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[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 5131 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>

118th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 5131

  To advance a competitive strategy against the People's Republic of 
                     China, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           September 19, 2024

  Mr. Risch (for himself, Mr. Ricketts, Mr. Young, Mr. Barrasso, Mr. 
Crapo, Mr. Cassidy, Mr. Sullivan, Mr. Romney, Mr. Cornyn, Mr. Grassley, 
 and Mrs. Capito) introduced the following bill; which was read twice 
           and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
  To advance a competitive strategy against the People's Republic of 
                     China, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``STRATEGIC Act of 
2024''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
      TITLE I--COUNTERING CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY MALIGN INFLUENCE

 Subtitle A--Amendments to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938

Sec. 101. Definitions.
Sec. 102. Treatment of certain exemptions under the Foreign Agents 
                            Registration Act of 1938.
Sec. 103. Foreign agents registration criminal enforcement.
Sec. 104. Foreign agents registration civil enforcement.
Sec. 105. Authorizing the Attorney General to issue civil investigative 
                            demands to promote enforcement of 
                            disclosure requirements for agents of 
                            foreign principals.
Sec. 106. Effective date.
       Subtitle B--Other Actions To Counter CCP Malign Influence

Sec. 111. Prohibition on certain gifts and contracts from the PRC to 
                            certain United States institutions.
Sec. 112. Requirement for think tanks to disclose foreign funding.
Sec. 113. Amendment to the Mutual Education and Cultural Exchange Act 
                            of 1961.
Sec. 114. Establishment of Countering the People's Republic of China 
                            Influence Fund.
Sec. 115. Notification requirement for participation of Department of 
                            State and USAID officials in private events 
                            that include the participation of specially 
                            designated and blocked persons.
Sec. 116. Determination with respect to imposition of sanctions with 
                            respect to United Front Work Department of 
                            Chinese Communist Party.
Sec. 117. Department of State list of foreign talent recruitment 
                            programs of the PRC.
Sec. 118. Oversight on climate cooperation with the PRC.
Sec. 119. Restriction on issuance of visas.
Sec. 120. Modifying information about countries exporting 
                            methamphetamine included in the annual 
                            international narcotics control strategy 
                            report.
Sec. 121. Report on violations of American Diplomatic Corps privileges 
                            and immunities.
Sec. 122. Annual report on the PRC's diplomatic mission engagements.
Sec. 123. Restrictions on foreign missions of the PRC in elementary and 
                            secondary schools in the United States.
Sec. 124. Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging 
                            Technology.
Sec. 125. Enhanced congressional notification regarding science and 
                            technology agreements with the PRC.
   TITLE II--ADVANCING UNITED STATES AND PARTNER ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

Sec. 201. Defined term.
Sec. 202. Authorization of partnership for global infrastructure and 
                            investment.
Sec. 203. Global Strategic Infrastructure Investment Fund.
Sec. 204. Infrastructure transaction and assistance network.
Sec. 205. Regulatory exchanges with allies and partners.
Sec. 206. Authorization to assist United States companies with global 
                            supply chain diversification and 
                            management.
Sec. 207. Investing in talent in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, 
                            Sub-saharan Africa, and Latin America.
Sec. 208. Pilot program to audit barriers to commerce in developing 
                            partner countries.
Sec. 209. Promoting adoption of United Nations convention on the 
                            assignment of receivables in international 
                            trade.
Sec. 210. Opposing the provision of assistance to the People's Republic 
                            of China by the multilateral development 
                            banks.
Sec. 211. Prohibiting funding for the Montreal Protocol on substances 
                            that deplete the ozone layer and the United 
                            Nations framework convention on climate 
                            change until China is no longer defined as 
                            a developing country.
       TITLE III--COUNTERING CHINA'S PREDATORY ECONOMIC PRACTICES

                Subtitle A--Countering Economic Coercion

Sec. 301. Short title.
Sec. 302. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 303. Definitions.
Sec. 304. Determination of economic coercion.
Sec. 305. Authorities to respond to economic coercion.
Sec. 306. Coordination with allies and partners.
Sec. 307. Expedited consideration of economic coercion response 
                            package.
Sec. 308. Process for joint resolutions of disapproval.
 Subtitle B--Other Matters To Counter Predatory Economic Practices by 
                     the People's Republic of China

Sec. 311. Predatory pricing by entities owned, controlled, or directed 
                            by a foreign state.
Sec. 312. Expansion of offense of theft of trade secrets to include 
                            unauthorized development of products and 
                            digital articles.
Sec. 313. Review of petitions related to intellectual property theft 
                            and forced technology transfer.
Sec. 314. Fostering energy development aligned with partner country 
                            needs.
Sec. 315. Opposition of United States to an increase in weight of 
                            Chinese renminbi in Special Drawing Rights 
                            basket of International Monetary Fund.
Sec. 316. Strengthening congressional oversight of Special Drawing 
                            Rights at International Monetary Fund.
Sec. 317. Security and oversight for international landholdings.
Sec. 318. Intellectual property violators list.
Sec. 319. Annual review of the presence of Chinese companies in United 
                            States capital markets.
Sec. 320. Prohibition on availability of funds for procurement of 
                            certain batteries.
Sec. 321. Ending support for PRC contracts at the World Bank.
Sec. 322. Report on United States development efforts to counter the 
                            PRC's Belt and Road Initiative.
      TITLE IV--STRENGTHENING SECURITY ALLIANCES AND PARTNERSHIPS

              Subtitle A--International Security Partners

Sec. 401. Defined term.
Sec. 402. Restriction on Track 1.5 dialogues with the People's Republic 
                            of China.
Sec. 403. Refocusing international security efforts for strategic 
                            competition.
Sec. 404. Report on diplomatic outreach with respect to PRC military 
                            installations overseas.
Sec. 405. Limitation on assistance to countries hosting PRC military 
                            installations.
Sec. 406. Amendment to the Stop Harboring Iranian Petroleum Act.
Sec. 407. Missile Technology Control Regime provisions.
Sec. 408. Strengthening extended nuclear deterrence in the Korean 
                            theater of operations.
              Subtitle B--Indo-Pacific Allies and Partners

                             PART I--Taiwan

Sec. 411. Development of economic tools to deter aggression by People's 
                            Republic of China against Taiwan.
Sec. 412. Treatment of the Government of Taiwan.
Sec. 413. War reserve stock program for Taiwan.
Sec. 414. Proper treatment of Taiwan government representatives.
Sec. 415. American Institute in Taiwan.
           PART II--South China and East China Sea Sanctions

Sec. 421. Short title.
Sec. 422. Sanctions with respect to Chinese persons responsible for 
                            China's activities in the South China Sea 
                            and the East China Sea.
Sec. 423. Sense of Congress regarding portrayals of the South China Sea 
                            or the East China Sea as part of China.
Sec. 424. Sense of Congress on 2016 Permanent Court of Arbitration's 
                            tribunal ruling on arbitration case between 
                            the Philippines and the People's Republic 
                            of China.
Sec. 425. Report on countries that recognize Chinese sovereignty over 
                            the South China Sea or the East China Sea.
                       PART III--Pacific Islands

Sec. 431. Establishing a senior official for the compacts of free 
                            association at the Department of State.
Sec. 432. Enhancement of diplomatic support and economic engagement 
                            with Pacific island countries.
             PART IV--Indian Ocean Region Strategic Review

Sec. 441. Short title.
Sec. 442. Findings.
Sec. 443. Statement of policy.
Sec. 444. Definitions.
Sec. 445. Strategy and implementation plan relating to the Indian Ocean 
                            region.
Sec. 446. Modification to United States-China Economic and Security 
                            Review Commission.
   Subtitle C--Countering Espionage and Surveillance Entities in Cuba

Sec. 451. Short titles.
Sec. 452. Imposition of sanctions with respect to military and 
                            intelligence facilities of the People's 
                            Republic of China in Cuba.
Sec. 453. Codification of Cuba restricted list.
                 Subtitle D--Countering China Globally

Sec. 461. Sense of Congress regarding China's support for Russia in 
                            Ukraine.
Sec. 462. Enhancing United States-Africa trade and investment for 
                            prosperity.
Sec. 463. Report on Horn of Africa.
Sec. 464. Amendment to Jackson-Vanik amendment.
   Subtitle E--United States Interests in International Organizations

Sec. 471. Global peace operations initiative.
Sec. 472. Office on Multilateral Strategy and Personnel.
Sec. 473. Authorization of appropriations for Junior Professional 
                            Officer positions and United States 
                            candidates for leadership positions in 
                            multilateral institutions.
Sec. 474. Safeguarding the integrity of the United Nations system.
Sec. 475. Department of State report on the People's Republic of 
                            China's United Nations peacekeeping 
                            efforts.
 TITLE V--INVESTING IN OUR VALUES THROUGH SANCTIONS AND UNITED NATIONS 
                                REFORMS

Sec. 501. Imposition of sanctions with respects to systematic rape, 
                            coercive abortion, forced sterilization, or 
                            involuntary contraceptive implantation in 
                            the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
Sec. 502. Removal of members of the United Nations Human Rights Council 
                            that commit human rights abuses.
Sec. 503. United Nations policy and international engagement on the 
                            reincarnation of the Dalai Lama and 
                            religious freedom of Tibetan Buddhists.
 TITLE VI--ADVANCING OVERSIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH

Sec. 601. Short title.
Sec. 602. Definitions.
Sec. 603. Statement of policy.
Sec. 604. Amendments to the Secretary of State's authority under the 
                            Arms Control and Disarmament Act.
Sec. 605. Report on threats related to specific dual use research of 
                            concern and other international life 
                            sciences research of concern.
Sec. 606. Report on United States funding research with the PRC.
Sec. 607. Biological and toxin weapons review conference.
Sec. 608. Annual report by the United States Agency for International 
                            Development.
Sec. 609. United Nations agencies, programs, and funds.
Sec. 610. Rule of construction.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--Except as 
        provided in sections 125(b), 210, 211, 303, 313, 323, 411, and 
        452, part IV of subtitle B of title IV, and title VI, the term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives.
            (2) PRC.--The term ``PRC'' means the People's Republic of 
        China.
            (3) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of State.

      TITLE I--COUNTERING CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY MALIGN INFLUENCE

 Subtitle A--Amendments to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938

SEC. 101. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 1 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as 
amended (22 U.S.C. 611) is amended--
            (1) by striking the matter preceding subsection (a) and 
        inserting the following: ``In this Act:'';
            (2) in each of subsections (a), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), 
        (k), (l), (m), (n), and (o), by striking the semicolon at the 
        end and inserting a period;
            (3) in subsection (b), by redesignating paragraphs (1), 
        (2), and (3) as subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C);
            (4) by striking subsections (c) and (d);
            (5) by redesignating subsections (a), (b), (e), (f), (g), 
        (h), (i), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), and (p) as paragraphs (11), 
        (6), (7), (5), (16), (15), (8), (17), (2), (18), (14), (12), 
        and (13), respectively, arranging such paragraphs in numerical 
        order, and moving each such paragraph 2 ems to the right;
            (6) by inserting before paragraph (2), as redesignated, the 
        following:
            ``(1) The term `agent of a foreign principal'--
                    ``(A) means any person who--
                            ``(i)(I) acts as an agent, representative, 
                        employee, servant, or in any other capacity at 
                        the order, request, or under the direction or 
                        control, of--
                                    ``(aa) a foreign principal; or
                                    ``(bb) a person any of whose 
                                activities are directly or indirectly 
                                supervised, directed, controlled, 
                                financed, or subsidized in whole or in 
                                major part by a foreign principal; and
                            ``(II) directly or through any other 
                        person--
                                    ``(aa) engages within the United 
                                States in political activities for or 
                                in the interests of such foreign 
                                principal;
                                    ``(bb) acts within the United 
                                States as a public relations counsel, 
                                publicity agent, information-service 
                                employee, or political consultant for 
                                or in the interests of such foreign 
                                principal;
                                    ``(cc) within the United States, 
                                solicits, collects, disburses, or 
                                dispenses contributions, loans, money, 
                                or other things of value for or in the 
                                interest of such foreign principal; or
                                    ``(dd) within the United States 
                                represents the interests of such 
                                foreign principal before any agency or 
                                official of the Government of the 
                                United States; or
                            ``(ii) agrees, consents, assumes or 
                        purports to act as, or who is or holds himself 
                        or herself out to be, whether or not pursuant 
                        to contractual relationship, a person described 
                        in clause (i); and
                    ``(B) does not include--
                            ``(i) any news or press service or 
                        association organized under the laws of the 
                        United States or of any State or other place 
                        subject to the jurisdiction of the United 
                        States if such entity--
                                    ``(I) is at least 80 percent 
                                beneficially owned by, and its officers 
                                and directors, if any, are, citizens of 
                                the United States; and
                                    ``(II) is not owned, directed, 
                                supervised, controlled, subsidized, or 
                                financed, and none of its policies are 
                                determined, by any foreign principal or 
                                by any agent of a foreign principal 
                                required to register under this Act; or
                            ``(ii) any newspaper, magazine, periodical, 
                        or other publication for which there is on file 
                        with the United States Postal Service 
                        information in compliance with section 3685 of 
                        title 39, United States Code, published in the 
                        United States, solely by virtue of any bona 
                        fide news or journalistic activities, including 
                        the solicitation or acceptance of 
                        advertisements, subscriptions, or other 
                        compensation if it meets the conditions set 
                        forth in subclause (I) and (II) of clause 
                        (i).'';
            (7) by inserting after paragraph (2), as redesignated, the 
        following:
            ``(3) The term `appropriate committees of Congress' means--
                    ``(A) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;
                    ``(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    ``(C) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House 
                of Representatives; and
                    ``(D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives.
            ``(4) The term `documentary material' includes the original 
        or any copy of any book, record, report, memorandum, paper, 
        communication, tabulation, chart, or other document, or data 
        compilations stored in or accessible through computer or other 
        information retrieval systems, together with instructions and 
        all other materials necessary to use or interpret such data 
        compilations, and any product of discovery.'';
            (8) by inserting after paragraph (8), as redesignated, the 
        following:
            ``(9) The term `investigation' means any inquiry conducted 
        for the purpose of ascertaining whether any person is or has 
        been engaged in any violation of this Act.
            ``(10) The term `Lobbying Disclosure Act exemption' means 
        the exemption set forth in section 3(h).''.

SEC. 102. TREATMENT OF CERTAIN EXEMPTIONS UNDER THE FOREIGN AGENTS 
              REGISTRATION ACT OF 1938.

    (a) In General.--Section 3 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act 
of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 613) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subsection (a), by inserting 
        ``, except as provided in subsection (i)'' after 
        ``principals''-; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Limitations.--
            ``(1) In general.--The exemptions under subsections (d)(1), 
        (d)(2), and (h) shall not apply to any agent of a foreign 
        principal that is organized under the law of or has its 
        principal place of business or residence in 1 of the identified 
        countries listed in paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Identified countries.--The countries described in 
        this paragraph are:
                    ``(A) the People's Republic of China.
                    ``(B) the Russian Federation.
                    ``(C) the Islamic Republic of Iran.''.
    (b) Modification to Countries.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
        Attorney General of the United States, may propose the addition 
        or deletion of countries listed in section 3(i)(2) of the 
        Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, as added 
        by subsection (a).
            (2) Submission.--Any proposal described in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) shall be submitted to the Chairman and Ranking 
                Member of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate and the Chairman and Ranking Member of the 
                Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                    (B) shall become effective upon enactment of a 
                joint resolution of approval as described in subsection 
                (c).
    (c) Joint Resolution of Approval.--
            (1) In general.--For purposes of subsection (b), the term 
        ``joint resolution of approval'' only means a joint 
        resolution--
                    (A) that does not have a preamble;
                    (B) that includes in the matter after the resolving 
                clause the following: ``That Congress approves the 
                modification of countries relating to the treatment of 
                certain exemptions under the Foreign Agents 
                Registration Act of 1938, as amended, as submitted by 
                the Secretary on ____; and section 3(i) of the Foreign 
                Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 
                613) is amended by ______.'', the blank spaces being 
                appropriately filled in with the appropriate date and 
                the amendatory language required to add or delete 1 or 
                more countries from the list of countries described in 
                section 3(i) of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 
                1938, as amended, as added by subsection (a)(2), 
                respectively; and
                    (C) the title of which is as follows: ``Joint 
                resolution approving modifications to countries 
                relating to the treatment of certain exemptions under 
                the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as 
                amended.''.
            (2) Referral.--
                    (A) Senate.--A resolution described in paragraph 
                (1) that is introduced in the Senate shall be referred 
                to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
                    (B) House of representatives.--A resolution 
                described in paragraph (1) that is introduced in the 
                House of Representatives shall be referred to the 
                Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
                Representatives.
    (d) Sunset.--This section and the amendments made by this section 
shall terminate on October 1, 2028.

SEC. 103. FOREIGN AGENTS REGISTRATION CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Increased Criminal Penalties.--Section 8 of the Foreign Agents 
Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 618) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``$10,000 or by 
        imprisonment for not more than five years, or both, except that 
        in the case of a violation of subsection (b), (e), or (f) of 
        section 4 or of subsection (g) or (h) of this section the 
        punishment shall be a fine of not more than $5,000 or 
        imprisonment for not more than six months'' and inserting 
        ``$200,000 or by imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or 
        both, except that in the case of a violation of subsection (b), 
        (e), or (f) of section 4 or of subsection (g), (h), or (i) of 
        this section the punishment shall be a fine of not more than 
        $15,000 or imprisonment for not more than 6 months''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Congressional Notification.--It shall be unlawful for any 
agent of a foreign principal registered under this Act to willfully 
fail to disclose before or during any meeting with a Member of Congress 
(as defined in section 3 of the Lobbying and Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 
U.S.C. 1602) or a member of the staff of a Member or committee of 
Congress that such agent is registered under this Act.''.

SEC. 104. FOREIGN AGENTS REGISTRATION CIVIL ENFORCEMENT.

    Section 8 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as 
amended (22 U.S.C. 618), as amended by section 103, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) Civil Enforcement.--
            ``(1) Civil penalties.--
                    ``(A) Registration statements.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Any person who is 
                        required to register under this Act and fails 
                        to file a timely or complete registration 
                        statement in accordance with section 2(a) shall 
                        be subject to a civil fine of not more than 
                        $10,000 for each such violation, without regard 
                        to the state of mind of such person.
                            ``(ii) No fines paid by foreign 
                        principals.--If a person is subject to a civil 
                        fine under clause (i), the civil fine may not 
                        be paid, directly or indirectly, by a foreign 
                        principal.
                    ``(B) Supplements.--Any person who is required to 
                file a supplement to a registration statement under 
                section 2(b) and fails to file a timely or complete 
                supplement in accordance with such section shall be 
                subject to a civil fine of not more than $1,000 for 
                each such violation, without regard to the state of 
                mind of such person.
                    ``(C) Failure to remedy deficient filings.--Any 
                person who is required to file a registration statement 
                under this Act, receives notice pursuant to subsection 
                (g) that the registration statement filed by the person 
                is deficient, and knowingly fails to remedy the 
                deficiency within 60 days after receiving such notice 
                shall, upon proof by a preponderance of the evidence of 
                such knowing failure to remedy the deficiency, be 
                subject to a civil fine of not more than $200,000, 
                depending on the extent and gravity of the violation.
                    ``(D) Other violations.--Any person who knowingly 
                fails to comply with any other provision of this Act 
                shall, upon proof by a preponderance of the evidence of 
                such knowing failure to comply, be subject to a civil 
                fine of not more than $200,000, depending on the extent 
                and gravity of the violation.
            ``(2) Use of fines.--All fines collected under this 
        subsection shall be used to defray the cost of enforcing this 
        Act.''.

SEC. 105. AUTHORIZING THE ATTORNEY GENERAL TO ISSUE CIVIL INVESTIGATIVE 
              DEMANDS TO PROMOTE ENFORCEMENT OF DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS 
              FOR AGENTS OF FOREIGN PRINCIPALS.

    The Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 
611 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating sections 9 through 14 (22 U.S.C. 619 
        through ), as sections 10 through 15, respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after section 8, as amended by sections 
        103 and 104, the following:

``SEC. 9. CIVIL INVESTIGATIVE DEMANDS CONCERNING REGISTRATION OF AGENTS 
              OF FOREIGN PRINCIPALS.

    ``(a) Authority of the Attorney General.--
            ``(1) Authority described.--Whenever the Attorney General 
        or the Attorney General's designee has reason to believe that 
        any person may be in possession, custody, or control of any 
        documentary material, or may have any information, relevant to 
        an investigation under this Act, the Attorney General or such 
        designee may, before instituting a civil or criminal proceeding 
        on behalf of the United States with respect to such person, 
        issue in writing, and cause to be served upon such person, a 
        civil investigative demand requiring such person--
                    ``(A) to produce such documentary material for 
                inspection and copying or reproduction;
                    ``(B) to provide written answers to written 
                interrogatories with respect to such documentary 
                material or information;
                    ``(C) to give oral testimony concerning such 
                documentary material or information; or
                    ``(D) to furnish any combination of such material, 
                answers, or testimony.
            ``(2) Express demands.--Whenever a civil investigative 
        demand is an express demand for any product of discovery, the 
        Attorney General or the Attorney General's designee shall--
                    ``(A) cause to be served, in any manner authorized 
                under this section, a copy of such demand upon the 
                person from whom the discovery was obtained; and
                    ``(B) notify the person to whom such demand is 
                issued of the date on which such copy was served.
            ``(3) Limiting individuals who may serve as designees.--The 
        Attorney General may not designate any individual other than 
        the Assistant Attorney General for National Security or a 
        Deputy Attorney General to carry out the authority provided 
        under this subsection.
    ``(b) Contents and Deadlines.--
            ``(1) In general.--Each demand issued pursuant to 
        subsection (a) shall--
                    ``(A) state the nature of the conduct constituting 
                the alleged violation of this Act that is under 
                investigation and the provision of this Act alleged to 
                have been violated;
                    ``(B) if such demand is for the production of 
                documentary material--
                            ``(i) describe each class of documentary 
                        material to be produced with such definiteness 
                        and certainty as to permit such material to be 
                        fairly identified;
                            ``(ii) prescribe a return date for each 
                        such class which will provide a reasonable 
                        period of time within which the material so 
                        demanded may be assembled and made available 
                        for inspection and copying or reproduction; and
                            ``(iii) identify the custodian to whom such 
                        material shall be made available;
                    ``(C) if such demand is for answers to written 
                interrogatories--
                            ``(i) set forth with specificity the 
                        written interrogatories to be answered;
                            ``(ii) prescribe dates by when answers to 
                        written interrogatories shall be submitted; and
                            ``(iii) identify the custodian to whom such 
                        answers shall be submitted; and
                    ``(D) if such demand is for the giving of oral 
                testimony--
                            ``(i) prescribe a date, time, and place at 
                        which oral testimony shall be commenced;
                            ``(ii) identify an investigator who shall 
                        conduct the examination and the custodian to 
                        whom the transcript of such examination shall 
                        be submitted;
                            ``(iii) specify that such attendance and 
                        testimony are necessary to the conduct of the 
                        investigation;
                            ``(iv) notify the person receiving the 
                        demand of the right to be accompanied by an 
                        attorney and any other representative; and
                            ``(v) describe the general purpose for 
                        which the demand is being issued and the 
                        general nature of the testimony, including the 
                        primary areas of inquiry, which will be taken 
                        pursuant to the demand.
            ``(2) Product of discovery.--Any civil investigative demand 
        issued pursuant to this section that is an express demand for 
        any product of discovery may not be returned or returnable 
        until 20 days after a copy of such demand has been served upon 
        the person from whom the discovery was obtained.
            ``(3) Date.--The date prescribed for the commencement of 
        oral testimony pursuant to a civil investigative demand issued 
        under subsection (a) shall be a date that is not earlier than 7 
        days after the date on which demand is received, unless the 
        Attorney General or the Attorney General's designee determines 
        that exceptional circumstances warrant that such testimony 
        commence sooner.
            ``(4) Notification.--The Attorney General may not authorize 
        the issuance of more than 1 civil investigative demand under 
        this section for oral testimony by the same person unless--
                    ``(A) such person requests otherwise; or
                    ``(B) the Attorney General, after investigation, 
                notifies such person in writing that an additional 
                demand for oral testimony is necessary.
    ``(c) Protected Material or Information.--
            ``(1) In general.--A civil investigative demand issued 
        pursuant to subsection (a) may not require the production of 
        any documentary material, the submission of any answers to 
        written interrogatories, or the giving of any oral testimony if 
        such material, answers, or testimony would be protected from 
        disclosure under--
                    ``(A) the standards applicable to subpoenas or 
                subpoenas duces tecum issued by a court of the United 
                States in aid of a grand jury investigation; or
                    ``(B) the standards applicable to discovery 
                requests under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, to 
                the extent that the application of such standards to 
                any such demand is appropriate and consistent with the 
                provisions and purposes of this Act.
            ``(2) Effect on other orders, rules, and laws.--Any such 
        demand that is an express demand for any product of discovery 
        supersedes any inconsistent order, rule, or provision of law 
        (other than this Act) preventing or restraining disclosure of 
        such product of discovery to any person. Disclosure of any 
        product of discovery pursuant to any such express demand does 
        not constitute a waiver of any right or privilege, including 
        without limitation any right or privilege which may be invoked 
        to resist discovery of trial preparation materials, to which 
        the person making such disclosure may be entitled.
    ``(d) Service; Jurisdiction.--
            ``(1) By whom served.--Any civil investigative demand 
        issued pursuant to subsection (a) may be served by an 
        appropriate investigator, or by a United States marshal or 
        deputy marshal, at any place within the territorial 
        jurisdiction of any court of the United States.
            ``(2) Service in foreign nations.--Any such demand or 
        petition filed pursuant to subsection (k) may be served upon 
        any person who is not to be found within the territorial 
        jurisdiction of any court of the United States, in such manner 
        as the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure prescribe for service 
        in a foreign country. To the extent that the courts of the 
        United States can assert jurisdiction over any such person 
        consistent with due process, the United States District Court 
        for the District of Columbia shall have the same jurisdiction 
        to take any action respecting compliance with this Act by any 
        such person that such court would have if such person were 
        personally within the jurisdiction of such court.
    ``(e) Service Upon Legal Entities and Natural Persons.--
            ``(1) Legal entities.--Service of any civil investigative 
        demand issued pursuant to subsection (a) or of any petition 
        filed pursuant to subsection (k) may be made upon a 
        partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity 
        by--
                    ``(A) delivering a duly executed copy of such 
                demand or petition to any partner, executive officer, 
                managing agent, or general agent of the partnership, 
                corporation, association, or entity, or to any agent 
                thereof authorized by appointment or by law to receive 
                service of process on behalf of such partnership, 
                corporation, association, or entity;
                    ``(B) delivering a duly executed copy of such 
                demand or petition to the principal office or place of 
                business of the partnership, corporation, association, 
                or entity to be served; or
                    ``(C) depositing an executed copy of such demand or 
                petition in the United States mails by registered or 
                certified mail, with a return receipt requested, duly 
                addressed to such partnership, corporation, 
                association, or entity at its principal office or place 
                of business.
            ``(2) Natural persons.--Service of any such demand or 
        petition may be made upon any natural person by--
                    ``(A) delivering a duly executed copy of such 
                demand or petition to the person to be served; or
                    ``(B) depositing an executed copy of such demand or 
                petition in the United States mails by registered or 
                certified mail, with a return receipt requested, duly 
                addressed to such person at the person's residence or 
                principal office or place of business.
    ``(f) Proof of Service.--A verified return by the individual 
serving any civil investigative demand pursuant to subsection (a) or 
any petition filed pursuant to subsection (k) setting forth the manner 
of such service shall be proof of such service. In the case of service 
by registered or certified mail, such return shall be accompanied by 
the return post office receipt of delivery of such demand.
    ``(g) Documentary Material.--
            ``(1) Sworn certificates.--The production of documentary 
        material in response to a civil investigative demand served 
        pursuant to this section shall be made under a sworn 
        certificate, in such form as the demand designates, by--
                    ``(A) in the case of a natural person, the person 
                to whom the demand is directed; or
                    ``(B) in the case of a person other than a natural 
                person, a person having knowledge of the facts and 
                circumstances relating to such production and 
                authorized to act on behalf of such person,
        to the effect that all of the documentary material required by 
        the demand and in the possession, custody, or control of the 
        person to whom the demand is directed has been produced and 
        made available to the custodian.
            ``(2) Production of materials.--Any person upon whom any 
        civil investigative demand for the production of documentary 
        material has been served pursuant to this section shall make 
        such material available for inspection and copying to the 
        investigator identified in such demand at the principal place 
        of business of such person, or at such other place as the 
        investigator and the person thereafter may agree and prescribe 
        in writing, or as the court may direct pursuant to subsection 
        (k)(1). Such material shall be made so available on the return 
        date specified in such demand, or on such later date as the 
        investigator may prescribe in writing. Such person may, upon 
        written agreement between the person and the investigator, 
        substitute copies for originals of all or any part of such 
        material.
    ``(h) Interrogatories.--
            ``(1) Answers.--Each interrogatory in a civil investigative 
        demand served pursuant to this section shall be--
                    ``(A) answered separately and fully in writing 
                under oath; and
                    ``(B) submitted under a sworn certificate, in such 
                form as the demand designates, by--
                            ``(i) in the case of a natural person, the 
                        person to whom the demand is directed; or
                            ``(ii) in the case of a person other than a 
                        natural person, the person or persons 
                        responsible for answering each interrogatory.
            ``(2) Contents of certificates.--Each certificate submitted 
        pursuant to paragraph (1)(B) shall state that all information 
        required by the demand and in the possession, custody, control, 
        or knowledge of the person to whom the demand is directed has 
        been submitted. To the extent that any information is not 
        furnished, the information shall be identified and reasons set 
        forth with particularity regarding the reasons why the 
        information was not furnished.
            ``(3) Objections.--If any interrogatory is objected to, the 
        reasons for the objection shall be stated in the certificate 
        instead of an answer.
    ``(i) Oral Examinations.--
            ``(1) Procedures.--The examination of any person pursuant 
        to a civil investigative demand for oral testimony served 
        pursuant to this section shall be taken before an officer 
        authorized to administer oaths and affirmations by the laws of 
        the United States or of the place where the examination is 
        held. The officer before whom the testimony is to be taken 
        shall place the witness under oath or affirmation and shall 
        personally, or by someone acting under the direction of the 
        officer and in the officer's presence, record the testimony of 
        the witness. The testimony shall be taken stenographically and 
        transcribed. When the testimony is fully transcribed, the 
        officer before whom the testimony is taken shall promptly 
        transmit a copy of the transcript of the testimony to the 
        custodian. Nothing in this subsection may be construed to 
        preclude the taking of testimony by any means authorized by, 
        and in a manner consistent with, the Federal Rules of Civil 
        Procedure.
            ``(2) Persons present.--The investigator conducting the 
        examination shall exclude from the place where the examination 
        is held all persons except the person giving the testimony, the 
        attorney for and any other representative of the person giving 
        the testimony, the attorney for the Government, any person who 
        may be agreed upon by the attorney for the Government and the 
        person giving the testimony, the officer before whom the 
        testimony is to be taken, and any stenographer taking such 
        testimony.
            ``(3) Where testimony taken.--The oral testimony of any 
        person taken pursuant to a civil investigative demand served 
        pursuant to this section shall be taken in the judicial 
        district of the United States within which such person resides, 
        is found, or transacts business, or in such other place as may 
        be agreed upon by the investigator conducting the examination 
        and such person.
            ``(4) Transcript of testimony.--When the testimony is fully 
        transcribed, the investigator or the officer before whom the 
        testimony is taken shall afford the witness (who may be 
        accompanied by counsel) a reasonable opportunity to examine and 
        read the transcript, unless such examination and reading are 
        waived by the witness. Any changes in form or substance which 
        the witness desires to make shall be entered and identified 
        upon the transcript by the officer or the investigator with a 
        statement of the reasons given by the witness for making such 
        changes. The transcript shall be signed by the witness, unless 
        the witness in writing waives the signing, is ill, cannot be 
        found, or refuses to sign. If the transcript is not signed by 
        the witness within 30 days after being afforded a reasonable 
        opportunity to examine it, the officer or the investigator 
        shall sign it and state on the record the fact of the waiver, 
        illness, absence of the witness, or the refusal to sign, 
        together with the reason, if any, given for such circumstance.
            ``(5) Certification and delivery to custodian.--The officer 
        before whom the testimony is taken shall certify on the 
        transcript that the witness was duly sworn by the officer and 
        that the transcript is a true record of the testimony given by 
        the witness. The officer or investigator shall promptly deliver 
        the transcript or send it by registered or certified mail to 
        the custodian.
            ``(6) Furnishing or inspection of transcript by witness.--
        Upon payment of reasonable charges, the investigator shall 
        furnish a copy of the transcript to the witness only, except 
        that the Attorney General, or the Attorney General's designee 
        may, for good cause, limit such witness to inspection of the 
        official transcript of the witness's testimony.
            ``(7) Conduct of oral testimony.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Any person compelled to appear 
                for oral testimony under a civil investigative demand 
                issued pursuant to subsection (a) may be accompanied, 
                represented, and advised by counsel. Counsel may advise 
                such person, in confidence, with respect to any 
                question asked of such person. Such person or counsel 
                may object on the record to any question, in whole or 
                in part, and shall briefly state for the record the 
                reason for such objection. An objection may be made, 
                received, and entered upon the record when it is 
                claimed that such person is entitled to refuse to 
                answer the question on the grounds of any 
                constitutional or other legal right or privilege, 
                including the privilege against self-incrimination. 
                Such person may not otherwise object to or refuse to 
                answer any question, and may not directly or through 
                counsel otherwise interrupt the oral examination. If 
                such person refuses to answer any question, a petition 
                may be filed in the district court of the United States 
                pursuant to subsection (k)(1) for an order compelling 
                such person to answer such question.
                    ``(B) Compelled testimony.--If a person described 
                in subparagraph (A) refuses to answer any question on 
                the grounds of the privilege against self-
                incrimination, the testimony of such person may be 
                compelled in accordance with the provisions of part V 
                of title 18, United States Code.
            ``(8) Witness fees and allowances.--Any person appearing 
        for oral testimony under a civil investigative demand issued 
        pursuant to subsection (a) shall be entitled to the same fees 
        and allowances that are paid to witnesses in the district 
        courts of the United States.
    ``(j) Custodians of Documents, Answers, and Transcripts.--
            ``(1) Designation.--The Attorney General, or the Attorney 
        General's designee shall designate--
                    ``(A) an investigator to serve as custodian of 
                documentary material, answers to interrogatories, and 
                transcripts of oral testimony received under this 
                section; and
                    ``(B) such additional investigators as the Attorney 
                General or designee determines from time to time to be 
                necessary to serve as deputies of the custodian.
            ``(2) Responsibility for materials; disclosure.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An investigator who receives any 
                documentary material, answers to interrogatories, or 
                transcripts of oral testimony under this section shall 
                transmit such material to the custodian, who--
                            ``(i) shall take physical possession of 
                        such material, answers, or transcripts; and
                            ``(ii) shall be responsible for the use 
                        made of them and for the return of documentary 
                        material in accordance with paragraph (4).
                    ``(B) Preparation.--The custodian may cause the 
                preparation of such copies of such documentary 
                material, answers to interrogatories, or transcripts of 
                oral testimony as may be required for official use by 
                any investigator, or other officer or employee of the 
                Department of Justice. Such material, answers, and 
                transcripts may be used by any such authorized 
                investigator or other officer or employee in connection 
                with the taking of oral testimony under this section.
                    ``(C) No examination.--Except as otherwise provided 
                in this subsection, no documentary material, answers to 
                interrogatories, or transcripts of oral testimony, or 
                copies thereof, while in the possession of the 
                custodian, may be made available for examination by any 
                individual other than an investigator or other officer 
                or employee of the Department of Justice authorized 
                under subparagraph (B). Such prohibition on the 
                availability of material, answers, or transcripts shall 
                not apply if consent is given by the person who 
                produced such material, answers, or transcripts, or, in 
                the case of any product of discovery produced pursuant 
                to an express demand for such material, consent is 
                given by the person from whom the discovery was 
                obtained. Nothing in this subparagraph may be construed 
                to prevent disclosure to Congress, including any 
                congressional committee or subcommittee, or to any 
                other agency of the United States for use by such 
                agency in furtherance of its statutory 
                responsibilities.
                    ``(D) Examination by certain persons.--While in the 
                possession of the custodian and under such reasonable 
                terms and conditions as the Attorney General shall 
                prescribe--
                            ``(i) documentary material and answers to 
                        interrogatories shall be available for 
                        examination by the person who produced such 
                        material or answers, or by a representative of 
                        that person authorized by that person to 
                        examine such material and answers; and
                            ``(ii) transcripts of oral testimony shall 
                        be available for examination by the person who 
                        produced such testimony, or by a representative 
                        of that person authorized by that person to 
                        examine such transcripts.
            ``(3) Use of material, answers, or transcripts in other 
        proceedings.--Whenever any attorney of the Department of 
        Justice has been designated to appear before any court, grand 
        jury, or Federal agency in any case or proceeding, the 
        custodian of any documentary material, answers to 
        interrogatories, or transcripts of oral testimony received 
        under this section may deliver to such attorney such material, 
        answers, or transcripts for official use in connection with any 
        such case or proceeding as such attorney determines to be 
        required. Upon the completion of any such case or proceeding, 
        such attorney shall return to the custodian any such material, 
        answers, or transcripts so delivered that have not passed into 
        the control of such court, grand jury, or agency through the 
        introduction thereof into the record of such case or 
        proceeding.
            ``(4) Conditions for return of material.--The custodian, 
        upon written request of the person who produced any documentary 
        material in the course of any investigation pursuant to a civil 
        investigative demand under this section, shall return to such 
        person any such material (other than copies furnished to the 
        investigator pursuant to subsection (g)(2) or made for the 
        Department of Justice pursuant to paragraph (2)(B)) that has 
        not passed into the control of any court, grand jury, or agency 
        through introduction into the record of such case or proceeding 
        if--
                    ``(A) any case or proceeding before the court or 
                grand jury arising out of such investigation, or any 
                proceeding before any Federal agency involving such 
                material, has been completed; or
                    ``(B) no case or proceeding in which such material 
                may be used has been commenced within a reasonable time 
                after completion of the examination and analysis of all 
                documentary material and other information assembled in 
                the course of such investigation.
            ``(5) Appointment of successor custodians.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In the event of the death, 
                disability, or separation from service in the 
                Department of Justice of the custodian of any 
                documentary material, answers to interrogatories, or 
                transcripts of oral testimony produced pursuant to a 
                civil investigative demand under this section, or in 
                the event of the official relief of such custodian from 
                responsibility for the custody and control of such 
                material, answers, or transcripts, the Attorney General 
                or the Attorney General's designee shall promptly--
                            ``(i) designate another investigator to 
                        serve as custodian of such material, answers, 
                        or transcripts; and
                            ``(ii) transmit in writing to the person 
                        who produced such material, answers, or 
                        testimony notice of the identity and address of 
                        the successor so designated.
                    ``(B) Successor.--Any person who is designated to 
                be a successor pursuant to this paragraph shall have, 
                with regard to such material, answers, or transcripts, 
                the same duties and responsibilities as were imposed by 
                this section upon the predecessor in office of such 
                person, except that the successor shall not be held 
                responsible for any default or dereliction that 
                occurred before such designation.
    ``(k) Judicial Proceedings.--
            ``(1) Petition for enforcement.--Whenever any person fails 
        to comply with any civil investigative demand issued pursuant 
        to subsection (a), or whenever satisfactory copying or 
        reproduction of any material requested in such demand cannot be 
        done and such person refuses to surrender such material, the 
        Attorney General may file, in the district court of the United 
        States for any judicial district in which such person resides, 
        is found, or transacts business, and serve upon such person a 
        petition for an order of such court for the enforcement of such 
        civil investigative demand.
            ``(2) Petition to modify or set aside demand.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Any person who has received a 
                civil investigative demand issued pursuant to 
                subsection (a) may file, in the district court of the 
                United States for the judicial district in which such 
                person resides, is found, or transacts business, and 
                serve upon the investigator identified in such demand a 
                petition for an order of the court to modify or set 
                aside such demand. In the case of a petition addressed 
                to an express demand for any product of discovery, a 
                petition to modify or set aside such demand may be 
                brought only in the district court of the United States 
                for the judicial district in which the proceeding in 
                which such discovery was obtained is or was last 
                pending. Any petition under this subparagraph shall be 
                filed--
                            ``(i) not later than the earlier of--
                                    ``(I) the date that is 20 days 
                                after the date of service of the civil 
                                investigative demand; or
                                    ``(II) at any time before the 
                                return date specified in the demand; or
                            ``(ii) within such longer period as may be 
                        prescribed in writing by any investigator 
                        identified in the demand.
                    ``(B) Grounds for relief.--Each petition filed 
                pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall specify each ground 
                upon which the petitioner relies in seeking relief, and 
                may be based upon any failure of the demand to comply 
                with the provisions of this section or upon any 
                constitutional or other legal right or privilege of 
                such person. During the pendency of the petition in the 
                court, the court may stay, as it deems proper, the 
                running of the time allowed for compliance with the 
                demand, in whole or in part, except that the person 
                filing the petition shall comply with any portions of 
                the demand not sought to be modified or set aside.
            ``(3) Petition to modify or set aside demand for product of 
        discovery.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If a civil investigative demand 
                issued pursuant to subsection (a) is an express demand 
                for any product of discovery, the person from whom such 
                discovery was obtained may file, in the district court 
                of the United States for the judicial district in which 
                the proceeding in which such discovery was obtained is 
                or was last pending, and serve upon any investigator 
                identified in the demand and upon the recipient of the 
                demand, a petition for an order of such court to modify 
                or set aside those portions of the demand requiring 
                production of any such product of discovery. Any 
                petition under this subparagraph shall be filed--
                            ``(i) not later than the earlier of--
                                    ``(I) the date that is 20 days 
                                after the date of service of the civil 
                                investigative demand; or
                                    ``(II) at any time before the 
                                return date specified in the demand; or
                            ``(ii) within such longer period as may be 
                        prescribed in writing by any investigator 
                        identified in the demand.
                    ``(B) Grounds for relief.--Each petition filed 
                pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall specify each ground 
                upon which the petitioner relies in seeking relief, and 
                may be based upon any failure of the portions of the 
                demand from which relief is sought to comply with the 
                provisions of this section, or upon any constitutional 
                or other legal right or privilege of the petitioner. 
                During the pendency of the petition, the court may 
                stay, as it deems proper, compliance with the demand 
                and the running of the time allowed for compliance with 
                the demand.
            ``(4) Petition to require performance by custodian of 
        duties.--At any time during which any custodian is in custody 
        or control of any documentary material or answers to 
        interrogatories produced, or transcripts of oral testimony 
        given, by any person in compliance with any civil investigative 
        demand issued pursuant to subsection (a), such person, and in 
        the case of an express demand for any product of discovery, the 
        person from whom such discovery was obtained, may file, in the 
        district court of the United States for the judicial district 
        in which the office of such custodian is situated, and serve 
        upon such custodian, a petition for an order of such court to 
        require the performance by the custodian of any duty imposed 
        upon the custodian by this section.
            ``(5) Jurisdiction.--Whenever any petition is filed in any 
        district court of the United States pursuant to this 
        subsection, such court shall have jurisdiction to hear and 
        determine the matter so presented, and to enter such order or 
        orders as may be required to carry out the provisions of this 
        section. Any final order so entered shall be subject to appeal 
        under section 1291 of title 28, United States Code. Any 
        disobedience of any final order entered under this section by 
        any court shall be punished as a contempt of the court.
            ``(6) Applicability of federal rules of civil procedure.--
        The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure shall apply to any 
        petition filed pursuant to this subsection, to the extent that 
        such rules are not inconsistent with the provisions of this 
        section.
    ``(l) Disclosure Exemption.--Any documentary material, answers to 
written interrogatories, or oral testimony provided under any civil 
investigative demand issued under subsection (a) shall be exempt from 
disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, as 
described in subsection (b)(3) of such section.
    ``(m) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Custodian.--The term `custodian' means the custodian, 
        or any deputy custodian, designated by the Attorney General 
        pursuant to subsection (j)(1).
            ``(2) Investigator.--The term `investigator' means any 
        attorney or investigator employed by the Department of Justice 
        who is charged with the duty of enforcing or carrying into 
        effect this Act, or any officer or employee of the United 
        States acting under the direction and supervision of such 
        attorney or investigator in connection with an investigation.
            ``(3) Official use.--The term `official use' means any use 
        that is consistent with the law and the regulations and 
        policies of the Department of Justice, including--
                    ``(A) use in connection with internal Department of 
                Justice memoranda and reports;
                    ``(B) communications between the Department of 
                Justice and a Federal, State, or local government 
                agency, or a contractor of a Federal, State, or local 
                government agency, undertaken in furtherance of a 
                Department of Justice investigation or prosecution of a 
                case;
                    ``(C) oral examinations;
                    ``(D) depositions;
                    ``(E) preparation for and response to civil 
                discovery requests;
                    ``(F) introduction into the record of a case or 
                proceeding;
                    ``(G) applications, motions, memoranda and briefs 
                submitted to a court or other tribunal; and
                    ``(H) communications with Government investigators, 
                auditors, consultants and experts, the counsel of other 
                parties, arbitrators and mediators, concerning an 
                investigation, case or proceeding.
            ``(4) Product of discovery.--The term `product of 
        discovery' includes--
                    ``(A) the original or duplicate of any deposition, 
                interrogatory, document, thing, result of the 
                inspection of land or other property, examination, or 
                admission, which is obtained by any method of discovery 
                in any judicial or administrative proceeding of an 
                adversarial nature;
                    ``(B) any digest, analysis, selection, compilation, 
                or derivation of any item listed in subparagraph (A); 
                and
                    ``(C) any index or other manner of access to any 
                item listed in subparagraph (A).
    ``(n) Sunset.--The authority of the Attorney General to issue a 
civil investigative demand under this section shall expire upon the 
expiration of the 5-year period that begins on the date of enactment of 
this section.''.

