TSD-2a 

Processing of 2002 Biogenic Emissions for OTC / MANE-VU 

Regional and Urban Modeling 

Bureau of Air Quality Analysis and Research 

Division of Air Resources 

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 

Albany, NY 12233 

September 19, 2006 
Biogenic emissions for the time period from January 1, 2002 – December 31, 2002 were 

calculated by NYSDEC using the Biogenic Emissions Inventory System (BEIS) version 

3.12 integrated within SMOKE2.1. General information about BEIS is available at 

http://www.epa.gov/AMD/biogen.html while documentation about biogenic emissions 

processing within SMOKE2.1 is available at 

http://cf.unc.edu/cep/empd/products/smoke/version2.1/html/ch06s10.html and 

http://cf.unc.edu/cep/empd/products/smoke/version2.1/html/ch06s17.html . Note that the 

SMOKE documentation refers to BEIS3.09 and has not yet been updated for BEIS3.12. 

This affects the number of species modeled as well as the use of different speciation 

profiles. However, the general processing approach has not changed from BEIS3.09 to 

BEIS3.12. In short, this processing approach is as follows and was utilized by NYSDEC 

for its biogenic emission processing for 8-hr ozone and PM2.5 modeling: 

1. Normbeis3 reads gridded land use data and emissions factors and produces gridded 

normalized biogenic emissions for 34 species/compounds. The gridded land use 

includes 230 different land use types. Both summer and winter emissions factors for 

each species/compound are provided for each of the 230 land use types. On output, 

Normbeis3 generates a file B3GRD which contains gridded summer and winter 

emission fluxes for the modeling domain that are normalized to 30 °C and a 

photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) of 1000 μmol/m2

s. In addition, gridded 

summer and winter leaf area indices (LAI) are also written to B3GRD. 

2. Tmpbeis3 reads the gridded, normalized emissions file B3GRD and meteorological 

data from the MCIP-processed MM5 meteorological fields generated by the 

University of Maryland for MANE-VU/OTC modeling. Specifically, the following 

MM5/MCIP meteorological variables are used by Tmpbeis3 to compute hourspecific, gridded biogenic emissions from the normalized emission fluxed contained 

in B3GRD: layer-1 air temperature (“TA”), layer-1 pressure (“PRES”), total 

incoming solar radiation at the surface (“RGRND”), and convective (“RC”) and 

non-convective (“RN”) rainfall. Additionally, the emissions for the 34 

species/compounds modeled by BEIS3.12 are converted to CO, NO, and the CB-IV 
VOC species utilized in CMAQ via the use of the BEIS3.12-CB-IV speciation 

profile. In adition, an optional seasonal switch file, BIOSEASON, was utilized to 

decide whether to use summer or winter emissions factors for any given grid cell on 

any given day. This file was generated by the SMOKE2.1 utility Metscan based on 

MM5 layer-1 air temperatures to determine the date of the last spring frost and first 

fall frost at each grid cell. Summer emission factors are used by Tmpbeis3 for the 

time period between the last spring frost and first fall frost at any given grid cell, 

and winter emission factors are used for the remaining time period. Documentation 

for the Metscan utility is available at 

http://cf.unc.edu/cep/empd/products/smoke/version2.1/html/ch05s07.html . An 

animated GIF file showing the BIOSEASON file used by NYSDEC can be found at 

ftp://ftp.dec.state.ny.us/dar/air_research/chogrefe/biog_reports/b3season_movie.gif

3. For reporting purposes, the hourly, speciated, gridded emissions were aggregated to 

the county level for each day. For any given grid cell, emissions are distributed 

among the counties intersecting this grid cell in proportion to the area of each of 

these counties within the grid cell. The area gridding surrogates needed for this 

aggregration are based on a file obtained from EPA via 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/spatial/new/bgpro.12km_041604.us.gz followed 

by windowing for the MANE-VU/OTC modeling domain. 
Table 1 County and State totals of estimated biogenic emissions (tpy) 

State FIPS County NO CO VOC 

[TPY] [TPY] [TPY] 

