2010

Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals

Updated Tables, July 2010
2 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to 

Environmental Chemicals, Updated Tables, 

July 2010 
3 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Fourth Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, Updated Tables, July 2010

These Updated Tables provide nationally-representative biomonitoring data from the 2005-2006 survey cycle of the 

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 51 of the environmental chemicals measured in the Fourth 

Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (released in December 2009), covering NHANES 1999-2004. The 

Updated Tables are cumulative, containing all the results from previous survey cycles (1999-2006). 

In addition, six new chemicals are reported for the NHANES 2005-2006 survey period, including data tables on four 

parabens (butyl, ethyl, methyl, and n-propyl parabens) and two phthalate metabolites (mono-[carboxynonyl] phthalate and 

mono-[carboxyoctyl] phthalate). A link to chemical information about the parabens is provided at the top of each parabens 

data table page. Two appendices are updated to include information pertinent to these six chemicals as well as the other 

chemicals included in the Updated Tables (Appendix C. References for Biomonitoring Analytical Methods; Appendix D. 

Limit of Detection Table). 

The chemicals included in this update are listed below. Click on the chemical of interest to view the Updated Table. 

The Report website is the best resource for the most recent updates of available data (http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport). 

The Report website also contains details of the Data Sources and Data Analysis, Interpretation of Report Data, and 

Chemical and Toxicological Information that pertain to the Updated Tables. 

Cotinine Perfluorochemicals

Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBuS) 

Environmental Phenols Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) 

Benzophenone-3 (2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone) Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) 

Bisphenol A (2,2-bis [4-Hydroxyphenyl] propane) Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) 

4-tert -Octylphenol (4-[1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl] phenol) Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) 

Triclosan (2,4,4’-Trichloro-2’-hydroxyphenyl ether) Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) 

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)

Metals Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) 

Antimony Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) 

Arsenic , T otal 2-(N-Ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (Et-PFOSA-AcOH) 

Arsenic (V) acid 2-(N-Methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (Me-PFOSA-AcOH) 

Arsenobetaine Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA) 

Arsenocholine 

Arsenous (III) acid Phthalates

Dimethylarsinic acid Mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP)

Monomethylarsonic acid Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP)

Trimethylarsine oxide Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP)

Barium Mono-cyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP) 

Beryllium Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP)

Cadmium Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP)

Cesium Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP)

Cobalt Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) 

Lead Mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) 

Mercury Mono-(carboxynonyl) phthalate (MCNP) *

Molybdenum Mono-isononyl phthalate (MiNP)

Platinum Mono-(carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP) *

Thallium Mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) 

Tungsten Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP)

Uranium Mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP)

Parabens

Butyl paraben *

Ethyl paraben *

Methyl paraben *

n-Propyl paraben *

Learn More at http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport

Chemicals in the Fourth Report: Updated Tables, July 2010 CDC’s Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals: Updated T ables provides exposure data on t he following c hemicals or c lasses of c hemicals. T he 

updated tables c ontain c umulative data from national samples c ollected in 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2003–2004, and new data added from 2005–2006. Not all c hemicals were 

measured in each national sample. The data tables are available at http://www.cdc .gov/exposurereport. An asterisk (*) denotes a chemical presented for the first time in the 

2005–2006 survey period.
4 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum Cotinine

Metabolite of nicotine (component of tobacco smoke)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in ng/mL) for the non-smoking U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 * .060 (<LOD-.080) .240 (.190-.302) 1.02 (.770-1.28) 1.96 (1.60-2.62) 5999

01-02** .062 (.050-.077) < LOD .160 (.120-.220) .930 (.740-1.17) 2.20 (1.83-2.44) 6819

03-04 .071 (.057-.089) .050 (.040-.070) .210 (.140-.310) .990 (.740-1.30) 2.17 (1.81-2.54) 6320

05-06 .054 (.047-.061) .040 (.030-.040) .120 (.100-.150) .630 (.460-.870) 1.47 (1.15-1.92) 6347

Age group

3-11 years 99-00 .164 (.115-.234) .110 (.066-.188) .500 (.260-1.16) 1.88 (.997-3.44) 3.44 (1.42-4.79) 1174

01-02** .110 (.076-.160) .070 (<LOD-.130) .570 (.310-1.00) 2.23 (1.63-2.78) 3.23 (2.53-4.01) 1415

03-04 .137 (.088-.213) .120 (.060-.220) .620 (.310-1.20) 2.04 (1.38-2.94) 3.35 (2.12-4.68) 1252

05-06 .078 (.062-.097) .050 (.040-.070) .220 (.160-.350) 1.22 (.880-1.82) 2.42 (1.63-3.46) 1296

12-19 years 99-00 .163 (.142-.187) .110 (.080-.163) .540 (.428-.660) 1.66 (1.50-1.95) 2.62 (2.09-3.39) 1773

01-02** .086 (.059-.126) .050 (<LOD-.110) .350 (.190-.580) 1.53 (1.09-2.12) 3.12 (2.47-3.99) 1902

03-04 .110 (.087-.139) .080 (.060-.120) .510 (.350-.670) 1.55 (1.21-1.93) 2.68 (1.96-4.02) 1783

05-06 .074 (.060-.092) .050 (.040-.060) .230 (.150-.350) 1.16 (.860-1.69) 2.26 (1.69-2.72) 1714

20 years and older 99-00 * .050 (<LOD-.061) .167 (.140-.193) .630 (.533-.820) 1.50 (1.28-1.66) 3052

01-02** .052 (<LOD-.063) < LOD .110 (.090-.150) .630 (.470-.790) 1.42 (1.14-1.89) 3502

03-04 .058 (.047-.071) .040 (.030-.050) .140 (.100-.200) .630 (.480-.840) 1.54 (1.26-1.92) 3285

05-06 .047 (.042-.053) .030 (.030-.040) .100 (.080-.120) .440 (.310-.620) 1.14 (.870-1.41) 3337

Gender

Males 99-00 .124 (.106-.145) .080 (.060-.110) .308 (.220-.410) 1.20 (.950-1.49) 2.39 (1.66-3.22) 2789

01-02** .075 (.059-.094) .050 (<LOD-.070) .230 (.160-.320) 1.17 (.960-1.49) 2.44 (2.23-2.99) 3152

03-04 .087 (.070-.108) .060 (.040-.080) .280 (.190-.360) 1.23 (.910-1.68) 2.63 (2.09-3.19) 2937

05-06 .064 (.055-.074) .040 (.040-.050) .150 (.120-.190) .720 (.550-1.07) 1.85 (1.42-2.24) 2922

Females 99-00 * < LOD .180 (.148-.230) .850 (.600-1.14) 1.85 (1.33-2.45) 3210

01-02** .053 (<LOD-.066) < LOD .120 (.090-.180) .710 (.540-.990) 1.77 (1.32-2.20) 3667

03-04 .060 (.047-.077) .040 (.030-.060) .160 (.110-.260) .860 (.580-1.15) 1.76 (1.32-2.22) 3383

05-06 .047 (.040-.054) .030 (.030-.040) .100 (.070-.130) .510 (.300-.830) 1.23 (1.04-1.52) 3425

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 * < LOD .140 (.110-.180) .506 (.370-.726) 1.21 (.900-1.70) 2241

01-02** .060 (<LOD-.084) < LOD .160 (.080-.310) .730 (.480-1.19) 2.12 (1.19-2.96) 1878

03-04 .054 (.043-.068) .030 (.020-.050) .120 (.080-.180) .690 (.430-1.00) 2.65 (1.87-3.57) 1707

05-06 .047 (.038-.059) .030 (.020-.040) .100 (.070-.150) .500 (.370-.730) 1.54 (.830-2.49) 1807

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .175 (.153-.201) .131 (.111-.150) .505 (.400-.625) 1.43 (1.21-1.75) 2.34 (1.84-3.50) 1333

01-02** .164 (.137-.197) .130 (.110-.160) .580 (.450-.770) 1.77 (1.55-2.05) 3.15 (2.50-4.30) 1602

03-04 .144 (.104-.198) .120 (.080-.180) .520 (.350-.770) 1.54 (1.20-2.14) 2.77 (2.18-3.54) 1704

05-06 .114 (.085-.153) .080 (.060-.120) .440 (.240-.690) 1.42 (.900-2.03) 2.45 (1.70-3.70) 1630

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 * .050 (<LOD-.073) .216 (.154-.312) .950 (.621-1.40) 1.92 (1.48-3.02) 1950

01-02** .052 (<LOD-.068) < LOD .120 (.090-.180) .800 (.570-1.11) 1.88 (1.48-2.30) 2847

03-04 .066 (.050-.087) .040 (.030-.070) .180 (.120-.300) .920 (.620-1.32) 2.01 (1.70-2.49) 2500

05-06 .049 (.042-.056) .030 (.030-.040) .100 (.080-.130) .530 (.330-.800) 1.27 (.980-1.62) 2404

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.05, 0.05, 0.015, and 0.02 respectively. 

** In the 2001-2002 survey period, 83% of measurements had an LOD of 0.015 ng/mL, and 17% had an LOD of 0.05 ng/mL.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
5 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Benzophenone-3 (2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 22.9 (18.1-28.9) 18.1 (15.5-23.2) 94.0 (67.5-123) 370 (225-570) 1040 (698-1390) 2517

05-06 19.4 (16.5-22.8) 14.1 (12.5-17.5) 68.8 (54.5-87.2) 433 (294-597) 1150 (936-1510) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 21.2 (16.4-27.3) 17.2 (14.9-25.9) 66.7 (38.7-102) 158 (106-246) 246 (154-618) 314

05-06 21.2 (14.3-31.3) 19.4 (11.7-26.1) 58.8 (40.5-102) 259 (115-433) 852 (355-2200) 356

12-19 years 03-04 22.9 (18.0-29.3) 20.1 (16.1-25.1) 67.1 (45.2-93.8) 170 (137-240) 407 (183-717) 715

05-06 21.2 (15.8-28.4) 14.9 (12.1-21.4) 64.3 (39.7-95.3) 227 (130-382) 633 (252-1260) 702

20 years and older 03-04 23.1 (18.0-29.6) 18.1 (14.7-23.3) 109 (72.1-140) 450 (315-733) 1220 (769-1750) 1488

05-06 19.0 (16.5-21.8) 13.5 (12.0-16.3) 70.9 (55.2-87.2) 543 (390-638) 1200 (954-1690) 1490

Gender

Males 03-04 16.8 (13.2-21.3) 13.7 (11.4-16.8) 55.3 (33.2-86.6) 178 (134-324) 567 (238-1350) 1229

05-06 14.6 (10.8-19.7) 11.8 (8.80-15.9) 43.4 (31.0-68.8) 227 (103-552) 909 (479-1190) 1270

Females 03-04 30.7 (23.7-39.8) 26.0 (20.2-34.1) 137 (106-172) 596 (403-769) 1340 (776-1790) 1288

05-06 25.5 (21.7-29.9) 17.9 (14.3-23.1) 129 (82.9-166) 638 (478-900) 1410 (945-2620) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 16.5 (10.9-25.1) 11.9 (8.50-18.3) 45.5 (25.9-78.2) 178 (76.4-412) 412 (178-2180) 613

05-06 14.3 (10.7-19.1) 10.2 (7.40-14.1) 45.6 (24.1-75.7) 214 (166-313) 635 (337-1090) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 12.8 (9.38-17.4) 10.2 (7.40-14.4) 34.3 (22.8-50.6) 127 (90.8-176) 247 (143-499) 652

05-06 12.4 (9.77-15.6) 9.40 (7.30-11.8) 33.0 (22.3-46.5) 208 (115-291) 556 (269-1060) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 27.7 (20.3-37.8) 24.4 (16.8-32.0) 121 (83.6-162) 507 (316-769) 1340 (733-2070) 1092

05-06 21.6 (18.5-25.2) 16.0 (13.5-19.0) 82.4 (64.2-114) 552 (392-754) 1370 (945-2050) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.3 and 0.4.
6 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Benzophenone-3 (2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone) (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 22.2 (17.6-28.0) 16.2 (12.7-21.6) 82.0 (58.7-108) 415 (283-577) 1080 (686-1600) 2514

05-06 18.9 (15.8-22.6) 13.5 (11.2-16.8) 60.4 (47.6-81.4) 445 (346-553) 1210 (794-1970) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 25.8 (19.5-34.1) 22.4 (14.4-33.7) 84.6 (41.0-131) 171 (132-365) 427 (171-710) 314

05-06 23.3 (15.9-34.1) 17.5 (11.6-28.3) 67.7 (39.7-105) 249 (106-631) 868 (264-2080) 356

12-19 years 03-04 17.2 (13.7-21.5) 12.9 (10.4-16.5) 43.6 (29.5-57.7) 136 (91.7-239) 350 (173-646) 713

05-06 15.8 (11.6-21.6) 12.1 (9.16-17.0) 42.5 (28.6-58.7) 164 (101-438) 625 (225-956) 702

20 years and older 03-04 22.8 (17.8-29.1) 16.2 (12.7-21.9) 93.2 (66.0-130) 491 (361-700) 1330 (880-1880) 1487

05-06 19.0 (16.3-22.2) 13.4 (11.2-16.2) 64.2 (49.3-87.0) 509 (406-628) 1480 (816-2200) 1490

Gender

Males 03-04 13.6 (10.8-17.1) 10.3 (8.36-12.9) 40.0 (24.9-62.5) 169 (93.3-316) 381 (229-685) 1228

05-06 11.7 (8.74-15.8) 9.43 (6.72-12.5) 31.9 (19.7-49.4) 176 (77.1-406) 553 (317-948) 1270

Females 03-04 35.5 (27.1-46.4) 28.2 (20.2-37.0) 144 (101-224) 686 (491-1130) 1850 (1220-2580) 1286

05-06 30.0 (25.3-35.6) 20.9 (17.0-29.0) 129 (88.0-175) 707 (527-912) 1880 (1150-2770) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 15.1 (9.44-24.0) 11.1 (6.95-16.0) 40.7 (18.3-85.8) 158 (87.4-362) 595 (118-1860) 612

05-06 12.9 (10.2-16.2) 8.63 (6.16-12.5) 32.1 (23.1-51.8) 216 (135-408) 948 (441-1220) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 8.78 (6.49-11.9) 6.80 (5.27-9.00) 19.7 (13.5-33.4) 79.8 (46.8-139) 185 (79.8-536) 651

05-06 8.69 (7.02-10.8) 6.29 (5.52-7.78) 21.2 (14.5-34.5) 118 (74.9-245) 448 (208-876) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 28.3 (20.6-38.8) 22.0 (14.6-32.7) 116 (73.5-175) 510 (380-760) 1330 (852-2410) 1091

05-06 22.7 (19.4-26.7) 16.2 (13.0-19.7) 77.3 (56.5-106) 538 (406-679) 1500 (828-2430) 1038
7 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Bisphenol A (2,2-bis[4-Hydroxyphenyl] propane)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 2.64 (2.38-2.94) 2.80 (2.50-3.10) 5.50 (5.00-6.20) 10.6 (9.40-12.0) 16.0 (14.4-17.2) 2517

05-06 1.90 (1.79-2.02) 2.00 (1.90-2.00) 3.70 (3.50-3.90) 7.00 (6.40-7.60) 11.5 (10.0-13.6) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 3.55 (2.95-4.29) 3.80 (2.70-5.00) 6.90 (6.00-8.30) 12.6 (9.50-15.1) 16.0 (11.5-23.3) 314

05-06 2.86 (2.52-3.24) 2.70 (2.30-2.90) 5.00 (4.40-5.80) 13.5 (9.30-16.8) 22.8 (13.6-34.6) 356

12-19 years 03-04 3.74 (3.31-4.22) 4.30 (3.60-4.60) 7.80 (6.50-9.00) 13.5 (11.8-15.2) 16.5 (15.2-20.9) 715

05-06 2.42 (2.18-2.68) 2.40 (2.10-2.70) 4.30 (3.90-5.20) 8.40 (6.50-10.8) 11.9 (10.7-14.8) 702

20 years and older 03-04 2.41 (2.15-2.72) 2.60 (2.30-2.80) 5.10 (4.50-5.70) 9.50 (8.10-11.3) 15.2 (12.4-18.1) 1488

05-06 1.75 (1.62-1.89) 1.80 (1.70-2.00) 3.40 (3.10-3.70) 6.40 (5.80-7.50) 10.7 (8.80-12.1) 1490

Gender

Males 03-04 2.92 (2.63-3.24) 3.20 (2.70-3.60) 6.10 (5.40-6.60) 10.4 (9.50-11.6) 16.0 (12.7-17.6) 1229

05-06 2.09 (1.92-2.28) 2.10 (2.00-2.30) 3.70 (3.40-4.20) 7.70 (6.80-9.30) 12.8 (10.1-15.8) 1270

Females 03-04 2.41 (2.11-2.75) 2.50 (2.20-2.80) 5.00 (4.20-6.20) 10.6 (8.70-12.5) 15.9 (13.5-20.1) 1288

05-06 1.74 (1.55-1.95) 1.80 (1.60-2.00) 3.70 (3.10-4.00) 6.20 (5.80-7.60) 10.4 (7.70-14.7) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 2.58 (2.15-3.08) 2.60 (2.10-3.20) 5.20 (4.40-6.50) 9.90 (7.30-13.9) 15.4 (10.2-19.7) 613

05-06 2.05 (1.75-2.40) 2.00 (1.70-2.40) 3.60 (3.00-4.20) 6.90 (5.40-10.1) 12.2 (8.00-15.6) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 4.24 (3.73-4.82) 4.30 (3.80-5.10) 8.20 (7.10-9.80) 14.2 (11.7-16.9) 20.6 (14.9-25.2) 652

05-06 2.50 (2.25-2.77) 2.70 (2.30-3.00) 4.60 (4.00-5.00) 8.00 (6.80-9.30) 11.3 (8.90-14.2) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 2.51 (2.26-2.79) 2.70 (2.50-3.00) 5.20 (4.70-5.80) 9.60 (8.30-10.9) 15.1 (12.6-16.7) 1092

05-06 1.76 (1.62-1.91) 1.80 (1.60-2.00) 3.50 (3.20-3.80) 6.80 (5.90-7.60) 11.0 (8.80-13.7) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.4 and 0.4.
8 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Bisphenol A (2,2-bis[4-Hydroxyphenyl] propane) (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 2.58 (2.36-2.82) 2.50 (2.31-2.80) 4.29 (3.88-4.75) 7.67 (6.62-8.66) 11.2 (9.78-12.4) 2514

05-06 1.86 (1.79-1.92) 1.71 (1.64-1.79) 3.01 (2.86-3.20) 5.73 (5.29-6.36) 9.70 (8.31-10.9) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 4.32 (3.63-5.14) 4.29 (3.63-5.23) 7.14 (5.83-9.56) 12.2 (9.84-14.8) 15.7 (12.2-23.2) 314

05-06 3.14 (2.79-3.54) 2.80 (2.55-3.06) 5.04 (4.46-5.71) 15.6 (8.15-22.4) 24.6 (19.9-48.5) 356

12-19 years 03-04 2.80 (2.52-3.11) 2.74 (2.35-3.22) 4.74 (4.21-5.09) 7.79 (6.41-8.87) 11.8 (8.05-14.2) 713

05-06 1.80 (1.67-1.95) 1.65 (1.50-1.76) 2.73 (2.41-2.98) 5.71 (4.07-7.50) 8.52 (6.94-12.2) 702

20 years and older 03-04 2.39 (2.17-2.64) 2.36 (2.15-2.59) 3.93 (3.44-4.33) 6.64 (5.97-7.74) 10.0 (9.01-11.4) 1487

05-06 1.75 (1.67-1.84) 1.64 (1.56-1.75) 2.84 (2.67-3.08) 5.38 (4.89-5.87) 8.54 (7.58-9.77) 1490

Gender

Males 03-04 2.38 (2.15-2.63) 2.31 (2.08-2.70) 4.19 (3.81-4.64) 7.10 (6.41-8.28) 9.94 (9.06-11.7) 1228

05-06 1.68 (1.57-1.80) 1.56 (1.45-1.64) 2.73 (2.43-3.14) 5.27 (4.64-6.04) 8.40 (6.81-11.4) 1270

Females 03-04 2.78 (2.50-3.08) 2.68 (2.40-2.94) 4.41 (3.81-5.15) 7.93 (6.48-10.2) 12.4 (9.29-18.2) 1286

05-06 2.04 (1.95-2.14) 1.85 (1.76-2.02) 3.21 (2.98-3.39) 6.47 (5.51-7.50) 9.86 (8.62-11.8) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 2.34 (2.02-2.71) 2.38 (2.00-2.65) 3.85 (3.24-4.55) 7.09 (5.00-9.04) 10.9 (8.50-14.3) 612

05-06 1.84 (1.66-2.04) 1.62 (1.45-1.84) 2.99 (2.56-3.60) 6.00 (4.51-8.00) 10.3 (6.84-14.9) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 2.92 (2.58-3.32) 2.95 (2.51-3.27) 4.90 (4.07-6.13) 8.64 (7.53-9.63) 11.9 (10.2-13.3) 651

05-06 1.76 (1.62-1.90) 1.68 (1.53-1.92) 2.82 (2.67-3.04) 4.56 (3.85-5.43) 6.81 (5.00-9.27) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 2.58 (2.37-2.81) 2.55 (2.32-2.80) 4.30 (3.93-4.67) 7.58 (6.32-8.87) 11.0 (9.34-12.4) 1091

05-06 1.85 (1.75-1.96) 1.70 (1.60-1.82) 3.08 (2.78-3.31) 5.80 (5.13-6.72) 9.77 (7.87-11.5) 1038
9 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary 4-tert-Octylphenol (4-[1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl] phenol)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.**

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .200 (<LOD-.300) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.300) 356

12-19 years 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .200 (<LOD-.400) 702

20 years and older 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .200 (<LOD-.300) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .200 (<LOD-.300) 1270

Females 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (<LOD-.800) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .200 (<LOD-.400) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .200 (<LOD-.300) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey year 05-06 is 0.2.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.

**The 2003-2004 data for this chemical have been removed, due to potential for contamination that may have occurred during sampling.

Urinary 4-tert-Octylphenol (4-[1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl] phenol) (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.**

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .560 (<LOD-.620) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .410 (.350-.610) 356

12-19 years 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .450 (<LOD-.560) 702

20 years and older 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .580 (<LOD-.670) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .390 (<LOD-.440) 1270

Females 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .480 (<LOD-.740) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .320 (<LOD-.400) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .610 (<LOD-.670) 1038

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.

**The 2003-2004 data for this chemical have been removed, due to potential for contamination that may have occurred during sampling.
10 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Triclosan (2,4,4'-Trichloro-2'-hydroxyphenyl ether)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 13.0 (11.6-14.6) 9.20 (7.90-10.9) 47.4 (38.2-58.4) 249 (188-304) 461 (383-522) 2517

05-06 18.5 (16.1-21.3) 15.1 (11.8-18.5) 76.2 (57.9-97.6) 334 (279-402) 655 (573-739) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 8.16 (6.20-10.8) 6.00 (4.00-8.50) 20.7 (14.3-31.6) 123 (36.4-163) 157 (113-380) 314

05-06 12.8 (9.89-16.7) 10.3 (8.30-17.2) 35.4 (23.9-65.8) 97.6 (67.4-181) 246 (99.5-462) 356

12-19 years 03-04 14.5 (11.0-19.1) 10.3 (8.20-13.1) 39.0 (26.5-86.4) 304 (134-566) 655 (310-890) 715

05-06 18.8 (14.9-23.8) 15.4 (11.0-21.0) 67.5 (45.3-100) 330 (174-461) 566 (389-707) 702

20 years and older 03-04 13.6 (12.0-15.3) 9.60 (8.20-11.5) 51.7 (39.6-65.7) 261 (198-317) 472 (406-522) 1488

05-06 19.3 (16.4-22.6) 15.5 (11.8-19.4) 84.3 (61.0-114) 366 (289-462) 738 (583-864) 1490

Gender

Males 03-04 16.2 (13.4-19.6) 11.7 (9.30-14.8) 84.9 (50.6-111) 317 (231-433) 574 (461-716) 1229

05-06 21.3 (17.6-25.7) 17.6 (11.9-23.2) 103 (69.9-143) 446 (366-488) 738 (601-873) 1270

Females 03-04 10.6 (9.29-12.1) 7.60 (6.10-9.10) 33.2 (27.1-39.4) 144 (96.5-250) 380 (258-430) 1288

05-06 16.2 (13.9-18.8) 12.6 (10.1-15.6) 58.7 (41.5-81.9) 226 (169-304) 513 (310-773) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 14.6 (10.6-20.1) 8.80 (5.40-17.5) 65.4 (32.8-127) 357 (225-456) 597 (372-992) 613

05-06 26.7 (21.2-33.7) 18.7 (13.5-25.5) 196 (99.4-269) 668 (475-759) 866 (750-1180) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 14.4 (11.4-18.2) 11.1 (8.70-16.1) 37.6 (30.2-58.0) 203 (87.5-341) 450 (254-750) 652

05-06 17.3 (13.3-22.4) 14.0 (10.4-19.0) 59.2 (37.7-98.3) 258 (138-460) 541 (273-1190) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 12.9 (11.2-14.9) 9.20 (7.40-11.0) 49.2 (37.8-63.4) 245 (163-334) 461 (383-527) 1092

05-06 17.5 (14.9-20.6) 15.1 (10.9-19.0) 74.3 (54.1-90.3) 288 (231-366) 569 (462-693) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 2.3 and 2.3.
11 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Triclosan (2,4,4'-Trichloro-2'-hydroxyphenyl ether) (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 12.7 (11.5-14.1) 9.48 (8.22-10.4) 43.9 (33.8-60.6) 212 (172-241) 368 (294-463) 2514

05-06 18.0 (16.0-20.3) 13.0 (11.5-16.1) 73.2 (57.3-91.6) 304 (240-364) 532 (434-674) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 9.93 (7.43-13.3) 7.55 (4.72-13.4) 25.1 (15.3-35.6) 116 (39.9-236) 236 (115-336) 314

05-06 14.1 (10.8-18.5) 13.5 (7.97-18.5) 38.6 (26.0-54.1) 108 (62.4-169) 241 (108-598) 356

12-19 years 03-04 10.9 (8.32-14.2) 7.45 (5.48-10.7) 31.8 (21.9-61.1) 193 (90.7-318) 356 (169-580) 713

05-06 14.0 (11.0-17.8) 11.1 (8.68-13.6) 51.0 (33.0-73.4) 193 (125-306) 385 (203-739) 702

20 years and older 03-04 13.4 (12.0-15.1) 10.0 (8.89-11.4) 50.0 (36.0-73.8) 224 (186-272) 385 (308-506) 1487

05-06 19.3 (16.9-22.0) 13.7 (11.6-17.0) 86.1 (64.0-109) 343 (262-411) 581 (440-718) 1490

Gender

Males 03-04 13.2 (11.3-15.6) 9.21 (6.86-12.1) 73.1 (45.8-85.9) 237 (175-294) 384 (294-506) 1228

05-06 17.1 (14.1-20.7) 12.4 (10.0-18.5) 82.6 (58.2-109) 308 (232-368) 472 (355-721) 1270

Females 03-04 12.2 (10.6-14.2) 9.54 (8.45-10.4) 32.3 (26.2-46.6) 182 (138-217) 336 (225-480) 1286

05-06 19.0 (16.1-22.6) 13.8 (11.7-16.7) 64.0 (47.6-89.8) 301 (209-434) 619 (418-898) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 13.3 (9.38-18.8) 9.18 (5.45-13.9) 66.7 (28.8-112) 292 (151-432) 453 (263-1150) 612

05-06 24.1 (19.3-29.9) 17.6 (13.3-22.8) 154 (96.4-242) 440 (379-601) 736 (601-818) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 9.94 (7.92-12.5) 7.74 (5.50-10.0) 30.2 (25.6-37.3) 132 (78.0-213) 260 (127-513) 651

05-06 12.2 (9.47-15.6) 9.50 (7.64-11.8) 41.0 (23.3-77.4) 179 (106-243) 352 (203-674) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 13.3 (11.6-15.1) 9.82 (8.11-11.5) 47.0 (34.3-67.7) 213 (160-272) 358 (276-480) 1091

05-06 18.4 (16.0-21.2) 13.5 (11.6-17.0) 73.4 (56.8-97.0) 282 (231-343) 472 (367-699) 1038
12 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Antimony

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .132 (.120-.145) .130 (.120-.150) .220 (.200-.230) .330 (.300-.350) .430 (.390-.470) 2276

01-02 .134 (.126-.142) .130 (.130-.140) .190 (.180-.200) .270 (.250-.310) .350 (.320-.400) 2690

03-04 * .080 (<LOD-.090) .130 (.120-.150) .200 (.190-.220) .280 (.250-.320) 2558

05-06 .073 (.066-.081) .070 (.070-.080) .120 (.110-.140) .220 (.180-.250) .300 (.270-.360) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 .176 (.154-.200) .190 (.160-.210) .260 (.230-.280) .350 (.300-.400) .440 (.320-.600) 316

01-02 .146 (.134-.160) .150 (.130-.160) .200 (.180-.210) .270 (.240-.330) .340 (.280-.440) 368

03-04 .099 (.087-.114) .100 (.070-.120) .160 (.120-.200) .240 (.190-.310) .310 (.230-.330) 290

05-06 .075 (.063-.088) .080 (.060-.090) .110 (.090-.130) .190 (.120-.260) .240 (.170-.340) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .158 (.141-.178) .170 (.150-.180) .240 (.210-.270) .350 (.290-.420) .460 (.350-.510) 663

01-02 .169 (.156-.184) .160 (.150-.180) .240 (.220-.260) .350 (.320-.410) .460 (.400-.500) 762

03-04 .105 (.095-.115) .100 (.090-.120) .150 (.140-.160) .230 (.200-.270) .290 (.250-.370) 725

05-06 .092 (.083-.101) .090 (.080-.100) .140 (.130-.160) .240 (.200-.270) .280 (.250-.320) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .123 (.112-.137) .120 (.110-.130) .200 (.180-.220) .310 (.290-.350) .430 (.390-.470) 1297

01-02 .128 (.119-.136) .130 (.120-.130) .180 (.170-.190) .250 (.220-.300) .330 (.280-.390) 1560

03-04 * .070 (<LOD-.080) .120 (.100-.140) .190 (.170-.210) .270 (.220-.320) 1543

05-06 .070 (.064-.078) .070 (.060-.080) .120 (.110-.140) .220 (.180-.270) .320 (.260-.420) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .143 (.131-.157) .150 (.130-.160) .240 (.220-.260) .350 (.330-.390) .470 (.390-.570) 1132

01-02 .145 (.136-.154) .140 (.130-.150) .200 (.190-.210) .310 (.280-.330) .390 (.350-.440) 1335

03-04 .095 (.088-.103) .090 (.080-.100) .140 (.130-.160) .220 (.200-.250) .320 (.270-.350) 1281

05-06 .085 (.076-.095) .080 (.080-.090) .140 (.120-.160) .250 (.210-.290) .350 (.260-.460) 1271

Females 99-00 .122 (.109-.137) .120 (.110-.140) .200 (.180-.220) .300 (.280-.340) .400 (.350-.460) 1144

01-02 .125 (.117-.133) .120 (.120-.130) .180 (.160-.190) .240 (.220-.280) .320 (.260-.360) 1355

03-04 * < LOD .120 (.090-.140) .180 (.150-.220) .230 (.190-.330) 1277

05-06 .063 (.057-.071) .060 (.050-.070) .100 (.090-.120) .180 (.150-.230) .270 (.200-.330) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .132 (.108-.161) .140 (.120-.170) .210 (.180-.240) .300 (.260-.390) .430 (.330-.560) 787

01-02 .142 (.130-.154) .130 (.130-.150) .200 (.170-.230) .260 (.240-.320) .360 (.300-.400) 683

03-04 .093 (.079-.110) .090 (<LOD-.120) .140 (.120-.160) .190 (.160-.260) .270 (.210-.330) 618

05-06 .093 (.082-.105) .090 (.080-.100) .150 (.140-.170) .250 (.210-.340) .470 (.270-.850) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .175 (.148-.207) .180 (.150-.200) .260 (.230-.300) .400 (.310-.490) .490 (.410-.710) 554

01-02 .180 (.164-.197) .170 (.160-.190) .250 (.220-.280) .360 (.320-.410) .460 (.370-.530) 667

03-04 .108 (.098-.119) .110 (.100-.120) .160 (.150-.190) .230 (.200-.280) .310 (.250-.360) 723

05-06 .088 (.077-.100) .090 (.080-.100) .140 (.130-.170) .210 (.190-.250) .280 (.240-.320) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .128 (.115-.144) .130 (.110-.140) .210 (.190-.230) .330 (.280-.350) .400 (.360-.500) 768

01-02 .126 (.117-.135) .130 (.120-.130) .180 (.170-.190) .250 (.230-.300) .340 (.310-.390) 1132

03-04 * .070 (<LOD-.080) .130 (.110-.140) .190 (.170-.210) .280 (.230-.320) 1074

05-06 .069 (.062-.077) .070 (.060-.080) .110 (.100-.130) .210 (.170-.260) .300 (.240-.380) 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.04, 0.04, 0.07, and 0.032 respectively. 

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
13 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Antimony (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .124 (.108-.143) .119 (.102-.143) .185 (.164-.214) .276 (.233-.333) .385 (.333-.430) 2276

01-02 .126 (.119-.134) .120 (.115-.126) .173 (.162-.188) .267 (.242-.300) .364 (.320-.414) 2689

03-04 * .080 (<LOD-.086) .135 (.119-.143) .208 (.192-.230) .277 (.250-.294) 2558

05-06 .072 (.068-.077) .070 (.060-.070) .100 (.100-.110) .160 (.150-.190) .230 (.190-.290) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 .191 (.147-.248) .185 (.156-.220) .250 (.200-.417) .447 (.271-.741) .741 (.333-1.30) 316

01-02 .178 (.159-.200) .173 (.150-.193) .228 (.200-.272) .338 (.265-.480) .471 (.313-.727) 368

03-04 .116 (.103-.130) .118 (.098-.136) .167 (.146-.187) .256 (.194-.317) .333 (.250-.500) 290

05-06 .092 (.081-.104) .090 (.080-.110) .130 (.110-.150) .180 (.150-.210) .220 (.180-.270) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .121 (.104-.140) .120 (.095-.146) .176 (.146-.207) .259 (.206-.310) .310 (.228-.421) 663

01-02 .121 (.112-.131) .115 (.106-.127) .160 (.138-.186) .224 (.199-.245) .266 (.244-.310) 762

03-04 .075 (.068-.082) .068 (.061-.077) .100 (.092-.113) .156 (.126-.173) .193 (.172-.255) 725

05-06 .070 (.065-.076) .070 (.060-.080) .100 (.090-.110) .140 (.120-.150) .170 (.150-.250) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .118 (.104-.135) .111 (.097-.135) .175 (.149-.209) .263 (.227-.320) .352 (.320-.391) 1297

01-02 .122 (.115-.129) .115 (.108-.121) .167 (.153-.181) .265 (.241-.300) .364 (.318-.405) 1559

03-04 * .079 (<LOD-.087) .135 (.116-.145) .209 (.195-.233) .278 (.250-.294) 1543

05-06 .070 (.066-.075) .060 (.060-.070) .100 (.090-.110) .170 (.150-.190) .250 (.190-.300) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .112 (.099-.127) .109 (.095-.127) .164 (.146-.181) .226 (.204-.268) .320 (.235-.391) 1132

01-02 .114 (.107-.123) .108 (.103-.115) .153 (.138-.171) .228 (.205-.250) .333 (.281-.438) 1334

03-04 .080 (.076-.084) .075 (.069-.081) .122 (.111-.132) .192 (.173-.209) .253 (.230-.278) 1281

05-06 .070 (.064-.077) .060 (.060-.070) .100 (.090-.120) .160 (.130-.220) .250 (.170-.310) 1271

Females 99-00 .137 (.117-.161) .131 (.108-.164) .213 (.176-.247) .320 (.263-.417) .429 (.357-.485) 1144

01-02 .139 (.131-.148) .132 (.124-.140) .196 (.178-.211) .295 (.267-.317) .371 (.333-.444) 1355

03-04 * < LOD .143 (.125-.161) .225 (.188-.261) .288 (.250-.333) 1277

05-06 .074 (.070-.078) .070 (.070-.070) .110 (.100-.110) .170 (.150-.190) .220 (.180-.300) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .120 (.107-.135) .114 (.105-.129) .167 (.148-.203) .250 (.209-.315) .333 (.280-.357) 787

01-02 .138 (.128-.149) .130 (.117-.143) .182 (.159-.203) .269 (.229-.308) .338 (.308-.429) 682

03-04 .086 (.076-.098) .082 (<LOD-.092) .129 (.107-.151) .189 (.154-.238) .238 (.185-.321) 618

05-06 .087 (.076-.099) .080 (.070-.080) .120 (.110-.130) .190 (.150-.310) .370 (.200-.800) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .114 (.099-.133) .112 (.098-.130) .163 (.144-.183) .236 (.195-.338) .343 (.255-.425) 554

01-02 .123 (.113-.134) .115 (.106-.127) .163 (.150-.181) .233 (.208-.267) .300 (.248-.373) 667

03-04 .078 (.071-.085) .074 (.069-.082) .109 (.096-.124) .170 (.148-.192) .222 (.179-.257) 723

05-06 .064 (.058-.071) .060 (.050-.070) .090 (.080-.090) .130 (.120-.150) .190 (.150-.220) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .129 (.109-.152) .125 (.102-.152) .195 (.167-.225) .298 (.239-.352) .400 (.333-.444) 768

01-02 .127 (.117-.138) .120 (.113-.130) .176 (.159-.198) .280 (.241-.317) .380 (.318-.471) 1132

03-04 * .081 (<LOD-.089) .139 (.124-.147) .217 (.200-.238) .286 (.253-.333) 1074

05-06 .072 (.068-.077) .070 (.060-.070) .110 (.100-.110) .170 (.150-.190) .230 (.190-.280) 1041

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
14 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Total Arsenic

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 8.30 (7.19-9.57) 7.70 (6.90-8.90) 16.0 (14.1-18.7) 37.4 (31.6-43.5) 65.4 (48.7-83.3) 2557

05-06 9.29 (8.05-10.7) 8.65 (7.48-9.99) 17.1 (14.9-20.6) 41.1 (33.3-49.7) 66.7 (53.7-87.0) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 7.08 (5.66-8.84) 6.80 (5.90-7.70) 10.9 (8.90-14.2) 24.6 (13.8-61.8) 46.9 (17.5-178) 290

05-06 7.19 (5.81-8.90) 6.96 (5.32-8.88) 11.5 (9.19-16.0) 19.6 (13.1-51.5) 34.1 (19.6-58.5) 355

12-19 years 03-04 8.55 (7.34-9.97) 8.10 (6.80-9.40) 15.2 (12.2-17.8) 30.5 (23.1-40.4) 46.1 (32.9-62.5) 725

05-06 8.19 (6.87-9.77) 7.92 (6.37-9.50) 14.0 (11.6-18.1) 28.2 (22.9-32.9) 41.9 (32.7-48.0) 701

20 years and older 03-04 8.41 (7.25-9.77) 7.90 (7.00-9.10) 17.0 (15.0-19.7) 40.5 (34.9-46.2) 66.2 (51.2-93.1) 1542

05-06 9.76 (8.43-11.3) 9.12 (7.85-10.4) 18.9 (15.8-22.9) 44.2 (35.2-56.1) 71.4 (57.7-98.3) 1520

Gender

Males 03-04 9.50 (8.34-10.8) 8.90 (7.70-9.80) 17.6 (15.2-20.1) 41.6 (32.5-52.8) 65.8 (48.7-95.4) 1281

05-06 10.1 (8.61-11.8) 8.95 (8.05-10.0) 18.3 (15.5-22.9) 40.8 (31.0-52.6) 63.7 (46.4-78.7) 1271

Females 03-04 7.30 (6.02-8.84) 6.90 (5.90-8.30) 15.0 (11.3-19.5) 33.4 (26.5-41.7) 60.5 (40.8-77.1) 1276

05-06 8.60 (7.38-10.0) 8.18 (6.64-9.97) 15.9 (13.7-19.9) 41.5 (32.2-53.7) 72.6 (54.8-122) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 9.29 (8.12-10.6) 9.20 (8.10-10.3) 16.2 (13.5-19.9) 34.4 (24.0-60.5) 68.2 (41.3-111) 618

05-06 9.55 (8.54-10.7) 9.11 (7.99-10.3) 15.6 (14.0-17.1) 29.2 (21.4-56.8) 67.6 (41.7-81.4) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 11.6 (9.50-14.1) 10.4 (7.90-11.8) 21.5 (14.9-34.4) 43.5 (36.2-61.8) 78.0 (43.6-141) 722

05-06 11.0 (8.60-14.0) 9.55 (6.99-13.3) 21.9 (14.9-28.9) 44.9 (31.1-71.4) 82.3 (49.2-164) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 7.12 (6.13-8.27) 7.00 (6.10-7.90) 13.7 (11.3-15.8) 29.0 (22.6-35.9) 53.1 (38.4-65.6) 1074

05-06 8.66 (7.20-10.4) 8.05 (6.52-9.66) 16.3 (13.4-20.6) 40.8 (29.4-50.2) 58.5 (46.0-88.0) 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.74 and 0.74.
15 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Total Arsenic (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 8.24 (7.07-9.59) 7.04 (5.93-8.51) 14.1 (11.6-17.2) 30.4 (26.0-38.7) 50.4 (40.3-64.5) 2557

05-06 9.15 (7.93-10.6) 7.70 (6.55-8.98) 15.2 (11.7-19.4) 35.1 (26.5-44.7) 62.8 (44.7-85.0) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 8.25 (6.58-10.3) 7.18 (5.93-9.45) 11.7 (9.10-16.3) 22.2 (12.0-69.5) 40.1 (14.7-188) 290

05-06 8.88 (7.05-11.2) 7.87 (6.19-9.42) 11.8 (9.32-18.9) 24.5 (13.0-62.8) 45.4 (22.9-80.9) 355

12-19 years 03-04 6.11 (5.23-7.13) 5.06 (4.47-6.04) 9.66 (7.44-11.2) 17.8 (12.0-26.0) 27.8 (20.7-35.9) 725

05-06 6.30 (5.56-7.14) 5.19 (4.80-6.19) 9.62 (8.12-11.1) 19.4 (13.9-25.8) 28.0 (21.9-33.2) 701

20 years and older 03-04 8.64 (7.38-10.1) 7.47 (6.20-9.01) 15.4 (12.7-18.8) 33.8 (27.3-41.2) 53.9 (45.4-64.5) 1542

05-06 9.75 (8.46-11.2) 8.22 (6.98-9.75) 17.0 (12.8-21.3) 41.0 (29.6-52.5) 68.4 (52.8-89.7) 1520

Gender

Males 03-04 8.00 (6.81-9.40) 6.75 (5.66-8.35) 13.7 (11.0-18.0) 28.7 (25.1-36.4) 45.6 (35.3-62.1) 1281

05-06 8.26 (7.09-9.63) 7.16 (5.87-8.54) 12.9 (10.2-18.0) 28.8 (22.9-36.3) 46.1 (35.1-66.5) 1271

Females 03-04 8.47 (7.12-10.1) 7.33 (6.10-8.75) 14.4 (11.7-17.7) 32.3 (24.2-46.6) 58.4 (42.8-75.0) 1276