SEC. 106. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    The amendments made by this subtitle shall take effect on the date 
that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

       Subtitle B--Other Actions To Counter CCP Malign Influence

SEC. 111. PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN GIFTS AND CONTRACTS FROM THE PRC TO 
              CERTAIN UNITED STATES INSTITUTIONS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and 
                Pensions of the Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives; and
                    (D) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the 
                House of Representatives.
            (2) Contract.--The term ``contract'' means any agreement to 
        acquire, by purchase, lease, or barter, property or services 
        for the direct benefit or use of either of party to the 
        agreement.
            (3) Covered prc person.--The term ``covered PRC person'' 
        means a person that, according to unclassified or publicly 
        available information--
                    (A) is a current or former member of the People's 
                Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China;
                    (B) is currently, or was formerly, employed in any 
                security or intelligence service of the People's 
                Republic of China;
                    (C) is, or is affiliated with, an entity identified 
                by the Secretary of Defense under section 1260H(a) of 
                the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
                Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-
                283; 10 U.S.C. 113 note) as a Chinese military company 
                operating directly or indirectly in the United States;
                    (D) is, or is affiliated with, any entity that is 
                included in the Non-SDN Chinese Military-Industrial 
                Complex Companies List maintained by the Office of 
                Foreign Assets Control of by the Department of the 
                Treasury;
                    (E) is, or is affiliated with, the United Front 
                Work Department of the Government of the People's 
                Republic of China or any subsidiary or affiliate 
                organization, or is otherwise involved in activities 
                that support the goals of the United Front Work 
                Department;
                    (F) is an employee of any entity owned or 
                controlled by the Government of the People's Republic 
                of China;
                    (G) is or was an employee of any entity on the 
                Entity List maintained by the Bureau of Industry and 
                Security of the Department of Commerce and set forth in 
                Supplement No. 4 to part 744 of title 15, Code of 
                Federal Regulations;
                    (H) is or was an employee of an entity organized 
                under the laws of the People's Republic of China that--
                            (i) is in noncompliance with the auditing 
                        rules and standards of the Public Company 
                        Accounting Oversight Board; or
                            (ii) has been sanctioned by the Public 
                        Company Accounting Oversight Board;
                    (I) is a think tank directed or funded by the 
                Chinese Communist Party or any entity of the Government 
                of the People's Republic of China;
                    (J) is any state key laboratory, including any 
                defense science and technology state key laboratory 
                identified in the 2022 report of the China Aerospace 
                Studies Institute of the Department of the Air Force 
                entitled ``The PRC State & Defense Laboratory System 
                Part Two: Defense S&T Key Lab Directory'' that is--
                            (i) working on critical emerging 
                        technologies, including advanced computing, 
                        advanced engineering materials, advanced gas 
                        turbine engine technologies, advanced 
                        manufacturing, advanced and networked sensing 
                        and signature management, advanced nuclear 
                        energy technologies, artificial intelligence, 
                        autonomous systems and robotics, 
                        biotechnologies, communication and networking 
                        technologies, directed energy, financial 
                        technologies, human-machine interfaces, 
                        hypersonics, networked sensors and sensing, 
                        quantum information technologies, renewable 
                        energy generation and storage, semiconductors 
                        and microelectronics, or space technologies and 
                        systems; and
                            (ii) affiliated with, controlled, or 
                        administratively managed by an agency of the 
                        Government of the People's Republic of China, 
                        the Chinese Academy of Sciences, or the Polar 
                        Research Institute of China; or
                    (K) is, or was affiliated with, any entity owned or 
                controlled by an agency or instrumentality of any 
                person described in any of subparagraphs (A) through 
                (J).
            (4) Covered united states institution.--The term ``covered 
        United States institution'' means any public or private 
        institution or, if a multicampus institution, any single campus 
        of such institution, in any State--
                    (A) that is legally authorized within such State to 
                provide a program of education beyond secondary school;
                    (B) that provides a program for which the 
                institution awards a bachelor's degree (or provides not 
                less than a 2-year program which is acceptable for full 
                credit toward such a degree) or a more advanced degree;
                    (C) that is accredited by a nationally recognized 
                accrediting agency or association; and
                    (D) to which the Federal Government extends Federal 
                financial assistance (directly or indirectly through 
                another entity or person), or that receives support 
                from the extension of Federal financial assistance to 
                any of the institution's subunits.
            (5) Critical technologies.--The term ``critical 
        technologies'' has the meaning given such term in section 
        721(a)(6) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 
        4565(a)(6)).
            (6) Foreign source.--The term ``foreign source'' means--
                    (A) a foreign government, including an agency of a 
                foreign government;
                    (B) a legal entity, governmental or otherwise, 
                created solely under the laws of a foreign state or 
                states;
                    (C) an individual who is not a citizen or a 
                national of the United States or a trust territory or 
                protectorate thereof; and
                    (D) an agent, including a subsidiary or affiliate 
                of a foreign legal entity, acting on behalf of a 
                foreign source.
            (7) Freely associated states.--The term ``Freely Associated 
        States'' means the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the 
        Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau.
            (8) Gift.--The term ``gift'' means any gift of money or 
        property.
            (9) Restricted or conditional gift or contract.--The term 
        ``restricted or conditional gift or contract'' means any 
        endowment, gift, grant, contract, award, present, or property 
        of any kind that includes provisions regarding--
                    (A) the employment, assignment, or termination of 
                faculty;
                    (B) the establishment of departments, centers, 
                research or lecture programs, or new faculty positions;
                    (C) the selection or admission of students; or
                    (D) the award of grants, loans, scholarships, 
                fellowships, or other forms of financial aid restricted 
                to students of a specified country, religion, sex, 
                ethnic origin, or political opinion.
            (10) State.--The term ``State'' includes, in addition to 
        the several States of the United States, the Commonwealth of 
        Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, 
        the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the 
        Northern Mariana Islands, and the Freely Associated States.
            (11) State key laboratory.--The term ``state key 
        laboratory'' means an institution in the People's Republic of 
        China that has been categorized as a national laboratory or 
        state key laboratory by, and receives funding, policy, 
        developmental guidance, or administrative support from, the 
        Government of the People's Republic of China.
    (b) Prohibition.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall prescribe 
        regulations to prohibit a covered United States institution 
        from accepting a gift from, or entering into a contract with, a 
        covered PRC person if--
                    (A)(i) the value of the gift or contract equals or 
                exceeds $1,000,000; or
            (ii) including the gift or contract, the institution would 
        receive, directly or indirectly, more than 1 gift from or enter 
        into more than 1 contract, directly or indirectly, with the 
        same covered PRC person, the aggregate of which, during a 
        period of 2 consecutive calendar years, would equal or exceed 
        $1,000,000; and
                    (B) the gift or contract--
                            (i) relates to research, development, or 
                        production of critical technologies and 
                        provides the covered PRC person making the gift 
                        or providing the contract--
                                    (I) access to regulated or 
                                unregulated United States-developed 
                                information, technology, or data in the 
                                possession of the institution; or
                                    (II) rights, including early 
                                access, to intellectual property 
                                created by or in the possession of the 
                                institution; or
                            (ii) except as provided under paragraph 
                        (2), is a restricted or conditional gift or 
                        contract.
            (2) Exception for operating agreements for branches of 
        covered united states institutions.--The Secretary shall 
        include, in the regulations prescribed pursuant to paragraph 
        (1), an exception to the prohibition under such paragraph for a 
        contract between a covered United States institution and a 
        branch of such institution located in the People's Republic of 
        China that provides funding for the operation of such branch.
    (c) Penalties.--
            (1) Fine.--
                    (A) In general.--A covered United States 
                institution that accepts a gift or enters into a 
                contract in violation of subsection (b) shall be 
                fined--
                            (i) for the first such violation, not more 
                        than $250,000;
                            (ii) for the second such violation, not 
                        more than $500,000; and
                            (iii) for the third such violation or a 
                        subsequent such violation, not more than the 
                        greater of--
                                    (I) $1,000,000; or
                                    (II) the total value of the gift or 
                                contract, as the case may be.
                    (B) Availability of fines to administer this 
                section.--
                            (i) Establishment of fund.--There is 
                        established in the Treasury of the United 
                        States a fund, consisting of such amounts as 
                        may be transferred to the fund pursuant to 
                        clause (ii).
                            (ii) Transfer of amounts.--The Secretary of 
                        the Treasury shall transfer to the fund 
                        established under clause (i), from the general 
                        fund of the Treasury, an amount determined by 
                        the Secretary to be equivalent to the amount 
                        received in the general fund and attributable 
                        to fines collected under subparagraph (A) 
                        during fiscal year 2024 and during each fiscal 
                        year thereafter.
                            (iii) Availability and use of amounts.--
                        Amounts in the fund established under clause 
                        (i) shall be available, as provided in advance 
                        in appropriations Acts, to the Secretary for 
                        fiscal year 2025 and for each fiscal year 
                        thereafter to carry out this section.
            (2) Requirement to return gift or terminate contract.--A 
        covered United States institution that accepts a gift or enters 
        into a contract in violation of subsection (b) shall return the 
        gift or terminate the contract, as the case may be.
            (3) Restriction on funding from the department of state.--
                    (A) In general.--A covered United States 
                institution that accepts a gift or enters into a 
                contract in violation of subsection (b) is ineligible 
                to receive any grant or other funding from the 
                Department of State during the 5-year period beginning 
                on the date on which the institution accepts such gift 
                or enters into such contract, as the case may be.
                    (B) Restriction on grantees doing business with 
                violators.--A person that receives a grant or other 
                funding from the Department of State may not, as a 
                condition of the grant or funding, conduct any business 
                with a covered United States institution that accepts a 
                gift or enters into a contract in violation of 
                subsection (b) during the 5-year period beginning on 
                the date on which the institution accepts such gift or 
                enters into such contract, as the case may be.
            (4) Waiver.--
                    (A) Authorization.--The Secretary may waive the 
                application of not more than 2 of the penalties under 
                paragraphs (1) through (3), with respect to a covered 
                United States institution that accepts a gift or enters 
                into a contract in violation of subsection (b), if the 
                President--
                            (i) determines that--
                                    (I) such waiver is in the national 
                                security interest of the United States; 
                                and
                                    (II) such gift or contract does not 
                                result in any restrictions on academic 
                                freedom or freedom of expression within 
                                the United States; and
                            (ii) not later than 15 days after making 
                        such determination, submits to the chairperson 
                        and ranking member of the appropriate 
                        committees of Congress a written report 
                        regarding such determination that includes a 
                        detailed justification for the determination.
                    (B) Elements.--Each report submitted pursuant to 
                subparagraph (A)(ii) shall--
                            (i) be accompanied by materials submitted 
                        by the covered United States institution that 
                        accepted a gift or entered into a contract in 
                        violation of subsection (b) disclosing--
                                    (I) the covered PRC person that 
                                provided the gift or with which the 
                                contract was entered into;
                                    (II) the nature of the gift or 
                                contract; and
                                    (III) the purpose of the gift or 
                                contract; and
                            (ii) include a detailed justification for 
                        why the gift or contract does not result in--
                                    (I) harm to the national security 
                                of the United States; or
                                    (II) any restrictions on academic 
                                freedom or freedom of expression within 
                                the United States.
    (d) Guidance.--The regulations prescribed pursuant to subsection 
(b)(1) shall--
            (1) provide guidance to covered United States institutions 
        with respect to complying with this section; and
            (2) provide a specific point of contact through which 
        covered United States institutions can communicate with the 
        Department of State on matters relating to compliance with this 
        section.
    (e) Disclosure Reports.--
            (1) In general.--A covered United States institution shall 
        submit to the Secretary a disclosure report relating to any 
        gift or contract received from or entered into with a foreign 
        source described in paragraph (5) that includes--
                    (A) the aggregate dollar amount or value of the 
                gift or contract;
                    (B) a detailed description of the nature and 
                purpose of the gift or contract, including--
                            (i) whether such gift or contract relates 
                        to the research, development, or production of 
                        critical technologies and, if so, a description 
                        of the nature of such relationship; and
                            (ii) whether it is a restricted or 
                        conditional gift or contract and, if so, a 
                        description of the restrictions or conditions 
                        on the gift or contract;
                    (C) in the case of a gift or contract that relates 
                to the research, development, or production of critical 
                technologies or that is a restricted or conditional 
                gift or contract, a justification for why the gift or 
                contract does not result in--
                            (i) harm to the national security of the 
                        United States; or
                            (ii) any restrictions on academic freedom 
                        or freedom of expression within the United 
                        States;
                    (D) the name and verified address of the foreign 
                source;
                    (E) a description of any due diligence conducted by 
                such institution before accepting the gift or entering 
                into the contract; and
                    (F) an assurance that such institution will--
                            (i) maintain a true copy of the gift or 
                        contract agreement until the later of--
                                    (I) the date that is 4 years after 
                                the date on which such institution 
                                entered into such agreement; or
                                    (II) the date on which such 
                                agreement terminates;
                            (ii) produce a true copy of the gift or 
                        contract agreement upon the request of the 
                        Secretary during an audit of the compliance of 
                        the institution with this section or another 
                        institutional investigation; and
                            (iii) ensure that all gifts and contracts 
                        from the foreign source are translated into 
                        English by a third party that is unaffiliated 
                        with the foreign source or institution.
            (2) Provision of information to congress on request.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide the 
                information described in subparagraph (B) to the 
                chairperson or ranking member of the Committee on 
                Foreign Relations of the Senate or the Committee on 
                Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives not 
                later than 15 days after receiving a request from the 
                chairperson or ranking member for such information.
                    (B) Information described.--The information 
                described in this subparagraph, with respect to any 
                disclosure report submitted under paragraph (1) is--
                            (i) any information required to be included 
                        in the report; and
                            (ii) a justification for any decision by 
                        the Secretary with respect to the gift or 
                        contract that is the subject of the report.
            (3) Public information.--The Secretary shall make public, 
        in a searchable database, with respect to each gift or contract 
        that is the subject of a disclosure report submitted under 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) the aggregate dollar amount or value of the 
                gift or contract;
                    (B) a summary of the purpose of the gift or 
                contract, including--
                            (i) whether the gift or contract relates to 
                        the research, development, or production of 
                        critical technologies and, if so, a description 
                        of the nature of such relationship; and
                            (ii) whether it is a restricted or 
                        conditional gift or contract and, if so, a 
                        description of the restrictions or conditions 
                        on the gift or contract; and
                    (C) with respect to the foreign source from which 
                the gift was received or with which the contract was 
                entered into--
                            (i) in the case of a foreign source that is 
                        an individual, the primary professional 
                        affiliation of the individual; and
                            (ii) in the case of a foreign source that 
                        is an entity, the name and verified address of 
                        the entity.
            (4) Condition.--A gift received from, or a contract entered 
        into with, a foreign source described in paragraph (5) may not 
        be disclosed to the Department of State or to the chairperson 
        or ranking member of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
        Senate or of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives, or publicly reported, as anonymous.
            (5) Foreign sources described.--A foreign source described 
        in this paragraph is a foreign source that is--
                    (A) the Chinese Communist Party or the Government 
                of the People's Republic of China, including an agency 
                of such government;
                    (B) a legal entity (governmental or otherwise) 
                created solely under the laws of the People's Republic 
                of China;
                    (C) an individual who is a citizen or a national of 
                the People's Republic of China; or
                    (D) an agent, including a subsidiary or affiliate 
                of a foreign legal entity, acting on behalf of--
                            (i) the Chinese Communist Party or the 
                        Government of the People's Republic of China; 
                        or
                            (ii) an entity or individual described in 
                        subparagraph (B) or (C).
    (f) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for a period 
        of 7 years, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
        committees of Congress a report that--
                    (A) describes steps taken during the period 
                described in paragraph (2) to implement this section;
                    (B) includes information or recommendations to 
                improve the implementation of this section; and
                    (C) includes any other information the Secretary 
                considers relevant.
            (2) Period described.--The period described in this 
        paragraph is--
                    (A) in the case of the first report required by 
                paragraph (1), the 2-year period beginning on the date 
                of the enactment of this Act; and
                    (B) in the case of any subsequent such report, the 
                1-year period preceding submission of the report.
            (3) Form of report.--
                    (A) In general.--The report required by paragraph 
                (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but 
                (subject to subparagraph (B)) may include a classified 
                annex.
                    (B) Material required to be unclassified.--The 
                Secretary shall include all information on foreign 
                donations received by covered United States 
                institutions in the unclassified portion of the report 
                required by paragraph (1).

SEC. 112. REQUIREMENT FOR THINK TANKS TO DISCLOSE FOREIGN FUNDING.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered organization.--The term ``covered 
        organization'' means any United States think tank that--
                    (A) receives at least $2,500 in funding from the 
                Department in a single fiscal year;
                    (B) has significant participation in more than 3 
                Department-hosted events in a fiscal year that relate 
                to a subject or purpose for which the covered source of 
                funding was provided to the covered organization; or
                    (C) hosts an event, panel, presentation, or meeting 
                with any Department official at the Office Director 
                level or above more than 3 times in a fiscal year on a 
                subject or purpose for which the covered source of 
                funding was provided to the covered organization.
            (2) Foreign governmental entity.--The term ``foreign 
        governmental entity'' means--
                    (A) any department, agency, or other entity of a 
                foreign government at the national, regional, or local 
                level;
                    (B) any governing party or coalition of a foreign 
                government at the national, regional, or local level;
                    (C) any entity majority-owned or majority-
                controlled by a foreign government at the national, 
                regional, or local level; or
                    (D) any company, economic project, cultural 
                organization, exchange program, or nongovernmental 
                organization that is more than 33 percent owned or 
                controlled by the government of such country, or their 
                advisors, consultants, or representatives.
            (3) Think tank.--The term ``think tank'' means a stand-
        alone institution, organization, corporation, or group that 
        studies public policy issues with the primary objective of 
        providing information, ideas, and recommendations to United 
        States Government entities regarding the development and 
        implementation of policy.
    (b) Rulemaking.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop and 
        promulgate regulations requiring covered organizations to 
        submit an annual disclosure to the Under Secretary of State for 
        Management that describes--
                    (A) any funding, cooperative research or staffing 
                agreements, or joint projects received from or executed 
                with the covered sources of funding specified in 
                paragraph (2) the purpose or subject of which relates 
                to a topic such covered organizations engage on with 
                the Department; and
                    (B) any practices or processes undertaken by a 
                covered organization to ensure that its research agenda 
                or products are not influenced by foreign donors.
            (2) Covered sources of funding.--The sources of funding 
        referred to in paragraph (1) are foreign governmental entities 
        and political parties from the People's Republic of China, the 
        Islamic Republic of Iran, or the Russian Federation.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the effective date of 
the regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (b), the Secretary 
shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that 
describes--
            (1) the status of implementing such regulations and any 
        challenges or obstacles to implementation;
            (2) the offices within the Department responsible for 
        implementing the regulations; and
            (3) any recommendations to improve upon such regulations.

SEC. 113. AMENDMENT TO THE MUTUAL EDUCATION AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE ACT 
              OF 1961.

    (a) Exclusion of Government of the People's Republic of China From 
Certain Cultural Exchanges; Required Reviews.--Section 108A of the 
Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2458a) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) For purposes of this section, the term `foreign 
        government' does not include the Government of the People's 
        Republic of China.''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Reviews.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the enactment of the STRATEGIC Act of 2024, and every 3 years 
        thereafter, subject to the exception in paragraph (3), the 
        Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on Foreign 
        Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
        the House of Representatives that contains a review of each 
        educational or cultural exchange program approved in accordance 
        with this section to ensure such programs continue to adhere to 
        the purposes set forth in section 101.
            ``(2) Contents.--The report required under paragraph (1) 
        shall include--
                    ``(A) information, including agendas or 
                itineraries, of activities carried out pursuant to 
                programs authorized under this section during the 
                covered reporting period; and
                    ``(B) with respect to each cultural exchange 
                program, a written assessment and determination by the 
                Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and 
                Cultural Affairs and the Assistant Secretary of State 
                of the regional bureau responsible for the country or 
                countries in which the educational or cultural exchange 
                takes place regarding whether the program continues to 
                adhere to the purposes set forth in section 101, based 
                on the information collected pursuant to subparagraph 
                (A) and other relevant information jointly submitted by 
                such officials.
            ``(3) White list exception.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For any program that takes place 
                within a country that is a United States ally or close 
                strategic partner and has been approved in accordance 
                with this section, the Department of State, following 
                the submission of the second report required under 
                paragraph (1), may place such program on a list of 
                programs authorized under this Act that the Secretary 
                determines, in 2 consecutive reports submitted pursuant 
                to this subsection, have demonstrated a track record of 
                full compliance with the purposes set forth in section 
                101. The list identifying such programs shall be 
                referred to in this paragraph as the `MECEA White 
                List'.
                    ``(B) MECEA white list requirements.--The MECEA 
                White List shall be--
                            ``(i) submitted as an addendum to the 
                        review required under this section; and
                            ``(ii) reviewed not less frequently than 
                        every 6 years.
                    ``(C) Exception to review.--The review requirement 
                described in paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect 
                to any program that is included on the MECEA White 
                List.
                    ``(D) Countries ineligible for white list.--The 
                MECEA White List shall not include trips or exchanges 
                to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, the People's 
                Republic of China, the Republic of Cuba, the Republic 
                of Nicaragua, or the Russian Federation.
            ``(4) Rule of construction.--The Secretary is not required 
        to provide advanced approval of a specific or individual trip 
        or activity if such trip or activity is undertaken as part of a 
        program reviewed and approved in accordance with this section.
    ``(d) Remediation and Termination.--If the Secretary determines 
that a program is no longer in compliance with the purposes set forth 
in section 101, the Secretary--
            ``(1) shall make all efforts to work with the foreign 
        government with whom the agreement for such program has been 
        made on remediation to ensure the program is in full compliance 
        with the purposes set forth in section 101; and
            ``(2) if the efforts described in paragraph (1) fail to 
        ensure such compliance, is authorized to suspend or terminate 
        such program.''.
    (b) Reporting Requirements With Respect to Participation by United 
States Entities in Cultural Exchange Programs Involving the People's 
Republic of China.--The Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 
108A the following:

``SEC. 108B. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO PARTICIPATION BY 
              UNITED STATES ENTITIES IN CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS 
              INVOLVING THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.

    ``(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that State 
and local entities in the United States and other organizations and 
individuals in the United States who sponsor, carry out, or otherwise 
participate in cultural, educational, or economic exchange programs 
with the People's Republic of China should adopt measures to facilitate 
rigorous oversight of such programs and corresponding activities 
conducted pursuant to such programs, including compliance with the 
oversight requirements described in this section, as applicable.
    ``(b) Initial Certification to Congress.--Not later than 30 days 
before entering into an agreement to establish or reestablish any 
exchange program that involves the Government of the People's Republic 
of China, the Secretary shall certify to the appropriate congressional 
committees that--
            ``(1) establishing or reestablishing such program is in the 
        national interests of the United States;
            ``(2) such program will adhere to the purposes set forth in 
        section 101; and
            ``(3) the Department of State has established mechanisms 
        requiring each United States entity supporting or carrying out 
        such program to submit to the Department of State, not later 
        than October 30 of each year, a report that includes, with 
        respect to all programs in which executive branch employees or 
        nongovernmental employees participated in the most recently 
        concluded fiscal year--
                    ``(A) the total number of cultural exchange 
                activities conducted by such entity pursuant to section 
                108A;
                    ``(B) a description and purpose of each such 
                activity;
                    ``(C) a detailed agenda or itinerary for each such 
                activity;
                    ``(D) the total number and agency affiliations of 
                the participants of each such activity;
                    ``(E) any indication of whether any of the 
                participants during the reporting period participated 
                in another activity authorized under section 108A that 
                involves the People's Republic of China during the 
                preceding 2-year period; and
                    ``(F) a summary of any feedback that was collected 
                on a voluntary basis from participants in an activity 
                authorized under section 108A, including any actions or 
                behavior by the People's Republic of China that 
                potentially undermine the purposes of set forth in 
                section 101; and
            ``(4) the Department of State has established mechanisms 
        requiring each United States entity supporting or carrying out 
        such program to submit to the Department of State, not less 
        frequently than annually, a report that includes, with respect 
        to all programs in which legislative branch employees 
        participate--
                    ``(A) the total number of cultural exchange 
                activities conducted by the entity pursuant to section 
                108A;
                    ``(B) a description and purpose of each such 
                activity;
                    ``(C) a detailed agenda or itinerary for each such 
                activity;
                    ``(D) the total number and congressional 
                affiliations of the participants of each such activity;
                    ``(E) any indication of whether any of the 
                participants during the reporting period participated 
                in another activity authorized under section 108A that 
                involves the People's Republic of China during the 
                preceding 2-year period; and
                    ``(F) a summary of any feedback that was collected 
                on a voluntary basis from participants in, or observers 
                of, an activity authorized under section 108A, 
                including any actions or behavior by the People's 
                Republic of China that potentially undermines the 
                purposes set forth in section 101.
    ``(c) Annual Certifications to Congress.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after establishing 
        or reestablishing a cultural exchange program described in 
        subsection (b), and annually thereafter through September 30, 
        2029, the Secretary shall submit a certification to the 
        appropriate congressional committees that indicates whether--
                    ``(A) the continuation of such exchange program is 
                in the national interests of the United States, 
                including a justification for such assessment;
                    ``(B) the program is adhering to the purposes set 
                forth in section 101, including a justification for 
                such assessment; and
                    ``(C) the mechanisms described in paragraphs (3) 
                and (4) of subsection (b) provide the Department of 
                State sufficient transparency and oversight of such 
                program and its activities, and an explanation of such 
                mechanisms.
            ``(2) Failure to certify.--If the Secretary fails to 
        certify that all of the requirements described under paragraph 
        (1) have been met with respect to a cultural exchange program 
        described in subsection (b), the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) suspend such program until the Secretary is 
                able make such a certification; or
                    ``(B) terminate the corresponding agreement 
                described in subsection (b).
    ``(d) Transparency Report.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall include, with the 
        annual certification required under subsection (c), a detailed 
        summary of the reports received pursuant to paragraphs (3) and 
        (4) of subsection (b) from United States entities that are 
        carrying out or otherwise participating in a cultural exchange 
        program that involves the Government of the People's Republic 
        of China.
            ``(2) Matters to be included.--The summary required under 
        paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to the reporting 
        period--
                    ``(A) the total number of cultural exchange 
                programs conducted;
                    ``(B) the total number of participants in such 
                cultural exchange programs;
                    ``(C) a list of the agency that employs each such 
                participant;
                    ``(D) an overview of such cultural exchange 
                programs, including the inclusion of not fewer than 3 
                sample itineraries or agendas and illustrative examples 
                of activities in which participants engaged;
                    ``(E) an assessment of whether such cultural 
                programs comply with purposes set forth in section 101, 
                including a description of any noticeable deviations 
                from such purposes;
                    ``(F) a description of all actions taken by the 
                Department of State to remediate deviations from such 
                purposes; and
                    ``(G) a detailed rationale for continuing each such 
                program despite any deviations described in such 
                summary.
            ``(3) Form of report.--The summary required under paragraph 
        (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form.
    ``(e) Failure of United States Entity To Report.--The Secretary 
shall promulgate regulations to disqualify any United States entity 
from carrying out any activities associated with a cultural exchange 
program described in subsection (b) if such entity fails to comply with 
the reporting requirements described in subsection (b)(4) until the 
sooner of--
            ``(1) 1 year after the first day of such disqualification; 
        or
            ``(2) the date on which such entity is in full compliance 
        with the reporting requirements described in subsection (b)(4).
    ``(f) Additional Matters.--
            ``(1) Notification requirement.--Any legislative branch 
        employee who participates in an activity covered by an 
        agreement described in subsection (b) with the People's 
        Republic of China shall notify the congressional entities 
        listed in paragraph (2)--
                    ``(A) not later than 10 days before the beginning 
                of such activity, of the dates of travel, the agenda or 
                itinerary of such activity as of the date of 
                submission, and an indication of whether the employee 
                has participated in an activity covered by such an 
                agreement during either of the preceding 2 calendar 
                years; and
                    ``(B) not later than 10 days after the end of such 
                activity, of the final agenda or itinerary relating to 
                such activity.
            ``(2) Congressional entities described.--The congressional 
        entities listed in this paragraph are--
                    ``(A) the majority leader and minority leader of 
                the Senate;
                    ``(B) the Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate;
                    ``(C) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    ``(D) the Speaker and minority leader of the House 
                of Representatives;
                    ``(E) the Committee on Ethics of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                    ``(F) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives.
            ``(3) Monitoring.--In order to monitor and evaluate 
        activities covered by an agreement described in subsection (b) 
        to ensure compliance with the purposes set forth in section 
        101, United States diplomats shall be permitted to observe 
        activities in which--
                    ``(A) executive branch employees participate; or
                    ``(B) legislative branch employees participate, 
                with the concurrence of such legislative branch 
                employees.
    ``(g) Rulemaking.--The Secretary shall promulgate regulations to 
carry out this section.''.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Department of State $45,000,000, for fiscal year 
2025, for the purposes of exchange support within the Bureau of 
Educational and Cultural Affairs, including creating 1 new position to 
support the implementation and oversight of programs authorized under 
the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, as amended by 
this section.

SEC. 114. ESTABLISHMENT OF COUNTERING THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 
              INFLUENCE FUND.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) CCP.--The term ``CCP'' means the Chinese Communist 
        Party.
            (2) Fund.--The term ``Fund'' means the Countering the 
        People's Republic of China Influence Fund established under 
        subsection (b).
            (3) Malign influence.--The term ``malign influence'', with 
        respect to the Government of the PRC and the CCP, includes acts 
        conducted by the Government of the PRC, the CCP, or entities 
        acting on their behalf, that--
                    (A) undermine a free and open international order;
                    (B) advance an alternative, repressive 
                international order that--
                            (i) bolsters the hegemonic ambitions of the 
                        Government of the PRC and the CCP; and
                            (ii) is characterized by coercion and 
                        dependency;
                    (C) undermine the national security or sovereignty 
                of the United States or of other countries; or
                    (D) undermine the economic security of the United 
                States or of other countries, including by promoting 
                corruption and advancing coercive economic practices.
    (b) Countering the People's Republic of China Influence Fund.--
            (1) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury of 
        the United States a trust fund, which--
                    (A) shall be known as the ``Countering the People's 
                Republic of China Influence Fund''; and
                    (B) shall consist of such amounts as may be 
                appropriated or otherwise made available to the Fund 
                pursuant to paragraph (2).
            (2) Authorization of appropriations.--
                    (A) In general.--There is authorized to be 
                appropriated to the Fund, for each of the fiscal years 
                2025 through 2029, $400,000,000, which shall be used to 
                counter the influence of the Government of the PRC and 
                the CCP and entities acting on their behalf globally, 
                and shall be in addition to amounts otherwise 
                authorized to be appropriated to counter such 
                influence.
                    (B) Availability of funds.--Amounts appropriated to 
                the Fund pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall remain 
                available until expended.
    (c) Notification; Consultation.--Amounts in the Fund--
            (1) shall be subject to the notification requirements under 
        section 634A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
        2394-1); and
            (2) may not be obligated without prior consultation with--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives; and
                    (D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives.
    (d) Policy Guidance, Coordination, and Approval.--
            (1) Coordinator.--The Secretary shall designate an existing 
        senior official of the Department of State at the rank of 
        Assistant Secretary or above to provide policy guidance, 
        coordination, and approval for the obligation of amounts 
        appropriated pursuant to subsection (b)(2).
            (2) Duties.--The senior official designated pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) annually identify specific strategic priorities 
                for using amounts in the Fund, such as geographic areas 
                of focus or functional categories of programming within 
                which such amounts are to be concentrated, in 
                accordance with the national interests of the United 
                States and the purposes of this section;
                    (B) coordinate and approve all programming 
                conducted using amounts in the Fund, based on an 
                assessment that such programming directly counters the 
                malign influence of the Government of the PRC and the 
                CCP (including specific activities or policies advanced 
                by the Government of the PRC or the CCP), pursuant to 
                the strategic objectives of the United States 
                established in the 2017 National Security Strategy, the 
                2018 National Defense Strategy, and other relevant 
                national and regional strategies;
                    (C) ensure that all approved programming--
                            (i) bears a sufficiently direct nexus to 
                        acts by the Government of the PRC or the CCP 
                        described in subsection (a)(3); and
                            (ii) adheres to the requirements described 
                        in subsection (e); and
                    (D) conduct oversight, monitoring, and evaluation 
                of the effectiveness of all programming conducted using 
                the amounts appropriated pursuant to subsection (b)(2) 
                to ensure that it advances United States interests and 
                degrades the ability of the Government of the PRC or 
                the CCP, to advance activities that align with the 
                efforts described in subsection (e).
            (3) Interagency coordination.--The senior official 
        designated pursuant to paragraph (1), in coordinating and 
        approving programming pursuant to paragraph (2), shall seek--
                    (A) to conduct appropriate interagency 
                consultation; and
                    (B) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, 
                that all approved programming functions in concert with 
                other Federal activities to counter the malign 
                influence and activities of the Government of the PRC 
                or the CCP.
            (4) Assistant coordinator.--The Administrator of the United 
        States Agency for International Development shall designate a 
        senior official at the rank of Assistant Administrator or above 
        to assist and consult with the senior official designated 
        pursuant to paragraph (1), particularly with respect to such 
        assistance handled by USAID.
    (e) Countering Malign Influence.--In this section, countering 
malign influence through the use of amounts in the Fund shall include 
efforts--
            (1) to promote transparency and accountability, and reduce 
        corruption, including in governance structures targeted by the 
        malign influence of the Government of the PRC or the CCP;
            (2) to support civil society and independent media to raise 
        awareness of, and increase transparency regarding, the negative 
        impact of activities and initiatives of the Government of the 
        PRC, the CCP, and entities acting on their behalf, including 
        the Global Security Initiative, the Global Development 
        Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, the Belt and 
        Road Initiative, associated initiatives, and other economic 
        initiatives with strategic or political purposes, and coercive 
        economic practices;
            (3) to counter transnational criminal networks that 
        benefit, or benefit from, the malign influence of the 
        Government of the PRC, the CCP, or entities acting on their 
        behalf;
            (4) to encourage economic development structures that help 
        protect against predatory lending schemes, including support 
        for market-based alternatives in key economic sectors, such as 
        digital economy, energy, and infrastructure;
            (5) to counter activities that provide undue influence to 
        the security forces of the PRC;
            (6) to expose foreign influence operations and propaganda 
        of the Government of the PRC, the CCP, and entities acting on 
        their behalf;
            (7) to counter efforts by the CCP to legitimize or promote 
        authoritarian ideology and governance models, including its 
        model of a state-dominated cyber and digital ecosystem;
            (8) to counter efforts by the Government of the PRC, the 
        CCP, or entities acting on their behalf to silence, intimidate, 
        or exact reprisal against individuals outside of the PRC's 
        internationally recognized sovereign borders, including members 
        of diaspora populations, such as political opponents, repressed 
        religious or spiritual practitioners, marginalized ethnic 
        community members, civil society activists, human rights 
        defenders, researchers, and journalists;
            (9) to provide alternatives to problematic PRC technology 
        offerings which could provide the Government of the PRC undue 
        access to, or influence over, global data flows or sensitive 
        information and compete with problematic PRC efforts to 
        leverage or make gains in the development of advanced and 
        emerging technologies;
            (10) to counter PRC activities that directly enable 
        critical supply chain monopolization or other monopolistic 
        practices;
            (11) to counter aggressive PRC efforts to make inroads into 
        the nuclear energy sectors of countries to the detriment of 
        United States national security, strategic, and 
        nonproliferation interests; and
            (12) to counter efforts by the Government of the PRC, the 
        CCP, and entities acting on their behalf to undermine the 
        democratic processes and institutions of United States allies 
        and partners.

