Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and

Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage

County, Northeastern Oklahoma, 2001-2002

Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4235

Prepared in cooperation with the

OSAGE TRIBAL COUNCIL AND BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Photograph of Arkansas River taken by Chris Neel, U.S. Geological Survey.
Mashburn, S.L., and others—Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern Oklahoma, 2001-2002—

USGS/WRIR 03–4235

Printed on recycled paper
U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability,

and Water Quality of the Quaternary

Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002

By Shana L. Mashburn, Caleb C. Cope, and Marvin M. Abbott

Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4235

Prepared in cooperation with the

OSAGE TRIBAL COUNCIL AND BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
U.S. Department of the Interior

Gale P. Norton, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Charles G. Groat, Director

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: OKLAHOMA CITY 2003

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services

Box 25286, Denver Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225

District Chief

U.S. Geological Survey

202 NW 66 St., Bldg. 7

Oklahoma City, OK 73116

For more information about the USGS and its products:

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/

Information about water resources in Oklahoma is available on the World Wide Web at

http://ok.water.usgs.gov

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply

endorsement by the U.S. Government.
iii

CONTENTS

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Purpose and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Description of study area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Description of Quaternary aquifer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Site selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Field procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Electrical conductivity logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Water levels and water samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Laboratory core analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Aquifer characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Sediment thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Saturated thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Sediment grain size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Net sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Calculated hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Water availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Water quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Selected references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1. Test hole data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2. Water-quality data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma, 2001-2002 . . . . . . . 30

3. Sieve data and calculated hydraulic conductivity for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage

County, Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Figures

1–3. Maps showing:

1.Locationofthestudyarea,Quaternaryaquifer,andsitelocations,westernOsage

County, Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.Quaternaryaquiferandsitelocations,westernmapofthestudyarea,westernOsage

County, Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3.Quaternaryaquiferandsitelocations,easternmapofthestudyarea,westernOsage

County, Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4–5. Graphs showing:

4. Geologicsections X-X’and Y-Y’ basedon electricalconductivity log profilesof theQuaternary

aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5.CumulativefrequencyplotsofsedimentgrainsizefromtheQuaternaryaquifer,westernOsage

County, Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
iv

6–7. Maps showing:

6. Netsand andsaturated thickness, westernmap ofthe study area,western OsageCounty,

Oklahoma; water levels for saturated thickness measured June to September 2002. . . . . . . .10

7. Netsand andsaturated thickness, easternmap ofthe study area,western OsageCounty,

Oklahoma; water levels for saturated thickness measured June to September 2002. . . . . . . .11

8.Graph showing electricalconductivity log profilewith a30 millisiemens arbitrarylimit for estimating

net sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

9–12. Maps showing:

9.Estimateddissolved-solidsconcentrations,easternmapofthestudyarea,westernOsage

County, Oklahoma; sampled December 2001 to August 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

10.Estimateddissolved-solidsconcentrations,easternmapofthestudyarea,westernOsage

County, Oklahoma; sampled December 2001 to August 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

11.Field-screenednitrateconcentrations,westernmapofthestudyarea,westernOsage

County, Oklahoma; sampled December 2001 to August 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

12. Field-screened nitrate concentrations, eastern map of the study area, western Osage

County, Oklahoma; sampled December 2001 to August 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

13.ComparisonoffielddataandlaboratoryanalysisfornitrateconcentrationsformtheQuaternary

aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma, September 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Tables

1.Comparisonoffield-screeningdataandlaboratorydatafornitriteplusnitrateasnitrogenconcentration

from the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Conversion Factors and Datum

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

centimeter (cm) 0.3937 inch (in.)

millimeter (mm) 0.03937 inch (in.)

Area

acre 4,047 square meter (m2)

acre 0.4047 hectare (ha)

acre 0.004047 square kilometer (km2)

square foot (ft2) 929.0 square centimeter (cm2)

square foot (ft2) 0.09290 square meter (m2)

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2)
v

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F = (1.8 × °C) + 32

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows:

°C = (°F - 32) / 1.8

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

*Transmissivity: The standard unit for transmissivity is cubic foot per day per square foot times

foot of aquifer thickness [(ft3

/d)/ft2]ft. In this report, the mathematically reduced form, foot

squared per day (ft2/d), is used for convenience.

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at

25 ̊C).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or

micrograms per liter (μg/L).