Connecticut 009001 Fairfield 52 894 7150 

009003 Hartford 88 915 8537 

009005 Litchfield 98 1261 12221 

009007 Middlesex 54 615 5587 

009009 New Haven 80 876 7544 

009011 New London 74 906 8960 

009013 Tolland 55 651 5999 

009015 Windham 60 772 8019 

Connecticut TOTAL 560 6889 64017 

Deleware 010001 Kent 308 1354 15912 

010003 New Castle 143 875 8834 

010005 Sussex 539 2045 21595 

Deleware TOTAL 990 4274 46342 

DC 011001 Washington 30 150 1726 

DC TOTAL 30 150 1726 

Maine 023001 Androscoggin 35 885 8204 

023003 Aroostook 741 15531 140877 

023005 Cumberland 49 1298 11528 

023007 Franklin 72 3269 32111 

023009 Hancock 66 2950 27090 

023011 Kennebec 73 1425 12849 

023013 Knox 30 689 6680 

023015 Lincoln 32 849 8072 

023017 Oxford 79 3224 34189 

023019 Penobscot 211 7249 63128 

023021 Piscataquis 146 8638 80748 

023023 Sagadahoc 37 526 4504 

023025 Somerset 173 8413 77850 

023027 Waldo 57 1833 18125 

023029 Washington 144 6459 58678 

023031 York 73 1698 15571 

Maine TOTAL 2018 64936 600203 

Maryland 024001 Allegany 63 661 8664 

024003 Anne Arundel 79 945 12786 

024005 Baltimore 166 847 8102 

024009 Calvert 59 798 10048 

024011 Caroline 202 648 7907 
024013 Carroll 189 822 7853 

024015 Cecil 86 654 10093 

024017 Charles 78 1079 15042 

024019 Dorchester 134 829 10337 

024021 Frederick 204 1123 10964 

024023 Garrett 102 930 11391 

024025 Harford 141 911 9053 

024027 Howard 75 562 4460 

024029 Kent 177 498 4761 

024031 Montgomery 134 813 6786 

024033 Prince Georges 87 732 10214 

024035 Queen Annes 222 684 7146 

024037 St Marys 99 886 10793 

024039 Somerset 58 498 5796 

024041 Talbot 131 495 5225 

024043 Washington 112 781 7538 

024045 Wicomico 124 796 10304 

024047 Worcester 158 1121 13079 

024510 Baltimore 54 235 1762 

Maryland TOTAL 2934 18350 210104 

Massachusetts 025001 Barnstable 261 668 5905 

025003 Berkshire 73 1182 11029 

025005 Bristol 107 753 7142 

025007 Dukes 115 252 1728 

025009 Essex 55 794 7128 

025011 Franklin 61 1031 9424 

025013 Hampden 51 904 9201 

025015 Hampshire 61 820 7056 

025017 Middlesex 68 1085 11630 

025019 Nantucket 56 159 1362 

025021 Norfolk 49 615 5513 

025023 Plymouth 170 1197 11876 

025025 Suffolk 26 177 1351 

025027 Worcester 103 1955 23612 

Massachusetts TOTAL 1257 11594 113957 

New Hampshire 033001 Belknap 25 693 6915 

033003 Carroll 40 1512 14981 

033005 Cheshire 49 1019 10099 

033007 Coos 72 3239 33668 

033009 Grafton 91 2442 23151 

033011 Hillsborough 48 1337 14503 

033013 Merrimack 48 1314 13566 

033015 Rockingham 39 1120 10080 

033017 Strafford 25 686 6617 

033019 Sullivan 45 943 8314 

New Hampshire TOTAL 482 14306 141894 
New Jersey 034001 Atlantic 135 1225 18890 

034003 Bergen 37 239 2455 

034005 Burlington 151 1827 25255 

034007 Camden 68 491 7751 

034009 Cape May 90 566 7763 

034011 Cumberland 122 773 10699 

034013 Essex 57 199 1831 

034015 Gloucester 119 556 8444 

034017 Hudson 26 125 701 

034019 Hunterdon 81 706 5743 

034021 Mercer 85 475 4889 

034023 Middlesex 98 456 5267 

