IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA

FIFTH DISTRICT

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO

 FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND

DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED

NORTHPORT HEALTH SERVICES OF

FLORIDA, LLC D/B/A WEST MELBOURNE

HEALTH AND REHABILITATION CENTER, 

Appellant,

v. Case No. 5D17-335

ROSIETTE LOUIS, AS PERSONAL 

REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ESTATE 

OF ELIENNE PHILISTIN,

Appellee.

________________________________/

Opinion filed March 2, 2018

Non-Final Appeal from the Circuit Court 

for Brevard County,

Charles J. Roberts, Judge.

Lissette M. Gonzalez and Scott A. Cole, of 

Cole, Scott & Kissane, P.A., Miami, for 

Appellant.

Douglas F. Eaton, of Eaton & Wolk, PL, 

Miami, for Appellee.

LAMBERT, J.

Northport Health Services of Florida, LLC d/b/a West Melbourne Health and 

Rehabilitation Center (“Northport”) appeals a non-final order denying its motion to compel 
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arbitration.1 The trial court found the parties’ arbitration agreement to be “vague,

confusing and conflicting” and that it was unenforceable for being void as against public 

policy because it limited the ability of the Appellee, Rosiette Louis, as personal 

representative of the Estate of Elienne Philistin (“Estate”) to recover damages and

increased her evidentiary burden of proof. We reverse and remand to the trial court to 

sever the provision in the arbitration agreement that requires the application of Alabama 

law to the admissibility of evidence at the arbitration hearing.

Elienne Philistin was admitted to the West Melbourne Health and Rehabilitation 

Center on August 7, 2015, and resided there until she died on September 25, 2015. On 

the date of her admission, Philistin's daughter, Rosiette Louis, with power of attorney on 

behalf of her mother, executed an admission agreement2that contained the arbitration 

agreement before the court in which the parties agreed to resolve any disputes between 

them by binding arbitration and specifically waived the right to have any dispute resolved

in a court of law before a judge or jury.

Estate filed suit against Northport alleging that Northport's failure to comply with its 

statutory duties under the Florida Nursing Home Resident’s Rights Act3(“Act”) was the 

proximate cause of Philistin's wrongful death. Northport moved to compel arbitration. 

Estate responded by asserting that the agreement to arbitrate was void and 

unenforceable for two reasons. First, while acknowledging that the agreement expressly 

 

1 We have jurisdiction. See Fla. R. App. P. 9.130(a)(3)(C)(iv).

2 Neither party disputes the validity of the power of attorney or that Louis properly 

exercised her authority on behalf of her mother.

3 The Act is codified at sections 400.022–.0238, Florida Statutes.
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required the arbitrator to apply Florida’s substantive law, its law of remedies,4 and the 

evidentiary burden of proof applicable in Florida in these types of cases, Estate 

nevertheless contended that a separate provision contained in paragraph 8 of the

arbitration agreement, stating that the admissibility of evidence at the arbitration hearing 

shall be determined in accordance with the Alabama Rules of Evidence, improperly 

limited its ability to recover compensatory damages because only punitive damages are 

recoverable in wrongful death claims in Alabama. See Ala. Power Co. v. Turner, 575 So. 

2d 551 (Ala. 1991). Second, Estate argued that another provision within the same 

paragraph required the application of the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure to all prehearing discovery, which Estate asserted improperly limited it to discovery of only those 

negligent acts or omissions that it was able to identify at the outset of the lawsuit. The 

trial court granted Estate’s motion, finding that the arbitration agreement violated public 

policy and was void because it limits Estate's ability to recover all available damages and 

also increased its evidentiary burden of proof. The court also ruled that these two 

provisions in paragraph 8 of the arbitration agreement were not severable from the rest 

of the agreement “because it will create more confusion among arbitrators regarding 

applicable procedures and evidence rules.” 