SEC. 115. NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT FOR PARTICIPATION OF DEPARTMENT OF 
              STATE AND USAID OFFICIALS IN PRIVATE EVENTS THAT INCLUDE 
              THE PARTICIPATION OF SPECIALLY DESIGNATED AND BLOCKED 
              PERSONS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Officials.--The term ``officials'' means 1 or more 
        individuals who are employed directly or through a contractual 
        arrangement by the Department of State or the United States 
        Agency for International Development.
            (2) Private event.--The term ``private event'' means any 
        organized workshop, conference, forum, summit, or other 
        gathering that is primarily organized and financially sponsored 
        by an organization, business, or other entity that is not part 
        of the United States Government, a foreign government, or a 
        multilateral institution.
    (b) Notification Requirement.--Not later than 15 days before 
officials attend a private event held outside the United States 
involving the participation of an individual or entity on the Specially 
Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List maintained by the Office 
of Foreign Assets Control, the Secretary or the Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development shall submit a 
notification to the appropriate congressional committees that 
includes--
            (1) the name, position, and relevant department or agency 
        of such officials;
            (2) the name, organizers, and dates of the private event;
            (3) the names of all specially designated nationals who 
        will be attending the private event; and
            (4) a certification and associated justification that the 
        participation of the officials in a private event alongside 
        specially designated nationals is in the national interest of 
        the United States.
    (c) Limitation on Use of Funds.--No Federal funds may be used to 
support any private event held outside the United States that--
            (1) promotes commercial engagement, including with the 
        United States private sector; and
            (2) includes the participation of specially designated 
        nationals or blocked persons.

SEC. 116. DETERMINATION WITH RESPECT TO IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH 
              RESPECT TO UNITED FRONT WORK DEPARTMENT OF CHINESE 
              COMMUNIST PARTY.

    (a) Appropriate Committees of Congress.--In this section, the term 
``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
            (3) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
            (4) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of 
        the Senate;
            (5) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;
            (6) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (7) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (8) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
        House of Representatives;
            (9) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
        Representatives; and
            (10) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
        Representatives.
    (b) Determination.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a determination, including a 
        detailed justification, of whether the United Front Work 
        Department of the Chinese Communist Party, or any component or 
        official of such Department, meets the criteria for the 
        application of sanctions pursuant to--
                    (A) section 1263 of the Global Magnitsky Human 
                Rights Accountability Act (22 U.S.C. 10102);
                    (B) section 6 of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act 
                of 2020 (Public Law 116-145; 22 U.S.C. 6901 note);
                    (C) section 7 of the Hong Kong Human Rights and 
                Democracy Act of 2019 (Public Law 116-76);
                    (D) Executive Order 13694 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; 
                relating to blocking property of certain persons 
                engaged in significant malicious cyber-enabled 
                activities); or
                    (E) Executive Order 13848 (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.; 
                relating to foreign interference in United States 
                elections).
            (2) Form.--The determination required under paragraph (1) 
        shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a 
        classified annex.

SEC. 117. DEPARTMENT OF STATE LIST OF FOREIGN TALENT RECRUITMENT 
              PROGRAMS OF THE PRC.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney 
General, the Secretary of Defense, and the Director of National 
Intelligence, shall compile and publish in the Federal Register a list 
of foreign talent recruitment programs of the People's Republic of 
China.
    (b) Annual Review and Revision.--Not less frequently than annually, 
the Secretary shall--
            (1) review and revise the list compiled pursuant to 
        subsection (a); and
            (2) publish such revised list in the Federal Register.

SEC. 118. OVERSIGHT ON CLIMATE COOPERATION WITH THE PRC.

    (a) Report on Climate Cooperation With the PRC.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the 
        Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate 
        congressional committees that describes United States climate-
        related engagements with the PRC, including--
                    (A) all dialogues, working groups, and bilateral or 
                multilateral climate-related engagements with the PRC;
                    (B) all United States and PRC entities 
                participating in collaborative projects on climate-
                related issues resulting from United States climate-
                related diplomatic engagements, agreements, or 
                initiatives with the PRC;
                    (C) all joint economic projects related to United 
                States-PRC diplomatic engagements, agreements, or 
                initiatives related to climate; and
                    (D) all subnational climate-related diplomacy 
                facilitated by the United States Government or 
                resulting from United States-PRC climate-related 
                diplomatic engagements, agreements, or initiatives, 
                including--
                            (i) the United States, States, local 
                        governments, academic or research institutions, 
                        think tanks, commercial entities, or other 
                        organizations participating in such 
                        initiatives; and
                            (ii) PRC national or provincial government 
                        entities, academic or research institutions, 
                        think tanks, commercial entities, or other 
                        organizations participating in such 
                        initiatives.
            (2) Form of report.--The report required under paragraph 
        (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form.
    (b) Prohibition on Climate-Related Exemptions From Application of 
United States Sanctions, Export Controls, FARA Registration, and Other 
Regulations and Statues.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
climate-related engagement may not, on its own, form the basis of any 
decision to grant an exemption, approval, allowance, or exception 
from--
            (1) any statutory or regulatory actions or requirements 
        related to sanctions, export controls, foreign agent 
        registration or lobbying disclosure requirements; or
            (2) any other United States statutory and regulatory 
        requirements pertaining to the PRC.

SEC. 119. RESTRICTION ON ISSUANCE OF VISAS.

    (a) Restrictions for Senior PRC Officials and Members of the 
People's Liberation Army.--The Secretary may not issue a visa to, and 
the Secretary of Homeland Security shall deny entry to, the United 
States of--
            (1) senior officials of the Chinese Communist Party, 
        including the Politburo, the Central Committee, and delegates 
        to the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party;
            (2) spouses and children of any senior official described 
        in paragraph (1);
            (3) members of the cabinet of the Government of the 
        People's Republic of China;
            (4) active duty members of the People's Liberation Army of 
        China; or
            (5) applicants from PRC universities that have a Memorandum 
        of Understanding (referred to in this paragraph as ``MOU'') or 
        other research or academic exchange agreement with a United 
        States institution of higher education, and are seeking to 
        study or work in the United States pursuant to such an 
        agreement, unless--
                    (A) the United States university has submitted such 
                MOU or similar agreement for a security review by the 
                Secretary of State and other relevant Federal agencies; 
                and
                    (B) the Secretary of State, in coordination with 
                other relevant agencies, has determined such MOU or 
                similar agreement--
                            (i) has sufficient safeguards against 
                        illicit knowledge and technology transfer to 
                        the PRC; and
                            (ii) does not facilitate foreign malign 
                        influence.
    (b) Applicability.--The restriction under subsection (a) shall not 
apply during any fiscal year in which the Director of National 
Intelligence certifies to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate 
and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives that 
the Government of the PRC has ceased sponsoring, funding, facilitating, 
and actively working to support efforts to infringe on the intellectual 
property rights of citizens and companies of the United States.

SEC. 120. MODIFYING INFORMATION ABOUT COUNTRIES EXPORTING 
              METHAMPHETAMINE INCLUDED IN THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL 
              NARCOTICS CONTROL STRATEGY REPORT.

    (a) International Narcotics Control Strategy Report.--Section 
489(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291h(a)) is 
amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``March 1'' and inserting ``June 1''; and
            (2) in paragraph (8)(A)(i), by striking ``pseudoephedrine'' 
        and all that follows through ``chemicals)'' and inserting 
        ``chemical precursors used in the production of methamphetamine 
        that significantly affected the United States''.
    (b) Study and Report on Bilateral Efforts To Address Chinese 
Fentanyl Trafficking.--
            (1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
                ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                            (i) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
                        Senate;
                            (ii) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
                        the Senate;
                            (iii) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
                        House of Representatives; and
                            (iv) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
                        the House of Representatives.
                    (B) China.--The term ``China'' means the People's 
                Republic of China.
                    (C) DEA.--The term ``DEA'' means the Drug 
                Enforcement Administration.
            (2) China's class scheduling of fentanyl and synthetic 
        opioid precursors.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Attorney 
        General shall jointly submit to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress an unclassified written report, with a classified 
        annex, that includes--
                    (A) a description of United States Government 
                efforts to gain a commitment from the Government of 
                China to submit unregulated fentanyl precursors, such 
                as 4-Aminopyridine, to controls;
                    (B) a plan for future steps the United States 
                Government will take to urge the Government of China to 
                combat illicit fentanyl production and trafficking 
                originating in China;
                    (C) a detailed description of cooperation by the 
                Government of China to address the role of the Chinese 
                financial system and Chinese money laundering 
                organizations in the trafficking of fentanyl and 
                synthetic opioid precursors;
                    (D) an assessment of expected impact that the 
                designation of principal corporate officers of Chinese 
                financial institutions for facilitating narcotics-
                related money laundering would have on Chinese money 
                laundering organizations; and
                    (E) an assessment of whether the Trilateral 
                Fentanyl Committee, which was established by the United 
                States, Canada, and Mexico during the January 2023 
                North American Leaders' Summit, is improving 
                cooperation with law enforcement and financial 
                regulators in Canada and Mexico to combat the role of 
                Chinese financial institutions and Chinese money 
                laundering organizations in narcotics trafficking.
            (3) Establishment of dea offices in china.--Not later than 
        180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
        Secretary and the Attorney General shall jointly provide to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a classified briefing 
        regarding--
                    (A) outreach and negotiations that have been 
                undertaken by the United States Government with the 
                Government of China aimed at securing the approval of 
                the Government of China to establish United States Drug 
                Enforcement Administration offices in Shanghai and 
                Guangzhou, China; and
                    (B) additional efforts that have been undertaken to 
                establish new partnerships with provincial-level 
                authorities in China to counter the illicit trafficking 
                of fentanyl, fentanyl analogues, and their precursors.
    (c) Prioritization of Identification of Persons From the People's 
Republic of China.--Section 7211 of the Fentanyl Sanctions Act (21 
U.S.C. 2311) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as 
                paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Prioritization.--
                    ``(A) Defined term.--In this paragraph, the term 
                `person of the Peoples Republic of China' means--
                            ``(i) an individual who is a citizen or 
                        national of the People's Republic of China; or
                            ``(ii) an entity organized under the laws 
                        of the People's Republic of China or otherwise 
                        subject to the jurisdiction of the Government 
                        of the People's Republic of China.
                    ``(B) In general.--In preparing the report required 
                under paragraph (1), the President shall prioritize, to 
                the greatest extent practicable, the identification of 
                persons of the People's Republic of China involved in 
                the shipment of fentanyl, fentanyl analogues, fentanyl 
                precursors, precursors for fentanyl analogues, pre-
                precursors for fentanyl and fentanyl analogues, and 
                equipment for the manufacturing of fentanyl and 
                fentanyl-laced counterfeit pills to Mexico or any other 
                country that is involved in the production of fentanyl 
                trafficked into the United States, including--
                            ``(i) any entity involved in the production 
                        of pharmaceuticals; and
                            ``(ii) any person that is acting on behalf 
                        of any such entity.
                    ``(C) Termination of prioritization.--The President 
                shall continue the prioritization required under 
                subparagraph (B) until the President certifies to the 
                appropriate congressional committees that the People's 
                Republic of China is no longer the primary source for 
                the shipment of fentanyl, fentanyl analogues, fentanyl 
                precursors, precursors for fentanyl analogues, pre-
                precursors for fentanyl and fentanyl analogues, and 
                equipment for the manufacturing of fentanyl and 
                fentanyl-laced counterfeit pills to Mexico or any other 
                country that is involved in the production of fentanyl 
                trafficked into the United States.''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``the date that is 5 
        years after such date of enactment'' and inserting ``December 
        31, 2030''.
    (d) Expansion of Sanctions Under the Fentanyl Sanctions Act.--
Section 7212 of the Fentanyl Sanctions Act (21 U.S.C. 2312) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting a semicolon; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) the President determines has knowingly engaged in, or 
        attempted to engage in, an activity or transaction that has 
        materially contributed to opioid trafficking; or
            ``(4) the President determines--
                    ``(A) has received any property or interest in 
                property that the foreign person knows--
                            ``(i) constitutes or is derived from the 
                        proceeds of an activity or transaction 
                        described in paragraph (1); or
                            ``(ii) was used or intended to be used to 
                        commit or to facilitate such an activity or 
                        transaction;
                    ``(B) has knowingly provided, or attempted to 
                provide, financial, material, or technological support 
                for, including through the provision of goods or 
                services in support of--
                            ``(i) any activity or transaction described 
                        in paragraph (1); or
                            ``(ii) any foreign person described in 
                        paragraph (1); or
                    ``(C) is or has been owned, controlled, or directed 
                by any foreign person described in paragraph (1) or 
                subparagraph (A) or (B), or has knowingly acted or 
                purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or 
                indirectly, such a foreign person.''.
    (e) Imposition of Sanctions With Respect to Agencies or 
Instrumentalities of Foreign States.--The President shall--
            (1) impose one or more of the sanctions described in 
        section 7213 of the Fentanyl Sanctions Act (21 U.S.C. 2313) 
        with respect to each agency or instrumentality of a foreign 
        state (as defined in section 1603(b) of title 28, United States 
        Code) that the President determines--
                    (A) has engaged in, or attempted to engage in, an 
                activity or transaction that has materially contributed 
                to opioid trafficking; or
                    (B) has provided, or attempted to provide, 
                financial, material, or technological support for, 
                (including through the provision of goods or services 
                in support of) any activity or transaction described in 
                subparagraph (A); or
            (2) impose the sanction described in section 7213(a)(6) of 
        the Fentanyl Sanctions Act (21 U.S.C. 2313(a)(6)) on each 
        foreign person the President determines--
                    (A) is a senior official of an agency or 
                instrumentality of a foreign state described in 
                paragraph (1); or
                    (B) is or has been owned, controlled, or directed 
                by an agency or instrumentality of a foreign state 
                described in paragraph (1), or has knowingly acted or 
                purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or 
                indirectly, such a foreign state.

SEC. 121. REPORT ON VIOLATIONS OF AMERICAN DIPLOMATIC CORPS PRIVILEGES 
              AND IMMUNITIES.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary 
shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that 
includes--
            (1) a detailed description of each case when United States 
        diplomats had their privileges and immunities (as set forth in 
        the Convention on Diplomatic Relations, done at Vienna April 
        18, 1961) were violated while serving in the PRC; and
            (2) a review of efforts undertaken by the Department of 
        State to mitigate or otherwise respond to such violations of 
        United States diplomats' privileges and immunities.

SEC. 122. ANNUAL REPORT ON THE PRC'S DIPLOMATIC MISSION ENGAGEMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than March 1, 2024, and annually 
thereafter, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate 
congressional committees that details all official meetings, 
conferences, events, activities, or travel within the United States 
organized or participated in by PRC diplomatic missions in the United 
States that were approved by or notified to the Office of Foreign 
Missions.
    (b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a) shall 
include--
            (1) the date, time, and location of the engagement;
            (2) the purpose and nature of the engagement, including any 
        official meetings, conferences, events, or activities organized 
        or participated in by the PRC diplomatic missions;
            (3) the format of the engagement, including in-person, on-
        site, virtually, or any other format that was approved by or 
        notified to the Office of Foreign Missions;
            (4) the identities and official positions of all 
        individuals involved in the engagement, including members of 
        the PRC diplomatic missions and host organizations;
            (5) a detailed description of the topics, matters, or 
        issues discussed or addressed during the engagement;
            (6) any agreements, arrangements, or memoranda of 
        understanding reached during the engagement;
            (7) any security or legal concerns raised or addressed as a 
        result of the engagement;
            (8) a summary of the Department of State's evaluation of 
        the potential impact of the engagement on United States 
        national security, foreign policy, and economic interests;
            (9) any actions or measures taken by the Department of 
        State to address concerns or mitigate risks related to the 
        engagement; and
            (10) any other relevant information deemed necessary by the 
        Secretary.
    (c) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) may be 
submitted in classified or unclassified form.

SEC. 123. RESTRICTIONS ON FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE PRC IN ELEMENTARY AND 
              SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE UNITED STATES.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered school.--The term ``covered school'' means a 
        public or private elementary school or secondary school in the 
        United States that receives Federal funds.
            (2) Elementary school; secondary school.--The terms 
        ``elementary school'' and ``secondary school'' have the 
        meanings given such terms in section 8101 of the Elementary and 
        Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
    (b) In General.--A foreign mission of the PRC in the United States 
may not engage in any activity described in subsection (c) with a 
covered school unless United States missions in the PRC have comparable 
access to educational institutions in the PRC.
    (c) Activities Described.--Activities described in this subsection 
are--
            (1) providing financial support to a covered school;
            (2) offering educational materials, textbooks, or 
        curriculum resources to a covered school;
            (3) organizing a seminar, lecture, or other event at a 
        covered school;
            (4) conducting political propaganda or promoting the 
        interests of the Chinese Communist Party, the Government of the 
        PRC, or affiliated groups in any form at a covered school;
            (5) establishing or funding a Confucius Institute or 
        similar language or cultural entity at a covered school;
            (6) coordinating a visit or exchange of students, teachers, 
        or administrators of a covered school to the PRC or with the 
        Government of the PRC or entities or members of the Chinese 
        Communist Party; and
            (7) any other activity that may compromise the academic 
        independence and objectivity of elementary and secondary school 
        education in the United States.
    (d) Enforcement.--
            (1) Reporting.--Any covered school that discovers any 
        attempt by a foreign mission of the PRC to engage in an 
        activity described in subsection (c) at the covered school 
        shall immediately report such attempt to the Department of 
        State and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
            (2) Sanctions.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary, in coordination 
                with the heads of relevant Federal agencies, may impose 
                appropriate sanctions, including the sanctions 
                described in subparagraph (B), with respect to any 
                foreign mission of the PRC that has engaged in an 
                activity described in subsection (c) with a covered 
                school.
                    (B) Sanctions described.--The sanctions described 
                in this paragraph--
                            (i) diplomatic protests;
                            (ii) restrictions on the travel and 
                        activities of diplomatic personnel of the PRC;
                            (iii) revocation or restriction of 
                        diplomatic privileges and immunities for such 
                        personnel;
                            (iv) expulsion of such personnel; and
                            (v) any other measures that the Secretary 
                        deems necessary to protect the academic 
                        independence and objectivity of elementary and 
                        secondary school education in the United 
                        States.
    (e) Congressional Oversight.--Not later than 14 days after any 
attempt by a foreign mission of the PRC to engage in an activity 
described in subsection (c), the Secretary shall submit a report 
describing such attempted engagement to the appropriate congressional 
committees, the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, and the 
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of 
Representatives.

SEC. 124. OFFICE OF THE SPECIAL ENVOY FOR CRITICAL AND EMERGING 
              TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) Defined Term.--In this section, the term ``critical and 
emerging technologies'' means the technologies listed on the critical 
and emerging technologies list published by the National Science and 
Technology Council at the Office of Science and Technology Policy, as 
amended by subsequent updates to such list.
    (b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish an Office of the 
Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology (referred to in this 
section as the ``Office''), which shall be located within the Bureau of 
Cyberspace and Digital Policy.
    (c) Leadership.--The Office shall be headed by a Special Envoy for 
Critical and Emerging Technology (referred to in this section as the 
``Special Envoy''), who shall--
            (1) be appointed by the President, by and with the advice 
        and consent of the Senate;
            (2) have the rank and status of ambassador; and
            (3) report to the Ambassador at Large for Cyberspace and 
        Digital Policy.
    (d) Membership.--The Office may include representatives, or expert 
detailees from key Federal agencies or research and technology-focused 
fellowship programs, as determined by the Special Envoy and with the 
consent of the Ambassador-at-Large for Cyberspace and Digital Policy, 
in coordination with appropriate senior officials of such agencies.
    (e) Functions.--The Office shall--
            (1) establish, in coordination with relevant bureaus, 
        offices, and other Federal agencies, an interagency security 
        review process for proposals regarding United States 
        Government-funded international collaboration on critical and 
        emerging technologies and associated research;
            (2) establish and coordinate an interagency strategy to 
        facilitate international cooperation with United States allies 
        and partners regarding the development, use, and deployment of 
        critical and emerging technologies and associated standards and 
        safeguards for research security, intellectual property 
        protection, and illicit knowledge transfer;
            (3) facilitate technology partnerships, particularly with 
        countries and relevant political and economic unions that are 
        committed to--
                    (A) the rule of law and respect for human rights, 
                including freedom of speech and expression;
                    (B) the safe and responsible development and use of 
                critical and emerging technologies and the 
                establishment of related norms and standards, including 
                for research security and the protection of sensitive 
                data and technology;
                    (C) a secure internet architecture governed by a 
                multi-stakeholder model instead of centralized 
                government control;
                    (D) robust international cooperation to promote 
                open and interoperable technological products and 
                services that are necessary to freedom, innovation, 
                transparency, and privacy; and
                    (E) multilateral coordination, including through 
                diplomatic initiatives, information sharing, and other 
                activities, to defend the principles described in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (D) against efforts by state 
                and non-state actors to undermine them;
            (4) support efforts to harmonize technology governance 
        regimes with partners by--
                    (A) coordinating on basic and pre-competitive 
                research and development initiatives; and
                    (B) collaborating to pursue such opportunities in 
                certain critical and emerging technologies;
            (5) coordinate with other technology partners regarding 
        export control policies for critical and emerging technologies 
        by countering illicit knowledge and data transfer relating to 
        critical and emerging technology research;
            (6) conduct diplomatic engagement, in coordination with 
        other bureaus, offices, and relevant Federal departments and 
        agencies, with allies and partners to develop standards and 
        coordinate policies designed to counter illicit knowledge and 
        data transfer in academia relating to critical and emerging 
        technology research;
            (7) coordinate with allies, partners, and other relevant 
        Federal agencies to prevent the exploitation of research 
        partnerships related to critical and emerging technologies;
            (8) in coordination with the Bureau for Cyberspace and 
        Digital Policy's Digital Freedom Unit, share information 
        regarding--
                    (A) the threat posed by the transfer of critical 
                and emerging technologies to authoritarian governments, 
                including the PRC and the Russian Federation; and
                    (B) the ways in which autocratic regimes are 
                utilizing technology to erode individual freedoms and 
                other foundations of open, democratic societies; and
            (9) collaborate with private companies, trade associations, 
        and think tanks to carry out the functions described in 
        paragraphs (1) through (8).
    (f) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the 
Secretary, in coordination with the Director of National Intelligence 
and other relevant Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees an unclassified report, with a 
classified index, if necessary, regarding--
            (1) the activities of the Office described in subsection 
        (e), including--
                    (A) any cooperative initiatives and partnerships 
                pursued with United States allies and partners; and
                    (B) the results of such activities, initiatives, 
                and partnerships; and
            (2) the activities of the Government of the PRC, the 
        Chinese Communist Party, and the Russian Federation in sectors 
        related to certain critical and emerging technologies and the 
        threats they pose to the United States; and
            (3) an inventory of all international research and 
        development programs for critical and emerging technologies 
        funded by the United States Government that include 
        participation by institutions or organizations that are 
        affiliated with or receive support from the Government of the 
        PRC or the Government of the Russian Federation.

SEC. 125. ENHANCED CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION REGARDING SCIENCE AND 
              TECHNOLOGY AGREEMENTS WITH THE PRC.

    (a) Notification Required.--Title I of the State Department Basic 
Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a et seq.) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:

``SEC. 65. CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION REGARDING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
              AGREEMENTS WITH THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        `appropriate congressional committees' means--
                    ``(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate; and
                    ``(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives.
            ``(2) Science and technology agreement.--The term `science 
        and technology agreement' means any treaty, memorandum of 
        understanding, or other contract or agreement between the 
        United States and 1 or more foreign countries for the purpose 
        of--
                    ``(A) collaborating on or otherwise engaging in 
                joint activities relating to scientific research, 
                technological development; or
                    ``(B) sharing scientific or technical knowledge or 
                resources between such countries.
    ``(b) Notification Required.--The Secretary of State may not enter 
into, renew, or extend any science and technology agreement with the 
People's Republic of China unless--
            ``(1) the Secretary submits to the appropriate 
        congressional committees a notification containing each of the 
        matters described in subsection (c); and
            ``(2) a period of not less than 30 days has elapsed 
        following such submission.
    ``(c) Matters Described.--The matters described in this subsection 
are, with respect to the science and technology agreement for which a 
notification is submitted--
            ``(1) a written notice of such agreement, including the 
        full text of such agreement;
            ``(2) a detailed justification for such agreement, 
        including an explanation for why such agreement is in the 
        national security interests of the United States;
            ``(3) an assessment of the risks and potential effects of 
        such agreement, including any potential for the transfer under 
        such agreement of technology or intellectual property capable 
        of harming the national security interests of the United 
        States;
            ``(4) a detailed justification for how the Secretary of 
        State intends to address human rights concerns in any 
        scientific and technology collaboration proposed to be 
        conducted under such agreement;
            ``(5) an assessment of the extent to which the Secretary 
        will be able to continuously monitor the commitments made by 
        the People's Republic of China under such agreement; and
            ``(6) such other information relating to such agreement as 
        the Secretary may be determine appropriate.''.
    (b) Applicability.--
            (1) Definitions.--In this subsection, the terms 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' and ``science and 
        technology agreement'' have the meanings given such terms in 
        section 65(a) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 
        1956, as added by subsection (a),.
            (2) In general.--The requirements under section 65 of such 
        Act shall apply with respect to science and technology 
        agreements entered into, renewed, or extended on or after the 
        date of the enactment of this Act.
            (3) Existing agreements.--Any science and technology 
        agreement between the Secretary of State and the PRC in effect 
        as of the date of the enactment of this Act shall be revoked 
        unless, not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment 
        of this Act, the Secretary submits to the appropriate 
        congressional committees a notification of such agreement 
        containing each of the matters described in section 65(c) of 
        such Act.

   TITLE II--ADVANCING UNITED STATES AND PARTNER ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

SEC. 201. DEFINED TERM.

    In this title, the term ``strategic infrastructure'' means 
infrastructure for which a primary driver of the United States national 
interest in such infrastructure is--
            (1) to advance the national security or economic security 
        interests of the United States or of the country in which such 
        infrastructure is located; or
            (2) to deny foreign adversaries of the United States 
        ownership or control over such infrastructure.

SEC. 202. AUTHORIZATION OF PARTNERSHIP FOR GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND 
              INVESTMENT.

    (a) In General.--The Partnership for Global Infrastructure and 
Investment is authorized to deploy United States public and private 
sector capital and expertise for the purpose of mobilizing foreign 
public and private sector capital and expertise--
            (1) to help identify and meet the strategic infrastructure 
        needs of countries that are allies and partners of the United 
        States; and
            (2) to provide allies and partners of the United States 
        with mutually beneficial strategic infrastructure investment 
        solutions that are alternatives to exploitative, coercive, or 
        harmful foreign infrastructure investments.
    (b) Prioritization.--In evaluating proposals for strategic 
infrastructure projects funded through the Partnership for Global 
Infrastructure and Investment, the Secretary shall prioritize--
            (1) projects that have the highest strategic value to the 
        United States; and
            (2) projects involving--
                    (A) strategic transport infrastructure, including 
                ports, airports, intermodal transfer facilities, 
                railroads, and highways;
                    (B) energy infrastructure, technology, and supply 
                chains, critical minerals, and related areas that align 
                with the officially conveyed energy needs of partner 
                countries and with the objective of maximizing such 
                countries' energy access, energy security, energy 
                transition and modernization, and resilience needs;
                    (C) secure information and communications 
                technology systems, networks and infrastructure to 
                strengthen the potential for economic growth and 
                facilitate open digital societies; and
                    (D) global health security, including 
                infrastructure projects that increase the availability, 
                accessibility, and affordability of health care in 
                partner countries.
    (c) Standards.--In carrying out the purposes described in 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall adhere to standards for transparent 
and high-quality infrastructure investment and ensure projects include 
opportunities to advance economic growth priorities in the partner 
country and support good governance and the rule of law. The 
Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment may only use 
environmental, social, or governance standards, including as criteria 
for project selection, which are consistent with United States law or 
international agreements that have been approved by Congress.
    (d) Projects in High Income Countries.--Support under the 
Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment may not be 
provided in countries with high-income economies (as defined by the 
World Bank) unless the President certifies to the appropriate 
congressional committees that such support--
            (1) is necessary to preempt or counter efforts by a 
        strategic competitor of the United States to secure significant 
        political or economic leverage or acquire national security-
        sensitive technologies or infrastructure in a country that is 
        an ally or partner of the United States; and
            (2) includes cost-sharing arrangements with partner 
        countries to ensure effective burden-sharing and long-term 
        sustainability, including through the involvement of private 
        sector investments.
    (e) Limitation.--The Secretary may not exclude or otherwise limit 
the provision of funds that would otherwise have been available under 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) to support 
natural gas and civil nuclear energy projects, including market 
development, infrastructure, technology, or technical assistance, 
solely on the basis that such projects result in new carbon emissions 
or associated infrastructure.
    (f) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 2 
years, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate 
congressional committees that--
            (1) identifies all infrastructure projects supported by the 
        Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment;
            (2) describes how the Partnership for Global Infrastructure 
        and Investment supported each project;
            (3) explains why each project was chosen and how each 
        project advances the purposes of the Partnership for Global 
        Infrastructure and Investment and the priorities described in 
        subsection (b);
            (4) describes how the Partnership for Global Infrastructure 
        and Investment cooperates with other entities in the United 
        States Government that support infrastructure, including 
        deconfliction of efforts; and
            (5) describes the estimated timeline for completion of the 
        projects supported by the Partnership for Global Infrastructure 
        and Investment.
    (g) Qualifying Nonbinding Instruments.--Any memorandum of 
understanding or other non-binding instrument for projects supported by 
the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment shall be 
considered a qualifying non-binding instrument for purposes of section 
112b of title 1, United States Code.

SEC. 203. GLOBAL STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT FUND.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury of the 
United States a fund, which shall be known as the ``Strategic 
Infrastructure Investment Fund'' (referred to in this section as the 
``Fund''), consisting of such amounts as are deposited into the Fund 
pursuant to subsection (b).
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated, 
        for each of the fiscal years 2025 through 2029, $75,000,000, 
        which shall be deposited into the Fund for the purpose of 
        providing assistance, including through contributions, for 
        strategic infrastructure projects globally in accordance with 
        this section.
            (2) Transfers.--Amounts in the Fund may be transferred to 
        accounts within the Department of State, the United States 
        Agency for International Development, the Export-Import Bank, 
        the United States International Development Finance 
        Corporation, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, and the 
        United States Trade and Development Agency, as appropriate, to 
        be used for the purpose described in paragraph (1).
            (3) Consultation.--The Secretary shall consult with the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development regarding allocations from the Fund.
            (4) Use of funds.--Amounts transferred to the Export-Import 
        Bank and the United States International Development Finance 
        Corporation may be made available for the costs of direct loans 
        and loan guarantees (as defined in section 502(3) of the 
        Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 661a(3)), including 
        the cost of modifying such loans and loan guarantees.
            (5) Notification.--Not later than 15 days before obligating 
        funds appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary 
        shall submit a written notification to the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the Senate, the Committee on Foreign 
        Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Appropriations of the 
        House of Representatives, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
        of the House of Representatives that outlines the amount and 
        proposed use of such funds.
    (c) Prioritization.--In evaluating proposals for strategic 
infrastructure projects receiving funding from the Fund, the Secretary 
shall prioritize--
            (1) projects that have the highest strategic value to the 
        United States; and
            (2) projects involving--
                    (A) strategic transport infrastructure, including 
                ports, airports, railroads, and highways;
                    (B) energy infrastructure, technology, and supply 
                chains, critical minerals, and related areas that align 
                with the officially conveyed energy needs of partner 
                countries and with the objective of maximizing such 
                countries' energy access, energy security, energy 
                transition, and resilience needs;
                    (C) secure information and communications 
                technology networks and infrastructure to strengthen 
                the potential for economic growth and facilitate open 
                digital societies; and
                    (D) global health security, including through 
                infrastructure projects that increase the availability, 
                accessibility, and affordability of health care in 
                partner countries.
    (d) Standards.--In evaluating proposals for strategic 
infrastructure projects seeking funding from the Fund, the Secretary 
shall--
            (1) comply with standards for transparent and high-quality 
        infrastructure investment;
            (2) ensure projects selected include opportunities--
                    (A) to advance economic growth priorities in the 
                partner country; and
                    (B) to support good governance and the rule of law; 
                and
            (3) only use environmental, social, or governance 
        standards, including as criteria for project selection, which 
        are consistent with United States law or international 
        agreements that have been approved by Congress.
    (e) Limitation.--The Secretary may not exclude or otherwise limit 
the provision of funds that would otherwise have been available under 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) to support 
natural gas and civil nuclear energy projects, including market 
development, infrastructure, technology, or technical assistance, 
solely on the basis that such projects result in new carbon emissions 
or associated infrastructure.
    (f) Projects in High-Income Countries.--Amounts from the Fund may 
not be provided in countries with high-income economies (as defined by 
the World Bank) unless the President certifies to the appropriate 
congressional committees that such support--
            (1) is necessary to preempt or counter efforts by a 
        strategic competitor of the United States to secure significant 
        political or economic leverage or acquire national security-
        sensitive technologies or infrastructure in a country that is 
        an ally or partner of the United States; and
            (2) includes cost-sharing arrangements with partner 
        countries to ensure effective burden-sharing and long-term 
        sustainability.
    (g) Qualifying Non-Binding Instruments.--Any memorandum of 
understanding or other non-binding instrument for projects supported by 
the Fund shall be considered a qualifying non-binding instrument for 
purposes of section 112b of title 1, United States Code.

SEC. 204. INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSACTION AND ASSISTANCE NETWORK.

    (a) Authority.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, is authorized to establish an initiative, to be known as 
the ``Infrastructure Transaction and Assistance Network'', under which 
the Secretary, in consultation with other relevant Federal agencies, 
shall carry out various programs to advance the development of 
sustainable, transparent, and quality infrastructure with higher 
standards in the Indo-Pacific region by--
            (1) strengthening capacity-building programs to improve 
        project evaluation processes, regulatory and procurement 
        environments, and project preparation capacity of countries 
        that are partners of the United States in such development;
            (2) providing transaction advisory services and project 
        preparation assistance to support sustainable infrastructure;
            (3) coordinating the provision of United States assistance 
        for the development of infrastructure, including infrastructure 
        that uses United States-manufactured goods and services; and
            (4) catalyzing investment led by the private sector.
    (b) Transaction Advisory Fund.--As part of the Infrastructure 
Transaction and Assistance Network established pursuant to subsection 
(a), the Secretary is authorized to provide support, including through 
the Transaction Advisory Fund, for advisory services to help boost the 
capacity of partner countries to evaluate contracts and assess the 
financial and environmental impacts of potential infrastructure 
projects, including through providing services such as--
            (1) legal services;
            (2) project preparation and feasibility studies;
            (3) debt sustainability analyses;
            (4) bid or proposal evaluation; and
            (5) other services relevant to advancing the development of 
        sustainable, transparent, and high-quality infrastructure.
    (c) Indo-Pacific Strategic Infrastructure Fund.--
            (1) In general.--As part of the Infrastructure Transaction 
        and Assistance Network established pursuant to subsection (a), 
        the Secretary is authorized to provide support, including 
        through the Indo-Pacific Strategic Infrastructure Fund, for 
        technical assistance, project preparation, pipeline 
        development, and other infrastructure project support.
            (2) Joint strategic infrastructure projects.--Funds made 
        available for the Indo-Pacific Strategic Infrastructure Fund 
        should be used, in consultation with the Department of Defense, 
        the United States International Development Finance 
        Corporation, like-minded donor partners, and multilateral 
        banks, as appropriate, to support joint infrastructure projects 
        in the Indo-Pacific region.
            (3) Strategic infrastructure projects.--Funds made 
        available for the Indo-Pacific Strategic Infrastructure Fund 
        should be used to support strategic infrastructure projects 
        that are in the national security interest of the United States 
        and vulnerable to strategic competitors.
    (d) Reports.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, and semiannually thereafter for the 
        following 3 years, the President shall submit a report to the 
        appropriate congressional committees that includes--
                    (A) the identification of infrastructure projects, 
                particularly in the transport, energy, and digital 
                sectors, that the United States is currently supporting 
                or is considering supporting through financing, foreign 
                assistance, technical assistance, or other means;
                    (B) for each project identified pursuant to 
                subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) the sector of the project; and
                            (ii) the recipient country of any such 
                        United States support;
                    (C) a detailed explanation of the United States and 
                partner country interests served by such United States 
                support;
                    (D) a detailed accounting of the authorities and 
                programs upon which the United States Government has 
                relied in providing such support; and
                    (E) a detailed description of any support provided 
                by United States allies and partners for such projects.
            (2) Form.--Each report required under paragraph (1) shall 
        be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified 
        annex.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Infrastructure Transaction and Assistance Network, 
for each of the fiscal years 2025 through 2029, $75,000,000, of which--
            (1) $20,000,000 shall be made available for the Transaction 
        Advisory Fund; and
            (2) not less than $55,000,000 shall be made available for 
        the Indo-Pacific Strategic Infrastructure Fund.

