

S 

P+S 

s* 

S+P 

S+P 

S+V+P 

V 

S+P 

P-L 

P-L 

V 

V+S+P 

P 

V 

V 

S+P-F 

V 

V 

V+S+P 

P-L 

P-L 

S+P 

S+P 

P+S 
CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TY 

0554 

0656 

0555 

0556 

0557 

0319 

0499 

0500 

0558 

0657 

0559 

0306 

0560 

0561 

0562 

0232 

0945 

0348 

0482 

0563 

0564 

0501 

0271 

0190 

0317 

0503 

145808 

145809 

145810 

145811 

145812 

145818 

145820 

145821 

145822 

145823 

145825 

145826 

145831 

145833 

145834 

145878 

145887 

145904 

145905 

145918 

145920 

145940 

145946 

145950 

145954 

145955 

8-12-86 

7-30-86 

8-02-86 

8-01-86 

8-01-86 

8-06-86 

8-11-86 

8-11-86 

8-15-86 

7-07-86 

7-31-86 

8-13-86 

8-10-86 

5-07-86 

8-04-86 

10-10-86 

7-22-85 

10-30-86 

7-13-86 

1-01-87 

7-00-86 

2-01-87 

7-00-86 

Onley VA 

Wilmington DE 

Monroe CT 

Mechanicsville 

Mechanicsville 

Mt. Vernon IL 

Kankakee IL 

Kankakee IL 

Chillicothe IL 

Riplev WV 

Love's Park IL 

Chicago IL 

Stafford VA 

Aledo IL 

Aledo IL 

Pasadena MD 

VA 

VA 

(3) 

Morris Plains NJ 

DUPLICATE 

DUPLICATE 

Pt. Pleasant WV 

Newberry SC 

Bruceton WV 

Benson IL 

DUPLICATE 

Kirkland WA 

Oak Hill WV 

85 

86 

85 

85 

85 

78 

84 

84 

85 

86 

85 

85 

85 

85 

85 

85 

84 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

E350 

F350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Nissan Sentra 

Renault Fuego 

148308 

148304-148308 

85 

85 

84 

83 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

145971 

77 

84 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 
P.29 

33 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0660 

0565 

0659 

0504 

0566 

0505 

0567 

0768 

0191 

0483 

0568 

0289 

0569 

0506 

0570 

0658 

0192 

0443 

0625 

0921 

0661 

0507 

0307 

0919 

0662 

0663 

145956 

145957 

145958 

145959 

145960 

145961 

145962 

145965 

145971 

146025 

146027 

146029 

146030 

146031 

146035 

146037 

146066 

146262 

146307 

146532 

146561 

146568 

146643 

146649 

146734 

146788 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

5-29-87 

6-00-86 

9-02-86 

7-00-86 

3-17-87 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

1-30-87 

11-26-87 

9-19-85 

3-18-87 

7-21-86 

5-08-86 

4-10-87 

7-00-85 

7-00-86 

4-24-87 

Oak Hill WV 

Oak Hill WV 

Oak Hill WV 

Oak Hill WV 

Oak Hill WV 

Oak Hill WV 

Oak Hill WV 

Green Bay WI 

Boise ID 

Gallioolis OH 

Huntington Stn 

Johnstown PA 

Huntington Stn 

Huntington Stn 

Moline IL 

Bangor PA 

Washington DC 

NY 

NY 

NY 

DUPLICATE 

Punta Gorda FL 

New York State 

Danbury WI 

Sonora CA 

Cheltenham PA 

86 

85 

86 

84 

85 

84 

85 

86 

85 

85 

85 

76 

85 

84 

85 

86 

85 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

Dodge W350 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E3 50 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 

E350 Amb 

Dodge W350 

145307 

85 

86 

86 

84 

Ford E350 Mtrhme 

Winnebago Mtrhme 

Ford E350 Amb 

Suncrest Mtrhme 

2-84, 2-

(7) Ford 

DUPLICATE 146643 

Lemoore CA 86 Ford 

DUPLICATE 145214 

•85, 3-86 

I E350 Vans 

E350 

S+P+V 

S+P+V 

S+P+V 

S+P+V 

S+P+V 

S+P+V 

S+P+V 

P+S 

V 

V 

p 

p 

S+P 

p 

P-L 

S+P 

V 

S+P 

S+P 

S+P* 

S+P+V* 

P+S+V 

P-L 
P.30 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR Tl 

0787 

0308 

0800 

0324 

0272 

0508 

0664 

0626 

0273 

0274 

0275 

0509 

0510 

0511 

0665 

0627 

0750 

0492 

0295 

0217 

0666 

0470 

0667 

0512 

0668 

0276 

146952 

147029 

147066 

147069 

147071 

147076 

147077 

147103 

147104 

147105 

147106 

147107 

147108 

147109 

147112 

147111 

147118 

147119 

147120 

147122 

147123 

147192 

147193 

147194 

147195 

147196 

5-08-87 

5-04-87 

9-08-86 

10-06-85 

7-29-86 

7-29-86 

7-29-86 

7-29-86 

7-29-86 

7-29-86 

6-00-86 

7-26-86 

3-07-87 

3-07-87 

2-27-87 

3-03-87 

6-27-86 

7-00-86 

10-21-86 

7-00-86 

9-00-86 

10-21-86 

Dallas TX 

DUPLICATE 

Oceanside CA 

Elkhart IN 

84 Ford E350 

145741 

86 Che w Suburban 

79 Ford E350 

Clifton Park NY (3) 82.83.85 Fd E350 An 

Tupelo 

Tupelo 

Tupelo 

Tupelo 

Tupelo 

Tupelo 

DUPLICATE 

DUPLICATE 

DUPLICATE 

MS 

MS 

MS 

MS 

MS 

MS 

Mt. Carmel IL 

Nassawalox VA 

Aspen CO 

Denver CO 

Pikeville KY (3) 