05-06 10.1 (8.72-11.7) 8.29 (7.23-9.87) 17.4 (13.0-21.4) 43.8 (29.2-61.5) 74.1 (55.0-96.2) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 8.61 (7.33-10.1) 7.76 (6.30-9.44) 12.6 (10.2-15.9) 24.0 (17.7-34.8) 42.4 (24.8-62.4) 618

05-06 8.98 (7.89-10.2) 7.48 (6.72-8.87) 12.8 (11.0-16.3) 28.1 (21.1-35.5) 49.1 (31.0-108) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 8.31 (6.99-9.88) 6.88 (5.66-8.41) 13.8 (11.5-17.0) 27.6 (17.9-56.0) 54.3 (27.5-120) 722

05-06 7.96 (6.40-9.92) 6.48 (5.21-8.30) 13.4 (10.0-18.6) 32.5 (18.7-66.5) 71.4 (35.6-98.8) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 7.50 (6.25-9.01) 6.32 (5.28-7.96) 12.5 (9.86-17.1) 26.8 (21.8-32.0) 40.0 (31.3-53.9) 1074

05-06 9.01 (7.57-10.7) 7.68 (6.18-9.56) 14.3 (11.1-20.8) 31.9 (24.1-46.1) 59.4 (37.9-96.2) 1041
16 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Arsenic (V) Acid

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.10 (<LOD-1.50) 2568

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.06 (<LOD-1.43) 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.10 (<LOD-1.30) 292

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 354

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.20 (<LOD-1.60) 728

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.30) 703

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.10 (<LOD-1.50) 1548

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.09 (<LOD-1.71) 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.20 (<LOD-1.50) 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.14 (<LOD-1.71) 1276

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.10 (<LOD-1.30) 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.01 (<LOD-1.22) 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.20 (<LOD-1.60) 621

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.20 (<LOD-1.80) 725

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.10 (<LOD-1.50) 1078

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.10 (<LOD-1.74) 1050

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 1.0 and 1.0.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
17 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Arsenic (V) acid (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.04 (<LOD-3.50) 2568

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.23 (<LOD-3.55) 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.80 (<LOD-4.00) 292

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 354

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.75 (<LOD-2.41) 728

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.69 (<LOD-2.73) 703

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.18 (<LOD-3.70) 1548

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.38 (<LOD-3.94) 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.61 (<LOD-3.18) 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.14 (<LOD-2.73) 1276

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.33 (<LOD-3.89) 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.55 (<LOD-4.44) 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.69 (<LOD-3.50) 621

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.75 (<LOD-2.19) 725

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.33 (<LOD-3.95) 1078

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.38 (<LOD-3.80) 1050

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
18 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Arsenobetaine

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 1.55 (1.31-1.83) 1.00 (.800-1.40) 5.20 (4.00-6.50) 16.8 (12.7-22.3) 35.0 (27.6-44.6) 2568

05-06 1.86 (1.43-2.41) 1.53 (.980-2.26) 6.73 (4.80-8.91) 22.6 (16.5-30.3) 40.6 (30.7-59.4) 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD 1.80 (.800-4.00) 8.80 (3.90-29.9) 29.9 (6.20-190) 292

05-06 * < LOD 2.22 (.620-5.35) 7.14 (2.34-29.9) 18.9 (5.46-45.0) 354

12-19 years 03-04 * .600 (.400-.800) 3.20 (2.00-4.70) 13.9 (7.20-25.1) 31.8 (17.2-35.8) 728

05-06 * .550 (<LOD-1.14) 3.76 (1.95-7.16) 12.4 (9.15-20.4) 25.6 (16.4-32.4) 703

20 years and older 03-04 1.74 (1.48-2.05) 1.30 (1.00-1.60) 6.10 (4.90-7.10) 18.5 (14.0-23.5) 35.5 (26.8-50.5) 1548

05-06 2.20 (1.71-2.84) 1.89 (1.41-2.64) 8.14 (5.86-10.4) 27.6 (18.7-35.7) 43.9 (36.0-67.9) 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 1.66 (1.43-1.93) 1.20 (.900-1.50) 5.80 (4.40-7.10) 18.6 (13.9-23.7) 35.0 (26.8-40.5) 1284

05-06 1.83 (1.40-2.40) 1.44 (.920-2.04) 6.63 (5.06-8.66) 23.2 (12.8-33.4) 37.1 (28.5-51.3) 1276

Females 03-04 1.45 (1.17-1.80) .900 (.700-1.40) 4.70 (3.40-6.20) 15.6 (11.1-25.3) 32.7 (21.1-51.3) 1284

05-06 1.88 (1.42-2.50) 1.64 (.950-2.51) 6.81 (4.03-9.88) 21.8 (17.3-30.1) 43.3 (33.8-67.9) 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 1.19 (.871-1.62) .800 (.500-1.30) 3.20 (1.80-5.20) 10.2 (6.70-21.4) 31.4 (16.3-39.1) 621

05-06 1.44 (1.23-1.69) 1.04 (.770-1.35) 3.90 (3.03-5.06) 16.8 (11.1-32.0) 41.4 (23.4-57.9) 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 2.29 (1.60-3.28) 2.00 (1.20-3.50) 7.70 (5.00-12.0) 23.7 (13.2-38.7) 45.6 (25.1-94.0) 725

05-06 2.55 (1.64-3.99) 2.42 (1.15-4.58) 8.74 (6.01-14.4) 23.8 (15.9-48.9) 59.6 (30.5-121) 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 1.37 (1.11-1.68) .800 (.700-1.20) 4.30 (2.50-6.30) 13.3 (9.70-21.4) 29.3 (21.4-35.5) 1078

05-06 1.74 (1.27-2.40) 1.41 (.750-2.27) 6.40 (3.93-9.04) 22.4 (14.1-30.1) 38.4 (27.8-66.8) 1050

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.4 and 0.4.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
19 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Arsenobetaine (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 1.54 (1.30-1.82) 1.16 (.959-1.43) 5.00 (3.62-6.91) 16.2 (12.5-20.3) 29.4 (24.0-36.4) 2568

05-06 1.82 (1.40-2.37) 1.64 (1.10-2.41) 6.64 (4.48-8.79) 20.3 (14.5-28.1) 37.0 (27.5-58.3) 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD 2.00 (1.15-4.83) 12.2 (4.13-39.7) 29.6 (6.80-153) 292

05-06 * < LOD 2.88 (1.04-6.25) 8.77 (2.88-40.5) 23.6 (6.86-74.8) 354

12-19 years 03-04 * .531 (.400-.638) 2.14 (1.39-3.51) 9.29 (4.29-14.7) 17.3 (10.4-28.7) 728

05-06 * .620 (<LOD-.800) 2.82 (1.58-4.77) 10.5 (7.03-13.7) 15.4 (11.8-22.3) 703

20 years and older 03-04 1.79 (1.51-2.12) 1.47 (1.15-1.88) 5.91 (4.32-7.72) 17.2 (13.4-21.8) 30.1 (26.1-36.4) 1548

05-06 2.19 (1.70-2.82) 2.13 (1.40-2.83) 7.79 (5.38-10.2) 24.4 (16.6-32.9) 43.1 (30.5-71.4) 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 1.40 (1.18-1.67) 1.11 (.909-1.28) 4.78 (3.61-6.70) 14.4 (11.1-18.5) 26.5 (18.6-29.9) 1284

05-06 1.50 (1.15-1.96) 1.25 (.800-1.93) 5.11 (3.41-7.54) 15.3 (11.2-20.8) 30.5 (19.6-44.0) 1276

Females 03-04 1.68 (1.37-2.05) 1.25 (.938-1.67) 5.58 (3.50-7.43) 17.2 (12.3-24.5) 32.9 (25.6-46.3) 1284

05-06 2.20 (1.65-2.93) 2.04 (1.30-2.92) 7.86 (5.38-10.8) 26.4 (16.6-35.6) 46.2 (30.3-74.3) 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 1.10 (.786-1.55) .877 (.612-1.40) 2.93 (1.78-5.21) 8.88 (5.50-15.4) 19.0 (9.64-29.4) 621

05-06 1.35 (1.13-1.62) .970 (.810-1.19) 4.21 (2.79-5.68) 16.6 (10.5-21.3) 36.9 (18.4-69.5) 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 1.65 (1.19-2.30) 1.53 (.901-2.45) 5.81 (4.25-7.82) 13.6 (9.76-27.9) 32.9 (13.4-82.1) 725

05-06 1.84 (1.20-2.83) 1.71 (.910-2.95) 6.07 (3.83-9.25) 19.4 (10.4-45.2) 47.5 (25.3-62.0) 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 1.44 (1.15-1.80) 1.05 (.833-1.36) 4.47 (2.73-6.83) 14.3 (10.9-18.6) 26.5 (18.6-32.0) 1078

05-06 1.81 (1.32-2.47) 1.65 (.970-2.55) 6.65 (3.95-9.34) 19.7 (12.6-30.5) 36.6 (25.1-71.4) 1050

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
20 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Arsenocholine

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2568

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 292

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 354

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 728

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 703

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1548

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1276

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 621

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 725

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1078

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1050

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.6 and 0.6.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
21 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Arsenocholine (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2568

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 292

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 354

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 728

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 703

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1548

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1276

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 621

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 725

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1078

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1050

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
22 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Arsenous (III) Acid

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2568

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 292

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 354

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.40 (<LOD-1.70) 728

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.20 (<LOD-1.40) 703

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1548

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.26 (<LOD-1.73) 1276

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.00 (<LOD-3.00) 621

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.20 (<LOD-1.80) 725

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1078

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1050

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 1.2 and 1.2.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
23 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Arsenous (III) acid (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2568

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 292

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 354

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.95 (<LOD-2.76) 728

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.02 (<LOD-3.04) 703

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1548

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.43 (<LOD-3.15) 1276

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.08 (<LOD-4.44) 621

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.00 (<LOD-2.29) 725

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1078

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1050

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
24 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Dimethylarsinic Acid

Metabolite of Arsenic

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 3.71 (3.33-4.14) 3.90 (3.00-4.00) 6.00 (5.00-7.00) 11.0 (9.20-12.0) 16.0 (13.0-17.8) 2568

05-06 3.95 (3.59-4.35) 3.90 (3.46-4.31) 6.17 (5.53-7.04) 10.3 (9.00-12.2) 15.0 (12.2-17.8) 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 3.73 (3.12-4.45) 4.00 (3.00-4.00) 6.00 (5.00-7.00) 9.00 (7.00-12.0) 12.0 (8.00-22.0) 292

05-06 3.96 (3.49-4.49) 3.94 (3.20-4.71) 5.94 (5.01-7.10) 10.5 (7.10-12.1) 13.0 (10.7-15.3) 354

12-19 years 03-04 3.85 (3.34-4.42) 4.00 (3.00-4.00) 6.00 (5.00-7.10) 9.30 (7.70-12.0) 13.0 (10.0-16.0) 728

05-06 3.97 (3.46-4.55) 3.97 (3.31-4.64) 5.74 (5.11-7.10) 9.43 (7.63-11.6) 12.0 (10.7-13.9) 703

20 years and older 03-04 3.69 (3.31-4.11) 3.70 (3.00-4.00) 6.00 (5.00-7.00) 11.0 (10.0-12.0) 16.0 (13.0-19.0) 1548

05-06 3.95 (3.58-4.36) 3.87 (3.46-4.32) 6.30 (5.59-7.28) 10.3 (9.25-13.3) 16.2 (12.5-19.4) 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 4.12 (3.60-4.71) 4.00 (3.70-4.30) 6.00 (5.60-7.70) 11.0 (9.00-15.0) 17.0 (12.1-22.0) 1284

05-06 4.17 (3.79-4.59) 4.04 (3.68-4.43) 6.32 (5.41-7.61) 10.5 (8.68-13.3) 14.8 (11.8-19.2) 1276

Females 03-04 3.37 (3.00-3.78) 3.00 (3.00-4.00) 5.50 (4.80-6.20) 10.0 (8.00-11.0) 14.0 (11.0-17.7) 1284

05-06 3.75 (3.37-4.18) 3.70 (3.28-4.21) 6.03 (5.46-6.99) 9.95 (8.81-12.2) 15.5 (11.6-19.0) 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 4.72 (4.27-5.22) 4.80 (4.00-5.00) 7.00 (6.00-9.00) 12.0 (10.0-16.0) 17.0 (12.0-25.0) 621

05-06 4.43 (4.15-4.72) 4.66 (4.26-5.13) 6.93 (6.38-7.58) 9.51 (8.70-11.1) 13.1 (10.3-15.1) 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 4.27 (3.71-4.92) 4.00 (3.50-5.00) 7.00 (6.00-8.00) 11.6 (9.00-15.0) 16.0 (14.0-18.7) 725

05-06 4.28 (3.68-4.98) 4.02 (3.37-4.82) 6.42 (5.31-7.36) 10.9 (8.22-13.1) 15.2 (11.5-27.1) 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 3.27 (2.95-3.62) 3.00 (3.00-3.80) 5.00 (4.60-6.00) 9.00 (7.00-10.0) 12.0 (9.50-15.0) 1078

05-06 3.69 (3.28-4.15) 3.60 (3.19-4.08) 5.66 (5.10-6.70) 9.62 (8.11-11.8) 13.9 (10.6-17.8) 1050

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 1.7 and 1.7.
25 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Dimethylarsinic acid (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Arsenic

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 3.69 (3.24-4.19) 3.37 (2.94-3.91) 5.71 (4.69-6.74) 9.09 (7.61-11.5) 13.0 (10.7-16.0) 2568

05-06 3.88 (3.57-4.22) 3.66 (3.39-3.93) 5.71 (5.10-6.43) 9.57 (7.95-10.9) 12.3 (10.6-15.0) 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 4.34 (3.57-5.28) 4.03 (3.20-4.80) 6.32 (4.65-8.33) 10.3 (7.00-13.9) 13.9 (7.86-21.8) 292

05-06 4.89 (4.22-5.65) 4.31 (3.64-5.69) 6.85 (5.71-7.69) 10.0 (7.54-14.7) 14.7 (10.0-18.8) 354

12-19 years 03-04 2.74 (2.39-3.14) 2.55 (2.27-2.94) 3.77 (3.17-4.44) 5.88 (4.65-6.67) 7.18 (6.16-11.7) 728

05-06 3.05 (2.78-3.34) 2.92 (2.55-3.29) 4.25 (3.87-4.84) 6.68 (5.49-8.06) 9.08 (7.11-10.6) 703

20 years and older 03-04 3.79 (3.34-4.31) 3.48 (3.00-4.00) 5.95 (4.86-7.05) 9.45 (8.00-12.0) 13.5 (11.1-18.6) 1548

05-06 3.93 (3.62-4.27) 3.71 (3.42-4.02) 5.82 (5.22-6.47) 9.74 (8.00-11.2) 12.6 (10.9-15.8) 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 3.48 (2.95-4.10) 3.16 (2.70-3.82) 5.46 (4.17-6.90) 8.59 (6.92-12.0) 12.3 (8.84-18.9) 1284

05-06 3.43 (3.13-3.75) 3.24 (2.91-3.63) 5.11 (4.25-6.08) 7.90 (6.65-9.77) 11.0 (9.29-13.0) 1276

Females 03-04 3.89 (3.49-4.34) 3.57 (3.13-4.06) 5.78 (4.95-6.67) 9.32 (8.00-11.5) 13.7 (10.6-18.6) 1284

05-06 4.37 (4.03-4.75) 4.03 (3.72-4.51) 6.26 (5.71-6.84) 10.0 (8.50-12.6) 14.4 (11.2-19.3) 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 4.38 (3.80-5.05) 4.11 (3.29-4.90) 6.25 (4.84-8.15) 10.3 (8.00-11.8) 12.9 (11.1-15.2) 621

05-06 4.16 (3.83-4.52) 4.00 (3.65-4.36) 5.94 (5.40-6.49) 8.69 (7.23-9.65) 10.2 (9.52-13.2) 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 3.08 (2.69-3.52) 2.86 (2.60-3.24) 4.34 (3.82-5.05) 7.81 (5.82-9.45) 10.4 (7.61-16.9) 725

05-06 3.08 (2.70-3.52) 2.91 (2.52-3.32) 4.21 (3.75-4.91) 7.33 (5.40-10.7) 11.6 (7.66-17.9) 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 3.44 (2.97-3.98) 3.17 (2.80-3.73) 5.16 (4.03-6.49) 8.00 (6.32-10.9) 11.1 (8.00-15.4) 1078

05-06 3.82 (3.47-4.21) 3.64 (3.30-3.93) 5.71 (4.90-6.51) 9.23 (7.26-10.6) 11.6 (9.93-13.9) 1050
26 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Monomethylarsonic Acid

Metabolite of Arsenic

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD 1.20 (1.00-1.30) 1.90 (1.60-2.10) 2.40 (2.00-2.80) 2567

05-06 * < LOD 1.19 (1.05-1.34) 1.72 (1.51-1.94) 2.12 (1.79-2.70) 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.40) 1.80 (1.30-2.60) 2.30 (1.70-2.90) 292

05-06 * < LOD 1.03 (<LOD-1.37) 1.54 (1.37-2.12) 2.12 (1.51-2.73) 354

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD 1.50 (1.10-1.80) 2.20 (1.70-3.00) 2.90 (2.20-3.60) 728

05-06 * < LOD 1.31 (1.09-1.46) 1.99 (1.62-2.23) 2.41 (2.04-2.89) 703

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD 1.20 (1.00-1.30) 1.80 (1.50-2.10) 2.30 (2.00-2.60) 1547

05-06 * < LOD 1.20 (1.05-1.33) 1.70 (1.48-1.90) 2.06 (1.74-2.75) 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD 1.30 (1.10-1.60) 2.00 (1.80-2.40) 2.60 (2.10-3.00) 1283

05-06 * < LOD 1.31 (1.12-1.49) 1.79 (1.57-2.09) 2.23 (1.85-2.86) 1276

Females 03-04 * < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.20) 1.60 (1.30-1.90) 2.10 (1.70-2.60) 1284

05-06 * < LOD 1.08 (.920-1.24) 1.57 (1.36-1.90) 2.04 (1.67-2.50) 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD 1.50 (1.20-1.90) 2.20 (1.70-2.80) 2.80 (2.00-4.40) 621

05-06 * < LOD 1.19 (1.10-1.32) 1.73 (1.51-1.97) 2.04 (1.67-2.51) 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD 1.10 (<LOD-1.30) 1.80 (1.40-2.00) 2.20 (1.70-2.70) 725

05-06 * < LOD 1.02 (.950-1.07) 1.35 (1.29-1.44) 1.70 (1.50-1.88) 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD 1.10 (.900-1.30) 1.80 (1.40-2.00) 2.10 (1.80-2.50) 1077

05-06 * < LOD 1.22 (1.02-1.39) 1.75 (1.42-2.12) 2.14 (1.72-2.93) 1050

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.9 and 0.9.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
27 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Monomethylarsonic acid (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Arsenic

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD 1.33 (1.18-1.54) 2.22 (1.82-2.57) 2.86 (2.40-3.53) 2567

05-06 * < LOD 1.28 (1.14-1.52) 2.37 (1.94-2.78) 3.13 (2.67-3.76) 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD 1.63 (<LOD-1.81) 2.31 (1.88-2.50) 2.52 (2.31-3.07) 292

05-06 * < LOD 1.44 (<LOD-1.83) 2.37 (1.65-3.20) 3.13 (2.29-4.92) 354

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD 1.10 (.853-1.23) 1.53 (1.30-1.85) 2.07 (1.71-2.22) 728

05-06 * < LOD 1.05 (.930-1.14) 1.56 (1.49-1.73) 1.97 (1.78-2.13) 703

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD 1.36 (1.18-1.58) 2.28 (1.82-2.79) 3.00 (2.43-3.53) 1547

05-06 * < LOD 1.31 (1.13-1.58) 2.46 (2.00-2.91) 3.20 (2.78-3.81) 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD 1.20 (1.05-1.36) 1.88 (1.53-2.34) 2.50 (2.07-3.45) 1283

05-06 * < LOD 1.11 (.950-1.28) 1.78 (1.47-2.29) 2.46 (1.88-3.32) 1276

Females 03-04 * < LOD 1.50 (<LOD-1.77) 2.40 (1.96-2.86) 3.00 (2.61-3.53) 1284

05-06 * < LOD 1.58 (1.36-1.76) 2.78 (2.29-3.20) 3.56 (3.05-4.35) 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD 1.46 (1.11-1.93) 2.30 (1.84-3.00) 3.16 (2.40-3.85) 621

05-06 * < LOD 1.19 (1.08-1.35) 1.92 (1.60-2.13) 2.53 (2.06-2.91) 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD .816 (<LOD-.985) 1.37 (1.14-1.61) 1.88 (1.46-2.17) 725

05-06 * < LOD .790 (.720-.880) 1.11 (.980-1.34) 1.57 (1.23-1.98) 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD 1.33 (1.15-1.62) 2.28 (1.73-2.86) 2.86 (2.35-3.75) 1077

05-06 * < LOD 1.35 (1.16-1.64) 2.50 (2.00-3.05) 3.20 (2.78-3.81) 1050

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
28 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Trimethylarsine oxide

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2568

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 292

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 354

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 728

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 703

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1548

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1276

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 621

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 725

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1078

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1050

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 1.0 and 1.0.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
29 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Trimethylarsine oxide (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg As/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2568

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2588

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 292

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 354

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 728

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 703

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1548

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1531

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1276

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1284

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1312

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 621

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 725

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 695

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1078

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1050

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
30 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Barium

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 1.50 (1.35-1.66) 1.60 (1.50-1.90) 3.10 (2.70-3.40) 5.40 (4.60-6.10) 6.90 (6.20-8.40) 2180

01-02 1.52 (1.41-1.65) 1.63 (1.50-1.76) 3.12 (2.77-3.51) 5.24 (4.73-5.84) 7.48 (6.54-8.12) 2690

03-04 1.49 (1.36-1.64) 1.51 (1.35-1.72) 2.91 (2.64-3.28) 5.36 (4.86-5.71) 7.54 (6.93-8.63) 2558

05-06 1.52 (1.39-1.66) 1.58 (1.44-1.70) 2.99 (2.63-3.41) 5.34 (4.82-5.83) 7.10 (6.46-8.18) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 2.15 (1.70-2.72) 2.20 (1.90-2.50) 4.00 (2.60-6.10) 6.40 (5.20-8.30) 8.30 (5.00-76.2) 297

01-02 1.80 (1.44-2.26) 2.09 (1.74-2.49) 3.63 (2.86-4.39) 5.37 (4.26-7.38) 6.88 (5.37-8.49) 368

03-04 2.21 (1.81-2.71) 2.50 (1.81-2.75) 4.76 (3.80-5.65) 8.63 (5.59-11.8) 11.8 (6.87-14.8) 290

05-06 1.73 (1.53-1.97) 1.87 (1.61-2.03) 3.55 (2.41-4.30) 6.21 (4.30-7.32) 7.72 (6.26-8.92) 355

12-19 years 99-00 1.97 (1.78-2.19) 2.00 (1.70-2.30) 3.50 (3.10-4.00) 5.90 (4.80-7.00) 9.70 (5.90-13.1) 621

01-02 2.03 (1.76-2.34) 2.27 (1.96-2.53) 4.11 (3.48-4.72) 6.73 (5.55-7.87) 9.02 (7.25-11.4) 762

03-04 2.16 (1.93-2.41) 2.35 (2.06-2.63) 4.11 (3.48-4.71) 7.18 (6.00-8.29) 9.63 (8.15-11.4) 725

05-06 2.16 (1.92-2.42) 2.33 (1.99-2.56) 3.80 (3.60-4.21) 6.35 (5.48-7.49) 8.24 (6.06-10.5) 701

20 years and older 99-00 1.36 (1.24-1.51) 1.50 (1.30-1.70) 2.80 (2.60-3.20) 5.10 (4.30-5.50) 6.40 (5.70-8.40) 1262

01-02 1.43 (1.32-1.54) 1.50 (1.39-1.65) 2.85 (2.55-3.27) 4.86 (4.53-5.47) 7.14 (6.08-8.12) 1560

03-04 1.34 (1.20-1.50) 1.39 (1.19-1.56) 2.54 (2.21-2.91) 4.61 (3.99-5.30) 6.61 (5.57-7.43) 1543

05-06 1.42 (1.28-1.57) 1.43 (1.28-1.63) 2.75 (2.47-3.11) 5.12 (4.45-5.81) 6.83 (6.14-7.90) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 1.70 (1.54-1.88) 1.90 (1.80-2.00) 3.20 (3.00-3.60) 5.50 (4.20-6.70) 7.50 (5.90-9.70) 1083

01-02 1.64 (1.47-1.82) 1.80 (1.65-1.98) 3.15 (2.76-3.73) 5.52 (4.82-6.35) 7.87 (6.49-9.32) 1335

03-04 1.62 (1.47-1.78) 1.69 (1.49-1.85) 3.09 (2.81-3.54) 5.65 (5.14-6.16) 8.56 (6.71-9.67) 1281

05-06 1.66 (1.48-1.85) 1.71 (1.50-1.94) 3.21 (2.76-3.79) 5.48 (4.68-6.22) 7.10 (6.18-8.84) 1271

Females 99-00 1.33 (1.15-1.53) 1.50 (1.20-1.60) 2.80 (2.30-3.30) 5.20 (4.20-5.90) 6.80 (5.60-10.4) 1097

01-02 1.43 (1.30-1.56) 1.44 (1.29-1.63) 3.11 (2.74-3.43) 4.93 (4.44-5.88) 7.15 (6.32-7.86) 1355

03-04 1.38 (1.24-1.54) 1.39 (1.18-1.57) 2.71 (2.41-3.15) 4.95 (4.29-5.51) 6.87 (5.65-8.10) 1277

05-06 1.40 (1.27-1.54) 1.42 (1.30-1.63) 2.70 (2.39-3.19) 5.21 (4.65-5.71) 7.09 (6.24-7.94) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 1.35 (1.25-1.46) 1.40 (1.20-1.50) 2.60 (2.30-2.90) 4.50 (4.10-5.30) 6.30 (5.50-6.80) 692

01-02 1.21 (1.06-1.37) 1.25 (1.11-1.46) 2.56 (2.04-2.91) 4.35 (3.65-5.49) 6.43 (5.21-8.22) 683

03-04 1.40 (1.15-1.70) 1.45 (1.22-1.73) 2.62 (1.78-3.38) 4.07 (2.95-6.37) 6.01 (4.01-7.88) 618

05-06 1.33 (1.24-1.42) 1.36 (1.22-1.50) 2.63 (2.35-2.89) 4.47 (3.80-5.23) 6.21 (5.23-7.00) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 1.34 (1.12-1.62) 1.40 (1.20-1.60) 2.50 (2.30-2.90) 5.10 (3.70-6.60) 7.40 (5.40-13.9) 540

01-02 1.30 (1.14-1.48) 1.42 (1.22-1.62) 2.61 (2.31-2.82) 4.30 (3.70-5.18) 5.99 (4.87-7.26) 667

03-04 1.27 (1.17-1.39) 1.38 (1.26-1.48) 2.34 (2.05-2.59) 3.77 (3.35-4.36) 5.86 (4.76-7.45) 723

05-06 1.25 (1.15-1.37) 1.31 (1.21-1.41) 2.40 (2.22-2.61) 4.24 (3.69-4.83) 6.19 (5.23-6.96) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 1.56 (1.36-1.80) 1.80 (1.60-2.00) 3.30 (2.80-3.70) 5.50 (4.50-6.30) 7.50 (6.20-8.80) 765

01-02 1.61 (1.46-1.77) 1.68 (1.54-1.85) 3.31 (2.87-3.74) 5.66 (4.94-6.30) 7.73 (6.61-8.49) 1132

03-04 1.56 (1.37-1.78) 1.61 (1.28-1.92) 3.12 (2.75-3.70) 5.57 (5.04-6.43) 8.08 (6.87-9.53) 1074

05-06 1.59 (1.42-1.78) 1.66 (1.50-1.86) 3.08 (2.63-3.79) 5.50 (4.90-6.08) 7.10 (6.46-8.24) 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.12, 0.12, 0.31, and 0.12 respectively. 
31 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Barium (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 1.40 (1.26-1.56) 1.41 (1.28-1.54) 2.54 (2.20-2.91) 4.68 (3.85-5.47) 6.33 (5.47-8.09) 2180

01-02 1.44 (1.31-1.58) 1.49 (1.35-1.63) 2.76 (2.51-3.03) 4.58 (4.15-4.96) 6.24 (5.28-7.27) 2689

03-04 1.48 (1.37-1.60) 1.41 (1.31-1.58) 2.68 (2.44-2.89) 4.92 (4.39-5.45) 7.10 (6.29-7.77) 2558

05-06 1.50 (1.40-1.61) 1.48 (1.37-1.61) 2.75 (2.50-3.03) 4.65 (4.09-5.10) 6.38 (5.62-7.56) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 2.37 (1.68-3.32) 2.38 (1.84-2.92) 4.47 (2.55-6.46) 10.2 (3.75-22.0) 11.4 (5.46-22.0) 297

01-02 2.20 (1.91-2.52) 2.41 (2.19-2.83) 3.91 (3.29-4.51) 5.01 (4.58-6.00) 6.71 (5.20-8.47) 368

03-04 2.58 (2.22-2.99) 3.00 (2.35-3.29) 4.45 (3.57-5.54) 6.69 (5.59-7.70) 10.3 (6.53-21.0) 290

05-06 2.14 (1.85-2.48) 2.15 (1.76-2.51) 3.83 (3.10-4.73) 6.19 (4.84-7.83) 10.0 (5.76-11.1) 355

12-19 years 99-00 1.51 (1.34-1.70) 1.40 (1.26-1.59) 2.48 (1.97-3.06) 4.36 (3.23-5.39) 7.62 (4.24-11.4) 621

01-02 1.45 (1.33-1.59) 1.56 (1.31-1.77) 2.89 (2.68-3.12) 4.52 (3.84-5.20) 5.55 (4.81-6.10) 762

03-04 1.54 (1.36-1.75) 1.59 (1.39-1.87) 2.60 (2.24-3.48) 4.97 (4.34-5.58) 6.47 (5.38-7.77) 725

05-06 1.66 (1.50-1.84) 1.73 (1.52-1.93) 3.15 (2.76-3.42) 4.25 (3.88-4.56) 5.00 (4.46-6.68) 701

20 years and older 99-00 1.30 (1.19-1.42) 1.33 (1.20-1.46) 2.32 (2.08-2.62) 4.29 (3.63-4.96) 5.65 (5.28-6.33) 1262

01-02 1.37 (1.24-1.50) 1.40 (1.24-1.52) 2.53 (2.23-2.84) 4.38 (4.02-5.00) 6.55 (5.00-7.64) 1559

03-04 1.38 (1.26-1.50) 1.32 (1.22-1.41) 2.39 (2.13-2.70) 4.39 (3.77-5.16) 7.00 (5.45-8.50) 1543

05-06 1.42 (1.30-1.54) 1.39 (1.26-1.55) 2.59 (2.33-2.82) 4.53 (3.65-5.40) 6.34 (5.37-7.67) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 1.32 (1.22-1.42) 1.36 (1.23-1.47) 2.39 (2.11-2.57) 4.24 (3.48-5.00) 5.61 (4.39-10.2) 1083

01-02 1.30 (1.16-1.45) 1.34 (1.19-1.50) 2.46 (2.14-2.83) 4.51 (3.73-4.96) 5.42 (4.81-7.51) 1334

03-04 1.36 (1.26-1.47) 1.31 (1.19-1.43) 2.60 (2.37-2.75) 4.36 (3.97-4.72) 6.01 (5.45-6.96) 1281

05-06 1.36 (1.23-1.50) 1.38 (1.25-1.52) 2.36 (2.19-2.73) 4.24 (3.65-4.82) 5.69 (4.75-7.36) 1271

Females 99-00 1.49 (1.27-1.74) 1.48 (1.29-1.68) 2.65 (2.13-3.46) 4.91 (3.96-6.38) 7.36 (5.25-11.3) 1097

01-02 1.59 (1.45-1.75) 1.64 (1.48-1.79) 2.98 (2.75-3.30) 4.76 (4.38-5.31) 6.97 (5.86-7.52) 1355

03-04 1.60 (1.45-1.77) 1.55 (1.35-1.73) 2.78 (2.34-3.25) 5.50 (4.43-6.86) 7.88 (6.28-11.5) 1277

05-06 1.65 (1.54-1.76) 1.63 (1.45-1.83) 3.09 (2.71-3.38) 4.87 (4.48-5.65) 7.48 (6.04-10.0) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 1.21 (1.10-1.33) 1.18 (1.05-1.38) 2.39 (2.10-2.59) 4.00 (3.33-4.80) 5.31 (4.80-6.51) 692

01-02 1.18 (1.03-1.34) 1.16 (1.00-1.38) 2.33 (1.90-2.61) 3.68 (3.29-4.10) 4.96 (4.24-6.80) 682

03-04 1.29 (1.08-1.55) 1.28 (1.03-1.53) 2.25 (1.73-2.97) 3.99 (2.79-5.03) 4.99 (4.24-6.56) 618

05-06 1.25 (1.17-1.33) 1.21 (1.09-1.33) 2.27 (1.84-2.61) 3.66 (3.07-4.35) 5.11 (4.00-5.95) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .881 (.703-1.11) .905 (.710-1.06) 1.64 (1.36-2.00) 3.27 (2.26-4.76) 4.84 (3.57-10.8) 540

01-02 .891 (.777-1.02) .921 (.754-1.11) 1.64 (1.44-2.03) 2.86 (2.48-3.37) 4.02 (3.52-4.68) 667

03-04 .915 (.832-1.01) .963 (.880-1.04) 1.51 (1.39-1.75) 2.62 (2.29-3.04) 3.76 (3.22-4.72) 723

05-06 .909 (.845-.979) .880 (.820-.970) 1.78 (1.56-1.97) 2.99 (2.63-3.14) 3.91 (3.39-4.73) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 1.56 (1.38-1.77) 1.55 (1.36-1.74) 2.72 (2.27-3.24) 5.00 (3.81-6.02) 6.60 (5.52-10.2) 765

01-02 1.62 (1.49-1.76) 1.66 (1.49-1.82) 3.04 (2.76-3.32) 4.96 (4.55-5.41) 6.74 (5.57-7.64) 1132

03-04 1.64 (1.49-1.82) 1.60 (1.40-1.76) 2.88 (2.56-3.26) 5.38 (4.67-6.28) 7.57 (6.69-9.27) 1074

05-06 1.65 (1.52-1.80) 1.61 (1.46-1.83) 2.95 (2.70-3.26) 4.82 (4.32-5.65) 7.21 (5.69-8.51) 1041
32 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Beryllium

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2465

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2690

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2558

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 340

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 368

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 290

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 355

12-19 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 719

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .140 (<LOD-.170) 762

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 725

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 701

20 years and older 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1406

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1560

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1543

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1227

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .130 (<LOD-.150) 1335

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1281

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1271

Females 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1238

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1355

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1277

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 884

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .130 (<LOD-.160) 683

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 618

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 568

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 667

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 723

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 822

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1132

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1074

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.13, 0.13, 0.13, and 0.072 respectively. 

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
33 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Beryllium (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2465

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2689

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2558

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 340

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 368

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 290

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 355

12-19 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 719

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .231 (<LOD-.273) 762

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 725

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 701

20 years and older 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1406

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1559

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1543

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1227

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .281 (<LOD-.333) 1334

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1281

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1271

Females 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1238

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1355

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1277

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 884

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .346 (<LOD-.391) 682

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 618

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 568

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 667

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 723

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 822

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1132

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1074

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1041

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
34 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Blood Cadmium

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of blood concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .412 (.378-.449) .400 (.300-.400) .600 (.500-.700) 1.00 (1.00-1.10) 1.40 (1.30-1.40) 7970

01-02 * .300 (.300-.400) .500 (.500-.600) 1.00 (.900-1.10) 1.40 (1.20-1.70) 8945

03-04 .304 (.289-.320) .300 (.300-.300) .500 (.500-.600) 1.10 (1.00-1.20) 1.60 (1.50-1.60) 8372

05-06 .310 (.294-.327) .270 (.250-.280) .510 (.460-.560) 1.02 (.910-1.13) 1.53 (1.34-1.75) 8407

Age group

1-5 years 99-00 * < LOD .300 (<LOD-.400) .400 (.300-.400) .400 (.300-.700) 723

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (.300-.300) 898

03-04 * < LOD < LOD .200 (.200-.300) .200 (.200-.400) 910

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .230 (.210-.250) 968

6-11 years 99-00 * < LOD .300 (<LOD-.400) .400 (.300-.500) .500 (.400-.500) 905

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .300 (.300-.300) .400 (.400-.400) 1044

03-04 * < LOD .200 (<LOD-.200) .300 (.200-.300) .300 (.300-.300) 856

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .220 (.200-.240) .260 (.230-.280) 934

12-19 years 99-00 .333 (.304-.366) .300 (.300-.400) .400 (.400-.500) .800 (.600-1.00) 1.10 (.900-1.20) 2135

01-02 * < LOD .300 (.300-.400) .500 (.400-.700) .900 (.700-1.20) 2231

03-04 * .200 (<LOD-.200) .300 (.300-.300) .600 (.500-.700) .900 (.800-1.10) 2081

05-06 * < LOD .250 (.240-.270) .520 (.410-.680) .960 (.820-1.08) 1996

20 years and older 99-00 .468 (.426-.513) .400 (.400-.500) .700 (.600-.800) 1.10 (1.00-1.20) 1.50 (1.40-1.60) 4207

01-02 .425 (.400-.452) .400 (.400-.400) .600 (.600-.700) 1.10 (1.00-1.30) 1.60 (1.40-1.90) 4772

03-04 .378 (.359-.398) .400 (.300-.400) .600 (.600-.700) 1.20 (1.20-1.30) 1.80 (1.60-1.90) 4525

05-06 .373 (.352-.395) .330 (.310-.350) .610 (.570-.660) 1.17 (1.06-1.26) 1.72 (1.53-1.95) 4509

Gender

Males 99-00 .403 (.368-.441) .400 (.300-.400) .600 (.500-.700) 1.00 (.900-1.10) 1.40 (1.30-1.50) 3913

01-02 * .300 (<LOD-.300) .500 (.500-.600) 1.00 (.900-1.10) 1.50 (1.20-1.80) 4339

03-04 .283 (.266-.300) .300 (.200-.300) .500 (.500-.500) 1.10 (1.00-1.20) 1.60 (1.50-1.60) 4131

05-06 * .240 (.220-.260) .470 (.420-.530) 1.02 (.910-1.12) 1.53 (1.27-1.86) 4092

Females 99-00 .421 (.386-.460) .400 (.400-.400) .600 (.500-.700) 1.00 (1.00-1.10) 1.30 (1.20-1.40) 4057

01-02 .382 (.362-.403) .400 (.300-.400) .600 (.500-.600) 1.00 (.900-1.10) 1.40 (1.20-1.70) 4606

03-04 .326 (.309-.344) .300 (.300-.300) .600 (.500-.600) 1.10 (1.00-1.20) 1.60 (1.50-1.70) 4241

05-06 .329 (.311-.349) .290 (.280-.310) .530 (.480-.580) 1.02 (.870-1.18) 1.54 (1.33-1.79) 4315

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .395 (.367-.424) .400 (.400-.400) .500 (.500-.600) .800 (.700-1.00) 1.20 (.900-1.30) 2742

01-02 * < LOD .400 (.400-.500) .600 (.500-.800) 1.00 (.700-1.30) 2268

03-04 .235 (.216-.255) .200 (.200-.300) .400 (.300-.400) .600 (.500-.800) 1.00 (.800-1.50) 2085

05-06 * .220 (.200-.240) .350 (.300-.400) .580 (.510-.680) .820 (.710-1.00) 2236

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .393 (.361-.427) .400 (.300-.400) .600 (.500-.600) 1.00 (.900-1.20) 1.40 (1.20-1.60) 1842

01-02 * .300 (<LOD-.300) .500 (.500-.600) 1.00 (.900-1.10) 1.40 (1.20-1.70) 2219

03-04 .304 (.275-.337) .300 (.300-.300) .500 (.400-.600) 1.00 (.900-1.20) 1.50 (1.30-1.70) 2292

05-06 .307 (.290-.326) .260 (.250-.280) .490 (.440-.570) 1.03 (.880-1.21) 1.50 (1.23-1.79) 2193

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .420 (.376-.470) .400 (.300-.500) .600 (.500-.700) 1.10 (1.00-1.20) 1.40 (1.30-1.50) 2716

01-02 * .300 (.300-.400) .600 (.500-.600) 1.00 (.900-1.20) 1.50 (1.30-1.80) 3806

03-04 .313 (.296-.331) .300 (.300-.300) .600 (.500-.600) 1.10 (1.00-1.20) 1.60 (1.50-1.70) 3478

05-06 .321 (.300-.343) .270 (.250-.300) .540 (.470-.610) 1.08 (.930-1.23) 1.64 (1.40-1.94) 3310

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.3, 0.3, 0.14, and 0.2 respectively.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
35 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Cadmium

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.**

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .193 (.169-.220) .232 (.214-.249) .475 (.436-.519) .858 (.763-.980) 1.20 (1.06-1.34) 2257

01-02 .210 (.189-.235) .230 (.207-.255) .458 (.423-.482) .839 (.753-.919) 1.20 (1.07-1.28) 2690

03-04 .211 (.196-.226) .210 (.200-.230) .450 (.400-.500) .800 (.730-.880) 1.15 (.980-1.26) 2543

05-06 .191 (.170-.216) .200 (.170-.220) .400 (.360-.460) .780 (.700-.860) 1.05 (.960-1.17) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 * .078 (.061-.101) .141 (.115-.173) .219 (.178-.233) .279 (.211-.507) 310

01-02 .061 (<LOD-.081) .077 (.067-.092) .140 (.112-.160) .219 (.184-.262) .282 (.260-.326) 368

03-04 .077 (.065-.090) .080 (.060-.090) .120 (.100-.160) .180 (.160-.310) .310 (.170-.610) 287

05-06 .066 (.056-.078) .060 (.050-.080) .110 (.090-.130) .180 (.130-.240) .240 (.160-.290) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .092 (.067-.126) .128 (.107-.148) .203 (.183-.232) .329 (.272-.372) .426 (.366-.596) 648

01-02 .109 (.087-.136) .135 (.114-.157) .210 (.189-.247) .327 (.289-.366) .452 (.366-.480) 762

03-04 .121 (.109-.134) .130 (.110-.150) .200 (.170-.210) .300 (.260-.360) .390 (.330-.490) 724

05-06 .099 (.090-.109) .110 (.100-.120) .170 (.150-.190) .240 (.210-.280) .310 (.250-.430) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .281 (.253-.313) .306 (.261-.339) .551 (.510-.623) .980 (.836-1.13) 1.32 (1.13-1.57) 1299

01-02 .273 (.249-.299) .280 (.261-.308) .545 (.493-.607) .972 (.855-1.06) 1.28 (1.20-1.43) 1560

03-04 .260 (.238-.284) .270 (.240-.300) .530 (.470-.580) .890 (.800-.990) 1.25 (1.09-1.46) 1532

05-06 .241 (.213-.272) .250 (.220-.290) .490 (.440-.560) .860 (.790-.930) 1.21 (1.06-1.32) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .199 (.165-.241) .227 (.193-.263) .462 (.381-.539) .892 (.748-1.15) 1.41 (.980-1.83) 1121

01-02 .201 (.177-.229) .223 (.191-.257) .445 (.393-.481) .875 (.741-1.03) 1.22 (1.12-1.38) 1335

03-04 .206 (.190-.222) .210 (.190-.230) .440 (.390-.490) .790 (.700-.870) 1.01 (.890-1.25) 1277

05-06 .195 (.176-.217) .210 (.190-.230) .400 (.360-.440) .800 (.730-.890) 1.17 (1.01-1.30) 1271

Females 99-00 .187 (.153-.229) .239 (.220-.255) .492 (.456-.540) .818 (.705-.980) 1.10 (1.01-1.19) 1136

01-02 .219 (.192-.251) .234 (.202-.265) .466 (.433-.519) .817 (.733-.886) 1.17 (.918-1.36) 1355

03-04 .216 (.195-.238) .210 (.200-.240) .450 (.400-.530) .820 (.700-.960) 1.20 (1.02-1.37) 1266

05-06 .188 (.160-.221) .190 (.160-.220) .400 (.350-.480) .750 (.640-.860) .980 (.830-1.20) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .191 (.157-.233) .202 (.167-.221) .447 (.351-.551) .813 (.686-.977) 1.12 (.886-1.38) 780

01-02 .160 (.135-.189) .181 (.171-.198) .322 (.285-.362) .559 (.430-.733) .766 (.633-1.15) 683

03-04 .175 (.151-.203) .170 (.150-.210) .350 (.290-.430) .680 (.520-.820) 1.04 (.820-1.20) 614

05-06 .173 (.152-.196) .180 (.160-.200) .340 (.300-.380) .560 (.500-.630) .780 (.660-.900) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .283 (.208-.387) .316 (.243-.412) .633 (.498-.806) 1.22 (.892-1.38) 1.48 (1.30-1.72) 546

01-02 .277 (.229-.336) .302 (.257-.354) .589 (.476-.713) 1.04 (.843-1.38) 1.51 (1.28-1.74) 667

03-04 .265 (.237-.295) .270 (.220-.320) .550 (.440-.640) .960 (.810-1.17) 1.52 (1.06-1.82) 717

05-06 .236 (.218-.254) .240 (.210-.260) .480 (.420-.530) .830 (.670-.930) 1.04 (.870-1.26) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .175 (.148-.206) .220 (.194-.246) .455 (.388-.510) .848 (.714-1.01) 1.17 (.963-1.47) 760

01-02 .204 (.179-.231) .221 (.191-.255) .445 (.394-.479) .817 (.717-.875) 1.17 (.989-1.24) 1132

03-04 .209 (.192-.226) .200 (.190-.220) .440 (.390-.500) .790 (.700-.860) 1.13 (.940-1.26) 1070

05-06 .185 (.159-.216) .200 (.160-.230) .400 (.330-.480) .780 (.670-.920) 1.05 (.940-1.25) 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.06, 0.06, 0.06, and 0.042 respectively. 