SEC. 205. REGULATORY EXCHANGES WITH ALLIES AND PARTNERS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with the heads of 
other participating executive branch agencies, shall establish and 
develop a program to facilitate and encourage regular dialogues between 
United States Government regulatory and technical agencies and their 
counterpart organizations in allied and partner countries, both 
bilaterally and in relevant multilateral institutions and 
organizations--
            (1) to promote best practices in regulatory formation and 
        implementation;
            (2) to collaborate to achieve optimal regulatory outcomes 
        based on scientific, technical, and other relevant principles;
            (3) to seek better harmonization and alignment of 
        regulations and regulatory practices;
            (4) to build consensus around industry and technical 
        standards in emerging sectors that will drive future global 
        economic growth and commerce; and
            (5) to promote United States standards regarding 
        environmental, labor, and other relevant protections in 
        regulatory formation and implementation, in keeping with the 
        values of free and open societies, including the rule of law.
    (b) Prioritization of Activities.--In facilitating expert exchanges 
pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary shall prioritize--
            (1) bilateral coordination and collaboration with countries 
        where greater regulatory coherence, harmonization of standards, 
        or communication and dialogue between technical agencies is 
        achievable and best advances the economic and national security 
        interests of the United States;
            (2) multilateral coordination and collaboration where 
        greater regulatory coherence, harmonization of standards, or 
        dialogue on other relevant regulatory matters is achievable and 
        best advances the economic and national security interests of 
        the United States, including with--
                    (A) the European Union;
                    (B) the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation;
                    (C) the Association of Southeast Asian Nations;
                    (D) the Organization for Economic Cooperation and 
                Development; and
                    (E) multilateral development banks; and
            (3) regulatory practices and standards-setting bodies 
        focused on key economic sectors and emerging technologies.
    (c) Participation by Non-Governmental Entities.--With regard to the 
program described in subsection (a), the Secretary may facilitate, 
including through the use of amounts appropriated pursuant to 
subsection (e), the participation of private sector representatives and 
other relevant organizations and individuals with relevant expertise, 
as appropriate, to the extent that such participation advances the 
goals of such program.
    (d) Delegation of Authority by the Secretary.--The Secretary is 
authorized to delegate the responsibilities described in this section 
to the Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the 
Environment.

SEC. 206. AUTHORIZATION TO ASSIST UNITED STATES COMPANIES WITH GLOBAL 
              SUPPLY CHAIN DIVERSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT.

    (a) Definitions.--The terms ``foreign ownership, control, or 
influence'' and ``FOCI'' have the meanings given such terms in the 
National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (DOD 5220.22-M), 
or a successor document.
    (b) Authorization to Contract Services.--The Secretary, in 
coordination with the Secretary of Commerce, is authorized to establish 
a program to facilitate the contracting by the Department of State for 
the professional services of qualified experts, on a reimbursable fee 
for service basis, to assist interested United States persons and 
business entities with supply chain management issues related to the 
PRC, including--
            (1) exiting from the PRC market or relocating certain 
        production facilities to locations outside the PRC;
            (2) diversifying sources of inputs, and other efforts to 
        diversify supply chains to locations outside of the PRC;
            (3) navigating legal, regulatory, or other challenges in 
        the course of the activities described in paragraphs (1) and 
        (2); and
            (4) identifying alternative markets for production or 
        sourcing outside of the PRC, including through providing market 
        intelligence, facilitating contact with reliable local partners 
        as appropriate, and other services.
    (c) Chief of Mission Oversight.--The persons hired to perform the 
services described in subsection (b) shall--
            (1) be under the authority of the United States Chief of 
        Mission in the country in which they are hired, in accordance 
        with existing United States laws;
            (2) coordinate with Department of State and Department of 
        Commerce officers; and
            (3) coordinate with United States missions and relevant 
        local partners in other countries as needed to carry out the 
        services described in subsection (b).
    (d) Prioritization of Micro-, Small-, and Medium-Sized 
Enterprises.--The services described in subsection (b) shall be 
prioritized for assisting micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises 
with regard to the matters described in subsection (b).
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
        $15,000,000, for each of the fiscal years 2025 through 2029, 
        for the purposes of carrying out this section.
            (2) Prohibition on access to assistance by foreign 
        adversaries.--None of the amounts appropriated pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) may be provided to an entity--
                    (A) under the foreign ownership, control, or 
                influence of the Government of the People's Republic of 
                China or the Chinese Communist Party, or other foreign 
                adversary;
                    (B) determined to have beneficial ownership from 
                foreign individuals subject to the jurisdiction, 
                direction, or influence of foreign adversaries; and
                    (C) that has any contract in effect at the time of 
                the receipt of such funds, or has had a contract within 
                the previous year that is no longer in effect, with--
                            (i) the Government of the People's Republic 
                        of China;
                            (ii) the Chinese Communist Party;
                            (iii) the Chinese military;
                            (iv) any entity majority-owned, majority-
                        controlled, or majority-financed by the 
                        Government of the People's Republic of China, 
                        the CCP, or the Chinese military; or
                            (v) a parent, subsidiary, or affiliate of 
                        an entity described in clause (iv).

SEC. 207. INVESTING IN TALENT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, THE PACIFIC ISLANDS, 
              SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, AND LATIN AMERICA.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives; and
                    (D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives.
            (2) Pacific islands.--The term ``Pacific Islands'' means 
        the countries of Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, 
        Kiribati, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Marshall 
        Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.
            (3) Southeast asia.--The term ``Southeast Asia'' means the 
        countries of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, 
        Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, 
        Vietnam, and Timor-Leste.
            (4) Sub-saharan africa.--The term ``sub-Saharan Africa'' 
        means a country or successor political entity defined in 
        section 107 of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (19 
        U.S.C. 3706).
            (5) Latin america and the caribbean.--In this section, the 
        term ``Latin America and the Caribbean'' does not include Cuba, 
        Nicaragua, or Venezuela.
    (b) Establishment of Centers of Excellence.--The Secretary, in 
coordination with the heads of relevant Federal departments and 
agencies, is authorized to enter into public-private partnerships and 
establish centers of excellence located in countries in Southeast Asia, 
Pacific Islands, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America and the 
Caribbean to build and enhance the technical capacity of officials, 
emerging leaders, and other qualified persons from countries in those 
regions.
    (c) Priority Areas for Technical Assistance and Capacity 
Building.--The centers of excellence established pursuant to subsection 
(b) shall provide technical assistance and capacity building in--
            (1) domestic resource mobilization;
            (2) regulatory management;
            (3) procurement processes, including tendering, bidding, 
        and contract negotiation;
            (4) budget management and oversight; and
            (5) management of key economic sectors, including energy, 
        digital economy, and infrastructure.
    (d) Terms and Conditions.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall--
            (1) leverage existing United States foreign assistance 
        programs and activities in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, 
        Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, which may include 
        assistance provided under--
                    (A) future leaders initiatives, such as the Young 
                Southeast Asia Leaders Initiative and the Young Pacific 
                Leaders Program;
                    (B) the American Schools and Hospitals Abroad 
                program;
                    (C) the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 
                7701 et seq.);
                    (D) United States Support for Economic Growth in 
                Asia;
                    (E) programs related to the Asia-Pacific Economic 
                Community;
                    (F) the Young African Leaders Initiative;
                    (G) the Young Leaders of the Americas Initiative; 
                and
                    (H) other relevant education or scholarship 
                programs;
            (2) support the program by ensuring that participation of 
        instructors who--
                    (A)(i) are serving in relevant areas of the United 
                States Government with a rank of not less than 14 on 
                the General Schedule (GS-14); or
            (ii) possess at least 10 years of experience relevant to 
        the areas of instruction described in subsection (c);
                    (B) meet high professional standards within their 
                fields; and
                    (C)(i) are contracted by any center of excellence 
                established pursuant to subsection (b); or
            (ii) are deployed or detailed directly from a Federal 
        Government agency;
            (3) seek to attract participants who--
                    (A)(i) are serving as senior or mid-career 
                officials in key technical ministries of participating 
                countries in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, sub-
                Saharan Africa, or Latin America and the Caribbean;
            (ii) have demonstrated leadership potential and direct 
        responsibility for crafting or implementing policies relevant 
        to the areas of instruction described in subsection (c); or
            (iii) demonstrate an intent to return to government service 
        after completing the program outlined in this section; or
                    (B) are employed in utilities, publicly or 
                privately owned companies, or other nongovernmental 
                entities responsible for implementing policy and 
                regulation or supporting government functions in the 
                areas of instruction described in subsection (c); and
            (4) require financial or in-kind contributions from 
        participating governments that is commensurate with the gross 
        domestic product of the countries governed by such governments.
    (e) Authorization To Enter Into Memoranda of Understanding.--In 
order to fulfill the terms and conditions described in subsection (d), 
the Secretary is authorized to enter into memoranda of understanding 
with participating governments to determine--
            (1) the financial or in-kind contributions that will be 
        made by the United States; and
            (2) the financial or in-kind contributions will be made by 
        the participating government with respect to the activities 
        described in this section.
    (f) Specification for Memoranda of Understanding.--The value of 
financial or in-kind contributions by the United States and a 
particular participating government should be assessed to ensure an 
appropriate level of contribution by an entity mutually decided upon by 
the United States and such government.
    (g) Consultation and Reporting Requirements.--
            (1) Consultation.--The Secretary shall consult with the 
        appropriate committees of Congress before obligating funds 
        appropriated pursuant to subsection (h).
            (2) Annual report.--The Secretary shall submit an annual 
        report to the appropriate committees of Congress that--
                    (A) describes--
                            (i) the activities of the program 
                        authorized under this section;
                            (ii) all of the major activities during the 
                        most recently concluded fiscal year;
                            (iii) the financial and other contributions 
                        of the United States Government to the program; 
                        and
                            (iv) the contributions made by governments 
                        in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, sub-
                        Saharan Africa, or Latin America and the 
                        Caribbean; and
                    (B) assesses--
                            (i) the program's successes; and
                            (ii) any required authorities, funding, or 
                        other alterations to improve the program's 
                        effectiveness.
    (h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated $45,000,000 for the 4-year period beginning on October 1, 
2024, to carry out this section.

SEC. 208. PILOT PROGRAM TO AUDIT BARRIERS TO COMMERCE IN DEVELOPING 
              PARTNER COUNTRIES.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a pilot program--
            (1) to identify and evaluate barriers to commerce in 
        developing countries that are allies and partners of the United 
        States; and
            (2) to provide assistance to promote economic development 
        and commerce to such countries.
    (b) Purposes.--Under the pilot program established pursuant to 
subsection (a), the Secretary, in partnership with the countries 
selected pursuant to subsection (c)(1), shall--
            (1) identify barriers in such countries to enhancing 
        international commerce with the goal of setting priorities for 
        the efficient use of United States trade-related assistance;
            (2) focus United States trade-related assistance on 
        building self-sustaining institutional capacity for expanding 
        commerce with those countries, consistent with their 
        international obligations and commitments; and
            (3) further the national interests of the United States 
        by--
                    (A) expanding prosperity through the elimination of 
                foreign barriers to commercial exchange;
                    (B) assisting such countries to identify and reduce 
                barriers through the provision of foreign assistance to 
                increase--
                            (i) international commerce; and
                            (ii) foreign investment;
                    (C) assisting each such country in undertaking 
                reforms that will promote economic development, and 
                promote conditions favorable for business and 
                commercial development and job growth in the country; 
                and
                    (D) assisting private sector entities in those 
                countries to engage in reform efforts and enhance 
                productive global supply chain partnerships with the 
                United States and allies and partners of the United 
                States.
    (c) Selection of Countries.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall select countries for 
        participation in the pilot program established pursuant to 
        subsection (a) from among countries--
                    (A) that are--
                            (i) developing countries; and
                            (ii) allies and partners of the United 
                        States;
                    (B) the governments of which have clearly 
                demonstrated a willingness to make appropriate legal, 
                policy, and regulatory reforms that are proven to 
                stimulate economic growth and job creation, consistent 
                with international trade rules and practices; and
                    (C) that meet such additional criteria as may be 
                established by the Secretary, in consultation with the 
                Administrator of the United States Agency for 
                International Development, and the head of any other 
                Federal agency, as appropriate.
            (2) Considerations for additional criteria.--In 
        establishing additional criteria pursuant to paragraph (1)(C), 
        the Secretary and the Administrator shall--
                    (A)(i) identify and address structural weaknesses, 
                systemic flaws, or other impediments within countries 
                being considered for participation in the pilot program 
                that impact the effectiveness of United States 
                assistance; and
            (ii) make recommendations for addressing such weaknesses, 
        flaws, and impediments;
                    (B) set priorities for commercial development 
                assistance building to focus resources on countries in 
                which the provision of such assistance can deliver the 
                best value in identifying and eliminating barriers to 
                trade and investment, including by fostering adherence 
                to international trade obligations;
                    (C) developing appropriate performance measures and 
                establishing annual targets to monitor and assess 
                progress toward such targets, including measures to be 
                used to terminate the provision of assistance 
                determined to be ineffective; and
                    (D) ensure representation from across multiple 
                geographic regions.
            (3) Number and deadline for selections.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the 
                date of the enactment of this Act, and annually 
                thereafter for the following 3 years, the Secretary, 
                with the concurrence of the Administrator of the United 
                States Agency for International Development, shall 
                select countries for participation in the pilot program 
                established pursuant to subsection (a).
                    (B) Number.--The Secretary shall select for 
                participation in the pilot program--
                            (i) not fewer than 5 countries during the 
                        1-year period beginning on the date of the 
                        enactment of this Act; and
                            (ii) not fewer than 15 countries during the 
                        5-year period beginning on such date of 
                        enactment.
            (4) Prioritization based on recommendations from chiefs of 
        mission.--In selecting countries for participation in the pilot 
        program, the Secretary shall prioritize--
                    (A) countries recommended by chiefs of mission and 
                other agencies present at the missions, such as the 
                United States Agency for International Development--
                            (i) that will be able to substantially 
                        benefit from expanded commercial development 
                        assistance; and
                            (ii) the governments of which have 
                        demonstrated the political will to effectively 
                        and sustainably implement such assistance; or
                    (B) groups of countries, including groups of 
                geographically contiguous countries recommended by 
                chiefs of mission, that--
                            (i) meet the criteria described in 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                            (ii) as a result of expanded United States 
                        commercial development assistance, will 
                        contribute to greater intra-regional commerce 
                        or regional economic integration.
    (d) Plans of Action.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development, as appropriate, shall lead in engaging relevant 
        government officials of each country selected pursuant to 
        subsection (c) to participate in the pilot program established 
        pursuant to subsection (a) with respect to the development of a 
        plan of action to identify and evaluate barriers to economic 
        and commercial development that then informs United States 
        assistance.
            (2) Analysis required.--The development of a plan of action 
        pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include a comprehensive 
        analysis of relevant legal, policy, and regulatory constraints 
        to economic and job growth in such country.
            (3) Elements.--Each plan of action developed for a country 
        pursuant to paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) set forth priorities for reform agreed to by 
                the government of such country and the United States;
                    (B) include clearly defined policy responses, 
                including regulatory and legal reforms, as may be 
                necessary, to achieve improvement in the business and 
                commercial environment in such country;
                    (C) identify the anticipated costs to establish and 
                implement such plan;
                    (D) identify appropriate sequencing and phasing of 
                the implementation of the plan to create cumulative 
                benefits, as appropriate;
                    (E) identify best practices and standards;
                    (F) include considerations with respect to how to 
                make the policy reform investments under such plan 
                long-lasting; and
                    (G) require appropriate consultation with affected 
                stakeholders in such country and in the United States.
    (e) Termination.--The pilot program established pursuant to 
subsection (a) shall terminate on the date that is 8 years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 209. PROMOTING ADOPTION OF UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE 
              ASSIGNMENT OF RECEIVABLES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The United Nations Convention on the Assignment of 
        Receivables in International Trade, done at New York December 
        12, 2001, and signed by the United States on December 30, 2003 
        (referred to in this section as the ``Convention''), 
        establishes uniform international rules governing a form of 
        financing widely used in the United States involving the 
        assignment of receivables.
            (2) Receivables financing is an important tool in helping 
        United States businesses secure working capital financing. 
        Within the United States, lenders and buyers of receivables 
        provide financing based on the use of receivables from debtors 
        located within the United States as working capital collateral.
            (3) Receivables financing occurs in transactions in which 
        businesses either sell their rights to payments from their 
        customers (commonly known as ``receivables'') to a bank or 
        other financial institution, or use their rights to those 
        payments as collateral for a loan from a lender. The businesses 
        selling or using their receivables as collateral are referred 
        to as ``assignors'' and buyers and lenders are referred to as 
        ``assignees''.
            (4) Many countries do not have the kinds of modern 
        commercial finance laws on the assignment of receivables 
        required to implement the Convention.
            (5) United States-based lenders are less willing to make 
        loans secured by receivables owed by debtors located outside 
        the United States, as such cross-border transactions may 
        involve countries the laws of which are inconsistent with 
        modern financial practices.
            (6) Because of the risk, cost, and uncertainty created by 
        receivables financing laws in other countries, which vary 
        greatly or can be vague or unpredictable, the ability of small 
        and medium-sized United States businesses to access financing 
        from lenders using international accounts receivables derived 
        from exports or other cross-border transactions is severely 
        limited.
            (7) Expanded access to receivables financing in 
        international trade, which the Convention would promote, will 
        provide United States businesses with an additional source of 
        capital at no cost to the United States taxpayer, benefitting 
        small and medium-sized businesses that use receivables 
        financing.
            (8) The Convention is consistent with article 9 of the 
        United States Uniform Commercial Code, as adopted by all 50 
        States, the District of Columbia, and the territories of Puerto 
        Rico and the Virgin Islands.
            (9) The Convention includes extensive rules on the use of 
        receivables to finance operations, using receivables as 
        collateral, and how to resolve potential conflicts of law 
        arising from the use of receivables.
            (10) Adoption of the Convention would establish more 
        predictability and uniformity with respect to receivables 
        financing in cross-border transactions, thereby opening up new 
        opportunities for trade and economic growth between the United 
        States and its partners in the developing world.
            (11) The Senate consented to ratification of the Convention 
        on January 2, 2019.
            (12) The President ratified the Convention on October 15, 
        2019.
    (b) Sense of the Senate.--It is the sense of the Senate that the 
Secretary should, in the regular course of economic dialogues with 
developing countries that are partners of the United States, promote 
the adoption and implementation of the Convention as an important 
tool--
            (1) to help attract foreign investment to and trade with 
        such countries; and
            (2) to establish a predictable, rules-based framework that 
        can help such countries create additional sources of capital at 
        no cost, benefitting small and medium-sized businesses that use 
        receivables financing.
    (c) Report to Congress.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the 
        following 5 years, the Secretary shall submit a report to the 
        appropriate congressional committees detailing the activities 
        of the Department of State with respect to promoting 
        ratification and implementation by developing countries of the 
        Convention through fiscal year 2030.
            (2) Contents.--The report required under paragraph (1) 
        shall include--
                    (A) a list of countries expressing interest in 
                ratification of the Convention;
                    (B) a detailed description of efforts made by the 
                Department of State to promote the Convention as a tool 
                for economic development; and
                    (C) any requests made by interested countries for 
                technical and other assistance to facilitate adoption 
                of the Convention.

SEC. 210. OPPOSING THE PROVISION OF ASSISTANCE TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC 
              OF CHINA BY THE MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) The People's Republic of China is the world's second 
        largest economy and a major global lender.
            (2) In the third quarter of 2022, the foreign exchange 
        reserves of the PRC totaled more than $3,000,000,000,000.
            (3) The World Bank classifies the PRC as a country with an 
        upper-middle income economy.
            (4) On February 25, 2021, President Xi Jinping announced 
        ``complete victory'' over extreme poverty in the PRC.
            (5) The Government of the PRC utilizes state resources to 
        create and promote the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, 
        the New Development Bank, and the Belt and Road Initiative.
            (6) The PRC is the world's largest official creditor.
            (7) Through a multilateral development bank, countries are 
        eligible to borrow until they can manage long-term development 
        and access to capital markets without financial resources from 
        the bank.
            (8) The World Bank reviews the graduation of a country from 
        eligibility to borrow from the International Bank for 
        Reconstruction and Development once the country reaches the 
        graduation discussion income, which is equivalent to the gross 
        national income. For fiscal year 2023, the graduation 
        discussion income is a gross national income per capita 
        exceeding $7,455.
            (9) Many of the other multilateral development banks, such 
        as the Asian Development Bank, use the gross national income 
        per capita benchmark used by the International Bank for 
        Reconstruction and Development to trigger the graduation 
        process.
            (10) The PRC exceeded the graduation discussion income 
        threshold in 2016.
            (11) Since 2016, the International Bank for Reconstruction 
        and Development has approved projects totaling $9,610,000,000 
        to the PRC.
            (12) Since 2016, the Asian Development Bank has--
                    (A) continued to approve loans and technical 
                assistance to the PRC totaling more than 
                $10,600,000,000; and
                    (B) also approved non-sovereign commitments in the 
                PRC totaling more than $2,400,000,000.
            (13) The World Bank calculates the PRC's 2019 gross 
        national income per capita as $10,390.
    (b) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States to 
oppose any additional lending from the multilateral development banks, 
including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and 
the Asian Development Bank, to the People's Republic of China as a 
result of the PRC's successful graduation from the eligibility 
requirements for assistance from those banks.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Financial Services of the 
                House of Representatives; and
                    (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives.
            (2) Multilateral development banks.--The term 
        ``multilateral development banks'' has the meaning given such 
        term in section 1701(c) of the International Financial 
        Institutions Act (22 U.S.C. 262r(c)).
    (d) Opposition to Lending to People's Republic of China.--The 
Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive 
Director at each multilateral development bank to use the voice, vote, 
and influence of the United States--
            (1) to oppose any loan or extension of financial or 
        technical assistance by the bank to the PRC; and
            (2) to end lending and assistance to countries that exceed 
        the graduation discussion income of the bank.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of the Treasury 
shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that 
includes--
            (1) an assessment of the status of borrowing by the PRC 
        from each multilateral development bank;
            (2) a description of voting power, shares, and 
        representation by the PRC at each such bank;
            (3) a list of countries that have exceeded the graduation 
        discussion income at each such bank;
            (4) a list of countries that have graduated from 
        eligibility for assistance from each such bank; and
            (5) a full description of the efforts taken by the United 
        States to graduate countries from such eligibility once they 
        exceed the graduation discussion income at each such bank.

SEC. 211. PROHIBITING FUNDING FOR THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES 
              THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER AND THE UNITED NATIONS 
              FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE UNTIL CHINA IS NO 
              LONGER DEFINED AS A DEVELOPING COUNTRY.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Ending China's 
Unfair Advantage Act of 2024''.
    (b) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives; and
                    (D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives.
            (2) Montreal protocol.--The term ``Montreal Protocol'' 
        means the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the 
        Ozone Layer, done at Montreal September 16, 1987.
            (3) United nations framework convention on climate 
        change.--The term ``United Nations Framework Convention on 
        Climate Change'' means the United Nations Framework Convention 
        on Climate Change, adopted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 
        1992.
    (c) Prohibition on Use of Funds for the Montreal Protocol on 
Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer Until China Is No Longer 
Defined as a Developing Country.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
of law, no Federal funds may be obligated or expended to implement the 
Montreal Protocol, including its protocols and amendments, or any fund 
established under the Protocol, until the President certifies to the 
appropriate congressional committees that the Parties to the Montreal 
Protocol have amended their Decision I/12E, ``Clarification of terms 
and definitions: developing countries,'' made at the First Meeting of 
the Parties to remove the People's Republic of China.
    (d) Prohibition on Use of Funds for the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change Until China Is Included Among the 
Countries Listed in Annex I of the Convention.--Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, no Federal funds may be obligated or expended 
to fund the operations and meetings of the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change, including it's protocols or agreements, 
or any fund established under the Convention or its agreements, until 
the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees 
that the Parties to the Framework Convention have included the People's 
Republic of China in Annex I of the Convention.

       TITLE III--COUNTERING CHINA'S PREDATORY ECONOMIC PRACTICES

                Subtitle A--Countering Economic Coercion

SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE.

    This subtitle may be cited as the ``Countering Economic Coercion 
Act of 2024''.

SEC. 302. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) foreign adversaries are increasingly using economic 
        coercion to pressure, punish, and influence United States 
        allies and partners;
            (2) economic coercion--
                    (A) causes economic harm to United States allies 
                and partners;
                    (B) creates malign influence on the sovereign 
                political actions of such allies and partners; and
                    (C) can threaten the essential security of the 
                United States and its allies;
            (3) economic coercion is often characterized by--
                    (A) arbitrary, abusive, and discriminatory actions 
                that seek to interfere with sovereign actions, violate 
                international trade rules, and run counter to the 
                rules-based international order;
                    (B) capricious, pre-textual, and non-transparent 
                actions taken without due process afforded;
                    (C) intimidation or threats of punitive actions; 
                and
                    (D) informal actions that take place without 
                explicit government action;
            (4) economic coercion violates norms of state behavior and 
        undermines the rules-based international order;
            (5) existing mechanisms for trade dispute resolution and 
        international arbitration are often inadequate for responding 
        to economic coercion in a timely and effective manner as 
        foreign adversaries exploit plausible deniability and lengthy 
        processes to evade accountability;
            (6) the United States should provide meaningful economic 
        and political support to foreign trading partners affected by 
        economic coercion, which can lead to opportunities for United 
        States businesses, investors, and workers to reach new markets 
        and customers;
            (7) responding to economic coercion will be most effective 
        when the United States provides relief to affected foreign 
        trading partners in coordination with allies and like-minded 
        countries; and
            (8) such coordination will further demonstrate broad 
        resolve against economic coercion.

SEC. 303. DEFINITIONS.

    In this subtitle:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' includes--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives;
                    (C) with respect to the exercise of any authority 
                under section 305(a)(2), subparagraphs (A), (I), (J), 
                and (K) of section 305(b)(1), and section 305(b)(2)--
                            (i) the Committee on Finance of the Senate; 
                        and
                            (ii) the Committee on Ways and Means of the 
                        House of Representatives;
                    (D) with respect to the exercise of any authority 
                under subparagraphs (F) and (H) of section 305(b)(1)--
                            (i) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 
                        Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
                            (ii) the Committee on Financial Services of 
                        the House of Representatives; and
                    (E) with respect to the exercise of any authority 
                under section 305(a)(1)(A) and subparagraph (B), (E), 
                or (G) of section 305(b)(1)--
                            (i) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
                        Senate; and
                            (ii) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
                        House of Representatives.
            (2) Economic coercion.--The term ``economic coercion'' 
        means actions, practices, or threats undertaken by a foreign 
        adversary to unreasonably restrain, obstruct, or manipulate 
        trade, foreign aid, investment, or commerce in an arbitrary, 
        capricious, or non-transparent manner with the intention to 
        cause economic harm to achieve strategic political objectives 
        or influence sovereign political actions.
            (3) Export; export administration regulations; in-country 
        transfer; reexport.--The terms ``export'', ``Export 
        Administration Regulations'', ``in-country transfer'', and 
        ``reexport'' have the meanings given such terms in section 1742 
        of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801).
            (4) Foreign adversary.--The term ``foreign adversary'' 
        means any foreign government engaged in a long-term pattern or 
        serious instances of conduct significantly adverse to the 
        national security of the United States or the security and 
        safety of United States persons.
            (5) Foreign trading partner.--The term ``foreign trading 
        partner'' means a foreign jurisdiction that is a trading 
        partner of the United States.

SEC. 304. DETERMINATION OF ECONOMIC COERCION.

    (a) Extended Presidential Determination.--
            (1) In general.--If the President determines that a foreign 
        trading partner is subject to an act of economic coercion by a 
        foreign adversary that constitutes a long-term national 
        security threat, after a comprehensive inter-agency review, the 
        President may--
                    (A) submit to Congress a detailed determination 
                (referred to as the ``Economic Coercion Response 
                Package''), which shall include--
                            (i) an assessment of why the economic 
                        coercion by a foreign adversary constitutes a 
                        national security threat and requires a 
                        comprehensive response;
                            (ii) a request to exercise any authority--
                                    (I) described in subsection (a)(1) 
                                or (b)(1) of section 305 to support or 
                                assist the foreign trading partner in a 
                                manner proportionate to the economic 
                                coercion; or
                                    (II) described in subsection (a)(2) 
                                or (b)(2) of section 305 to penalize 
                                the foreign adversary in a manner 
                                proportionate to the economic coercion;
                            (iii) justification for why the requested 
                        authorities are appropriate for the specific 
                        act of economic coercion; and
                            (iv) a statement of administration action 
                        outlining the intended use of the requested 
                        authorities.
            (2) Information; hearings.--To inform the determination and 
        the formulation of a request under paragraph (1), the President 
        shall--
                    (A) obtain the written opinion and analysis of the 
                Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, the 
                Secretary of the Treasury, the United States Trade 
                Representative, and the heads of other Federal 
                agencies, as the President considers appropriate;
                    (B) seek information and advice from and consult 
                with other relevant officers of the United States; and
                    (C) afford other interested parties an opportunity 
                to present relevant information and advice.
            (3) Consultation with congress.--In developing the 
        determination and the formulation of the request under 
        paragraph (1), the President shall consult with the appropriate 
        congressional committees--
                    (A) during the 40-day period beginning 30 days 
                before such request is submitted to Congress; and
                    (B) not less frequently than once every 180 days 
                while exercising the requested authority.
            (4) Notice.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which 
        the President determines that a foreign trading partner is 
        subject to economic coercion or submits the request under 
        paragraph (1), the President shall publish in the Federal 
        Register--
                    (A) a notice of the determination and the 
                submission of the request; and
                    (B) a description of the economic coercion that the 
                foreign adversary is applying to the foreign trading 
                partner and other circumstances that led to such 
                determination and the submission of the request.
    (b) Emergency Presidential Determination.--
            (1) In general.--If the President determines, on an 
        emergency basis, that a foreign trading partner is subject to 
        economic coercion by a foreign adversary, the President may 
        exercise, for a period not exceeding 90 days, any authority 
        described in section 305(a).
            (2) Notices.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 5 days after an 
                emergency determination under paragraph (1), the 
                President shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
                committees a notice of such determination.
                    (B) Exercise of authority.--Not later than 5 days 
                after the exercise of any authority that relies on the 
                determination for which the President submitted notice 
                pursuant to subparagraph (A), the President shall 
                submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
                notice of how the President intends to use such 
                authorities.
    (c) Revocation of Determination.--
            (1) Revocation of extended determination.--A determination 
        made by the President pursuant to subsection (a) shall be 
        revoked on the earliest of--
                    (A) the date that is 2 years after the date of such 
                determination;
                    (B) the date of the enactment of a joint resolution 
                of disapproval revoking such determination; or
                    (C) the date on which the President issues a 
                proclamation revoking such determination.
            (2) Revocation of emergency determination.--A determination 
        made by the President pursuant to subsection (b) shall be 
        revoked on the earliest of--
                    (A) the date that is 90 days after the date of such 
                determination;
                    (B) the date of the enactment of a joint resolution 
                of disapproval revoking such determination; or
                    (C) the date on which the President issues a 
                proclamation revoking such determination.
            (3) Termination of authorities.--Any authority described in 
        section 305 exercised pursuant to a determination that has been 
        revoked pursuant to paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) shall cease 
        to be exercised on the date of such revocation, except that 
        such revocation shall not affect--
                    (A) any action taken or proceeding pending not 
                finally concluded or determined on such date; or
                    (B) any rights or duties that matured or penalties 
                that were incurred before such date.

SEC. 305. AUTHORITIES TO RESPOND TO ECONOMIC COERCION.

    (a) Authorities To Respond to Emergency Acts of Economic 
Coercion.--
            (1) Authorities relating to foreign trading partners.--The 
        authorities described in this paragraph are--
                    (A) providing immediate financial assistance to a 
                foreign trading partner through the provision of 
                existing unobligated funds, without further 
                appropriation;
                    (B) instructing the United States Executive 
                Director at each international financial institution of 
                the World Bank Group, the Executive Director at the 
                Inter-American Development Bank, the Executive Director 
                of the African Development Bank, the Director of the 
                European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and 
                the Director of the Asian Development Bank, as 
                appropriate, to use the voice and vote of the United 
                States at the respective institution to vote for 
                emergency lending to a foreign trading partner of the 
                United States;
                    (C) providing technical assistance and analysis to 
                a United States Embassy hosted by a foreign trading 
                partner experiencing an act of economic coercion and to 
                the United States Government through a specialist 
                interagency team that--
                            (i) consists of international trade, 
                        finance, and economic policy experts authorized 
                        by the President from relevant Federal 
                        departments and agencies, including--
                                    (I) the Department of State;
                                    (II) the Department of Commerce;
                                    (III) the Department of 
                                Agriculture;
                                    (IV) the Department of the 
                                Treasury;
                                    (V) the Office of the United States 
                                Trade Representative; and
                                    (VI) the Office of the Director of 
                                National Intelligence;
                            (ii) may provide specific advice to the 
                        government of a foreign trading partner 
                        regarding both short-term and long-term 
                        vulnerabilities to economic coercion; and
                            (iii) shall have a duration of assignment 
                        determined by the President, in consultation 
                        with the heads of the relevant Federal 
                        departments and agencies.
            (2) Authorities with respect to foreign adversaries.--The 
        authorities described in this paragraph are--
                    (A) initiating an investigation of the economic 
                coercion in accordance with section 302 of the Trade 
                Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2412); and
                    (B) an action authorized under section 301 of such 
                Act (19 U.S.C. 2411) if an affirmative determination 
                has been made pursuant to section 304 of such Act (19 
                U.S.C. 2414) in connection with an investigation 
                described in subparagraph (A).
    (b) Authorities To Respond to Extended Acts of Economic Coercion.--
            (1) Authorities with respect to foreign trading partners.--
        The authorities described in this paragraph are--
                    (A) an expedited review of a country's eligibility 
                for trade preference programs;
                    (B) requesting appropriations for foreign aid to 
                the foreign trading partner;
                    (C) an expedited decision with respect to the 
                issuance of licenses for the export or reexport to, or 
                in-country transfer in, the foreign trading partner of 
                items subject to controls under the Export 
                Administration Regulations, consistent with the Export 
                Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.);
                    (D) the expedited regulatory processes related to 
                the importation of goods and services into the United 
                States from the foreign trading partner;
                    (E) requesting the necessary authority and 
                appropriations for sovereign loan guarantees to the 
                foreign trading partner;
                    (F) waiving policy requirements (other than policy 
                requirements mandated by an Act of Congress, including 
                the policies and procedures established pursuant to 
                section 11 of the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (12 
                U.S.C. 635i-5)), to the extent necessary to facilitate 
                the provision of financing to support exports to the 
                foreign trading partner;
                    (G) requesting appropriations for loan loss 
                reserves to facilitate the provision of financing to 
                support United States exports to the foreign trading 
                partner;
                    (H) the exemption of financing provided to support 
                United States exports to the foreign trading partner 
                under section 8(g)(1) of the Export-Import Bank Act of 
                1945 (12 U.S.C. 635g(g)(1));
                    (I) providing technical assistance and legal 
                expertise through the Office of the United States Trade 
                Representative to support the trading partner's pursuit 
                of a case at the World Trade Organization regarding the 
                economic coercion;
                    (J) United States participation as a third party in 
                support of any case brought by the trading partner at 
                the World Trade Organization regarding the economic 
                coercion; and
                    (K) expedited review of petitions under the 
                Generalized System of Preferences set forth in title V 
                of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2461 et seq.) 
                related to article and country eligibility, competitive 
                need limitation waivers, and product redesignations.
            (2) Authorities with respect to foreign adversaries.--The 
        authorities described in this paragraph are--
                    (A) initiating an investigation of the economic 
                coercion in accordance with section 302 of the Trade 
                Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2412);
                    (B) an action authorized under section 301 of such 
                Act (19 U.S.C. 2411) if an affirmative determination 
                has been made pursuant to section 304 of such Act (19 
                U.S.C. 2414) in connection with an investigation 
                described in subparagraph (A).

SEC. 306. COORDINATION WITH ALLIES AND PARTNERS.

    (a) Coordination by President.--After a determination by the 
President that a foreign trading partner is subject to economic 
coercion by a foreign adversary, the President shall endeavor to 
coordinate--
            (1) the exercise of the authorities described in section 
        305 with the exercise of relevant authorities by allies and 
        partners to broaden economic support to the foreign trading 
        partner affected by economic coercion; and
            (2) with allies and partners to issue joint condemnation of 
        the actions of the foreign adversary and support for the 
        foreign trading partner.
    (b) Coordination by Secretary.--The Secretary, in coordination with 
the heads of relevant Federal agencies, shall endeavor--
            (1) to encourage allies and partners to identify or create 
        mechanisms and authorities necessary to facilitate the 
        coordination described in subsection (a)(1);
            (2) to coordinate with allies and partners to increase 
        opposition to economic coercion in the international community;
            (3) to coordinate with allies and partners to deter the use 
        of economic coercion by foreign adversaries; and
            (4) to engage with foreign trading partners to gather 
        information about possible instances of economic coercion and 
        share such information with the appropriate congressional 
        committees.
    (c) Coordination by United States Trade Representative.--The United 
States Trade Representative shall examine the viability and utility of 
working with allies and partners at the World Trade Organization to 
negotiate a multilateral agreement regarding cooperation to address 
economic coercion.