Grand Rapids MI 

Colbv KS 

Christianburq VA 

Winterqreen VA 

Western State Hosp 

Lewis Gale Hosp VA 

Strasburg VA 

141633 

141633 

141661 

82 

83 

83 

84 

84 

84 

86 

85 

87 

86 

85 

81 

86 

86 

84 

VA 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford E3 50 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford E3 50 

Ford E250 

Ford E350 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

S+ 

Esouire Mtrhme S 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Amb 

Amb 

84 Ford E350 Amb 

86 Ford E35C 

83 Ford E350 

) Amb 

Amb 
P.31 

35 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0449 

0445 

0669 

0931 

0494 

0311 

0670 

0766 

0831 

0762 

0441 

0671 

0628 

0471 

0629 

0766 

0630 

0672 

0277 

0472 

0513 

0514 

0463 

0631 

0632 

0633 

147254 

147343 

147344 

147437 

147438 

147441 

147443 

147631 

147693 

147747 

147769 

147786 

147907 

147972 

148100 

148221 

148260 

148262 

148263 

148265 

148266 

148267 

148268 

148303 

148304 

148305 

5-18-87 

6-01-87 

9-00-86 

5-19-87 

6-15-87 

6-11-87 

7-10-87 

6-19-87 

5-11-87 

6-26-87 

6-25-87 

7-01-87 

7-03-87 

7-10-87 

6-00-87 

4-06-86 

7-00-86 

10-21-86 

7-00-86 

9-00-85 

10-07-86 

9-00-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

Clearlake Park CA 

Brooklyn OH 

Wyoming 

Davenport IA 

Willoughby Hlls OH 

Council Bluffs IA 

White Salmon WA 

(2) 

Santa Fe NM 

Hood River OR 

Tarrvtown NY 

Walnut Creek CA 

83 

84 

86 

86 

83 

85 

85 

86 

86 

83 

85 

85 

80 

70 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

Econoline 

E350 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 

, 84 Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 Amb 

Pace 

Ford 

Ford 

Arrow Mtrhme 

E150 

Bronco 

Independence MO (2) 86 Ford E350 Amb 

Granite City IL 

Tulsa OK 

Alaska 

Hubbardsville NY 

Tazewell VA 

Salem VA 

Amissville VA 

Mechanicsville VA 

Bedford VA 

Christianburg VA 

85 

84 

86 

83 

85 

86 

83 

84 

84 

84 

DUPLICATE 145088 

Bethlehem PA 

Bethlehem PA 

Bethlehem PA 

85 

85 

85 

Holidav Rambler 

Ford Mtrhme 

Fleetwood Mtrhme 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

F250 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 

E350 

E350 

S+P 

P 

S+P+V 

P+S 

S+P 

S+P 

S+P 

S+P 

S+P 

S+P 

S+P 

p 

P-L 

S 

P+S 

S+P 

P 

S+P+V 

P-F 

S+V 

S+P 

S+P 

p 

P-L 

p 

P-L 

P-L 

P-L 
P.32 

CAS# 

0484 

0485 

0364 

0349 

0634 

0673 

0674 

0675 

0635 

0699 

0515 

ODI# 

148306 

148307 

148308 

148525 

148526 

148527 

148530 

148531 

148532 

148539 

148551 

DATE 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-83 

2-17-87 

5-22-87 

5-22-87 

5-02-87 

5-00-87 

5-18-87 

6-00-87 

LOCATION 

Bethlehem PA 

Bethlehem PA 

Gahanna OH 

Nemacolin PA 

Virgie KY 

Virgie KY 

Dwale KY 

Cvnthiana KY 

Mt. Olivet KY 

Chestertown NY 

DUPLICATE 

MKR/MDL/YR 

85 

85 

81 

82 

81 

85 

86 

86 

86 

85 

86 

146952 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

36 

T 

Amb 

Van 

, 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

0700 148730 8-24-87 Moneta VA 86 Ford E350 

0788 148732 6-15-87 Dallas TX 84 Holiday Rmblr Mtrhi 

0636 148733 3-02-87 Novato CA 85 Ford E350 

0296 148759 7-21-87 Harlington TX 85 Ford E350 

0751 148760 6-18-87 Madison WI 87 Ford E350 

0752 148761 7-00-87 Scottsburg IN 87 Ford Mtrhme 

0637 148763 5-27-87 Boise ID 85 Ford E350 

0701 148764 5-04-87 Namoa Id 86 Ford E350 

0464 148765 5-18-87 Angleton TX 85 Ford E150 

0638 148766 5-05-87 Paris 11 8 5 Ford E3 50 

0288 148767 5-06-87 Baton Rouge LA 85 Ford E150 

0702 148768 6-00-86 Wyoming 86 Winnebago Mtrhme 

0703 148769 6-12-87 Lakewood CO 86 Fleetwood Mtrhme 

0212 148770 7-15-87 Alexandria VA 85 Ford E150 

0278 148771 4-00-87 Lvnchburg VA 83 Ford E350 Mtrhme 
37 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0442 