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.

**All results are corrected for molybdenum oxide interference in the ICP-MS method.
36 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Cadmium (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.**

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .181 (.157-.209) .219 (.199-.238) .423 (.391-.446) .712 (.645-.757) .941 (.826-1.07) 2257

01-02 .199 (.181-.218) .212 (.194-.232) .404 (.377-.440) .690 (.630-.754) .919 (.813-.998) 2689

03-04 .210 (.201-.219) .208 (.189-.226) .412 (.381-.438) .678 (.650-.716) .940 (.833-1.04) 2543

05-06 .189 (.169-.210) .180 (.160-.200) .370 (.310-.430) .650 (.590-.720) .910 (.770-1.08) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 * .085 (.063-.107) .148 (.123-.182) .210 (.171-.316) .316 (.184-.607) 310

01-02 .075 (<LOD-.094) .100 (.083-.112) .166 (.136-.192) .233 (.206-.281) .318 (.221-.440) 368

03-04 .090 (.078-.104) .091 (.075-.104) .126 (.111-.156) .200 (.147-.350) .308 (.178-.415) 287

05-06 .081 (.072-.092) .080 (.070-.090) .130 (.110-.140) .170 (.150-.190) .200 (.180-.240) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .071 (.051-.098) .093 (.084-.106) .147 (.130-.163) .215 (.204-.240) .283 (.222-.404) 648

01-02 .078 (.067-.091) .091 (.085-.101) .137 (.123-.143) .191 (.175-.234) .280 (.234-.321) 762

03-04 .086 (.077-.096) .084 (.074-.097) .122 (.113-.135) .176 (.154-.198) .234 (.187-.274) 724

05-06 .076 (.071-.081) .080 (.070-.090) .120 (.110-.130) .150 (.140-.180) .210 (.160-.240) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .267 (.247-.289) .288 (.261-.304) .484 (.433-.545) .769 (.727-.818) 1.07 (.927-1.17) 1299

01-02 .261 (.236-.289) .273 (.247-.303) .481 (.426-.518) .779 (.691-.850) .979 (.874-1.12) 1559

03-04 .268 (.255-.281) .270 (.247-.292) .490 (.444-.538) .767 (.688-.830) 1.02 (.909-1.14) 1532

05-06 .240 (.216-.267) .230 (.200-.260) .440 (.400-.500) .730 (.660-.820) 1.02 (.850-1.18) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .154 (.131-.182) .176 (.158-.191) .329 (.293-.382) .617 (.537-.700) .789 (.696-.929) 1121

01-02 .159 (.143-.177) .168 (.157-.182) .335 (.304-.364) .536 (.491-.653) .757 (.690-.856) 1334

03-04 .173 (.161-.187) .162 (.143-.185) .325 (.300-.352) .591 (.560-.631) .740 (.678-.795) 1277

05-06 .160 (.145-.177) .150 (.130-.160) .300 (.260-.340) .620 (.560-.670) .820 (.710-.990) 1271

Females 99-00 .211 (.170-.261) .267 (.239-.308) .473 (.423-.551) .783 (.690-.917) 1.09 (.813-1.38) 1136

01-02 .245 (.216-.278) .263 (.228-.297) .479 (.414-.541) .792 (.687-.884) .985 (.876-1.16) 1355

03-04 .252 (.238-.266) .253 (.227-.288) .487 (.438-.533) .802 (.716-.906) 1.06 (.940-1.21) 1266

05-06 .220 (.193-.252) .220 (.180-.250) .420 (.370-.470) .690 (.590-.850) .990 (.780-1.31) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .175 (.137-.223) .181 (.144-.225) .331 (.266-.418) .622 (.441-.828) .856 (.674-1.13) 780

01-02 .156 (.136-.178) .170 (.150-.184) .282 (.263-.340) .501 (.388-.614) .693 (.507-.839) 682

03-04 .163 (.147-.181) .159 (.140-.183) .296 (.256-.311) .531 (.418-.667) .718 (.562-.950) 614

05-06 .162 (.146-.181) .150 (.140-.170) .280 (.220-.340) .480 (.430-.510) .570 (.520-.640) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .183 (.140-.240) .202 (.168-.241) .414 (.343-.472) .663 (.516-.827) .873 (.722-.962) 546

01-02 .190 (.156-.232) .196 (.174-.225) .387 (.336-.449) .686 (.559-.850) .917 (.725-1.08) 667

03-04 .190 (.173-.210) .185 (.168-.207) .338 (.288-.431) .700 (.500-.818) .865 (.708-1.10) 717

05-06 .171 (.159-.183) .160 (.140-.180) .320 (.290-.370) .550 (.500-.580) .700 (.610-.730) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .175 (.146-.209) .219 (.191-.250) .432 (.387-.470) .729 (.666-.783) 1.00 (.826-1.16) 760

01-02 .205 (.184-.229) .224 (.208-.242) .421 (.382-.470) .719 (.668-.784) .931 (.806-1.05) 1132

03-04 .220 (.207-.235) .221 (.197-.253) .434 (.398-.476) .687 (.647-.767) 1.00 (.830-1.08) 1070

05-06 .193 (.169-.221) .180 (.160-.220) .390 (.310-.480) .680 (.630-.750) .930 (.800-1.07) 1041

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.

**All results are corrected for molybdenum oxide interference in the ICP-MS method.
37 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Cesium

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 4.35 (4.00-4.74) 4.90 (4.40-5.40) 7.10 (6.60-7.70) 9.60 (8.80-10.3) 11.5 (10.2-13.0) 2464

01-02 4.81 (4.40-5.26) 5.49 (5.12-5.90) 7.91 (7.47-8.39) 10.4 (9.56-11.4) 12.6 (11.1-13.8) 2690

03-04 4.67 (4.39-4.97) 5.14 (4.84-5.49) 7.68 (7.20-8.21) 10.6 (9.55-11.4) 12.7 (11.5-13.9) 2558

05-06 4.69 (4.41-4.98) 5.19 (4.91-5.43) 7.68 (7.21-8.09) 10.1 (9.65-10.9) 12.6 (12.0-13.4) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 4.87 (4.08-5.81) 5.70 (4.60-6.70) 7.30 (6.70-8.00) 9.00 (7.90-10.1) 9.70 (9.00-10.8) 340

01-02 4.87 (4.08-5.82) 5.64 (4.69-6.56) 7.96 (6.77-8.84) 9.88 (8.64-10.6) 11.1 (10.2-12.4) 368

03-04 5.21 (4.74-5.71) 5.50 (4.76-6.37) 8.08 (7.10-8.83) 11.5 (8.86-12.9) 12.9 (10.8-13.6) 290

05-06 4.74 (4.31-5.21) 5.38 (4.67-5.60) 7.00 (6.38-7.50) 9.30 (8.60-9.95) 11.2 (9.62-12.9) 355

12-19 years 99-00 4.55 (4.09-5.05) 5.20 (4.40-5.60) 6.90 (6.10-7.80) 8.80 (8.10-9.50) 10.7 (8.90-12.5) 718

01-02 5.22 (4.57-5.95) 5.62 (5.16-6.12) 7.55 (7.13-8.04) 9.77 (9.12-11.1) 12.0 (10.0-15.0) 762

03-04 5.04 (4.59-5.54) 5.70 (5.16-6.07) 7.53 (6.91-8.37) 9.71 (8.80-10.4) 11.6 (9.92-13.2) 725

05-06 4.76 (4.24-5.34) 5.27 (4.80-5.74) 7.50 (6.71-8.04) 9.60 (8.52-10.5) 10.6 (9.68-11.8) 701

20 years and older 99-00 4.26 (3.94-4.62) 4.80 (4.40-5.30) 7.10 (6.50-7.60) 9.80 (8.90-10.7) 11.7 (10.2-13.4) 1406

01-02 4.74 (4.32-5.20) 5.43 (5.05-5.87) 7.97 (7.43-8.52) 10.6 (9.73-11.5) 12.9 (11.2-14.2) 1560

03-04 4.56 (4.23-4.90) 5.03 (4.60-5.42) 7.66 (7.01-8.34) 10.7 (9.40-11.5) 12.9 (11.5-14.9) 1543

05-06 4.67 (4.38-4.99) 5.14 (4.84-5.44) 7.77 (7.32-8.30) 10.4 (9.72-11.5) 13.2 (12.4-13.9) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 4.84 (4.35-5.38) 5.50 (4.60-6.00) 7.50 (7.00-8.20) 9.70 (8.80-11.3) 11.7 (10.3-13.0) 1226

01-02 5.34 (4.89-5.84) 6.13 (5.61-6.64) 8.27 (7.84-9.08) 10.8 (10.1-12.1) 12.8 (11.3-15.0) 1335

03-04 5.03 (4.73-5.36) 5.59 (5.17-6.00) 7.98 (7.31-8.63) 11.0 (9.53-11.8) 12.9 (11.5-16.1) 1281

05-06 5.13 (4.78-5.51) 5.37 (5.03-5.71) 7.92 (7.61-8.41) 10.9 (9.96-11.6) 13.2 (12.4-13.9) 1271

Females 99-00 3.95 (3.63-4.29) 4.50 (4.20-4.90) 6.70 (6.20-7.30) 9.10 (8.30-10.0) 11.2 (9.90-12.9) 1238

01-02 4.36 (3.95-4.81) 4.87 (4.45-5.25) 7.33 (6.71-8.01) 9.77 (9.07-11.0) 12.4 (10.4-13.8) 1355

03-04 4.35 (4.03-4.70) 4.79 (4.25-5.26) 7.30 (6.87-7.81) 10.2 (9.40-11.0) 12.1 (11.2-13.6) 1277

05-06 4.30 (3.98-4.65) 4.89 (4.58-5.25) 7.43 (6.99-7.83) 9.79 (9.30-10.5) 12.1 (10.6-13.1) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 4.32 (3.82-4.89) 4.80 (4.30-5.20) 6.70 (6.40-7.20) 9.10 (8.00-9.90) 11.1 (9.60-12.7) 884

01-02 4.63 (4.10-5.24) 5.29 (4.59-5.89) 7.08 (6.42-7.99) 9.13 (7.86-11.3) 11.3 (8.81-14.9) 683

03-04 4.94 (4.64-5.27) 5.62 (5.01-6.09) 7.86 (7.15-8.46) 10.3 (8.99-11.3) 11.9 (10.7-14.7) 618

05-06 4.64 (4.41-4.88) 5.18 (4.91-5.55) 7.29 (6.74-7.73) 9.52 (8.76-9.98) 11.5 (9.88-11.9) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 4.94 (4.33-5.64) 5.40 (4.80-6.40) 7.50 (6.90-8.40) 9.80 (8.80-10.8) 11.6 (9.80-13.1) 568

01-02 4.93 (4.70-5.17) 5.33 (5.05-5.64) 7.36 (6.97-7.59) 9.44 (8.71-9.68) 10.7 (10.1-12.3) 667

03-04 4.71 (4.47-4.97) 5.12 (4.71-5.49) 7.17 (6.72-7.60) 9.13 (8.52-9.99) 10.7 (9.99-11.4) 723

05-06 4.78 (4.42-5.18) 5.26 (5.03-5.44) 7.20 (6.63-7.66) 9.14 (8.26-10.6) 11.0 (9.63-13.7) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 4.25 (3.83-4.72) 4.80 (4.20-5.50) 7.20 (6.60-7.90) 9.70 (8.90-10.7) 11.8 (10.3-13.3) 821

01-02 4.77 (4.27-5.32) 5.49 (4.99-6.05) 7.98 (7.45-8.61) 10.4 (9.54-11.4) 12.6 (11.0-13.8) 1132

03-04 4.56 (4.22-4.94) 5.02 (4.59-5.42) 7.60 (7.00-8.23) 10.7 (9.26-11.8) 12.9 (11.5-14.7) 1074

05-06 4.64 (4.25-5.05) 5.19 (4.76-5.49) 7.77 (7.18-8.46) 10.3 (9.62-11.5) 13.1 (12.1-13.9) 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.14, 0.14, 0.2, and 0.066 respectively. 
38 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Cesium (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 4.10 (3.96-4.25) 4.13 (3.97-4.27) 5.41 (5.21-5.70) 7.14 (6.83-7.50) 8.64 (8.00-9.30) 2464

01-02 4.54 (4.30-4.79) 4.44 (4.20-4.64) 6.06 (5.66-6.47) 8.18 (7.62-8.95) 10.2 (8.84-11.7) 2689

03-04 4.64 (4.42-4.87) 4.42 (4.21-4.74) 6.11 (5.76-6.48) 8.51 (7.99-9.15) 10.6 (9.75-11.0) 2558

05-06 4.62 (4.37-4.88) 4.51 (4.20-4.76) 6.19 (5.90-6.55) 8.84 (8.14-9.24) 10.8 (9.71-12.1) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 5.34 (5.03-5.67) 5.42 (5.03-6.04) 6.63 (6.18-7.13) 8.23 (7.13-9.41) 9.90 (7.88-10.1) 340

01-02 5.95 (5.48-6.46) 5.91 (5.43-6.53) 7.77 (7.00-8.28) 9.27 (8.35-11.9) 11.9 (9.38-12.3) 368

03-04 6.07 (5.63-6.53) 6.02 (5.45-6.49) 8.30 (7.16-8.99) 10.8 (9.15-11.8) 11.9 (10.3-15.8) 290

05-06 5.85 (5.41-6.34) 5.74 (5.21-6.41) 7.65 (6.67-9.11) 10.1 (9.38-10.8) 11.6 (10.1-14.9) 355

12-19 years 99-00 3.43 (3.29-3.58) 3.54 (3.29-3.68) 4.35 (4.17-4.56) 5.31 (4.97-5.79) 6.67 (5.33-8.09) 718

01-02 3.73 (3.41-4.08) 3.55 (3.36-3.74) 4.74 (4.40-5.14) 6.10 (5.35-7.63) 8.08 (6.44-9.82) 762

03-04 3.60 (3.37-3.85) 3.51 (3.33-3.72) 4.53 (4.24-4.87) 6.08 (5.14-6.94) 7.27 (6.13-9.07) 725

05-06 3.66 (3.40-3.93) 3.59 (3.40-3.83) 4.76 (4.30-5.20) 5.93 (5.62-6.62) 7.62 (6.03-8.07) 701

20 years and older 99-00 4.08 (3.88-4.29) 4.06 (3.85-4.29) 5.39 (5.04-5.85) 7.17 (6.84-7.58) 8.61 (7.91-9.30) 1406

01-02 4.54 (4.30-4.78) 4.43 (4.20-4.59) 5.94 (5.64-6.40) 8.15 (7.46-8.97) 10.2 (8.74-11.7) 1559

03-04 4.68 (4.46-4.91) 4.47 (4.27-4.80) 6.11 (5.83-6.43) 8.47 (7.76-9.17) 10.5 (9.68-11.2) 1543

05-06 4.67 (4.42-4.93) 4.54 (4.25-4.78) 6.24 (5.93-6.66) 8.92 (8.29-9.31) 11.2 (9.71-12.7) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 3.78 (3.65-3.91) 3.78 (3.61-3.96) 4.96 (4.72-5.20) 6.50 (6.18-6.70) 7.71 (7.01-8.64) 1226

01-02 4.22 (3.96-4.51) 4.10 (3.87-4.41) 5.60 (5.27-6.03) 7.67 (6.90-8.48) 9.46 (8.22-11.5) 1334

03-04 4.24 (3.99-4.50) 4.12 (3.89-4.37) 5.66 (5.19-6.06) 7.66 (6.90-8.40) 9.00 (8.36-10.3) 1281

05-06 4.21 (3.94-4.50) 4.11 (3.72-4.46) 5.75 (5.14-6.11) 7.68 (6.91-8.78) 9.33 (8.84-9.84) 1271

Females 99-00 4.43 (4.20-4.68) 4.45 (4.14-4.77) 5.92 (5.36-6.47) 7.70 (7.16-8.07) 9.41 (8.00-10.4) 1238

01-02 4.86 (4.58-5.16) 4.72 (4.50-5.06) 6.54 (5.93-7.00) 8.50 (7.84-9.79) 10.3 (8.95-12.2) 1355

03-04 5.05 (4.77-5.35) 4.77 (4.44-5.14) 6.58 (6.14-7.22) 9.43 (8.56-10.5) 11.3 (10.7-12.3) 1277

05-06 5.05 (4.78-5.33) 4.86 (4.57-5.17) 6.72 (6.31-7.23) 9.65 (9.23-10.3) 12.6 (11.0-13.3) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 3.99 (3.73-4.25) 3.95 (3.65-4.17) 5.09 (4.79-5.39) 6.65 (6.08-7.10) 7.98 (7.20-8.95) 884

01-02 4.51 (4.00-5.08) 4.51 (3.82-4.95) 5.91 (5.31-6.64) 7.77 (6.60-10.0) 10.0 (7.60-20.5) 682

03-04 4.58 (4.16-5.05) 4.51 (4.10-4.92) 5.74 (5.42-6.09) 7.53 (6.59-8.91) 9.44 (8.24-10.6) 618

05-06 4.36 (4.10-4.64) 4.40 (3.97-4.73) 5.69 (5.24-6.22) 7.23 (6.69-7.80) 8.14 (7.65-9.33) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 3.21 (2.90-3.56) 3.26 (3.05-3.44) 4.30 (4.00-4.55) 5.50 (5.00-5.98) 6.33 (5.91-7.04) 568

01-02 3.38 (3.19-3.57) 3.35 (3.05-3.60) 4.41 (4.15-4.78) 5.87 (5.63-6.29) 6.75 (6.41-7.03) 667

03-04 3.38 (3.21-3.56) 3.30 (3.08-3.50) 4.31 (4.02-4.62) 5.79 (5.12-6.47) 6.98 (6.38-7.18) 723

05-06 3.47 (3.34-3.60) 3.40 (3.21-3.60) 4.47 (4.25-4.68) 5.94 (5.52-6.31) 6.95 (6.20-7.51) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 4.26 (4.07-4.47) 4.28 (4.05-4.50) 5.66 (5.26-6.05) 7.27 (6.84-7.83) 8.75 (7.93-9.38) 821

01-02 4.81 (4.55-5.08) 4.63 (4.42-4.96) 6.33 (5.91-6.68) 8.46 (7.84-9.39) 10.3 (9.04-11.8) 1132

03-04 4.81 (4.52-5.12) 4.56 (4.31-4.98) 6.28 (5.95-6.71) 8.63 (7.99-9.28) 10.6 (9.43-11.0) 1074

05-06 4.82 (4.50-5.17) 4.68 (4.32-5.04) 6.41 (6.00-6.81) 9.18 (8.67-9.53) 11.0 (9.71-12.7) 1041
39 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Cobalt

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .375 (.336-.419) .410 (.370-.450) .630 (.570-.680) .950 (.890-1.03) 1.32 (1.16-1.48) 2465

01-02 .379 (.355-.404) .410 (.380-.430) .610 (.570-.660) .940 (.870-1.00) 1.28 (1.15-1.44) 2690

03-04 .316 (.291-.343) .330 (.300-.350) .520 (.490-.550) .820 (.750-.890) 1.16 (1.08-1.26) 2558

05-06 .374 (.357-.392) .390 (.370-.410) .600 (.560-.630) .880 (.840-.950) 1.33 (1.17-1.47) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 .499 (.427-.583) .530 (.450-.640) .750 (.610-.900) 1.03 (.880-1.12) 1.22 (1.03-1.50) 340

01-02 .452 (.377-.543) .520 (.430-.610) .710 (.670-.810) 1.07 (.940-1.21) 1.32 (1.17-1.53) 368

03-04 .454 (.393-.523) .460 (.410-.520) .750 (.590-.900) 1.24 (.910-1.47) 1.68 (1.26-1.81) 290

05-06 .424 (.383-.468) .450 (.410-.490) .660 (.580-.710) .870 (.830-1.04) 1.16 (.910-1.39) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .519 (.463-.581) .520 (.490-.570) .820 (.670-.890) 1.17 (1.01-1.47) 1.52 (1.26-2.56) 719

01-02 .515 (.469-.564) .520 (.480-.570) .750 (.690-.840) 1.24 (1.07-1.32) 1.59 (1.37-1.99) 762

03-04 .461 (.428-.496) .480 (.450-.520) .740 (.650-.800) 1.03 (.940-1.23) 1.60 (1.14-1.92) 725

05-06 .510 (.451-.577) .500 (.460-.570) .820 (.690-.980) 1.30 (1.08-1.40) 1.74 (1.39-2.08) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .343 (.305-.386) .370 (.330-.420) .570 (.520-.640) .880 (.810-.980) 1.28 (1.07-1.39) 1406

01-02 .352 (.333-.373) .380 (.350-.410) .560 (.520-.590) .860 (.800-.930) 1.15 (1.04-1.42) 1560

03-04 .285 (.259-.313) .300 (.270-.330) .460 (.410-.510) .690 (.660-.730) 1.06 (.890-1.14) 1543

05-06 .351 (.332-.371) .370 (.350-.390) .550 (.520-.600) .810 (.760-.880) 1.30 (1.05-1.47) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .371 (.331-.416) .410 (.370-.450) .580 (.540-.640) .820 (.740-.900) 1.01 (.900-1.12) 1227

01-02 .367 (.338-.399) .390 (.360-.420) .550 (.520-.600) .790 (.740-.850) 1.05 (.960-1.14) 1335

03-04 .294 (.270-.319) .320 (.290-.340) .480 (.440-.500) .670 (.620-.710) .870 (.790-.920) 1281

05-06 .369 (.354-.383) .380 (.370-.400) .540 (.510-.570) .760 (.690-.850) 1.06 (.910-1.27) 1271

Females 99-00 .379 (.333-.431) .410 (.340-.460) .680 (.590-.790) 1.17 (.930-1.36) 1.50 (1.28-2.05) 1238

01-02 .390 (.364-.417) .430 (.400-.450) .670 (.620-.700) 1.06 (.980-1.16) 1.46 (1.22-1.81) 1355

03-04 .339 (.308-.372) .340 (.310-.370) .580 (.540-.610) 1.04 (.900-1.13) 1.47 (1.33-1.73) 1277

05-06 .379 (.351-.409) .410 (.370-.440) .660 (.620-.700) 1.04 (.900-1.21) 1.54 (1.30-1.93) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .418 (.348-.502) .470 (.370-.530) .670 (.630-.770) 1.05 (.950-1.19) 1.47 (1.25-1.67) 884

01-02 .398 (.373-.424) .430 (.410-.450) .650 (.600-.710) .950 (.850-1.03) 1.20 (1.06-1.48) 683

03-04 .374 (.350-.398) .350 (.340-.390) .580 (.530-.620) 1.09 (.920-1.16) 1.33 (1.16-1.73) 618

05-06 .437 (.404-.473) .450 (.420-.500) .680 (.620-.720) 1.11 (.940-1.30) 1.58 (1.33-1.79) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .434 (.405-.465) .430 (.390-.470) .680 (.620-.760) 1.17 (1.04-1.26) 1.45 (1.23-2.04) 568

01-02 .435 (.388-.487) .420 (.380-.460) .650 (.540-.810) 1.16 (.850-1.64) 1.75 (1.32-2.22) 667

03-04 .380 (.348-.414) .380 (.360-.410) .600 (.540-.680) 1.01 (.890-1.09) 1.28 (1.01-2.03) 723

05-06 .412 (.374-.453) .410 (.360-.440) .600 (.560-.670) .930 (.830-1.11) 1.47 (1.12-2.00) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .369 (.316-.431) .410 (.350-.460) .630 (.550-.700) .930 (.830-1.08) 1.29 (1.02-1.65) 822

01-02 .359 (.327-.394) .390 (.360-.430) .590 (.520-.660) .870 (.800-.950) 1.16 (1.04-1.32) 1132

03-04 .301 (.270-.334) .310 (.280-.340) .500 (.460-.540) .760 (.690-.850) 1.09 (.950-1.26) 1074

05-06 .361 (.340-.384) .380 (.360-.410) .580 (.530-.630) .860 (.800-.940) 1.30 (1.06-1.50) 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.07, 0.07, 0.08, and 0.041 respectively. 
40 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Cobalt (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .353 (.319-.391) .328 (.302-.365) .515 (.457-.581) .821 (.679-.963) 1.16 (.938-1.50) 2465

01-02 .358 (.333-.384) .335 (.313-.360) .523 (.487-.562) .844 (.750-.955) 1.16 (1.00-1.28) 2689

03-04 .314 (.303-.325) .290 (.278-.306) .455 (.434-.481) .737 (.703-.781) 1.02 (.911-1.10) 2558

05-06 .368 (.353-.384) .340 (.320-.360) .520 (.490-.550) .810 (.750-.920) 1.17 (.990-1.27) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 .547 (.467-.640) .554 (.449-.647) .774 (.626-.938) 1.00 (.833-1.49) 1.25 (.895-1.50) 340

01-02 .552 (.508-.599) .548 (.503-.609) .756 (.660-.829) 1.00 (.900-1.27) 1.30 (1.03-1.73) 368

03-04 .529 (.471-.593) .500 (.463-.543) .689 (.634-.750) 1.04 (.760-1.29) 1.29 (1.04-1.36) 290

05-06 .523 (.494-.554) .520 (.480-.570) .720 (.660-.760) .900 (.840-1.04) 1.27 (.980-1.45) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .391 (.353-.433) .378 (.329-.407) .537 (.469-.595) .824 (.638-1.17) 1.44 (.821-3.54) 719

01-02 .368 (.343-.396) .352 (.327-.372) .534 (.471-.611) .851 (.673-.949) 1.06 (.932-1.24) 762

03-04 .329 (.304-.355) .316 (.277-.348) .495 (.442-.561) .738 (.630-.847) .952 (.792-1.09) 725

05-06 .392 (.360-.427) .360 (.330-.400) .530 (.480-.620) .810 (.720-.920) 1.02 (.870-1.48) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .328 (.297-.362) .306 (.280-.328) .471 (.428-.522) .727 (.632-.905) 1.12 (.861-1.36) 1406

01-02 .337 (.313-.363) .313 (.294-.337) .475 (.435-.513) .792 (.704-.955) 1.15 (.963-1.33) 1559

03-04 .293 (.282-.304) .271 (.257-.286) .400 (.380-.429) .691 (.616-.744) .976 (.829-1.10) 1543

05-06 .350 (.334-.367) .320 (.300-.340) .490 (.450-.520) .780 (.690-.940) 1.17 (.970-1.31) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .290 (.259-.324) .279 (.248-.301) .402 (.365-.449) .608 (.534-.728) .838 (.667-1.10) 1227

01-02 .290 (.272-.310) .278 (.256-.297) .392 (.361-.425) .644 (.574-.707) .848 (.786-.929) 1334

03-04 .247 (.237-.259) .234 (.215-.250) .333 (.313-.352) .513 (.476-.585) .700 (.630-.753) 1281

05-06 .302 (.289-.317) .290 (.270-.300) .410 (.370-.440) .610 (.580-.640) .770 (.710-.850) 1271

Females 99-00 .426 (.378-.479) .407 (.362-.457) .606 (.550-.694) .960 (.781-1.29) 1.50 (1.11-1.83) 1238

01-02 .435 (.404-.468) .408 (.382-.438) .635 (.560-.708) 1.00 (.879-1.19) 1.29 (1.12-1.60) 1355

03-04 .393 (.378-.409) .361 (.342-.381) .554 (.513-.615) .937 (.850-1.00) 1.29 (1.10-1.33) 1277

05-06 .445 (.423-.468) .420 (.400-.440) .630 (.590-.700) .990 (.900-1.17) 1.34 (1.18-1.60) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .386 (.339-.439) .376 (.333-.419) .598 (.500-.669) .898 (.826-1.00) 1.23 (1.11-1.35) 884

01-02 .388 (.361-.417) .361 (.333-.394) .591 (.500-.662) .872 (.777-.990) 1.10 (.990-1.27) 682

03-04 .346 (.326-.368) .327 (.296-.349) .542 (.487-.594) .850 (.753-.963) 1.14 (.963-1.35) 618

05-06 .411 (.388-.436) .380 (.360-.400) .580 (.520-.650) .900 (.820-1.02) 1.19 (1.05-1.35) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .282 (.275-.289) .257 (.243-.279) .417 (.378-.462) .723 (.600-.785) .975 (.757-1.60) 568

01-02 .298 (.275-.323) .268 (.251-.296) .444 (.393-.505) .728 (.582-.917) 1.03 (.740-1.55) 667

03-04 .273 (.248-.300) .259 (.239-.281) .388 (.344-.461) .700 (.563-.842) .964 (.733-1.15) 723

05-06 .299 (.281-.318) .280 (.240-.300) .420 (.380-.460) .700 (.570-.780) .950 (.790-1.17) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .369 (.324-.421) .352 (.313-.387) .533 (.452-.611) .861 (.667-1.16) 1.25 (.895-1.57) 822

01-02 .362 (.331-.396) .343 (.313-.368) .523 (.479-.562) .830 (.736-.983) 1.16 (.983-1.33) 1132

03-04 .317 (.301-.334) .291 (.274-.309) .457 (.425-.488) .738 (.683-.804) 1.00 (.857-1.13) 1074

05-06 .376 (.357-.395) .350 (.330-.370) .520 (.490-.580) .810 (.710-.950) 1.18 (.950-1.43) 1041
41 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Blood Lead

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of blood concentrations (in μg/dL) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 1.66 (1.60-1.72) 1.60 (1.60-1.70) 2.50 (2.40-2.60) 3.80 (3.60-4.00) 5.00 (4.70-5.50) 7970

01-02 1.45 (1.39-1.51) 1.40 (1.40-1.50) 2.20 (2.10-2.30) 3.40 (3.20-3.60) 4.50 (4.20-4.70) 8945

03-04 1.43 (1.36-1.50) 1.40 (1.30-1.50) 2.10 (2.10-2.20) 3.20 (3.10-3.30) 4.20 (3.90-4.40) 8373

05-06 1.29 (1.23-1.36) 1.27 (1.20-1.34) 2.01 (1.91-2.11) 3.05 (2.86-3.22) 3.91 (3.64-4.18) 8407

Age group

1-5 years 99-00 2.23 (1.96-2.53) 2.20 (1.90-2.50) 3.40 (2.80-3.90) 4.90 (4.00-6.60) 7.00 (6.10-8.30) 723

01-02 1.70 (1.55-1.87) 1.60 (1.50-1.80) 2.50 (2.20-2.90) 4.20 (3.50-5.20) 5.80 (4.70-6.90) 898

03-04 1.77 (1.60-1.95) 1.70 (1.50-1.90) 2.50 (2.30-2.80) 3.90 (3.30-4.60) 5.10 (4.10-6.60) 911

05-06 1.46 (1.36-1.57) 1.43 (1.34-1.55) 2.10 (1.97-2.20) 2.98 (2.72-3.32) 3.80 (3.49-4.54) 968

6-11 years 99-00 1.51 (1.36-1.66) 1.40 (1.30-1.60) 2.10 (1.80-2.50) 3.30 (2.80-3.80) 4.50 (3.40-6.20) 905

01-02 1.25 (1.14-1.36) 1.20 (1.00-1.30) 1.70 (1.60-2.00) 2.80 (2.50-3.10) 3.70 (3.00-4.70) 1044

03-04 1.25 (1.12-1.39) 1.20 (1.10-1.40) 1.80 (1.50-2.10) 2.60 (2.10-3.10) 3.30 (2.50-4.60) 856

05-06 1.02 (.948-1.10) .970 (.890-1.01) 1.40 (1.28-1.55) 2.06 (1.80-2.72) 3.00 (2.26-3.81) 934

12-19 years 99-00 1.10 (1.04-1.17) 1.10 (1.00-1.20) 1.50 (1.40-1.70) 2.30 (2.10-2.40) 2.90 (2.70-3.00) 2135

01-02 .942 (.899-.986) .900 (.900-1.00) 1.30 (1.20-1.40) 2.00 (1.90-2.10) 2.70 (2.40-2.90) 2231

03-04 .946 (.878-1.02) .900 (.800-1.00) 1.30 (1.20-1.40) 1.90 (1.70-2.10) 2.60 (2.20-3.00) 2081

05-06 .797 (.746-.852) .740 (.690-.790) 1.08 (.990-1.20) 1.69 (1.50-1.85) 2.23 (1.98-2.46) 1996

20 years and older 99-00 1.75 (1.68-1.81) 1.70 (1.60-1.80) 2.60 (2.50-2.70) 3.90 (3.70-4.10) 5.20 (4.80-5.60) 4207

01-02 1.56 (1.49-1.62) 1.60 (1.50-1.60) 2.30 (2.30-2.40) 3.60 (3.40-3.70) 4.60 (4.30-5.00) 4772

03-04 1.52 (1.45-1.60) 1.50 (1.40-1.60) 2.30 (2.20-2.40) 3.30 (3.20-3.50) 4.30 (4.00-4.60) 4525

05-06 1.41 (1.34-1.48) 1.41 (1.33-1.48) 2.17 (2.04-2.31) 3.22 (3.05-3.43) 4.12 (3.82-4.38) 4509

Gender

Males 99-00 2.01 (1.93-2.09) 1.90 (1.90-2.00) 2.90 (2.80-3.00) 4.50 (4.10-4.80) 6.00 (5.50-6.50) 3913

01-02 1.78 (1.71-1.86) 1.80 (1.70-1.80) 2.70 (2.50-2.80) 3.90 (3.80-4.10) 5.40 (5.00-5.50) 4339

03-04 1.69 (1.62-1.75) 1.60 (1.50-1.70) 2.50 (2.40-2.60) 3.70 (3.40-3.90) 4.80 (4.50-5.20) 4132

05-06 1.52 (1.42-1.62) 1.49 (1.41-1.58) 2.30 (2.12-2.51) 3.48 (3.20-3.75) 4.36 (4.04-4.76) 4092

Females 99-00 1.37 (1.32-1.43) 1.30 (1.30-1.40) 2.00 (1.90-2.10) 3.10 (2.90-3.30) 4.00 (3.80-4.20) 4057

01-02 1.19 (1.14-1.25) 1.20 (1.10-1.20) 1.80 (1.70-1.90) 2.60 (2.50-2.80) 3.60 (3.10-4.00) 4606

03-04 1.22 (1.14-1.31) 1.20 (1.10-1.30) 1.80 (1.70-2.00) 2.70 (2.50-3.00) 3.50 (3.10-3.80) 4241

05-06 1.11 (1.05-1.17) 1.06 (.980-1.15) 1.73 (1.61-1.84) 2.59 (2.44-2.74) 3.25 (3.12-3.44) 4315

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 1.83 (1.75-1.91) 1.80 (1.70-1.90) 2.80 (2.60-2.90) 4.20 (3.90-4.60) 5.80 (5.10-6.60) 2742

01-02 1.46 (1.34-1.60) 1.50 (1.30-1.60) 2.30 (2.10-2.60) 3.60 (3.40-4.20) 5.40 (4.40-6.70) 2268

03-04 1.55 (1.43-1.69) 1.50 (1.40-1.60) 2.30 (2.10-2.50) 3.50 (2.90-4.20) 4.90 (3.90-6.40) 2085

05-06 1.29 (1.21-1.38) 1.26 (1.15-1.36) 2.00 (1.87-2.20) 3.16 (2.79-3.58) 4.22 (3.47-5.36) 2236

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 1.87 (1.75-2.00) 1.80 (1.70-2.00) 2.80 (2.60-3.00) 4.30 (4.00-4.60) 5.70 (5.20-6.10) 1842

01-02 1.65 (1.52-1.80) 1.60 (1.40-1.70) 2.60 (2.30-2.90) 4.20 (3.80-4.70) 5.80 (5.30-6.50) 2219

03-04 1.69 (1.52-1.89) 1.60 (1.40-1.80) 2.60 (2.20-3.00) 4.10 (3.50-4.70) 5.30 (4.60-6.60) 2293

05-06 1.39 (1.26-1.53) 1.31 (1.19-1.45) 2.16 (1.95-2.42) 3.48 (3.19-3.80) 4.65 (4.21-5.14) 2193

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 1.62 (1.55-1.69) 1.60 (1.50-1.70) 2.40 (2.30-2.50) 3.60 (3.40-3.90) 5.00 (4.40-5.70) 2716

01-02 1.43 (1.37-1.48) 1.40 (1.30-1.50) 2.20 (2.10-2.20) 3.20 (3.10-3.40) 4.20 (3.90-4.50) 3806

03-04 1.37 (1.32-1.43) 1.30 (1.30-1.40) 2.10 (2.00-2.10) 3.00 (2.80-3.20) 3.90 (3.60-4.30) 3478

05-06 1.28 (1.19-1.37) 1.27 (1.17-1.38) 1.97 (1.86-2.14) 2.99 (2.73-3.25) 3.82 (3.41-4.20) 3310

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.3, 0.3, 0.28, and 0.25 respectively. 
42 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Lead

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .766 (.708-.828) .800 (.800-.900) 1.40 (1.30-1.50) 2.20 (2.00-2.30) 2.90 (2.60-3.30) 2465

01-02 .677 (.637-.718) .700 (.700-.800) 1.20 (1.20-1.30) 2.00 (1.90-2.20) 2.70 (2.50-2.80) 2690

03-04 .636 (.595-.680) .640 (.580-.690) 1.04 (.960-1.12) 1.73 (1.52-1.86) 2.29 (2.03-2.62) 2558

05-06 .554 (.523-.587) .570 (.540-.600) .990 (.910-1.05) 1.58 (1.44-1.73) 2.14 (1.94-2.45) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 1.07 (.955-1.20) 1.10 (.900-1.30) 1.50 (1.40-1.70) 2.40 (1.80-3.10) 3.40 (2.40-5.00) 340

01-02 .753 (.661-.857) .800 (.600-.900) 1.20 (1.10-1.40) 2.10 (1.60-2.40) 2.60 (2.10-3.70) 368

03-04 .795 (.671-.941) .790 (.640-.900) 1.35 (.970-1.86) 2.27 (1.62-4.09) 3.33 (2.23-4.41) 290

05-06 .508 (.447-.579) .510 (.440-.560) .740 (.620-.980) 1.33 (1.00-1.86) 1.90 (1.33-2.60) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .659 (.579-.749) .700 (.600-.800) 1.10 (.900-1.30) 1.80 (1.40-2.20) 2.20 (1.90-2.80) 719

01-02 .564 (.526-.605) .600 (.500-.600) 1.00 (.800-1.10) 1.60 (1.40-1.70) 2.00 (1.80-2.40) 762

03-04 .604 (.553-.660) .630 (.570-.680) .920 (.810-1.02) 1.32 (1.14-1.80) 1.86 (1.44-2.29) 725

05-06 .472 (.421-.530) .490 (.450-.540) .780 (.710-.830) 1.19 (1.10-1.45) 1.65 (1.34-1.80) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .752 (.691-.818) .800 (.700-.900) 1.40 (1.30-1.50) 2.20 (2.00-2.40) 2.90 (2.60-3.30) 1406

01-02 .688 (.641-.738) .700 (.700-.800) 1.20 (1.20-1.30) 2.00 (1.90-2.30) 2.80 (2.50-2.90) 1560

03-04 .625 (.579-.674) .620 (.560-.700) 1.04 (.960-1.11) 1.70 (1.52-1.80) 2.21 (2.04-2.49) 1543

05-06 .574 (.539-.612) .600 (.560-.640) 1.02 (.970-1.13) 1.65 (1.53-1.81) 2.21 (1.99-2.57) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .923 (.822-1.04) .900 (.900-1.00) 1.60 (1.40-1.80) 2.50 (2.20-2.90) 3.40 (2.90-3.80) 1227

01-02 .808 (.757-.862) .800 (.800-.900) 1.40 (1.30-1.50) 2.50 (2.20-2.70) 3.20 (2.90-3.50) 1335

03-04 .731 (.680-.785) .730 (.680-.800) 1.17 (1.07-1.27) 2.03 (1.78-2.22) 2.66 (2.33-2.91) 1281

05-06 .672 (.638-.707) .690 (.620-.760) 1.16 (1.04-1.28) 1.78 (1.60-2.00) 2.45 (2.00-2.97) 1271

Females 99-00 .642 (.589-.701) .700 (.600-.800) 1.20 (1.10-1.30) 1.90 (1.60-2.20) 2.40 (2.10-3.00) 1238

01-02 .573 (.535-.613) .600 (.600-.600) 1.10 (1.00-1.10) 1.60 (1.50-1.80) 2.20 (1.90-2.40) 1355

03-04 .558 (.506-.616) .540 (.480-.620) .920 (.820-1.04) 1.49 (1.24-1.75) 1.82 (1.59-2.30) 1277

05-06 .461 (.425-.499) .460 (.430-.510) .810 (.730-.880) 1.27 (1.17-1.46) 1.86 (1.54-2.17) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 1.02 (.915-1.13) 1.10 (.900-1.20) 1.80 (1.60-1.90) 2.90 (2.50-3.40) 4.30 (3.10-5.40) 884

01-02 .833 (.745-.931) .900 (.700-1.00) 1.50 (1.20-1.70) 2.50 (2.00-2.90) 3.30 (2.70-3.80) 683