SEC. 307. EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION OF ECONOMIC COERCION RESPONSE 
              PACKAGE.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Implementation bill.--The term ``implementation bill'' 
        means a bill of Congress consisting solely of the authorities 
        requested by the President (referred to in this section as the 
        ``Economic Coercion Response Package'') pursuant to section 
        304(a).
            (2) Instructions.--The term ``instructions'' refers to the 
        specific recommendations or actions requested by the President 
        that detail the authorities to be exercised to respond to 
        economic coercion.
    (b) Instructions.--
            (1) Presidential submission.--If the President determines 
        that a foreign trading partner is subject to economic coercion, 
        the President shall submit to Congress an Economic Coercion 
        Response Package pursuant to section 304(a), including detailed 
        instructions outlining the specific actions and authorities 
        requested.
            (2) Committee instructions.--Each Economic Coercion 
        Response Package submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall 
        include instructions to the relevant congressional committees 
        specifying the actions to be taken within their respective 
        jurisdictions.
    (c) Committee Action.--
            (1) Referral to committees.--Each Economic Coercion 
        Response Package, submitted to Congress pursuant to section 
        304(a) shall be immediately referred to the congressional 
        committees with subject matter jurisdiction over the specific 
        actions and authorities requested.
            (2) Committee responsibility.--Each congressional committee 
        identified in the instructions described in subsection (b) 
        shall, not later than 15 legislative days after receiving such 
        instructions--
                    (A) draft its portion of the implementation bill; 
                and
                    (B) report such portion to the clerk of the Senate 
                or of the House of Representatives, as appropriate.
            (3) Failure to report.--If any congressional committee 
        fails to report its respective portion within the period 
        provided under paragraph (2), such portion may not be included 
        in the implementation bill.
            (4) Amendments.--Members of the congressional committees 
        with jurisdiction over the subject matter of a portion of the 
        implementation bill may offer germane amendments to such 
        portion before it is reported by the committee.
    (d) Aggregation of Provisions.--
            (1) Committee reports.--After all of the congressional 
        committee in either the Senate or the House of Representatives 
        with subject matter jurisdiction have reported their respective 
        portions of the implementation bill or have failed to report 
        such portion within the period prescribed under subsection 
        (c)(2), all of the reported provisions shall be combined into a 
        single implementation bill.
            (2) No reports.--If none of the congressional committees 
        with subject matter jurisdiction reports their assigned 
        provisions, no implementation bill may be introduced.
            (3) Final bill.--The implementation bill described in 
        paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) include all of the provisions that have been 
                reported by the congressional committees with subject 
                matter jurisdiction; and
                    (B) be considered on the floor of the Senate or the 
                House of Representatives, as appropriate.
    (e) Consideration in the House of Representatives.--
            (1) Introduction.--If the President submits an Economic 
        Coercion Response Package pursuant to section 304(a) and 1 or 
        more committees of the House of Representatives have reported 
        their respective provisions, the implementation bill may be 
        introduced in the House of Representatives (by request)--
                    (A) by the majority leader of the House of 
                Representatives, or by a member of the House of 
                Representatives designated by the majority leader, on 
                the next legislative day following the combination of 
                provisions pursuant to subsection (d); or
                    (B) if the implementation bill is not introduced 
                pursuant to subparagraph (A), by any member of the 
                House of Representatives on any subsequent legislative 
                day.
            (2) Proceeding to consideration.--After the introduction of 
        the implementation bill, it shall be in order to move to 
        proceed to consider the implementation bill in the House of 
        Representatives. The previous question shall be considered as 
        ordered on the motion to its adoption without intervening 
        motion. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is 
        disposed of shall not be in order.
            (3) Consideration.--The implementation bill shall be 
        considered as read. All points of order against the 
        implementation bill and against its consideration are waived. 
        The previous question shall be considered as ordered on the 
        request to its passage without intervening motion except 2 
        hours of debate equally divided and controlled by the proponent 
        and an opponent, and 1 motion to limit debate on the request. A 
        motion to reconsider the vote on passage of the implementation 
        bill shall not be in order.
            (4) Amendments.--Amendments to the implementation bill 
        shall be in order, and debate on any amendment shall be limited 
        to 10 minutes, equally divided by the proponent and an 
        opponent.
            (5) Vote on passage.--The vote on passage of the 
        implementation bill shall occur not later than 3 legislative 
        days after the date of its introduction in the House of 
        Representatives.
    (f) Expedited Procedure in the Senate.--
            (1) Introduction in the senate.--If the President submits 
        an Economic Coercion Response Package pursuant to section 
        304(a) and 1 or more committees of the Senate with subject 
        matter jurisdiction have reported their respective provisions, 
        the implementation bill shall be introduced in the Senate, by 
        request, by the majority leader of the Senate (for himself or 
        herself and the minority leader of the Senate) or by any member 
        of the Senate designated by the majority leader. If the Senate 
        is not in session on the day on which the implementation bill 
        is ready for introduction, the implementation bill shall be 
        introduced as provided on the first day thereafter on which the 
        Senate is in session.
            (2) Proceeding to consideration.--Notwithstanding Rule XXII 
        of the Standing Rules of the Senate, it is in order, not later 
        than 2 session days after the date on which the implementation 
        bill is introduced, for the majority leader of the Senate or 
        his or her designee to move to proceed to the consideration of 
        the implementation bill. A motion to proceed is in order even 
        though a previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed 
        to. All points of order against the motion to proceed to the 
        bill are waived. The motion to proceed is not debatable. The 
        motion is not subject to a motion to postpone. A motion to 
        reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or 
        disagreed to shall not be in order. If a motion to proceed to 
        the consideration of the bill is agreed to, the bill shall 
        remain the unfinished business until disposed of. All points of 
        order against the bill and against consideration of the bill 
        are waived.
            (3) Consideration.--Debate on the implementation bill, and 
        on all debatable motions and appeals in connection with such 
        bill, shall be limited to not more than 10 hours, which shall 
        be divided equally between the majority and minority leaders or 
        their respective designees. Germane amendments to the 
        implementation bill shall be in order, and debate on any 
        amendment shall be limited to 10 minutes, equally divided 
        between the proponent of the bill and an opponent of the bill. 
        A motion to further limit debate is not in order. No motion to 
        postpone, motion to proceed to the consideration of other 
        business, or motion to recommit the bill is in order.
            (4) Vote on passage.--The vote on passage of the 
        implementation bill shall occur immediately following the 
        conclusion of the debate on the request and a single quorum 
        call at the conclusion of the debate, if requested in 
        accordance with the rules of the Senate.
    (g) Consideration by the Other House.--
            (1) In general.--If, before passing an implementation bill, 
        1 House of Congress receives from the other House an 
        implementation bill consisting solely of the text of the 
        Economic Coercion Response Package submitted by the President 
        pursuant to section 304(a)--
                    (A) the implementation bill of the other House 
                shall not be referred to a committee of such House; and
                    (B) the procedure in the receiving House shall be 
                the same as if no implementation bill had been received 
                from the other House until the vote on passage, when 
                the implementation bill received from the other House 
                shall supplant the implementation bill of the receiving 
                House.
            (2) No implementation bill in the senate.--If, after the 
        President submits an Economic Coercion Response Package 
        pursuant to section 304(a), an implementation bill is not 
        introduced in the Senate or if the Senate fails to consider an 
        implementation bill pursuant to this section, the 
        implementation bill of the House of Representatives shall be 
        entitled to expedited floor procedures under this section.
            (3) Treatment of companion measure in the senate.--If, 
        after the Senate passes an implementation bill, the Senate 
        receives from the House of Representatives an implementation 
        bill consisting of text that is identical to the Senate-passed 
        implementation bill, the House-passed implementation bill shall 
        not be debatable. The vote on passage of the implementation 
        bill in the Senate shall be considered to be the vote on 
        passage of the implementation bill received from the House of 
        Representatives.
    (h) Vetoes.--If the President vetoes an implementation bill, 
consideration of a veto message in the Senate shall be limited to 10 
hours, equally divided between the majority and minority leaders of the 
Senate or the designees of the majority and minority leaders of the 
Senate.
    (i) Constructive Resubmission.--
            (1) In general.--In addition to the expedited procedures 
        otherwise provided under this section, in case of an 
        implementation bill consisting solely of the text of the 
        Economic Coercion Response Package submitted by the President 
        pursuant to section 304(a), the expedited procedures under this 
        section shall apply to such implementation bill during the 
        period--
                    (A) beginning on the date occurring--
                            (i) in the case of the Senate, 30 session 
                        days before the date on which Congress adjourns 
                        a session of Congress; or
                            (ii) in the case of the House of 
                        Representatives, 30 days before the date on 
                        which Congress adjourns a session of Congress; 
                        and
                    (B) ending on the date on which the same or 
                succeeding Congress first convenes its next session.
            (2) Application.--In applying this section for the purposes 
        of constructive resubmission, an implementation bill described 
        under paragraph (1) shall be treated as though such 
        implementation bill were submitted on--
                    (A) in the case of the Senate, the 15th session 
                day; or
                    (B) in the case of the House of Representatives, 
                the 15th legislative day, after the succeeding session 
                of Congress first convenes.
            (3) Limitation.--A constructive resubmission of an 
        implementation bill pursuant to this subsection shall not apply 
        if a vote with respect to the implementation bill was taken in 
        either House in a preceding session of Congress.

SEC. 308. PROCESS FOR JOINT RESOLUTIONS OF DISAPPROVAL.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section, the term ``joint resolution of 
disapproval'' means, with respect to an emergency determination 
pursuant to section 304(b), per the revocation outlined in section 
304(c), only a joint resolution of either House of Congress--
            (1) that does not have a preamble;
            (2) the title of which is as follows: ``A joint resolution 
        disapproving the emergency authorities to act against economic 
        coercion, as exercised by the President under section 304(b) of 
        the Countering Economic Coercion Act of 2024; and
            (3) the sole matter after the resolving clause of which is 
        as follows: ``That Congress disapproves the authorities 
        exercised by the President under section 304(b) of the 
        Countering Economic Coercion Act of 2024, submitted to Congress 
        on ___.'', with the blank space being filled with the 
        appropriate date.
    (b) Joint Resolution of Disapproval for Emergency Determination.--
            (1) Introduction.--
                    (A) Introduction in the house of representatives.--
                During a period of 5 legislative days beginning on the 
                date that a notice of action is submitted to the 
                appropriate congressional committees in accordance with 
                section 4(b)(2)(B), a joint resolution of disapproval 
                may be introduced in the House of Representatives by 
                the majority leader or the minority leader.
                    (B) Introduction in the senate.--During a period of 
                5 days on which the Senate is in session beginning on 
                the date that a notice of action is submitted to the 
                appropriate congressional committees in accordance with 
                section 4(b)(2)(B), a joint resolution of disapproval 
                may be introduced in the Senate by the majority leader 
                (or the majority leader's designee) or the minority 
                leader (or the minority leader's designee).
    (c) Floor Consideration in the House of Representatives.--
            (1) Reporting and discharge.--If a committee of the House 
        of Representatives to which a joint resolution of disapproval 
        has been referred has not reported such joint resolution within 
        10 legislative days after the date of such referral, such 
        committee shall be discharged from further consideration of the 
        joint resolution.
            (2) Proceeding to consideration.--In the House of 
        Representatives, the following procedures shall apply to a 
        joint resolution of disapproval:
                    (A) Beginning on the third legislative day after 
                each committee to which a joint resolution of 
                disapproval has been referred reports it to the House 
                of Representatives or has been discharged from further 
                consideration of the joint resolution, it shall be in 
                order to move to proceed to consider the joint 
                resolution in the House of Representatives.
                    (B) All points of order against the motion are 
                waived. Such a motion shall not be in order after the 
                House of Representatives has disposed of a motion to 
                proceed on a joint resolution with regard to the same 
                certification. The previous question shall be 
                considered as ordered on the motion to its adoption 
                without intervening motion. The motion shall not be 
                debatable. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the 
                motion is disposed of shall not be in order.
            (3) Consideration.--The joint resolution shall be 
        considered as read. All points of order against the joint 
        resolution and against its consideration are waived. The 
        previous question shall be considered as ordered on the joint 
        resolution to final passage without intervening motion except 2 
        hours of debate, equally divided and controlled by the sponsor 
        of the joint resolution (or a designee) and an opponent. A 
        motion to reconsider the vote on passage of the joint 
        resolution shall not be in order.
    (d) Consideration in the Senate.--
            (1) Committee referral.--A joint resolution of disapproval 
        introduced in the Senate shall be referred to the Committee on 
        Foreign Relations of the Senate.
            (2) Reporting and discharge.--If the Committee on Foreign 
        Relations of the Senate does not report a joint resolution of 
        disapproval within 10 days during which the Senate is in 
        session after the date such resolution was referred to such 
        committee, the committee shall be discharged from further 
        consideration of such joint resolution and the joint resolution 
        shall be placed on the appropriate calendar.
            (3) Motion to proceed.--Notwithstanding Rule XXII of the 
        Standing Rules of the Senate, it is in order at any time after 
        the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate reports the 
        joint resolution of disapproval to the Senate or has been 
        discharged from its consideration (even though a previous 
        motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to move to 
        proceed to the consideration of the joint resolution, and all 
        points of order against the joint resolution (and against 
        consideration of the joint resolution) shall be waived. The 
        motion to proceed is not debatable. The motion is not subject 
        to a motion to postpone. A motion to reconsider the vote by 
        which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in 
        order. If a motion to proceed to the consideration of the joint 
        resolution of disapproval is agreed to, the joint resolution 
        shall remain the unfinished business until disposed.
            (4) Debate.--Debate on a joint resolution of disapproval, 
        and on all debatable motions and appeals in connection with 
        such joint resolution, shall be limited to not more than 10 
        hours, which shall be divided equally between the majority and 
        minority leaders or their designees. A motion to further limit 
        debate is in order and not debatable. An amendment to, or a 
        motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration 
        of other business, or a motion to recommit the joint resolution 
        is not in order.
            (5) Vote on passage.--The vote on passage of a joint 
        resolution of disapproval shall occur immediately following the 
        conclusion of the debate on the joint resolution of disapproval 
        and a single quorum call at the conclusion of the debate, if 
        requested in accordance with the rules of the Senate.
            (6) Rules of the chair on procedure.--Appeals from the 
        decisions of the Chair relating to the application of the rules 
        of the Senate, as the case may be, to the procedure relating to 
        the joint resolution of disapproval shall be decided without 
        debate.
            (7) Consideration of veto messages.--Debate in the Senate 
        of any veto message with respect to a joint resolution of 
        disapproval, including all debatable motions and appeals in 
        connection with such joint resolution, shall be limited to 10 
        hours, to be equally divided between, and controlled by, the 
        majority leader and the minority leader or their designees.
    (e) Procedures in the Senate.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
section, the following procedures shall apply in the Senate to a joint 
resolution of disapproval to which this section applies:
            (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a joint resolution 
        of disapproval that has been passed by the House of 
        Representatives shall, when received in the Senate, be referred 
        to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate for 
        consideration in accordance with this subsection.
            (2) If a joint resolution of disapproval to which this 
        section applies was introduced in the Senate before receipt of 
        a joint resolution of disapproval that has passed the House of 
        Representatives, the joint resolution from the House of 
        Representatives shall, when received in the Senate, be placed 
        on the calendar. If this paragraph applies, the procedures in 
        the Senate with respect to a joint resolution of disapproval 
        introduced in the Senate that contains the identical matter as 
        a joint resolution of disapproval that passed the House of 
        Representatives shall be the same as if no joint resolution of 
        disapproval had been received from the House of 
        Representatives, except that the vote on passage in the Senate 
        shall be on the joint resolution of disapproval that passed the 
        House of Representatives.
    (f) Rules of the House of Representatives and the Senate.--This 
section is enacted by Congress--
            (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate 
        and the House of Representatives, respectively, and as such is 
        deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, but 
        applicable only with respect to the procedure to be followed in 
        that House in the case of a joint resolution of disapproval 
        under this paragraph, and supersedes other rules only to the 
        extent that it is inconsistent with such rules; and
            (2) with full recognition of the constitutional right of 
        either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the 
        procedure of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and 
        to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of that 
        House.

 Subtitle B--Other Matters To Counter Predatory Economic Practices by 
                     the People's Republic of China

SEC. 311. PREDATORY PRICING BY ENTITIES OWNED, CONTROLLED, OR DIRECTED 
              BY A FOREIGN STATE.

    (a) Prohibited Acts.--
            (1) In general.--No entity owned, controlled, or directed 
        by a foreign state or an agent or instrumentality of a foreign 
        state (as defined in section 1603 of title 28, United States 
        Code) and participating in international commerce may establish 
        or set prices below the average variable cost in a manner that 
        may foreseeably harm competition.
            (2) Economic support.--In determining the average variable 
        cost under paragraph (1), the court may take into account the 
        effects of economic support provided by the owning or 
        controlling foreign state to the entity on a discriminatory 
        basis that may allow the entity to unfairly price at or below 
        marginal cost.
            (3) Government subsidies.--In determining the 
        foreseeability of the elimination of market competitors under 
        paragraph (1), the court may take into account the aggravating 
        factor of the actions of the foreign state owning or 
        controlling the entity referred to in such paragraph to use 
        government resources to subsidize or underwrite the losses of 
        the entity in a manner that allows the entity to sustain the 
        predatory period and recoup its losses.
            (4) Market power not required.--For the purpose of 
        establishing the elements under paragraph (1), the plaintiff 
        may not be required to demonstrate that the defendant has 
        monopoly or market power.
    (b) Recovery of Damages.--Any person (as defined in section 1(a) of 
the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 12(a)) whose business or property is injured 
as a result of the actions of an entity described in subsection (a) 
shall be entitled to recovery from the defendant for damages and other 
related costs under section 4 of such Act (15 U.S.C. 15).
    (c) Elements of Prima Facie Case.--A plaintiff may initiate a claim 
against a defendant in an appropriate Federal court for a violation of 
subsection (a) in order to recover damages under subsection (b) by--
            (1) establishing, by a preponderance of the evidence, that 
        the defendant--
                    (A) is a foreign state or an agency or 
                instrumentality of a foreign state (as such terms are 
                defined in section 1603 of title 28, United States 
                Code); and
                    (B) is not immune from the jurisdiction of the 
                Federal court pursuant to section 1605(a)(2) of title 
                28, United States Code; and
            (2) setting forth sufficient evidence to establish a 
        reasonable inference that the defendant has violated subsection 
        (a).
    (d) Court Determination Leading to Evidentiary Burden Shifting to 
Defendant.--If a Federal court finds that a plaintiff has met its 
burden of proof under subsection (c), the court may determine that--
            (1) the plaintiff has established a prima facie case that 
        the conduct of the defendant violated subsection (a); and
            (2) the defendant has the burden of rebutting such case by 
        establishing that the defendant did not violate subsection (a).
    (e) Filing of Amicus Briefs by the Department of State and the 
Department of Justice Regarding International Comity and Harm to 
Competition.--
            (1) In general.--For the purposes of considering questions 
        of international comity with respect to making decisions 
        regarding commercial activity and the scope of applicable 
        sovereign immunity, the Federal court may receive and consider 
        relevant amicus briefs filed by the Secretary.
            (2) Attorney general.--For the purposes of considering 
        questions regarding assessing potential harm to competition, 
        the Federal court may receive and consider relevant amicus 
        briefs filed by the Attorney General.
            (3) Savings provision.--Nothing in paragraph (1) may be 
        construed to limit the ability of the Federal court to receive 
        and consider any other amicus briefs.

SEC. 312. EXPANSION OF OFFENSE OF THEFT OF TRADE SECRETS TO INCLUDE 
              UNAUTHORIZED DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTS AND DIGITAL 
              ARTICLES.

    (a) In General.--Section 1832(a) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs 
        (5) and (6), respectively;
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) without authorization, modifies or develops a product 
        or digital article that could not have been modified or 
        developed in the same way without access to such 
        information;''; and
            (3) in paragraphs (5) and (6), as redesignated, by striking 
        ``(3)'' each place it appears and inserting ``(4)''.
    (b) Applicability To Conduct Outside the United States.--Section 
1837 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) in the case of a violation of section 1832(a)(4), the 
        offender attempts to import a product or digital article 
        described in such section into the United States.''.
    (c) Definitions.--Section 1839 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3), in the matter preceding subparagraph 
        (A), by inserting ``data,'' after ``programs,'';
            (2) in paragraph (6)(B), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (3) in paragraph (7)--
                    (A) by inserting an end quote after ``purposes''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking the end quote and final period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) the term `digital article' means an algorithm, 
        digitized process, or database, or any other electronic 
        technology that generates, stores, or processes data.''.

SEC. 313. REVIEW OF PETITIONS RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THEFT 
              AND FORCED TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban 
                Affairs of the Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate;
                    (D) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;
                    (E) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives;
                    (F) the Committee on Financial Services of the 
                House of Representatives;
                    (G) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the 
                House of Representatives; and
                    (H) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
                Representatives.
            (2) Committee.--The term ``Committee'' means the committee 
        established or designated pursuant to subsection (b).
            (3) Foreign person.--The term ``foreign person'' means a 
        person that is not a United States person.
            (4) Intellectual property.--The term ``intellectual 
        property'' means--
                    (A) any work protected by a copyright under title 
                17, United States Code;
                    (B) any property protected by a patent granted by 
                the United States Patent and Trademark Office under 
                title 35, United States Code;
                    (C) any word, name, symbol, or device, or any 
                combination thereof, that is registered as a trademark 
                with the United States Patent and Trademark Office 
                under the Act entitled ``An Act to provide for the 
                registration and protection of trademarks used in 
                commerce, to carry out the provisions of certain 
                international conventions, and for other purposes'', 
                approved July 5, 1946 (commonly known as the ``Lanham 
                Act'' or the ``Trademark Act of 1946'') (15 U.S.C. 1051 
                et seq.);
                    (D) a trade secret (as defined in section 1839 of 
                title 18, United States Code); or
                    (E) any other form of intellectual property.
            (5) United states person.--The term ``United States 
        person'' means--
                    (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully 
                admitted for permanent residence to the United States; 
                or
                    (B) an entity organized under the laws of the 
                United States or any jurisdiction within the United 
                States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.
    (b) Establishment of a Committee.--
            (1) In general.--The President shall--
                    (A) establish a multi-agency committee to carry out 
                this section; or
                    (B) designate an existing multi-agency committee 
                within the executive branch to carry out this section 
                if the President determines that such existing 
                committee has the relevant expertise and personnel to 
                carry out this section.
            (2) Membership.--Except as provided under paragraph (3), 
        the Committee shall be comprised of--
                    (A) the Secretary of the Treasury;
                    (B) the Secretary of Commerce;
                    (C) the Secretary;
                    (D) the Attorney General;
                    (E) the Director of National Intelligence; and
                    (F) the heads of such other agencies as the 
                President determines appropriate, generally or on a 
                case-by-case basis.
            (3) Designee.--An official specified in paragraph (2) may 
        select a designee to serve on the Committee from among 
        individuals serving in positions appointed by the President by 
        and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
            (4) Chair and vice chair.--The President shall appoint a 
        chairperson and a vice chairperson of the Committee from among 
        the members of the Committee.
    (c) Submission of Petitions.--
            (1) In general.--A United States person described in 
        paragraph (3) may submit a petition to the Committee requesting 
        that the Committee--
                    (A) review, in accordance with subsection (d), a 
                significant act or series of acts described in 
                paragraph (2) committed by a foreign person; and
                    (B) refer the matter to the President with a 
                recommendation to impose sanctions pursuant to 
                subsection (e) to address any threat to the national 
                security of the United States posed by the significant 
                act or series of acts.
            (2) Significant act or series of acts described.--A 
        significant act or series of acts described in this paragraph 
        is a significant act or series of acts of--
                    (A) theft of intellectual property of a United 
                States person; or
                    (B) forced transfer of technology that is the 
                intellectual property of a United States person.
            (3) United states person described.--A United States person 
        is described in this paragraph if--
                    (A) a court of competent jurisdiction in the United 
                States has rendered a final judgment in favor of the 
                United States person that--
                            (i) the foreign person identified in the 
                        petition submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) 
                        committed the significant act or series of acts 
                        identified in the petition;
                            (ii) the United States person is the owner 
                        of the intellectual property identified in the 
                        petition; and
                            (iii) the foreign person is using that 
                        intellectual property without the permission of 
                        the United States person; and
                    (B) the United States person can provide clear and 
                convincing evidence to the Committee that the value of 
                the economic loss to the United States person resulting 
                from the significant act or series of acts exceeds 
                $10,000,000.
    (d) Review and Action by the Committee.--
            (1) Review.--Upon receiving a petition pursuant to 
        subsection (c), the Committee shall conduct a review of the 
        petition in order to determine whether the imposition of 
        sanctions pursuant to subsection (e) is necessary and 
        appropriate to address any threat to the national security of 
        the United States posed by the significant act or series of 
        acts identified in the petition.
            (2) Action.--After conducting a review pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) of a petition submitted pursuant to subsection 
        (c), the Committee may take no action, dismiss the petition, or 
        refer the petition to the President with a recommendation with 
        respect to whether to impose sanctions under subsection (e).
    (e) Imposition of Sanctions.--
            (1) In general.--The President may impose the sanctions 
        described in paragraph (3) with respect to a foreign person 
        identified in a petition submitted pursuant to subsection (c) 
        if the President determines that imposing such sanctions is 
        necessary and appropriate to address any threat to the national 
        security of the United States posed by the significant act or 
        series of acts identified in the petition.
            (2) Notice to congress.--Not later than 30 days after the 
        Committee refers a petition to the President with a 
        recommendation pursuant to subsection (d)(2), the President 
        shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
        notice of the determination of the President under paragraph 
        (1) with respect to whether or not to impose sanctions 
        described in paragraph (3) with respect to each foreign person 
        identified in the petition. Each notice required under this 
        paragraph shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 
        include a classified annex.
            (3) Sanctions described.--The sanctions that may be imposed 
        pursuant to paragraph (1) with respect to a foreign person 
        identified in a petition submitted pursuant to subsection (c) 
        are the following:
                    (A) Export sanction.--The President may order the 
                United States Government not to issue any specific 
                license and not to grant any other specific permission 
                or authority to export any goods or technology to the 
                person under--
                            (i) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 
                        (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.);
                            (ii) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 
                        2751 et seq.);
                            (iii) the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 
                        U.S.C. 2011 et seq.); or
                            (iv) any other statute that requires the 
                        prior review and approval of the United States 
                        Government as a condition for the export or 
                        reexport of goods or services.
                    (B) Loans from united states financial 
                institutions.--The President may prohibit any United 
                States financial institution from making loans or 
                providing credits to the person totaling more than 
                $10,000,000 in any 12-month period unless the person is 
                engaged in activities to relieve human suffering and 
                the loans or credits are provided for such activities.
                    (C) Loans from international financial 
                institutions.--The President may direct the United 
                States executive director to each international 
                financial institution to use the voice and vote of the 
                United States to oppose any loan from the international 
                financial institution that would benefit the person.
                    (D) Prohibitions on financial institutions.--The 
                following prohibitions may be imposed against the 
                person if the person is a financial institution:
                            (i) Prohibition on designation as primary 
                        dealer.--Neither the Board of Governors of the 
                        Federal Reserve System nor the Federal Reserve 
                        Bank of New York may designate, or permit the 
                        continuation of any prior designation of, the 
                        financial institution as a primary dealer in 
                        United States Government debt instruments.
                            (ii) Prohibition on service as a repository 
                        of government funds.--The financial institution 
                        may not serve as agent of the United States 
                        Government or serve as repository for United 
                        States Government funds.
                    (E) Procurement sanction.--The President may 
                prohibit the United States Government from procuring, 
                or entering into any contract for the procurement of, 
                any goods or services from the person.
                    (F) Foreign exchange.--The President may, pursuant 
                to such regulations as the President may prescribe, 
                prohibit any transactions in foreign exchange that are 
                subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and in 
                which the person has any interest.
                    (G) Banking transactions.--The President may, 
                pursuant to such regulations as the President may 
                prescribe, prohibit any transfers of credit or payments 
                between financial institutions or by, through, or to 
                any financial institution, to the extent that such 
                transfers or payments are subject to the jurisdiction 
                of the United States and involve any interest of the 
                person.
                    (H) Property transactions.--The President may, 
                pursuant to such regulations as the President may 
                prescribe, prohibit any person from--
                            (i) acquiring, holding, withholding, using, 
                        transferring, withdrawing, transporting, 
                        importing, or exporting any property that is 
                        subject to the jurisdiction of the United 
                        States and with respect to which the person 
                        identified in the petition has any interest;
                            (ii) dealing in or exercising any right, 
                        power, or privilege with respect to such 
                        property; or
                            (iii) conducting any transaction involving 
                        such property.
                    (I) Ban on investment in equity or debt of 
                sanctioned person.--The President may, pursuant to such 
                regulations or guidelines as the President may 
                prescribe, prohibit any United States person from 
                investing in or purchasing significant amounts of 
                equity or debt instruments of the person.
                    (J) Exclusion of corporate officers.--The President 
                may direct the Secretary to deny a visa to, and the 
                Secretary of Homeland Security to exclude from the 
                United States, any alien that the President determines 
                is a corporate officer or principal of, or a 
                shareholder with a controlling interest in, the person 
                identified in the petition.
                    (K) Sanctions on principal executive officers.--The 
                President may impose on the principal executive officer 
                or officers of the person, or on individuals performing 
                similar functions and with similar authorities as such 
                officer or officers, any of the sanctions described in 
                this paragraph.
    (f) Implementation; Penalties.--
            (1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all 
        authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 
        205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
        U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this section.
            (2) Penalties.--Any person that violates, attempts to 
        violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this 
        section or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry 
        out this section shall be subject to the penalties set forth in 
        subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International 
        Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same 
        extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in 
        subsection (a) of such section.
    (g) Confidentiality of Information.--
            (1) In general.--The Committee shall protect from 
        disclosure any proprietary information submitted by a United 
        States person and marked as business confidential information, 
        unless the person submitting the information--
                    (A) had notice, at the time of submission, that the 
                information would be released by the Committee; or
                    (B) subsequently consents to the release of the 
                information.
            (2) Treatment as trade secrets.--Proprietary information 
        submitted by a United States person pursuant to this section 
        shall be--
                    (A) considered to be trade secrets and commercial 
                or financial information (as those terms are used for 
                purposes of section 552b(c)(4) of title 5, United 
                States Code); and
                    (B) exempt from disclosure without the express 
                approval of the person.
    (h) Rulemaking.--The President may prescribe such licenses, orders, 
and regulations as are necessary to carry out this section, including 
with respect to the process by which United States persons may submit 
petitions pursuant to subsection (c).

SEC. 314. FOSTERING ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ALIGNED WITH PARTNER COUNTRY 
              NEEDS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary may not exclude or otherwise limit 
the provision of funds that would otherwise have been available under 
any Federal law or regulation to support natural gas and civil nuclear 
energy projects, including market development, infrastructure, 
technology, or technical assistance on the basis that--
            (1) such projects result in new carbon emissions or 
        associated infrastructure;
            (2) a higher-cost and lower-emissions alternative is 
        available; or
            (3) lower cost alternatives are available where pricing 
        does not take into account dispatchability, given the 
        importance of flexible generation for ensuring a stable and 
        reliable power supply.
    (b) Partner Country Driven Energy Projects.--In prioritizing energy 
projects for which United States allies and partners are seeking 
assistance authorized to be appropriated under Federal law the 
Secretary should take into consideration--
            (1) the objectives of improving--
                    (A) energy access within the partner country;
                    (B) energy security; and
                    (C) economic needs of the host country;
            (2) appropriate coordination with host country government 
        authorities; and
            (3) the national security or foreign policy interests of 
        the United States.
    (c) Additional Funding.--Federal foreign assistance funds allocated 
to an energy project--
            (1) shall be in addition to investments made by the United 
        States private sector and the private sector of United States 
        partners or allied countries; and
            (2) should not displace or complicate private sector 
        involvement in the development of host country energy 
        resources.
    (d) Chief of Mission Authority.--The Secretary shall be responsible 
for the management and operation of commercial engagements on all 
energy projects conducted under chief of mission authority at all 
United States embassies.

SEC. 315. OPPOSITION OF UNITED STATES TO AN INCREASE IN WEIGHT OF 
              CHINESE RENMINBI IN SPECIAL DRAWING RIGHTS BASKET OF 
              INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the 
United States Governor of, and the United States Executive Director at, 
the International Monetary Fund to use the voice and vote of the United 
States to oppose any increase in the weight of the Chinese renminbi in 
the basket of currencies used to determine the value of Special Drawing 
Rights, unless the Secretary of the Treasury has submitted a written 
report to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the 
Senate and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
Representatives that includes a certification that--
            (1) the PRC is in compliance with all its obligations under 
        Article VIII of the Articles of Agreement of the Fund;
            (2) during the preceding 12 months, there has not been a 
        report submitted under section 3005 of the Omnibus Trade and 
        Competitiveness Act of 1988 (22 U.S.C. 5305) or section 701 of 
        the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (19 
        U.S.C. 4421) in which the PRC has been found to have 
        manipulated its currency; and
            (3) the PRC has instituted and is implementing the policies 
        and practices necessary to ensure that the renminbi is freely 
        usable (within the meaning of Article XXX(f) of the Articles of 
        Agreement of the Fund).
    (b) Sunset.--Subsection (a) shall have no force or effect beginning 
on the date that is 10 years after the date of the enactment of this 
Act.

SEC. 316. STRENGTHENING CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT OF SPECIAL DRAWING 
              RIGHTS AT INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND.

    Section 6 of the Special Drawing Rights Act (22 U.S.C. 286q) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``each basic period'' and inserting 
                ``any 10-year period''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``25 percent of'' before ``the 
                United States quota''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)(1)--
                    (A) by inserting ``, or consent to or acquiesce in 
                such an allocation,'' before ``without consultations''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking ``90 days'' and inserting ``180 
                days''.

SEC. 317. SECURITY AND OVERSIGHT FOR INTERNATIONAL LANDHOLDINGS.

    (a) Review by Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States 
of Certain Agricultural Real Estate Transactions.--Section 721(a)(4)(B) 
of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended by section 308, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(vii) Any acquisition or transfer of an 
                        interest, other than a security, in 
                        agricultural land held by a person that is a 
                        national of, or is organized under the laws or 
                        otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of, a 
                        country--
                                    ``(I) designated as a nonmarket 
                                economy country pursuant to section 
                                771(18) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 
                                U.S.C. 1677(18)); or
                                    ``(II) identified as a country that 
                                poses a risk to the national security 
                                of the United States in the most recent 
                                annual report on worldwide threats 
                                issued by the Director of National 
                                Intelligence pursuant to section 108B 
                                of the National Security Act of 1947 
                                (50 U.S.C. 3043b) (commonly known as 
                                the `Annual Threat Assessment').''.
    (b) Review by Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States 
of Real Estate Transactions Near Military Installations.--Section 
721(a)(4)(B) of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended by 
subsection (a) and sections 102(a)(1)(B) and 308(a), is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(viii) Any acquisition or transfer of an 
                        interest, other than a security, in any form of 
                        real estate that is located not more than 50 
                        miles from a military installation (as defined 
                        in section 2801(c)(4) of title 10, United 
                        States Code) other than residential property 
                        held by a person that is a national of, or is 
                        organized under the laws or otherwise subject 
                        to the jurisdiction of, a country described in 
                        clause (vii).''.
    (c) Expansion of Membership in Committee on Foreign Investment in 
the United States.--Section 721(k)(6) of the Defense Production Act of 
1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(k)(6)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(6) Other members.--The chairperson shall include the 
        heads of relevant departments, agencies, and offices (or the 
        designee of any such head) in any review or investigation under 
        subsection (b), on the basis of the facts and circumstances of 
        the covered transaction under review or investigation.''.
    (d) Prohibition on Use of Funds for Certain Agricultural Real 
Estate Holdings.--No assistance, including subsidies, may be provided 
by any Federal agency to a person for an agricultural real estate 
holding wholly or partly owned by a person that is a national of, or is 
organized under the laws or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of, a 
country described in section 721(a)(4)(B)(viii) of the Defense 
Production Act of 1950, as added by subsection (a).
    (e) Disclosure Requirements for Foreign Agricultural Real Estate 
Holdings.--
            (1) Reporting requirements.--Section 2(a) of the 
        Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 
        U.S.C. 3501(a)) is amended--
                    (A) in the first sentence of the matter preceding 
                paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by inserting ``, or enters into a 
                        leasing agreement the period of which is longer 
                        than 5 years with respect to agricultural 
                        land,'' after ``agricultural land''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``acquisition or 
                        transfer'' and inserting ``acquisition, 
                        transfer, or lease''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``acquired or 
                transferred'' and inserting ``acquired, transferred, or 
                leased''.
            (2) Revocation of minimum acreage requirement.--Section 
        9(1) of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 
        1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508(1)) is amended by inserting ``, subject to 
        the condition that the Secretary may not exclude land from this 
        definition based on the acreage of the land'' before the 
        semicolon at the end.
    (f) Reports of Holdings of Agricultural Land in the United States 
by Foreign Persons.--Section 6 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment 
Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3505) is amended--
            (1) by striking the section designation and heading and all 
        that follows through ``Not later than'' and inserting the 
        following:

``SEC. 6. REPORTS.

    ``(a) Transmission of Reports to States.--Not later than''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Annual Report.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall prepare and make 
        publicly available an annual report describing holdings of 
        agricultural land by foreign persons, as determined by the 
        reports submitted pursuant to section 2, including--
                    ``(A) an analysis of the countries with the most 
                extensive agricultural land holdings on a State-by-
                State and county-by-county basis;
                    ``(B) data and an analysis of agricultural land 
                holdings in each county in the United States by a 
                foreign person from--
                            ``(i) the People's Republic of China;
                            ``(ii) the Russian Federation; or
                            ``(iii) any other country that the 
                        Secretary determines to be appropriate;
                    ``(C) an analysis of the sectors and industries for 
                which the agricultural land holdings are used; and
                    ``(D) in consultation with the Director of the 
                United States Geological Survey, an identification of 
                countries that own or lease water rights and mineral 
                deposits on a State-by-State and county-by-county 
                basis.
            ``(2) Transmission to states.--The Secretary shall transmit 
        each report prepared pursuant to paragraph (1) to each State 
        department of agriculture or appropriate State agency described 
        in subsection (a) in conjunction with the applicable reports 
        transmitted pursuant to that subsection.''.

SEC. 318. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY VIOLATORS LIST.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and not less frequently than annually thereafter 
for the following 5 years, the Secretary, in coordination with the 
Secretary of Commerce, the Attorney General, the United States Trade 
Representative, and the Director of National Intelligence, shall create 
a list (referred to in this section as the ``IP violators list'') that 
identifies--
            (1) all centrally administered state-owned enterprises 
        incorporated in the People's Republic of China that have 
        benefitted from--
                    (A) a significant act or series of acts of 
                intellectual property theft that subjected a United 
                States economic sector or particular company 
                incorporated in the United States to harm; or
                    (B) an act or government policy of involuntary or 
                coerced technology transfer of intellectual property 
                ultimately owned by a company incorporated in the 
                United States; and
            (2) any corporate officer of, or principal shareholder with 
        controlling interests in, an entity described in paragraph (1).
    (b) Rules for Identification.--To determine whether there is a 
credible basis for determining that a company should be included on the 
IP violators list, the Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of 
Commerce, the United States Trade Representative, and the Director of 
National Intelligence, shall consider--
            (1) any finding by a United States court that the company 
        has violated relevant United States laws intended to protect 
        intellectual property rights; or
            (2) substantial and credible information received from any 
        entity described in subsection (c) or other interested persons.
    (c) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary, in 
coordination with the Secretary of Commerce, the United States Trade 
Representative, and the Director of National Intelligence, may consult, 
as necessary and appropriate, with--
            (1) other Federal agencies, including independent agencies;
            (2) the private sector;
            (3) civil society organizations with relevant expertise; 
        and
            (4) the Governments of Australia, of Canada, of the 
        European Union, of Japan, of New Zealand, of South Korea, and 
        of the United Kingdom.
    (d) Report.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall publish, in the 
        Federal Register, an annual report that--
                    (A) lists the companies engaged in the activities 
                described in subsection (a)(1);
                    (B) describes the circumstances surrounding actions 
                described in subsection (a)(2), including any role of 
                the Government of the People's Republic of China;
                    (C) assesses, to the extent practicable, the 
                economic advantage derived by the companies engaged in 
                the activities described in subsection (a)(1); and
                    (D) assesses whether each company engaged in the 
                activities described in subsection (a)(1) is using or 
                has used the stolen intellectual property in commercial 
                activity in Australia, Canada, the European Union, 
                Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, the United Kingdom, or 
                the United States.
            (2) Form.--The report published pursuant to paragraph (1) 
        shall be published in unclassified form, but may include a 
        classified annex.
    (e) Declassification and Release.--The Director of National 
Intelligence may authorize the declassification of information, as 
appropriate, used to prepare the report published pursuant to 
subsection (d).
    (f) Requirement To Protect Business-Confidential Information.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary and the heads of all other 
        Federal agencies involved in the production of the IP violators 
        list shall protect from disclosure any proprietary information 
        submitted by a private sector participant and marked as 
        business-confidential information, unless the party submitting 
        the confidential business information--
                    (A) had notice, at the time of submission, that 
                such information would be released by the Secretary; or
                    (B) subsequently consents to the release of such 
                information.
            (2) Nonconfidential version of report.--If confidential 
        business information is provided by a private sector 
        participant, a nonconfidential version of the report under 
        subsection (d) shall be published in the Federal Register that 
        summarizes or deletes, if necessary, such confidential business 
        information.
            (3) Treatment as trade secrets.--Proprietary information 
        submitted by a private party pursuant to this section--
                    (A) shall be considered to be trade secrets and 
                commercial or financial information (as defined under 
                section 552(b)(4) of title 5, United States Code); and
                    (B) shall be exempt from disclosure without the 
                express approval of the private party.

SEC. 319. ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE PRESENCE OF CHINESE COMPANIES IN UNITED 
              STATES CAPITAL MARKETS.