0286 

0704 

0468 

0294 

0705 

0639 

0706 

0516 

0517 

0707 

0518 

0365 

0789 

0640 

0519 

0708 

0709 

0753 

0312 

0710 

0676 

0711 

0641 

0867 

0366 

148772 

148773 

148774 

148775 

148776 

148777 

148778 

148779 

148780 

148781 

148782 

148784 

148785 

148786 

148787 

148788 

148789 

148790 

148791 

148792 

148793 

148794 

148795 

148904 

148920 

148924 

7-11-87 

7-14-87 

7-23-87 

7-00-87 

5-01-87 

7-02-87 

5-07-87 

5-12-87 

6-02-87 

5-28-87 

5-27-87 

5-15-87 

5-11-87 

5-14-87 

5-12-87 

5-13-87 

5-07-87 

5-11-87 

7-01-87 

7-10-87 

8-10-87 

7-23-87 

7-31-87 

7-00-85 

9-15-87 

Lexington NC 

Arlington VA 

Greensboro NC 

Dingletown TX 

Tribodeaux LA 

Alton IL 

Aberdeen ID 

DUPLICATE 

St. Charles MO 

Kent OH 

Framingham MA 

Hamilton OH 

Williamsburg OH 

Soencerport OH 

Lewiston ID 

Ashtabula OH 

Minot ND 

Serville OH 

Mandan ND 

Denver CO 

Unicoi TN 

Denver CO 

DUPLICATE 

85 

86 

86 

85 

84 

86 

85 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

147443 

84 

84 

86 

84 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

FordE350 

E150 

E350 

E150 

E250 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

7-82, 4-84, 1-87 

ri2> Ford E350 

85 

85 

84 

86 

86 

87 

86 

86 

86 

86 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

H81592 

DUPLICATE 148733 

Eugene OR 86 

Shoshone Ice Cvs ID 85 

Crosby ND 82 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

P 

P 

P+S 

P 

P-L 

S 

P+V 

p 

P+S 

s 

p 

V 

P+V 

P+V 

p 

p 

P+S 

P+S+V 

P-F 

P-F 

P 

P-L-F 

» Pace Arrow Mtrhme p+s 

» Southwd Mtrhme P+S-F** 

Ford E350 P 
P.34 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR 

0313 

0434 

0314 

0677 

0712 

0600 

0601 

0713 

0754 

0714 

0315 

0821 

0715 

0309 

0756 

0310 

0757 

0602 

0767 

0603 

0642 

0177 

0716 

0997 

0998 

0866 

148954 

148976 

148983 

149004 

149029 

149031 

149032 

149034 

149077 

149083 

149101 

149102 

149136 

149137 

149139 

149175 

149190 

149196 

149208 

149256 

149331 

149539 

8-02-87 

8-01-87 

7-20-87 

7-21-87 

. 

6-00-87 

8-07-87 

8-06-87 

8-10-87 

8-10-87 

8-11-87 

8-07-87 

8-11-87 

8-10-87 

5-00-87 

6-24-86 

6-00-87 

8-17-87 

8-11-87 

8-21-87 

3-20-87 

7-00-85 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

7-24-86 

San Jose CA 

Lombard IL 

Williamette OR 

Denver CO 

DUPLICATE 

Washinqton 

National Citv CA 

Windber PA 

Boise ID 

Graterford PA 

Daytona FL 

Homosassa FL 

Yakima WA 

Raleigh NC 

Oregon 

Spearfish SD 

Hutchinson MN 

Clvde OH 

Albuguergue NM 

El Paso TX 

DUPLICATE 

Atlanta GA 

Groveport OH 

Boulder CO 

White Plains NY 

Chicago IL 

87 

86 

85 

86 

Chief Mtrhme 

Ford Taurus 

Ford Cabriolet 

Diamond Mtrhme 

148730 

84 

84 

86 

87 

86 

76 

87 

Holidav Rmblr 

Ford Chassis Mtr. 

Coachman Mtrhme 

Travelmaster Mtr 

Tioga Mtrhme 

Superior Mtrhme 

Aluma Lite Mtrhm< 

86 Holiday Rmblr Mtr) 

84 

86 

87 

82 

87 

84 

84 

84 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Tioga Mtrhme 

Coachman Mtrhme 

Cobra Mtrhme 

Ford E350 Mtrhme 

Ford Econoline 

Holidav Rmblr Mt: 