034025 Monmouth 125 1152 15423 

034027 Morris 63 604 7288 

034029 Ocean 128 1871 27063 

034031 Passaic 41 339 3841 

034033 Salem 123 535 8304 

034035 Somerset 49 518 5548 

034037 Sussex 67 718 7768 

034039 Union 21 168 2191 

034041 Warren 125 517 4505 

New Jersey TOTAL 1813 14058 181618 

New York 036001 Albany 59 730 6253 

036003 Allegany 129 1218 9526 

036005 Bronx 25 100 657 

036007 Broome 107 879 7861 

036009 Cattaraugus 148 1654 13540 

036011 Cayuga 227 986 7928 

036013 Chautauqua 202 1260 8144 

036015 Chemung 88 521 3911 

036017 Chenango 149 1120 7833 

036019 Clinton 138 1631 13341 

036021 Columbia 96 896 8484 

036023 Cortland 101 616 4280 

036025 Delaware 133 1672 13435 

036027 Dutchess 90 1096 10288 

036029 Erie 165 1127 6898 

036031 Essex 94 2547 20888 

036033 Franklin 228 2337 17197 

036035 Fulton 90 764 5275 

036037 Genesee 201 645 3993 

036039 Greene 47 886 8182 

036041 Hamilton 78 2092 16056 

036043 Herkimer 175 1783 12846 

036045 Jefferson 251 1754 12503 

036047 Kings 15 60 309 
036049 Lewis 154 1693 12116 

036051 Livingston 222 888 6048 

036053 Madison 149 1049 7528 

036055 Monroe 223 990 6237 

036057 Montgomery 106 579 4715 

036059 Nassau 81 408 2859 

036061 New York 16 76 473 

036063 Niagara 335 940 5182 

036065 Oneida 214 1515 10021 

036067 Onondaga 171 929 6259 

036069 Ontario 178 767 6024 

036071 Orange 110 1065 13024 

036073 Orleans 195 635 3314 

036075 Oswego 119 1277 7911 

036077 Otsego 157 1190 7958 

036079 Putnam 32 473 5243 

036081 Queens 20 105 543 

036083 Rensselaer 96 894 7316 

036085 Richmond 47 173 1292 

036087 Rockland 26 300 4006 

036089 St. Lawrence 376 3876 28960 

036091 Saratoga 76 1125 9010 

036093 Schenectady 39 377 3032 

036095 Schoharie 95 737 5496 

036097 Schuyler 87 438 3193 

036099 Seneca 127 438 3305 

036101 Steuben 267 1475 12085 

036103 Suffolk 368 1328 12886 

036105 Sullivan 76 1325 12538 

036107 Tioga 102 730 5400 

036109 Tompkins 96 576 4128 

036111 Ulster 82 1493 15714 

036113 Warren 46 1396 11568 

036115 Washington 183 1109 8355 

036117 Wayne 270 920 5940 

036119 Westchester 35 549 5347 

036121 Wyoming 194 720 3813 

036123 Yates 107 507 4017 

New York TOTAL 8313 63436 492483 

Pennsylvania 042001 Adams 186 892 8926 

042003 Allegheny 182 948 6727 

042005 Armstrong 108 940 9955 

042007 Beaver 69 600 4895 

042009 Bedford 128 1249 14127 

042011 Berks 280 1377 14146 

042013 Blair 91 729 7579 

042015 Bradford 224 1265 9423 
042017 Bucks 144 954 8399 

042019 Butler 149 1032 8602 

042021 Cambria 128 805 6545 

042023 Cameron 25 627 7563 

042025 Carbon 53 585 8121 

042027 Centre 158 1344 16886 

042029 Chester 264 1176 10474 

042031 Clarion 85 848 10743 

042033 Clearfield 149 1368 13267 

042035 Clinton 71 1230 18191 

042037 Columbia 106 802 9080 

042039 Crawford 204 1297 10839 

042041 Cumberland 193 816 9505 

042043 Dauphin 116 799 8502 

042045 Delaware 35 410 3250 

042047 Elk 49 949 8921 

042049 Erie 199 1107 8273 

042051 Fayette 156 1087 9277 

042053 Forest 26 577 7122 

042055 Franklin 271 1057 10296 