The standard of review of a trial court's order on a motion to compel arbitration is

de novo. See Laizure v. Avante at Leesburg, Inc., 44 So. 3d 1254, 1256 (Fla. 5th DCA 

2010). Additionally, “a] trial court's decision regarding whether an arbitration agreement 

or provision is void as against public policy presents ‘a pure question of law, subject

 

4 The agreement requires the arbitrator to “apply the substantive law (and the law 

of remedies, if applicable) of the State in which the facility is located.” The facility is 

located in Florida.
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to de novo review.’” Fi-Evergreen Woods, LLC v. Estate of Vrastil, 118 So. 3d 859, 862 

(Fla. 5th DCA 2013) (quoting Shotts v. OP Winter Haven, Inc., 86 So. 3d 456, 471 (Fla. 

2011)).

The public policy of the Florida Nursing Home Resident's Rights Act is to provide 

rights for, and to protect, nursing home residents. Shotts, 86 So. 3d at 474. Under the

Act, a resident may recover actual and punitive damages for the violation of these rights 

or for negligence, § 400.023(1)(c), Fla. Stat. (2016), and there are no caps for pain and 

suffering damages. Here, while the arbitration agreement specifically provides that the 

arbitrator apply Florida substantive law, including its law of remedies, which allow for an 

award of both compensatory and punitive damages, the application of the Alabama Rules 

of Evidence under the arbitration agreement may preclude Estate from presenting

evidence at the arbitration hearing as to its compensatory damages, contrary to the 

remedial purpose of the Act. 

Northport reminds the court that in Hancock v. Northport Health Services of 

Florida, LLC, 150 So. 3d 1262 (Fla. 5th DCA 2014), we affirmed an order compelling 

arbitration, determining that these identical arbitration provisions in the arbitration 

agreement did not limit a resident’s available remedies under the Act and that no 

convincing argument was made as to why the application of Alabama’s procedural rules 

would be problematic. 150 So. 3d at 1263. Estate responds that Hancock is not 

dispositive because the appellant there did not raise the specific argument being raised 

here as to the unenforceability of the agreement. Northport alternatively asserts that the 

arbitration agreement contains a severability clause providing that in the event any 

provision of the agreement is held to be unenforceable for any reason, the remainder of 
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the agreement “shall remain in full force and effect and shall be enforceable in accordance 

with its terms.”

A “contract is severable where . . . with the illegal portion eliminated, there still 

remains of the contract valid legal promises on one side which are wholly supported by 

valid legal promises on the other.” Shotts, 86 So. 3d at 475 (quoting Local No. 234 of 

United Ass'n of Journeymen & Apprentices of Plumbing & Pipefitting Indus. of U.S. & 

Can. v. Henley & Beckwith, Inc., 66 So. 2d 818, 821-22 (Fla. 1953)). The dispositive 

issue of whether a void clause or clauses invalidate the entire arbitration agreement is 

whether the offending clause goes to “the very essence of the agreement.” Rockledge 

NH, LLC v. Miley By & Through Miley, 219 So. 3d 246, 248 (Fla. 5th DCA 2017) (quoting 

Shotts, 86 So. 3d at 478). 

 Estate is correct that the appellant in Hancock did not raise the specific argument

being made here. Nevertheless, we conclude that the provision of the arbitration 

agreement requiring application of the Alabama Rules of Evidence at the arbitration 

hearing is severable because it concerns procedure and not the substantive law or 

remedies under Florida law to which the parties specifically agreed. Thus, this provision 

does not go to the “very essence” of the arbitration agreement. Lastly, we again hold, as 

we did in Hancock, that no convincing argument has been raised as to why the application 

of the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure to the parties’ conduct of pre-hearing discovery 

is problematic. Accordingly, we hold that the trial court erred in denying the motion to 

compel arbitration.
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REVERSED and REMANDED with directions that the trial court grant Northport’s 

motion to compel and sever from the arbitration agreement the provision applying the 

Alabama Rules of Evidence to the admissibility of evidence at the arbitration hearing.

COHEN, C.J. and EISNAUGLE, J., concur.