H96884 

85 

85 

85 

84 

(3) 84 

85 

Peugeot 505 

Sunhawk Mtrhme 

Ford E350 Amb 

1 Ford E350 Amb 

1 Ford E350 Amb 

Ford E350 Amb 
P.35 

39 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

0502 

0304 

0451 

0170 

0755 

0494 

0224 

0221 

0486 

0999 

1000 

1001 

1002 

1003 

1004 

1005 

1006 

1007 

1008 

1009 

1010 

1011 

1012 

1013 

1014 

1015 

9-25-86 

7-00-85 

7-00-85 

7-00-85 

8-26-83 

7-28-86 

7-28-86 

7-28-86 

7-00-86 

12-19-86 

12-04-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-85 

7-00-80 

7-00-86 

9-00-85 

10-13-86 

7-08-84 

5-13-87 

4-00-87 

7-00-82 

7-00-86 

5-13-87 

4-26-87 

7-00-85 

10-01-87 

5-00-86 

6-01-87 

Washington PA 

Columbus OH 

Columbus OH 

Cahokia IL 

Dorris CA 

Huntington WV 

Huntington WV 

Huntington WV 

Chicago IL 

Miranar FL 

Clinton NJ 

Lowville NY 

New Haven CT 

Baltimore MD (13} 

Mt. Olive IL 

Brooklvn NY 

Purcell OK 

Scottsville KY 

Owingsville KY 

Bowling Green KY 

Pleasureville KY 

Charlotte MI 

N. Plainfield NJ 

Pasco WA 

Bessemer AL 

Cheswold DE 

85 

86 

84 

84 

84 

83 

83 

83 

83 

83 

86 

86 

84 

84 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

2-79, 2-

81 Ford 

83 

85 

84 

83 

86 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

-83, 4-84, 

E350 Amb 

E350 

E350 

E150 

E350 

E350 

Amb 

Amb 

Van 

Amb 

Amb 

81 Ford E350 Amb 

85 Ford E350 Amb 

83 

86 

84 

86 

80 

86 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

Amb 

CO CO 

P+V 

P+V 

P 

V 

V+P+S 

V+P+S 

V+P+S 

V+P-L 

S* 

P 

V+P-L 

s 

4-85 

P 

V 

P 

P+S-F* 

P+S 

P 

S+P+V 

S+P+V 

V-F 

P-L 

S+P 

P 

s 

S+V 
CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR 

1016 

1017 

1018 

1019 

1020 

1021 

1022 

1023 

1024 

1025 

1026 

1027 

1028 

1029 

1030 

1031 

1032 

1033 

1034 

1035 

1036 

1037 

1038 

1039 

1040 

1041 

6-17-87 

6-12-87 

7-06-87 

7-06-87 

5-07-87 

7-00-85 

5-07-87 

5-23-87 

6-02-87 

5-29-87 

6-09-87 

7-00-86 

7-00-86 

7-00-85 

7-00-86 

4-28-86 

7-00-86 

3-13-87 

1-23-87 

8-26-86 

8-11-86 

3-00-87 

3-12-87 

2-09-87 

7-00-86 

2-20-87 

10-00-86 

Pierce Co. WA 

St. Charles MO 

Marion IL 

Marion IL 

Versailles KY 

Versailles KY 

Versailles KY 

Jeremiah KY 

Brandenburg KY 

Louisville KY 

Louisville KY 

Camp Hill PA 

Washington DC 

Cedar Rapids IA 

Kansas City KS 

Seaside Hghts NJ 

Sullivan IN 

Brownstown IN 

85 

84 

84 

86 

84 

84 

87 

86 

87 

85 

86 

85 

86 

85 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E3 50 Amb 

E3 50 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 Amb 

E350 

E350 

E350 

(A) 85 Ford E350 

(2) J 

85 

84 

Rsrch Triangle Pk NC 

Seattle WA 

86 

84 

McClearv FL m 86 

El Caion CA 

Tillamook OR 

Bloomfield NE 

St. Joseph MO 

Mandan ND 

84 

85 

85 

84 

85 

36 Ford E350 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

85 Ford E350 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E150 

E150 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 
41 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR TYPE 

1042 

1043 

1044 

1045 

1046 

1047 

1048 

1049 

1050 

1051 

1052 

1053 

1054 

1055 

1056 

1057 

1058 

1059 

1060 

1061 

1062 

1063 

1064 

1065 

1066 

1067 

3-10-87 

2-04-87 

12-00-86 

6-00-86 

3-02-87 

7-00-86 

3-00-87 

2-05-87 

7-00-86 

7-00-85 

7-00-87 

7-00-86 

5-00-86 

8-22-86 

7-00-85 

7-00-86 

8-26-86 

1-29-87 

2-24-87 

1-00-87 

5-09-86 

2-00-86 

7-28-86 

5-01-87 

8-12-87 

6-00-87 

8-12-87 

8-00-86 

7-27-87 

Rockford IL 

Nespelem WA 

Johnson City 

Santa Fe NM 

Natchitoches 

Claremont NH 

York NE 

LaGranoe KY 

TN 

LA 

Charlottesville VA 

Lexington NC 

Freeport IL 

(3) 

(41 

(2) 

85 

86 

86 

85 

85 

85 

86 

85 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

(4) 85 

84 

86 

85 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

Ford 

E350 

E350 

E350 

Colorado Springs CO 86 Ford E250 

Port Alliganv 

Columbus IN 

Kentucky 

Murphv NC 

Petookey MI 

Pensacola Bch 

Acworth GA 

Glen Echo MD 

Levelland TX 

Hobbs NM 

Arnold MD 

Philadelphia 

De Kalb IL 

Champlain NY 

Glendale AZ 

' GA 

(2) 

FL 

PA 

85 

85 

84 

86 

85 

85 

86 

85 

85 

86 

86 

87 

87 

85 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

E150 

E350 

E350 

Winnebago 

Ford 

E350 

Mtrhme 

Econoline 

Fleetwood Mtrhme 

Lindy Mtrhme 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

Ford 

F250 

E250 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

E350 

P 

P 

P+S 

V+P+S 

S 

S 

p 

V+P 

P-L 

V+P 

V+P 

P+S+V 

P+S 

P+S 

P+S 

P+S 

P+S 

V+P+S 

s 

V+S 

V+S-F* 

S 

P-F 

P+S 

P+S 

S 

P-L 

85 Midas Freeport Mtrhme P+S 

84 Mobile Trvlr Mtrhme V+P+S 
P.38 

CAS# ODI# DATE 

1068 

1069 

1070 

1071 

1072 

1073 

1074 

1075 

1076 

1077 

1078 

1079 

1080 

1081 

1082 

1083 

1084 

1085 

1086 

1087 

1088 

1089 

1090 

1091 

1092 

1093 

7-23-87 

1-15-87 

8-17-87 

1-08-87 

9-11-85 

8-28-84 

5-00-86 

10-14-86 

7-27-85 

8-14-86 

10-01-86 

8-00-86 

5-28-87 

11-17-86 

5-05-87 

1-15-87 

9-15-86 

5-08-87 

8-02-87 

9-00-83 

9-00-84 

7-00-83 

6-21-84 

10-06-85 

7-19-84 

2-20-85 

LOCATION 

Waukegan IL 

Tooler MT 

Fairmont WV 

Page AZ 

Denver CO 

Flint MI 

Morrison CO 

Dallas TX 

Loveland Pass CO 

Winter Park CO 

Phoenix AZ 

Oregon 

Flemingsburg KY 

Farmington NM (2) 