    (a) Defined Term.--In this section, the term ``appropriate 
committees of Congress'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
            (2) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
            (3) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of 
        the Senate;
            (4) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (5) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
        House of Representatives; and
            (6) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
        Representatives.
    (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the 
        following 5 years, the Secretary, in consultation with the 
        Director of National Intelligence and the Secretary of the 
        Treasury, shall submit an unclassified report to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress that describes the risks 
        posed to the United States by the presence in United States 
        capital markets of companies incorporated in the PRC.
            (2) Matters to be included.--The report required under 
        paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) identify companies incorporated in the PRC 
                that--
                            (i) are listed or traded on 1 or more stock 
                        exchanges within the United States, including 
                        over-the-counter market and ``A Shares'' added 
                        to indexes and exchange-traded funds out of 
                        mainland exchanges in the PRC; and
                            (ii) based on the factors for consideration 
                        described in paragraph (3), have knowingly and 
                        materially contributed to--
                                    (I) activities that undermine 
                                United States national security;
                                    (II) serious abuses of 
                                internationally recognized human 
                                rights; or
                                    (III) a substantially increased 
                                financial risk exposure for United 
                                States-based investors;
                    (B) describe the activities of the companies 
                identified pursuant to subparagraph (A), and their 
                implications for the United States; and
                    (C) develop policy recommendations for the United 
                States Government, State governments, United States 
                financial institutions, United States equity and debt 
                exchanges, and other relevant stakeholders to address 
                the risks posed by the presence in United States 
                capital markets of the companies identified pursuant to 
                subparagraph (A).
            (3) Factors for consideration.--In preparing the report 
        required under paragraph (1), the President shall consider 
        whether a company identified pursuant to paragraph (2)(A)--
                    (A) has materially contributed to the development 
                or manufacture, or sold or facilitated procurement by 
                the People's Liberation Army, of lethal military 
                equipment or component parts of such equipment;
                    (B) has contributed to the construction and 
                militarization of features in the South China Sea;
                    (C) has been sanctioned by the United States or has 
                been determined to have conducted business with 
                sanctioned entities;
                    (D) has engaged in an act or a series of acts of 
                intellectual property theft;
                    (E) has engaged in corporate or economic espionage;
                    (F) has contributed to the proliferation of nuclear 
                or missile technology in violation of United Nations 
                Security Council resolutions or United States 
                sanctions;
                    (G) has contributed to the repression of religious 
                and ethnic minorities within the PRC, including in the 
                Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region or the Tibet 
                Autonomous Region;
                    (H) has contributed to the development of 
                technologies that enable censorship directed or 
                directly supported by the Government of the PRC;
                    (I) has failed to comply fully with Federal 
                securities laws (including required audits by the 
                Public Company Accounting Oversight Board) and 
                ``material risk'' disclosure requirements of the 
                Securities and Exchange Commission; or
                    (J) has contributed to other activities or behavior 
                determined to be relevant by the President.
    (c) Form.--The report required under subsection (b)(1) shall be 
submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
    (d) Publication.--The unclassified portion of the report under 
subsection (b)(1) shall be made accessible to the public online through 
relevant United States Government websites.

SEC. 320. PROHIBITION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS FOR PROCUREMENT OF 
              CERTAIN BATTERIES.

    (a) Limitation.--Beginning on October 1, 2027, none of the funds 
appropriated or otherwise made available for the Department of State 
may be obligated or expended to procure a battery produced by an entity 
specified in subsection (b).
    (b) Entities Specified.--The entities specified in this subsection 
are the following:
            (1) Contemporary Amperex Technology Company, Limited (also 
        known as ``CATL'').
            (2) BYD Company, Limited.
            (3) Envision Energy, Limited.
            (4) EVE Energy Company, Limited.
            (5) Gotion High tech Company, Limited.
            (6) Hithium Energy Storage Technology company, Limited.
            (7) Any successor to an entity specified in paragraphs (1) 
        through (6).
    (c) Treatment of Production.--For purposes of this section, a 
battery shall be treated as having been produced by an entity specified 
in subsection (b) if such entity--
            (1) assembles or manufactures the final product; or
            (2) creates or otherwise provides a majority of the 
        components used in the battery.
    (d) National Interest Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the 
limitation under subsection (a) if the Secretary submits to the 
appropriate congressional committees--
            (1) a written determination that such waiver is important 
        to the national interests of the United States; and
            (2) a detailed explanation of how such waiver is important 
        to such interests.

SEC. 321. ENDING SUPPORT FOR PRC CONTRACTS AT THE WORLD BANK.

    (a) Investment Project Financing Contracts.--The Secretary of the 
Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director at the 
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development to use the voice, 
vote, and influence of the United States--
            (1) to limit the awarding of Investment Project Financing 
        contracts to entities or individuals organized under the laws 
        of, or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of, the People's 
        Republic of China, including entities owned or controlled by 
        the Government of the People's Republic of China;
            (2) to limit the awarding of Investment Project Financing 
        contracts to entities listed on--
                    (A) the Non-SDN Chinese Military-Industrial Complex 
                Entities List (``NS-CMIC List'') or any of their 
                subsidiaries;
                    (B) entities or individuals on the Specially 
                Designated Nationals List (``SDN List'');
                    (C) the Consolidated Sanctions List (``Non-SDN 
                List'');
                    (D) the Sectoral Sanctions Identifications List 
                (``SSI List'');
                    (E) the Foreign Sanctions Evaders List (``FSE 
                List'');
                    (F) the List of Foreign Financial Institutions 
                Subject to Correspondent Account or Payable-Through 
                Account Sanctions (``CAPTA List'');
                    (G) the Non-SDN Menu-Based Sanctions List (``NS-MBS 
                List'');
                    (H) the Covered List;
                    (I) the Entity List;
                    (J) the Military End-User List; and
                    (K) the Consolidated Screening List; and
            (3) to encourage the adoption of sanctions and export 
        control lists as appropriate as criteria in future iterations 
        of the World Bank Procurement Framework or successor guidance 
        documents for Investment Project Financing projects.
    (b) Report.--Beginning in the first calendar year beginning after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Department of the Treasury, 
as part of the Annual Report to Congress from the Chairman of the 
National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial 
Policies, shall include--
            (1) information regarding any contracts awarded by the 
        World Bank Group, the European Bank for Reconstruction and 
        Development, the Asian Development Bank, the African 
        Development Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank to 
        entities described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) 
        during the preceding calendar year, including--
                    (A) the title or other identifying name of the 
                project;
                    (B) a description of the project;
                    (C) the location of the project;
                    (D) the amount of funding or financing allocated 
                for the project;
                    (E) the amount of funding or financing disbursed 
                under the project; and
                    (F) a summary of the status of the implementation 
                of the project;
            (2) to the greatest extent possible, information regarding 
        any other entities that submitted bids for Investment Project 
        Financing contracts ultimately awarded to persons or entities 
        described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) during the 
        preceding calendar year;
            (3) records of votes held by the World Bank Group Boards of 
        Governors in the preceding calendar year regarding policies 
        related to the World Bank Procurement Framework; and
            (4) any changes to the Framework resulting from such votes.

SEC. 322. REPORT ON UNITED STATES DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS TO COUNTER THE 
              PRC'S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE.

    (a) Defined Term.--In this section, the term ``appropriate 
congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and 
        House Committee on Foreign Affairs;
            (2) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
        of the Senate;
            (3) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of 
        the Senate;
            (4) the Committee on Finance of the Senate;
            (5) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (6) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (7) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
        Representatives; and
            (8) the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of 
        Representatives.
    (b) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the 
appropriate congressional committees that includes--
            (1) a description of the current interagency process for 
        coordinating international development projects and investments 
        among--
                    (A) the Department of State;
                    (B) the United States Agency for International 
                Development;
                    (C) the Millennium Challenge Corporation;
                    (D) the United States Trade and Development Agency;
                    (E) the Department of Commerce;
                    (F) the Department of the Treasury;
                    (G) the Export-Import Bank of the United States;
                    (H) the Office of the United States Trade 
                Representative; and
                    (I) other executive branch agencies that the 
                Secretary considers relevant to such report;
            (2) a list of interagency priorities when identifying and 
        pursing joint or complementary international development 
        projects;
            (3) the extent to which the interagency process for 
        identifying and pursing international development projects 
        considers competition with the PRC and its Belt and Road 
        Initiative;
            (4) the extent to which such interagency process consults 
        with the Department of Defense for guidance on projects or 
        investments that might advance United States national security 
        interests as laid out in the National Security Strategy and the 
        National Defense Strategy;
            (5) an interagency strategy for identifying international 
        development projects that can be pursued jointly or in a 
        complementary fashion with other United States development 
        agencies and initiatives, including how United States 
        Government development agencies can work together to counter 
        the PRC's Belt and Road Initiative;
            (6) how the interagency process works with global partners 
        and allies, including international development bodies, to 
        compete with the PRC and its Belt and Road Initiative; and
            (7) strategic industries or regions where the United States 
        Government and its foreign partners should pursue more 
        international development projects in order to compete with the 
        PRC and its Belt and Road initiative.

      TITLE IV--STRENGTHENING SECURITY ALLIANCES AND PARTNERSHIPS

              Subtitle A--International Security Partners

SEC. 401. DEFINED TERM.

    In this subtitle, the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' 
means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
            (2) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
            (3) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives; and
            (4) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
        Representatives.

SEC. 402. RESTRICTION ON TRACK 1.5 DIALOGUES WITH THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC 
              OF CHINA.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the PRC has undertaken a breathtaking expansion of its 
        nuclear weapons and missile arsenal and is now engaged in a 
        sprint to strategic parity with the United States;
            (2) the PRC has failed to respond to United States efforts 
        to participate in confidence-building measures related to 
        strategic issues or to establish official dialogues with the 
        United States on crisis stability and arms race stability;
            (3) the PRC is not implementing previously agreed to 
        military-to-military confidence-building measures that require 
        notification of major military exercises, nor is it adhering to 
        the Memorandum of Understanding on the Rules of Behavior for 
        Safety of Air and Maritime Encounters between the Department of 
        Defense of the United States of America and the Ministry of 
        National Defense of the People's Republic of China, done at 
        Washington and Beijing November 9, 2014, or its supplemental 
        agreements;
            (4) the PRC is failing to adhere to its commitment under 
        Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 
        Weapons, done at Washington, London, and Moscow July 1, 1968 
        (commonly referred to as the ``Nuclear Nonproliferation 
        Treaty'' or the ``NPT''), ``to pursue negotiations in good 
        faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the 
        nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, 
        and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under 
        strict and effective international control'';
            (5) the PRC's nuclear weapons expansion is designed to 
        undermine extended deterrence commitments made by the United 
        States to allies in the Indo-Pacific region;
            (6) Sino-Russian nuclear energy cooperation is designed in 
        part to generate additional fissile material to help fuel the 
        PRC's nuclear weapons expansion;
            (7) the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the 
        United States interest in preventing proliferation and has been 
        a central contributor to fostering the nuclear weapons and 
        ballistic missile programs of Pakistan, North Korea, and Iran;
            (8) the United States should not continue to solicit 
        Chinese participation in arms control talks;
            (9) multilateral fora like P-5 meetings of the nuclear-
        weapon states (as defined in the Nuclear Nonproliferation 
        Treaty) are ineffective and are used by the Chinese Communist 
        Party to create the appearance of cooperation; and
            (10) the United States should cease funding and 
        participating in Track 1.5 dialogues with the PRC on nuclear 
        weapons, strategic space, and missile defense, which--
                    (A) have not led to beneficial outcomes in 
                government-to-government discussions on those topics; 
                and
                    (B) provide the PRC with insight and know-how into 
                nuclear strategy and other topics without providing 
                reciprocal insight for the United States.
    (b) Defined Term.--In this section, the term ``Track 1.5 dialogue'' 
means a dialogue or other meeting on a policy issue or issues that 
includes nongovernment representatives and government representatives.
    (c) Limitation on Use of Funds.--No amounts appropriated or 
otherwise made available to the Department of State or the Department 
of Defense may be obligated or expended for any diplomatic or military-
to-military Track 1.5 dialogues on nuclear, missile defense, or space 
policy with any entity under the direct control of the Chinese 
Communist Party or the Government of the People's Republic of China, 
including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defense, or 
the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China.

SEC. 403. REFOCUSING INTERNATIONAL SECURITY EFFORTS FOR STRATEGIC 
              COMPETITION.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the size of the United States diplomatic corps and the 
        civil service workforce of the Department of State must be 
        sufficient to meet the current and emerging security challenges 
        of the 21st century, particularly those posed by the People's 
        Republic of China and the Russian Federation;
            (2) an increased focus on the PRC in the international 
        security sphere is necessary to achieve objectives of the 
        Department in strategic affairs and nonproliferation;
            (3) the focus described in paragraph (2) must be 
        implemented with attention on increasing the number of Foreign 
        Service officers and civil servants at the Department--
                    (A) to ensure the Department is resourced at 
                sufficient levels such that diplomatic tools remain 
                central to the implementation of a long-term 
                competitive strategy with the PRC; and
                    (B) to coordinate with efforts of allies and 
                partners to improve the security of the United States 
                and advance allied interests in the face of the 
                military modernization and expansion of the PRC;
            (4) the centrality of traditional legally binding arms 
        control agreements in United States national security policy is 
        likely to diminish in an era of strategic competition with the 
        Russian Federation and the PRC;
            (5) emerging technologies such as cyber, artificial 
        intelligence, quantum technologies, space, hypersonic missiles, 
        and fractional orbit bombardment systems, and advances in 
        missile defense systems, will increasingly impact the strategic 
        balance between the United States and its great power 
        adversaries; and
            (6) strategic threats will be increasingly addressed 
        through risk reduction measures such as the promotion of 
        international norms in multilateral forums, increasing 
        communication and predictability with adversaries, and close 
        cooperation and security integration with allies and partners.
    (b) Statement of Policy.--It shall be the policy of the United 
States--
            (1) to ensure funding levels for the Department of State 
        for international security reflect the importance and 
        significance of the Indo-Pacific region to the political, 
        economic, and security interests of the United States;
            (2) to increase funding and the proportion of personnel 
        dedicated to the Indo-Pacific region respective to the 
        international security budget of the Department of State; and
            (3) to confront the current limitations on United States 
        Foreign Service Officer exposure to the Russian Federation by 
        maintaining education and focus on Russian culture, politics, 
        military strategy, and language.
    (c) Action Plan.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees an action plan that--
                    (A) identifies the requirements to advance the 
                international security objectives of the United States 
                in the Indo-Pacific region and the personnel and 
                budgetary resources needed to meet those requirements, 
                assuming an unconstrained resource environment;
                    (B) identifies the offices responsible for managing 
                bilateral and multilateral arms control, 
                nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements that are 
                expired, are expiring, or the United States has 
                withdrawn from, and a description of how the missions 
                of those offices could be revised to focus on 
                competitive strategies and risk reduction initiatives 
                in the Indo-Pacific region;
                    (C) identifies any staff positions related to arms 
                control efforts that adversaries are not participating 
                in or cooperating with, and a description of how those 
                positions could be reallocated;
                    (D) includes a plan for increasing the portion of 
                the international security budget of the Department of 
                State dedicated to the Indo-Pacific region, including 
                through the reallocation of personnel and resources, 
                with a focus on the threat posed by the military 
                modernization and expansion of the PRC;
                    (E) includes a plan for increasing the number of 
                positions in bureaus of the Department that report to 
                the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and 
                International Security and in overseas missions with 
                responsibility for the Indo-Pacific region, including a 
                description of such increases and how such increases 
                will advance United States objectives in the Indo-
                Pacific region;
                    (F) describes concrete, annual benchmarks that the 
                Department will meet in implementing the action plan; 
                and
                    (G) describes any barriers to implementing the 
                action plan.
            (2) Updates.--During the 2-year period beginning on the 
        date on which the action plan is submitted pursuant to 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
        congressional committees semiannual updates on the 
        implementation of the action plan that includes--
                    (A) supporting data; and
                    (B) a detailed assessment of benchmarks that have 
                been met.

SEC. 404. REPORT ON DIPLOMATIC OUTREACH WITH RESPECT TO PRC MILITARY 
              INSTALLATIONS OVERSEAS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Defense, shall submit a report to the appropriate 
committees of Congress regarding United States diplomatic engagement 
with other countries that host or are considering hosting any military 
installation of the Government of the PRC.
    (b) Matters To Be Included.--The report required under subsection 
(a) shall--
            (1) list the countries that currently host or are 
        considering hosting any military installation of the Government 
        of the PRC;
            (2) describe in detail United States diplomatic and related 
        efforts to engage countries that are considering hosting a 
        military installation of the Government of the PRC, and the 
        results of such efforts;
            (3) assess the adverse impact on United States interests of 
        the Government of the PRC successfully establishing a military 
        installation at any of the locations it is currently 
        considering;
            (4) describe and list any commercial ports outside of the 
        PRC that the United States Government assesses could be used by 
        the Government of the PRC for military purposes, and any 
        diplomatic efforts to engage the governments of the countries 
        where such ports are located;
            (5) describe the impact of the military installations of 
        the Government of the PRC on United States interests; and
            (6) include lessons learned from the diplomatic experience 
        of addressing the PRC's first overseas base in Djibouti.
    (c) Form of Report.--The report required under subsection (a) shall 
be submitted in classified form, but may include an unclassified 
summary.

SEC. 405. LIMITATION ON ASSISTANCE TO COUNTRIES HOSTING PRC MILITARY 
              INSTALLATIONS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) although it casts the Belt and Road Initiative as a 
        development initiative, the PRC is also utilizing the Belt and 
        Road Initiative to advance its own security interests, 
        including to expand its power projection capabilities and 
        facilitate greater access for the People's Liberation Army 
        through overseas military installations; and
            (2) the expansion of the People's Liberation Army globally 
        through overseas military installations will undermine the 
        medium- and long-term security of the United States and the 
        security and development of strategic partners in critical 
        regions around the world, which is at odds with United States 
        goals to promote peace, prosperity, and self-reliance among 
        partner nations, including through the Millennium Challenge 
        Corporation.
    (b) Limitation on Assistance.--Except as provided under subsection 
(c), for fiscal years 2024 through 2033, the government of a country 
that is hosting on its territory a military installation of the 
Government of the People's Republic of China or facilitates the 
expansion of the presence of the People's Liberation Army for purposes 
other than participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations or 
for temporary humanitarian, medical, and disaster relief operations in 
such country shall not be eligible for assistance under section 609 or 
616 of the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7708, 7715).
    (c) National Interest Waiver.--The President, on a case by case 
basis, may waive the limitation under subsection (b) if the President 
submits to the appropriate congressional committees--
            (1) a written determination that such waiver is important 
        to the national interests of the United States; and
            (2) a detailed explanation of how the waiver is important 
        to such interests.

SEC. 406. AMENDMENT TO THE STOP HARBORING IRANIAN PETROLEUM ACT.

    The Stop Harboring Iranian Petroleum Act (division J of Public Law 
118-50) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating section 6 as section 7; and
            (2) inserting after section 5 the following:

``SEC. 6. COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS TO PROTECT AMERICANS FROM DRONE 
              ATTACKS.

    ``(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            ``(1) the United States condemns the January 28, 2024, 
        drone attack on Tower 22 in Jordan by Iranian-backed militias 
        that tragically took the lives of 3 American servicemembers and 
        wounded 47 others;
            ``(2) one-way attack drones and similar low-cost armed 
        unmanned aerial systems are the most dangerous asymmetric 
        threat employed by Iranian-aligned militias against Americans 
        and American interests;
            ``(3) United States defense against drones relies on a 
        patchwork of defensive systems, and the United States and like-
        minded partners need to develop defensive systems that leverage 
        innovation and are responsive to rapidly changing technology 
        and attack methodologies;
            ``(4) the United States should improve cooperation with 
        like-minded partners to systematically map out, expose, and 
        disrupt missile and drone procurement networks used by the 
        Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen and other Iranian proxies 
        targeting United States forces and assets and United States 
        allies and partners in the region;
            ``(5) the partner countries of the United States, including 
        Iraq, Jordan, and countries on the Arabian Peninsula, face 
        urgent and emerging threats from unmanned aerial systems and 
        other unmanned aerial vehicles;
            ``(6) joint research and development to counter unmanned 
        aerial systems will serve the national security interests of 
        the United States and its partners in Iraq, Jordan, and on the 
        Arabian Peninsula;
            ``(7) development of counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems 
        technology will reduce the impacts of these attacks, build 
        deterrence, and increase regional stability; and
            ``(8) the United States and partners in Iraq, Jordan, and 
        on the Arabian Peninsula should continue to work together to 
        protect against the threat from unmanned aerial systems.
    ``(b) Defined Term.--In this section, the term `Arabian Peninsula' 
means Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab 
Emirates, and Yemen.
    ``(c) Authority To Enter Into a Cooperative Agreement To Protect 
Americans in Iraq, Jordan, and on the Arabian Peninsula From Weaponized 
Unmanned Aerial Systems.--
            ``(1) In general.--The President is authorized to enter 
        into a cooperative project agreement with Iraq, Jordan, and 
        countries on the Arabian Peninsula under the authority of 
        section 27 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2767) to 
        carry out research on and development, testing, evaluation, and 
        joint production (including follow-on support) of defense 
        articles and defense services to detect, track, and destroy 
        armed unmanned aerial systems that threaten the United States 
        and its partners in Iraq, Jordan, and on the Arabian Peninsula.
            ``(2) Applicable requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The cooperative project 
                agreement described in paragraph (1)--
                            ``(i) shall provide that any activities 
                        carried out pursuant to such agreement are 
                        subject to--
                                    ``(I) the applicable requirements 
                                described in subparagraphs (A), (B), 
                                and (C) of section 27(b)(2) of the Arms 
                                Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 
                                2767(b)(2)); and
                                    ``(II) any other applicable 
                                requirements of the Arms Export Control 
                                Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) with 
                                respect to the use, transfer, and 
                                security of such defense articles and 
                                defense services under such Act;
                            ``(ii) shall establish a framework to 
                        negotiate the rights to intellectual property 
                        developed under such agreement; and
                            ``(iii) shall be defensive in nature.
                    ``(B) Congressional notification requirements.--
                Notwithstanding section 27(g) of the Arms Export 
                Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2767(g)), any defense articles 
                that result from a cooperative project agreement shall 
                be subject to the requirements under subsections (b) 
                and (c) of section 36 of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2776).
    ``(d) Rule of Construction With Respect To Use of Military Force.--
Nothing in this section may be construed as an authorization for the 
use of military force.''.

SEC. 407. MISSILE TECHNOLOGY CONTROL REGIME PROVISIONS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``Missile Technology 
Control Regime'', ``MTCR'', and ``MTCR equipment or technology'' have 
the meanings given such terms in section 74(a) of the Arms Export 
Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2797c(a)).
    (b) Modification of Certain Provisions Relating to Bilateral 
Agreements and AUKUS Defense Trade Cooperation Under the Arms Export 
Control Act.--Section 38(j)(1)(C)(ii) of the Arms Export Control Act 
(22 U.S.C. 2778(j)(1)(C)(ii)) is amended--
            (1) by striking subclauses (I), (II), and (III); and
            (2) by redesignating subclauses (IV), (V), (VI), and (VII) 
        as subclauses (I), (II), (III), and (IV), respectively.
    (c) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report 
        to the appropriate congressional committees that includes--
                    (A) the opportunities and challenges United States 
                participation in the Missile Technology Control Regime 
                create--
                            (i) in addressing missile proliferation 
                        threats, including a comprehensive description 
                        of diplomatic and technical engagements with 
                        allies and partners regarding MTCR 
                        participation, guidelines, and standards; and
                            (ii) regarding security cooperation with 
                        allies and partners, including a comprehensive 
                        description of diplomatic and technical 
                        engagements with allies and partners regarding 
                        MTCR participation, guidelines, and standards;
                    (B) an update on MTCR-related deliberations and 
                engagements specific to North Atlantic Treaty 
                Organization allies, Australia, and other partners and 
                allies in the Indo-Pacific, including--
                            (i) technical consultations, diplomatic 
                        engagements, and export control regime 
                        consultations and assistance; and
                            (ii) an enumeration of planned 
                        modifications to or recommended changes to 
                        address the need for expedited sales and 
                        transfer of MTCR-controlled systems to address 
                        threats to United States national security, 
                        including in the Indo-Pacific region;
                    (C) a detailed description and assessment of 
                disinformation and misinformation campaigns or 
                activities seeking to discredit or undermine global 
                nonproliferation regimes, including such campaigns or 
                activities conducted by the PRC, Iran, Russia, and 
                North Korea and their assessed impact on such regimes;
                    (D) a detailed description of Russia's efforts to 
                disrupt consensus based decisions at the MTCR;
                    (E) a detailed description and assessment of 
                cooperation between the PRC, Iran, Russia, and North 
                Korea relating to MTCR equipment or technologies;
                    (F) a comprehensive list, disaggregated by category 
                of MTCR equipment or technology, of all countries that 
                sought to purchase MTCR equipment or technologies 
                during the 10-year period ending on the date of the 
                enactment of this Act, including--
                            (i) average time for an approval or 
                        disapproval decision;
                            (ii) reasoning and procedures that led to 
                        an approval or disapproval decision; and
                            (iii) details about countries that have 
                        repeatedly overcome the presumption of denial 
                        standard if and how the Department of State 
                        expedited considerations for further requests; 
                        and
                    (G) a comprehensive list, disaggregated by category 
                of MTCR equipment or technology, of United States 
                persons that have sought to export MTCR equipment or 
                technologies to other countries, including--
                            (i) average time for an approval or 
                        disapproval decision;
                            (ii) reasoning and procedures that led to 
                        an approval or disapproval decision;
                            (iii) information on those United States 
                        persons who have challenged any disapproval 
                        decision; and
                            (iv) a detailed explanation of the process 
                        United States persons can follow to appeal a 
                        disapproval decision, including a detailed 
                        licensing process that such persons should 
                        expect to follow to in order to receive 
                        consideration for an approval decision.
            (2) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall be 
        submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified 
        annex.

SEC. 408. STRENGTHENING EXTENDED NUCLEAR DETERRENCE IN THE KOREAN 
              THEATER OF OPERATIONS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) United States extended deterrence commitments to South 
        Korea have failed to keep pace with the nuclear and strategic 
        threats in East Asia, in particular those posed by North Korea.
            (2) In response to North Korea's nuclear and missile 
        program and the March 2010 sinking of the ROKS Cheonan (a South 
        Korean Navy frigate) the Department of Defense established the 
        United States-Republic of Korea Extended Deterrence Policy 
        Committee (referred to in this section as the ``EDPC'') in 
        October 2010--
                    (A) to strengthen deterrence of North Korea; and
                    (B) to enhance assurance of the South Korean 
                public.
            (3) In 2012, the EDPC agreed to begin work on a Tailored 
        Deterrence Strategy which was endorsed at the 45th United 
        States-Republic of Korea Security Consultative Meeting on 
        October 2nd, 2013 and completed in 2014.
            (4) In 2015, the EDPC was merged with the Counter Missile 
        Capabilities Committee and renamed the Deterrence Strategy 
        Committee with the express purpose of strengthening extended 
        deterrence in response to advances in North Korea's nuclear and 
        missile programs.
            (5) North Korea conducted 2 nuclear weapons tests in 2016. 
        In response to urgent requests from the Government of South 
        Korea to further strengthen extended deterrence, the United 
        States and South Korea formed the Extended Deterrence Strategy 
        Consultation Group (referred to in this section as the 
        ``EDSCG'') with the Department of State and the Department of 
        Defense co-chairing the EDSCG in a ``2+2'' format.
            (6) The purposes of the EDSCG are--
                    (A) to elevate consultations to more senior levels;
                    (B) to develop concrete deterrence measures in 
                response to the evolving threat from North Korea; and
                    (C) to strengthen assurance of the South Korean 
                public.
            (7) The establishment of the Nuclear Consultative Group 
        (referred to in this section as the ``NCG'') between the United 
        States and the Republic of Korea during President Yoon Suk 
        Yeol's visit to the United States on April 26, 2023, reflected 
        a recognition--
                    (A) of the accelerating threat posed by the North 
                Korea's nuclear weapons and missile program; and
                    (B) that previous alliance attempts to strengthen 
                assurance of South Korea had proven unsuccessful.
            (8) It is clear that the EDPC and the EDSCG were 
        unsuccessful in assuring South Korea or strengthening 
        deterrence because they failed to identify concrete changes to 
        our defense posture in the Korean theater of operations and 
        United States officials were unwilling to adjust long-standing 
        policies with regard to extended deterrence.
            (9) For the NCG to be more effective than its predecessor 
        groups, the NCG must adopt a program of work embracing the 
        need--
                    (A) to adjust the United States defense posture in 
                the Korean theater of operations to include 
                consideration of deploying United States nuclear assets 
                and restoring United States nuclear infrastructure in 
                the region;
                    (B) to establish a crisis consultation mechanism to 
                be convened in response to North Korean nuclear threats 
                and consult on alliance deterrence related decision 
                making;
                    (C) to increase alliance nuclear planning 
                activities related to consequence management and the 
                conduct conventional operations in a weapons of mass 
                destruction environment; and
                    (D) to explore options to increase South Korean 
                contributions to operations related to nuclear burden 
                sharing.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the United States-Republic of Korea alliance is a 
        bilateral, integrated alliance that benefits both countries;
            (2) South Korea shares the burden of maintaining stability 
        on the Korean Peninsula and the larger region by maintaining a 
        large standing army of more than 3,000,000 personnel, with 
        500,000 on active duty, and spends 2.7 percent of its gross 
        domestic product on defense-related expenditures; and
            (3) the NCG can strengthen the alliance between the 
        Government of the United States and the Government of South 
        Korea by deepening the ability of such governments to plan, 
        consult, and conduct exercises on issues related to nuclear 
        deterrence.
    (c) Report on the Implementation of the Nuclear Consultative 
Group.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Secretary of 
        Defense shall jointly submit a report to the appropriate 
        congressional committees and the congressional defense 
        committees that includes a description of--
                    (A) the organization of the NCG, including co-
                chairs and interagency participants from the United 
                States;
                    (B) the scope of the operations, activities and 
                initiatives of the NCG and how such activities connect 
                to the Security Consultative Mechanism and the Military 
                Consultative Mechanism between South Korea and the 
                United States;
                    (C) the relationship of the NCG to existing 
                extended deterrence mechanisms of the South Korea and 
                the United States, including the DSC and the EDSCG;
                    (D) the frequency and circumstances under which the 
                NCG convenes; and
                    (E) how the NCG addresses strategic planning, 
                crisis consultation, and military exercises.
            (2) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall be 
        submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified 
        annex.
            (3) Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after date of the 
        enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter until 
        December 31, 2026, the Secretary and the Secretary of Defense 
        shall brief the appropriate congressional committees, the 
        Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, and the Committee on 
        Armed Services of the House of Representatives regarding the 
        outcomes of NCG meetings.

              Subtitle B--Indo-Pacific Allies and Partners

                             PART I--TAIWAN

SEC. 411. DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC TOOLS TO DETER AGGRESSION BY PEOPLE'S 
              REPUBLIC OF CHINA AGAINST TAIWAN.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the United 
States must be prepared to take immediate action to impose sanctions 
with respect to any military or non-military entities owned, 
controlled, or acting at the direction of the Government of the PRC or 
the Chinese Communist Party that are supporting actions by the 
Government of the PRC or the Chinese Communist Party to--
            (1) overthrow or dismantle the governing institutions in 
        Taiwan;
            (2) occupy any territory controlled or administered by 
        Taiwan;
            (3) violate the territorial integrity of Taiwan; or
            (4) take significant action against Taiwan, including--
                    (A) conducting a naval blockade of Taiwan;
                    (B) seizing any outlying island of Taiwan; or
                    (C) perpetrating a significant cyber attack on 
                Taiwan.
    (b) Defined Term.--In this section, the term ``appropriate 
congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
            (2) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of 
        the Senate;
            (3) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
        of the Senate;
            (4) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (5) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
        Representatives; and
            (6) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
        Representatives.
    (c) Task Force.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Office of Sanctions Coordination of the 
Department of State and the Office of Foreign Asset Control of the 
Department of the Treasury, in coordination with the Office of the 
Director of National Intelligence, shall establish an interagency task 
force (referred to in this section as the ``Task Force'') to identify 
military or non-military entities that could be subject to sanctions 
imposed by the United States immediately following any action or 
actions taken by the PRC that demonstrate an attempt to achieve or has 
the significant effect of achieving the physical or political control 
of Taiwan, including by taking any of the actions described in 
paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a).
    (d) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the establishment of 
the Task Force, the Task Force shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a strategy for identifying targets under this 
section, which shall include--
            (1) an assessment of how existing sanctions regimes could 
        be used to impose sanctions with respect to entities identified 
        pursuant to subsection (c);
            (2) a strategy for developing or proposing, as appropriate, 
        new sanctions authorities that might be required to impose 
        sanctions with respect to such entities;
            (3) an analysis of the potential economic consequences to 
        the United States, and to allies and partners of the United 
        States, of imposing various types of sanctions with respect to 
        those entities and assess measures that could be taken to 
        mitigate those consequences, including through the use of 
        licenses, exemptions, carve-outs, and other forms of relief;
            (4) a strategy for working with allies and partners of the 
        United States--
                    (A) to leverage sanctions and other economic tools 
                to deter or respond to aggression against Taiwan;
                    (B) to identify and resolve potential impediments 
                to coordinating sanctions-related efforts with respect 
                to responding to or deterring aggression against 
                Taiwan; and
                    (C) to identify industries, sectors, or goods and 
                services with respect to which the United States and 
                allies and partners of the United States can take 
                coordinated action through sanctions or other economic 
                tools that will have a significant negative impact on 
                the economy of the PRC;
            (5) an assessment of the resource gaps and needs at the 
        Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, and other 
        Federal agencies, as appropriate, to most effectively use 
        sanctions and other economic tools to respond to the threat 
        posed by the PRC;
            (6) recommendations on how best to target sanctions and 
        other economic tools against individuals, entities, and 
        economic sectors in the PRC, taking into account the role of 
        those targets in supporting policies and activities of the 
        Government of the PRC or the Chinese Communist Party that pose 
        a threat to the national security or foreign policy interests 
        of the United States, the negative economic implications of 
        those sanctions and tools for that government, including its 
        ability to achieve its objectives with respect to Taiwan, and 
        the potential impact of those sanctions and tools on the 
        stability of the global financial system, including with 
        respect to--
                    (A) state-owned enterprises;
                    (B) officials of the Government of the PRC;
                    (C) financial institutions associated with the 
                Government of the PRC; and
                    (D) companies in the PRC that are not formally 
                designated by the Government of the PRC as state-owned 
                enterprises; and
            (7) the identification of any foreign military or non-
        military entities that would likely be used to achieve the 
        outcomes specified in subsection (a)(1), including entities in 
        the shipping, logistics, energy (including oil and gas), 
        aviation, ground transportation, and technology sectors.
    (e) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the 
        submission of the strategy required under subsection (d), and 
        semiannually thereafter, the Task Force shall submit a report 
        to the appropriate congressional committees that includes 
        information regarding--
                    (A) any entities identified pursuant to subsection 
                (c) or (d)(7);
                    (B) any new authorities needed to impose sanctions 
                with respect to those entities;
                    (C) potential economic impacts on the PRC, the 
                United States, and allies and partners of the United 
                States of imposing sanctions with respect to those 
                entities, as well as mitigation measures that could be 
                employed to limit deleterious impacts on the United 
                States and allies and partners of the United States;
                    (D) the status of coordination with allies and 
                partners of the United States on sanctions and other 
                economic tools identified under this section;
                    (E) resource gaps and recommendations to enable the 
                Department of State and the Department of the Treasury 
                to use sanctions to more effectively respond to the 
                malign activities of the Government of the PRC; and
                    (F) any additional resources that may be necessary 
                to carry out the strategy.
            (2) Form.--Each report required under paragraph (1) shall 
        be submitted in classified/form.

SEC. 412. TREATMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF TAIWAN.

    (a) In General.--The Department of State and other United States 
Government agencies shall--
            (1) treat the democratically elected Government of Taiwan 
        as the legitimate representative of the people of Taiwan; and
            (2) end the outdated practice of referring to the 
        Government in Taiwan as the ``authorities''.
    (b) No Restrictions.--Notwithstanding the continued supporting role 
of the American Institute in, Taiwan in carrying out United States 
foreign policy and protecting United States interests in Taiwan, the 
United States Government shall not place any restrictions on the 
ability of officials of the Department of State and other United States 
Government agencies from interacting directly and routinely with 
counterparts in the Government of Taiwan, including restricting the 
travel of senior officials of Taiwan in the United States, including 
restricting the travel of senior officials of Taiwan in the United 
States.

SEC. 413. WAR RESERVE STOCK PROGRAM FOR TAIWAN.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding section 514 of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321h), the President may transfer to 
Taiwan any or all of the items described in subsection (b).
    (b) Items Described.--The items referred to in subsection (a) are 
armor, artillery, automatic weapons ammunition, missiles, and other 
munitions that are--
            (1) obsolete or surplus items;
            (2) in the inventory of the Department of Defense;
            (3) intended for use as reserve stocks for Taiwan; and
            (4) located in a stockpile in Taiwan.
    (c) Congressional Notification.--Not later than 30 days before 
making any transfer under this section, the President shall submit a 
notification identifying the items to be transferred and the 
concessions to be received to the appropriate congressional committees, 
the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, and the Committee on 
Armed Services of the House of Representatives.

SEC. 414. PROPER TREATMENT OF TAIWAN GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES.

    (a) Defined Term.--In this section, the term ``official purposes'' 
means--
            (1) the wearing of official uniforms;
            (2) conducting government-hosted ceremonies or functions; 
        and
            (3) appearances on Department of State social media 
        accounts promoting engagements with Taiwan.
    (b) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, none 
of the funds appropriated or otherwise made available for the 
Department of State for fiscal year 2025 may be used to prepare, 
propose, draft, review, or promulgate any regulation, guidance, or 
executive order, or to otherwise implement, administer, or enforce any 
policy that restricts the ability of members of the armed forces and 
government representatives from the Republic of China (Taiwan) or the 
Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) to display, 
for official purposes--
            (1) the flag of the Republic of China (Taiwan); or
            (2) the corresponding emblems or insignia of military 
        units.

SEC. 415. AMERICAN INSTITUTE IN TAIWAN.

    The position of Director of the American Institute in Taiwan's 
Taipei office--
            (1) shall be subject to the advice and consent of the 
        Senate; and
            (2) shall have the title of ``Representative''.

           PART II--SOUTH CHINA AND EAST CHINA SEA SANCTIONS

SEC. 421. SHORT TITLE.

    This part may be cited as the ``South China Sea and East China Sea 
Sanctions Act of 2024''.