03-04 .815 (.710-.935) .840 (.700-.990) 1.31 (1.18-1.59) 2.19 (1.86-2.50) 2.66 (2.13-3.97) 618

05-06 .729 (.653-.815) .770 (.680-.860) 1.32 (1.15-1.59) 2.22 (1.81-2.64) 3.08 (2.50-4.03) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 1.11 (1.00-1.23) 1.10 (1.00-1.20) 1.90 (1.50-2.10) 3.00 (2.40-3.50) 4.20 (3.30-5.70) 568

01-02 .940 (.833-1.06) .900 (.800-1.00) 1.60 (1.30-1.80) 2.70 (2.10-3.40) 3.70 (2.90-4.80) 667

03-04 .848 (.729-.986) .850 (.710-1.00) 1.40 (1.10-1.72) 2.14 (1.78-2.64) 2.82 (2.31-3.89) 723

05-06 .666 (.604-.734) .660 (.590-.760) 1.09 (.980-1.18) 1.62 (1.42-1.85) 2.24 (1.65-2.90) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .695 (.625-.773) .700 (.700-.900) 1.30 (1.10-1.40) 2.00 (1.80-2.40) 2.70 (2.30-3.10) 822

01-02 .610 (.572-.651) .700 (.600-.700) 1.10 (1.10-1.20) 1.90 (1.70-2.00) 2.40 (2.30-2.60) 1132

03-04 .591 (.556-.628) .590 (.540-.650) .960 (.910-.990) 1.52 (1.40-1.75) 2.14 (1.78-2.51) 1074

05-06 .520 (.477-.566) .540 (.490-.580) .950 (.820-1.05) 1.53 (1.30-1.76) 2.07 (1.78-2.45) 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.1, 0.1, 0.33, and 0.1 respectively.
43 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Lead (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .721 (.700-.742) .701 (.677-.725) 1.11 (1.05-1.15) 1.70 (1.62-1.85) 2.38 (2.22-2.79) 2465

01-02 .639 (.603-.677) .635 (.588-.676) 1.03 (.963-1.08) 1.52 (1.43-1.61) 2.03 (1.89-2.22) 2689

03-04 .632 (.603-.662) .622 (.594-.655) .979 (.920-1.03) 1.49 (1.33-1.64) 1.97 (1.73-2.26) 2558

05-06 .546 (.520-.573) .530 (.510-.560) .860 (.810-.900) 1.27 (1.15-1.37) 1.71 (1.50-1.89) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 1.17 (.975-1.41) 1.06 (.918-1.22) 1.55 (1.22-1.97) 2.71 (1.67-4.66) 4.66 (1.97-18.0) 340

01-02 .918 (.841-1.00) .870 (.800-.933) 1.27 (1.12-1.43) 2.33 (1.59-3.64) 3.64 (1.89-5.56) 368

03-04 .926 (.812-1.06) .914 (.781-1.03) 1.45 (1.17-1.72) 2.14 (1.62-3.47) 3.47 (2.19-5.31) 290

05-06 .628 (.563-.701) .590 (.530-.680) .870 (.770-.940) 1.29 (1.03-1.82) 1.96 (1.32-2.42) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .496 (.460-.535) .469 (.408-.508) .709 (.655-.828) 1.11 (.981-1.28) 1.65 (1.15-2.79) 719

01-02 .404 (.380-.428) .375 (.342-.400) .603 (.541-.702) .990 (.882-1.18) 1.41 (1.07-1.63) 762

03-04 .432 (.404-.461) .404 (.383-.436) .623 (.551-.730) .938 (.828-1.06) 1.23 (1.09-1.35) 725

05-06 .363 (.333-.395) .340 (.310-.360) .510 (.460-.600) .800 (.690-.930) 1.07 (.940-1.23) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .720 (.683-.758) .712 (.667-.739) 1.10 (1.02-1.18) 1.69 (1.53-1.87) 2.31 (2.15-2.62) 1406

01-02 .658 (.617-.703) .652 (.608-.702) 1.05 (.992-1.11) 1.51 (1.40-1.61) 2.00 (1.85-2.19) 1559

03-04 .641 (.606-.679) .633 (.605-.670) .988 (.917-1.04) 1.47 (1.28-1.63) 1.94 (1.72-2.12) 1543

05-06 .573 (.548-.600) .570 (.530-.600) .890 (.850-.960) 1.32 (1.22-1.41) 1.77 (1.53-1.94) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .720 (.679-.763) .693 (.645-.734) 1.10 (.992-1.22) 1.68 (1.50-2.09) 2.43 (2.15-3.03) 1227

01-02 .639 (.607-.673) .638 (.586-.686) 1.01 (.957-1.08) 1.55 (1.41-1.61) 2.06 (1.88-2.43) 1334

03-04 .615 (.588-.644) .593 (.561-.639) .914 (.862-.977) 1.44 (1.25-1.53) 2.00 (1.71-2.28) 1281

05-06 .551 (.522-.582) .530 (.510-.580) .830 (.770-.910) 1.25 (1.13-1.39) 1.77 (1.42-2.20) 1271

Females 99-00 .722 (.681-.765) .707 (.667-.746) 1.11 (1.05-1.18) 1.74 (1.50-2.02) 2.38 (2.03-2.88) 1238

01-02 .639 (.594-.688) .625 (.571-.682) 1.03 (.946-1.11) 1.50 (1.39-1.61) 1.98 (1.85-2.15) 1355

03-04 .648 (.601-.698) .649 (.604-.718) 1.03 (.938-1.10) 1.56 (1.34-1.73) 1.96 (1.72-2.20) 1277

05-06 .541 (.507-.577) .530 (.500-.580) .880 (.820-.940) 1.28 (1.12-1.41) 1.64 (1.38-1.91) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .940 (.876-1.01) .887 (.796-1.03) 1.43 (1.37-1.58) 2.38 (2.08-2.77) 3.46 (2.78-4.18) 884

01-02 .810 (.731-.898) .774 (.702-.893) 1.29 (1.09-1.44) 2.05 (1.75-2.50) 2.78 (2.56-3.33) 682

03-04 .755 (.681-.838) .708 (.612-.851) 1.18 (1.09-1.31) 1.86 (1.50-2.26) 2.31 (1.98-2.92) 618

05-06 .686 (.638-.737) .680 (.620-.740) 1.00 (.930-1.13) 1.63 (1.39-1.88) 2.20 (1.77-3.20) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .722 (.659-.790) .671 (.583-.753) 1.11 (.988-1.20) 2.00 (1.56-2.51) 2.83 (2.20-3.88) 568

01-02 .644 (.559-.742) .608 (.510-.710) .962 (.853-1.20) 1.79 (1.36-2.33) 2.75 (2.04-3.98) 667

03-04 .609 (.529-.701) .569 (.492-.698) .900 (.793-1.03) 1.48 (1.11-1.97) 2.24 (1.65-2.88) 723

05-06 .483 (.459-.508) .470 (.440-.490) .740 (.670-.820) 1.18 (1.06-1.29) 1.60 (1.37-1.85) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .696 (.668-.725) .677 (.645-.718) 1.07 (.997-1.14) 1.66 (1.50-1.83) 2.31 (1.94-2.82) 822

01-02 .615 (.579-.654) .621 (.571-.667) 1.00 (.933-1.07) 1.46 (1.37-1.52) 1.88 (1.62-2.03) 1132

03-04 .623 (.592-.655) .618 (.587-.657) .971 (.914-1.03) 1.44 (1.25-1.61) 1.85 (1.64-2.10) 1074

05-06 .541 (.500-.585) .530 (.490-.580) .850 (.790-.920) 1.24 (1.12-1.37) 1.62 (1.37-1.94) 1041
44 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Total Blood Mercury

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of blood concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 .797 (.703-.903) .800 (.700-.900) 1.70 (1.50-1.90) 3.30 (2.90-3.90) 4.90 (4.30-5.50) 8373

05-06 .863 (.787-.946) .830 (.760-.920) 1.66 (1.48-1.93) 3.20 (2.87-3.54) 4.64 (4.17-5.25) 8407

Age group

1-5 years 03-04 .326 (.285-.372) .300 (.300-.300) .500 (.500-.700) 1.00 (.800-1.60) 1.80 (1.30-2.50) 911

05-06 * < LOD .500 (.470-.550) .940 (.820-1.24) 1.43 (1.25-1.59) 968

6-11 years 03-04 .419 (.363-.484) .400 (.400-.500) .700 (.700-.900) 1.30 (1.00-1.60) 1.90 (1.40-3.50) 856

05-06 * .410 (.330-.460) .740 (.630-1.00) 1.43 (1.21-1.87) 2.34 (1.53-3.42) 934

12-19 years 03-04 .490 (.418-.574) .500 (.400-.600) 1.00 (.800-1.20) 1.80 (1.40-2.30) 2.60 (2.10-3.30) 2081

05-06 .513 (.461-.570) .460 (.390-.530) .850 (.740-1.04) 1.66 (1.31-1.98) 2.41 (2.12-2.90) 1996

20 years and older 03-04 .979 (.860-1.12) 1.00 (.800-1.10) 2.00 (1.70-2.30) 3.80 (3.20-4.40) 5.40 (4.60-6.70) 4525

05-06 1.06 (.967-1.15) 1.03 (.930-1.15) 1.98 (1.73-2.22) 3.64 (3.33-4.01) 5.31 (4.82-5.67) 4509

Gender

Males 03-04 .814 (.714-.927) .800 (.700-.900) 1.80 (1.50-2.00) 3.70 (3.20-4.30) 5.40 (4.60-6.50) 4132

05-06 .864 (.783-.954) .810 (.720-.940) 1.69 (1.48-2.01) 3.30 (2.86-3.73) 4.83 (4.08-5.45) 4092

Females 03-04 .781 (.689-.886) .800 (.700-.900) 1.60 (1.40-1.80) 3.00 (2.50-3.50) 4.40 (3.60-5.30) 4241

05-06 .864 (.791-.943) .850 (.770-.920) 1.63 (1.44-1.89) 3.09 (2.75-3.46) 4.51 (4.01-5.28) 4315

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 .563 (.472-.672) .600 (.500-.700) 1.00 (.800-1.30) 1.90 (1.60-2.40) 3.00 (2.20-3.80) 2085

05-06 .597 (.524-.679) .580 (.490-.670) 1.04 (.870-1.24) 1.70 (1.40-2.12) 2.58 (1.96-3.31) 2236

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 .877 (.753-1.02) .900 (.800-1.00) 1.60 (1.40-1.80) 3.00 (2.30-4.00) 4.40 (3.30-6.00) 2293

05-06 .823 (.697-.972) .800 (.670-.940) 1.50 (1.21-1.92) 2.72 (2.14-3.59) 4.09 (3.22-5.16) 2193

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 .776 (.655-.919) .800 (.700-.900) 1.70 (1.40-2.00) 3.20 (2.60-3.90) 4.70 (4.00-5.60) 3478

05-06 .891 (.801-.992) .870 (.770-1.00) 1.74 (1.50-2.10) 3.37 (2.88-3.76) 4.76 (4.18-5.37) 3310

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.2 and 0.33.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
45 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Inorganic Blood Mercury

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of blood concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .600 (.500-.600) .700 (.700-.700) 8147

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .540 (.500-.580) .660 (.620-.710) 8371

Age group

1-5 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .500 (<LOD-.600) 792

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .430 (<LOD-.470) .510 (.430-.670) 948

6-11 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .600 (.500-.600) 842

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .450 (<LOD-.520) .560 (.470-.640) 932

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .500 (<LOD-.500) .600 (.500-.600) 2060

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .430 (.410-.460) .540 (.480-.590) 1984

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .600 (.500-.600) .700 (.700-.800) 4453

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .570 (.530-.610) .690 (.650-.750) 4507

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .500 (.500-.600) .600 (.600-.700) 4015

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .480 (.450-.520) .600 (.550-.640) 4076

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .600 (.500-.600) .700 (.700-.800) 4132

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .580 (.550-.640) .700 (.670-.780) 4295

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .500 (.500-.600) .700 (.600-.800) 2007

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .530 (.470-.580) .670 (.560-.830) 2224

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .600 (.500-.600) .700 (.600-.800) 2240

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .530 (.470-.600) .670 (.600-.760) 2183

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .600 (.500-.600) .700 (.600-.700) 3406

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .540 (.500-.580) .650 (.610-.710) 3298

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.42 and 0.4.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
46 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mercury

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 .447 (.406-.492) .420 (.360-.480) 1.00 (.870-1.14) 2.08 (1.78-2.42) 3.19 (2.76-3.55) 2538

05-06 .468 (.426-.514) .460 (.410-.510) 1.03 (.900-1.12) 2.11 (1.88-2.36) 2.94 (2.58-3.26) 2578

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 .254 (.213-.304) .200 (.160-.250) .440 (.330-.580) 1.16 (.610-1.61) 1.96 (1.13-2.97) 287

05-06 .333 (.267-.416) .320 (.250-.390) .650 (.470-.840) 1.32 (.930-1.88) 2.18 (1.28-3.40) 355

12-19 years 03-04 .358 (.313-.408) .330 (.290-.370) .700 (.530-.840) 1.60 (1.14-2.52) 2.93 (1.88-3.66) 722

05-06 .372 (.286-.486) .350 (.270-.470) .740 (.580-.920) 1.61 (.970-2.81) 2.59 (1.40-4.45) 703

20 years and older 03-04 .495 (.442-.555) .480 (.410-.570) 1.12 (.930-1.29) 2.20 (1.85-2.65) 3.33 (2.76-3.88) 1529

05-06 .505 (.468-.545) .510 (.460-.560) 1.11 (1.04-1.16) 2.23 (1.97-2.50) 3.11 (2.64-3.37) 1520

Gender

Males 03-04 .433 (.405-.463) .400 (.350-.460) .940 (.840-1.05) 1.88 (1.63-2.18) 2.68 (2.34-3.05) 1266

05-06 .464 (.411-.523) .450 (.400-.520) .980 (.860-1.11) 2.03 (1.57-2.48) 3.00 (2.48-3.37) 1270

Females 03-04 .460 (.396-.534) .430 (.330-.530) 1.07 (.870-1.28) 2.26 (1.77-2.90) 3.54 (2.76-4.31) 1272

05-06 .472 (.424-.525) .470 (.390-.550) 1.07 (.900-1.19) 2.14 (1.84-2.50) 2.89 (2.60-3.38) 1308

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 .416 (.340-.509) .360 (.280-.430) .960 (.700-1.23) 2.19 (1.39-3.24) 3.16 (1.99-6.30) 619

05-06 .451 (.369-.551) .420 (.310-.560) 1.01 (.780-1.25) 2.22 (1.48-2.64) 3.00 (2.27-4.01) 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 .476 (.413-.549) .430 (.360-.530) .890 (.770-1.00) 1.96 (1.60-2.31) 3.09 (2.03-4.89) 713

05-06 .453 (.384-.533) .450 (.380-.550) .890 (.710-1.13) 1.78 (1.34-2.29) 2.57 (2.21-3.15) 691

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 .441 (.382-.509) .420 (.330-.520) 1.01 (.840-1.23) 2.08 (1.67-2.46) 3.24 (2.67-3.60) 1066

05-06 .459 (.409-.513) .440 (.400-.510) 1.00 (.860-1.12) 2.07 (1.77-2.40) 2.81 (2.47-3.37) 1044

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.14 and 0.11.
47 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mercury (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 .443 (.404-.486) .447 (.392-.498) .909 (.785-1.00) 1.65 (1.40-1.86) 2.35 (1.88-2.85) 2537

05-06 .460 (.414-.511) .450 (.410-.510) .870 (.790-1.00) 1.63 (1.44-1.75) 2.26 (2.12-2.50) 2578

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 .297 (.246-.358) .276 (.208-.347) .485 (.391-.630) 1.25 (.667-1.79) 1.79 (1.11-2.61) 286

05-06 .411 (.323-.524) .390 (.290-.500) .710 (.510-.960) 1.30 (.990-2.12) 2.55 (1.38-3.50) 355

12-19 years 03-04 .255 (.225-.289) .217 (.196-.275) .464 (.376-.535) 1.06 (.714-1.39) 1.67 (1.13-2.03) 722

05-06 .286 (.230-.356) .260 (.200-.320) .500 (.380-.660) 1.09 (.660-1.70) 1.76 (1.11-2.67) 703

20 years and older 03-04 .508 (.455-.566) .525 (.447-.616) 1.00 (.875-1.09) 1.76 (1.46-2.11) 2.54 (2.04-3.00) 1529

05-06 .503 (.461-.549) .510 (.470-.550) .940 (.850-1.07) 1.69 (1.50-1.86) 2.31 (2.12-2.54) 1520

Gender

Males 03-04 .365 (.333-.400) .362 (.309-.417) .696 (.620-.784) 1.31 (1.18-1.44) 1.87 (1.51-2.30) 1266

05-06 .380 (.336-.431) .390 (.330-.440) .740 (.600-.890) 1.27 (1.09-1.47) 1.73 (1.62-1.85) 1270

Females 03-04 .532 (.472-.599) .545 (.455-.652) 1.06 (.969-1.21) 1.88 (1.64-2.30) 2.77 (2.12-3.56) 1271

05-06 .552 (.494-.617) .540 (.490-.620) 1.09 (.850-1.27) 1.96 (1.72-2.14) 2.78 (2.35-3.17) 1308

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 .384 (.307-.480) .365 (.280-.455) .768 (.619-.990) 1.62 (1.23-2.16) 2.32 (1.78-4.01) 618

05-06 .425 (.337-.536) .400 (.310-.490) .840 (.560-1.29) 1.82 (1.30-2.47) 2.63 (2.22-3.20) 651

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 .343 (.301-.391) .306 (.265-.368) .587 (.522-.687) 1.28 (.964-1.63) 2.13 (1.41-2.87) 713

05-06 .328 (.285-.378) .320 (.270-.370) .610 (.470-.780) 1.15 (.930-1.40) 1.64 (1.29-1.96) 691

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 .463 (.400-.537) .476 (.385-.588) .970 (.800-1.07) 1.67 (1.32-2.11) 2.40 (1.88-2.90) 1066

05-06 .475 (.426-.531) .490 (.440-.540) .890 (.820-1.02) 1.61 (1.42-1.75) 2.23 (1.98-2.50) 1044
48 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Molybdenum

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 45.9 (40.1-52.6) 50.7 (44.6-58.4) 84.9 (78.7-92.3) 135 (125-146) 180 (154-216) 2257

01-02 45.0 (42.1-48.0) 52.4 (48.9-55.5) 83.4 (79.1-88.7) 124 (117-130) 165 (145-176) 2690

03-04 39.7 (37.7-41.7) 44.5 (41.6-46.7) 78.5 (74.9-82.3) 111 (105-118) 138 (133-146) 2558

05-06 45.0 (42.4-47.8) 51.0 (47.2-54.7) 81.5 (77.4-85.8) 127 (117-132) 158 (144-174) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 78.2 (61.0-100) 84.8 (67.7-105) 126 (106-147) 178 (147-259) 267 (159-840) 310

01-02 63.3 (53.4-75.0) 69.2 (63.0-77.6) 109 (94.5-124) 169 (138-197) 197 (161-291) 368

03-04 62.2 (56.7-68.3) 71.3 (55.7-84.1) 108 (92.7-122) 138 (127-152) 181 (138-235) 290

05-06 65.6 (56.6-76.0) 73.5 (62.8-85.5) 108 (98.6-115) 154 (130-176) 181 (154-205) 355

12-19 years 99-00 54.3 (47.6-62.0) 60.6 (52.2-70.3) 93.3 (79.9-109) 146 (112-171) 188 (146-216) 648

01-02 60.6 (55.5-66.2) 65.7 (58.7-73.1) 97.1 (91.8-108) 145 (129-159) 179 (155-227) 762

03-04 52.5 (49.0-56.3) 59.6 (55.5-65.1) 87.3 (84.5-91.4) 118 (105-125) 143 (130-156) 725

05-06 59.1 (53.7-65.1) 63.8 (57.9-69.4) 96.6 (86.3-103) 136 (127-147) 173 (148-202) 701

20 years and older 99-00 41.7 (36.7-47.4) 46.6 (40.5-52.5) 76.7 (73.4-82.2) 126 (114-134) 168 (143-206) 1299

01-02 41.1 (38.3-44.1) 47.6 (43.7-51.2) 79.1 (71.9-83.6) 114 (103-124) 150 (130-166) 1560

03-04 35.9 (34.0-38.0) 40.3 (37.6-42.1) 71.5 (67.3-75.2) 105 (98.6-111) 133 (119-144) 1543

05-06 41.3 (38.7-44.0) 46.0 (41.7-49.6) 75.7 (72.1-80.3) 116 (107-127) 153 (135-171) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 52.7 (45.7-60.7) 57.5 (48.5-68.4) 93.2 (83.8-106) 150 (128-187) 215 (161-278) 1121

01-02 51.0 (46.6-55.7) 56.9 (52.0-62.6) 88.5 (81.6-96.5) 130 (120-141) 169 (145-194) 1335

03-04 45.5 (43.3-47.8) 51.0 (48.1-55.4) 85.8 (82.8-90.7) 119 (112-130) 148 (136-163) 1281

05-06 50.9 (48.2-53.9) 56.0 (51.0-60.3) 85.7 (80.3-92.8) 130 (122-136) 161 (145-177) 1271

Females 99-00 40.4 (34.8-46.8) 45.6 (40.4-52.0) 77.3 (71.0-85.7) 119 (105-138) 154 (132-180) 1136

01-02 39.9 (37.2-42.9) 45.8 (42.8-49.3) 78.4 (72.6-82.9) 115 (104-128) 158 (130-177) 1355

03-04 34.9 (32.2-37.7) 37.9 (33.5-41.6) 67.3 (64.6-72.2) 101 (97.3-108) 127 (114-139) 1277

05-06 40.0 (36.4-43.8) 45.6 (40.0-51.0) 75.6 (71.2-82.0) 118 (107-128) 154 (136-179) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 47.0 (42.1-52.4) 53.2 (49.2-59.0) 80.6 (73.7-91.7) 121 (103-139) 152 (120-217) 780

01-02 49.3 (46.5-52.3) 55.7 (50.4-61.0) 86.4 (80.8-94.1) 133 (113-155) 177 (142-207) 683

03-04 47.0 (43.1-51.1) 54.4 (48.2-59.9) 82.9 (73.2-91.0) 121 (106-143) 152 (141-169) 618

05-06 55.1 (51.7-58.7) 58.4 (54.1-63.6) 98.3 (91.5-105) 140 (134-150) 177 (153-200) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 57.7 (51.0-65.2) 62.2 (55.0-71.5) 97.8 (85.0-110) 153 (126-188) 206 (150-274) 546

01-02 53.2 (49.9-56.7) 60.3 (55.1-63.8) 90.0 (81.0-101) 132 (121-147) 166 (147-170) 667

03-04 46.0 (41.7-50.8) 46.2 (40.9-55.2) 82.3 (73.3-91.3) 117 (109-129) 156 (135-175) 723

05-06 48.1 (44.7-51.8) 52.0 (48.3-55.7) 80.0 (71.6-89.4) 125 (112-133) 160 (139-189) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 44.5 (37.0-53.4) 48.5 (41.1-59.8) 85.0 (76.7-96.5) 135 (119-154) 187 (146-223) 760

01-02 42.2 (38.5-46.2) 48.9 (44.2-53.2) 80.7 (71.9-85.8) 117 (108-129) 152 (134-180) 1132

03-04 37.1 (34.7-39.6) 41.3 (38.1-44.5) 75.2 (69.2-79.6) 107 (99.3-115) 130 (119-142) 1074

05-06 42.8 (39.7-46.1) 48.6 (42.3-53.4) 79.0 (73.5-84.0) 123 (108-132) 156 (136-178) 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.8, 0.8, 1.5, and 0.92 respectively.
49 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Molybdenum (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 43.2 (40.0-46.6) 41.6 (38.5-45.2) 63.5 (59.3-68.8) 108 (97.3-115) 144 (125-171) 2257

01-02 42.5 (39.9-45.2) 42.2 (40.1-45.2) 62.0 (58.4-66.4) 98.8 (90.1-109) 130 (120-149) 2689

03-04 39.4 (37.6-41.3) 39.2 (37.9-40.7) 58.3 (55.6-61.5) 89.0 (80.5-99.0) 120 (107-135) 2558

05-06 44.3 (42.4-46.3) 43.9 (41.8-45.7) 65.9 (61.8-68.6) 97.3 (92.5-103) 132 (125-143) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 85.9 (73.7-100) 79.3 (71.6-88.4) 122 (107-133) 173 (130-243) 214 (154-1040) 310

01-02 77.2 (73.1-81.5) 77.6 (71.8-84.5) 109 (99.4-120) 159 (129-170) 185 (165-219) 368

03-04 72.5 (65.2-80.7) 73.5 (65.1-79.9) 101 (84.9-117) 132 (107-158) 160 (129-257) 290

05-06 81.0 (71.9-91.3) 78.6 (72.1-89.0) 112 (93.7-134) 161 (133-199) 201 (160-261) 355

12-19 years 99-00 41.9 (39.3-44.6) 40.5 (37.7-44.4) 57.3 (51.5-62.5) 85.4 (67.4-107) 112 (78.4-185) 648

01-02 43.4 (40.8-46.1) 44.1 (40.8-47.2) 60.8 (57.6-63.7) 85.5 (79.7-93.8) 106 (94.8-118) 762

03-04 37.5 (35.4-39.8) 38.9 (36.9-41.8) 53.2 (50.3-56.1) 71.9 (64.6-76.9) 81.0 (74.3-102) 725

05-06 45.5 (42.5-48.7) 45.7 (41.3-49.2) 64.6 (58.5-71.2) 91.4 (75.3-102) 109 (95.0-131) 701

20 years and older 99-00 39.6 (36.9-42.6) 38.5 (36.1-41.0) 56.4 (53.5-60.7) 92.5 (83.1-100) 122 (116-147) 1299

01-02 39.3 (36.8-42.0) 39.6 (36.4-42.1) 57.2 (52.9-61.0) 86.7 (75.2-96.8) 123 (109-139) 1559

03-04 36.9 (35.0-38.9) 37.0 (35.7-38.4) 53.5 (50.0-56.9) 79.8 (75.9-87.5) 118 (101-134) 1543

05-06 41.2 (39.3-43.1) 40.5 (38.8-42.7) 59.1 (55.6-62.8) 87.9 (79.7-96.9) 119 (103-132) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 40.8 (37.5-44.3) 38.5 (37.2-40.4) 62.4 (55.9-68.4) 101 (83.9-118) 131 (112-179) 1121

01-02 40.3 (37.1-43.8) 40.2 (36.3-43.3) 60.5 (54.8-66.3) 91.3 (83.4-106) 123 (107-155) 1334

03-04 38.3 (36.1-40.7) 37.8 (36.1-39.3) 56.3 (53.3-59.3) 85.7 (77.2-96.7) 118 (100-139) 1281

05-06 41.8 (39.5-44.2) 41.7 (39.2-44.1) 62.1 (58.1-67.4) 94.6 (84.2-101) 126 (112-132) 1271

Females 99-00 45.5 (41.5-50.0) 44.1 (39.5-48.8) 64.4 (59.5-70.5) 112 (95.2-121) 152 (122-181) 1136

01-02 44.6 (42.2-47.1) 45.1 (42.2-46.9) 63.6 (59.5-69.4) 107 (92.5-119) 136 (117-169) 1355

03-04 40.5 (38.1-43.0) 41.1 (38.7-43.7) 61.4 (56.8-65.1) 90.1 (82.2-103) 122 (115-142) 1277

05-06 46.9 (44.7-49.2) 46.5 (43.9-48.8) 67.2 (63.3-71.7) 103 (93.6-110) 157 (126-173) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 42.9 (40.6-45.4) 43.2 (40.9-45.6) 61.6 (57.2-65.5) 89.5 (80.0-103) 115 (93.7-137) 780

01-02 48.1 (44.3-52.2) 48.4 (44.8-52.3) 71.7 (66.4-76.0) 103 (90.0-120) 129 (109-155) 682

03-04 43.5 (40.5-46.8) 43.5 (41.0-46.2) 62.8 (56.8-67.2) 85.9 (79.5-97.0) 112 (97.0-133) 618

05-06 51.8 (49.9-53.8) 52.1 (49.7-54.7) 73.5 (69.5-77.4) 106 (99.5-111) 133 (112-151) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 37.2 (33.4-41.6) 37.1 (33.0-41.2) 55.9 (49.6-63.3) 88.2 (69.1-112) 119 (88.3-141) 546

01-02 36.5 (34.1-39.0) 37.5 (35.1-38.9) 57.1 (49.7-62.4) 78.3 (71.5-92.0) 109 (81.1-127) 667

03-04 33.1 (30.5-35.9) 31.7 (30.1-34.7) 47.2 (43.7-52.1) 72.9 (64.6-78.4) 90.5 (78.4-118) 723

05-06 34.9 (33.1-36.8) 35.4 (32.7-38.1) 53.5 (49.7-55.8) 81.1 (75.4-89.4) 102 (89.4-119) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 44.5 (40.2-49.2) 42.1 (38.8-47.3) 65.3 (58.9-71.3) 116 (101-126) 172 (131-195) 760

01-02 42.5 (39.3-46.0) 41.9 (39.3-45.6) 61.2 (57.1-67.2) 104 (88.7-120) 138 (120-163) 1132

03-04 39.1 (37.2-41.1) 39.3 (37.7-40.8) 58.1 (54.6-61.4) 87.4 (78.9-96.7) 118 (106-134) 1074

05-06 44.5 (42.4-46.6) 43.9 (41.7-45.7) 65.0 (59.9-68.5) 97.3 (90.7-105) 132 (119-152) 1041
50 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Platinum

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2465

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2690

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2558

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .009 (<LOD-.012) .014 (.009-.025) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 340

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 368

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 290

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .010 (<LOD-.011) .014 (.010-.020) 355

12-19 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 719

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 762

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 725

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .012 (.009-.019) 701

20 years and older 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1406

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1560

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1543

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .009 (<LOD-.014) .014 (.009-.032) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1227

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1335

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1281

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .009 (<LOD-.012) .012 (.009-.020) 1271

Females 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1238

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1355

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1277

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .010 (<LOD-.014) .015 (.010-.033) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 884

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 683

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 618

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .010 (<LOD-.014) .014 (.009-.023) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 568

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 667

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 723

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .011 (.009-.016) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 822

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1132

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1074

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .009 (<LOD-.012) .013 (.009-.026) 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.04, 0.04, 0.07, and 0.009 respectively. 

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
51 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Platinum (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2465

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2689

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2558

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .021 (<LOD-.023) .029 (.026-.035) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 340

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 368

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 290

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .020 (<LOD-.027) .030 (.021-.050) 355

12-19 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 719

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 762

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 725

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .017 (.012-.026) 701

20 years and older 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1406

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1559

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1543

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .022 (<LOD-.025) .030 (.026-.035) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1227

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1334

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1281

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .014 (<LOD-.016) .021 (.016-.025) 1271

Females 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1238

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1355

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1277

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .026 (<LOD-.030) .033 (.029-.050) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 884

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 682

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 618

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .016 (<LOD-.019) .023 (.017-.032) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 568

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 667

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 723

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .018 (.014-.022) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 822

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1132

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1074

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .023 (<LOD-.025) .030 (.027-.035) 1041

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
52 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Thallium

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .176 (.162-.192) .200 (.180-.220) .290 (.270-.330) .400 (.370-.420) .450 (.430-.480) 2413

01-02 .165 (.154-.177) .190 (.180-.200) .280 (.260-.290) .370 (.350-.390) .440 (.410-.470) 2653

03-04 .155 (.145-.165) .170 (.160-.180) .270 (.250-.290) .370 (.340-.400) .440 (.410-.490) 2558

05-06 .158 (.151-.165) .180 (.170-.190) .270 (.260-.280) .360 (.350-.390) .430 (.410-.460) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 .201 (.167-.243) .210 (.150-.280) .310 (.250-.350) .410 (.330-.450) .450 (.350-.590) 336

01-02 .172 (.147-.202) .200 (.160-.220) .290 (.230-.330) .350 (.340-.370) .390 (.360-.430) 362

03-04 .191 (.170-.215) .190 (.170-.230) .300 (.250-.370) .430 (.360-.500) .510 (.430-.690) 290

05-06 .174 (.158-.192) .190 (.170-.210) .280 (.250-.300) .380 (.320-.430) .430 (.400-.480) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .202 (.181-.225) .220 (.200-.240) .300 (.270-.340) .410 (.390-.430) .470 (.430-.510) 697

01-02 .200 (.182-.220) .220 (.190-.250) .310 (.290-.320) .370 (.350-.420) .470 (.400-.500) 746

03-04 .201 (.185-.218) .220 (.210-.240) .310 (.290-.320) .410 (.360-.470) .500 (.420-.560) 725

05-06 .182 (.165-.200) .210 (.190-.230) .290 (.270-.310) .370 (.350-.400) .430 (.390-.480) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .170 (.157-.183) .190 (.180-.210) .290 (.260-.320) .400 (.370-.420) .450 (.420-.480) 1380

01-02 .159 (.147-.173) .190 (.170-.200) .270 (.250-.290) .380 (.350-.400) .440 (.410-.490) 1545

03-04 .145 (.134-.156) .160 (.150-.170) .250 (.240-.270) .360 (.330-.390) .420 (.390-.460) 1543

05-06 .152 (.144-.161) .170 (.160-.180) .260 (.240-.270) .360 (.340-.390) .440 (.400-.470) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .197 (.179-.217) .220 (.200-.240) .320 (.280-.350) .400 (.370-.440) .450 (.420-.520) 1200

01-02 .184 (.173-.196) .210 (.200-.230) .290 (.280-.300) .380 (.360-.400) .430 (.400-.470) 1313

03-04 .167 (.156-.178) .190 (.180-.200) .280 (.260-.300) .370 (.340-.400) .430 (.400-.480) 1281

05-06 .171 (.163-.179) .190 (.180-.200) .270 (.260-.280) .370 (.360-.390) .430 (.410-.470) 1271

Females 99-00 .159 (.145-.175) .180 (.150-.200) .270 (.250-.300) .390 (.350-.420) .460 (.410-.490) 1213

01-02 .149 (.137-.163) .160 (.150-.180) .260 (.230-.290) .370 (.330-.400) .440 (.400-.500) 1340

03-04 .144 (.133-.156) .160 (.140-.170) .250 (.230-.280) .370 (.330-.410) .450 (.410-.510) 1277

05-06 .146 (.138-.155) .160 (.150-.180) .260 (.240-.270) .360 (.350-.380) .440 (.400-.460) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .172 (.150-.196) .200 (.160-.230) .270 (.250-.300) .370 (.320-.420) .450 (.370-.520) 861

01-02 .160 (.148-.173) .180 (.160-.200) .260 (.240-.270) .340 (.310-.360) .400 (.350-.440) 675

03-04 .171 (.160-.183) .200 (.170-.220) .280 (.260-.310) .360 (.340-.420) .450 (.390-.480) 618

05-06 .158 (.149-.167) .180 (.170-.190) .250 (.240-.270) .330 (.300-.360) .400 (.360-.440) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .217 (.197-.239) .230 (.220-.260) .350 (.300-.390) .450 (.400-.520) .550 (.460-.630) 561

01-02 .202 (.187-.218) .220 (.200-.230) .300 (.270-.340) .410 (.380-.440) .520 (.440-.590) 657

03-04 .185 (.167-.206) .190 (.170-.220) .290 (.250-.330) .410 (.330-.490) .490 (.410-.640) 723

05-06 .188 (.169-.210) .210 (.180-.230) .300 (.270-.320) .390 (.360-.440) .500 (.430-.530) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .170 (.153-.188) .200 (.170-.220) .290 (.260-.330) .400 (.360-.420) .450 (.420-.480) 801

01-02 .159 (.147-.172) .180 (.170-.200) .270 (.250-.290) .360 (.330-.390) .430 (.390-.460) 1114

03-04 .146 (.135-.158) .160 (.150-.170) .260 (.240-.280) .360 (.330-.380) .410 (.380-.460) 1074

05-06 .150 (.140-.160) .170 (.160-.180) .260 (.240-.270) .350 (.320-.380) .420 (.390-.450) 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, and 0.015 respectively. 
53 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Thallium (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .166 (.159-.173) .168 (.162-.176) .224 (.217-.233) .297 (.273-.319) .366 (.338-.387) 2413

01-02 .156 (.151-.162) .156 (.148-.164) .215 (.208-.222) .287 (.278-.300) .349 (.337-.365) 2652

03-04 .154 (.149-.158) .153 (.146-.160) .214 (.203-.222) .286 (.274-.304) .350 (.328-.369) 2558

05-06 .155 (.149-.162) .150 (.140-.160) .210 (.200-.220) .300 (.290-.320) .370 (.350-.390) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 .221 (.197-.248) .222 (.196-.236) .297 (.229-.356) .375 (.318-.469) .424 (.356-.600) 336

01-02 .211 (.198-.226) .207 (.198-.221) .286 (.260-.321) .370 (.333-.402) .412 (.389-.456) 362

03-04 .223 (.208-.238) .216 (.198-.229) .306 (.280-.346) .412 (.346-.458) .458 (.400-.532) 290

05-06 .215 (.200-.231) .210 (.190-.250) .310 (.270-.320) .360 (.320-.410) .430 (.360-.510) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .153 (.146-.160) .154 (.146-.162) .205 (.191-.219) .258 (.231-.278) .321 (.265-.364) 697

01-02 .143 (.137-.150) .145 (.135-.152) .196 (.184-.207) .272 (.250-.289) .312 (.299-.333) 746

03-04 .143 (.135-.152) .146 (.131-.155) .194 (.179-.208) .254 (.234-.280) .304 (.271-.327) 725

05-06 .140 (.133-.147) .140 (.130-.150) .190 (.170-.200) .240 (.220-.270) .290 (.250-.310) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .162 (.153-.171) .167 (.155-.176) .218 (.207-.230) .286 (.271-.300) .364 (.325-.389) 1380

01-02 .153 (.147-.159) .153 (.144-.161) .210 (.200-.217) .278 (.263-.293) .343 (.313-.362) 1544

03-04 .148 (.144-.153) .149 (.141-.156) .206 (.192-.215) .273 (.258-.289) .333 (.306-.353) 1543

05-06 .152 (.145-.159) .150 (.140-.160) .210 (.200-.210) .290 (.270-.310) .370 (.350-.400) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .154 (.147-.161) .156 (.149-.164) .202 (.192-.214) .269 (.254-.297) .338 (.300-.364) 1200

01-02 .146 (.140-.153) .148 (.142-.157) .192 (.184-.204) .260 (.246-.278) .307 (.291-.342) 1312

03-04 .140 (.135-.146) .142 (.134-.149) .188 (.180-.198) .264 (.235-.286) .317 (.287-.350) 1281

05-06 .140 (.134-.147) .140 (.130-.140) .190 (.180-.200) .270 (.240-.300) .320 (.300-.340) 1271

Females 99-00 .178 (.167-.189) .182 (.169-.197) .244 (.226-.259) .317 (.281-.366) .380 (.333-.462) 1213

01-02 .167 (.158-.176) .167 (.153-.180) .233 (.217-.250) .313 (.282-.348) .378 (.348-.402) 1340

03-04 .167 (.162-.173) .166 (.157-.177) .235 (.222-.243) .313 (.286-.333) .368 (.340-.412) 1277

05-06 .171 (.162-.181) .170 (.160-.180) .230 (.220-.250) .330 (.300-.360) .430 (.370-.490) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .158 (.147-.170) .160 (.148-.176) .213 (.200-.237) .282 (.266-.304) .343 (.306-.389) 861

01-02 .156 (.145-.169) .155 (.145-.167) .204 (.191-.221) .286 (.250-.317) .361 (.301-.424) 674

03-04 .159 (.148-.170) .157 (.143-.172) .211 (.187-.241) .293 (.273-.324) .369 (.326-.422) 618

05-06 .149 (.139-.158) .150 (.140-.160) .200 (.180-.210) .270 (.240-.290) .320 (.280-.370) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .142 (.133-.152) .140 (.129-.151) .200 (.184-.214) .278 (.244-.307) .383 (.286-.462) 561

01-02 .138 (.128-.150) .136 (.125-.146) .194 (.170-.212) .256 (.238-.278) .328 (.271-.387) 657

03-04 .133 (.122-.145) .128 (.119-.143) .185 (.171-.200) .255 (.237-.269) .323 (.267-.377) 723

05-06 .137 (.128-.145) .130 (.130-.140) .190 (.180-.200) .240 (.220-.290) .320 (.270-.370) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .169 (.160-.179) .173 (.167-.181) .227 (.215-.240) .300 (.272-.329) .364 (.333-.377) 801

01-02 .161 (.155-.167) .161 (.153-.171) .222 (.214-.231) .292 (.278-.304) .348 (.330-.383) 1114

03-04 .154 (.148-.160) .153 (.143-.162) .214 (.200-.223) .283 (.271-.304) .333 (.313-.363) 1074

05-06 .156 (.148-.164) .150 (.140-.160) .210 (.200-.230) .300 (.280-.320) .360 (.330-.400) 1041
54 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Tungsten

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .093 (.087-.100) .090 (.080-.090) .180 (.160-.190) .320 (.280-.370) .500 (.430-.550) 2338

01-02 .082 (.073-.092) .070 (.060-.090) .160 (.140-.180) .300 (.260-.350) .460 (.370-.560) 2652

03-04 .071 (.064-.078) .070 (.060-.080) .130 (.120-.140) .270 (.230-.300) .400 (.330-.480) 2558

05-06 .085 (.079-.092) .090 (.080-.090) .170 (.150-.180) .310 (.280-.340) .470 (.400-.520) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 .158 (.123-.204) .160 (.120-.220) .270 (.220-.350) .510 (.380-.560) .620 (.510-.950) 320

01-02 .137 (.110-.170) .140 (.110-.170) .260 (.200-.350) .460 (.360-.690) .770 (.510-1.53) 363

03-04 .130 (.111-.151) .140 (.120-.150) .240 (.190-.290) .410 (.290-.500) .500 (.370-.630) 290

05-06 .142 (.121-.166) .140 (.120-.170) .230 (.210-.290) .430 (.330-.610) .640 (.440-.850) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .113 (.097-.132) .110 (.090-.130) .210 (.180-.250) .360 (.310-.440) .530 (.380-.800) 679

01-02 .113 (.095-.135) .110 (.090-.130) .210 (.180-.260) .400 (.310-.520) .570 (.430-.790) 744

03-04 .105 (.090-.122) .100 (.090-.120) .190 (.160-.230) .350 (.290-.460) .530 (.350-1.00) 725

05-06 .131 (.108-.158) .130 (.100-.160) .250 (.200-.310) .430 (.360-.530) .620 (.410-1.04) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .084 (.078-.091) .080 (.070-.090) .160 (.130-.180) .280 (.260-.320) .450 (.360-.520) 1339

01-02 .073 (.065-.082) .060 (.050-.070) .140 (.110-.160) .260 (.210-.310) .380 (.310-.490) 1545

03-04 .062 (.056-.068) .060 (.050-.070) .110 (.100-.120) .210 (.180-.250) .360 (.270-.430) 1543

05-06 .075 (.070-.081) .080 (.070-.080) .140 (.130-.160) .250 (.220-.310) .410 (.340-.470) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .107 (.096-.120) .100 (.090-.120) .210 (.190-.230) .390 (.310-.470) .530 (.470-.650) 1160

01-02 .088 (.074-.105) .080 (.060-.100) .170 (.140-.220) .330 (.260-.390) .490 (.380-.580) 1307