Volume

acre-foot (acre-ft) 1,233 cubic meter (m3)

Flow rate

cubic foot per day (ft3/d) 0.02832 cubic meter per day (m3/d)

Mass

gram (g) 0.03527 ounce, avoirdupois (oz)

Hydraulic conductivity

foot per day (ft/d) 0.3048 meter per day (m/d)

centimeter per second (cm/s) 2834.6 foot per day (ft/d)

Hydraulic gradient

foot per mile (ft/mi) 0.1894 meter per kilometer (m/km)

Transmissivity*

foot squared per day (ft2

/d) 0.09290 meter squared per day (m2/d)

Multiply By To obtain
Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water

Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County,

Northeastern Oklahoma, 2001-2002

By Shana L. Mashburn, Caleb C. Cope, and Marvin M. Abbott

Abstract

Additional sources of water are needed on the Osage Reservation for future growth and development. The Quaternary

aquifer along the Arkansas River in the Osage Reservation may

represent a substantial water resource, but limited amounts of

hydrogeologic data were available for the aquifer. The study

area is about 116 square miles of the Quaternary aquifer in the

Arkansas River valley and the nearby upland areas along the

Osage Reservation. The study area included the Arkansas River

reach downstream from Kaw Lake near Ponca City, Oklahoma

to upstream from Keystone Lake near Cleveland, Oklahoma.

Electrical conductivity logs were produced for 103 test

holes. Water levels were determined for 49 test holes, and 105

water samples were collected for water-quality field analyses at

46 test holes. Water-quality data included field measurements

of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate (nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen). Sediment cores

were extracted from 20 of the 103 test holes.

The Quaternary aquifer consists of alluvial and terrace

deposits of sand, silt, clay, and gravel. The measured thickness

of the alluvium ranged from 13.7 to 49.8 feet. The measured

thickness of the terrace sediments ranged from 7 to 93.8 feet.

The saturated thickness of all sediments ranged from 0 to 38.2

feet with a median of 24.8 feet. The weighted-mean grain size

for cores from the alluvium ranged from 3.69 to 0.64 φ, (0.08-

0.64 millimeter), and ranged from 4.02 to 2.01 φ (0.06-0.25 millimeter) for the cores from terrace deposits. The mean of the

weighted-mean grain sizes for cores from the alluvium was 1.67

φ (0.31 millimeter), and the terrace deposits was 2.73 φ (0.15

millimeter). The hydraulic conductivity calculated from grain

size of the alluvium ranged from 2.9 to 6,000 feet per day and

of the terrace deposits ranged from 2.9 to 430 feet per day. The

calculated transmissivity of the alluvium ranged from 2,000 to

26,000 feet squared per day with a median of 5,100 feet squared

per day. Water in storage in the alluvium was estimated to be

approximately 200,000 acre-feet. The amount of water annually

recharging the aquifer was estimated to be approximately 4,800

acre-feet.

Specific conductance for all water samples ranged from

161 to 6,650 microsiemens per centimeter. Median specific

conductance for the alluvium was 683 microsiemens per centimeter and for the terrace deposits was 263 microsiemens per

centimeter. Dissolved-solids concentrations, estimated from

specific conductance, for water samples from the aquifer ranged

from 88 to 3,658 milligrams per liter. Estimated median dissolved-solids concentration for the alluvium was 376 milligrams per liter and for the terrace deposits was 145 milligrams

per liter. More than half of the samples from the Quaternary

aquifer were estimated to contain less than 500 milligrams per

liter dissolved solids. Field-screened nitrate concentrations for

the sampling in December 2001-August 2002 ranged from 0 to

15 milligrams per liter. The field-screened nitrate concentrations for the second sampling in September 2002 were less than

corresponding laboratory reported values.

Introduction

Additional sources of water are needed on the Osage Reservation for future growth and development. The Quaternary

aquifer along the Arkansas River in the Osage Reservation may

represent a substantial water resource, but limited amounts of

hydrogeologic data were available for the aquifer. The U.S.

Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Osage

Tribe and the Bureau of Indian Affairs, conducted a study to

assess the availability and quality of ground water in the Quaternary aquifer in the Osage Reservation, Osage County, northeastern Oklahoma. The study area is about 116 square miles of

the Quaternary aquifer in the Arkansas River valley and the

nearby upland areas along the Osage Reservation. The study

area included the Arkansas River reach downstream from Kaw

Lake near Ponca City, Oklahoma to upstream from Keystone

Lake near Cleveland, Oklahoma (fig. 1). The field work was

conducted from December 2001 to September 2002 and 103

test holes were driven in the aquifer during that time. Saturated

thickness of the aquifer was determined by measuring water

levels in the test holes. Data collected included electrical conductivity logs, sediment cores, and water-quality field measurements of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen (referred to as

nitrate in this report).
2 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern Oklahoma, 2001-2002

Ponca

City

Fairfax

Blackburn

Cleveland

Pawhuska

Hominy

Kaw Lake

Keystone Lake

Arkansas River

Arkansas River

97° 96°30’ 96°

36°

36°30’

37°

EXPLANATION

Towns

Lakes

Test Hole

Alluvial deposits

Terrace deposits

Osage County

Location of the Osage Reservation,

Osage County, Oklahoma

Oklahoma

Base from U.S. Geological Survey

1:100,000, 1983

Albers Equal-Area Projection, NAD83 datum

Bowen, 1918 and Bowen and others, 1919

0 5 10 Miles

0 5 10 Kilometers

0 100 200 Miles

0 100 200 Kilometers

Western Map Area

Eastern Map Area

Ralston

Osage

County

Quaternary Aquifer

Figure 1. Location of the study area, Quaternary aquifer, and site locations, western Osage County, Oklahoma.
Methods 3

Purpose and Scope

This report describes aquifer characteristics, water availability, and water quality for the Quaternary aquifer in Osage

County based on data collected in 2001-2002. This report presents the measured sediment thickness, saturated thickness, sediment grain-size, net sand, and calculated hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity. This report also presents potential water

availability for the Quaternary aquifer. Summary statistics for

aquifer characteristics and water-quality data are included.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the farmers, ranchers, and landowners

for providing access to their land. Thanks to Greg McMahn,

Chesapeake Energy, for scanning the large-scale maps of the

study area into digital format (Bowen, 1918 and Bowen and

others, 1919). Special thanks are extended to the Osage Tribal

Council and the Osage Environmental Council. The authors

also thank U.S. Geological Survey colleagues Scott Christenson

for technical support, Mike Sughru for creating the illustrations,

and Scott Strong for field assistance.

Description of Study Area

The Osage Reservation, comprising Osage County, contains about 2,260 square miles (fig. 1). The Reservation is characterized by gently rolling uplands with sharp cuestas formed

by resistant sandstone and limestone ledges. The Arkansas

River borders the Reservation on the south and southwest (fig.

1). The western part of the Reservation, known informally as

the Bluestem Hills, is mostly open savanna. The altitude of the

surface of the alluvium ranges from 945 feet above NAVD 88

below the dam on Kaw Lake near Ponca City, Oklahoma to 725

feet west of Cleveland. The distance along the Arkansas River

is about 94 miles. Mean annual precipitation across the study

area ranged from 34 inches near Ponca City to 37 inches near

Cleveland during the period 1971 to 2000 (Oklahoma Climatological Survey, 2002).

Description of Quaternary Aquifer

The Quaternary aquifer (figs. 1, 2, and 3) consists of alluvial and terrace deposits of sand, silt, clay, and gravel of Quaternary age (Bingham and Bergman, 1980, plates 1 and 2). The

contact between the alluvial and the terrace deposits, for this

study, is located where the slope in the Arkansas River valley

changes from a low angle on the alluvium to a greater angle on

the terrace deposits (fig. 4). The alluvium was deposited by the

Arkansas River and the lesser tributary streams. The terrace

deposits were deposited by the Arkansas River at a time when

it flowed at a higher level. The material was later reworked by

the prevailing wind from the southwest, and deposited on the

upland areas generally north of the Arkansas River valley

(Oakes, 1952, p. 95-96). The Quaternary aquifer is unconfined

and uncemented in most areas. Recharge to the alluvial and terrace deposits in the Reservation is mostly from precipitation.

Recharge in the study area is about 1.5 inches per year (Pettyjohn and others, 1983, p. 42-43).

Maps of the study area in this report will be presented in

the format shown in figures 2 and 3. The western area will be

presented first and then the eastern area, because of the scale

needed to see closely-spaced test holes.