Shelbwille KY 

Washington DC 

Davton OH 

Camarillo CA 

Las Vegas NV 

Browns Mills NJ 

Tampa FL 

Waterloo IL 

Falls Church VA 

Tulsa OK 

River Grove IL 

Long Beach CA 

MKR/MDL/YR 1 

87 

83 

86 

85 

84 

84 

85 

86 

85 

86 

86 

84 

85 

85 

86 

86 

86 

86 

85 

83 

84 

84 

84 

84 

84 

84 

Reed Lite Mtrhme 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 

Ford E150 

Fd E350 Mtrhme 

Ford E350 

Holiday Rmblr 

Holidav Rmblr 

Ford E350 

Eldorado Mtrhme 

Ford Econoline 

Ford Econoline 

Ford Econoline 

Ford E3 50 

Ford E350 Mtrhme 

Bounder Mtrhme 

Jamboree Mtrhme 

Renault Fuego 

Renault Fuego 

Renault Fuego 

Renault Fuego 

Renault Fuego 

Renault Fuego 

Renault Fuego 
P.39 

CAS# ODI# DATE 

1094 

1095 

1096 

1097 

1098 

1099 

1100 

1101 

1102 

1103 

1104 

1105 

1106 

1107 

1108 

1109 

1110 

llll 

1112 

1113 

1114 

1115 

1116 

1117 

1118 

1119 

10-06-83 

8-27-84 

7-26-87 

10-06-87 

5-00-87 

9-00-87 

7-00-87 

7-00-87 

7-28-87 

7-00-87 

12-08-87 

11-00-87 

8-19-87 

11-00-87 

10-29-87 

10-00-83 

11-05-87 

7-00-85 

11-07-87 

7-00-86 

12-27-87 

7-00-87 

11-03-87 

12-04-84 

5-21-85 

4-00-84 

LOCATION 

Indianapolis IN 

Columbus OH 

New Ibernia LA 

New Ibernia LA 

Cypress TX 

Arvada CO 

Pensacola FL 

Madison WI 

Basehor KS 

Longwood FL 

Roswell NM 

Baltimore MD 

Littleton CO 

Prospect Park NJ 

Centerville OH 

Evanston IL 

Johnson Citv TN 

Redwood Citv CA 

Willoughbv OH 

Reston VA 

San Jose CA 

Medford OR 

McLean VA 

McLean VA (3) 

Bellingham WA 

Garland TX 

MKR/MDL/YR 

83 

83 

85 

87 

86 

87 

85 

86 

86 

87 

85 

87 

86 

85 

81 

80 

81 

85 

81 

84 

67 

83 

76 

84 

76 

83 

Renault Fuego 

Renault Fuego 

Ford E350 

Ford E150 

Ford E150 

Itasca Sunflver 

43 

TYPE 

P 

P+S 

P-F 

P+S+V 

V+S 

P+V 

Ford E350 Chassis S+P 

Ford E350 

Ford F350 

Merc Grand Margu 

Ford E350 Van 

Rockwood Mtrhme 

Ford XL350 

Ford E350 

Chev Chevette 

Honda Accord 

Plvm Reliant 

Ford Clbwgn 

Chev Malibu 

Chrv E—Class 

AMC AMX 

Dodge Aries 

Olds Delta 88 

Chryslers 

Tovota 

Nissan 280ZX 

S 

P-F 

lis S+P 

P-L-F 

S 

P-F 

P-F 

D-A 

D-A 

D-A 

S+P+V 

D-A 

D-A 

D-A 

V 

D-A 

D-A 

D-A 

D-A 
P.40 

CAS# ODI# DATE LOCATION MKR/MDL/YR 

1120 

1121 

1122 

1123 

1124 

1125 

1126 

1127 

1128 

1129 

1130 

1131 

1132 

1133 

11-05-87 

9-03-85 

4-29-85 

8-19-87 

7-04-87 

6-07-87 

8-07-87 

6-20-86 

8-18-86 

11-01-87 

12-03-87 

3-05-88 

7-00-86 

7-00-84 

Laveen AZ 

Omaha NE 

Silver Soring MD 

Garv IN 

Gldn Gate Canvon 

Alton IL 

Prestonburg KY 

Clinch Mtn. TN 

Holman NM 

Key Largo FL 

Delrav Beach FL 

Durango CO 

Lincoln Citv OR 

Chicago IL 

76 

80 

85 

85 

CO 85 

84 

86 

86 

Dodge 440 

Chrv Cordoba 

Ford Escort 

Ford E350 Amb 

Ford F350 V+] 

Ford E350 

Ford E350 Amb 

Winn Eldn Mtrhme ] 