03-04 .081 (.071-.093) .080 (.070-.090) .140 (.130-.170) .300 (.250-.340) .430 (.340-.560) 1281

05-06 .095 (.090-.101) .090 (.080-.100) .180 (.160-.190) .340 (.310-.380) .480 (.420-.610) 1271

Females 99-00 .082 (.077-.087) .070 (.060-.080) .150 (.130-.160) .270 (.240-.300) .400 (.320-.470) 1178

01-02 .076 (.069-.084) .060 (.060-.080) .150 (.120-.170) .280 (.230-.330) .430 (.340-.560) 1345

03-04 .062 (.056-.069) .060 (.050-.070) .110 (.100-.120) .220 (.190-.250) .370 (.270-.460) 1277

05-06 .077 (.069-.085) .080 (.070-.090) .160 (.150-.170) .280 (.250-.320) .440 (.350-.510) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .113 (.095-.133) .110 (.090-.130) .200 (.160-.250) .400 (.300-.520) .550 (.420-.830) 790

01-02 .101 (.093-.109) .100 (.090-.110) .190 (.170-.210) .370 (.310-.430) .570 (.450-.670) 680

03-04 .086 (.073-.100) .080 (.070-.100) .170 (.120-.220) .360 (.230-.620) .640 (.410-.800) 618

05-06 .102 (.088-.118) .100 (.080-.110) .200 (.170-.220) .450 (.310-.650) .730 (.510-1.04) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .113 (.101-.126) .100 (.090-.130) .210 (.180-.250) .370 (.290-.460) .560 (.420-.810) 562

01-02 .096 (.080-.116) .090 (.070-.120) .160 (.130-.250) .310 (.270-.400) .460 (.400-.590) 649

03-04 .092 (.082-.104) .090 (.080-.110) .160 (.150-.180) .300 (.250-.330) .470 (.340-.550) 723

05-06 .101 (.088-.116) .110 (.090-.120) .190 (.160-.220) .320 (.280-.370) .450 (.340-.650) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .092 (.084-.100) .080 (.070-.100) .180 (.160-.200) .320 (.270-.380) .470 (.380-.550) 802

01-02 .076 (.066-.088) .060 (.050-.080) .150 (.120-.180) .290 (.230-.360) .430 (.330-.620) 1117

03-04 .065 (.058-.073) .060 (.060-.070) .120 (.100-.130) .230 (.190-.290) .380 (.320-.410) 1074

05-06 .082 (.075-.089) .080 (.080-.090) .160 (.140-.180) .300 (.250-.340) .430 (.380-.480) 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.04, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.021 respectively. 
55 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Tungsten (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .087 (.080-.095) .080 (.075-.086) .146 (.136-.158) .270 (.206-.333) .383 (.302-.459) 2338

01-02 .078 (.069-.087) .074 (.064-.084) .138 (.122-.154) .255 (.216-.300) .359 (.315-.436) 2651

03-04 .070 (.063-.078) .065 (.059-.074) .117 (.107-.133) .215 (.179-.253) .333 (.255-.439) 2558

05-06 .084 (.080-.089) .080 (.080-.080) .140 (.130-.150) .250 (.210-.290) .350 (.290-.440) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 .174 (.150-.201) .169 (.136-.198) .293 (.216-.333) .439 (.331-.667) .667 (.452-.880) 320

01-02 .168 (.144-.197) .158 (.139-.190) .275 (.231-.326) .412 (.333-.554) .634 (.436-1.28) 363

03-04 .151 (.131-.174) .144 (.119-.167) .250 (.205-.283) .333 (.278-.484) .484 (.333-.739) 290

05-06 .175 (.152-.202) .160 (.140-.180) .270 (.220-.320) .560 (.330-.790) .790 (.470-1.18) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .084 (.078-.091) .079 (.074-.084) .138 (.124-.158) .231 (.180-.287) .339 (.237-.465) 679

01-02 .081 (.071-.092) .081 (.072-.091) .148 (.122-.167) .250 (.208-.301) .359 (.272-.431) 744

03-04 .075 (.065-.086) .071 (.061-.082) .122 (.098-.148) .197 (.167-.308) .379 (.197-.582) 725

05-06 .101 (.086-.117) .100 (.080-.110) .170 (.140-.200) .300 (.200-.370) .370 (.300-.770) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .080 (.072-.089) .075 (.067-.082) .130 (.116-.146) .218 (.179-.301) .347 (.245-.426) 1339

01-02 .070 (.063-.079) .067 (.058-.075) .119 (.099-.139) .216 (.176-.267) .333 (.253-.431) 1544

03-04 .063 (.057-.071) .059 (.053-.065) .105 (.094-.117) .181 (.155-.215) .279 (.217-.370) 1543

05-06 .075 (.071-.079) .070 (.070-.080) .120 (.110-.130) .210 (.200-.220) .290 (.240-.360) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .083 (.074-.094) .073 (.063-.086) .146 (.126-.165) .279 (.198-.386) .439 (.329-.605) 1160

01-02 .071 (.060-.083) .065 (.056-.077) .125 (.098-.153) .255 (.203-.306) .364 (.300-.431) 1306

03-04 .068 (.059-.079) .062 (.054-.071) .111 (.098-.133) .216 (.170-.284) .341 (.240-.500) 1281

05-06 .078 (.073-.083) .070 (.070-.080) .130 (.120-.150) .240 (.200-.300) .360 (.300-.440) 1271

Females 99-00 .091 (.085-.098) .084 (.080-.091) .145 (.136-.158) .265 (.200-.301) .339 (.300-.381) 1178

01-02 .085 (.077-.094) .083 (.075-.091) .143 (.130-.161) .258 (.216-.317) .353 (.317-.538) 1345

03-04 .072 (.065-.079) .069 (.063-.078) .121 (.108-.138) .211 (.176-.237) .333 (.261-.439) 1277

05-06 .090 (.085-.096) .080 (.080-.090) .150 (.140-.160) .250 (.210-.290) .350 (.260-.530) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .106 (.093-.120) .100 (.086-.116) .184 (.152-.214) .329 (.267-.392) .497 (.354-.727) 790

01-02 .098 (.090-.108) .089 (.081-.100) .164 (.143-.187) .294 (.258-.375) .555 (.410-.797) 679

03-04 .079 (.065-.096) .073 (.054-.093) .136 (.103-.197) .300 (.233-.426) .482 (.344-.823) 618

05-06 .096 (.083-.111) .090 (.080-.090) .160 (.150-.180) .330 (.250-.420) .670 (.360-.890) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .073 (.064-.083) .071 (.061-.081) .124 (.109-.154) .201 (.188-.222) .360 (.217-.465) 562

01-02 .066 (.056-.077) .060 (.049-.079) .109 (.090-.125) .199 (.153-.285) .340 (.250-.414) 649

03-04 .066 (.059-.074) .067 (.055-.075) .105 (.095-.120) .186 (.150-.224) .317 (.214-.358) 723

05-06 .073 (.065-.082) .070 (.060-.080) .120 (.110-.140) .210 (.190-.260) .320 (.260-.390) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .091 (.083-.100) .082 (.077-.088) .150 (.136-.169) .279 (.200-.354) .385 (.302-.462) 802

01-02 .078 (.068-.088) .073 (.061-.085) .139 (.121-.157) .253 (.209-.308) .353 (.286-.453) 1117

03-04 .069 (.060-.078) .063 (.057-.071) .116 (.104-.133) .199 (.167-.237) .299 (.222-.439) 1074

05-06 .085 (.080-.090) .080 (.080-.090) .140 (.130-.160) .240 (.210-.280) .340 (.280-.420) 1041

 
56 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Uranium

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .008 (.007-.009) .007 (.006-.008) .013 (.010-.017) .027 (.021-.038) .046 (.037-.056) 2464

01-02 .009 (.007-.010) .008 (.007-.009) .014 (.012-.018) .030 (.023-.039) .046 (.034-.062) 2690

03-04 .008 (.007-.008) .007 (.006-.007) .011 (.010-.013) .021 (.017-.026) .031 (.026-.037) 2557

05-06 .006 (.005-.006) .010 (<LOD-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.020-.020) .030 (.020-.040) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 .009 (.007-.011) .007 (.006-.009) .013 (.009-.022) .032 (.019-.048) .048 (.033-.066) 340

01-02 .008 (.007-.010) .008 (.006-.010) .014 (.010-.020) .026 (.020-.036) .040 (.025-.049) 368

03-04 .008 (.007-.009) .007 (.006-.009) .012 (.009-.016) .020 (.016-.026) .028 (.020-.039) 289

05-06 .006 (.005-.007) .010 (<LOD-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.010-.030) .030 (.010-.050) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .009 (.008-.011) .009 (.008-.010) .015 (.012-.018) .026 (.020-.043) .044 (.028-.072) 719

01-02 .010 (.008-.012) .010 (.008-.012) .017 (.013-.023) .030 (.022-.042) .042 (.027-.088) 762

03-04 .010 (.009-.011) .009 (.008-.010) .015 (.012-.018) .028 (.023-.036) .038 (.036-.053) 725

05-06 .007 (.006-.008) .010 (.010-.010) .010 (.010-.020) .020 (.020-.030) .030 (.030-.040) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .008 (.006-.009) .007 (.005-.008) .013 (.010-.017) .027 (.021-.040) .046 (.036-.056) 1405

01-02 .009 (.007-.010) .008 (.007-.009) .014 (.012-.017) .031 (.022-.040) .046 (.034-.065) 1560

03-04 * .006 (.005-.007) .011 (.009-.012) .019 (.016-.026) .029 (.024-.038) 1543

05-06 .005 (.005-.006) .010 (<LOD-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.020-.020) .030 (.020-.040) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .009 (.008-.011) .008 (.007-.010) .015 (.012-.021) .036 (.024-.046) .053 (.040-.067) 1227

01-02 .009 (.008-.011) .009 (.007-.010) .015 (.013-.021) .033 (.024-.045) .047 (.035-.065) 1335

03-04 .008 (.007-.009) .007 (.006-.008) .013 (.011-.016) .023 (.019-.027) .031 (.027-.035) 1280

05-06 .006 (.006-.007) .010 (.010-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.020-.020) .030 (.020-.040) 1271

Females 99-00 .007 (.006-.008) .006 (.005-.007) .012 (.009-.015) .023 (.016-.033) .036 (.026-.050) 1237

01-02 .008 (.007-.010) .008 (.006-.009) .014 (.011-.017) .027 (.019-.037) .041 (.029-.063) 1355

03-04 * .006 (.005-.007) .010 (.009-.011) .018 (.013-.027) .031 (.022-.039) 1277

05-06 .005 (.005-.006) .010 (<LOD-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.020-.020) .030 (.030-.040) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .017 (.012-.023) .016 (.011-.021) .033 (.020-.054) .060 (.040-.127) .114 (.054-.279) 883

01-02 .013 (.010-.016) .012 (.009-.016) .022 (.017-.030) .040 (.031-.054) .055 (.046-.069) 683

03-04 .014 (.011-.017) .013 (.009-.018) .024 (.017-.034) .041 (.028-.073) .064 (.039-.158) 618

05-06 .008 (.007-.009) .010 (.010-.010) .010 (.010-.020) .030 (.020-.030) .040 (.030-.050) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .009 (.007-.011) .008 (.006-.010) .014 (.010-.020) .028 (.018-.049) .052 (.030-.067) 568

01-02 .008 (.007-.009) .008 (.007-.009) .012 (.011-.015) .021 (.017-.027) .030 (.023-.037) 667

03-04 .008 (.008-.009) .007 (.007-.008) .012 (.011-.013) .021 (.017-.027) .031 (.023-.045) 722

05-06 .006 (.005-.007) .010 (.010-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.010-.020) .020 (.020-.030) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .007 (.006-.009) .007 (.006-.007) .012 (.009-.016) .023 (.017-.037) .043 (.027-.051) 822

01-02 .008 (.007-.009) .007 (.006-.009) .013 (.011-.016) .026 (.019-.035) .037 (.029-.050) 1132

03-04 * .006 (.005-.007) .010 (.009-.012) .018 (.015-.023) .027 (.020-.036) 1074

05-06 .005 (.005-.006) .010 (<LOD-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.010-.020) .030 (.020-.040) 1041

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.004, 0.004, 0.005, and 0.002 respectively. 

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
57 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Uranium (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 .007 (.006-.009) .007 (.006-.009) .013 (.010-.016) .024 (.019-.030) .034 (.027-.053) 2464

01-02 .008 (.007-.010) .007 (.006-.009) .014 (.011-.018) .026 (.020-.034) .040 (.028-.058) 2689

03-04 .008 (.007-.008) .007 (.006-.008) .012 (.010-.014) .021 (.017-.025) .029 (.023-.039) 2557

05-06 .006 (.005-.006) .010 (<LOD.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.010-.020) .030 (.020-.040) 2576

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 .009 (.007-.012) .008 (.006-.011) .015 (.010-.024) .030 (.016-.044) .037 (.030-.077) 340

01-02 .010 (.008-.011) .010 (.008-.012) .015 (.013-.019) .027 (.018-.032) .033 (.027-.048) 368

03-04 .009 (.008-.010) .008 (.007-.010) .013 (.011-.017) .024 (.016-.039) .033 (.022-.050) 289

05-06 .007 (.006-.008) .010 (<LOD-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.010-.040) .030 (.020-.050) 355

12-19 years 99-00 .007 (.006-.008) .006 (.005-.008) .010 (.009-.014) .020 (.014-.030) .030 (.019-.074) 719

01-02 .007 (.006-.008) .007 (.006-.008) .012 (.009-.016) .020 (.015-.026) .026 (.020-.042) 762

03-04 .007 (.006-.008) .006 (.005-.007) .010 (.008-.013) .019 (.015-.027) .034 (.022-.041) 725

05-06 .006 (.005-.006) .010 (.00-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.010-.020) .020 (.020-.030) 701

20 years and older 99-00 .007 (.006-.009) .007 (.006-.009) .013 (.010-.016) .024 (.019-.029) .034 (.025-.051) 1405

01-02 .008 (.007-.010) .007 (.006-.009) .014 (.011-.019) .027 (.020-.039) .043 (.030-.063) 1559

03-04 * .007 (.006-.008) .012 (.010-.014) .020 (.017-.024) .028 (.022-.038) 1543

05-06 .005 (.005-.006) .010 (<LOD-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.010-.020) .030 (.020-.040) 1520

Gender

Males 99-00 .007 (.006-.009) .006 (.005-.008) .011 (.009-.015) .021 (.017-.028) .035 (.024-.056) 1227

01-02 .007 (.006-.008) .007 (.006-.008) .012 (.010-.015) .022 (.018-.028) .033 (.025-.047) 1334

03-04 .007 (.006-.008) .006 (.006-.007) .010 (.009-.012) .019 (.015-.024) .026 (.019-.039) 1280

05-06 .005 (.005-.005) †.000 (.000-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .010 (.010-.020) .020 (.020-.030) 1271

Females 99-00 .008 (.007-.010) .007 (.006-.010) .013 (.010-.017) .025 (.019-.033) .034 (.027-.054) 1237

01-02 .009 (.008-.011) .009 (.007-.011) .016 (.012-.021) .029 (.021-.042) .045 (.031-.067) 1355

03-04 * .008 (.007-.009) .013 (.011-.016) .022 (.018-.028) .031 (.025-.041) 1277

05-06 .006 (.006-.007) .010 (<LOD-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.020-.020) .030 (.020-.040) 1305

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 .015 (.011-.022) .015 (.011-.020) .029 (.016-.058) .059 (.027-.146) .100 (.042-.270) 883

01-02 .012 (.010-.016) .012 (.009-.016) .021 (.015-.028) .033 (.024-.053) .050 (.034-.080) 682

03-04 .013 (.010-.016) .013 (.009-.017) .022 (.016-.029) .035 (.026-.051) .051 (.034-.061) 618

05-06 .008 (.006-.009) .010 (.010-.010) .010 (.010-.020) .020 (.020-.030) .030 (.030-.060) 652

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 .006 (.004-.007) .005 (.004-.006) .008 (.006-.013) .017 (.011-.029) .028 (.018-.048) 568

01-02 .005 (.005-.006) .005 (.005-.006) .008 (.007-.010) .013 (.011-.014) .017 (.014-.029) 667

03-04 .006 (.005-.006) .005 (.005-.006) .009 (.008-.009) .013 (.012-.015) .018 (.014-.024) 722

05-06 .004 (.004-.005) †.000 (.000-.000) .010 (.010-.010) .010 (.010-.020) .020 (.010-.020) 692

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 .007 (.006-.009) .007 (.006-.009) .012 (.010-.015) .021 (.017-.027) .030 (.024-.050) 822

01-02 .008 (.007-.009) .007 (.006-.009) .013 (.011-.016) .025 (.018-.032) .034 (.025-.051) 1132

03-04 * .007 (.006-.008) .011 (.010-.013) .019 (.015-.024) .027 (.020-.040) 1074

05-06 .006 (.005-.006) .010 (<LOD-.010) .010 (.010-.010) .020 (.010-.020) .020 (.020-.040) 1041

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.

† The creatinine corrected values were calculated to be <0.0001, and were rounded as shown. 
58 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Paraben Chemical Information

Urinary Butyl paraben

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 * < LOD 1.30 (.800-1.80) 6.60 (4.80-10.7) 19.6 (16.4-26.7) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 * < LOD .400 (.200-.600) 1.90 (.800-5.80) 7.50 (1.70-18.5) 356

12-19 years 05-06 * .200 (<LOD-.400) .900 (.600-1.80) 9.60 (4.10-16.1) 24.6 (14.5-33.4) 702

20 years and older 05-06 * < LOD 1.70 (1.00-2.20) 6.80 (4.80-11.7) 20.5 (15.8-28.3) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 * < LOD .300 (<LOD-.300) 1.10 (.600-2.00) 3.20 (1.90-5.50) 1270

Females 05-06 .904 (.760-1.07) .500 (.400-.700) 3.70 (2.90-4.80) 17.4 (11.7-20.8) 34.9 (28.2-41.1) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 * .200 (<LOD-.300) 1.10 (.700-2.30) 11.3 (6.40-15.6) 27.3 (16.5-35.9) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 * .300 (.200-.400) 2.10 (1.00-3.50) 9.10 (4.40-25.0) 31.8 (10.1-82.6) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 * < LOD 1.00 (.700-1.80) 5.80 (4.00-9.00) 17.7 (11.7-25.9) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey year 05-06 is 0.2.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.

Urinary Butyl paraben (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 * < LOD 1.16 (.910-1.62) 7.82 (6.26-11.2) 21.2 (16.8-27.3) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 * < LOD .440 (.370-.660) 1.65 (1.00-5.29) 7.92 (1.64-30.5) 356

12-19 years 05-06 * .190 (<LOD-.250) .690 (.490-1.20) 6.67 (3.60-11.2) 18.7 (9.52-28.9) 702

20 years and older 05-06 * < LOD 1.49 (1.06-1.96) 9.07 (6.55-14.8) 25.5 (17.9-30.4) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 * < LOD .290 (<LOD-.350) .830 (.570-1.16) 2.28 (1.43-2.91) 1270

Females 05-06 1.06 (.914-1.24) .750 (.600-.860) 4.44 (3.01-6.26) 19.8 (13.5-25.7) 34.7 (26.9-42.7) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 * .240 (<LOD-.290) 1.20 (.760-1.68) 9.15 (5.36-15.2) 20.3 (15.8-29.2) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 * .220 (.180-.270) 1.46 (.750-2.64) 8.18 (3.65-17.9) 21.0 (10.9-51.3) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 * < LOD 1.12 (.850-1.65) 6.93 (5.21-9.91) 20.9 (15.4-27.3) 1038

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
59 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

 Paraben Chemical Information

Urinary Ethyl paraben

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 * < LOD 4.80 (3.40-6.00) 26.2 (19.4-31.9) 57.2 (40.3-83.4) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 * < LOD < LOD 2.60 (1.70-4.70) 9.90 (2.80-30.7) 356

12-19 years 05-06 * < LOD 2.30 (1.30-3.20) 11.3 (7.90-24.1) 38.0 (17.7-122) 702

20 years and older 05-06 * < LOD 5.90 (4.60-8.10) 30.4 (22.3-38.6) 69.5 (48.1-89.5) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 * < LOD 1.90 (1.20-3.00) 8.90 (5.80-13.7) 25.2 (15.7-29.2) 1270

Females 05-06 * 1.30 (<LOD-2.20) 10.0 (7.50-13.2) 42.7 (32.3-62.8) 98.7 (74.7-147) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 * < LOD 3.70 (1.90-6.10) 24.0 (11.6-37.7) 55.6 (40.3-120) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 * 1.00 (<LOD-1.50) 5.70 (3.70-9.80) 31.3 (20.4-52.1) 92.3 (41.5-166) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 * < LOD 4.80 (3.10-6.10) 24.0 (15.5-32.3) 54.7 (36.4-86.8) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey year 05-06 is 1.0.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.

Urinary Ethyl paraben (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 * < LOD 4.61 (3.39-6.30) 27.1 (19.1-34.0) 66.5 (46.5-84.2) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 * < LOD < LOD 4.18 (1.91-10.2) 13.5 (4.18-29.0) 356

12-19 years 05-06 * < LOD 1.94 (1.29-2.65) 10.9 (3.57-20.2) 32.0 (14.1-57.8) 702

20 years and older 05-06 * < LOD 6.36 (4.63-7.92) 32.4 (23.7-46.0) 76.8 (57.3-97.9) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 * < LOD 1.82 (1.48-2.15) 6.38 (3.55-9.95) 15.5 (10.2-22.3) 1270

Females 05-06 * 2.09 (<LOD-2.60) 12.7 (8.45-16.2) 57.3 (40.7-75.2) 107 (82.9-141) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 * < LOD 3.49 (2.09-5.23) 23.6 (11.8-33.2) 68.5 (32.1-107) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 * .970 (<LOD-1.14) 4.48 (2.90-6.07) 22.0 (14.1-36.8) 47.5 (33.7-106) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 * < LOD 4.73 (3.38-6.58) 27.5 (16.2-38.4) 70.6 (46.0-91.2) 1038

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
60 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

 Paraben Chemical Information

Urinary Methyl paraben 

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 56.4 (46.9-67.9) 63.5 (47.9-74.5) 216 (168-282) 560 (432-777) 974 (827-1110) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 33.5 (25.6-43.8) 25.0 (19.4-35.3) 86.7 (61.5-153) 289 (238-868) 1560 (389-2090) 356

12-19 years 05-06 53.8 (43.9-66.0) 53.5 (39.4-65.7) 192 (163-264) 491 (380-720) 901 (571-1210) 702

20 years and older 05-06 60.3 (48.7-74.7) 70.0 (57.1-85.3) 225 (177-322) 602 (439-814) 974 (827-1110) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 29.8 (24.8-35.8) 23.7 (19.5-29.4) 97.6 (78.1-121) 299 (229-355) 491 (385-743) 1270

Females 05-06 104 (80.8-135) 137 (93.0-168) 356 (279-427) 842 (660-974) 1110 (956-1330) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 78.2 (61.0-100) 86.3 (64.7-121) 301 (233-349) 742 (474-896) 1100 (896-1170) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 174 (133-229) 216 (150-306) 616 (465-789) 1180 (1010-1480) 1690 (1210-2880) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 43.8 (36.7-52.3) 44.3 (36.7-58.2) 165 (132-209) 412 (320-520) 806 (485-974) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey year 05-06 is 1.0.

Urinary Methyl paraben (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 55.0 (46.8-64.6) 58.8 (47.0-73.4) 221 (170-264) 527 (426-685) 902 (753-995) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 36.8 (27.9-48.7) 26.9 (21.0-36.6) 108 (55.9-164) 259 (195-753) 1540 (313-2510) 356

12-19 years 05-06 40.1 (33.7-47.8) 41.7 (31.5-56.3) 160 (129-178) 362 (280-428) 549 (434-656) 702

20 years and older 05-06 60.5 (50.5-72.5) 69.6 (51.5-90.9) 251 (189-320) 602 (462-729) 930 (788-1010) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 23.9 (20.6-27.8) 21.1 (17.4-25.3) 72.1 (58.0-89.5) 209 (160-260) 368 (262-498) 1270

Females 05-06 123 (99.3-152) 147 (111-196) 377 (319-445) 788 (676-910) 1050 (937-1290) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 70.3 (57.1-86.7) 85.8 (67.2-106) 249 (191-303) 515 (431-656) 870 (656-1080) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 122 (93.0-161) 161 (98.2-225) 377 (334-462) 792 (581-1100) 1220 (916-1590) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 46.1 (39.0-54.4) 45.6 (34.5-59.7) 170 (142-234) 447 (339-706) 814 (640-995) 1038
61 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Paraben Chemical Information

Urinary n-Propyl paraben

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 7.91 (6.41-9.77) 8.70 (5.90-12.4) 48.9 (36.6-64.8) 160 (129-200) 299 (237-354) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 3.41 (2.43-4.77) 2.50 (1.60-4.30) 11.1 (7.10-21.0) 47.5 (30.0-91.9) 125 (55.8-383) 356

12-19 years 05-06 8.16 (5.70-11.7) 8.40 (5.00-13.9) 46.4 (24.1-68.5) 165 (96.7-222) 310 (201-361) 702

20 years and older 05-06 8.67 (6.83-11.0) 11.2 (7.70-14.4) 55.6 (41.2-75.6) 172 (130-233) 302 (237-367) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 2.96 (2.33-3.77) 2.30 (1.60-3.10) 13.8 (9.00-18.0) 51.7 (39.7-70.9) 125 (77.2-185) 1270

Females 05-06 20.4 (16.0-25.9) 29.1 (21.6-37.5) 93.0 (75.7-129) 254 (193-318) 357 (318-395) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 10.6 (8.08-13.8) 12.1 (7.00-17.5) 65.9 (43.5-93.3) 247 (174-293) 389 (293-453) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 26.8 (21.5-33.3) 34.7 (28.3-44.2) 125 (89.5-165) 331 (236-411) 531 (367-730) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 6.21 (5.02-7.68) 6.00 (4.60-9.10) 35.7 (28.4-49.6) 130 (92.1-157) 229 (156-318) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey year 05-06 is 0.2.

Urinary n-Propyl paraben (creatinine corrected)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 7.71 (6.40-9.30) 8.27 (5.87-11.3) 52.9 (41.6-66.1) 161 (140-178) 263 (226-288) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 3.75 (2.67-5.26) 2.70 (1.89-4.43) 11.5 (8.07-16.0) 52.1 (22.9-100) 121 (55.5-352) 356

12-19 years 05-06 6.08 (4.36-8.49) 5.44 (3.03-10.5) 33.0 (20.7-48.7) 116 (81.9-161) 175 (140-239) 702

20 years and older 05-06 8.70 (7.08-10.7) 10.8 (7.39-15.2) 63.2 (49.7-80.5) 178 (152-198) 270 (236-293) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 2.38 (1.92-2.95) 1.84 (1.42-2.46) 9.52 (6.79-12.8) 40.5 (31.1-51.5) 90.8 (56.8-125) 1270

Females 05-06 23.9 (19.9-28.8) 34.9 (26.9-46.6) 114 (101-132) 235 (193-263) 306 (277-342) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 9.49 (7.29-12.4) 11.0 (6.69-16.4) 55.2 (44.9-79.6) 186 (147-271) 329 (194-441) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 18.8 (15.2-23.3) 23.6 (19.0-30.8) 83.7 (61.8-105) 217 (169-255) 318 (242-377) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 6.53 (5.32-8.02) 6.45 (3.96-9.11) 47.4 (32.6-65.3) 146 (119-184) 241 (184-278) 1038

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.
62 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBuS)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2094

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .100 (<LOD-.200) 2120

Age group

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 640

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .100 (<LOD-.100) 640

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1454

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .100 (<LOD-.200) 1480

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1053

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .100 (<LOD-.200) 1048

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1041

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .100 (<LOD-.200) 1072

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 485

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .100 (<LOD-.200) 499

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 538

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .100 (<LOD-.100) 544

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 962

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .100 (<LOD-.400) 935

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.4 and 0.1.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
63 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD .300 (<LOD-.500) .600 (.400-1.10) .900 (.500-1.80) 2094

05-06 .355 (.297-.423) .300 (.300-.400) .500 (.400-.700) .900 (.600-1.60) 1.50 (.900-2.60) 2120

Age group

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .500 (<LOD-1.00) .800 (.300-1.20) 640

05-06 .295 (.258-.338) .300 (.200-.300) .500 (.400-.500) .600 (.500-.800) .800 (.600-1.60) 640

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD .400 (<LOD-.500) .700 (.400-1.00) .900 (.500-1.80) 1454

05-06 .364 (.303-.438) .300 (.300-.400) .500 (.400-.700) 1.00 (.600-1.70) 1.50 (.900-2.60) 1480

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD .400 (<LOD-.500) .800 (.400-1.40) 1.10 (.600-2.10) 1053

05-06 .381 (.318-.456) .400 (.300-.400) .600 (.400-.800) 1.00 (.600-2.20) 1.70 (1.00-2.60) 1048

Females 03-04 * < LOD .300 (<LOD-.400) .500 (.400-.800) .800 (.500-1.20) 1041

05-06 .331 (.277-.396) .300 (.300-.400) .500 (.400-.600) .900 (.600-1.40) 1.30 (.800-2.30) 1072

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .500 (.400-.500) .600 (.500-.800) 485

05-06 .283 (.245-.327) .300 (.200-.300) .400 (.300-.500) .600 (.500-1.00) 1.00 (.500-2.40) 499

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD .400 (<LOD-.700) .800 (.400-1.50) 1.00 (.500-3.10) 538

05-06 .405 (.309-.531) .400 (.300-.500) .600 (.400-.900) 1.20 (.600-2.90) 2.30 (1.10-3.70) 544

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD .300 (<LOD-.500) .600 (.400-1.00) .900 (.500-1.80) 962

05-06 .350 (.294-.417) .300 (.300-.400) .500 (.400-.700) .900 (.600-1.50) 1.40 (.800-2.30) 935

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.3 and 0.2.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
64 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2094

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2120

Age group

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 640

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 640

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1454

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1480

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1053

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1048

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1041

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1072

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 485

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 499

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 538

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 544

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 962

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 935

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 1.0 and 0.2.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
65 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .400 (<LOD-.500) 2094

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .700 (<LOD-1.70) 2120

Age group

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .400 (<LOD-.600) .600 (.500-.900) 640

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .700 (<LOD-1.10) 1.10 (.600-2.70) 640

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1454

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .600 (<LOD-2.10) 1480

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (<LOD-.400) 1053

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .400 (<LOD-1.00) .800 (<LOD-2.10) 1048

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .400 (.300-.600) 1041

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .600 (<LOD-1.30) 1072

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .500 (<LOD-.900) 485

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .500 (<LOD-1.50) 499

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 538

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .500 (<LOD-1.80) 544

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (<LOD-.500) 962

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .800 (<LOD-2.10) 935

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.3 and 0.4.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
66 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 1.93 (1.73-2.16) 1.90 (1.70-2.10) 3.30 (2.80-3.90) 5.90 (4.80-7.20) 8.30 (7.10-9.70) 2094

05-06 1.67 (1.42-1.98) 1.80 (1.50-2.10) 3.20 (2.60-4.00) 5.40 (4.40-7.10) 8.30 (5.80-11.9) 2120

Age group

12-19 years 03-04 2.44 (2.05-2.90) 2.40 (1.80-3.20) 4.90 (4.00-6.30) 9.50 (6.80-12.5) 13.3 (9.90-19.6) 640

05-06 2.09 (1.74-2.52) 2.40 (2.00-2.90) 4.30 (3.70-5.40) 9.50 (6.40-13.1) 14.1 (9.80-17.8) 640

20 years and older 03-04 1.86 (1.67-2.08) 1.80 (1.60-2.10) 3.00 (2.60-3.60) 5.50 (4.50-6.70) 7.60 (6.30-9.40) 1454

05-06 1.62 (1.37-1.92) 1.70 (1.50-2.10) 3.10 (2.50-3.80) 5.20 (4.20-6.50) 7.20 (5.10-11.6) 1480

Gender

Males 03-04 2.17 (1.87-2.51) 2.10 (1.80-2.40) 3.40 (2.80-4.50) 6.10 (4.60-8.10) 8.50 (6.50-10.5) 1053

05-06 2.08 (1.76-2.45) 2.20 (1.80-2.70) 3.70 (3.20-4.60) 6.40 (4.80-9.30) 9.50 (6.70-13.7) 1048

Females 03-04 1.72 (1.56-1.91) 1.60 (1.40-1.80) 2.90 (2.50-3.50) 5.80 (4.60-7.10) 8.20 (6.70-10.0) 1041

05-06 1.37 (1.15-1.63) 1.50 (1.20-1.70) 2.80 (2.20-3.30) 4.60 (3.90-5.80) 6.60 (5.60-9.30) 1072

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 1.42 (1.17-1.72) 1.50 (1.20-1.70) 2.30 (1.90-2.90) 4.30 (3.10-5.10) 5.50 (4.00-8.90) 485

05-06 1.25 (.884-1.76) 1.60 (1.20-2.10) 2.80 (2.50-3.40) 4.30 (3.60-5.20) 6.00 (4.60-7.20) 499

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 1.92 (1.62-2.26) 1.90 (1.60-2.20) 3.50 (2.80-4.60) 6.00 (5.00-7.10) 8.30 (6.30-12.0) 538

05-06 1.53 (1.13-2.07) 1.70 (1.40-2.20) 3.30 (2.50-4.10) 5.40 (3.90-7.50) 7.50 (5.30-11.0) 544

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 2.01 (1.77-2.27) 1.90 (1.70-2.20) 3.30 (2.80-4.10) 6.10 (4.70-7.80) 8.20 (6.90-10.1) 962

05-06 1.79 (1.48-2.17) 1.80 (1.50-2.20) 3.30 (2.70-4.30) 5.60 (4.60-8.20) 9.40 (6.10-13.1) 935

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.3 and 0.1.
67 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 .966 (.816-1.14) 1.00 (.900-1.10) 1.50 (1.20-1.80) 2.30 (1.60-4.30) 3.20 (1.80-7.70) 2094

05-06 1.09 (.909-1.29) 1.10 (.900-1.20) 1.70 (1.30-2.10) 2.60 (1.80-4.20) 3.60 (2.50-5.70) 2120

Age group

12-19 years 03-04 .852 (.697-1.04) .800 (.700-1.00) 1.20 (1.00-1.60) 1.90 (1.20-3.70) 2.80 (1.30-6.30) 640

05-06 .929 (.782-1.10) .900 (.800-1.10) 1.40 (1.10-1.80) 2.00 (1.60-2.70) 2.70 (2.10-3.40) 640

20 years and older 03-04 .984 (.835-1.16) 1.00 (.900-1.10) 1.50 (1.20-1.80) 2.40 (1.60-4.40) 3.40 (1.80-8.40) 1454

05-06 1.11 (.929-1.33) 1.10 (1.00-1.20) 1.70 (1.30-2.20) 2.60 (1.80-4.40) 3.90 (2.50-5.80) 1480

Gender

Males 03-04 1.09 (.912-1.30) 1.10 (.900-1.20) 1.60 (1.40-1.90) 2.40 (1.70-5.00) 4.00 (1.80-8.70) 1053

05-06 1.19 (.993-1.43) 1.20 (1.00-1.30) 1.80 (1.40-2.50) 2.90 (1.80-4.60) 3.90 (2.50-6.70) 1048

Females 03-04 .861 (.721-1.03) .900 (.800-1.00) 1.30 (1.00-1.70) 2.20 (1.40-3.40) 3.00 (1.70-6.10) 1041

05-06 .992 (.833-1.18) .900 (.800-1.10) 1.50 (1.20-1.90) 2.40 (1.70-3.50) 3.10 (2.10-5.70) 1072

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 .689 (.586-.809) .700 (.600-.900) 1.10 (.900-1.40) 1.60 (1.30-2.00) 2.00 (1.60-2.80) 485

05-06 .821 (.710-.951) .800 (.700-.900) 1.20 (1.10-1.40) 1.60 (1.30-2.30) 2.30 (1.50-3.20) 499

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 1.14 (.834-1.54) 1.10 (.900-1.40) 1.70 (1.20-2.90) 3.20 (1.50-6.50) 4.70 (2.10-9.30) 538

05-06 1.17 (.916-1.50) 1.20 (.900-1.40) 1.60 (1.30-2.50) 2.60 (1.70-5.60) 4.40 (2.40-8.20) 544

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 .963 (.826-1.12) .900 (.900-1.10) 1.50 (1.20-1.70) 2.30 (1.60-3.60) 3.00 (1.80-6.20) 962

05-06 1.10 (.914-1.31) 1.10 (.900-1.20) 1.70 (1.30-2.10) 2.60 (1.80-4.20) 3.50 (2.40-5.70) 935

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.1 and 0.1.
68 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 3.95 (3.65-4.27) 4.10 (3.80-4.40) 5.80 (5.30-6.40) 7.80 (6.70-9.60) 9.80 (7.40-14.1) 2094

05-06 3.92 (3.48-4.42) 4.20 (3.80-4.50) 6.20 (5.40-7.20) 9.00 (7.40-11.2) 11.3 (8.80-14.5) 2120

Age group

12-19 years 03-04 3.89 (3.47-4.35) 4.00 (3.50-4.50) 5.40 (4.60-6.10) 7.00 (5.60-9.20) 8.60 (5.90-12.6) 640

05-06 3.59 (3.26-3.96) 3.80 (3.30-4.20) 5.40 (4.60-5.90) 6.90 (6.30-7.90) 8.40 (7.30-10.1) 640

20 years and older 03-04 3.96 (3.67-4.27) 4.10 (3.90-4.40) 5.90 (5.40-6.50) 7.80 (6.80-9.60) 9.90 (7.60-14.2) 1454

05-06 3.97 (3.51-4.49) 4.20 (3.80-4.60) 6.40 (5.40-7.50) 9.30 (7.40-11.9) 11.6 (9.00-14.8) 1480

Gender

Males 03-04 4.47 (4.07-4.91) 4.60 (4.30-5.00) 6.30 (5.70-7.20) 8.40 (6.80-12.5) 10.7 (7.40-17.5) 1053

05-06 4.69 (4.23-5.20) 4.90 (4.40-5.40) 7.20 (6.10-8.00) 9.90 (8.00-12.2) 12.2 (9.60-15.2) 1048

Females 03-04 3.50 (3.21-3.82) 3.60 (3.30-3.90) 5.20 (4.70-5.80) 7.10 (6.30-8.20) 8.60 (7.40-10.6) 1041

05-06 3.31 (2.89-3.79) 3.50 (3.10-4.00) 5.20 (4.40-6.00) 7.90 (6.10-9.70) 10.1 (7.50-14.2) 1072

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 3.11 (2.84-3.40) 3.30 (3.10-3.70) 4.50 (4.20-5.20) 6.70 (5.70-7.30) 7.60 (6.70-10.5) 485

05-06 2.62 (2.33-2.95) 2.80 (2.50-3.30) 4.30 (3.80-4.70) 5.80 (5.30-6.70) 7.40 (5.90-8.10) 499

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 3.37 (2.99-3.79) 3.70 (3.20-4.20) 5.20 (4.40-6.30) 7.70 (5.30-11.6) 9.60 (6.50-13.9) 538

05-06 3.27 (2.61-4.08) 3.70 (3.00-4.20) 5.50 (4.40-6.80) 8.10 (6.00-11.3) 10.4 (7.80-12.3) 544

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 4.18 (3.85-4.53) 4.30 (3.90-4.70) 6.00 (5.50-6.70) 7.90 (7.20-9.20) 9.90 (7.60-13.3) 962

05-06 4.27 (3.80-4.81) 4.40 (4.00-5.00) 6.60 (5.60-7.80) 9.60 (7.40-12.2) 11.6 (8.80-14.8) 935

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.1 and 0.1.
69 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 20.7 (19.2-22.3) 21.2 (19.8-22.4) 30.0 (27.5-33.0) 41.3 (35.6-50.0) 54.6 (44.0-66.5) 2094

05-06 17.1 (16.0-18.2) 17.5 (16.8-18.6) 27.2 (24.9-29.6) 39.4 (34.9-43.1) 47.5 (42.7-56.8) 2120

Age group

12-19 years 03-04 19.3 (17.5-21.4) 19.9 (17.8-22.0) 27.1 (23.7-30.2) 36.5 (28.6-45.6) 42.6 (35.1-52.1) 640

05-06 15.0 (14.3-15.7) 14.9 (13.6-16.6) 22.7 (19.7-24.9) 30.6 (27.8-34.1) 38.5 (33.0-44.6) 640

20 years and older 03-04 20.9 (19.3-22.5) 21.4 (19.8-22.8) 30.4 (28.1-33.0) 42.7 (35.7-53.3) 57.8 (45.7-69.4) 1454

05-06 17.4 (16.2-18.7) 18.0 (17.1-19.4) 27.8 (25.3-30.8) 40.2 (35.6-44.5) 49.6 (42.8-60.7) 1480

Gender

Males 03-04 23.2 (21.1-25.6) 23.9 (22.4-25.5) 32.2 (28.8-35.9) 45.3 (35.5-62.7) 62.7 (43.8-81.8) 1053

05-06 20.5 (19.4-21.8) 21.3 (20.0-22.5) 31.4 (27.9-33.7) 43.3 (38.7-49.7) 54.3 (43.5-80.7) 1048

Females 03-04 18.4 (17.0-20.0) 18.2 (16.9-19.8) 27.4 (23.8-30.2) 39.8 (34.4-42.6) 46.6 (42.3-61.5) 1041

05-06 14.4 (13.3-15.4) 14.6 (13.5-15.9) 23.3 (21.1-25.3) 34.2 (30.6-37.7) 42.8 (38.0-46.5) 1072

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 14.7 (13.0-16.6) 15.9 (13.4-17.9) 21.2 (18.7-23.5) 28.1 (24.1-35.0) 35.5 (28.9-38.5) 485

05-06 11.2 (10.3-12.2) 11.6 (9.90-13.3) 17.2 (15.4-19.3) 24.9 (22.0-30.3) 31.9 (26.4-40.6) 499

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 21.6 (19.1-24.4) 22.1 (19.6-24.9) 32.3 (28.1-36.2) 43.8 (37.2-57.3) 57.7 (43.8-78.4) 538

05-06 18.4 (15.6-21.8) 19.0 (16.7-22.3) 27.6 (24.3-35.5) 45.9 (34.4-58.1) 57.9 (45.0-84.4) 544

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 21.4 (19.9-23.1) 22.0 (20.5-23.0) 30.2 (27.7-33.3) 41.7 (35.7-49.6) 56.3 (44.0-70.0) 962

05-06 18.1 (17.1-19.1) 18.6 (17.3-19.8) 28.3 (26.1-30.8) 39.7 (35.6-43.3) 46.6 (42.7-54.3) 935

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.4 and 0.2.
70 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.300) .300 (.300-.400) 2094

05-06 * < LOD .100 (<LOD-.200) .200 (.200-.300) .300 (.200-.500) 2120

Age group

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.300) .300 (.200-.500) 640

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .200 (.100-.300) .300 (.200-.500) 640

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.300) .300 (.300-.400) 1454

05-06 * < LOD .100 (<LOD-.200) .200 (.200-.300) .300 (.200-.500) 1480

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.300) .300 (.200-.500) 1053

05-06 * < LOD .100 (.100-.200) .200 (.200-.300) .300 (.200-.600) 1048

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.300) .300 (.300-.500) 1041

05-06 * < LOD .100 (<LOD-.100) .200 (.200-.300) .300 (.200-.400) 1072

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .200 (<LOD-.300) 485

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .200 (<LOD-.300) .200 (<LOD-5.00) 499

