#### § 51.1175 Classification of defects.

Table I

| Factor | Injury | Damage | Serious damage | Very serious damage |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ammoniation | | Not occurring as light speck type | Scars are cracked or dark and aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Bruises | Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured | Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured | Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured | Fruit is split open, peel is badly watersoaked, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured causing a mushy condition affecting all segments more than 3/4 inch (19.9 mm) at bruised area or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when affecting more than one area on the fruit. |
| Buckskin | | Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface | Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface. |
| Caked melanose | | Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Creasing | | Materially weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-third of the surface | Seriously weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-half of the surface | Very seriously weakens the skin, or is distributed over practically the entire surface. |
| Dryness or mushy condition | | Affecting all segments more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit | Affecting all segments more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit | Affecting all segments more than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit. |
| Green spots | Aggregating more than a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter, caused by scale | Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter, caused by scale | Aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter, caused by scale | Aggregating more than 1/3 of the surface, caused by scale. |
| Oil spots | Aggregating more than a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than a circle 11/4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than 1/3 of the surface. |
| Scab | | Materially detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter | Seriously detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Scale | More than a few adjacent to the “button” at the stem end, or more than 6 scattered on other portions of the fruit | Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Scars, Hail, or Thorn scratches [For smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars see [§ 51.1161](/on/2024-09-20/title-7/section-51.1161).] | Depressed, not smooth, or detracts from appearance more than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade | Deep or rough aggregating more than a circle 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter; smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 11/4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter | Deep or rough aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with depth aggregating more than a circle 11/4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter; smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregating more than 10 percent of fruit surface | Deep or rough or unsightly that appearance is very seriously affected. |
| Skin breakdown | Aggregating more than a circle 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Sprayburn | | Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter | Hard and aggregating more than a circle 11/2 inches (38.1 mm) in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Split, rough, protruding navels | Split is unhealed, or more than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) in length, or navel protrudes beyond the general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it detracts from the appearance | Split is unhealed, or more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in length, or more than three well healed splits, or navel protrudes beyond the general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it detracts from appearance | Split is unhealed, or more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in length, or two or more splits aggregate more than 1 inch (25.4 mm) in length, or navel protrudes beyond general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it detracts from appearance | Split is unhealed or fruit is seriously weakened. |
| Sunburn | | Skin is flattened, dry, darkened, or hard and the affected area exceeds 25 percent of the surface | Skin is hard and affects more than one-third of the surface | Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface. |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Note:** All references to area or aggregating area, or length in this standard are based on an orange or tangelo 27/8 inches (73.0 mm) in diameter, allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit. | | | | |