042057 Fulton 93 744 9341 

042059 Greene 91 830 6966 

042061 Huntingdon 135 1093 12606 

042063 Indiana 144 1078 9156 

042065 Jefferson 101 865 7362 

042067 Juniata 79 588 8263 

042069 Lackawanna 58 586 5569 

042071 Lancaster 464 1299 9565 

042073 Lawrence 114 503 3755 

042075 Lebanon 155 623 5827 

042077 Lehigh 149 594 6040 

042079 Luzerne 75 1013 13215 

042081 Lycoming 152 1457 16633 

042083 Mc Kean 57 1044 7113 

042085 Mercer 175 865 7114 

042087 Mifflin 107 620 7508 

042089 Monroe 75 773 8856 

042091 Montgomery 106 812 6736 

042093 Montour 85 321 3306 

042095 Northampton 144 506 4416 

042097 Northumberland 92 570 6340 

042099 Perry 113 804 10216 

042101 Philadelphia 29 194 1420 

042103 Pike 37 757 9946 

042105 Potter 89 1129 9027 

042107 Schuylkill 123 1050 15001 

042109 Snyder 88 538 6373 

042111 Somerset 221 1251 11228 
042113 Sullivan 45 684 5112 

042115 Susquehanna 126 978 6448 

042117 Tioga 176 1313 10942 

042119 Union 71 541 6435 

042121 Venango 72 855 9086 

042123 Warren 76 1031 7352 

042125 Washington 166 1068 7429 

042127 Wayne 89 862 5954 

042129 Westmoreland 199 1297 10589 

042131 Wyoming 60 551 4634 

042133 York 366 1393 12758 

Pennsylvania TOTAL 8645 59945 585271 

Rhode Island 044001 Bristol 40 90 441 

044003 Kent 41 328 3471 

044005 Newport 37 183 1646 

044007 Providence 39 591 6901 

044009 Washington 54 572 6775 

Rhode Island TOTAL 211 1764 19233 

Vermont 050001 Addison 186 922 6274 

050003 Bennington 43 896 7349 

050005 Caledonia 58 1149 10239 

050007 Chittenden 74 606 3633 

050009 Essex 61 1315 11795 

050011 Franklin 208 971 5927 

050013 Grand Isle 50 490 3506 

050015 Lamoille 36 727 5627 

050017 Orange 57 1182 10120 

050019 Orleans 120 1570 12842 

050021 Rutland 102 1257 9867 

050023 Washington 47 1099 9502 

050025 Windham 42 1232 10898 

050027 Windsor 57 1330 10796 

Vermont TOTAL 1142 14745 118376 

Virginia 051001 Accomack 187 959 9472 

051003 Albemarle 140 1246 12533 

051005 Alleghany 35 522 7369 

051007 Amelia 70 915 10717 

051009 Amherst 80 905 10823 

051011 Appomattox 76 830 10447 

051013 Arlington 17 64 531 

051015 Augusta 135 1049 13291 

051017 Bath 46 771 11636 

051019 Bedford 189 1279 13052 

051021 Bland 41 515 7097 

051023 Botetourt 74 780 10211 
051025 Brunswick 98 1458 18254 

051027 Buchanan 32 722 9557 

051029 Buckingham 76 1287 18830 

051031 Campbell 112 1078 12933 

051033 Caroline 73 1173 16020 

051035 Carroll 132 634 6885 

051036 Charles City 93 415 4711 

051037 Charlotte 84 1219 14277 

051041 Chesterfield 69 802 10686 

051043 Clarke 56 369 4009 

051045 Craig 39 538 7314 

051047 Culpeper 105 894 10720 

051049 Cumberland 56 814 10677 

051051 Dickenson 20 550 6910 

051053 Dinwiddie 82 1207 16511 

051057 Essex 58 671 7403 

051059 Fairfax 111 533 5538 

051061 Fauquier 150 1166 14084 

051063 Floyd 47 593 6493 

051065 Fluvanna 54 775 10756 

051067 Franklin 119 1297 15933 

051069 Frederick 64 588 8798 

051071 Giles 38 508 4918 

051073 Gloucester 32 510 5945 

051075 Goochland 47 670 10392 