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.300) .300 (.200-.500) 538

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .200 (.100-.200) .200 (.200-.400) 544

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.300) .300 (.300-.500) 962

05-06 * < LOD .100 (.100-.200) .200 (.200-.300) .300 (.200-.500) 935

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.2 and 0.1.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
71 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum 2-(N-Ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (Et-PFOSA-AcOH)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2094

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (<LOD-.300) 2120

Age group

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 640

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .200 (<LOD-.400) 640

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1454

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (<LOD-.300) 1480

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1053

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.300) 1048

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1041

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (<LOD-.300) 1072

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 485

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 499

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .400 (<LOD-.500) 538

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 544

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 962

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.400) 935

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.4 and 0.2.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
72 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum 2-(N-Methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (Me-PFOSA-AcOH)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD .700 (<LOD-.700) 1.00 (.900-1.10) 1.30 (1.10-1.50) 2094

05-06 .470 (.426-.518) .500 (.400-.500) .800 (.700-.900) 1.40 (1.30-1.40) 1.80 (1.70-2.00) 2120

Age group

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD .700 (<LOD-.800) 1.10 (.900-1.30) 1.50 (1.20-1.80) 640

05-06 .495 (.436-.562) .500 (.400-.600) .900 (.700-1.00) 1.30 (1.10-1.50) 1.70 (1.30-1.90) 640

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD .700 (<LOD-.700) 1.00 (.900-1.10) 1.20 (1.10-1.60) 1454

05-06 .466 (.423-.513) .500 (.400-.500) .800 (.700-.900) 1.40 (1.30-1.50) 1.90 (1.70-2.00) 1480

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD .700 (<LOD-.700) 1.10 (.900-1.20) 1.30 (1.10-1.70) 1053

05-06 .498 (.459-.541) .500 (.400-.500) .900 (.800-1.00) 1.40 (1.30-1.50) 1.90 (1.60-2.00) 1048

Females 03-04 * < LOD .600 (<LOD-.700) 1.00 (.900-1.10) 1.10 (1.00-1.80) 1041

05-06 .444 (.392-.503) .400 (.400-.500) .800 (.700-.900) 1.30 (1.20-1.50) 1.80 (1.60-2.10) 1072

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .700 (<LOD-.900) .900 (<LOD-1.30) 485

05-06 .335 (.281-.399) .300 (.300-.400) .500 (.400-.800) .900 (.700-1.20) 1.20 (1.00-1.40) 499

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD .800 (<LOD-.900) 1.10 (.900-1.40) 1.50 (1.10-1.80) 538

05-06 .480 (.414-.557) .500 (.400-.600) .800 (.700-1.00) 1.40 (1.20-1.70) 1.90 (1.70-2.30) 544

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD .700 (<LOD-.800) 1.00 (.900-1.10) 1.30 (1.10-1.60) 962

05-06 .491 (.436-.554) .500 (.400-.600) .900 (.800-1.00) 1.40 (1.30-1.50) 1.90 (1.60-2.10) 935

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.6 and 0.2.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
73 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Serum Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .600 (<LOD-1.30) 2094

05-06 * < LOD .300 (.200-.400) .500 (.400-.800) .700 (.600-1.20) 2120

Age group

12-19 years 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (<LOD-1.10) 640

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.500) .500 (.300-.900) 640

20 years and older 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .300 (<LOD-.600) .600 (<LOD-1.40) 1454

05-06 * < LOD .300 (.200-.400) .500 (.400-.800) .800 (.600-1.10) 1480

Gender

Males 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .400 (<LOD-1.00) .700 (<LOD-2.30) 1053

05-06 * < LOD .300 (.200-.400) .600 (.400-.700) .800 (.600-1.10) 1048

Females 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .400 (<LOD-.700) 1041

05-06 * < LOD .300 (<LOD-.400) .500 (.400-.700) .700 (.500-1.10) 1072

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 485

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .300 (<LOD-.700) .500 (.300-1.00) 499

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 * < LOD < LOD .600 (<LOD-1.40) .900 (.300-2.90) 538

05-06 * < LOD .300 (<LOD-.500) .600 (.400-1.50) 1.20 (.600-2.70) 544

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .500 (<LOD-.900) 962

05-06 * < LOD .300 (.200-.400) .500 (.400-.700) .600 (.400-1.50) 935

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.3 and 0.2.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
74 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP)

Metabolite of Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 15.3 (13.7-17.1) 17.0 (15.3-18.9) 35.4 (32.6-39.7) 67.1 (55.3-82.4) 103 (94.6-116) 2541

01-02 15.1 (13.9-16.3) 15.8 (14.8-17.4) 38.0 (34.5-41.2) 80.8 (71.3-88.2) 122 (102-142) 2782

03-04 13.7 (12.7-14.9) 14.3 (12.8-16.4) 32.3 (30.1-35.0) 66.5 (57.3-75.6) 101 (85.3-125) 2605

05-06 11.6 (10.1-13.2) 12.4 (10.8-14.4) 28.8 (25.3-32.9) 62.0 (52.2-73.4) 93.2 (79.7-108) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 39.4 (32.9-47.2) 40.3 (33.8-48.6) 82.0 (55.8-98.1) 129 (98.1-214) 214 (108-399) 328

01-02 33.4 (29.1-38.4) 37.0 (26.6-43.4) 68.5 (61.6-92.8) 166 (116-191) 235 (183-330) 393

03-04 33.9 (28.2-40.6) 35.0 (30.1-39.8) 63.8 (50.4-92.4) 145 (110-213) 255 (146-365) 342

05-06 29.6 (26.6-33.0) 32.7 (26.9-36.9) 64.0 (51.5-79.0) 109 (89.3-145) 161 (123-190) 356

12-19 years 99-00 25.6 (21.9-30.0) 28.3 (22.3-34.8) 51.2 (43.7-58.5) 88.5 (67.2-115) 125 (93.7-170) 752

01-02 23.2 (19.9-27.2) 24.9 (21.2-31.0) 55.5 (47.4-62.9) 113 (91.8-133) 169 (134-198) 742

03-04 22.1 (19.4-25.1) 24.9 (22.3-27.2) 49.9 (39.8-64.6) 89.8 (71.1-120) 152 (99.9-190) 729

05-06 19.7 (16.6-23.4) 20.5 (16.0-25.4) 44.1 (33.6-56.9) 87.0 (61.1-118) 131 (94.0-186) 702

20 years and older 99-00 12.4 (10.9-14.2) 13.8 (12.1-15.6) 29.2 (25.2-33.1) 52.0 (43.9-62.5) 86.3 (54.7-119) 1461

01-02 12.7 (11.7-13.9) 13.9 (12.8-14.9) 31.8 (28.5-33.5) 65.4 (53.8-76.3) 99.7 (82.8-121) 1647

03-04 11.4 (10.3-12.7) 12.1 (10.8-13.5) 27.0 (23.6-29.4) 54.2 (47.1-61.5) 79.5 (66.5-94.8) 1534

05-06 9.54 (8.34-10.9) 10.2 (8.90-12.1) 23.8 (20.1-27.3) 47.2 (39.3-60.3) 79.0 (63.8-92.6) 1490

Gender

Males 99-00 16.2 (14.1-18.6) 17.7 (15.2-20.0) 35.4 (31.5-40.3) 69.4 (59.9-87.2) 108 (96.3-130) 1215

01-02 15.6 (13.6-17.9) 16.0 (14.6-18.5) 37.0 (33.1-43.0) 78.4 (63.5-97.4) 122 (88.2-183) 1371

03-04 14.6 (13.2-16.2) 15.1 (13.2-17.5) 32.3 (29.5-35.6) 65.6 (53.6-79.6) 101 (78.6-132) 1250

05-06 13.2 (11.4-15.2) 14.2 (12.2-17.0) 32.3 (26.8-36.0) 71.7 (55.3-85.6) 98.6 (85.6-116) 1270

Females 99-00 14.6 (12.7-16.6) 16.1 (14.2-19.2) 35.8 (30.8-41.4) 63.7 (53.7-82.4) 103 (84.2-116) 1326

01-02 14.6 (13.1-16.3) 15.4 (13.8-17.9) 38.1 (32.3-43.8) 81.4 (68.3-91.6) 122 (102-143) 1411

03-04 13.0 (11.8-14.2) 13.3 (12.1-15.6) 33.3 (29.5-36.2) 67.1 (58.8-72.4) 101 (84.4-120) 1355

05-06 10.2 (8.75-11.9) 10.7 (9.10-13.0) 25.6 (21.7-30.9) 54.8 (45.8-64.3) 86.2 (66.6-102) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 13.9 (12.1-16.1) 15.7 (13.4-16.9) 33.0 (27.5-36.1) 67.5 (55.5-84.0) 98.8 (80.6-150) 814

01-02 13.2 (10.8-16.2) 14.8 (10.8-18.5) 29.5 (26.2-38.1) 70.4 (53.0-85.4) 94.7 (70.3-161) 677

03-04 14.9 (13.2-16.7) 15.5 (13.5-18.3) 32.4 (27.7-35.4) 71.4 (48.6-92.3) 99.8 (86.5-145) 652

05-06 12.4 (9.89-15.6) 14.2 (11.9-16.5) 27.9 (19.9-43.0) 59.9 (47.1-69.2) 83.1 (60.6-107) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 23.0 (20.7-25.5) 23.1 (20.5-25.6) 49.3 (44.0-55.6) 94.7 (80.0-130) 138 (106-241) 603

01-02 23.8 (21.0-26.9) 24.2 (19.9-28.0) 50.6 (41.5-62.9) 101 (86.4-127) 143 (127-179) 703

03-04 18.9 (16.3-21.8) 20.0 (15.4-24.6) 43.8 (38.9-49.0) 80.9 (70.0-106) 120 (99.7-172) 699

05-06 16.6 (12.5-21.9) 17.6 (14.0-23.7) 36.2 (29.1-48.6) 84.2 (65.6-104) 116 (104-141) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 14.3 (12.7-16.1) 16.1 (14.3-18.6) 34.0 (30.6-38.4) 58.7 (51.3-74.1) 103 (74.1-116) 912

01-02 14.0 (12.7-15.4) 14.6 (13.4-15.6) 35.6 (32.2-39.5) 76.6 (66.1-90.3) 122 (93.2-155) 1216

03-04 12.9 (11.5-14.3) 13.2 (11.7-16.0) 30.5 (27.8-35.1) 63.8 (53.6-72.4) 91.5 (76.3-122) 1088

05-06 10.7 (9.18-12.4) 11.2 (9.70-14.0) 27.5 (23.8-32.7) 60.3 (45.0-72.9) 91.4 (72.9-107) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.8, 0.3, 0.1, and 0.3 respectively. 
75 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 14.0 (13.0-15.0) 13.3 (12.8-14.3) 25.1 (23.4-27.2) 50.1 (41.5-58.8) 77.4 (69.6-86.3) 2541

01-02 14.1 (13.2-15.1) 13.5 (12.7-14.4) 26.6 (24.7-29.1) 54.8 (49.1-58.5) 90.4 (74.4-102) 2782

03-04 12.9 (12.2-13.7) 12.6 (11.2-13.6) 24.6 (22.2-26.4) 46.0 (41.0-51.5) 70.0 (62.4-79.9) 2605

05-06 11.3 (10.1-12.5) 11.4 (10.2-12.5) 21.2 (19.3-24.2) 41.9 (36.7-48.8) 65.8 (59.3-74.0) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 40.0 (33.6-47.6) 38.6 (30.2-51.3) 73.5 (56.6-99.2) 104 (89.4-142) 142 (99.8-173) 328

01-02 38.1 (34.4-42.1) 37.4 (33.8-42.2) 67.9 (55.8-80.4) 134 (116-176) 195 (121-305) 393

03-04 35.8 (30.5-42.1) 32.2 (27.9-40.5) 60.8 (50.1-79.4) 136 (85.5-213) 229 (99.7-397) 342

05-06 32.6 (29.3-36.4) 35.4 (28.5-41.0) 65.4 (49.8-80.2) 108 (87.2-131) 144 (119-180) 356

12-19 years 99-00 17.3 (15.4-19.4) 17.1 (14.6-20.3) 28.3 (24.3-34.8) 49.7 (38.8-69.3) 70.0 (49.6-81.9) 752

01-02 17.9 (15.7-20.5) 18.1 (15.7-20.8) 33.9 (29.3-38.6) 67.7 (55.8-85.9) 100 (80.7-123) 742

03-04 16.6 (15.4-17.8) 16.9 (15.4-18.2) 30.1 (25.1-35.5) 52.2 (40.7-61.8) 77.7 (54.9-115) 729

05-06 14.7 (12.7-17.0) 14.6 (11.6-18.1) 25.8 (22.1-32.9) 49.8 (39.0-63.9) 67.8 (57.4-90.7) 702

20 years and older 99-00 11.8 (10.7-12.9) 12.1 (11.1-12.9) 20.1 (18.4-23.3) 34.6 (30.6-40.9) 57.2 (41.3-73.9) 1461

01-02 12.0 (11.2-12.9) 11.8 (11.1-12.5) 21.6 (19.9-23.7) 42.3 (35.8-48.3) 64.9 (54.2-78.3) 1647

03-04 11.0 (10.3-11.7) 10.5 (9.69-11.6) 19.7 (18.2-21.4) 36.6 (34.8-39.1) 55.8 (46.9-62.4) 1534

05-06 9.57 (8.61-10.6) 9.86 (9.17-10.7) 18.2 (16.8-19.7) 31.1 (27.7-35.4) 48.0 (40.2-59.9) 1490

Gender

Males 99-00 12.7 (11.8-13.6) 12.4 (11.6-13.0) 23.7 (21.5-26.1) 44.5 (35.5-57.0) 73.5 (48.5-99.8) 1215

01-02 12.7 (11.4-14.2) 11.9 (10.9-13.2) 24.1 (21.0-26.4) 49.1 (43.7-56.1) 80.3 (60.9-104) 1371

03-04 11.5 (10.6-12.4) 11.1 (9.73-12.5) 21.1 (19.5-23.6) 39.4 (34.2-49.7) 62.9 (51.9-83.1) 1250

05-06 10.6 (9.24-12.1) 10.5 (9.23-12.4) 19.9 (18.1-23.1) 41.6 (35.4-48.0) 60.6 (50.3-67.0) 1270

Females 99-00 15.3 (13.8-16.8) 14.7 (13.3-16.0) 25.9 (24.1-29.3) 56.4 (46.8-60.6) 80.4 (60.2-117) 1326

01-02 15.6 (14.2-17.3) 15.1 (13.9-16.5) 29.4 (25.8-34.1) 58.5 (49.9-69.4) 95.8 (69.4-116) 1411

03-04 14.4 (13.4-15.6) 13.9 (12.8-15.1) 27.9 (24.7-31.4) 51.9 (43.4-60.3) 73.4 (63.7-90.2) 1355

05-06 12.0 (10.9-13.2) 12.0 (11.3-12.9) 22.2 (20.5-25.4) 44.4 (36.6-57.5) 72.6 (62.8-87.2) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 12.6 (11.4-14.0) 11.9 (10.9-13.2) 24.1 (21.5-26.5) 46.5 (42.0-53.8) 68.2 (56.4-93.8) 814

01-02 12.4 (10.7-14.4) 11.9 (9.95-14.9) 23.7 (19.5-29.0) 46.6 (36.5-61.6) 71.6 (51.1-120) 677

03-04 13.4 (11.7-15.4) 12.5 (11.5-13.4) 24.1 (21.0-27.8) 53.0 (38.3-64.8) 77.8 (57.1-125) 652

05-06 11.2 (9.30-13.5) 11.6 (10.4-12.4) 22.3 (17.5-28.0) 43.0 (31.2-56.3) 63.5 (43.5-75.2) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 14.8 (13.5-16.3) 13.7 (12.2-15.2) 26.9 (22.5-31.8) 56.3 (39.5-76.0) 86.8 (64.4-99.8) 603

01-02 16.7 (14.7-19.0) 15.7 (13.7-19.3) 33.4 (26.5-38.0) 60.1 (53.7-69.4) 108 (75.6-116) 703

03-04 13.4 (11.8-15.3) 13.6 (11.6-15.6) 24.1 (21.9-28.7) 50.0 (41.2-57.8) 74.7 (59.0-90.5) 699

05-06 11.6 (8.94-15.2) 11.4 (9.33-14.8) 22.3 (17.8-29.9) 47.4 (35.9-61.0) 72.6 (55.4-87.4) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 14.0 (12.7-15.3) 13.4 (12.9-14.8) 25.3 (23.1-27.4) 53.3 (38.8-64.8) 78.0 (67.4-90.3) 912

01-02 13.8 (12.8-14.9) 13.0 (12.1-14.3) 25.7 (23.8-27.9) 53.1 (46.5-58.5) 89.2 (69.0-109) 1216

03-04 12.7 (11.8-13.7) 12.5 (10.8-13.8) 24.4 (21.6-26.7) 41.9 (39.0-48.8) 65.6 (57.5-79.5) 1088

05-06 11.2 (9.96-12.6) 11.6 (10.2-13.2) 21.1 (19.0-24.2) 41.5 (34.9-50.7) 65.8 (55.6-79.4) 1038
76 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP)

Metabolite of Di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 01-02 2.71 (2.49-2.94) 2.70 (2.40-3.00) 5.70 (5.30-6.10) 12.0 (11.4-12.7) 17.9 (16.3-19.8) 2782

03-04 3.80 (3.40-4.25) 4.20 (3.70-4.80) 8.40 (7.40-9.50) 15.0 (13.1-17.3) 21.3 (18.6-26.0) 2605

05-06 5.20 (4.64-5.83) 5.80 (5.40-6.60) 11.9 (10.6-13.3) 21.3 (18.7-23.7) 31.6 (27.1-37.2) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 01-02 4.22 (3.28-5.43) 4.40 (3.20-6.20) 10.7 (7.30-13.4) 18.6 (14.2-22.0) 23.4 (20.4-27.8) 393

03-04 6.56 (5.24-8.22) 7.00 (5.10-9.10) 12.8 (9.40-17.7) 24.3 (19.6-34.5) 40.6 (29.3-48.5) 342

05-06 8.53 (7.67-9.48) 9.00 (8.20-10.3) 15.8 (13.7-19.2) 33.2 (27.5-38.4) 49.1 (33.2-54.4) 356

12-19 years 01-02 3.48 (2.90-4.17) 3.80 (2.90-4.40) 7.40 (6.00-9.00) 14.5 (11.7-18.6) 22.3 (16.2-33.4) 742

03-04 4.55 (3.73-5.55) 5.60 (4.50-6.30) 10.1 (8.00-11.4) 17.1 (13.3-20.9) 22.7 (18.5-29.1) 729

05-06 7.46 (6.53-8.51) 7.90 (6.90-9.80) 16.2 (13.6-19.3) 29.2 (23.6-31.3) 34.1 (30.1-49.9) 702

20 years and older 01-02 2.46 (2.30-2.63) 2.40 (2.20-2.70) 5.10 (4.80-5.50) 10.6 (9.40-12.0) 16.3 (13.6-18.5) 1647

03-04 3.46 (3.11-3.84) 3.90 (3.40-4.30) 7.50 (6.70-8.50) 13.3 (11.5-16.5) 19.9 (16.0-25.0) 1534

05-06 4.65 (4.07-5.30) 5.40 (4.70-6.00) 10.6 (9.50-12.0) 18.7 (16.0-21.9) 29.0 (22.1-34.4) 1490

Gender

Males 01-02 2.73 (2.50-2.97) 2.80 (2.40-3.20) 5.60 (5.00-6.10) 11.6 (10.1-12.6) 16.6 (13.6-20.1) 1371

03-04 4.07 (3.56-4.66) 4.30 (3.80-5.10) 9.20 (7.50-10.2) 16.0 (13.3-18.5) 22.7 (17.3-30.3) 1250

05-06 5.65 (5.08-6.29) 6.20 (5.60-6.90) 11.9 (10.7-13.3) 22.1 (18.7-26.5) 32.3 (25.5-39.8) 1270

Females 01-02 2.68 (2.44-2.96) 2.60 (2.30-3.00) 5.80 (5.30-6.50) 12.6 (11.0-14.7) 18.7 (16.3-24.0) 1411

03-04 3.56 (3.19-3.97) 4.10 (3.50-4.50) 8.00 (7.10-9.10) 14.2 (12.5-16.6) 20.5 (17.9-23.0) 1355

05-06 4.80 (4.15-5.55) 5.50 (4.70-6.60) 11.9 (10.1-13.6) 19.6 (17.0-24.1) 29.8 (24.6-35.9) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 01-02 3.26 (2.72-3.91) 3.40 (2.70-4.30) 7.20 (6.20-9.30) 12.2 (11.2-14.7) 18.4 (14.1-25.6) 677

03-04 4.81 (3.85-6.02) 5.10 (4.00-6.70) 10.2 (8.20-12.6) 18.3 (13.5-24.5) 26.0 (19.0-38.5) 652

05-06 6.88 (5.58-8.48) 7.30 (6.00-8.90) 14.5 (11.5-17.5) 26.3 (20.7-34.1) 40.4 (33.8-46.8) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 01-02 4.90 (4.46-5.37) 5.30 (4.60-6.00) 10.7 (9.20-12.0) 18.3 (16.1-20.1) 25.5 (20.7-31.3) 703

03-04 6.67 (5.97-7.46) 6.90 (6.30-7.50) 12.6 (10.9-14.7) 25.7 (17.7-31.0) 33.5 (27.3-43.9) 699

05-06 8.37 (7.06-9.91) 8.70 (7.50-10.2) 16.1 (13.8-19.7) 30.1 (22.1-37.2) 41.4 (30.1-67.7) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 01-02 2.33 (2.10-2.59) 2.30 (1.90-2.60) 4.90 (4.40-5.30) 9.60 (8.30-11.6) 15.6 (13.0-18.6) 1216

03-04 3.17 (2.82-3.56) 3.50 (3.00-4.00) 6.80 (5.90-7.90) 12.5 (10.6-14.5) 17.6 (14.7-20.8) 1088

05-06 4.41 (3.86-5.04) 5.00 (4.20-5.70) 10.3 (9.10-11.5) 18.7 (16.3-21.1) 28.8 (22.1-32.2) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 1.0, 0.3, and 0.3.
77 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 01-02 2.54 (2.36-2.73) 2.46 (2.26-2.68) 4.54 (4.20-4.86) 8.02 (7.78-8.66) 12.0 (10.8-13.5) 2782

03-04 3.57 (3.18-4.00) 3.57 (3.15-4.08) 6.21 (5.36-7.17) 10.9 (9.47-12.7) 15.4 (12.8-18.6) 2605

05-06 5.07 (4.68-5.50) 5.07 (4.74-5.45) 8.81 (8.08-9.55) 15.2 (13.4-16.5) 21.3 (18.3-24.3) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 01-02 4.81 (3.89-5.94) 5.18 (4.13-6.32) 9.20 (7.03-11.7) 15.2 (11.1-24.3) 24.3 (13.9-40.3) 393

03-04 6.94 (5.79-8.31) 7.03 (5.29-8.95) 11.8 (9.56-15.1) 18.6 (15.1-25.1) 28.7 (21.8-36.9) 342

05-06 9.39 (8.56-10.3) 9.46 (8.50-10.3) 15.3 (13.0-18.1) 25.2 (21.6-30.1) 37.9 (28.0-65.5) 356

12-19 years 01-02 2.68 (2.29-3.15) 2.83 (2.39-3.33) 4.79 (4.04-5.51) 7.62 (6.18-10.2) 12.8 (8.76-15.6) 742

03-04 3.41 (2.86-4.05) 3.69 (2.99-4.31) 5.75 (4.69-7.04) 9.32 (7.17-12.0) 13.5 (9.52-20.1) 729

05-06 5.56 (5.05-6.11) 5.82 (5.20-6.53) 9.05 (8.06-10.4) 14.3 (13.4-16.5) 20.3 (17.7-26.8) 702

20 years and older 01-02 2.33 (2.20-2.46) 2.26 (2.08-2.43) 3.89 (3.65-4.25) 7.31 (7.00-7.78) 10.6 (9.46-11.3) 1647

03-04 3.32 (3.00-3.68) 3.33 (3.00-3.81) 5.59 (4.93-6.51) 9.84 (8.65-11.2) 13.5 (11.4-16.0) 1534

05-06 4.66 (4.23-5.13) 4.62 (4.36-5.03) 8.00 (7.23-8.78) 13.5 (11.6-15.7) 18.2 (16.1-23.0) 1490

Gender

Males 01-02 2.22 (2.09-2.35) 2.18 (1.97-2.37) 3.76 (3.58-4.11) 7.38 (6.64-7.95) 11.1 (10.1-12.5) 1371

03-04 3.20 (2.80-3.66) 3.19 (2.74-3.56) 5.84 (4.79-6.56) 10.0 (8.27-12.2) 13.9 (11.5-19.1) 1250

05-06 4.54 (4.19-4.92) 4.45 (4.21-4.81) 7.95 (6.95-8.73) 13.4 (11.6-15.8) 18.5 (16.7-19.8) 1270

Females 01-02 2.88 (2.61-3.18) 2.85 (2.52-3.18) 5.14 (4.67-5.89) 8.66 (8.02-10.1) 13.7 (11.1-15.0) 1411

03-04 3.96 (3.56-4.42) 4.00 (3.57-4.45) 6.73 (5.64-7.80) 11.6 (10.2-13.0) 15.7 (13.0-18.7) 1355

05-06 5.64 (5.04-6.32) 5.86 (5.39-6.39) 9.61 (8.85-10.6) 15.8 (14.3-18.1) 24.3 (18.7-32.5) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 01-02 3.07 (2.58-3.66) 2.98 (2.53-3.82) 5.82 (4.91-6.99) 10.6 (8.28-13.3) 16.0 (12.6-19.4) 677

03-04 4.34 (3.47-5.43) 4.47 (3.53-5.24) 7.75 (6.33-9.69) 13.1 (11.9-16.8) 23.3 (17.9-26.1) 652

05-06 6.19 (5.24-7.31) 6.17 (5.59-7.02) 10.9 (9.61-12.3) 18.6 (17.1-21.5) 28.3 (23.7-36.2) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 01-02 3.44 (3.20-3.69) 3.52 (2.95-3.81) 6.11 (5.03-7.04) 10.6 (8.94-12.4) 15.6 (12.6-19.7) 703

03-04 4.74 (4.07-5.51) 4.65 (4.10-5.30) 7.81 (6.38-10.0) 15.2 (10.8-18.4) 19.9 (15.7-28.7) 699

05-06 5.88 (5.12-6.76) 5.86 (5.03-7.03) 9.74 (8.21-11.3) 14.9 (12.0-19.9) 21.4 (14.9-29.7) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 01-02 2.31 (2.11-2.52) 2.20 (2.01-2.43) 3.80 (3.53-4.39) 7.30 (6.72-7.78) 10.7 (9.62-12.6) 1216

03-04 3.13 (2.76-3.54) 3.17 (2.76-3.72) 5.28 (4.55-6.21) 8.92 (7.64-10.3) 11.8 (10.2-15.1) 1088

05-06 4.64 (4.25-5.07) 4.58 (4.35-4.91) 8.28 (7.45-9.01) 13.7 (12.2-15.6) 18.8 (16.9-22.2) 1038
78 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP)

Metabolite of Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00* 24.6 (22.1-27.4) 26.0 (23.6-29.2) 51.6 (44.5-60.3) 98.6 (90.2-114) 150 (121-169) 2541

01-02 18.9 (17.4-20.6) 20.4 (19.2-21.8) 40.4 (36.5-44.2) 73.6 (65.3-85.6) 108 (94.1-122) 2782

03-04 21.1 (19.8-22.5) 23.2 (21.2-24.8) 42.7 (38.5-47.2) 80.7 (70.2-93.9) 122 (104-137) 2605

05-06 19.6 (18.2-21.3) 20.6 (18.6-23.0) 40.4 (36.4-44.9) 71.5 (66.5-79.5) 107 (96.3-124) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00* 41.4 (35.6-48.0) 40.0 (36.2-49.2) 75.5 (59.1-92.8) 124 (98.4-159) 166 (127-279) 328

01-02 31.1 (26.6-36.5) 32.4 (25.6-37.1) 62.1 (51.3-76.9) 107 (84.3-136) 159 (110-290) 393

03-04 36.3 (30.7-42.9) 36.7 (28.5-47.5) 71.3 (56.9-87.2) 137 (107-162) 191 (150-243) 342

05-06 30.5 (27.5-33.8) 32.3 (27.8-35.0) 57.4 (46.8-65.4) 93.4 (75.6-130) 136 (108-181) 356

12-19 years 99-00* 36.0 (30.8-42.1) 36.3 (30.6-44.9) 68.6 (55.9-79.7) 119 (90.2-159) 165 (121-227) 752

01-02 25.1 (21.6-29.2) 26.7 (22.0-32.7) 52.6 (48.4-60.4) 92.4 (72.7-121) 148 (106-185) 742

03-04 26.7 (24.1-29.5) 28.2 (25.2-33.1) 52.0 (45.3-60.9) 97.5 (74.7-116) 134 (110-158) 729

05-06 27.5 (24.3-31.3) 29.0 (23.7-36.6) 57.2 (48.7-64.9) 88.6 (75.1-105) 125 (96.2-154) 702

20 years and older 99-00* 21.6 (19.0-24.5) 23.1 (19.7-26.1) 46.3 (36.9-53.6) 95.0 (78.7-111) 143 (117-161) 1461

01-02 17.0 (15.4-18.8) 19.1 (17.1-20.4) 35.1 (31.6-40.2) 64.8 (57.3-79.7) 95.4 (84.6-113) 1647

03-04 19.0 (17.7-20.5) 20.7 (18.9-22.9) 38.4 (35.7-42.7) 74.7 (64.1-82.6) 108 (90.7-127) 1534

05-06 17.7 (16.0-19.6) 18.4 (16.6-20.6) 36.7 (32.5-41.4) 65.1 (55.4-74.3) 101 (84.3-121) 1490

Gender

Males 99-00* 22.0 (20.1-24.1) 23.2 (20.4-26.3) 43.1 (36.6-49.5) 84.4 (71.3-96.2) 116 (97.8-132) 1215

01-02 17.7 (16.0-19.6) 19.3 (17.3-21.0) 34.5 (30.3-40.6) 62.1 (54.1-75.5) 95.2 (75.5-117) 1371

03-04 20.0 (18.1-22.0) 21.1 (19.0-24.0) 39.4 (35.5-43.4) 65.5 (59.0-73.0) 95.9 (79.8-111) 1250

05-06 19.8 (18.4-21.4) 20.7 (19.0-23.0) 38.5 (34.6-42.0) 63.8 (56.8-72.0) 96.2 (79.0-113) 1270

Females 99-00* 27.3 (23.6-31.5) 30.0 (25.9-33.3) 59.7 (51.6-69.6) 120 (98.3-145) 167 (143-223) 1326

01-02 20.2 (18.2-22.4) 21.7 (19.7-24.3) 46.7 (43.1-51.1) 85.0 (72.7-92.5) 121 (106-136) 1411

03-04 22.2 (21.2-23.3) 24.4 (23.4-25.8) 47.3 (42.7-53.0) 95.9 (79.9-114) 137 (122-156) 1355

05-06 19.5 (17.2-22.0) 20.4 (17.1-24.7) 42.3 (36.7-52.0) 83.2 (71.0-90.2) 124 (101-137) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00* 23.4 (21.8-25.1) 26.3 (23.9-28.1) 48.1 (41.2-56.7) 92.2 (78.9-101) 117 (104-131) 814

01-02 20.1 (16.6-24.5) 23.1 (18.0-26.5) 42.1 (34.0-51.5) 77.1 (62.9-92.5) 112 (84.6-143) 677

03-04 24.1 (19.8-29.5) 26.9 (20.2-32.0) 47.4 (38.0-58.5) 85.6 (61.7-117) 127 (99.8-165) 652

05-06 22.4 (18.6-27.0) 23.5 (19.0-29.0) 45.4 (37.1-55.4) 90.2 (71.1-119) 132 (106-174) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00* 37.0 (31.9-42.9) 38.7 (33.4-44.5) 78.2 (58.7-91.8) 118 (108-143) 167 (143-197) 603

01-02 29.6 (26.6-33.1) 31.5 (28.7-34.1) 58.3 (51.2-63.4) 93.2 (79.5-121) 138 (110-184) 703

03-04 30.1 (28.4-31.9) 31.5 (29.7-34.1) 64.1 (58.3-67.1) 106 (94.8-119) 144 (115-168) 699

05-06 27.1 (23.1-31.8) 28.5 (25.0-31.2) 53.1 (39.9-65.8) 105 (77.3-135) 143 (118-183) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00* 21.8 (19.3-24.6) 23.2 (19.5-27.5) 46.3 (37.5-53.3) 90.2 (74.7-106) 142 (111-161) 912

01-02 17.6 (16.0-19.3) 19.2 (17.0-21.0) 36.6 (32.4-42.6) 69.2 (59.2-87.6) 107 (89.8-123) 1216

03-04 18.9 (17.6-20.3) 20.7 (18.9-22.8) 38.4 (35.5-42.7) 71.3 (60.1-80.0) 101 (90.7-124) 1088

05-06 17.8 (16.2-19.5) 18.6 (16.9-20.7) 37.8 (33.1-42.1) 65.4 (55.4-73.9) 95.9 (79.5-113) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.9, 1.1, 0.4, and 0.6 respectively. 

*In the 1999-2000 survey period, concentrations of mono-isobutyl phthalate and mono-n-butyl phthalate were measured together and expressed as a combined value, referred to as monobutyl 

phthalate (MBP).
79 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00* 22.4 (20.6-24.4) 21.9 (19.8-24.3) 38.9 (35.0-41.8) 68.3 (60.3-78.3) 97.7 (81.4-131) 2541

01-02 17.8 (16.7-19.0) 17.4 (16.3-18.4) 30.3 (28.1-32.3) 52.4 (47.4-61.0) 81.3 (71.0-92.5) 2782

03-04 19.8 (18.5-21.2) 19.3 (17.7-20.8) 33.9 (30.9-38.5) 59.0 (52.9-68.1) 91.6 (74.1-115) 2605

05-06 19.2 (18.0-20.4) 18.3 (16.8-19.8) 30.8 (29.0-33.0) 50.8 (47.8-56.6) 77.8 (67.2-94.8) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00* 41.9 (37.4-47.1) 39.1 (34.3-49.0) 65.9 (56.7-80.0) 108 (71.2-179) 159 (102-263) 328

01-02 35.4 (31.7-39.6) 35.1 (29.3-38.9) 55.4 (50.1-62.3) 84.0 (69.0-113) 147 (93.8-235) 393

03-04 38.4 (33.8-43.6) 39.0 (34.7-42.6) 59.3 (52.9-68.1) 104 (83.6-119) 137 (108-198) 342

05-06 33.6 (30.8-36.6) 33.9 (30.6-37.4) 50.6 (45.0-58.3) 78.5 (66.8-111) 128 (73.4-172) 356

12-19 years 99-00* 24.3 (21.2-27.8) 23.7 (20.6-27.4) 37.6 (31.6-43.8) 63.3 (52.4-76.4) 88.1 (61.5-142) 752

01-02 19.4 (17.3-21.7) 20.3 (17.5-22.3) 34.9 (30.5-37.9) 53.4 (45.2-73.9) 89.7 (60.3-106) 742

03-04 20.0 (18.7-21.3) 19.8 (18.2-21.7) 30.7 (27.9-34.8) 52.7 (43.4-65.4) 74.4 (56.0-90.9) 729

05-06 20.5 (19.0-22.2) 21.2 (18.8-22.9) 31.9 (29.6-33.8) 49.3 (42.1-56.4) 70.2 (52.0-108) 702

20 years and older 99-00* 20.4 (18.6-22.4) 19.5 (18.1-21.4) 34.9 (30.3-40.0) 62.4 (53.4-72.1) 91.0 (70.4-135) 1461

01-02 16.1 (15.0-17.3) 15.5 (14.2-16.5) 26.3 (24.2-28.6) 44.2 (38.7-51.1) 71.6 (61.2-85.6) 1647

03-04 18.3 (17.0-19.6) 17.7 (16.6-19.2) 31.0 (27.4-34.0) 53.3 (46.5-64.2) 83.8 (65.3-114) 1534

05-06 17.8 (16.4-19.2) 16.8 (15.6-18.4) 28.1 (25.3-30.9) 46.1 (41.5-53.0) 74.3 (55.4-94.8) 1490

Gender

Males 99-00* 17.3 (16.1-18.6) 17.0 (15.5-18.8) 28.6 (25.8-32.1) 49.3 (42.6-53.5) 64.7 (57.3-71.5) 1215

01-02 14.4 (13.5-15.4) 13.7 (12.9-14.9) 22.9 (20.8-24.6) 39.9 (35.6-44.0) 60.0 (50.5-76.2) 1371

03-04 15.7 (14.5-16.9) 14.8 (13.6-16.0) 25.4 (23.6-28.1) 41.4 (37.0-47.5) 59.4 (50.3-81.5) 1250

05-06 15.9 (15.1-16.8) 15.4 (14.2-16.4) 24.9 (23.1-27.0) 38.6 (35.7-42.3) 51.2 (46.1-63.5) 1270

Females 99-00* 28.6 (25.3-32.3) 28.8 (25.5-30.5) 50.6 (41.9-56.3) 84.3 (69.2-106) 134 (93.6-155) 1326

01-02 21.7 (19.6-23.9) 21.6 (19.7-23.6) 35.8 (33.0-38.7) 64.9 (58.9-70.2) 91.5 (81.4-103) 1411

03-04 24.8 (22.9-26.8) 24.1 (21.6-26.8) 42.9 (39.2-48.9) 74.9 (64.2-86.6) 117 (83.6-139) 1355

05-06 22.9 (20.9-25.1) 21.5 (19.4-24.6) 37.1 (33.3-41.9) 67.2 (56.8-74.4) 99.6 (77.8-128) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00* 21.2 (19.3-23.3) 20.0 (18.2-22.9) 40.1 (32.6-44.3) 63.6 (57.5-70.1) 82.9 (73.9-100) 814

01-02 19.0 (16.2-22.2) 19.2 (16.3-21.9) 33.7 (28.3-39.6) 61.0 (43.9-84.0) 86.7 (60.6-128) 677

03-04 21.8 (17.7-26.8) 20.4 (17.4-24.0) 37.6 (29.6-50.1) 75.3 (55.6-92.0) 96.3 (76.4-164) 652

05-06 20.1 (17.8-22.8) 19.1 (16.4-23.0) 34.3 (29.2-42.6) 64.8 (54.6-75.9) 98.1 (70.2-154) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00* 23.9 (21.3-26.8) 25.0 (20.7-28.1) 42.2 (35.9-49.6) 70.0 (61.1-83.9) 96.2 (83.9-105) 603

01-02 20.8 (18.8-23.1) 20.2 (19.2-22.8) 34.5 (30.9-36.8) 62.8 (50.6-74.6) 85.6 (72.1-99.0) 703

03-04 21.4 (19.5-23.4) 22.0 (19.6-24.8) 35.4 (31.6-42.7) 65.7 (54.0-75.3) 94.0 (71.1-128) 699

05-06 19.1 (16.4-22.1) 18.5 (16.2-20.7) 30.1 (24.9-39.5) 54.6 (42.0-81.3) 84.7 (51.3-125) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00* 21.3 (19.1-23.8) 20.5 (18.6-23.2) 36.4 (31.5-41.0) 67.1 (56.7-78.4) 97.7 (73.5-142) 912

01-02 17.4 (16.2-18.6) 16.5 (15.3-17.8) 29.0 (26.6-32.2) 51.1 (46.0-60.0) 81.4 (68.1-99.0) 1216

03-04 18.6 (17.3-20.1) 17.9 (16.7-19.8) 31.6 (27.7-37.8) 53.3 (48.2-61.5) 81.5 (64.2-108) 1088

05-06 18.7 (17.5-19.9) 17.9 (16.3-19.5) 29.7 (27.5-32.0) 48.7 (42.2-55.4) 74.3 (58.3-94.5) 1038

*In the 1999-2000 survey period, concentrations of mono-isobutyl phthalate and mono-n-butyl phthalate were measured together and expressed as a combined value, referred to as monobutyl 

phthalate (MBP).
80 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-cyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP)

Metabolite of Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.10 (<LOD-1.70) 2541

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .400 (.300-.500) .500 (.400-.600) 2782

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.400) 2605

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.10) 1.70 (1.00-3.80) 328

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .400 (.300-.500) .600 (.500-.700) 393

03-04 * < LOD < LOD .300 (<LOD-.400) .500 (.300-.500) 342

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 356

12-19 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.50) 1.70 (1.00-2.50) 752

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .400 (.300-.500) .500 (.400-.600) 742

03-04 * < LOD < LOD .200 (<LOD-.300) .400 (.300-.600) 729

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 702

20 years and older 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1461

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .400 (<LOD-.500) .500 (.400-.600) 1647

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.300) 1534

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1490

Gender

Males 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.10 (<LOD-2.00) 1215

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .400 (.300-.500) .500 (.400-.600) 1371

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (.300-.400) 1250

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1270

Females 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.10 (<LOD-1.90) 1326

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .400 (<LOD-.400) .500 (.400-.500) 1411

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.500) 1355

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 814

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .400 (<LOD-.500) .500 (.300-.700) 677

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.500) 652

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.10 (.900-1.20) 603

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .400 (.300-.500) .500 (.400-.700) 703

03-04 * < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.300) .400 (.300-.500) 699

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.70) 912

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .400 (<LOD-.400) .500 (.400-.600) 1216

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .300 (.200-.400) 1088

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.9, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.3 respectively. 