86 Winn Chftn Mtrhme P87 

83 

86 

86 

84 

Merc Grand Marouii 

Cadv Sdn DeVille 

Ford Bronco II 

Holidav Rmblr Mtrl 

Renault Fuego 
P.41 

APPENDIX F 

FIRES VERSUS ASTM RVP STANDARD ON FIRE DATE 

Complaint 

Number ASTM RVP 

H60877 11.5 

H69130 11.5 

H73011 11.5 

H78676 10.0 

H79837 10.0 

H81070 11.5 

H81592 10.0 

H85665 11.5 

H85678 11.5 

H85758 11.5 

H85913 11.5 

H87443 13.5 

H87708 10.0 

H87992 11.5 

H88439 11.5 

H8914A 11.5 

H90607 11.5 

H93093 11.5 

H95155 11.5 

H95438 13.5 

H96485 11.5 

H97780 11.5 

H98010 13.5 

H98146 11.5 

Date 

6/29/83 

6/22/84 

9/17/84 

7/22/85 

7/02/85 

8/19/85 

7/23/87 

6/01/86 

5/26/86 

6/03/86 

5/24/86 

4/10/86 

6/25/86 

8/30/86 

7/20/86 

8/01/86 

10/00/86 

7/30/85 

6/20/86 

5/31/86 

6/30/87 

6/18/87 

3/26/87 

6/06/87 

Location 

Holyoke MA 

So. River NJ 

Madison WI 

Lovell WY 

Lodi CA 

Mt. Haleakala HI 

Tjrge 

Catalyst/purge valve 

Fuel system pressure 

Fuel hose leak 

Filler neck pressure leak 

Vapor canister hose leak 

Filler neck spurt 

Aurora CO Fuel line pressure leak 

Providence Forge VA Filler neck spurt 

Richmond VA 

Harrison OH 

Broomfield CO 

W. Columbia SC 

Dinosaur CO 

Petersburg VA 

Sterling Hts MI 

Filler neck spurt 

Fuel filter leak 

Carburetor leak 

Carbon canister leak 

Filler neck spurt 

Fuel pump leak 

Carburetor pressure leak 

Mt. St. Helens WA Filler neck pressure leak 

Carbon canister leak 

Fuel system pressure 

Filler neck spurt 

Fuel system pressure 

Filler neck spurt 

Crystal River FL Charcoal canister hose leak 

St. Louis MO Fuel system pressure 

Bend OR Fuel system pressure 

Oroville CA 

Livonia MI 

Orange Park FL 

Ashtabula OH 

Pinellas Park FL 
P.42 

H98177 

H99212 

H99452 

H99548 

133680 

139913 

143993 

143995 

147118 

147119 

147122 

147123 

148221 

148530 

148733 

148759 

148760 

148792 

148792 

148794 

148920 

0998 

1006 

1010 

1026 

1035 

13.5 

10.0 

11.5 

13.5 

9.0 

10.0 

11.5 

13.5 

13.5 

13.5 

15.0 

10.0 

13.5 

11.5 

13.5 

10.0 

11.5 

10.0 

10.0 

10.0 

10.0 

11.5 

10.0 

11.5 

11.5 

11.5 

3/14/87 

8/09/87 

8/06/87 

5/07/87 

6/15/85 

7/17/86 

9/27/85 

10/03/86 

3/07/87 

3/07/87 

3/03/87 

6/27/86 

4/06/86 

5/02/87 

3/02/87 

7/21/87 

6/18/87 

7/01/87 

7/10/87 

7/23/87 

7/00/85 

7/00/86 

7/08/84 

5/13/87 

6/09/87 

8/26/86 

Gresham OR 

Lafayette CA 

Berea OH 

Portland OR 

Albuquerque NM 

San Antonio TX 

Rhododendron OR 

Oregon City OR 

Aspen CO 

Denver CO 

Grand Rapids MI 

Colby KS 

Hubbardsville NY 

Dwale KY 

Novato CA 

Harlington TX 

Madison WI 

Denver CO 

Denver CO 

Denver CO 

Shoshone Ice Cvs 

White Plains NY 

Purcell OK 

Pleasureville KY 

Louisville KY 

Seattle WA 

Fuel Pressurization 

Carbon canister leak 

Fuel line leak 

Filler neck spurt 

Filler neck spurt 

Fuel line leak 

Filler neck pressure leak 

Filler neck pressure leak 

Filler neck pressure leak 

Fuel system pressure 

Fuel system leak 

Filler neck leak 

Fuel system pressure 

Filler neck spurt 

Filler neck leak 

Fuel system pressure 

Fuel pressure leak 

Fuel pressure leak 

Fuel pressure leak 

Fuel pressure leak 

ID Filler neck spurt 

Fuel system pressure 

Filler neck spurt 

Fuel system pressure 

Fuel system pressure 

Gas tank pressure leak 
P.43 

1035 11.5 

1060 11.5 

1062 9.0 

1069 15.0 

1073 11.5 

1076 10.0 

1077 10.0 

1096 11.5 

1102 10.0 

1104 13.5 

1106 10.0 

1107 15.0 

1123 11.5 

1124 10.0 

1125 11.5 

1126 11.5 

1127 11.5 

1128 10.0 

8/11/86 Seattle WA 

5/09/86 Acworth GA* 

7/28/86 Levelland TX 

1/15/87 Topler MT 

8/24/84 Flint MI 

7/27/85 Loveland Pass CO 

8/14/86 Winter Park CO 

7/26/87 New Ibernia LA 

7/28/87 Basehor KS 

12/08/87 Rosewell NM 

8/19/87 Littleton CO 

11/00/87 Prospect Park NJ 

8/19/87 Gary IN 

7/04/87 Gldn Gat Canyon CO 

6/07/87 Alton IL 

8/07/87 Prestonburg KY 

6/20/86 Clinch Mtn. TN** 

8/18/86 Holman NM 

Gas tank pressure leak 

Filler neck spurt 

Fuel line leak 

Filler,neck spurt 

Gas tank pressure 

Filler neck pressure leak 

Filler neck pressure leak 

Filler neck pressure leak 

Fuel system pressure leak 

Fuel line pressure leak 

Fuel pressure leak 

Fuel pressure leak 

Fuel pressure leak 

Fuel pressure Leak 

Fuel line leak 

Fuel system pressure 

Filler neck spurt 

Filler neck spurt 

* Gasoline purchased in Florida. 

** Gasoline purchased in South Carolina. 
P.44 

APPENDIX G 

GUIDE TO CHRYSLER "DRIVEABILITY" SERVICE KITS 

(Domestic Front-Wheel-Drive Cars and Minivans Except Omni/Horizon)* 

[Note: Chrysler issues special repair kits for use by its dealers 

in solving "driveability" problems like stalling and hesitation. 

These are not recalls; repairs are free automatically if the vehicle 

is still under warranty; owners are not notified.] 

Model Year Fuel Foaming Driveability(**) / 

& Vapor Lock ( 

1987 

cars N/A 2.2L/2.5L 

minivans ALL All 2.6 & 3.0L; 

2.2L manual transmission only 

1986 

cars N/A 2.2L only 

minivans ALL All 2.6L; 2.2L manual transmission 

1985 

cars ALL All 2.2L; 2.6 (California) 

minivans ALL ALL 

1984 

cars ALL ALL 

minivans N/A 2.6L only 

1983 

cars ALL 2.6L only 

1982 

cars ALL 2.6L only 

1981 

cars ALL 2.6L only 

(*) Though the above chart is limited to Chrysler Aries/Reliant and 

vehicles derived from these, nearly all Chrysler cars, trucks and vans 

sold in the past few years are covered by one or more driveability 

service kits; for instance, all pre-1983 Omni/Horizons, plus other 

1981-82 Chryslers vith 2.2L engines, are covered by a service kit 

containing aluminum carburetor spacer plates or "isolators." to 

replace the original rubber isolators which deteriorate, causing 

stalling and hesitation. 