SEC. 422. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CHINESE PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR 
              CHINA'S ACTIVITIES IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND THE EAST 
              CHINA SEA.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Account; correspondent account; payable-through 
        account.--The terms ``account'', ``correspondent account'', and 
        ``payable-through account'' have the meanings given such terms 
        in section 5318A of title 31, United States Code.
            (2) Alien.--The term ``alien'' has the meaning given such 
        term in section 101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act 
        (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)).
            (3) Chinese person.--The term ``Chinese person'' means--
                    (A) an individual who is a citizen or national of 
                the People's Republic of China; or
                    (B) an entity organized under the laws of the 
                People's Republic of China or otherwise subject to the 
                jurisdiction of the Government of the People's Republic 
                of China.
            (4) Financial institution.--The term ``financial 
        institution'' means a financial institution specified in 
        subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), 
        (K), (M), (N), (P), (R), (T), (Y), or (Z) of section 5312(a)(2) 
        of title 31, United States Code.
            (5) Foreign financial institution.--The term ``foreign 
        financial institution'' has the meaning given such term in 
        section 1010.605 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or 
        any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
            (6) Good.--The term ``good'' means any article, natural or 
        manmade substance, material, supply, or manufactured product, 
        including inspection and test equipment, and excluding 
        technical data.
            (7) Person.--The term ``person'' means any individual or 
        entity.
            (8) United states person.--The term ``United States 
        person'' means--
                    (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully 
                admitted for permanent residence to the United States;
                    (B) an entity organized under the laws of the 
                United States or of any jurisdiction within the United 
                States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; 
                or
                    (C) any person in the United States.
    (b) Initial Imposition of Sanctions.--On or after the date that is 
120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President may 
impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to any 
Chinese person, including any senior official of the Government of the 
People's Republic of China, that the President determines--
            (1) is responsible for or significantly contributes to 
        large-scale reclamation, construction, militarization, or 
        ongoing supply of outposts in disputed areas of the South China 
        Sea;
            (2) is responsible for or significantly contributes to, or 
        has engaged in, directly or indirectly, actions, including the 
        use of coercion, to inhibit another country from protecting its 
        sovereign rights to access offshore resources in the South 
        China Sea, including in such country's exclusive economic zone, 
        consistent with such country's rights and obligations under 
        international law;
            (3) is responsible for or complicit in, or has engaged in, 
        directly or indirectly, actions that significantly threaten the 
        peace, security, or stability of disputed areas of the South 
        China Sea or areas of the East China Sea administered by Japan 
        or the Republic of Korea, including through the use of vessels 
        and aircraft by the People's Republic of China to occupy or 
        conduct extensive research or drilling activity in those areas;
            (4) has materially assisted, sponsored, or provided 
        financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or 
        services to, or in support of, any person subject to sanctions 
        pursuant to paragraph (1), (2), or (3); or
            (5) is owned or controlled by, or has acted for or on 
        behalf of, directly or indirectly, any person subject to 
        sanctions pursuant to paragraph (1), (2), or (3).
    (c) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions that may be imposed with 
respect to a person described in subsection (b) are the following:
            (1) Blocking of property.--The President may, in accordance 
        with the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
        1701 et seq.), block and prohibit all transactions in all 
        property and interests in property of the person if such 
        property and interests in property are in the United States, 
        come within the United States, or are or come within the 
        possession or control of a United States person.
            (2) Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole.--
                    (A) Visas, admission, or parole.--In the case of an 
                alien, the alien may be--
                            (i) inadmissible to the United States;
                            (ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 
                        documentation to enter the United States; and
                            (iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 
                        or paroled into the United States or to receive 
                        any other benefit under the Immigration and 
                        Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
                    (B) Current visas revoked.--
                            (i) In general.--An alien described in 
                        subparagraph (A) may be subject to revocation 
                        of any visa or other entry documentation 
                        regardless of when the visa or other entry 
                        documentation is or was issued.
                            (ii) Immediate effect.--A revocation under 
                        clause (i) may--
                                    (I) take effect immediately; and
                                    (II) cancel any other valid visa or 
                                entry documentation that is in the 
                                alien's possession.
            (3) Exclusion of corporate officers.--The President may 
        direct the Secretary to deny a visa to, and the Secretary of 
        Homeland Security to exclude from the United States, any alien 
        that the President determines is a corporate officer or 
        principal of, or a shareholder with a controlling interest in, 
        the person.
            (4) Export sanction.--The President may order the United 
        States Government not to issue any specific license and not to 
        grant any other specific permission or authority to export any 
        goods or technology to the person under--
                    (A) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 
                U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); or
                    (B) any other statute that requires the prior 
                review and approval of the United States Government as 
                a condition for the export or reexport of goods or 
                services.
            (5) Inclusion on entity list.--The President may include 
        the entity on the entity list maintained by the Bureau of 
        Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce and set 
        forth in Supplement No. 4 to part 744 of the Export 
        Administration Regulations, for activities contrary to the 
        national security or foreign policy interests of the United 
        States.
            (6) Ban on investment in equity or debt of sanctioned 
        person.--The President may, pursuant to such regulations or 
        guidelines as the President may prescribe, prohibit any United 
        States person from investing in or purchasing equity or debt 
        instruments of the person.
            (7) Banking transactions.--The President may, pursuant to 
        such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any 
        transfers of credit or payments between financial institutions 
        or by, through, or to any financial institution, to the extent 
        that such transfers or payments are subject to the jurisdiction 
        of the United States and involve any interest of the person.
            (8) Correspondent and payable-through accounts.--In the 
        case of a foreign financial institution, the President may 
        prohibit the opening, and prohibit or impose strict conditions 
        on the maintaining, in the United States of a correspondent 
        account or a payable-through account by the foreign financial 
        institution.
    (d) Exceptions.--
            (1) Inapplicability of national emergency requirement.--The 
        requirements under section 202 of the International Emergency 
        Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701) shall not apply for 
        purposes of subsection (c)(1).
            (2) Exception for intelligence, law enforcement, and 
        national security activities.--Sanctions under this section 
        shall not apply to any authorized intelligence, law 
        enforcement, or national security activities of the United 
        States.
            (3) Compliance with united nations headquarters 
        agreement.--Paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (c) shall not 
        apply if admission of an alien to the United States is 
        necessary to permit the United States to comply with the 
        Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, 
        signed at Lake Success, June 26, 1947, and entered into force, 
        November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United 
        States.
            (4) Exception relating to importation of goods.--The 
        authority or a requirement to impose sanctions under this 
        section shall not include the authority or a requirement to 
        impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
    (e) Implementation; Penalties.--
            (1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all 
        authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the 
        International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 
        1704) to carry out this section.
            (2) Penalties.--The penalties provided for in subsections 
        (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency 
        Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to a person 
        that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or 
        causes a violation of regulations prescribed under subsection 
        (c)(1) to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person 
        that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of 
        such section 206.

SEC. 423. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING PORTRAYALS OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA 
              OR THE EAST CHINA SEA AS PART OF CHINA.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Government Publishing Office 
should not publish any map, document, record, electronic resource, or 
other paper of the United States (other than materials relating to 
hearings held by committees of Congress or internal work product of a 
Federal agency) portraying or otherwise indicating that it is the 
position of the United States that the territory or airspace in the 
South China Sea that is disputed among 2 or more parties or the 
territory or airspace of areas administered by Japan or the Republic of 
Korea, including in the East China Sea, is part of the territory or 
airspace of the People's Republic of China.

SEC. 424. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON 2016 PERMANENT COURT OF ARBITRATION'S 
              TRIBUNAL RULING ON ARBITRATION CASE BETWEEN THE 
              PHILIPPINES AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.

    (a) Finding.--Congress finds that on July 12, 2016, a tribunal of 
the Permanent Court of Arbitration found in the arbitration case 
between the Philippines and the PRC under the United Nations Convention 
on the Law of the Sea that the People's Republic of China's claims, 
including those to offshore resources and ``historic rights'', were 
unlawful, and that the tribunal's ruling is final and legally binding 
on both parties.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the United States and the international community 
        should reject the unlawful claims of the PRC within the 
        exclusive economic zone or on the continental shelf of the 
        Philippines, as well as the maritime claims of the PRC beyond a 
        12-nautical-mile territorial sea from the islands it claims in 
        the South China Sea;
            (2) the provocative behavior of the PRC, including coercing 
        other countries with claims in the South China Sea and 
        preventing those countries from accessing offshore resources, 
        undermines peace and stability in the South China Sea;
            (3) the international community should--
                    (A) support and adhere to the ruling described in 
                subsection (a) in compliance with international law; 
                and
                    (B) take all necessary steps to support the rules-
                based international order in the South China Sea; and
            (4) all claimants in the South China Sea should--
                    (A) refrain from engaging in destabilizing 
                activities, including illegal occupation or efforts to 
                unlawfully assert control over disputed claims;
                    (B) ensure that disputes are managed without 
                intimidation, coercion, or force;
                    (C) clarify or adjust claims in accordance with 
                international law; and
                    (D) uphold the principle that territorial and 
                maritime claims, including over territorial waters or 
                territorial seas, must be derived from land features 
                and otherwise comport with international law.

SEC. 425. REPORT ON COUNTRIES THAT RECOGNIZE CHINESE SOVEREIGNTY OVER 
              THE SOUTH CHINA SEA OR THE EAST CHINA SEA.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter until the date that is 3 
years after such date of enactment, the Secretary shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report identifying each country 
that the Secretary determines has taken an official and stated position 
to recognize, after such date of enactment, the sovereignty of the 
People's Republic of China over territory or airspace disputed by one 
or more countries in the South China Sea or the territory or airspace 
of areas of the East China Sea administered by Japan or the Republic of 
Korea.
    (b) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted 
in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex if the 
Secretary determines it is necessary for the national security 
interests of the United States to do so.
    (c) Public Availability.--The Secretary shall publish the 
unclassified part of the report required by subsection (a) on a 
publicly available website of the Department of State.

                       PART III--PACIFIC ISLANDS

SEC. 431. ESTABLISHING A SENIOR OFFICIAL FOR THE COMPACTS OF FREE 
              ASSOCIATION AT THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall designate a senior official at 
the Department of State, who shall--
            (1) negotiate and oversee the Department of State's role in 
        implementing and maintaining the Compacts of Free Association 
        (referred to in this section as the ``Compacts'') at the 
        Department of State and the conduct of United States foreign 
        policy with respect to countries affiliated with the United 
        States under such Compacts; and
            (2) report to the Assistant Secretary of State for Indo-
        Pacific Affairs.
    (b) Duties.--The senior official designated pursuant to subsection 
(a) shall--
            (1) be responsible for the conduct of United States foreign 
        policy with respect to--
                    (A) the Republic of Palau;
                    (B) the Marshall Islands; and
                    (C) the Federated States of Micronesia;
            (2) assist the Assistant Secretary of State for Indo-
        Pacific Affairs in providing overall direction, coordination, 
        and supervision of interdepartmental activities of the United 
        States Government in the countries listed under paragraph (1), 
        including ensuring the timely transfer of assistance and 
        provision of benefits through the Department of the Interior, 
        as laid out in the Compacts;
            (3) oversee and evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of 
        United States policy with respect to these countries as well as 
        the plans, programs, resources, and performance for 
        implementing that policy, including activities implemented by 
        the Department of the Interior;
            (4) directly supervise the policy and operations of the 
        Compacts and provide guidance to relevant United States 
        missions within the Indo-Pacific region;
            (5) direct and oversee the provision of an adequate, 
        regular flow of information to posts abroad about United States 
        Government policies, policy deliberations, and diplomatic 
        exchanges with regards to the Compacts and the freely 
        associated states, especially on matters that may result in 
        initiatives, policy actions, or other official representations 
        of Department policy abroad; and
            (6) ensure the continuity of responsibilities and benefits 
        as laid out in the Compacts, consistent with United States 
        national interests in the Indo-Pacific region.

SEC. 432. ENHANCEMENT OF DIPLOMATIC SUPPORT AND ECONOMIC ENGAGEMENT 
              WITH PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES.

    (a) Defined Term.--In this section, the term ``appropriate 
committees of Congress'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
            (2) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
        of the Senate;
            (3) the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
        Senate;
            (4) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
            (5) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (6) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (7) the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of 
        Representatives; and
            (8) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
        Representatives.
    (b) Hiring Authority.--The Secretary and the Secretary of Commerce 
may hire local staff in Pacific island countries for the purpose of 
providing increased diplomatic support and promoting increased economic 
and commercial engagement between the United States and Pacific island 
countries.
    (c) Availability of Funds.--
            (1) In general.--Of the amounts appropriated or otherwise 
        made available to the Department of State for fiscal year 2025, 
        not more than $10,000,000 may used to carry out the Department 
        of State's responsibilities under this section.
            (2) In general.--Of the amounts appropriated or otherwise 
        made available to the Department of Commerce for fiscal year 
        2025, not more than $10,000,000 may be used to carry out the 
        Department of Commerce's responsibilities under this section.
            (3) Termination.--The availability of funds under 
        paragraphs (1) and (2) shall expire on October 1, 2028.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the 
Secretary and the Secretary of Commerce shall submit a report to the 
appropriate committees of Congress that describes the activities of the 
Department of State and the Department of Commerce locally-employed 
staff in Pacific island countries, including--
            (1) a detailed description of the additional diplomatic, 
        economic, and commercial engagement and activities in the 
        Pacific island countries provided by locally-employed staff; 
        and
            (2) an assessment of the impact of the activities with 
        respect to the diplomatic, economic, and security interests of 
        the United States.
    (e) Exception for American Samoa.--The Secretary may treat the 
territory of American Samoa as a foreign country, as appropriate, while 
carrying out this section.

             PART IV--INDIAN OCEAN REGION STRATEGIC REVIEW

SEC. 441. SHORT TITLE.

    This part may be cited as the ``Indian Ocean Region Strategic 
Review Act of 2024''.

SEC. 442. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) The United States--
                    (A) has vitally important political, economic, and 
                security interests in the Indian Ocean region; and
                    (B) is uniquely positioned to capitalize on 
                opportunities that will advance such interests.
            (2) The United States needs to engage and cooperate with 
        partners in the Indo-Pacific region, including India, Japan, 
        Australia, and island countries located within such region--
                    (A) to bolster regional governance;
                    (B) to increase sustainable economic development; 
                and
                    (C) to strengthen cooperation on security 
                challenges such as threats to freedom of navigation and 
                environmental disasters.
            (3) It is within the United States interests to better 
        understand the political, security, economic, and environmental 
        issues faced by the governments of Indian Ocean region 
        countries.

SEC. 443. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    It is the policy of the United States, with respect to the Indian 
Ocean region, as part of the United States broader strategy for 
engagement in the Indo-Pacific to strengthen engagement with Indian 
Ocean region countries (including the governments, civil society, 
academia, and private sectors of such countries) and to enhance 
meaningful diplomatic, security, and economic relations with allies and 
partners of the United States in the Indian Ocean region by--
            (1) promoting cohesive political ties between the United 
        States and Indian Ocean region countries through active 
        participation in regional organizations and strengthening 
        bilateral diplomatic relations with such allies and partners;
            (2) continuing to strengthen bilateral security 
        relationships between the United States and partners within the 
        Indian Ocean region and build the bilateral security 
        relationship between the United States and India, for the 
        purpose of regularizing security cooperation by building upon 
        foundational agreements concerning intelligence sharing, 
        military communication, and naval cooperation;
            (3) engaging with India to better understand and 
        operationalize economic and political opportunities across the 
        Indian Ocean region;
            (4) enhancing economic connectivity and commercial exchange 
        between the United States and Indian Ocean region countries;
            (5) maintaining the freedom of navigation of international 
        waters within the Indian Ocean region in accordance with 
        international law;
            (6) cooperating with the Governments of Indian Ocean region 
        countries regarding security challenges, including issues 
        relating to piracy and illegal fishing;
            (7) supporting the ability of such governments, and of 
        nongovernmental organizations within the Indian Ocean region, 
        to respond to environmental disasters and work to mitigate 
        potential future disasters with resilient infrastructure;
            (8) facilitating cooperation between the United States and 
        allies and partners of the United States in the Indian Ocean 
        region to build capacity in maritime security and maritime 
        domain awareness;
            (9) promoting cooperation with United States allies in the 
        Indo-Pacific region (including Japan and Australia), major 
        defense partners (including India), and NATO allies (including 
        the United Kingdom and France), to support a rules-based order 
        in the Indo-Pacific region; and
            (10) understanding resources and costs required for the 
        United States to effectively engage diplomatically and 
        economically in the Indian Ocean region.

SEC. 444. DEFINITIONS.

    In this part:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives; and
                    (D) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
                Representatives.
            (2) Indian ocean region.--The term ``Indian Ocean region'' 
        means--
                    (A) the Indian Ocean, including the Arabian Sea and 
                the Bay of Bengal; and
                    (B) the littoral areas surrounding the Indian 
                Ocean, including the east coast of Africa.
            (3) Indian ocean region country.--The term ``Indian Ocean 
        region country'' means any country located within or 
        surrounding the Indian Ocean region.

SEC. 445. STRATEGY AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN RELATING TO THE INDIAN OCEAN 
              REGION.

    (a) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in coordination with the 
Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development, shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a multi-year strategy and implementation plan 
for United States engagements and posture to support the interests of 
the United States in the Indian Ocean region.
    (b) Matters.--The strategy submitted pursuant to subsection (a) 
shall include--
            (1) the identification of the political, economic, and 
        security goals and opportunities of the United States in the 
        Indian Ocean region;
            (2) an explanation of the political, economic, and security 
        goals of Indian Ocean region countries and a detailed 
        description of areas with respect to which such interests align 
        with the goals of the United States;
            (3) a list detailing the economic and political efforts of 
        the PRC with respect to the Indian Ocean region, particularly 
        with respect to the engagement by the PRC with each country 
        located within the Indian Ocean region;
            (4) a description and analysis of challenges, including 
        countries and specific projects, to the engagement with Indian 
        Ocean region countries as a result of--
                    (A) disparate policy goals across the departments 
                and agencies of the United States Government; and
                    (B) disparate definitions of the term ``Indian 
                Ocean region'' across the Department of State, the 
                Department of Defense, and the United States Agency for 
                International Development;
            (5) a list detailing efforts to improve cooperation between 
        the United States and Australia, India, and Japan (referred to 
        in this section as the ``Quadrilateral Dialogue'' or the 
        ``Quad'') through coordination between members of the Quad with 
        respect to diplomacy and development priorities, joint military 
        exercises and operations, and other activities that promote and 
        balance the political, economic, and security interests of the 
        United States with respect to Indian Ocean region countries;
            (6) an overview of efforts to support the economic 
        connectivity and development of island countries located within 
        the Indian Ocean region, including through--
                    (A) the United States-India-Japan Trilateral 
                Infrastructure Working Group;
                    (B) the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor; and
                    (C) other efforts to expand and enhance 
                connectivity across the Indo-Pacific region (including 
                with the countries of Southeast Asia) that maintain 
                high standards of investment and support for civil 
                society and people-to-people connectivity;
            (7) a description of how the United States may engage with 
        regional intergovernmental organizations and multilateral 
        organizations, including the Indian Ocean Rim Association and 
        the United Nations, to promote the political, economic, and 
        security goals of the United States in the Indian Ocean region;
            (8) a description of how the United States may facilitate 
        cooperation between Indian Ocean region countries (including 
        the governments, civil society, academia, and private sectors 
        of such countries) and Taiwan through Taiwan's New Southbound 
        Policy;
            (9) a review of the diplomatic posture of the United States 
        in the Indian Ocean region, including--
                    (A) an assessment of United States diplomatic 
                engagement with Indian Ocean region countries without a 
                permanent United States embassy or diplomatic mission;
                    (B) an assessment of means by which to improve 
                cooperation by the United States with the Maldives, the 
                Seychelles, and Comoros;
                    (C) an assessment of the sufficiency of United 
                States diplomatic personnel and facilities available in 
                the Indian Ocean region to achieve the policy described 
                in section 444;
                    (D) a description of any resources required to fill 
                identified gaps with respect to such diplomatic 
                posture; and
                    (E) a description of the bilateral and multilateral 
                diplomatic goals of the Department of State that the 
                Secretary of State deems necessary to achieve the 
                policy described in section 444;
            (10) a review of the agreements entered into between the 
        United States and Indian Ocean region countries for the purpose 
        of facilitating the military operations of the United States 
        pursuant to bilateral and multilateral agreements;
            (11) a description of any efforts to expand the naval and 
        coast guard cooperation between the United States and India and 
        other Indian Ocean region countries through the negotiation of 
        additional agreements;
            (12) a strategy for strengthening security cooperation 
        between the United States and partners within the Indian Ocean 
        region, including through the provision of security assistance, 
        which should include--
                    (A) a summary of the security priorities, 
                objectives, and actions of the prospective recipient 
                country;
                    (B) a description of the means by which the United 
                States may support such security priorities, 
                objectives, and actions while promoting the political, 
                economic, and security goals of the United States in 
                the Indian Ocean region; and
                    (C) an assessment of the capabilities, training, 
                and funding needed for Indian Ocean region countries to 
                push back against shared challenges in the region; and
            (13) a plan to expand the diplomatic and development 
        presence of the United States with respect to the governments 
        of island countries located within the Indian Ocean region, 
        including a description of any resources or policy tools 
        required to expand the ability of the United States to support 
        high-quality infrastructure resiliency projects in such 
        countries.
    (c) Inclusion.--The strategy submitted pursuant to subsection (a) 
may be submitted to the appropriate congressional committees as a part 
of any other strategy relating to the Indo-Pacific region.
    (d) Reports on Implementation.--Not later than 1 year after the 
date on which the Secretary submits the strategy required under 
subsection (a), and 1 year later, the Secretary shall submit a report 
to the appropriate congressional committees that describes the progress 
made toward implementing such strategy.

SEC. 446. MODIFICATION TO UNITED STATES-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY 
              REVIEW COMMISSION.

    (a) Modification.--Section 1238(c)(2)(E) of the Floyd D. Spence 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (22 U.S.C. 
7002(c)(2)(E)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(including in the Indian Ocean region)'' 
        after ``deployments of the People's Republic of China 
        military''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following: ``In this 
        subparagraph, the term `Indian Ocean region' means the Indian 
        Ocean (including the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal) and the 
        littoral areas surrounding the Indian Ocean (including the East 
        Coast of Africa).''.
    (b) Applicability.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall 
apply with respect to each report submitted pursuant to section 1238(c) 
of the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2001 (22 U.S.C. 7002(c)) on or after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

   Subtitle C--Countering Espionage and Surveillance Entities in Cuba

SEC. 451. SHORT TITLES.

    This subtitle may be cited as the ``Countering Espionage and 
Surveillance Entities in Cuba Act'' or the ``CEASE Act''.

SEC. 452. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO MILITARY AND 
              INTELLIGENCE FACILITIES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 
              IN CUBA.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Alien.--The term ``alien'' has the meaning given such 
        term in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
        U.S.C. 1101).
            (2) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
                Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives; and
                    (D) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 
                of the House of Representatives.
            (3) Foreign person.--The term ``foreign person'' means a 
        person that is not a United States person.
            (4) Good.--The term ``good'' means any article, natural or 
        manmade substance, material, supply, or manufactured product, 
        including inspection and test equipment, and excluding 
        technical data.
            (5) Person.--The term ``person'' means an individual or 
        entity.
            (6) United states person.--The term ``United States 
        person'' means--
                    (A) an individual who is a United States citizen or 
                an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to 
                the United States;
                    (B) an entity organized under the laws of the 
                United States or any jurisdiction within the United 
                States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; 
                or
                    (C) any person in the United States.
    (b) In General.--The President shall impose the sanctions described 
in subsection (c) with respect to any foreign person that the President 
determines engages in or has engaged in a significant transaction or 
transactions, or any significant dealings with, or has provided 
significant material support to or for a military or intelligence 
facility of the PRC in Cuba.
    (c) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions described in this 
subsection with respect to a foreign person are the following:
            (1) Asset blocking.--The exercise of all powers granted to 
        the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers 
        Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block 
        and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in 
        property of the foreign person if such property and interests 
        in property are in the United States, come within the United 
        States, or are or come within the possession or control of a 
        United States person.
            (2) Exclusion from the united states and revocation of visa 
        or other documentation.--In the case of a foreign person who is 
        an alien, denial of a visa to, and exclusion from the United 
        States of, the alien, and revocation in accordance with section 
        221(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
        1201(i)), of any visa or other documentation of the alien.
    (d) Implementation; Penalties.--
            (1) Implementation.--The President shall exercise all 
        authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the 
        International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 
        1704) to carry out this section.
            (2) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to 
        violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of 
        subsection (c)(1) or any regulation, license, or order issued 
        to carry out that subsection shall be subject to the penalties 
        set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the 
        International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to 
        the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act 
        described in subsection (a) of such section.
    (e) Exceptions.--
            (1) Importation of goods.--The authorities and requirements 
        to impose sanctions under this section shall not include the 
        authority or a requirement to impose sanctions on the 
        importation of goods.
            (2) Compliance with united nations headquarters 
        agreement.--Sanctions described in subsection (c)(2) shall not 
        apply to an alien if admitting the alien into the United States 
        is necessary to permit the United States to comply with the 
        Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, 
        signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force 
        November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United 
        States, or other applicable international obligations.
    (f) National Security Waiver.--The President may waive the 
imposition of sanctions under this section with respect to a foreign 
person, on a case-by-case basis for renewable periods of 180 days, if 
the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees a 
determination that such waiver is in the vital national security 
interests of the United States.
    (g) Termination of Sanctions.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
of law, this section shall terminate on the date that is 30 days after 
the date on which the President determines and certifies to the 
appropriate congressional committees (and Congress has not enacted 
legislation disapproving the determination within that 30-day period) 
that all military or intelligence facilities of the PRC in Cuba have 
been closed.

SEC. 453. CODIFICATION OF CUBA RESTRICTED LIST.

    The President may not remove any entity or subentity from the List 
of Restricted Entities and Subentities Associated with Cuba of the 
Department of State (commonly known as the ``Cuba Restricted List'') if 
that entity or subentity was on such list as of July 1, 2024.

                 Subtitle D--Countering China Globally

SEC. 461. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING CHINA'S SUPPORT FOR RUSSIA IN 
              UKRAINE.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the PRC and the Russian Federation are strengthening 
        their relationship to advance their mutual fundamental 
        interests in countering and weakening the United States and the 
        transatlantic alliance as well as creating divisions between 
        the United States and its allies and partners;
            (2) the PRC is supporting Russia's unprovoked, full-scale, 
        and brutal invasion of Ukraine, including through--
                    (A) increasing trade with Russia by 30 percent in 
                2022, and by another 26.3 percent in 2023;
                    (B) purchasing massive amounts of Russian crude 
                oil, coal, and natural gas under embargo by the 
                transatlantic alliance;
                    (C) selling high-precision machinery, electronics, 
                microelectronics, components of weapons and weapons 
                systems, base metals, textiles and apparel, vehicles, 
                ships, and aircraft to Russia;
                    (D) abetting sanctions evasion in countries 
                bordering Russia; and
                    (E) amplifying Russian propaganda and false 
                information;
            (3) the PRC has explored providing weapons and ammunition 
        to the Russian Federation in order to support that country's 
        unlawful, imperialist war of aggression against Ukraine;
            (4) the Government of the PRC is not taking sufficient 
        action to prevent PRC-based companies from exporting lethal 
        equipment to the Russian Federation, as revealed by the 
        credible evidence that PRC companies and entities have--
                    (A) shipped unmanned aerial vehicles to Russia that 
                were designated on customs forms as being ``for use in 
                the special military operation'';
                    (B) supplied Iran with drone parts that were later 
                used by Russian forces in Ukraine;
                    (C) sent ``Tiger'' armored personnel carriers to 
                Chechen forces, raising the possibility that these 
                vehicles being could be deployed to Ukraine;
                    (D) shipped tens of thousands of kilograms of 
                smokeless gunpowder to a munitions factory in Russia;
                    (E) provided Russia with optical parts used in 
                tanks and armored vehicles;
                    (F) permitted Russian purchases of nitrocellulose; 
                and
                    (G) allowed the shipment of engines for both 
                missiles and drones to Russia;
            (5) because of this ongoing support for Russia's war 
        against Ukraine, the United States has sanctioned dozens of PRC 
        and Hong Kong-based entities;
            (6) the PRC's support for Russia's war against Ukraine 
        threatens European stability and security, including that of 
        those countries that the United States is committed to defend 
        under the terms of the North Atlantic Treaty;
            (7) the United States, the European Union, and European 
        countries must continue and increase implementation of 
        sanctions and other appropriate punitive economic tools against 
        PRC firms supporting the Russian Federation's war against 
        Ukraine, including those supporting Russian paramilitary 
        organizations;
            (8) the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (referred to 
        in this section as ``NATO'') 2022 Strategic Concept correctly 
        recognizes the need to prepare for and respond to the threats 
        posed by the PRC to Euro-Atlantic security, including threats 
        derived from its relationship with the Russian Federation and 
        its efforts to divide United States and European allies;
            (9) NATO members must work to implement and build on steps 
        identified in NATO's Strategic Concept, including--
                    (A) building greater NATO expertise on the PRC and 
                its military and intelligence apparatuses;
                    (B) using NATO summits as an opportunity to check 
                progress and update priorities;
                    (C) making any needed adjustments to NATO's 
                operational plans to account for the ownership or 
                involvement of PRC state-owned enterprises and other 
                entities in space, key seaports, communications nodes, 
                and airports; and
                    (D) instituting standards for NATO member nations' 
                sales to the PRC or purchases of PRC-owned, security-
                related infrastructure, companies, and capabilities;
            (10) the PRC has been clear about its desire to be included 
        in diplomatic discussions about ending Russia's war in Ukraine, 
        including through the February 2023 publication of a 12-point 
        position paper on the ``political settlement of the Ukraine 
        crisis'' and the appointment of a Special Envoy for Eurasian 
        Affairs;
            (11) the PRC has done nothing to deliver tangible outcomes 
        on the elements of its position paper beyond symbolic actions, 
        including a statement warning against nuclear saber rattling 
        and a single phone call with Ukraine's president;
            (12) although the PRC's position paper calls for the full 
        implementation of the July 2022 United Nations-brokered Black 
        Sea Grain Initiative as a means to maintain global food 
        security, and despite Xi Jinping's emphasis on food security 
        for his own country, Beijing did nothing to pressure the 
        Russian Federation to return to the deal, which it abrogated in 
        July 2023;
            (13) in February 2023, President Joseph R. Biden rightly 
        dismissed the PRC's ``peace plan'' (referring to the 12-point 
        position paper), stating that it would not help ``anyone other 
        than Russia'';
            (14) the Biden Administration's statements to PRC officials 
        and public pronouncements since May 2023 that the United States 
        is open to a ``constructive role'' for the PRC in Ukraine, even 
        describing it as potentially ``beneficial,'' are deeply 
        misguided and concerning;
            (15) given the PRC's full support for Russia, Xi Jinping 
        and the Government of the PRC should not be viewed as impartial 
        brokers that will bring this war to an end on terms that will 
        be positive for Ukraine, its independence, and the security of 
        Europe;
            (16) although Russia and the PRC have disagreements, both 
        countries--
                    (A) have independently concluded that their 
                partnership is critical to their shared objective of 
                countering the United States power; and
                    (B) will not be swayed from this belief by 
                strategies to drive a wedge between the 2 countries;
            (17) openness to PRC diplomatic involvement in Ukraine 
        would set a precedent for allowing further PRC involvement in 
        European security issues, while also allowing Xi Jinping to 
        present himself as a responsible party to the international 
        community;
            (18) the PRC's role in a diplomatic peace settlement in 
        Ukraine would clear the way for that country's substantial 
        involvement in Ukraine's reconstruction, allowing the PRC to 
        benefit economically after it supported the aggressor and 
        undermining broader United States efforts to counter PRC malign 
        influence in Europe;
            (19) as earlier PRC investments in Ukraine targeted 
        strategic sectors, any post-war PRC investments in Ukraine 
        would give the PRC access to valuable military technology and 
        know-how, as Ukraine inherited roughly one third of the Soviet 
        Union's defense-industrial base and 15 percent of Soviet 
        military research and development facilities, and during its 
        war against Russia, has made great strides in the development 
        of certain defense items;
            (20) given China's documented track record on corruption, a 
        role for the PRC in Ukraine's reconstruction would undercut 
        extensive ongoing United States and European efforts to align 
        Ukrainian governance and anti-corruption standards with those 
        of Western institutions, as well as the European Union's 
        progress in helping Ukraine adhere to the standards required 
        for its prospective entry into the European Union;
            (21) it is of vital importance that the United States and 
        Europe remain united in confronting the security and economic 
        risks posed by a significant PRC role in diplomatic efforts to 
        end Russia's war in Ukraine, executing policies that account 
        for greater Sino-Russian alignment, and working together 
        closely on planning ahead for reconstruction to ensure that the 
        PRC does not become Ukraine's only option;
            (22) the United States, in collaboration with its partners, 
        should support European countries targeted by Chinese economic 
        coercion and other attempts to exert undue influence , either 
        with respect to Ukraine or other issues; and
            (23) United States allies and partners in the Indo-Pacific, 
        including Australia, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea--
                    (A) view the success of Ukraine's struggle against 
                Russian aggression as a key factor for deterring 
                Chinese aggression in the Indo-Pacific; and
                    (B) have demonstrated this conviction by providing 
                humanitarian and military assistance to Ukraine and 
                building ties with allies in Europe through defense 
                industry relationships.

SEC. 462. ENHANCING UNITED STATES-AFRICA TRADE AND INVESTMENT FOR 
              PROSPERITY.

    (a) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States to 
increase United States investment in Africa, and to promote and 
facilitate trade between the United States and Africa, focused on key 
countries and sectors, that supports mutual economic growth and 
development outcomes, long-term development of markets, and the 
strategic interests of the United States.
    (b) In General.--
            (1) Establishment.--The President shall establish an office 
        within a bureau of the United States Agency for International 
        Development (referred to in this section as ``USAID'') to 
        coordinate the activities of the United States Government 
        related to increasing trade and investment between the United 
        States and Africa, which--
                    (A) should include representation from relevant 
                agencies designated by the President;
                    (B) identifies priority countries and sectors for 
                United States foreign investment in countries in Africa 
                and sectors and countries that support United States 
                economic growth and promotes trade based on the 
                analysis required in subsection (c);
                    (C) coordinates activities and implementing 
                mechanisms, including at United States embassies in 
                Africa, to carry out the policy set forth in subsection 
                (a), including by--
                            (i) providing program support and guidance 
                        to implement the policy described in subsection 
                        (a);
                            (ii) providing information and analysis to 
                        United States companies and investors in 
                        countries and sectors identified pursuant to 
                        subparagraph (B);
                            (iii) serving, as needed, as an information 
                        clearinghouse for the United States Government 
                        for businesses, investors, and civic 
                        organizations, and others in the United States 
                        seeking information related to investing in 
                        Africa; and
                            (iv) connecting such entities with teams at 
                        United States embassies overseas; and
                    (D) identifies barriers to trade and investment in 
                priority countries and sectors and identifies concrete 
                actions that will be taken to address them, including 
                strengthening programs and activities aimed at 
                improving the enabling environment in those countries.
            (2) Organization.--
                    (A) In general.--The office established pursuant to 
                paragraph (1) shall be led by an Executive Director who 
                shall be designated by the USAID Administrator, and who 
                shall--
                            (i) lead the interagency efforts described 
                        in subsection (a);
                            (ii) identify, not later than 90 days of 
                        the release of the analysis required in 
                        subsection (c), a list of priority countries 
                        for the purposes of carrying out this Act;
                            (iii) plan, coordinate, and oversee the 
                        policies, activities, and programs of United 
                        States Government Agencies, in the United 
                        States and in overseas missions, involved in 
                        promoting or facilitating trade, and investment 
                        activities between the United States and 
                        Africa, and development and coordination of 
                        relevant activities meant to improve the 
                        enabling environment;
                            (iv) identify and provide information about 
                        investment opportunities, market information, 
                        and United States Government programs to 
                        support trade and investment activities in 
                        priority countries and sectors identified in 
                        paragraph (1)(A); and
                            (v) convene, not less frequently than 
                        quarterly, a committee consisting of the 
                        directors from each agency designated under 
                        subparagraph (B) to provide strategic guidance 
                        and coordination for the policy, programs, and 
                        activities of Prosper Africa.
                    (B) Designation of participating departments.--The 
                President shall designate Federal departments and 
                agencies to participate in support of the policy set 
                forth in subsection (a) and direct the head of each of 
                designated agency--
                            (i) to designate an employee to serve as a 
                        focal point for each agencies' respective 
                        activities related to subsection (a), who shall 
                        coordinate the relevant activities of their 
                        respective agency and liaise with the Executive 
                        Director designated pursuant to subparagraph 
                        (A); and
                            (ii) to designate an employee to serve at 
                        United States embassies in priority countries 
                        identified in paragraph (1)(A).
            (3) Staffing.--In order to carry out subsection (a)--
                    (A) the Executive Director shall have the 
                authority, as appropriate, to hire employees and 
                contractors in a manner that is consistent with 
                existing hiring authorities of USAID to support the 
                execution of efforts in paragraph (2), and shall be 
                supported, as appropriate, by staff detailed from any 
                Federal agency designated pursuant to paragraph (2)(B); 
                and
                    (B) the Chief of Mission in priority countries--
                            (i) shall take an active and direct 
                        leadership role in promoting, supporting, and 
                        facilitating activities pursuant to subsection 
                        (a);
                            (ii) shall designate a Foreign Service 
                        Officer, a Foreign Commercial Service Officer, 
                        or other direct hire person under Chief of 
                        Mission Authority to lead an interagency team 
                        to support activities pursuant to subsection 
                        (a) who shall--
                                    (I) conduct assessments of market 
                                conditions and business operating 
                                environments;
                                    (II) identify investment 
                                opportunities;
                                    (III) foster relationships and 
                                communications between United States 
                                investors and businesses and African 
                                businesses and individuals within their 
                                country of responsibility; and
                                    (IV) carry out other duties as 
                                necessary; and
                            (iii) is authorized to hire locally 
                        employed staff with relevant experience to 
                        support the activities of the team established 
                        pursuant to clause (ii).
    (c) Market and Sector Analysis.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, and every 4 years thereafter until 
        2031, the Executive Director of Prosper Africa shall commission 
        and publish a study of the investment environment in Africa 
        that incorporates--
                    (A) an analysis of which markets are the most 
                promising for private investment;
                    (B) an analysis of African markets that identifies 
                which industries and sectors United States firms have 
                an advantage in comparison to other sources of foreign 
                direct investment; and
                    (C) an analysis of perceived and actual barriers to 
                United States private investment, including--
                            (i) significant legal and regulatory 
                        constraints to foreign investment and business 
                        operating environments;
                            (ii) reputational risks;
                            (iii) investor information gaps; and
                            (iv) access to and affordability of 
                        capital, labor markets, currency volatility, 
                        and infrastructure.
            (2) Agreement.--To produce the study required under 
        paragraph (1), the Executive Director may enter into an 
        agreement with a qualified United States private sector 
        consultant or subject matter expert who shall conduct the 
        study.
            (3) Distribution.--The Administrator of the United States 
        Agency for International Development shall submit each study 
        required under paragraph (1) to the appropriate congressional 
        committees and shall make each such study publicly available.
            (4) Priority countries.--The Executive Director shall 
        identify the priority countries of the Prosper Africa program, 
        pursuant to subsection (b)(2)(A)(2), based on the findings of 
        the study required under paragraph (1).
    (d) Small and Medium Enterprises.--To the extent practicable, 
Prosper Africa shall promote and facilitate investments in small and 
medium enterprises, including by establishing and supporting 
relationships between United States Government institutions, 
philanthropic institutions, and private lenders to mobilize blended 
finance for small and medium enterprises in Africa.
    (e) Support for Diaspora Investment.--
            (1) In general.--Prosper Africa shall seek to support and 
        facilitate investments in Africa by United States citizens and 
        residents who identify as members of the African Diaspora.
            (2) President's advisory council on african diaspora 
        engagement in the united states.--The Prosper Africa 
        Coordinator shall consult with the President's Advisory Council 
        on African Diaspora Engagement in the United States (referred 
        to in this subsection as ``the Council''), established by 
        Executive Order 14089, on issues relating to increasing, 
        developing, and sustaining investments in Africa by United 
        States members of the African diaspora.
                    (A) Membership.--The Executive Director shall 
                recommend to the President for appointment to the 
                Council not fewer than 3 individuals who have 
                significant relevant experience in the fields of trade, 
                private investment, economics, or international 
                development, or other relevant fields.
                    (B) Annual report.--The Council shall publish an 
                annual report on investment in Africa by United States 
                members of the African diaspora and barriers to 
                increased investment by the diaspora.
            (3) Diaspora business forums.--The Prosper Africa 
        Coordinator shall organize public meetings throughout the 
        United States with members of the African Diaspora community 
        that--
                    (A) provide a forum for communication, education, 
                and information about investment opportunities; and
                    (B) may be coordinated with local civic, community, 
                and business organizations, as appropriate.
    (f) Business Enabling Environment.--The Prosper Africa Coordinator, 
in coordination with the respective Chiefs of Mission at designated 
United States Embassies, shall seek to strengthen the business enabling 
environment in Africa by--
            (1) identifying barriers to United States investment on a 
        country-by-country basis;
            (2) identifying existing development and technical 
        assistance programs that can serve to eliminate the barriers in 
        paragraph (1);
            (3) ensuring country development cooperation strategies and 
        regional development cooperation strategies incorporate program 
        and activities, focused on addressing specific barriers to 
        private sector investment as identified in paragraph (1); and
            (4) providing policy advice and technical assistance to 
        select African countries to develop and improve regulatory and 
        legal structures, taxation and customs regimes, policy 
        frameworks, and other relevant structures and practices to 
        improve the operating environments for businesses and eliminate 
        other barriers to competition.
    (g) Evaluation.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a report containing 
recommendations for improving effectiveness of United States Government 
actions to carry out subsection (a), including by evaluating the 
effectiveness of the organizational structure and staffing of this 
section the effectiveness of the steps undertaken to carry out 
subsection (d) and the applicability of metrics used to produce this 
report.