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
81 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-cyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.00 (<LOD-3.33) 2541

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .610 (.530-.690) .910 (.770-1.00) 2782

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .450 (.400-.500) 2605

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.54 (<LOD-2.34) 2.82 (1.54-6.44) 328

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .690 (.510-.740) .940 (.690-1.17) 393

03-04 * < LOD < LOD .370 (<LOD-.530) .530 (.350-.830) 342

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 356

12-19 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.22 (<LOD-1.54) 1.67 (1.36-1.82) 752

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .470 (.380-.660) .770 (.530-1.18) 742

03-04 * < LOD < LOD .220 (<LOD-.270) .380 (.240-.620) 729

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 702

20 years and older 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1461

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .630 (<LOD-.690) .910 (.770-1.05) 1647

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .450 (.400-.500) 1534

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1490

Gender

Males 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.14 (<LOD-3.16) 1215

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .510 (.420-.660) .880 (.670-1.06) 1371

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .330 (.290-.500) 1250

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1270

Females 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.33 (<LOD-3.53) 1326

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .670 (<LOD-.770) .910 (.800-1.10) 1411

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .500 (.420-.590) 1355

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 814

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .590 (<LOD-.690) .950 (.790-1.11) 677

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .390 (.310-.560) 652

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.43 (1.12-1.74) 603

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .410 (.360-.490) .590 (.500-.710) 703

03-04 * < LOD < LOD .250 (.170-.310) .330 (.260-.470) 699

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.16 (<LOD-3.53) 912

01-02 * < LOD < LOD .630 (<LOD-.740) .910 (.770-1.06) 1216

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .480 (.420-.530) 1088

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1038

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
82 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP)

Metabolite of Diethyl phthalate (DEP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 179 (156-204) 164 (136-201) 454 (370-538) 1260 (1010-1480) 2840 (2150-3770) 2536

01-02 178 (159-199) 169 (141-194) 465 (415-527) 1230 (1040-1440) 2500 (1860-3220) 2782

03-04 193 (169-220) 174 (151-208) 502 (457-555) 1380 (1170-1750) 2700 (2160-3310) 2605

05-06 164 (145-186) 155 (126-183) 430 (389-490) 1140 (1070-1250) 2140 (1720-2770) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 91.3 (74.8-111) 75.4 (62.1-93.7) 197 (129-249) 378 (290-730) 756 (379-1070) 328

01-02 85.1 (71.2-102) 71.9 (61.9-92.5) 183 (142-217) 451 (315-636) 808 (572-1090) 393

03-04 95.3 (82.3-110) 81.7 (70.3-103) 196 (170-241) 521 (295-571) 827 (542-1440) 342

05-06 84.4 (69.2-103) 72.6 (58.1-93.4) 169 (112-222) 438 (263-557) 792 (494-1090) 356

12-19 years 99-00 211 (160-278) 193 (141-256) 564 (419-818) 1510 (1050-2150) 3260 (1550-4420) 752

01-02 197 (159-243) 184 (148-227) 479 (387-651) 1260 (983-1480) 2070 (1470-3050) 742

03-04 225 (187-270) 221 (165-294) 557 (432-695) 1250 (973-1560) 2310 (1360-3310) 729

05-06 190 (163-222) 173 (146-202) 477 (387-591) 1160 (963-1610) 2060 (1550-2540) 702

20 years and older 99-00 190 (164-219) 180 (140-221) 482 (390-590) 1340 (1010-1660) 3480 (2230-4640) 1456

01-02 191 (171-214) 181 (152-212) 498 (441-567) 1350 (1060-1660) 2720 (2160-3670) 1647

03-04 205 (176-238) 188 (158-219) 533 (471-629) 1590 (1220-2070) 2980 (2250-3800) 1534

05-06 173 (150-200) 168 (132-199) 453 (406-524) 1190 (1100-1360) 2250 (1730-3150) 1490

Gender

Males 99-00 179 (149-215) 154 (119-197) 523 (372-650) 1440 (1020-2280) 3500 (2130-4560) 1214

01-02 182 (157-211) 171 (139-199) 502 (419-603) 1450 (1060-2110) 3100 (2110-4390) 1371

03-04 197 (173-224) 171 (148-201) 536 (449-654) 1520 (1210-2070) 2910 (2210-3480) 1250

05-06 162 (140-188) 145 (115-182) 422 (344-516) 1150 (987-1300) 2220 (1400-2930) 1270

Females 99-00 178 (154-206) 174 (138-210) 425 (350-508) 988 (880-1230) 2230 (1370-3880) 1322

01-02 174 (153-198) 167 (139-194) 427 (387-498) 1050 (879-1310) 1860 (1490-2500) 1411

03-04 189 (160-225) 182 (138-219) 478 (392-564) 1260 (969-1640) 2590 (1800-3420) 1355

05-06 167 (141-197) 165 (132-197) 441 (382-524) 1110 (1020-1320) 1990 (1730-2870) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 181 (157-209) 174 (146-210) 441 (390-541) 1280 (851-1510) 1720 (1460-2130) 813

01-02 226 (195-262) 220 (190-264) 530 (444-660) 1490 (1050-2110) 2630 (1540-4460) 677

03-04 267 (239-298) 249 (212-307) 597 (523-688) 1640 (1320-2180) 3050 (2230-4300) 652

05-06 246 (197-307) 244 (188-282) 582 (470-706) 1570 (1030-2780) 2930 (1770-5040) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 322 (275-377) 306 (256-350) 789 (635-949) 1890 (1410-2270) 3610 (2130-4640) 603

01-02 352 (324-384) 357 (290-407) 853 (709-1090) 2160 (1620-2470) 3540 (2810-5070) 703

03-04 357 (310-412) 306 (253-414) 948 (769-1150) 2500 (1840-2980) 4370 (2780-5910) 699

05-06 332 (286-385) 302 (247-384) 792 (667-1060) 2200 (1620-2870) 3960 (2870-5450) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 152 (133-175) 134 (108-157) 367 (287-482) 986 (798-1340) 2470 (1590-3880) 908

01-02 158 (141-178) 147 (119-177) 413 (366-451) 1020 (905-1230) 2320 (1560-2720) 1216

03-04 167 (145-193) 148 (125-175) 418 (366-477) 1210 (954-1480) 2250 (1590-3290) 1088

05-06 138 (122-157) 128 (105-168) 352 (297-421) 910 (758-1080) 1730 (1150-2350) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 1.2, 0.9, 0.4, and 0.8 respectively. 
83 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Diethyl phthalate (DEP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 163 (149-178) 141 (129-157) 360 (307-422) 905 (753-1180) 1950 (1670-2310) 2536

01-02 167 (150-185) 148 (133-162) 388 (330-435) 969 (805-1180) 1840 (1450-2200) 2782

03-04 181 (163-202) 153 (137-177) 452 (386-504) 1110 (889-1290) 2040 (1640-2540) 2605

05-06 160 (144-178) 140 (123-158) 367 (319-433) 947 (800-1080) 1720 (1430-1980) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 92.6 (77.9-110) 79.6 (65.7-110) 165 (127-208) 341 (219-554) 625 (400-784) 328

01-02 96.9 (82.5-114) 81.2 (66.3-105) 177 (135-224) 512 (290-802) 843 (512-1320) 393

03-04 101 (87.0-117) 87.0 (66.5-113) 180 (145-203) 470 (310-596) 719 (470-1330) 342

05-06 92.9 (75.2-115) 75.9 (64.7-92.5) 161 (115-220) 422 (253-668) 776 (555-1830) 356

12-19 years 99-00 142 (119-169) 122 (93.0-156) 364 (275-495) 879 (676-1260) 1760 (1000-2000) 752

01-02 152 (126-184) 140 (111-180) 330 (249-409) 808 (590-1100) 1330 (868-1840) 742

03-04 168 (141-201) 150 (123-184) 363 (292-485) 791 (589-1080) 1470 (987-2220) 729

05-06 142 (122-165) 129 (105-158) 304 (264-361) 757 (589-962) 1230 (894-1680) 702

20 years and older 99-00 179 (161-199) 154 (136-177) 390 (336-452) 1010 (803-1460) 2170 (1790-3350) 1456

01-02 181 (164-200) 160 (146-182) 419 (363-486) 1060 (884-1320) 2120 (1520-2790) 1647

03-04 197 (174-223) 177 (147-202) 512 (423-632) 1230 (989-1610) 2290 (1770-3200) 1534

05-06 174 (156-194) 152 (133-177) 421 (353-468) 1060 (870-1220) 1860 (1470-2330) 1490

Gender

Males 99-00 141 (124-159) 120 (107-134) 324 (249-415) 1000 (693-1480) 1950 (1460-2900) 1214

01-02 148 (130-168) 126 (110-147) 352 (282-425) 1100 (839-1480) 2120 (1490-3030) 1371

03-04 154 (139-171) 127 (108-150) 390 (341-465) 1070 (852-1360) 2000 (1610-2410) 1250

05-06 130 (114-148) 111 (92.5-137) 309 (260-350) 764 (558-1020) 1360 (919-1890) 1270

Females 99-00 187 (165-211) 158 (142-179) 377 (307-495) 822 (697-1170) 1930 (1170-3410) 1322

01-02 187 (166-210) 171 (148-188) 407 (355-473) 860 (712-1100) 1430 (1190-2010) 1411

03-04 211 (180-248) 181 (148-217) 508 (379-634) 1120 (889-1400) 2250 (1440-3330) 1355

05-06 196 (175-219) 160 (148-183) 445 (375-504) 1150 (954-1390) 2080 (1740-2620) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 164 (142-190) 154 (136-174) 382 (314-472) 814 (673-974) 1330 (974-1920) 813

01-02 213 (182-249) 199 (164-242) 461 (396-572) 1080 (860-1650) 1940 (1410-2630) 677

03-04 241 (213-271) 233 (202-270) 533 (417-665) 1230 (956-1610) 2270 (1810-3140) 652

05-06 222 (187-263) 189 (163-238) 490 (355-644) 1160 (909-1540) 2130 (1400-3800) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 208 (183-236) 196 (166-228) 443 (390-505) 1030 (762-1700) 1920 (1230-2590) 603

01-02 247 (226-271) 227 (185-270) 557 (478-618) 1240 (961-1480) 2090 (1550-2800) 703

03-04 254 (225-287) 212 (188-246) 619 (476-791) 1530 (1200-1970) 2590 (2160-3500) 699

05-06 233 (199-273) 202 (171-243) 546 (471-624) 1390 (894-1950) 2580 (1620-3070) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 149 (135-165) 128 (111-142) 313 (239-387) 856 (655-1390) 1950 (1480-2740) 908

01-02 157 (142-173) 136 (124-150) 338 (288-402) 919 (712-1160) 1590 (1320-2170) 1216

03-04 165 (144-189) 135 (120-158) 386 (338-485) 989 (831-1330) 1920 (1400-2780) 1088

05-06 146 (131-162) 128 (108-148) 319 (287-367) 807 (682-1040) 1500 (1250-1880) 1038
84 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP)

Metabolite of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 3.43 (3.19-3.69) 3.20 (3.00-3.60) 7.60 (6.80-8.40) 14.9 (13.5-17.4) 23.8 (19.2-28.6) 2541

01-02 4.27 (3.80-4.79) 4.20 (3.70-4.90) 9.80 (8.40-11.6) 23.0 (19.1-27.9) 39.2 (31.8-50.0) 2782

03-04 2.34 (2.10-2.62) 1.90 (1.70-2.40) 5.30 (4.50-6.60) 15.1 (11.4-20.6) 31.0 (21.4-42.0) 2605

05-06 3.04 (2.78-3.32) 2.50 (2.10-2.80) 6.30 (5.70-7.10) 17.7 (14.0-22.5) 39.7 (28.6-52.1) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 5.12 (4.42-5.92) 4.90 (3.70-6.40) 11.1 (8.30-13.6) 19.0 (13.8-36.1) 35.3 (15.6-130) 328

01-02 4.41 (3.90-5.00) 4.40 (4.10-5.30) 9.30 (7.90-11.7) 19.7 (14.6-25.9) 31.4 (21.8-47.9) 393

03-04 2.84 (2.10-3.84) 2.70 (1.80-4.10) 6.40 (4.40-9.60) 13.9 (7.80-27.6) 27.6 (11.3-64.7) 342

05-06 3.10 (2.78-3.47) 3.00 (2.60-3.30) 6.20 (5.10-7.10) 14.1 (9.40-19.3) 19.7 (14.7-36.6) 356

12-19 years 99-00 3.75 (3.24-4.35) 3.70 (2.90-4.60) 8.10 (6.40-9.40) 15.3 (11.4-20.5) 22.8 (19.1-29.2) 752

01-02 4.57 (3.96-5.27) 4.50 (3.70-5.10) 11.0 (9.50-14.4) 23.0 (17.7-32.7) 42.5 (25.9-57.5) 742

03-04 2.77 (2.25-3.41) 2.50 (2.00-3.00) 6.40 (4.50-8.60) 18.6 (10.2-35.6) 40.6 (20.7-58.4) 729

05-06 3.72 (3.04-4.56) 3.20 (2.40-4.10) 8.80 (6.20-13.3) 22.6 (13.8-43.4) 48.7 (23.1-62.9) 702

20 years and older 99-00 3.21 (2.94-3.51) 3.00 (2.70-3.40) 7.30 (6.40-8.00) 14.5 (12.1-17.0) 22.7 (17.5-27.0) 1461

01-02 4.20 (3.63-4.86) 4.10 (3.50-5.00) 9.50 (8.10-11.9) 23.5 (18.0-29.8) 39.5 (30.3-57.1) 1647

03-04 2.23 (2.03-2.44) 1.70 (1.50-2.00) 5.10 (4.50-6.00) 15.1 (10.9-19.7) 29.5 (20.4-40.0) 1534

05-06 2.94 (2.68-3.21) 2.30 (1.90-2.70) 6.20 (5.60-6.70) 17.7 (13.6-24.5) 41.5 (28.6-54.1) 1490

Gender

Males 99-00 3.68 (3.31-4.10) 3.40 (2.90-3.90) 8.00 (7.40-8.80) 16.0 (14.0-19.0) 25.3 (19.5-36.7) 1215

01-02 4.31 (3.84-4.83) 4.30 (3.70-5.10) 9.70 (8.30-11.2) 23.0 (16.9-29.8) 37.9 (29.9-48.4) 1371

03-04 2.56 (2.26-2.90) 2.20 (1.70-2.60) 6.00 (4.60-7.70) 17.2 (11.3-26.3) 33.3 (24.9-55.5) 1250

05-06 3.40 (3.01-3.85) 2.80 (2.40-3.30) 7.00 (5.70-9.00) 22.6 (15.0-35.8) 49.8 (35.2-67.4) 1270

Females 99-00 3.21 (2.91-3.54) 3.10 (2.80-3.50) 7.10 (5.90-8.50) 13.6 (12.1-17.2) 21.9 (15.6-28.5) 1326

01-02 4.23 (3.67-4.86) 4.10 (3.50-5.00) 9.80 (8.40-12.2) 23.0 (19.5-28.4) 43.5 (31.4-53.7) 1411

03-04 2.15 (1.92-2.42) 1.80 (1.50-2.10) 4.90 (4.10-5.70) 13.2 (10.0-18.1) 27.8 (17.5-40.7) 1355

05-06 2.72 (2.49-2.98) 2.10 (1.90-2.40) 6.00 (5.20-6.80) 13.9 (11.7-17.5) 30.8 (21.9-36.2) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 3.49 (3.16-3.85) 3.50 (3.10-3.90) 7.00 (5.70-8.60) 13.3 (10.7-18.7) 23.9 (17.4-27.3) 814

01-02 4.32 (3.75-4.98) 4.70 (3.80-5.70) 10.1 (8.50-11.4) 19.6 (16.6-23.0) 28.5 (24.2-39.9) 677

03-04 2.35 (1.87-2.96) 2.20 (1.50-3.00) 5.10 (4.30-6.60) 11.2 (7.50-16.5) 18.5 (11.6-38.2) 652

05-06 2.99 (2.50-3.57) 2.30 (1.70-3.30) 5.70 (4.70-7.60) 18.4 (12.1-30.6) 36.4 (26.2-63.8) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 4.82 (3.92-5.93) 5.20 (4.10-5.80) 9.50 (7.60-11.4) 19.5 (12.9-26.5) 29.5 (18.6-60.3) 603

01-02 6.60 (5.57-7.82) 6.70 (5.40-8.10) 15.4 (13.0-18.7) 32.9 (26.5-41.4) 52.6 (41.0-84.0) 703

03-04 3.61 (3.07-4.23) 3.50 (3.00-4.00) 8.50 (7.10-11.4) 22.9 (16.5-28.6) 35.2 (29.3-49.1) 699

05-06 4.09 (3.51-4.75) 3.70 (3.10-4.10) 9.10 (6.90-11.9) 22.5 (17.4-40.7) 59.3 (34.5-86.7) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 3.16 (2.89-3.46) 2.80 (2.50-3.10) 7.40 (6.30-8.40) 14.5 (12.2-17.4) 22.4 (16.9-28.5) 912

01-02 3.85 (3.37-4.40) 3.70 (3.10-4.40) 8.70 (7.80-9.90) 20.9 (17.3-25.9) 37.9 (29.9-49.5) 1216

03-04 2.14 (1.92-2.39) 1.70 (1.40-1.90) 4.80 (4.00-5.80) 13.6 (9.50-20.0) 31.0 (18.1-48.9) 1088

05-06 2.83 (2.59-3.10) 2.20 (1.80-2.60) 5.90 (5.30-6.90) 17.0 (13.3-21.6) 36.3 (26.6-51.0) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 1.2, 1.0, 0.9, and 1.2 respectively. 
85 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 3.12 (2.95-3.31) 3.08 (2.82-3.27) 5.88 (5.38-6.25) 10.8 (9.62-12.5) 18.9 (15.0-21.8) 2541

01-02 4.00 (3.58-4.48) 3.90 (3.44-4.47) 7.94 (7.22-9.02) 18.0 (15.3-21.5) 32.8 (25.2-42.9) 2782

03-04 2.20 (2.01-2.41) 1.89 (1.68-2.19) 4.31 (3.84-4.74) 10.8 (8.72-13.8) 25.4 (16.7-34.7) 2605

05-06 2.96 (2.72-3.23) 2.61 (2.37-2.86) 5.69 (5.00-6.47) 13.7 (11.4-17.8) 30.1 (21.2-35.2) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 5.19 (4.55-5.93) 5.37 (4.52-5.95) 9.11 (8.06-11.4) 21.6 (11.5-41.9) 41.9 (13.5-86.2) 328

01-02 5.03 (4.47-5.65) 5.38 (4.51-6.21) 9.90 (7.87-11.5) 21.1 (13.8-28.8) 31.4 (24.3-40.7) 393

03-04 3.00 (2.30-3.93) 2.80 (1.93-4.09) 5.86 (4.69-7.70) 14.3 (8.54-24.4) 28.7 (14.1-45.3) 342

05-06 3.42 (3.08-3.79) 3.26 (2.63-3.92) 6.18 (5.40-6.85) 11.3 (8.96-17.4) 20.7 (11.3-31.8) 356

12-19 years 99-00 2.53 (2.14-2.99) 2.35 (2.05-2.76) 5.83 (4.38-6.29) 9.66 (7.41-11.5) 12.1 (10.5-17.3) 752

01-02 3.53 (3.09-4.03) 3.67 (2.89-4.48) 7.47 (6.51-8.67) 15.2 (11.7-21.9) 25.2 (17.7-32.8) 742

03-04 2.07 (1.74-2.48) 1.88 (1.60-2.23) 4.25 (3.19-5.62) 11.6 (6.83-23.2) 24.8 (11.6-37.9) 729

05-06 2.77 (2.27-3.38) 2.43 (2.03-2.87) 5.24 (4.06-7.75) 15.2 (9.86-23.2) 27.1 (16.0-43.7) 702

20 years and older 99-00 3.03 (2.83-3.25) 2.98 (2.73-3.23) 5.55 (4.90-6.06) 10.0 (8.60-12.9) 17.5 (13.8-22.1) 1461

01-02 3.97 (3.49-4.52) 3.82 (3.26-4.38) 7.79 (7.00-9.00) 18.3 (15.3-21.8) 34.5 (23.1-47.9) 1647

03-04 2.14 (1.98-2.31) 1.84 (1.63-2.08) 4.14 (3.78-4.40) 10.5 (8.38-12.9) 25.6 (15.9-36.3) 1534

05-06 2.94 (2.69-3.23) 2.60 (2.36-2.83) 5.67 (4.77-6.52) 13.8 (11.3-18.1) 33.1 (21.9-47.4) 1490

Gender

Males 99-00 2.89 (2.60-3.22) 2.76 (2.52-2.96) 5.58 (4.71-6.08) 10.3 (9.35-12.4) 21.6 (14.1-27.7) 1215

01-02 3.50 (3.08-3.99) 3.33 (2.83-3.90) 7.00 (6.49-7.77) 16.2 (12.8-20.9) 31.6 (20.5-49.4) 1371

03-04 2.01 (1.82-2.21) 1.71 (1.46-1.89) 4.14 (3.49-4.81) 10.4 (7.68-16.2) 23.3 (15.1-41.1) 1250

05-06 2.73 (2.43-3.07) 2.30 (2.12-2.61) 5.08 (4.29-6.14) 14.3 (11.2-20.5) 31.0 (21.5-50.9) 1270

Females 99-00 3.36 (3.11-3.63) 3.33 (2.91-3.80) 6.15 (5.55-6.77) 11.1 (9.11-14.0) 17.3 (12.4-24.6) 1326

01-02 4.54 (4.02-5.13) 4.47 (3.85-5.14) 9.28 (7.94-10.3) 20.3 (16.6-24.4) 34.7 (27.1-42.0) 1411

03-04 2.40 (2.15-2.69) 2.16 (1.84-2.40) 4.40 (3.97-4.89) 10.9 (8.27-16.0) 27.0 (17.5-34.6) 1355

05-06 3.20 (2.89-3.55) 2.89 (2.58-3.17) 6.07 (5.00-7.00) 13.3 (10.4-16.3) 28.2 (18.2-37.4) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 3.16 (2.72-3.68) 3.15 (2.52-3.81) 5.88 (4.86-7.24) 11.6 (9.63-13.1) 15.7 (12.6-23.1) 814

01-02 4.07 (3.60-4.61) 4.18 (3.82-4.90) 7.80 (6.64-9.49) 16.4 (13.6-18.9) 24.9 (19.8-28.7) 677

03-04 2.12 (1.74-2.59) 1.94 (1.50-2.42) 4.06 (3.29-4.93) 9.38 (5.72-15.4) 16.8 (9.86-38.6) 652

05-06 2.69 (2.36-3.07) 2.41 (2.04-2.73) 4.82 (4.09-6.05) 14.3 (10.0-16.9) 27.2 (16.3-40.1) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 3.11 (2.59-3.73) 3.13 (2.50-3.61) 5.84 (4.43-7.32) 10.2 (8.05-15.6) 18.4 (11.6-35.2) 603

01-02 4.63 (3.96-5.42) 4.59 (3.97-5.02) 9.93 (7.95-12.4) 21.2 (16.0-33.2) 39.9 (27.7-48.1) 703

03-04 2.56 (2.24-2.92) 2.28 (2.02-2.78) 5.17 (4.48-6.83) 13.2 (10.5-16.2) 27.5 (18.4-36.0) 699

05-06 2.87 (2.45-3.38) 2.41 (2.09-2.78) 5.72 (4.40-7.29) 15.0 (12.0-20.6) 54.4 (18.4-84.0) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 3.09 (2.84-3.36) 3.08 (2.73-3.47) 5.87 (5.11-6.67) 10.6 (8.95-13.5) 20.0 (14.0-24.6) 912

01-02 3.81 (3.34-4.35) 3.67 (3.11-4.33) 7.78 (6.74-9.35) 17.0 (14.1-21.8) 32.8 (21.5-46.9) 1216

03-04 2.12 (1.91-2.35) 1.82 (1.60-2.13) 4.11 (3.49-4.42) 10.7 (7.42-15.1) 27.0 (15.1-37.4) 1088

05-06 2.98 (2.77-3.21) 2.66 (2.43-2.93) 5.73 (5.00-6.47) 13.4 (11.3-17.8) 27.7 (19.5-37.4) 1038
86 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP)

Metabolite of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 01-02 20.0 (17.8-22.5) 20.1 (17.8-22.4) 43.6 (38.0-49.7) 92.3 (77.0-108) 192 (131-256) 2782

03-04 21.7 (19.3-24.4) 21.2 (18.7-24.1) 49.1 (40.5-56.9) 121 (91.3-164) 266 (165-383) 2605

05-06 25.5 (23.0-28.2) 23.8 (21.5-26.8) 55.1 (50.2-61.0) 153 (132-180) 306 (240-421) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 01-02 33.6 (29.7-37.9) 32.9 (26.9-39.1) 66.9 (49.7-74.0) 127 (103-148) 216 (137-280) 393

03-04 36.9 (28.4-47.9) 36.5 (26.5-47.0) 77.4 (49.1-103) 164 (79.9-350) 318 (164-400) 342

05-06 34.9 (30.8-39.6) 35.7 (31.3-40.7) 68.9 (56.5-76.0) 140 (101-169) 206 (133-401) 356

12-19 years 01-02 24.9 (21.3-29.1) 25.3 (22.9-31.3) 50.6 (40.7-64.5) 107 (78.5-148) 216 (117-330) 742

03-04 28.3 (23.0-34.8) 29.8 (25.9-33.9) 56.9 (45.4-73.7) 157 (84.1-299) 317 (176-553) 729

05-06 34.8 (28.0-43.3) 32.5 (27.1-42.2) 79.5 (66.9-103) 213 (131-384) 424 (232-836) 702

20 years and older 01-02 18.1 (15.7-20.9) 17.8 (14.7-20.7) 39.8 (32.7-48.0) 86.2 (65.7-107) 175 (110-279) 1647

03-04 19.5 (17.7-21.5) 18.4 (16.6-21.0) 41.9 (36.9-51.2) 107 (88.2-136) 225 (148-384) 1534

05-06 23.4 (21.1-25.9) 21.4 (19.5-23.7) 48.6 (43.7-55.1) 148 (121-172) 306 (238-421) 1490

Gender

Males 01-02 22.0 (19.5-24.7) 21.2 (19.4-24.2) 48.0 (41.4-54.4) 94.2 (80.8-110) 212 (130-256) 1371

03-04 24.1 (20.9-27.9) 22.9 (19.2-27.9) 51.0 (40.5-59.8) 133 (94.8-220) 317 (162-470) 1250

05-06 29.6 (26.0-33.8) 27.2 (22.9-31.0) 63.1 (54.3-71.9) 180 (143-263) 494 (285-626) 1270

Females 01-02 18.3 (15.7-21.4) 18.2 (14.9-22.1) 39.8 (34.3-46.0) 86.0 (69.4-115) 170 (119-273) 1411

03-04 19.7 (17.4-22.2) 19.4 (16.7-22.8) 46.4 (37.5-54.4) 103 (84.1-148) 214 (140-318) 1355

05-06 22.0 (19.2-25.2) 21.4 (19.5-23.4) 47.1 (42.6-54.3) 135 (113-156) 232 (186-300) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 01-02 18.5 (16.2-21.1) 19.1 (16.3-21.6) 36.3 (31.6-44.0) 79.9 (66.4-93.9) 123 (100-161) 677

03-04 18.9 (15.4-23.4) 19.8 (17.6-22.3) 37.5 (30.0-45.6) 72.2 (52.4-115) 116 (71.6-327) 652

05-06 23.0 (18.0-29.3) 19.9 (15.7-23.9) 47.8 (34.8-65.3) 136 (84.6-223) 244 (157-520) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 01-02 29.8 (26.1-34.1) 30.9 (27.2-34.3) 61.9 (52.6-69.4) 126 (108-157) 276 (157-339) 703

03-04 30.8 (26.8-35.5) 29.1 (25.3-32.3) 65.6 (53.7-76.3) 154 (113-178) 275 (174-401) 699

05-06 34.8 (30.3-39.9) 30.2 (27.6-33.2) 73.8 (61.0-96.7) 206 (156-275) 395 (274-547) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 01-02 19.1 (16.7-21.9) 19.2 (16.9-21.4) 41.7 (35.3-50.7) 91.1 (75.6-110) 212 (130-275) 1216

03-04 20.8 (18.6-23.3) 19.7 (17.2-22.5) 47.5 (39.4-56.1) 120 (91.3-165) 270 (155-403) 1088

05-06 24.3 (21.9-26.9) 23.0 (21.1-26.0) 54.6 (48.4-61.0) 148 (121-172) 302 (221-421) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 1.0, 0.3, and 0.7.
87 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 01-02 18.8 (17.0-20.7) 16.6 (14.9-18.5) 32.2 (27.8-37.1) 71.1 (58.7-88.3) 143 (101-200) 2782

03-04 20.4 (18.7-22.3) 17.7 (16.3-19.6) 35.8 (30.5-43.3) 93.5 (74.0-128) 182 (134-262) 2605

05-06 24.8 (22.4-27.5) 21.4 (19.1-23.4) 46.1 (40.0-52.1) 117 (97.8-148) 235 (197-272) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 01-02 38.2 (34.3-42.6) 34.3 (29.9-38.9) 60.6 (51.9-76.4) 107 (96.3-147) 211 (122-313) 393

03-04 39.0 (31.1-48.9) 36.6 (25.3-49.3) 65.6 (49.8-91.3) 129 (77.1-253) 211 (123-708) 342

05-06 38.5 (34.2-43.3) 37.0 (32.9-40.3) 65.5 (55.4-71.9) 115 (85.1-165) 213 (119-333) 356

12-19 years 01-02 19.2 (17.0-21.8) 17.8 (15.6-20.0) 34.9 (29.2-42.7) 73.4 (58.4-80.7) 102 (86.6-160) 742

03-04 21.2 (18.1-24.7) 18.6 (16.9-21.7) 38.7 (29.7-53.4) 103 (62.7-209) 212 (100-358) 729

05-06 26.0 (21.2-31.7) 23.7 (18.8-28.4) 49.4 (37.4-74.0) 131 (79.0-228) 278 (132-375) 702

20 years and older 01-02 17.1 (15.2-19.3) 15.0 (13.3-16.7) 27.7 (23.2-34.0) 63.7 (48.3-86.9) 137 (84.4-203) 1647

03-04 18.8 (17.5-20.2) 16.3 (15.4-17.5) 31.6 (28.1-35.3) 83.8 (67.2-106) 171 (129-246) 1534

05-06 23.4 (21.1-26.0) 19.4 (17.6-21.8) 42.5 (37.6-49.2) 115 (93.1-153) 235 (184-298) 1490

Gender

Males 01-02 17.9 (16.2-19.7) 15.4 (13.8-17.9) 32.2 (27.8-36.8) 73.4 (55.3-91.8) 137 (97.7-224) 1371

03-04 18.9 (17.1-20.9) 17.1 (15.2-18.6) 32.7 (26.6-41.6) 93.4 (68.8-123) 193 (108-291) 1250

05-06 23.8 (21.0-26.9) 20.2 (17.5-23.3) 44.8 (38.5-54.1) 129 (92.5-166) 251 (202-352) 1270

Females 01-02 19.7 (17.3-22.4) 17.6 (15.4-19.5) 32.1 (26.8-38.6) 70.5 (57.8-93.7) 156 (93.7-201) 1411

03-04 21.9 (19.7-24.5) 18.7 (16.8-20.9) 39.3 (33.8-46.9) 94.3 (72.8-136) 171 (146-261) 1355

05-06 25.9 (23.2-28.8) 22.5 (19.6-25.5) 47.3 (40.5-52.3) 108 (88.8-131) 202 (157-278) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 01-02 17.4 (15.9-19.1) 15.7 (14.4-17.5) 30.6 (26.0-34.7) 65.9 (50.6-83.9) 103 (75.5-128) 677

03-04 17.1 (14.3-20.4) 15.4 (13.2-17.7) 29.3 (23.8-36.8) 57.3 (45.7-97.6) 105 (70.1-195) 652

05-06 20.7 (17.2-25.0) 17.5 (15.3-21.3) 37.3 (30.9-45.7) 99.9 (67.6-159) 181 (110-357) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 01-02 20.9 (18.8-23.3) 19.7 (17.5-21.8) 38.3 (32.1-46.0) 93.5 (69.2-123) 164 (130-183) 703

03-04 21.9 (20.1-23.8) 19.5 (17.3-22.6) 40.1 (35.8-45.3) 102 (75.5-122) 164 (133-269) 699

05-06 24.5 (21.2-28.2) 18.9 (17.1-22.8) 46.1 (37.9-59.7) 128 (100-158) 308 (158-399) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 01-02 18.9 (17.0-21.0) 16.3 (14.8-18.4) 32.1 (27.3-37.3) 70.8 (56.9-93.7) 177 (98.0-242) 1216

03-04 20.5 (18.5-22.8) 17.8 (16.2-19.7) 35.3 (29.7-44.9) 96.2 (75.8-136) 211 (136-283) 1088

05-06 25.6 (23.1-28.2) 22.4 (19.6-24.5) 47.6 (40.7-54.1) 119 (98.2-148) 231 (181-297) 1038
88 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)

Metabolite of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 01-02 13.5 (12.0-15.0) 14.0 (12.5-15.1) 29.6 (25.2-34.0) 59.9 (50.4-70.9) 120 (87.2-156) 2782

03-04 14.5 (13.0-16.1) 14.4 (12.4-16.7) 31.4 (27.4-36.6) 76.7 (59.4-102) 157 (106-232) 2605

05-06 16.2 (14.6-18.0) 15.1 (13.5-17.1) 35.5 (32.1-40.3) 94.8 (78.5-112) 183 (147-250) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 01-02 23.3 (20.9-26.1) 22.9 (18.5-28.1) 46.5 (38.1-52.0) 81.6 (64.7-109) 142 (93.9-178) 393

03-04 25.1 (19.6-32.3) 25.8 (19.3-31.4) 51.1 (32.1-76.5) 97.9 (58.8-197) 197 (97.6-261) 342

05-06 23.0 (20.3-26.1) 24.5 (19.9-27.6) 44.3 (38.1-52.3) 83.8 (63.6-115) 126 (77.3-253) 356

12-19 years 01-02 17.5 (15.1-20.3) 18.6 (16.2-20.7) 35.0 (27.7-42.1) 70.7 (52.2-104) 118 (74.0-174) 742

03-04 19.5 (16.0-23.7) 20.3 (18.4-23.5) 37.8 (32.6-44.6) 110 (54.6-168) 212 (103-326) 729

05-06 23.0 (18.7-28.4) 22.1 (18.0-26.2) 50.7 (42.7-62.2) 134 (82.3-240) 263 (134-511) 702

20 years and older 01-02 12.0 (10.5-13.9) 12.3 (10.4-14.1) 26.0 (21.6-32.1) 52.3 (41.8-68.3) 116 (74.9-160) 1647

03-04 12.9 (11.8-14.1) 12.4 (10.9-14.5) 27.0 (25.0-30.9) 68.9 (55.0-86.5) 139 (92.7-216) 1534

05-06 14.7 (13.2-16.4) 13.4 (12.2-15.1) 31.9 (28.2-36.2) 91.6 (74.6-104) 182 (138-247) 1490

Gender

Males 01-02 14.5 (13.0-16.2) 14.6 (13.1-16.2) 31.6 (25.6-34.7) 60.4 (52.3-71.4) 129 (84.4-167) 1371

03-04 15.6 (13.6-17.9) 14.7 (12.7-18.1) 31.8 (27.2-39.5) 83.8 (59.4-134) 185 (96.2-277) 1250

05-06 18.3 (16.0-20.9) 16.3 (14.7-19.7) 39.3 (33.4-48.1) 104 (80.7-140) 258 (180-337) 1270

Females 01-02 12.5 (10.8-14.6) 13.1 (11.2-15.0) 28.1 (23.7-33.5) 57.5 (45.8-72.7) 115 (81.8-147) 1411

03-04 13.4 (11.9-15.1) 13.7 (11.4-16.4) 29.5 (26.1-36.6) 68.6 (53.7-88.1) 143 (88.2-210) 1355

05-06 14.4 (12.6-16.5) 13.8 (12.5-15.7) 32.5 (29.3-36.4) 81.7 (68.6-104) 159 (114-182) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 01-02 13.1 (11.6-14.9) 13.4 (11.6-15.0) 25.5 (21.6-30.8) 56.6 (40.6-70.3) 77.3 (70.5-101) 677

03-04 12.8 (10.5-15.5) 13.6 (11.4-15.6) 25.3 (20.4-29.9) 46.6 (32.3-70.8) 76.0 (51.6-153) 652

05-06 14.8 (11.7-18.8) 12.8 (10.5-16.1) 30.9 (22.6-42.9) 79.1 (51.7-131) 152 (92.9-276) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 01-02 19.6 (17.1-22.5) 20.1 (17.9-22.4) 39.0 (34.8-44.2) 80.5 (71.4-97.4) 153 (102-228) 703

03-04 20.2 (17.7-23.0) 20.1 (17.0-22.5) 40.0 (33.9-46.9) 92.6 (68.8-130) 173 (104-247) 699

05-06 21.8 (18.9-25.2) 18.8 (16.8-21.0) 46.0 (38.0-59.1) 130 (104-168) 243 (159-304) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 01-02 12.8 (11.2-14.6) 13.2 (11.6-14.6) 28.5 (23.6-34.0) 58.6 (48.8-70.9) 126 (83.7-172) 1216

03-04 13.8 (12.4-15.4) 13.4 (11.3-16.3) 31.0 (27.0-36.3) 77.6 (59.4-102) 161 (98.7-241) 1088

05-06 15.5 (13.9-17.3) 15.0 (13.3-16.5) 35.3 (30.1-40.8) 92.6 (74.6-111) 182 (134-247) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 1.1, 0.5, and 0.7.
89 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 01-02 12.6 (11.5-13.9) 11.2 (10.2-12.3) 21.3 (18.3-23.8) 45.2 (37.1-58.1) 87.0 (68.0-124) 2782

03-04 13.6 (12.4-14.8) 12.1 (11.0-12.9) 24.3 (20.9-27.8) 63.0 (47.8-75.8) 118 (94.1-153) 2605

05-06 15.8 (14.2-17.5) 13.5 (12.4-14.7) 28.9 (26.0-33.8) 77.7 (62.4-91.1) 144 (118-172) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 01-02 26.6 (24.0-29.4) 22.8 (20.3-25.0) 43.3 (33.6-47.1) 74.7 (69.0-91.9) 131 (83.0-183) 393

03-04 26.6 (21.4-33.0) 25.3 (17.8-32.4) 43.6 (34.2-63.2) 77.1 (63.0-118) 121 (76.3-435) 342

05-06 25.4 (22.5-28.6) 24.4 (21.4-26.4) 42.7 (36.0-46.9) 70.4 (52.8-117) 136 (77.2-195) 356

12-19 years 01-02 13.5 (12.0-15.2) 12.0 (10.8-14.3) 23.4 (20.0-28.5) 48.4 (39.2-54.9) 70.5 (55.0-97.2) 742

03-04 14.6 (12.6-16.9) 12.7 (11.6-14.4) 25.5 (20.7-33.8) 67.9 (42.3-143) 153 (61.8-209) 729

05-06 17.2 (14.1-20.9) 15.3 (12.5-18.6) 32.5 (25.7-41.3) 84.2 (49.1-147) 163 (93.1-250) 702

20 years and older 01-02 11.4 (10.2-12.8) 10.1 (8.89-11.4) 17.5 (15.2-21.8) 38.4 (30.5-52.5) 84.3 (53.3-128) 1647

03-04 12.4 (11.5-13.3) 11.0 (10.0-12.0) 20.9 (18.6-22.8) 53.9 (40.7-70.2) 109 (88.6-130) 1534

05-06 14.8 (13.3-16.4) 12.4 (11.2-13.5) 26.7 (23.8-31.3) 76.3 (61.0-89.9) 144 (106-170) 1490

Gender

Males 01-02 11.8 (10.7-13.0) 10.2 (8.93-11.7) 21.2 (18.5-23.3) 46.1 (35.3-58.7) 84.2 (69.6-104) 1371

03-04 12.3 (11.1-13.5) 11.1 (10.0-12.0) 21.6 (17.6-26.9) 59.1 (45.4-72.0) 120 (72.0-162) 1250

05-06 14.7 (12.9-16.7) 12.6 (10.9-14.3) 27.1 (23.3-35.6) 79.5 (59.6-96.9) 147 (120-190) 1270

Females 01-02 13.5 (11.9-15.2) 12.0 (10.8-13.7) 21.5 (18.0-25.6) 44.8 (36.8-61.6) 92.3 (61.0-139) 1411

03-04 14.9 (13.4-16.7) 12.7 (11.4-14.2) 26.6 (21.8-30.6) 65.6 (48.0-90.1) 118 (97.0-157) 1355

05-06 16.9 (15.1-19.0) 14.7 (13.2-16.5) 30.3 (26.6-34.7) 76.4 (57.6-97.2) 137 (106-170) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 01-02 12.4 (11.4-13.5) 11.0 (10.5-12.3) 20.9 (18.5-24.4) 44.6 (33.4-56.2) 65.9 (53.1-83.1) 677

03-04 11.5 (9.81-13.6) 10.7 (9.04-12.3) 18.8 (15.6-24.6) 39.1 (31.8-53.9) 63.0 (47.2-121) 652

05-06 13.3 (11.1-16.1) 11.4 (9.58-13.6) 24.0 (19.4-30.4) 61.2 (45.6-85.9) 102 (69.9-200) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 01-02 13.8 (12.3-15.4) 13.1 (12.0-14.2) 23.9 (20.0-29.3) 58.3 (45.3-79.7) 101 (81.3-124) 703

03-04 14.3 (13.1-15.6) 13.3 (11.3-15.5) 24.8 (21.7-27.7) 61.2 (46.8-76.6) 105 (79.7-152) 699

05-06 15.3 (13.2-17.8) 11.6 (9.87-14.6) 29.1 (24.7-38.5) 77.1 (61.9-113) 172 (99.8-251) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 01-02 12.7 (11.4-14.0) 11.1 (9.90-12.3) 20.8 (18.0-23.9) 45.7 (35.9-64.9) 96.0 (68.5-161) 1216

03-04 13.7 (12.2-15.3) 12.0 (10.5-12.9) 24.9 (20.7-28.6) 69.5 (51.4-95.3) 124 (90.3-182) 1088

05-06 16.3 (14.8-18.0) 14.0 (12.9-15.7) 30.8 (27.3-34.8) 79.3 (66.0-93.8) 139 (117-163) 1038
90 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP)

Metabolite of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 34.7 (31.0-38.9) 33.0 (29.1-37.4) 71.8 (61.7-84.8) 168 (133-240) 339 (235-506) 2605

05-06 38.6 (34.7-42.9) 35.6 (31.1-40.3) 79.7 (70.9-92.9) 211 (180-246) 386 (311-484) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 58.2 (44.7-75.6) 51.6 (39.2-67.6) 112 (71.4-182) 314 (124-524) 391 (238-781) 342

05-06 57.4 (50.2-65.7) 53.5 (42.7-67.2) 94.7 (83.2-108) 200 (154-247) 297 (196-548) 356

12-19 years 03-04 44.6 (36.8-54.0) 42.7 (38.4-47.6) 86.5 (67.3-108) 220 (120-397) 448 (235-808) 729

05-06 52.9 (43.0-65.2) 46.7 (39.4-61.6) 114 (85.6-173) 314 (195-515) 560 (324-1180) 702

20 years and older 03-04 31.3 (28.6-34.4) 29.2 (26.2-33.0) 63.5 (56.5-73.9) 157 (130-187) 312 (199-457) 1534

05-06 35.1 (31.5-39.0) 31.3 (28.1-35.7) 72.7 (65.4-82.4) 193 (163-237) 377 (285-460) 1490

Gender

Males 03-04 37.9 (33.1-43.5) 34.7 (30.0-39.5) 73.7 (60.8-91.9) 187 (133-300) 388 (222-660) 1250

05-06 43.6 (38.1-49.8) 39.7 (31.9-46.2) 87.0 (76.8-103) 260 (188-308) 460 (347-670) 1270

Females 03-04 31.9 (28.1-36.2) 31.3 (27.5-35.8) 69.3 (58.9-81.9) 154 (128-199) 312 (182-441) 1355

05-06 34.3 (30.4-38.6) 31.7 (28.0-36.6) 71.0 (63.0-85.3) 192 (156-217) 309 (251-386) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 31.9 (27.1-37.6) 31.5 (26.8-37.4) 57.4 (45.9-71.8) 116 (86.0-162) 175 (133-355) 652

05-06 39.4 (30.3-51.2) 34.2 (24.1-47.1) 74.6 (54.0-111) 220 (124-338) 394 (222-673) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 42.6 (37.0-49.2) 38.3 (33.8-46.9) 82.5 (68.7-103) 191 (146-246) 339 (244-468) 699

05-06 46.6 (41.3-52.5) 40.3 (35.6-46.1) 96.3 (76.6-132) 256 (208-347) 455 (328-528) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 33.8 (30.1-37.9) 32.1 (27.6-37.5) 72.4 (62.0-87.7) 167 (133-240) 354 (220-560) 1088

05-06 37.0 (33.4-41.0) 35.4 (30.4-40.9) 79.7 (70.0-93.3) 203 (174-237) 380 (284-484) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 03-04 and 05-06 are 0.3 and 0.6.
91 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 03-04 32.6 (29.6-36.0) 27.0 (24.3-30.6) 54.6 (48.0-63.5) 139 (109-186) 251 (192-356) 2605

05-06 37.6 (33.7-42.0) 32.2 (29.5-37.0) 67.5 (58.2-80.8) 168 (139-209) 290 (261-328) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 03-04 61.5 (49.0-77.2) 52.2 (41.6-73.8) 104 (74.2-140) 210 (111-500) 372 (192-988) 342

05-06 63.2 (55.6-71.9) 54.2 (48.1-63.6) 92.8 (82.6-111) 160 (124-247) 312 (172-480) 356

12-19 years 03-04 33.4 (28.7-38.7) 27.1 (23.9-32.0) 55.0 (43.8-83.8) 168 (92.5-289) 294 (159-387) 729

05-06 39.5 (32.5-47.8) 33.9 (27.9-41.0) 72.7 (56.9-96.7) 197 (106-327) 385 (216-531) 702

20 years and older 03-04 30.1 (27.7-32.7) 25.1 (22.9-27.6) 49.1 (44.1-55.2) 126 (101-154) 237 (191-315) 1534

05-06 35.2 (31.2-39.6) 29.8 (26.1-33.3) 60.8 (54.2-74.0) 167 (131-206) 279 (247-322) 1490

Gender

Males 03-04 29.8 (26.8-33.1) 23.5 (21.4-27.1) 50.7 (42.2-61.7) 132 (98.0-191) 248 (159-422) 1250

05-06 35.0 (30.7-39.9) 29.0 (25.7-32.1) 69.3 (54.2-82.9) 172 (141-210) 301 (249-376) 1270

Females 03-04 35.5 (31.6-40.0) 30.6 (26.4-35.5) 58.3 (48.8-71.8) 144 (108-192) 251 (192-349) 1355

05-06 40.3 (36.2-44.9) 36.7 (31.6-40.0) 66.1 (58.2-83.7) 168 (127-206) 279 (240-341) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 03-04 28.8 (25.4-32.6) 24.7 (22.4-26.3) 46.7 (39.0-56.3) 94.7 (73.2-137) 152 (118-238) 652

05-06 35.5 (28.7-43.7) 29.8 (25.5-34.9) 61.5 (48.4-86.2) 165 (105-201) 278 (181-501) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 03-04 30.3 (27.7-33.2) 27.0 (23.2-30.7) 51.1 (41.6-64.0) 135 (100-161) 212 (173-252) 699

05-06 32.7 (28.9-37.1) 27.1 (22.4-31.5) 62.4 (53.1-76.0) 166 (119-260) 370 (231-429) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 03-04 33.4 (29.5-37.7) 27.0 (23.5-31.6) 56.8 (48.6-69.4) 145 (109-198) 294 (193-385) 1088

05-06 39.0 (34.9-43.4) 34.3 (30.3-39.1) 69.5 (59.5-83.7) 182 (143-214) 284 (237-324) 1038
92 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-(carboxynonyl) phthalate (MCNP)

Metabolite of Di-isodecyl phthalates (DiDP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 2.73 (2.50-2.98) 2.70 (2.40-3.00) 5.30 (4.80-5.90) 10.2 (8.80-11.9) 17.5 (14.0-21.4) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 4.54 (3.94-5.24) 4.70 (4.00-5.60) 8.10 (6.80-9.60) 14.6 (10.8-19.1) 22.8 (16.7-35.3) 356

12-19 years 05-06 3.18 (2.74-3.68) 3.30 (2.90-3.80) 6.00 (4.70-7.20) 10.3 (7.60-13.7) 16.5 (11.5-21.5) 702

20 years and older 05-06 2.51 (2.27-2.78) 2.40 (2.20-2.70) 4.90 (4.40-5.40) 9.50 (7.90-11.9) 17.0 (13.1-21.5) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 3.16 (2.82-3.54) 3.00 (2.70-3.50) 5.90 (5.10-6.90) 11.0 (8.80-14.0) 19.5 (14.0-28.0) 1270

Females 05-06 2.37 (2.13-2.65) 2.30 (2.00-2.70) 4.80 (4.30-5.30) 9.30 (7.60-11.5) 14.7 (13.1-18.2) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 2.72 (2.40-3.08) 2.70 (2.40-3.20) 4.90 (4.30-5.70) 9.00 (7.00-12.4) 14.4 (9.00-26.8) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 3.18 (2.75-3.67) 3.20 (2.70-3.80) 5.90 (4.90-7.30) 13.0 (9.50-14.6) 19.2 (14.6-30.5) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 2.67 (2.39-2.98) 2.60 (2.30-2.90) 5.30 (4.70-6.10) 10.1 (8.20-12.6) 17.6 (12.6-24.3) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey year 05-06 is 0.6.