(**) Under this miscellaneous category, "driveability" kits 

usually contain carburetor, fuel line, or computer sensor 

components and are issued in response to a variety of engine 

problems including surging, hesitation, stalling and backfiring. 
P.45 

APPENDIX H 

VAPOR LOCK CAUSE AND CURE 

In the summer of 1982 and 1983 Chevrolet Engineering became deeply 

involved with fual handling problems and one portion cf the testing 

included ths tho class A "motor homa. As a part of this testing Chevrolet 

made use of several disastei—problem units furnished by various owners 

and RV manufacturers to batter understand the real world vapor lock 

problems in the highly customized class A motor home. We learned that 

part of the problem, but'not the total answer was the RV manufacturers, 

approach to the.fuel system plumbing. We found in our problem units many 

plumbing errors. 'Example—4 feet of rubber hose added in the middle of 

the stretch chassis, a great long piece of hose over the top of the tank 

to the pickup. One model plumbed totally in rubber and tied to tfys rear 

hot water lines with zip straps so fuel tended to boil and the lines 

wanted to suck shut or kink at each zip strap. Some RV's were equipped 

with a defective switch valve so that the ports did not line up and some 

of the valves would only switch sometimes. The ports that don't line up 

causes restriction as did the Jobs that had two additional fuel filters 

and a stretch chassis all adding to the load on the mechanical pump. A 

unit wss found wi+h » electric pump installed in the return lins •'•at^.er 

than the suction line, incorrect tank cap venting, and on and on. 

We very soon learned with plumbing errors that 100 percent of the 

rotor homes could have vapor locking problems, but with a good clean 

plurching system down the inside of the frame rail was not a 100 percent 

repair either but every error removed helped the situation. Our fuel and 

lube people contributed to the test with a nationwide survey that shewed 

the oil companies have added to the problem. Alcohol is being *ddBd 

without telling the public or advertising as gasohol. Butane is being 

*dds& to cover up for poor crudes and to help as octane improvers. 

Bottom line is the fuels are being adjusted by the various manufacturers 

and the octane modifiers generally increase tha Reid vapor pressure of 

the fuels playing an important part in the vapor lock story. The higher 

the Reid vapor pressure tha mor* vapor lock can be expected. The average 

Reid vapor pressure of regular unleaded gasoline was 9.3 in 1980, 9.8 in 

19E1 and 10.3 in 1982 with individual locations showing 12 and 13 and it 

app»'.irs that the trend will continue upward. This really converts to 

explain why SCT.O motor homes that have never had any problems could, with 

fuel changes toward tha higher Reid vapor pressure fuels, find problems 

ni vapor lock that did not exist a yaar or so ago. Mountains, steep 

grades and overloaded vehicles tend to show tha problem at Its worst as 

r»cci.-ds£ in a Park. iurv«y at. PiSc»s Peak. Vapor lock at Pik»s Peak is ihe 

single most racorded mechanical problem. 

G.K. *s tasting was done under acme very strict test procedures which 

takes too much space to reproduce but we will reproduce the results after 

tha plumbing errors were corrected. Tha tests were run on 10 lb. RVP 

•fuel and 12 lb. RVP fuel. Xf you add tha ratings after idle, after soak, 

S mile grada, tha right hand number gives a rating of success, the higher 

the number the better. 

A couple of notes—one place talks of pressure dropped to 0, another 

says pressure too high fuel spewed badly. Tha Rochester carburetor can 

operate from about 1 1/2 to 5 lbs. pressure. It is possible to starve 

the engine as wsl 1 as to ovar shoot with too much prvssurs which ls 

evidenced why many add on alectric pumps have not been successful and 

often have created a second problem. 
P.46 

•«. af October 17, 1983 Chevrolet invited all class 

.c>-'-' '"°'n* manuf acturors to tha G.M. proving grounds in Phoenix to 

discuss our findings and mako specific corrective recommendations fo 

current and future years production that included changes in truck 

•missions. The meeting was attended by 34 of the 36 manufacturers, 

suggested to the RV manufacturers that they consider building into t 

new production the following recommendtions as well as to develop so 

adaptation for problem units already existing in the field. 

—Half inch steel fuel lino mounted on the outside of the frame 

rail, protected against rub and chafe. 

* 

—Electric fuel pump mounted off the frame at the tank using a 

adjustable regulator set to 5 PSI at engine idle measured at 

the mechanical pump inlet. Our best success was with the Hoi 

pump number 12-802 that includes a regulator and has ample vo 

•for this engine.* 

—Th e fuel requirements of the 434.engine at wide open throttle 

*rm 23 gallons per hour at 2 PSI minimum and 3 PSI maximum. ' 

-fuel line lengths or routings create a situation where this c 

met, an electric pump should be added at the fuel tank to sup 

fuel to the mechanical pump on the engine. Pressure in the 

supply line will further reduce tha chance of bubbles forming 

a negative pressure situation with a mechanical pump only. 

—;A single in line filter should be placed between the tank and 

the electric fuel pump. One filter choice might be AC # 6F62( 

—Three eights inch rubber fuel line connection should be made . 

the mechanical fuel pump and at the fuel tank sending unit. 

—Power for the electric fuel pump should bs controlled through 

relay or special oil pressure switch to assure shut down in tt 

•vent of vehicle upset. Consideration could be given to a 

manual priming override in tha event the system is totally rur 

out of fuel. Normal starts would occur with tha fuel remainir 

in tha carburetor and upon starting as oil pressure came up tt 

special switch or relay would turn on the electric pump. 