SEC. 463. REPORT ON HORN OF AFRICA.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) it is in the interest of the United States to engage in 
        diplomatic efforts in the Red Sea region that counter PRC 
        influence through increased United States engagement that--
                    (A) promotes the strengthening of free, open, 
                transparent, democratic partners;
                    (B) encourages international dialogue on shared 
                transnational security issues;
                    (C) assesses the root causes of forced migration 
                and cooperatively responds to vulnerable refugees;
                    (D) maintains secure and free navigation of 
                international waters to encourage international 
                economic integration and mitigate threats;
                    (E) prevents and counters violent extremism, as 
                well as the illicit activities that enable terrorist 
                activities; and
                    (F) monitors and combats illegal, unreported, and 
                unregulated fishing;
            (2) increased United States engagement in the Horn of 
        Africa and Red Sea region has presented an opportunity to build 
        and strengthen security cooperation with key partners in that 
        region;
            (3) the Red Sea region includes a strategic maritime choke 
        point, the Bab-al-Mandeb Strait, which--
                    (A) connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden; and
                    (B) is essential to support United States national 
                security interests, including countering the flows of 
                Iranian lethal aid to Yemen and facilitating the free 
                flow of commerce;
            (4) increased United States engagement with Somaliland, 
        which occupies a strategic geographic location in the Horn of 
        Africa and is adjacent to strategic maritime routs in the Red 
        Sea and Gulf of Aden could--
                    (A) contribute to the achievement of United States 
                national security interests given the evolving security 
                situating in the region; and
                    (B could provide flexibility with regards to the 
                delivery of humanitarian assistance in the Horn of 
                Africa region and beyond; and
            (5) security cooperation in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden 
        region is critical--
                    (A) to maintaining a de facto ceasefire in Yemen; 
                and
                    (B) to further a political resolution to the Yemeni 
                conflict.
    (b) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States--
            (1) to establish and maintain an approach towards the Red 
        Sea region that promotes United States economic, political, and 
        security interests in the region;
            (2) to facilitate and support sustained regional dialogue 
        between the United States and countries in the Red Sea region 
        and other non-littoral states that have interests in the Red 
        Sea region by creating lasting mechanisms for cooperative, 
        multinational efforts to advance democracy, human rights, good 
        governance, combat illegal, unregulated, and unreported 
        fishing; counter-terrorism, counter-smuggling, conflict 
        prevention, resolution, and adaptation in and surrounding the 
        Red Sea region;
            (3) to preserve and enhance a free, stable, prosperous Red 
        Sea region by supporting and defending principles that 
        contribute to such conditions, including by supporting--
                    (A) the sovereignty and self-determination of 
                countries in the Red Sea region;
                    (B) sustainable economic development;
                    (C) increased democratization and respect for 
                internationally recognized human rights;
                    (D) transparent and accountable governance;
                    (E) prudent management of natural resources and 
                enhanced food security;
                    (F) protection of migrants and refugees; and
                    (G) women and girls with attention to gender-based 
                violence in the region;
            (4) to secure the safe transit of vessels through the Red 
        Sea waterways and mitigate threats to maritime security posed 
        by malign actors, including the Houthis in Yemen, by--
                    (A) helping build the capacity of partner countries 
                and sharing information with regional partners, where 
                appropriate;
                    (B) securing coastal infrastructure critical to the 
                interests of the United States, including United States 
                military bases, ports, undersea communication cables, 
                oil pipelines, and depots;
                    (C) supporting, where appropriate, law enforcement 
                and defense capabilities of Red Sea region partners;
                    (D) enabling partner nations' defensive 
                capabilities and encouraging counter-smuggling 
                operations; and
                    (E) reducing human, narcotics, and arms 
                trafficking, piracy, and illegal, unregulated, and 
                unreported fishing;
            (5) to bolster preventative diplomacy to prevent conflicts 
        and to support the peaceful resolution of conflict within and 
        among countries;
            (6) to analyze and address natural and man-made 
        environmental threats in cooperation with our partners in the 
        region, including risk of oil spills, locusts, threats to 
        regional water supplies, and developmental activities;
            (7) to encourage principled, transparent foreign investment 
        and trade, with a particular emphasis on the Horn of Africa, 
        including by United States and Western corporations;
            (8) to ensure foreign investments and presence, including 
        economic, military, or otherwise, do not result in the 
        destabilization of any countries;
            (9) to help countries address opaque investments and undue 
        influence by malign actors and promote and assist with the 
        development of strategies to ensure transparency and fair 
        treatment by foreign actors;
            (10) to help countries respond to violent extremist groups 
        that threaten stability and disrupt their funding and weapons 
        supplies;
            (11) to increase United States diplomatic presence and 
        influence;
            (12) to counter PRC military, diplomatic, economic and 
        cultural influence in the Red Sea region through increased 
        United States engagement, including democracy and governance 
        assistance, economic assistance, infrastructure investment and 
        security assistance and cooperation; and
            (13) to mitigate threats posed by the Houthis in Yemen to 
        regional stability and to vessels transiting the Red Sea or 
        Gulf of Aden by enabling partner nations' defensive 
        capabilities and encouraging counter-smuggling operations.
    (c) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
International Development, and the heads of other relevant Federal 
Government agencies, shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a 5-year integrated strategy for the Red Sea region that 
includes--
            (1) a clear articulation of the security, political, and 
        economic interests of the United States, with special emphasis 
        on the promotion of the policy objectives in subsection (b);
            (2) plans for ensuring the Red Sea Security Forum required 
        under subsection (f) will further shared interests between the 
        United States and partners and allies in democracy, human 
        rights, inclusive governance, economic development, anti-
        corruption, counter-terrorism, conflict prevention and 
        resolution, and other relevant areas;
            (3) plans for fostering regional cooperation on issues, 
        such as migration, including forced migration and its root 
        causes, and supporting refugee assistance;
            (4) plans for increasing United States economic engagement 
        in the region through diplomatic and, where applicable, 
        programmatic support for--
                    (A) a rules-based investment climate;
                    (B) United States private sector investment;
                    (C) regional economic integration, if and as 
                appropriate; and
                    (D) an assessment that clearly identifies the 
                implications of investment schemes of malign actors and 
                strategic competitors in the Red Sea region;
            (5) plans for ensuring engagement, as appropriate, of 
        initiatives such as Prosper Africa, Power Africa, the Middle 
        East Partnership Initiative, and expertise of independent 
        United States Government agencies, such as the Development 
        Finance Corporation, the United States African Development 
        Foundation, and other relevant United States Government 
        programs to carry out activities that advance United States 
        security, environment, energy, and economic interests in the 
        Red Sea region;
            (6) plans for supporting specific programs and activities 
        required to help bolster military and civilian capacity to 
        prevent and counter violent extremism, to reduce human, 
        narcotics, and arms trafficking, and to maintain the secure and 
        free flow of United States and partner military and commercial 
        vessels informed by a county by country assessment of the gaps 
        left by current programming, and in accordance with 
        international humanitarian law;
            (7) plans for protecting coastal infrastructure critical to 
        United States interests and, where appropriate, enhance partner 
        government capacity to that end, including United States 
        military bases, ports, undersea communication cables, and oil 
        pipelines and depots; and
            (8) plans for countering Russian and PRC military, 
        diplomatic, economic and cultural influence in the Red Sea 
        region.
    (d) Consultation.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall consult with the appropriate 
congressional committees on the strategy detailed in subsection (c).
    (e) Policy and Diplomatic Coordination.--
            (1) Establishment of new position.--There may be 
        established within the Department of State an Office of the 
        United States Senior Coordinator for the Red Sea Region, which 
        shall be led by a Senate-confirmed Senior Coordinator who shall 
        work closely with the Bureaus of African Affairs, Near Eastern 
        Affairs, relevant Department bureaus and offices, the 
        Department of Defense, the United States Agency for 
        International Development and others in the United States 
        Government to develop, integrate, and coordinate a strategic 
        approach towards the Red Sea region and who shall--
                    (A) be subject to the advice and consent of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) report directly to the Under Secretary of State 
                for Political Affairs;
                    (C) coordinate the development and lead the 
                implementation of the strategy required under 
                subsection (c);
                    (D) ensure, in consultation with the Assistant 
                Secretary of State for African Affairs and the 
                Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs, 
                that United States Ambassadors in the Red Sea region--
                            (i) are aware of such strategy; and
                            (ii) are taking concrete actions on a 
                        regular basis in the countries in which they 
                        serve to help further such strategy;
                    (E) ensure relevant Department of State programs 
                and activities being carried out in the Red Sea region 
                are coordinated in such a way that they advance the 
                policy and strategy described in [section b and c];
                    (F) coordinate, through the establishment of an 
                interagency working group, with the Assistant 
                Administrators for Africa, the Middle East, and other 
                relevant USAID bureaus, and with the Deputy Assistant 
                Secretaries of Defense for Africa and the Middle East 
                at Department of Defense to identify programs and 
                activities of their respective bureaus and agencies 
                that will support the strategy described in subsection 
                (c);
                    (G) lead United States diplomatic efforts on 
                transnational issues in the Red Sea region; and
                    (H) ensure that appropriate congressional 
                committees are regularly informed relative to Red Sea 
                and Gulf of Aden issues.
            (2) Diplomatic posts.--Not later than 180 days after the 
        date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a 
        report to the appropriate congressional committees that 
        examines--
                    (A) the feasibility of adding at least 1 additional 
                position to United States diplomatic posts at each of 
                the embassies in the Red Sea region;
                    (B) any other explicit personnel plans to increase 
                reporting on, among other issues, political, economic, 
                and security engagement in the Red Sea region by actors 
                from outside the region, especially the PRC, the 
                Russian Federation, Iran, the Republic of Turkiye, and 
                the Arabian Gulf countries; and
                    (C) actions taken by countries that could have a 
                destabilizing effect on the Red Sea region.
            (3) Establishment of reporting category.--Not later than 30 
        days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
        shall create a Red Sea region category within the internal 
        reporting system of the Department of State to enable readers 
        from throughout the United States Government to better identify 
        and access reporting pertaining to the Red Sea region.
    (f) Red Sea Security Forum.--The Secretary, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the United States 
Agency for International Development, shall convene an annual security 
forum involving United States and foreign diplomatic, development and 
defense officials, representatives of multilateral organizations, and 
civil society to identify and develop approaches to shared challenges 
in the Red Sea region, including--
            (1) countering PRC influence;
            (2) maritime security and transnational threats including 
        counter-terrorism, piracy and arms, and narcotics trafficking;
            (3) food security;
            (4) trade;
            (5) forced migration; and
            (6) environmental security.
    (g) Reporting Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, and annually for the following 4 years, the 
Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional 
committees that includes--
            (1) the status of the implementation of the strategy 
        required under subsection (c);
            (2) a description of the engagement of international actors 
        in countries in Africa that are part of the Red Sea region, 
        with special emphasis on the PRC, the Russian Federation, Iran, 
        the Republic of Turkiye, and Arabian Gulf countries, the 
        implications of their engagement for the national security 
        interests of the United States, and steps taken to counter the 
        influence of the aforementioned international actors;
            (3) a detailed description of the illicit networks that 
        move people, narcotics, and arms across the Red Sea region;
            (4) a discussion of key foreign investors and investments 
        in the Red Sea region initiated over the previous year, 
        including by United States and foreign actors;
            (5) a country-by-country itemization of all United States 
        democracy and governance assistance provided to countries in 
        the Red Sea region, broken down by program and by funding 
        sources and levels, along with an identification of the 
        intended and actual outcomes;
            (6) a country-by-country itemization of all United States 
        security assistance provided to countries in the Red Sea 
        region, along with an identification of the security 
        capabilities of countries in the Red Sea region, intended gaps 
        in capabilities that United States assistance is intended to 
        fill, and actual outcomes;
            (7) an assessment of the extent to which a sustained United 
        States presence in Somaliland would--
                    (A) support United States policy focused on the Red 
                Sea region, including the ``promotion of conflict 
                avoidance and resolution'';
                    (B) improve cooperation on counter-terrorism and 
                intelligence sharing, including by--
                            (i) degrading and ultimately defeating the 
                        terrorist threat posed by Al-Shabaab, the 
                        Islamic State in Somalia, and other terrorist 
                        groups operating in Somalia; and
                            (ii) countering the malign influence of the 
                        Iranian regime and its terror proxies;
                    (C) enhance cooperation on counter-trafficking, 
                including the trafficking of humans, wildlife, weapons, 
                and illicit goods;
                    (D) support trade and development in the region;
            (8) recommendations for facilitating the distribution of 
        humanitarian assistance in the Horn of Africa; and
            (9) recommendation for countering the presence of the 
        Russian Federation and the PRC in the Horn of Africa, including 
        by detailing--
                    (A) the PRC's interest in access to port facilities 
                in Djibouti, Mombasa, Massawa, and Assab;
                    (B) the PRC's role in fomenting unrest in the Sool 
                region of Somaliland; and
                    (C) the role Somaliland's relationship with the 
                Republic of China (Taiwan) counters PRC influence in 
                the region and contributes to United States interests.
    (h) Form.--The report required under this section shall be 
unclassified to the maximum extent practicable, but may include a 
classified annex.

SEC. 464. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON JACKSON-VANIK.

    It is the sense of Congress that it is in the interests of the 
United States to waive the application of section 402(e) of the Trade 
Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2432(e)) with respect to Uzbekistan (upon 
Uzbekistan's accession to the World Trade Organization) and with 
respect to Kazakhstan.

   Subtitle E--United States Interests in International Organizations

SEC. 471. GLOBAL PEACE OPERATIONS INITIATIVE.

    Section 552 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2348a) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) None of the funds authorized to be appropriated or otherwise 
made available to carry out this chapter, including for the Global 
Peace Operations Initiative of the Department of State, may be used to 
train or support foreign military forces in peacekeeping training 
exercises implemented by the Government of the People's Republic of 
China or the People's Liberation Army, unless, by not later than 
October 1 of each year, the Secretary certifies to the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives that such training or support is important 
to the national security interests of the United States.''.

SEC. 472. OFFICE ON MULTILATERAL STRATEGY AND PERSONNEL.

    The Bureau of International Organization Affairs of the Department 
of State shall create and maintain, within the Bureau, the Office on 
Multilateral Strategy and Personnel, which shall--
            (1) create, coordinate, and maintain a whole-of-government 
        strategy to strengthen United States engagement and leadership 
        with multilateral institutions;
            (2) coordinate United States Government efforts related to 
        the United Nations Junior Professional Office program (referred 
        to in this section as ``JPO''), including--
                    (A) recruiting qualified individuals who represent 
                the United States rich diversity to apply for United 
                States-sponsored JPO positions;
                    (B) collecting and collating information about 
                United States-sponsored JPOs from across the United 
                States Government;
                    (C) establishing and providing orientation and 
                other training to United States-sponsored JPOs;
                    (D) maintaining regular contact with current and 
                former United States-sponsored JPOs, including 
                providing career and professional advice to United 
                States-sponsored JPOs;
                    (E) making strategic decisions, including regarding 
                the location and duration of United States-sponsored 
                JPO positions, to strengthen United States national 
                security interests and the competitive advantage of 
                United States-sponsored JPOs for future employment;
                    (F) sponsoring events, including representational 
                events, as appropriate, to support United States-
                sponsored JPOs; and
                    (G) evaluating the efficacy of the United States 
                JPO strategy and its implementation at regular 
                intervals;
            (3) coordinate and oversee a whole-of-government United 
        States strategy and efforts in relation to promoting qualified 
        candidates, including candidates from partner or allied 
        nations, to elected or appointed to senior positions at 
        multilateral institutions, including--
                    (A) creating a whole-of-government strategy that 
                identifies and prioritizes upcoming openings of 
                leadership positions at multilateral organizations;
                    (B) identifying and recruiting qualified candidates 
                to apply or run for such positions; and
                    (C) creating and implementing a strategy to obtain 
                the support necessary for candidates for such 
                positions, including--
                            (i) liaising and coordinating with 
                        international partners to promote candidates; 
                        and
                            (ii) working with embassies to lobby other 
                        officials needed to support relevant 
                        candidates;
            (4) promote detail and transfer opportunities for qualified 
        United States personnel to multilateral organizations under 
        section 3343 or 3581 of title 5, United States Code, 
        including--
                    (A) by liaising with multilateral institutions to 
                promote and identify detail and transfer opportunities;
                    (B) by developing and maintaining a database of 
                detail and transfer opportunities to multilateral 
                organizations;
                    (C) by promoting such detail and transfer 
                opportunities within the United States Government and 
                making such database available to those eligible for 
                details and transfers; and
                    (D) by facilitating any relevant orientation, 
                training, or materials for detailees and transferees, 
                including debriefing detailees and transferees upon 
                their return to the United States Government; and
            (5) develop and oversee official and regular United States 
        Government fellowships at multilateral institutions to provide 
        United States Government personnel additional opportunities to 
        undertake details at multilateral institutions.

SEC. 473. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR JUNIOR PROFESSIONAL 
              OFFICER POSITIONS AND UNITED STATES CANDIDATES FOR 
              LEADERSHIP POSITIONS IN MULTILATERAL INSTITUTIONS.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated $10,000,000, for each of the fiscal years 2024 through 
2030, which, upon appropriation, shall remain available until expended 
and shall be used by the Secretary to support Junior Professional 
Officer positions at multilateral institutions, including by--
            (1) recruiting, training, and hosting events related to 
        such positions; and
            (2) promoting United States candidates for leadership 
        positions at multilateral institutions.
    (b) Congressional Notification.--Not later than 15 days before 
obligating any funds appropriated pursuant to subsection (a), the 
Secretary shall notify the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
Appropriations of the House of Representatives regarding the amount and 
proposed use of such funds.

SEC. 474. SAFEGUARDING THE INTEGRITY OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that--
            (1) the United Nations system is critical to advancing 
        peace and security, internationally recognized human rights, 
        and development;
            (2) the United States benefits from opportunities at the 
        United Nations to engage in multilateral diplomacy--
                    (A) to advance its own interests; and
                    (B) to work with other members of the international 
                community to address complex and shared challenges; and
            (3) the United States has an interest in safeguarding the 
        integrity the United Nations system.
    (b) Prioritizing the United Nations System.--The Secretary, in 
coordination with the Permanent Representative of the United States to 
the United Nations, as appropriate, shall prioritize the United Nations 
system, including by instructing the senior leadership of the United 
States Mission to the United Nations and other United States missions 
to the United Nations--
            (1) to promote United States participation in the United 
        Nations system, and that of United States allies and partners 
        who are committed to upholding the integrity of the United 
        Nations;
            (2) to ensure that United Nations employees are held 
        accountable to their obligation to uphold the United Nations 
        charter, rules, and regulations;
            (3) to monitor and counter undue influence, especially by 
        authoritarian governments, within the United Nations system;
            (4) to promote the participation and inclusion of Taiwan 
        throughout the United Nations system and its affiliated 
        agencies and bodies; and
            (5) to advance other priorities deemed relevant by the 
        Secretary and the Permanent Representative of the United States 
        to the United Nations to safeguard the integrity of the United 
        Nations system.

SEC. 475. DEPARTMENT OF STATE REPORT ON THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF 
              CHINA'S UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING EFFORTS.

    (a) Annual Report.--Not later than January 31 of each year through 
January 31, 2027, the Secretary shall submit a report to the 
appropriate congressional committees describing the People's Republic 
of China's United Nations peacekeeping efforts.
    (b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a) shall 
include an assessment of the PRC's contributions to United Nations 
peacekeeping missions, including--
            (1) a detailed list of the placement of PRC peacekeeping 
        troops;
            (2) a list of the number of troops participating in the 
        United Nations Peacekeeping Mission from the PRC, the United 
        States, and other permanent members of the United Nations 
        Security Council;
            (3) an estimate of when the PRC is expected to surpass the 
        United States as the top financial contributor to the United 
        Nations peacekeeping operations;
            (4) an estimate of the amount of money that the PRC 
        receives from the United Nations for its peacekeeping efforts;
            (5) an estimate of the portion of the money the PRC 
        receives for its peacekeeping operations and troops that comes 
        from United States contributions to United Nations peacekeeping 
        efforts;
            (6) an analysis comparing the locations of PRC peacekeeping 
        troops and the locations of ``One Belt, One Road'' projects; 
        and
            (7) an assessment of the number of Chinese United Nations 
        peacekeepers who are part of the People's Liberation Army or 
        the People's Armed Police, including the rank, division, 
        branch, and theater command of such peacekeepers.

 TITLE V--INVESTING IN OUR VALUES THROUGH SANCTIONS AND UNITED NATIONS 
                                REFORMS

SEC. 501. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECTS TO SYSTEMATIC RAPE, 
              COERCIVE ABORTION, FORCED STERILIZATION, OR INVOLUNTARY 
              CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTATION IN THE XINJIANG UYGHUR 
              AUTONOMOUS REGION.

    (a) In General.--Section 6(a)(1) of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy 
Act of 2020 (Public Law 116-145; 22 U.S.C. 6901 note) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as 
        subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
                    ``(E) Systematic rape, coercive abortion, forced 
                sterilization, involuntary contraceptive implantation 
                policies and practices, or any other type of sexual or 
                gender based violence.''.
    (b) Effective Date; Applicability.--The amendment made by 
subsection (a)--
            (1) shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this 
        Act; and
            (2) shall apply with respect to the first report required 
        under section 6(a)(1) of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 
        2020 (Public Law 116-145; 22 U.S.C. 6901 note) submitted after 
        such date of enactment.

SEC. 502. REMOVAL OF MEMBERS OF THE UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL 
              THAT COMMIT HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES.

    The President shall direct the Permanent Representative of the 
United States to the United Nations to use the voice, vote, and 
influence of the United States--
            (1) to reform the process for suspending the rights of 
        membership on the United Nations Human Rights Council for 
        countries whose governments commit gross and systemic 
        violations of human rights, including--
                    (A) seeking to lower the threshold vote at the 
                United Nations General Assembly for suspension of the 
                rights of membership to a simple majority;
                    (B) ensuring information detailing a member 
                country's human rights record is publicly available 
                before a vote on suspension of its rights of 
                membership; and
                    (C) making the vote of each country on the 
                suspension of rights of membership from the United 
                Nations Human Rights Council publicly available;
            (2) to reform the rules for electing members to the United 
        Nations Human Rights Council to seek to ensure United Nations 
        members whose governments have committed gross and systemic 
        violations of internationally recognized human rights are not 
        elected to the Human Rights Council; and
            (3) to oppose the election to the Human Rights Council of 
        any United Nations member--
                    (A) the government of which has been determined to 
                be engaging in a consistent pattern of gross violations 
                of internationally recognized human rights pursuant to 
                section 116 or section 502B of the Foreign Assistance 
                Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n and 2304);
                    (B) currently designated as a state sponsor of 
                terrorism;
                    (C) currently designated as a Tier 3 country under 
                section 110(b)(1)(C) the Trafficking Victims Protection 
                Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7101(b)(1)(C));
                    (D) the government of which is identified on the 
                list published by the Secretary pursuant to section 
                404(b) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008 (22 
                U.S.C. 2370c-1(b)) as a government that recruits and 
                uses child soldiers; or
                    (E) the government of which the United States 
                determines to have committed genocide, crimes against 
                humanity, war crimes, or ethnic cleansing.

SEC. 503. UNITED NATIONS POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT ON THE 
              REINCARNATION OF THE DALAI LAMA AND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM OF 
              TIBETAN BUDDHISTS.

    (a) Reaffirmation of Policy.--It is the policy of the United 
States, as provided under section 342(b) of division FF of the 
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260), that any 
``interference by the Government of the People's Republic of China or 
any other government in the process of recognizing a successor or 
reincarnation of the 14th Dalai Lama and any future Dalai Lamas would 
represent a clear abuse of the right to religious freedom of Tibetan 
Buddhists and the Tibetan people''.
    (b) International Efforts To Protect Religious Freedom of Tibetan 
Buddhists.--The Secretary should engage with United States allies and 
partners to--
            (1) support Tibetan Buddhist religious leaders' sole 
        religious authority to identify and install the 15th Dalai 
        Lama;
            (2) oppose claims by the Government of the People's 
        Republic of China that the PRC has the authority to decide for 
        Tibetan Buddhists the 15th Dalai Lama; and
            (3) reject interference by the Government of the People's 
        Republic of China in the religious freedom of Tibetan 
        Buddhists.

 TITLE VI--ADVANCING OVERSIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH

SEC. 601. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Biological Weapons Act of 2024''.

SEC. 602. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
                    (C) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
                Senate;
                    (D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives;
                    (E) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                    (F) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 
                of the House of Representatives.
            (2) Biological weapons convention.--The term ``Biological 
        Weapons Convention'' means the Convention on the Prohibition of 
        the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological 
        and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction, done at Washington, 
        London, and Moscow, April 10, 1972.
            (3) Dual use research of concern.--The term ``dual-use 
        research of concern'' is life sciences research that--
                    (A) involves an international partner; and
                    (B) based on current understanding, can be 
                reasonably anticipated to provide knowledge, 
                information, products, or technologies that could be 
                directly misapplied to pose a significant threat with 
                broad potential consequences to public health and 
                safety, agricultural crops and other plants, animals, 
                the environment, materiel, or national security.
            (4) Other international life sciences research of 
        concern.--The term ``other international life sciences research 
        of concern'' means research that--
                    (A) is conducted by or with an international 
                partner;
                    (B) involves, or is anticipated to involve--
                            (i) enhancing a potential pandemic 
                        pathogen;
                            (ii) the characterization of pathogens with 
                        pandemic potential; or
                            (iii) modifying a pathogen in such a way 
                        that it could acquire pandemic potential; or
                    (C) involves enhancing the pathogenicity, 
                contagiousness, or transmissibility of viruses or 
                bacteria in ways or for purposes that can be reasonably 
                anticipated to pose a threat to public health and 
                safety or national security.

SEC. 603. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    It is the policy of the United States--
            (1) to conduct rigorous scrutiny of and regularly review 
        international biological, bacteriological, virological, and 
        other relevant research collaboration that could be weaponized 
        or reasonably considered dual-use research of concern, and 
        incorporate national security and nonproliferation 
        considerations and country-specific conditions into decisions 
        regarding such collaborations;
            (2) to ensure that, in the search for solutions to pressing 
        global health challenges, United States Government support for 
        public health research and other actions does not advance the 
        capabilities of foreign adversaries in the area of dual-use 
        research of concern or inadvertently contribute to the 
        proliferation of biological weapons technologies; and
            (3) to declassify, to the maximum extent possible, all 
        intelligence relevant to the PRC's compliance or lack of 
        compliance with its obligations under the Biological Weapons 
        Convention, and other national security concerns regarding PRC 
        biological, bacteriological, virological, and other relevant 
        research that could be weaponized or reasonably considered 
        dual-use research of concern that may be outside the scope of 
        the Biological Weapons Convention.

SEC. 604. AMENDMENTS TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE'S AUTHORITY UNDER THE 
              ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT ACT.

    (a) Research, Development, and Other Studies.--Section 301(a) of 
the Arms Control and Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2571(a)) is amended by 
inserting ``biological, virological,'' after ``bacteriological''.
    (b) Oversight of Dual-Use Research.--
            (1) In general.--Title III of the Arms Control and 
        Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2571 et seq.) is amended by adding 
        at the end the following:

``SEC. 309. AUTHORITIES WITH RESPECT TO DUAL-USE RESEARCH OF CONCERN 
              AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH OF 
              CONCERN.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        `appropriate committees of Congress' means--
                    ``(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    ``(B) the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, 
                and Pensions of the Senate;
                    ``(C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives; and
                    ``(D) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the 
                House of Representatives.
            ``(2) Dual-use research of concern.--The term ` dual-use 
        research of concern' has the meaning given such term in section 
        602 of the Biological Weapons Act of 2024.
            ``(3) Other international life sciences research of 
        concern.--The term `other international life sciences research 
        of concern' has the same meaning as defined by section 602 of 
        the Biological Weapons Act of 2024.
    ``(b) Oversight of Dual Use Research of Concern and Other 
International Life Sciences Research of Concern.--The Secretary, with 
respect to oversight of dual-use research of concern and other 
international life sciences research of concern, shall--
            ``(1) ensure robust and consistent Department of State 
        participation in interagency processes and review mechanisms;
            ``(2) require the Administrator of the United States Agency 
        for International Development to report to, and consult with, 
        the Department of State regarding any proposed programs, 
        projects, initiatives, or funding for dual-use research of 
        concern or other international life sciences research of 
        concern;
            ``(3) evaluate whether proposed international scientific 
        and technological cooperation activities in which the United 
        States Government participates that involves dual-use research 
        of concern or other international life sciences research of 
        concern, including research related to biological agents, 
        toxins, and pathogens, aligns with the United States National 
        Security Strategy and related strategic documents;
            ``(4) direct the Department of State--
                    ``(A) to implement prohibitions and enhanced 
                restrictions on high-risk life sciences research with 
                United States adversaries, especially the People's 
                Republic of China, the Russian Federation, the Islamic 
                Republic of Iran, and the Democratic People's Republic 
                of Korea; and
                    ``(B) to adhere to such prohibitions and enhanced 
                restrictions when participating in interagency 
                processes and review mechanisms related to dual-use 
                research of concern and other international life 
                sciences research of concern;
            ``(5) create, in consultation with other Federal 
        departments and agencies, policies and processes for post-award 
        oversight of grants and funding for dual-use research of 
        concern and other international life sciences research of 
        concern that--
                    ``(A) are aligned with existing laws and 
                regulations;
                    ``(B) provide grants or funding from other Federal 
                departments and agencies; and
                    ``(C) keep the Department of State apprised of any 
                national security or foreign policy concerns that may 
                arise with respect to a project funded by another 
                Federal department or agency;
            ``(6) conduct periodic reviews of the adequacy of 
        consultative mechanisms with other Federal departments and 
        agencies with respect to oversight of dual-use research of 
        concern and other international life sciences research of 
        concern, especially consultative mechanisms mandated in United 
        States law, and identify recommendations for improving such 
        consultative mechanisms;
            ``(7) direct Chiefs of Mission to ensure--
                    ``(A) country team assessments are submitted to the 
                Department of State and the head of the Federal 
                department or agency proposing to sponsor programs and 
                collaborations to scrutinize whether such programs or 
                collaborations involve dual-use research of concern or 
                other life international life sciences research of 
                concern; and
                    ``(B) such assessments are integrated into relevant 
                interagency processes; and
            ``(8) direct Chiefs of Mission to increase embassy 
        reporting in other countries on dual-use research of concern, 
        other international life sciences research of concern, 
        biosecurity hazards trends in the development of synthetic 
        biology and biotechnology, and other related matters.
    ``(c) Reports to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, and biennially thereafter for the following 
5 years, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate 
congressional committees that describes the implementation of 
subsection (b).
    ``(d) Annual Report on Approvals of Collaboration.--Not later than 
1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually 
thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary should shall submit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a report describing any 
research or other collaboration, including transfer agreements, 
memoranda of understanding, joint research projects, training, and 
conferences that involve significant knowledge transfer, that meets the 
definitions outlined in subsection (c) that was approved or not 
objected to by the Secretary of State and the justification for such 
approval or lack of an objection.''.

SEC. 605. REPORT ON THREATS RELATED TO SPECIFIC DUAL USE RESEARCH OF 
              CONCERN AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH OF 
              CONCERN.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act and 
annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Foreign 
Relations Committee of the Senate and the Foreign Affairs Committee of 
the House of Representatives an assessment of the key national security 
risks of dual-use research of concern or other international life 
sciences research of concern, including--
            (1) major issues the Department of State is prioritizing 
        with respect to the misuse or weaponization of, or that be 
        reasonably anticipated to be misused or weaponized, biological, 
        bacteriological, and virological research, or the misuse or 
        weaponization of, or that be reasonably anticipated to be 
        misused or weaponized, any other category of dual-use research 
        of concern or other international life sciences research of 
        concern by state and non-state actors;
            (2) the Department of State's efforts to develop and 
        promote measures to prevent such misuse, weaponization, or 
        proliferation of dual-use research of concern or other 
        international life sciences research of concern;
            (3) an assessment of targeted national level and government 
        directed policies, research initiatives, or other relevant 
        efforts focused on dual-use research of concern or other 
        international life sciences research of concern, including--
                    (A) the People's Republic of China;
                    (B) the Russian Federation;
                    (C) the Islamic Republic of Iran;
                    (D) the Democratic People's Republic of Korea;
                    (E) any other nation identified in the report 
                required under section 403 of the Arms Control and 
                Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2593a); and
                    (F) any terrorist group or malign non-state actor;
            (4) an assessment of the national security concerns posed 
        by any of the activities described in paragraph (1) or (3);
            (5) a description of collaboration between ostensibly 
        civilian entities, including research laboratories, and 
        military entities, involving the activities identified in 
        paragraph (3);
            (6) a description of the confidence-building measures or 
        other attempts by the countries referred to in paragraph (3) to 
        justify, clarify, or explain the activities described in such 
        paragraph;
            (7) the extent to which the Secretary assesses the 
        Biological Weapons Convention and any other relevant 
        international agreements account for or keep pace with the 
        security threats of the activities identified in paragraph (3);
            (8) a description of the process used by the United States 
        Government, including the role of the Department of State, to 
        approve and review funding or other support, including 
        subgrants in other countries for dual-use research of concern 
        or other life sciences research of concern, including research 
        related to biological agents, toxins, and pathogens that poses, 
        or can reasonably be anticipated to pose, a risk of misuse, 
        weaponization, or other threat to United States national 
        security;
            (9) a list and description of United States Government 
        interagency mechanisms and international groups or coordinating 
        bodies on biosecurity and dual-use research of concern in which 
        the Department of State is a member or has a formal role; and
            (10) a description of any obstacles or challenges to the 
        ability of United States Government to address the requirements 
        specified in this section, including a description of gaps in 
        authorities, intelligence collection and analysis, 
        organizational responsibilities, and resources.

SEC. 606. REPORT ON UNITED STATES FUNDING RESEARCH WITH THE PRC.

    (a) In General.--The President shall--
            (1) not later than 400 days after the date of the enactment 
        of this Act, conduct a formal review regarding all United 
        States Government-funded research collaboration initiatives 
        conducted with international partners during the 20-year period 
        ending on such date of enactment with the PRC related to 
        research areas that pose potential biological weapons 
        proliferation risks or meet the criteria of dual-use research 
        of concern or other international life sciences research of 
        concern; and
            (2) not later than 15 days after completing the review 
        pursuant to paragraph (1), submit a written, unclassified 
        report, which may include a classified annex, to--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and 
                Pensions of the Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
                    (D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives;
                    (E) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the 
                House of Representatives; and
                    (F) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
                Representatives.
    (b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a)(2) shall--
            (1) provide a detailed description and example of projects 
        of the initiatives identified pursuant to subsection (a), the 
        current status of such programs, including--
                    (A) dates of initiation and termination; and
                    (B) the criteria for granting approval of funding;
            (2) outline the procedures used to approve or deny such 
        grants or other funding, including the coordination, if any, 
        between agencies responsible for public health preparedness and 
        biomedical research agencies, including the Department of 
        Health and Human Services, and national security agencies, 
        including the Department of State, the Department of Defense, 
        and the intelligence community;
            (3) identify gaps in United States Government safeguards 
        regarding sufficient measures to prevent any such research 
        intended for civilian purposes from being diverted for military 
        research in the PRC;
            (4) include an assessment of how to best address any such 
        procedural gaps, especially regarding greater interagency 
        input;
            (5) explain how the research conducted with the grants and 
        funding requests referred to in paragraph (1) may have 
        contributed to the development of biological weapons, or the 
        development of technology and advancements that meet the 
        criteria of dual-use research of concern or other international 
        life sciences research of concern in the PRC;
            (6) explain how the United States Government's 
        understanding of the PRC's ``military-civil fusion'' national 
        strategy--
                    (A) informed and affected such funding decisions; 
                and
                    (B) will inform future funding decisions in 
                research related to gain-of-function, synthetic 
                biology, biotechnology, or other research areas that 
                pose biological weapons proliferation or dual-use 
                concerns;
            (7) explain whether any United States Government funding 
        was used to support gain-of-function research in the PRC during 
        the United States moratorium on such research between 2014 and 
        2017;
            (8) identify the steps taken the by United States 
        Government, if any, to apply additional scrutiny to United 
        States Government funding, including subgrants, to support 
        gain-of-function research in the PRC after the United States 
        Government lifted the moratorium on gain-of-function research 
        in 2017; and
            (9) include any other relevant matter discovered during the 
        course of such review.

SEC. 607. BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS REVIEW CONFERENCE.

    (a) Statement of Policy.--In order to promote international peace 
and security, it is the policy of the United States to promote 
compliance with the Biological Weapons Convention in accordance with 
subsections (b) through (d).
    (b) Activities To Advance United States Interests at Meetings of 
the Biological Weapons Convention.--Before each Review Conference of 
the Biological Weapons Convention, the Secretary shall--
            (1) demand greater transparency from the Government of the 
        PRC's activities on dual-use research of concern and the 
        applications of such research that raise concerns regarding its 
        compliance with Article I of the Biological Weapons Convention;
            (2) engage with other governments, the private sector 
        (including in relevant science and technology fields), and 
        other stakeholders, as appropriate, regarding--
                    (A) United States concerns about the PRC's 
                compliance with the Biological Weapons Convention; and
                    (B) the national security, public health, and non-
                proliferation implications of such concerns;
            (3) emphasize that the PRC's national strategy of military-
        civil fusion undermines the underlying utility and 
        effectiveness of the Biological Weapons Convention, which may 
        not adequately capture the full range of technologies with 
        dual-use implications being pursued by the PRC.
    (c) Declassification of Intelligence.--The President should, as 
appropriate, declassify intelligence relevant to the PRC's obligations 
under the Biological Weapons Convention and concerns about its 
compliance the such Convention.
    (d) Security Council Complaint.--If the questions and concerns 
raised pursuant to subsection (b) are not adequately addressed and the 
Secretary determines that another state party is in breach of an 
obligation under the Biological Weapons Convention, the President 
should consider lodging a complaint to the Security Council pursuant to 
Article VI of the Convention.

SEC. 608. ANNUAL REPORT BY THE UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 
              DEVELOPMENT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 
years, the Administrator of the United States International Development 
shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees 
describing all funding, including subgrants, for research involving or 
related to the study of pathogens, viruses, and toxins provided to 
entities subject to the jurisdiction of countries listed in subsection 
(b), which shall include a national security justification by the 
Secretary for such funding.
    (b) List of Countries Specified.--The countries list in this 
subsection are--
            (1) the People's Republic of China;
            (2) the Russian Federation;
            (3) the Islamic Republic of Iran;
            (4) the Democratic People's Republic of Korea; and
            (5) any other country specified in the report assessing 
        compliance with the Biological Weapons Convention, as required 
        under section 403(a) of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act 
        (22 U.S.C. 2593a(a)) during the relevant calendar year.
    (c) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be 
submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

SEC. 609. UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES, PROGRAMS, AND FUNDS.

    (a) Requirement.--The Permanent Representative of the United States 
to the United Nations shall use the voice, vote, and influence of the 
United States at the United Nations to block representatives from any 
country specified in the report required under section 403(a) of the 
Arms Control and Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2593a(a)) from serving in 
leadership positions within any United Nations organ, fund, program, or 
related specialized agency with responsibility for global health 
security (including animal health), biosecurity, atomic, biological or 
chemical weapons, or food security and agricultural development.
    (b) List of Countries Specified.--The countries to be covered by 
the report required under subsection (a), are--
            (1) the People's Republic of China;
            (2) the Russian Federation;
            (3) the Islamic Republic of Iran;
            (4) the Democratic People's Republic of Korea;
            (5) the Assad Regime of Syria; and
            (6) any other country specified in the report required 
        under section 403(a) of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act 
        (22 U.S.C. 2593a(a)) during the relevant calendar year.
    (c) Sunset.--This section shall cease to have any force or effect 
beginning on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment 
of this Act.

SEC. 610. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

    Nothing in this Act may be construed as authorizing or endorsing 
United States Government funding for dual-use research of concern and 
other international life sciences research of concern with 
international partners that present risks to the national security and 
public health of the United States.
                                 <all>
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