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[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 5426 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>

118th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 5426

To require the Science and Technology Directorate in the Department of 
 Homeland Security to develop greater capacity to detect and identify 
             illicit substances in very low concentrations.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            December 4, 2024

 Mr. Cornyn (for himself, Mr. Ossoff, and Mr. Lankford) introduced the 
 following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 
               Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
To require the Science and Technology Directorate in the Department of 
 Homeland Security to develop greater capacity to detect and identify 
             illicit substances in very low concentrations.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLES.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Detection Equipment and Technology 
Evaluation to Counter the Threat of Fentanyl and Xylazine Act of 2024'' 
or the ``DETECT Fentanyl and Xylazine Act of 2024''.

SEC. 2. ENHANCING THE CAPACITY TO DETECT AND IDENTIFY DRUGS SUCH AS 
              FENTANYL AND XYLAZINE.

    Section 302 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 182) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (13), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (14), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(15) carrying out, in coordination with the Drug 
        Enforcement Administration, research, development, testing, 
        evaluation, and cost-benefit analyses to improve the safety, 
        effectiveness, and efficiency of equipment and the 
        effectiveness and efficiency of reference libraries for use by 
        Federal, State, local, Tribal, and territorial law enforcement 
        agencies for the accurate detection of drugs, such as fentanyl 
        and xylazine, including--
                    ``(A) portable equipment that can detect and 
                identify drugs with minimal or no handling of the 
                sample;
                    ``(B) equipment that can separate complex mixtures 
                containing low concentrations of drugs and high 
                concentrations of cutting agents into their component 
                parts to enable signature extraction for field 
                identification and detection; and
                    ``(C) technologies that use machine learning or 
                artificial intelligence (as defined in section 5002 of 
                the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 
                2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401)) and other techniques to predict 
                whether the substances in a sample are controlled 
                substance analogues or other new psychoactive 
                substances not yet included in available reference 
                libraries.''.

SEC. 3. REQUIREMENTS.

    In carrying out section 302(15) of the Homeland Security Act of 
2002, as added by section 2, the Under Secretary for Science and 
Technology shall--
            (1) follow the recommendations, guidelines, and best 
        practices described in the Artificial Intelligence Risk 
        Management Framework (NIST AI 100-1) or any successor document 
        published by the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology; and
            (2) establish the Directorate of Science and Technology's 
        research, development, testing, evaluation, and cost-benefit 
        analysis priorities under such section 302(15) based on the 
        latest available information, including specific drugs 
        identified as threats in--
                    (A) the latest Homeland Threat Assessment published 
                by the Department of Homeland Security;
                    (B) the latest State and Territory Report on 
                Enduring and Emerging Threats published by the Drug 
                Enforcement Administration; or
                    (C) any successor documents.

SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

    Nothing in this Act may be construed to limit the authority of 
agencies currently managing, overseeing, or otherwise involved in drug 
equipment and reference libraries.
                                 <all>
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