Chevrolet invited all manufacturers to this Phoenix meeting beca 

we fait lt was in the best interests of our mutual customers that we 

share our findings and test information that would normally be vary r 

for »n RV manufacturer or customer to produce on their own. Chevrolt 

has told the manufacturers that any chassis—137-, 138-, or 178-Inch 

wheelbase with a 100 percent factory systam that Chevrolet will take 

whatever steps necessary to correct any vapor lock situation. On any 

units that have been modified by the RV manufacturer—such as stretch 

chassis, dual tanks, dual fuel, oversize tanks, etc. that we have ask 

tha RV manufacturer to correct any field problems that are reported t 

them. Chevrolet believes that the individual manufacturers are much 

knowledqable of their own systems and are in a much better position t 

make their own modifications for tha various models, years, and optio 

Chevrolet has completed tasting of a new 60 gallon tank. With t 

start of 1985 production, new fuel lines are being installed on the 

outsi da of tha frame rail. In tha spring of 1985 a complete system w 

be ln production with ln tank alcctrlc puchar pump +nd external 

regulator adjustable by the RV manufacturer for a oversize wheelbase. 

FCH 1/29/B5 
To 

Proa 

Subject 

John Soaert 

Ernie Albert 

Fred Harbath 

A little futl 

tank school 

Stpteab'er 5, l«la 

A contact aas aada at a aajor RV aanufacturer yesterday to conduct a futl 

tank tehool. 

The cuatoaer aerviee people have been eiperiencing cuatoaer coaplainta in 

several areas uith their afteraarkat fuel tank. 

1. Ra* fuel out the vtnt to ground or filling the charcoal canister aith 

fuel. 

2. Very tloa fual fill of the tank at the ges station. 

Z. R«» futl shooting out at tht e«ntr ahtn tht futl cap it rtaovtd. 

The first coaplaint can only occur ahtn the tank reaches the 100 percent 

brie full condition. Khan there is no air pocket in the top of the tank aad 

as fuel eipanalon occurs froa heating, tha point cbaes uith a aolid coluan of 

fuel. The choice ia to bulge the tank aitb additional espaneion or fual auat 

escape through the vent to ground or canlater at a rate controlled by preaaure 

and vant silt. 

The sloa fill coaplaint happens after reaching about the one half full 

point of the tank. This aanufacturer haa the fuel entry in the aide of the 

tank about half aay doan the tide of the tank. This it a design trade off vt 

top or corner fill location. At the eoaent fuel level covert the aaln fill 

hole in the tank tide, venting site and the spit back tube have a big bearing 

on the rate of fuel fill. Even if the coeplete top of the tank aere aide open 

like a pail the fill rata aould ba sloa because the intoaing fuel oust aove 

and displace the esisting fuel out of the aay. it't a little like being 

eatier to fill a bucket by pouring into tht top to splash to the bottoa vt i: 

the fill entered the bottoa of the pail requiring gravity to aork against 

fluid aeight and displaceaent. 

The fuol shooting out at the oaner alien the cap it reaoved it a 

coabination problea of vent aixe (too saall), incorrect positioning of the 

aatn sisa fill and spit back tube relations!::;. 

This aanufacturer haa the spit back tube eitending about one and 

three/eights into the tank planning on about *0 percent fill capacity on a 1* 

inch deep tank. With today's heats and fuel etpansion this apparently is not 

quite enough aargin of air spice fer all applications. BO percent fil! aould 

be a big taproveaent. 

Th* »>6t fill tank location raally tho.t up ac a problta ahan tha tank 

fill goes ever one half. In the condition of anything over one half tank, 

futl is alaayt at soat level in tht tank filler neck. Mhen pressure builds in 

the tank froa heat eipaneion and sightly restricted venting, the pressure is 

over tht tn»Nirt surface ef the fluid. The aoaent of cap rtaoval, fuel rushes 
backward uo tit futl ntck at tht spit back tubt cin't olttd off pressure fast 

enough. Tht futl in a tanner of speaking it alrtadv soetplact up tne filler 

neck under pressure looking for a escape rout,}. It it taat.hat steilar to 

taking a m » full ginger alt bottlt and shaking it to get tht aaiicua fizz 

then turning it upside doan and start cap reeovai. Uith a top fill or corner 

fill tank, even aith a restricted vent the chances of fuel getting out are 

greatly reduced because futl is not present UD the fill neck. About the aorst 

problea to eipett aould be air relief it the cap it reaoved. Even aith the 

prettnt sidt fill tank if tht pretturt aat rtaovtd fro* tht top of the tank, 

there can be no spit back on thr o.ntr. 

Th:t aanufacturer hat had to n dttign changtt to tht rtttriction size in 

the vent lint froa eitrecl y saall of nearly tag aire silt to about .030 size. 

I believe they aould benefit by opening the vtnt hole to socsthing in the area 

of .033 to .060. The danger of too large a vent is eaty defeat by the Oaner 

of the spit back shut off systea allowing the tank to be filled too full and 

too seall a vent equals pressure build up in tht tank. Tht restricted vent 

alsa serves aa ar. anti-siphsr. device aher. futl runs te :r.t end sf the tar.k. 

Ideally the spitback tube should go deeper into the tank to about the 20 

percent free air level. A top fill or corner fill systea should be considered 

aith the fill pipe estended Into the tank to the taae depth at the tpit back 

tube and cut at *n angle horizontal to the fluid level. Uted aith a .OSS to 

.060 rettricted vent and 6R type fill cap aould dea n up probleat in thit 

trtt. 

Underttanding the principals of ahat it needed for a good tank systea 

should not stop at the tank hardaere. Generally presture is a side effect of 

heatin; of the fuel causing usantisn and fuee pretturt*. Tht technician 

should also look for soaething a*.ing abitoraal hta:. 

Eiaaples 

1. A hoi* in the eshaust bloaing directly on the tank. 

2. Serious overload or trailer pulling putting abnoraal fire in tht 

tihauat. 

3. A bad running tngine aith higher than noraal unSurnttf fuel in tne 

exhauat systea, burned off aith the AIR puap increasing ethaust 

teaperatures. 

*. An altered or eedified eifcautt (by o»«tr er RV aanufacturer) that has 

too close a tank ts pipe cluarance. 

Frel Haroath