051077 Grayson 60 627 8260 

051079 Greene 57 434 5727 

051081 Greensville 63 735 9009 

051083 Halifax 201 1852 22730 

051085 Hanover 91 950 12493 

051087 Henri 81 427 5468 

051089 Henry 59 805 9772 

051091 Highland 44 608 8579 

051093 Isle Of Wight 178 813 8049 

051095 James City 41 314 3989 

051097 King And Queen 77 673 7615 

051099 King George 62 540 6111 

051101 King William 102 712 7846 

051103 Lancaster 33 311 3669 

051105 Lee 97 680 7221 

051107 Loudoun 137 942 8999 

051109 Louisa 78 1142 16780 

051111 Lunenberg 88 1108 13611 

051113 Madison 70 598 7305 

051115 Mathews 27 367 4025 

051117 Mecklenburg 145 1478 18507 

051119 Middlesex 42 480 5561 

051121 Montgomery 70 501 5366 
051125 Nelson 67 979 12465 

051127 New Kent 35 600 8240 

051131 Northampton 90 263 2019 

051133 Northumberland 88 778 9298 

051135 Nottoway 74 894 10670 

051137 Orange 98 759 8265 

051139 Page 77 540 6705 

051141 Patrick 75 884 10255 

051143 Pittsylvania 203 1806 22102 

051145 Powhatan 47 675 10194 

051147 Prince Edward 69 942 12042 

051149 Prince George 73 572 6484 

051153 Prince William 38 718 10979 

051155 Pulaski 61 450 6510 

051157 Rappahannock 61 521 7141 

051159 Richmond 63 383 4548 

051161 Roanoke 63 427 5278 

051163 Rockbridge 101 813 9710 

051165 Rockingham 189 1020 12959 

051167 Russell 56 703 7975 

051169 Scott 95 753 9943 

051171 Shenandoah 117 757 10570 

051173 Smyth 78 603 7159 

051175 Southampton 177 1306 15588 

051177 Spotsylvania 46 911 12575 

051179 Stafford 27 637 8344 

051181 Surry 85 784 10024 

051183 Sussex 102 1267 16362 

051185 Tazewell 77 639 7477 

051187 Warren 44 438 6310 

051191 Washington 142 632 6822 

051193 Westmoreland 101 777 9357 

051195 Wise 35 462 5685 

051197 Wythe 109 596 7803 

051199 York 35 271 3423 

051510 Alexandria 38 145 1065 

051515 Bedford 22 101 604 

051520 Bristol 37 135 1220 

051530 Buena Vista 6 43 381 

051540 Charlottesville 18 98 528 

051550 Chesapeake 71 666 8477 

051560 Clifton Forge 27 61 436 

051570 Colonial Heights 35 88 662 

051580 Covington 24 114 1605 

051590 Danville 55 343 3405 

051595 Emporia 19 234 3300 

051600 Fairfax 18 96 1518 

051610 Falls Church 16 98 1120 
051620 Franklin 66 142 1041 

051630 Fredericksburg 14 250 3012 

051640 Galax 45 94 519 

051650 Hampton 24 127 1112 

051660 Harrisonburg 73 143 746 

051670 Hopewell 26 79 711 

051678 Lexington 8 62 620 

051680 Lynchburg 45 250 2135 

051683 Manassas 17 86 743 

051685 Manassas Park 17 50 268 

051690 Martinsville 19 190 1625 

051700 Newport News 63 231 2187 

051710 Norfolk 42 197 2692 

051720 Norton 13 120 1305 

051730 Petersburg 58 171 1419 

051735 Poquoson 17 122 1351 

051740 Portsmouth 34 285 3215 

051750 Radford 27 76 609 

051760 Richmond 29 239 3517 

051770 Roanoke 33 91 770 

051775 Salem 14 61 568 

051790 Staunton 69 205 1550 

051800 Suffolk 118 964 11269 

051810 Virginia Beach 186 924 8724 

051820 Waynesboro 43 120 895 

051830 Williamsburg 3 38 446 

051840 Winchester 42 117 772 

Virginia TOTAL 9267 80615 981848