Urinary Mono-(carboxynonyl) phthalate (MCNP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Di-isodecyl phthalates (DiDP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 2.66 (2.43-2.91) 2.48 (2.29-2.71) 4.48 (4.05-4.85) 8.67 (7.17-9.71) 13.2 (10.8-17.5) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 5.00 (4.45-5.63) 5.06 (4.18-5.76) 7.48 (6.70-8.84) 16.1 (12.5-18.9) 23.5 (16.1-31.7) 356

12-19 years 05-06 2.37 (2.04-2.75) 2.18 (1.91-2.52) 3.64 (2.94-4.55) 6.26 (5.15-8.70) 10.7 (7.57-14.1) 702

20 years and older 05-06 2.52 (2.29-2.78) 2.37 (2.14-2.57) 4.05 (3.77-4.51) 7.90 (6.46-9.40) 12.0 (9.71-16.7) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 2.53 (2.28-2.82) 2.36 (2.14-2.56) 4.38 (3.74-5.04) 7.41 (6.47-8.88) 13.0 (9.40-19.6) 1270

Females 05-06 2.79 (2.47-3.15) 2.65 (2.34-2.95) 4.51 (4.03-5.15) 9.41 (6.82-11.6) 13.5 (10.7-19.7) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 2.45 (2.13-2.81) 2.32 (2.14-2.60) 4.04 (3.64-4.58) 6.96 (5.73-8.14) 11.0 (7.89-19.1) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 2.24 (1.96-2.55) 1.97 (1.78-2.37) 3.60 (3.25-4.24) 7.82 (6.38-10.4) 12.1 (10.1-17.4) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 2.81 (2.51-3.14) 2.57 (2.33-2.85) 4.62 (4.10-5.19) 9.26 (7.00-10.8) 13.5 (10.3-23.5) 1038
93 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-isononyl phthalate (MiNP)

Metabolite of Di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.50 (<LOD-13.8) 2541

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2782

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.30) 2605

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.10 (.800-1.30) 2.30 (1.50-4.00) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 6.20 (<LOD-22.5) 328

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 393

03-04 * < LOD < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.50) 1.70 (1.20-3.10) 342

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.10 (<LOD-1.30) 1.40 (1.30-1.70) 356

12-19 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.30 (<LOD-20.3) 752

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .900 (<LOD-1.10) 742

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.40 (<LOD-1.80) 729

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.40 (<LOD-2.80) 3.50 (1.30-7.90) 702

20 years and older 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.10 (<LOD-13.2) 1461

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1647

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1534

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.30) 2.30 (1.40-4.20) 1490

Gender

Males 99-00 * < LOD < LOD .800 (<LOD-5.40) 4.90 (<LOD-18.9) 1215

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1371

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.80) 1250

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.30 (.900-1.90) 2.60 (2.10-4.10) 1270

Females 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.50 (<LOD-6.80) 1326

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD .900 (<LOD-1.10) 1411

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1355

05-06 * < LOD < LOD .900 (<LOD-1.00) 1.70 (1.20-2.80) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.50 (<LOD-2.80) 814

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.40) 677

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 652

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.00 (.800-1.30) 2.80 (1.30-5.60) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 2.30 (<LOD-13.8) 6.80 (<LOD-30.2) 603

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.70) 703

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.30 (1.00-2.00) 699

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.30 (1.00-1.80) 3.70 (2.30-5.60) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.50 (<LOD-16.0) 912

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1216

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1088

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.00 (<LOD-1.40) 2.10 (1.20-4.20) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.8, 0.8, 1.0, and 0.8 respectively. 

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
94 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-isononyl phthalate (MiNP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 4.29 (<LOD-8.31) 2541

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2782

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.92 (<LOD-3.18) 2605

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 2.08 (1.78-2.48) 3.35 (2.59-3.68) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 6.00 (<LOD-14.2) 328

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 393

03-04 * < LOD < LOD 2.41 (<LOD-3.13) 3.27 (2.41-4.67) 342

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.54 (<LOD-1.90) 1.97 (1.65-3.35) 356

12-19 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.00 (<LOD-7.65) 752

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.07 (<LOD-3.33) 742

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.97 (<LOD-2.59) 729

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.73 (<LOD-2.33) 2.59 (1.93-3.43) 702

20 years and older 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 4.62 (<LOD-8.07) 1461

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1647

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1534

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 2.19 (<LOD-2.72) 3.36 (2.71-3.97) 1490

Gender

Males 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 2.00 (<LOD-3.71) 4.24 (<LOD-10.2) 1215

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1371

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.31 (<LOD-2.95) 1250

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.63 (1.27-2.28) 2.59 (1.81-3.64) 1270

Females 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 4.29 (<LOD-7.65) 1326

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.73 (<LOD-2.86) 1411

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1355

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 2.38 (<LOD-2.85) 3.49 (3.17-4.07) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 3.53 (<LOD-5.00) 814

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.40 (<LOD-2.73) 677

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 652

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.76 (1.43-2.42) 3.17 (2.42-4.07) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 2.03 (<LOD-5.31) 4.29 (<LOD-14.3) 603

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.76 (<LOD-2.14) 703

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 2.19 (1.67-2.50) 699

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 1.44 (1.19-1.68) 2.85 (1.84-4.38) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 * < LOD < LOD < LOD 5.45 (<LOD-10.0) 912

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1216

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1088

05-06 * < LOD < LOD 2.19 (<LOD-2.59) 3.17 (2.59-3.51) 1038

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
95 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-(carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP)

Metabolite of Di-isononyl phthalates (DiNP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 5.39 (4.68-6.22) 5.10 (4.40-6.00) 10.9 (9.10-13.1) 25.5 (19.1-35.4) 54.4 (32.5-85.2) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 8.52 (7.19-10.1) 8.90 (7.60-9.90) 15.0 (11.3-19.3) 26.4 (19.9-37.3) 40.3 (26.4-61.6) 356

12-19 years 05-06 6.61 (5.42-8.06) 6.30 (5.20-7.30) 11.9 (9.60-16.0) 28.4 (18.2-58.7) 63.2 (28.4-106) 702

20 years and older 05-06 4.96 (4.27-5.76) 4.50 (3.90-5.20) 9.70 (8.20-12.3) 25.1 (18.2-35.7) 54.4 (30.8-88.5) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 6.24 (5.25-7.42) 5.70 (4.70-6.90) 12.1 (10.2-15.1) 30.8 (19.0-58.8) 66.4 (33.8-122) 1270

Females 05-06 4.69 (4.14-5.30) 4.50 (4.00-5.20) 9.30 (8.20-11.1) 21.5 (17.5-27.0) 41.7 (28.1-61.7) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 5.77 (4.84-6.87) 5.20 (4.50-5.70) 9.90 (8.50-12.0) 23.6 (14.9-49.7) 54.4 (23.0-185) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 6.08 (5.60-6.61) 6.00 (5.10-6.70) 11.4 (10.4-13.0) 24.5 (20.3-28.1) 50.0 (32.0-70.3) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 5.25 (4.40-6.27) 5.00 (4.10-6.20) 11.1 (8.60-13.6) 25.5 (17.7-43.5) 56.1 (28.1-88.5) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey year 05-06 is 0.7.

Urinary Mono-(carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Di-isononyl phthalates (DiNP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 05-06 5.26 (4.54-6.10) 4.53 (3.95-5.11) 9.25 (7.64-11.2) 24.0 (17.1-30.8) 40.2 (30.3-55.2) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 05-06 9.38 (8.08-10.9) 8.48 (7.66-10.1) 14.8 (12.2-18.7) 30.3 (20.0-38.8) 40.1 (28.2-57.3) 356

12-19 years 05-06 4.93 (4.10-5.93) 4.32 (3.61-4.89) 7.44 (5.93-11.0) 19.4 (12.4-31.8) 34.7 (24.1-58.3) 702

20 years and older 05-06 4.97 (4.26-5.81) 4.17 (3.68-4.77) 8.58 (7.23-10.6) 23.4 (15.5-31.8) 41.1 (29.2-55.9) 1490

Gender

Males 05-06 5.01 (4.21-5.97) 4.29 (3.75-5.03) 8.44 (7.17-10.9) 21.6 (15.1-35.4) 44.6 (25.7-85.9) 1270

Females 05-06 5.51 (4.75-6.39) 4.73 (4.23-5.32) 9.55 (8.26-12.2) 24.7 (17.3-30.3) 39.3 (30.3-45.0) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 05-06 5.19 (4.38-6.14) 4.50 (3.64-5.29) 8.04 (7.13-10.1) 19.5 (12.3-37.7) 43.6 (20.9-93.4) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 05-06 4.28 (3.86-4.74) 3.67 (3.26-4.09) 7.60 (6.80-8.81) 17.1 (13.2-21.5) 31.8 (22.5-43.7) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 05-06 5.53 (4.61-6.63) 4.81 (4.13-5.56) 10.0 (7.63-13.3) 25.2 (16.3-34.5) 39.3 (26.8-59.7) 1038
96 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-methyl phthalate (MMP)

Metabolite of Dimethyl phthalate (DMP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 01-02 1.15 (.985-1.34) 1.50 (1.30-1.80) 3.30 (2.90-3.70) 6.00 (5.10-7.50) 9.80 (8.00-12.5) 2782

03-04 * 1.30 (<LOD-1.70) 3.90 (3.00-4.90) 9.70 (7.70-12.2) 16.3 (12.0-20.4) 2605

05-06 * < LOD 2.50 (1.90-3.40) 7.40 (6.10-8.60) 12.4 (10.8-14.7) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 01-02 1.45 (1.13-1.87) 1.90 (1.40-2.80) 4.00 (3.40-4.90) 7.20 (6.00-8.00) 11.8 (7.60-20.8) 393

03-04 2.10 (1.67-2.63) 1.70 (1.20-2.40) 4.30 (2.80-6.40) 9.50 (6.40-18.8) 18.8 (9.40-33.4) 342

05-06 * < LOD 4.00 (3.30-4.80) 10.6 (7.40-13.4) 15.4 (10.6-30.6) 356

12-19 years 01-02 1.59 (1.28-1.96) 2.10 (1.80-2.50) 3.90 (3.30-4.70) 8.50 (5.30-10.5) 13.0 (9.60-17.8) 742

03-04 * 1.50 (1.00-2.20) 4.40 (3.00-7.00) 13.3 (7.40-20.9) 21.8 (17.8-31.5) 729

05-06 * < LOD 3.70 (2.70-4.60) 8.60 (7.00-9.50) 12.4 (9.30-20.7) 702

20 years and older 01-02 1.06 (.904-1.25) 1.40 (1.10-1.60) 3.10 (2.50-3.50) 5.60 (4.60-7.10) 9.20 (7.40-12.3) 1647

03-04 * 1.20 (<LOD-1.50) 3.80 (2.80-4.90) 9.30 (7.10-11.8) 14.3 (10.8-19.9) 1534

05-06 * < LOD 2.20 (1.60-2.80) 6.90 (5.30-8.40) 11.9 (9.50-14.7) 1490

Gender

Males 01-02 1.17 (.962-1.43) 1.50 (1.30-1.90) 3.30 (2.90-4.00) 5.90 (4.80-7.90) 9.20 (7.10-13.5) 1371

03-04 * 1.30 (1.00-1.80) 4.00 (3.20-5.20) 10.0 (7.30-13.5) 17.7 (11.8-20.4) 1250

05-06 * < LOD 2.40 (1.80-3.50) 7.40 (5.70-9.20) 13.4 (11.0-15.7) 1270

Females 01-02 1.13 (.973-1.31) 1.40 (1.10-1.70) 3.30 (2.80-3.70) 6.40 (5.00-7.80) 10.3 (8.20-16.2) 1411

03-04 * 1.20 (<LOD-1.60) 3.60 (2.80-4.70) 9.50 (7.70-12.2) 15.3 (11.7-22.9) 1355

05-06 * < LOD 2.60 (1.80-3.40) 7.40 (5.10-9.30) 12.0 (9.30-16.0) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 01-02 1.21 (1.02-1.45) 1.60 (1.30-1.70) 3.30 (2.70-4.00) 5.60 (4.70-7.30) 8.60 (6.40-15.2) 677

03-04 * 1.40 (1.10-1.80) 4.00 (2.50-6.30) 9.60 (7.30-13.4) 15.0 (11.4-18.8) 652

05-06 * < LOD 3.10 (2.20-4.30) 7.30 (5.90-9.40) 11.3 (8.50-18.0) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 01-02 1.64 (1.37-1.98) 2.10 (1.70-2.70) 4.40 (3.60-5.10) 8.30 (6.20-10.1) 11.0 (9.50-13.4) 703

03-04 2.16 (1.64-2.84) 1.70 (1.00-2.80) 5.10 (3.70-7.00) 11.4 (7.30-17.3) 17.8 (10.2-39.4) 699

05-06 * < LOD 3.70 (2.40-4.70) 8.20 (6.10-10.6) 13.0 (10.6-15.8) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 01-02 1.08 (.906-1.29) 1.40 (1.10-1.70) 3.20 (2.50-3.60) 5.60 (4.70-6.70) 9.70 (7.10-14.0) 1216

03-04 * 1.20 (<LOD-1.60) 3.60 (2.80-4.80) 9.70 (7.50-12.2) 16.5 (12.0-20.4) 1088

05-06 * < LOD 2.30 (1.70-2.80) 7.40 (5.50-8.80) 12.5 (10.4-15.0) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.2, 1.0, and 1.1.

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
97 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Dimethyl phthalate (DMP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 01-02 1.08 (.936-1.25) 1.33 (1.13-1.55) 2.62 (2.36-2.97) 5.00 (3.97-6.02) 8.00 (6.07-11.0) 2782

03-04 * 1.53 (<LOD-1.79) 3.45 (2.76-4.37) 7.95 (5.83-11.8) 13.5 (11.3-18.1) 2605

05-06 * < LOD 2.85 (2.52-3.25) 6.53 (5.49-7.67) 12.2 (9.74-14.3) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 01-02 1.65 (1.28-2.14) 2.32 (1.72-2.86) 3.97 (3.27-4.71) 7.20 (5.99-9.41) 13.2 (7.60-22.5) 393

03-04 2.22 (1.75-2.81) 1.88 (1.49-2.60) 4.96 (2.81-6.49) 9.67 (6.15-14.6) 16.2 (12.1-34.5) 342

05-06 * < LOD 4.59 (3.09-6.35) 11.0 (8.07-15.0) 18.6 (10.4-21.9) 356

12-19 years 01-02 1.23 (1.01-1.48) 1.51 (1.32-1.82) 2.84 (2.52-3.33) 5.36 (3.68-6.39) 7.27 (5.64-11.4) 742

03-04 * 1.34 (1.12-1.73) 3.19 (2.26-4.43) 7.84 (4.95-12.1) 13.3 (9.49-19.1) 729

05-06 * < LOD 2.80 (2.15-3.55) 5.65 (4.33-6.52) 12.4 (6.45-18.9) 702

20 years and older 01-02 1.00 (.868-1.16) 1.21 (1.05-1.40) 2.44 (2.14-2.68) 4.53 (3.49-6.02) 7.72 (5.52-11.4) 1647

03-04 * 1.52 (<LOD-1.79) 3.39 (2.69-4.31) 7.69 (5.40-11.8) 13.3 (10.1-18.9) 1534

05-06 * < LOD 2.76 (2.44-3.12) 6.09 (5.00-7.75) 11.2 (9.17-13.4) 1490

Gender

Males 01-02 .954 (.794-1.15) 1.17 (1.02-1.40) 2.37 (2.03-2.75) 4.18 (3.45-5.64) 6.42 (4.94-9.59) 1371

03-04 * 1.35 (1.15-1.52) 2.95 (2.26-4.09) 7.11 (5.00-10.2) 11.8 (9.05-13.3) 1250

05-06 * < LOD 2.19 (1.89-2.50) 5.03 (4.09-6.45) 10.2 (7.75-13.4) 1270

Females 01-02 1.21 (1.06-1.38) 1.45 (1.23-1.82) 2.87 (2.58-3.06) 5.56 (4.55-7.14) 10.0 (7.20-15.3) 1411

03-04 * 1.83 (<LOD-2.10) 3.87 (3.04-4.96) 9.41 (6.41-13.6) 16.5 (12.5-23.5) 1355

05-06 * < LOD 3.47 (3.00-4.11) 7.67 (6.00-9.75) 13.2 (9.75-18.7) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 01-02 1.14 (.975-1.34) 1.48 (1.30-1.63) 2.50 (2.20-2.94) 4.19 (3.77-5.76) 8.47 (5.58-12.5) 677

03-04 * 1.36 (1.15-1.71) 3.56 (2.45-4.90) 7.53 (5.62-9.64) 12.5 (9.44-16.9) 652

05-06 * < LOD 2.86 (2.07-3.67) 6.48 (4.21-8.24) 11.5 (6.94-21.7) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 01-02 1.15 (.949-1.40) 1.39 (1.29-1.67) 2.70 (2.36-2.95) 4.87 (4.21-5.93) 8.09 (5.86-11.0) 703

03-04 1.53 (1.21-1.94) 1.40 (1.07-1.75) 3.14 (2.26-4.37) 7.50 (4.29-14.6) 13.7 (7.70-20.7) 699

05-06 * < LOD 2.59 (1.87-3.28) 5.20 (4.53-6.29) 8.50 (6.79-10.3) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 01-02 1.07 (.914-1.26) 1.30 (1.05-1.58) 2.62 (2.32-2.99) 5.22 (3.68-6.82) 8.26 (6.07-12.6) 1216

03-04 * 1.56 (<LOD-1.89) 3.50 (2.71-4.67) 8.10 (6.00-11.9) 13.6 (11.3-18.9) 1088

05-06 * < LOD 2.98 (2.60-3.39) 7.19 (5.58-9.51) 13.4 (10.4-16.6) 1038

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
98 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP)

Metabolite of Di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 01-02 2.75 (2.49-3.04) 3.10 (2.80-3.30) 5.70 (5.10-6.40) 10.0 (8.90-11.3) 14.6 (12.7-17.5) 2782

03-04 2.91 (2.79-3.04) 3.10 (3.00-3.30) 5.70 (5.20-6.10) 10.2 (9.20-11.8) 15.3 (13.8-16.2) 2605

05-06 2.05 (1.87-2.26) 2.10 (1.90-2.40) 4.40 (4.00-4.80) 8.90 (7.60-10.1) 13.1 (10.6-17.4) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 01-02 6.11 (5.46-6.84) 6.70 (5.40-7.50) 11.8 (10.2-13.3) 20.1 (17.8-23.1) 24.7 (22.2-31.6) 393

03-04 6.86 (5.80-8.11) 7.10 (6.00-8.90) 12.7 (10.4-16.4) 22.0 (17.2-27.7) 29.2 (22.3-36.6) 342

05-06 4.82 (4.09-5.68) 4.90 (4.30-5.90) 8.50 (6.70-10.4) 13.1 (10.3-17.9) 17.9 (12.6-34.5) 356

12-19 years 01-02 3.71 (3.18-4.33) 4.00 (3.40-4.70) 7.10 (6.10-8.10) 11.5 (9.50-12.7) 14.1 (11.8-19.0) 742

03-04 3.72 (3.33-4.15) 4.10 (3.50-4.60) 7.20 (5.80-8.40) 11.0 (9.50-13.6) 15.4 (13.4-17.9) 729

05-06 2.96 (2.52-3.46) 3.10 (2.50-3.60) 5.90 (4.80-7.30) 11.8 (9.10-14.5) 17.0 (12.7-21.5) 702

20 years and older 01-02 2.37 (2.11-2.66) 2.60 (2.20-3.00) 4.80 (4.30-5.40) 8.10 (7.20-9.50) 12.0 (10.1-14.2) 1647

03-04 2.53 (2.41-2.66) 2.80 (2.60-2.90) 4.90 (4.50-5.20) 8.10 (7.50-8.90) 13.2 (10.8-14.3) 1534

05-06 1.76 (1.60-1.93) 1.70 (1.60-2.00) 3.60 (3.20-4.10) 7.10 (6.10-8.40) 11.3 (9.60-13.6) 1490

Gender

Males 01-02 2.89 (2.64-3.17) 3.10 (2.80-3.40) 5.70 (5.00-6.80) 9.90 (8.70-12.0) 14.2 (12.4-18.1) 1371

03-04 3.25 (3.01-3.52) 3.30 (3.00-3.60) 6.00 (5.60-6.80) 11.8 (10.1-13.6) 16.0 (14.2-20.0) 1250

05-06 2.32 (2.11-2.54) 2.40 (2.00-2.70) 4.70 (4.30-5.20) 9.60 (7.90-11.8) 14.5 (11.5-22.3) 1270

Females 01-02 2.62 (2.29-2.99) 3.00 (2.50-3.30) 5.70 (5.00-6.30) 10.0 (8.50-11.5) 14.7 (11.2-20.3) 1411

03-04 2.63 (2.44-2.83) 3.00 (2.60-3.20) 5.20 (4.70-5.80) 9.20 (8.20-10.3) 13.4 (11.0-16.2) 1355

05-06 1.83 (1.59-2.10) 1.80 (1.60-2.10) 4.00 (3.30-4.60) 8.00 (6.60-9.50) 12.1 (9.50-14.7) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 01-02 2.67 (2.26-3.16) 3.00 (2.30-3.50) 5.30 (4.40-5.90) 9.20 (7.30-12.4) 13.6 (10.4-18.7) 677

03-04 3.08 (2.86-3.32) 3.10 (2.80-3.40) 5.50 (4.80-6.10) 9.90 (7.90-12.6) 13.7 (11.5-19.8) 652

05-06 2.24 (1.71-2.94) 2.20 (1.60-3.10) 4.50 (3.30-6.50) 9.40 (6.50-13.1) 14.1 (9.90-25.4) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 01-02 3.09 (2.81-3.40) 3.30 (2.90-3.60) 6.30 (5.50-6.50) 10.9 (9.10-13.0) 15.1 (13.5-22.4) 703

03-04 3.30 (3.01-3.62) 3.20 (2.90-3.60) 6.10 (5.50-6.90) 11.6 (9.30-13.4) 20.1 (13.6-25.5) 699

05-06 2.28 (2.03-2.57) 2.40 (2.10-2.80) 4.50 (3.80-5.60) 8.70 (7.10-10.3) 13.3 (10.4-16.5) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 01-02 2.72 (2.40-3.08) 3.00 (2.60-3.30) 5.80 (4.80-6.80) 10.3 (8.90-11.9) 15.8 (12.6-19.5) 1216

03-04 2.87 (2.73-3.02) 3.10 (2.90-3.30) 5.60 (5.00-6.00) 10.1 (9.10-12.0) 15.2 (13.4-16.1) 1088

05-06 1.97 (1.81-2.15) 2.00 (1.80-2.20) 4.20 (3.80-4.60) 8.70 (6.80-10.3) 13.1 (10.0-17.5) 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.4, 0.2, and 0.2.
99 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 01-02 2.58 (2.35-2.83) 2.47 (2.25-2.76) 4.08 (3.87-4.48) 7.24 (6.58-8.00) 11.4 (10.0-12.5) 2782

03-04 2.74 (2.56-2.93) 2.60 (2.42-2.79) 4.39 (3.94-4.86) 7.70 (6.65-8.60) 10.7 (9.53-11.9) 2605

05-06 2.00 (1.82-2.20) 1.86 (1.67-2.06) 3.55 (3.14-4.00) 6.80 (5.77-7.95) 10.3 (8.68-12.7) 2548

Age group

6-11 years 01-02 6.96 (6.29-7.70) 7.08 (5.83-7.87) 11.2 (9.15-14.0) 20.7 (15.5-22.3) 26.4 (20.7-27.0) 393

03-04 7.25 (6.43-8.18) 7.06 (5.93-7.59) 11.2 (9.38-12.4) 19.1 (14.4-25.6) 26.9 (19.3-29.0) 342

05-06 5.31 (4.57-6.17) 5.06 (4.57-5.79) 8.78 (7.50-10.0) 13.7 (10.2-21.3) 21.3 (13.2-36.7) 356

12-19 years 01-02 2.86 (2.52-3.25) 2.94 (2.50-3.36) 4.59 (4.03-5.23) 6.69 (6.30-7.25) 9.55 (8.03-10.7) 742

03-04 2.78 (2.54-3.05) 2.75 (2.53-2.99) 4.55 (4.05-5.15) 6.61 (6.15-7.20) 8.24 (7.00-10.2) 729

05-06 2.20 (1.90-2.55) 2.07 (1.76-2.46) 3.67 (2.99-4.39) 6.84 (5.35-8.67) 9.67 (7.12-11.4) 702

20 years and older 01-02 2.24 (2.03-2.47) 2.20 (2.00-2.40) 3.51 (3.11-3.95) 5.39 (4.82-6.18) 7.71 (6.71-9.28) 1647

03-04 2.43 (2.27-2.61) 2.38 (2.19-2.56) 3.70 (3.33-4.08) 6.09 (5.38-7.06) 8.79 (7.84-9.56) 1534

05-06 1.76 (1.60-1.94) 1.67 (1.47-1.86) 2.96 (2.60-3.38) 5.55 (4.61-6.46) 8.46 (7.00-10.3) 1490

Gender

Males 01-02 2.35 (2.17-2.56) 2.20 (2.02-2.42) 3.76 (3.45-4.20) 7.17 (6.27-8.06) 11.5 (9.28-15.1) 1371

03-04 2.55 (2.39-2.72) 2.36 (2.22-2.47) 4.14 (3.52-4.86) 7.84 (6.80-8.79) 11.6 (10.2-13.5) 1250

05-06 1.86 (1.70-2.03) 1.70 (1.53-1.88) 3.33 (2.92-3.70) 6.70 (5.59-8.33) 10.7 (8.72-14.2) 1270

Females 01-02 2.81 (2.48-3.18) 2.76 (2.46-3.02) 4.39 (3.97-4.92) 7.66 (6.17-8.69) 11.0 (8.62-15.9) 1411

03-04 2.93 (2.68-3.20) 2.89 (2.58-3.23) 4.53 (4.09-5.00) 7.58 (6.44-8.57) 10.0 (8.60-11.6) 1355

05-06 2.15 (1.88-2.45) 2.00 (1.72-2.44) 3.77 (3.15-4.47) 6.90 (5.62-8.43) 10.0 (8.14-12.5) 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 01-02 2.52 (2.21-2.88) 2.37 (2.07-2.73) 4.29 (3.73-5.00) 7.36 (5.58-10.3) 11.4 (8.36-14.5) 677

03-04 2.78 (2.56-3.02) 2.63 (2.30-2.96) 4.32 (3.66-4.96) 8.14 (6.72-10.3) 12.8 (9.37-17.1) 652

05-06 2.02 (1.62-2.51) 1.79 (1.42-2.53) 3.85 (2.74-5.22) 7.00 (5.40-8.82) 10.2 (7.64-16.4) 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 01-02 2.17 (2.02-2.33) 2.07 (1.88-2.28) 3.68 (3.25-4.07) 6.73 (5.46-7.70) 10.0 (8.27-13.1) 703

03-04 2.34 (2.13-2.58) 2.17 (1.99-2.45) 3.96 (3.33-4.43) 6.93 (6.03-8.80) 13.4 (9.32-15.9) 699

05-06 1.61 (1.42-1.81) 1.58 (1.38-1.77) 2.76 (2.27-3.37) 5.63 (4.33-7.59) 8.68 (6.86-10.4) 678

Non-Hispanic whites 01-02 2.69 (2.42-3.00) 2.57 (2.25-2.94) 4.19 (3.87-4.79) 7.63 (6.58-8.45) 11.8 (10.0-14.7) 1216

03-04 2.83 (2.60-3.09) 2.65 (2.43-2.96) 4.55 (3.90-5.16) 7.79 (6.59-8.79) 10.6 (9.43-11.3) 1088

05-06 2.08 (1.92-2.24) 1.95 (1.76-2.12) 3.60 (3.26-4.00) 6.47 (5.56-7.93) 10.3 (7.95-13.1) 1038
100 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP)

Metabolite of Di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/L) for the U.S. population from the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.60 (1.20-2.00) 2.90 (2.30-3.40) 2541

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2782

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2605

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 2.20 (.900-3.50) 3.20 (1.70-5.00) 328

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 393

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 342

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 356

12-19 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.70 (.900-2.50) 2.80 (2.00-4.20) 752

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 742

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 729

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 702

20 years and older 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.50 (1.10-1.90) 2.90 (2.10-3.50) 1461

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1647

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1534

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1490

Gender

Males 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.60 (1.10-2.20) 2.80 (2.00-3.50) 1215

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1371

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1250

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1270

Females 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.50 (1.20-2.10) 3.10 (2.20-3.80) 1326

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1411

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1355

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.10 (<LOD-1.40) 1.60 (1.40-2.60) 814

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 677

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 652

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.90 (<LOD-3.00) 3.00 (2.20-4.10) 603

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 703

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 699

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.60 (1.20-2.10) 3.00 (2.30-3.50) 912

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1216

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1088

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1038

Limit of detection (LOD, see Data Analysis section) for Survey years 99-00, 01-02, 03-04, and 05-06 are 0.9, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.1 respectively. 

< LOD means less than the limit of detection, which may vary for some chemicals by year and by individual sample.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
101 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Urinary Mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP) (creatinine corrected)

Metabolite of Di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP)

Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (in μg/g of creatinine) for the U.S. population from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Geometric Selected percentiles

Survey mean ( 95% confidence interval) Sample

years (95% conf. interval) 50th 75th 90th 95th size

Total 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 2.40 (2.07-2.61) 3.53 (2.95-4.29) 2541

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2782

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2605

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 2548

Age group

6-11 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 2.22 (1.60-3.75) 3.75 (1.97-10.3) 328

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 393

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 342

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 356

12-19 years 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.49 (1.29-1.71) 1.88 (1.54-3.33) 752

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 742

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 729

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 702

20 years and older 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 2.60 (2.07-2.91) 3.53 (3.00-4.62) 1461

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1647

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1534

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1490

Gender

Males 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.82 (1.54-2.07) 2.56 (1.94-3.45) 1215

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1371

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1250

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1270

Females 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 3.00 (2.50-3.55) 4.29 (3.33-6.23) 1326

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1411

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1355

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1278

Race/ethnicity

Mexican Americans 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.82 (<LOD-2.80) 3.33 (2.60-4.00) 814

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 677

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 652

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 637

Non-Hispanic blacks 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 1.36 (<LOD-1.94) 2.22 (1.50-3.27) 603

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 703

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 699

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 678

Non-Hispanic whites 99-00 * < LOD < LOD 2.61 (2.14-3.08) 3.64 (3.15-5.00) 912

01-02 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1216

03-04 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1088

05-06 * < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD 1038

< LOD means less than the limit of detection for the urine levels not corrected for creatinine.

* Not calculated: proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.
102 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Appendix C. References for Biomonitoring Analytical Methods

Cotinine

Bernert JT, McGuffey JE, Morrison MA, Pirkle JL. Comparison of serum and salivary cotinine measurements by a 

sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method as an indicator of exposure to 

tobacco smoke among smokers and nonsmokers. J Anal Toxicol 2000;24:333-9. 

Bernert JT, Turner WE, Pirkle JL, Sosnoff CS, Akins JR, Waldrep MK, et al. Development and validation of a sensitive 

measurement of serum cotinine in both smokers and nonsmokers by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure 

ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 1997;43:2281-91. 

Environmental Phenols

Ye X, Kuklenyik Z, Needham LL, Calafat AM. Automated on-line column-switching HPLC-MS/MS method with peak 

focusing for the determination of nine environmental phenols in urine. Anal Chem 2005;77:5407-13. 

Metals 

Caldwell KL, Hartel J, Jarrett J, Jones RL. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure multiple toxic 

elements in urine in NHANES 1999-2000. Atomic Spectroscopy. 2005;26(1):1-7. 

Chen HP, Paschal DC, Miller DT, Morrow JC. Determination of total and inorganic mercury in whole blood by on-line 

digestion with flow injection. Atomic Spectroscopy 1998;19:176-9. 

Jarrett JM, Jones RL, Caldwell KL, Verdon CP. Total urine arsenic measurements using inductively coupled plasma mass 

spectrometry with a dynamic reaction cell. Atomic Spectroscopy 2007;28(4):113-22. 

Miller, DT, Paschal DC, Gunter EW, Stroud PE, D’Angelo J. Determination of lead in blood using electrothermal 

atomization atomic absorption spectrometry with a L’vov platform and matrix modifier. Analyst 1987;112:1701-4. 

Paschal DC, Ting BG, Morrow JC, Pirkle JL, Jackson RJ, Sampson EJ, et al. Trace metals in urine of United States 

residents: reference range concentrations. Environ Res 1998;76:53-9. 

Stoeppler M, Brandt K. Determination of cadmium in whole blood and urine by electrothermal atomic-absorption 

spectrophotometry. Fresnius A Anal Chem 1980;300:372-80. 

Verdon CP, Caldwell KL, Fresques MR, Jones RL. Determination of seven arsenic compounds in urine by HPLC-ICPDRC-MS: a CDC population biomonitoring method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008;393(3):939-47. 

Parabens

Calafat AM, Ye X, Wong L-Y, Bishop AM, Needham LL. Urinary concentrations of four parabens in the U.S. population: 

2005-2006. Environ Health Perspect 2010;118:679-85. 

Perfluorochemicals

Calafat AM, Kuklenyik Z, Reidy JA, Caudill SP, Tully JS, Needham LL. Serum concentrations of 11 polyfluoroalkyl 

compounds in the U.S. population: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Environ 

Sci Technol 2007;41(7):2237-42. 

Phthalates

Blount BC, Milgram KE, Silva M, Malek N, Reidy J, Needham LL, et al. Quantitative detection of eight phthalate 

metabolites in human urine using HPLC-APCI-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2000;72:4127-34. 
103 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Silva MJ, Malek NA, Hodge CC, Reidy JA, Kato K, Barr DB, et al. Improved quantitative detection of 11 urinary 

phthalate metabolites in humans using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass 

spectrometry. J Chromatog B 2003;789:393-404. 

Silva MJ, Slakman AR, Reidy JA, Preau JLJ, Herbert AR, Samandar E, et al. Analysis of human urine for 15 phthalate 

metabolites using automated solid-phase extraction. J Chromatog B 2004;805:161-7. 
104 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Chemical Matrix Units 1999-2000 2001-2002 2003-2004 2005-2006

Cotinine serum ng/mL 0.05 0.05 0.015 0.02

Environmental Phenols

 Bisphenol A (2,2-bis [4-Hydroxyphenyl] propane) urine μg/L 0.4 0.4

 Benzophenone-3 (2-Hydroxy-4-methyoxybenzophenone) urine μg/L 0.3 0.4

 4-tert -Octylphenol (4-[1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl] phenol) urine μg/L 0.2

 Triclosan (2,4,4’-Trichloro-2’-hydroxyphenyl ether) urine μg/L 2.3 2.3

Metals

 Antimony urine μg/L 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.032

 Arsenic, Total urine μg/L 0.74 0.74

 Arsenic (V) Acid urine μg/L 1.0 1.0

 Arsenobetaine urine μg/L 0.4 0.4

 Arsenocholine urine μg/L 0.6 0.6

 Arsenous (III) Acid urine μg/L 1.2 1.2

 Dimethylarsinic Acid urine μg/L 1.7 1.7

 Monomethylarsonic Acid urine μg/L 0.9 0.9

 Trimethylarsine oxide urine μg/L 1.0 1.0

 Barium urine μg/L 0.12 0.12 0.31 0.12

 Beryllium urine μg/L 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.072

 Cadmium blood μg/L 0.3 0.3 0.14 0.2

 Cadmium urine μg/L 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.042

 Cesium urine μg/L 0.14 0.14 0.2 0.066

 Cobalt urine μg/L 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.041

 Lead blood μg/dL 0.3 0.3 0.28 0.25

 Lead urine μg/L 0.1 0.1 0.33 0.1

 Mercury, Inorganic blood μg/L 0.42 0.4

 Mercury, Total blood μg/L 0.14 0.14 0.2 0.33

 Mercury urine μg/L 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.11

 Molybdenum urine μg/L 0.8 0.8 1.5 0.92

 Platinum urine μg/L 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.009

 Thallium urine μg/L 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.015

 Tungsten urine μg/L 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.021

 Uranium urine μg/L 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.002

Parabens

 Butyl paraben urine μg/L 0.2

 Ethyl paraben urine μg/L 1.0

 Methyl paraben urine μg/L 1.0

 n-Propyl paraben urine μg/L 0.2

Perfluorinated Compounds

 Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBuS) serum μg/L 0.4 0.1

 Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) serum μg/L 0.3 0.2

 Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) serum μg/L 1.0 0.2

 Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) serum μg/L 0.3 0.4

 Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) serum μg/L 0.3 0.1

 Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) serum μg/L 0.1 0.1

 Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) serum μg/L 0.1 0.1

 Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) serum μg/L 0.4 0.2

 Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) serum μg/L 0.2 0.1

 2-(N-Ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (Et-PFOSA-AcOH) serum μg/L 0.4 0.2

 2-(N-Methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (Me-PFOSA-AcOH) serum μg/L 0.6 0.2

 Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA) serum μg/L 0.3 0.2

As analytical methods improve, LODs will often change. For this reason, LOD results are reported by survey periods (e.g., 1999-2000, 2001-2002, 

2003-2004).

Reference: Taylor JK. Quality Assurance of Chemical Measurements. Chelsea (MI): Lewis Publishing. 1987.

The analytical limit of detection (LOD) for each of the different chemical measurements is presented in the table below. The LOD is the level at 

which the measurement has a 95% probability of being greater than zero (Taylor, 1987). 

Appendix D. Limit of Detection Table 
105 Fourth National Exposure Report, Updated Tables, July 2010

Chemical Matrix Units 1999-2000 2001-2002 2003-2004 2005-2006

Phthalate Metabolites

 Mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) urine μg/L 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.3

 Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) urine μg/L 1.0 0.3 0.3

 Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) urine μg/L 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.6

 Mono-(carboxynonyl) phthalate (MCNP) urine μg/L 0.6

 Mono-(carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP) urine μg/L 0.7

 Mono-cyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP) urine μg/L 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.3

 Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) urine μg/L 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.8

 Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) urine μg/L 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.2

 Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) urine μg/L 1.0 0.3 0.7

 Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) urine μg/L 1.1 0.5 0.7

 Mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) urine μg/L 0.3 0.6

 Mono-isononyl phthalate (MiNP) urine μg/L 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8

 Mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) urine μg/L 0.2 1.0 1.1

 Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) urine μg/L 0.4 0.2 0.2

 Mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP) urine μg/L 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1

Appendix D. Limit of Detection Table 
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Environmental Health

Division of Laboratory Sciences

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Atlanta, GA 30341-3724

Telephone: (toll free) 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636)

Email: CDCINFO@cdc.gov

Website: http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport

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