Methods

Test hole locations were distributed across the alluvial and

terrace deposits on private land and along road rights-of-way.

Data from these 103 test holes were used to characterize the

Quaternary aquifer. Electrical conductivity log data were used

to define the sediment in the aquifer. Water-level measurements

were used to describe the saturated thickness of the aquifer.

Water samples were collected from test holes and used to measure water-quality properties. Sediment cores were analyzed for

grain size and used to calculate hydraulic conductivity and

transmissivity. Net sand and saturated thickness were mapped

to provide a tool for evaluating potential water availability of

the Quaternary aquifer.

Site Selection

Test holes were placed on private land and along road

rights-of-way underlain by alluvial and terrace deposits. Test

hole locations depended on landowner permission and road

accessibility. The 103 test holes were distributed across the

alluvial and terrace deposits (figs. 2 and 3). Geologic sections

X-X' and Y-Y' were constructed from test-hole data obtained

along two transects of closely-spaced test holes that extended

from the terrace deposits to the alluvium near the river channel

(figs. 2 and 3). These transects were located to investigate

changes in the sediment type, water level, and water quality

across the aquifer. Site locations were determined using a global positioning system with a horizontal accuracy of about 30

feet. Each site was assigned a local identifier number made up

of a site sequence number and a letter identifying alluvium (A)

or terrace deposit (T).

Field Procedures

A truck-mounted Geoprobe was used to make 103 temporary test holes. No materials were permanently installed in the

aquifer. Electrical conductivity logs were produced for each test

hole to define the aquifer thickness and to estimate sediment

grain size. Water levels were determined for 49 test holes, and

water samples were collected for water-quality field analyses at

46 test holes yielding enough water to sample. Sediment cores

were extracted from 20 of the 103 test holes for sieve analyses
4 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern Oklahoma, 2001-2002

035T

036T

037T

038T

039T

040A

041T

042A

043T 044T

045A

046T

047A

049T

050T

051A

052A

053T

054A

055A

056A 057A

059A 058T

065A

066A

070A 071A

072A

073T

074A

075T

076A

077A

078T

079A

080T

081A

082T

083A

084A

085A

086T

087T

088A

089A 091T

092A

093T

094T

095A

096A

097T

100A

101A

103T

090T

X'

X

102T

97°60’ 96°50’

36°30’

36°40’

EXPLANATION

Alluvial Site

Terrace Site

Core Site

Alluvial deposits

Terrace deposits

Lake

072A Local identifier

0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles

0 1 2 3 4 5 Kilometers Base from U.S. Geological Survey

1:100,000, 1983

Albers Equal-Area Projection, NAD83 datum

Bowen, 1918 and Bowen and others, 1919

X X’ Geologic section

(fig. 4)

Osage

County

Quaternary Aquifer

Figure 2. Quaternary aquifer and site locations, western map of the study area, western Osage County, Oklahoma.
Methods 5

001T

002A

003T

005A

006A

008A

010A

012T 011T

013T

014A

015T

016A

017A

018A

019T

021T

022A

023T

024T 025T

026A

027T

028T

030T 029T 031T

032T

033T

034T

048T

060A

061T 062A 063A

064A 067A

068A 069A

009T

020T

004T

Inset Map

Y'

Y

96°40’ 96°30’

36°20’

36°30’

008A

048T

021T 009T

010A

019T

005A

020T

004T

099A 007A

098A

Inset Map

0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles

0 1 2 3 4 5 Kilometers

Base from U.S. Geological Survey

1:100,000, 1983

Albers Equal-Area Projection, NAD83 datum

Bowen, 1918 and Bowen and others, 1919

Osage

County

EXPLANATION

Alluvial Site

Terrace Site

Core Site

Alluvial deposits

Terrace deposits

Lake

034T Local identifier

Y Y’ Geologic section

(fig. 4)

Quaternary Aquifer

Figure 3. Quaternary aquifer and site locations, eastern map of the study area, western Osage County, Oklahoma.
6 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern Oklahoma, 2001-2002 900 800 750 1,000 18,435 5,000 10,000 15,000 Hole #100A depth 49.8ft Hole #047A depth 48.2ft Hole #101A depth 43ft Hole #102T depth 37ft Hole #103T depth 46.5ft Hole #038T depth 65.5ft Hole #046T depth 66.9ft Hole #043T depth 62.9ft

0

South

North

Bedrock

X’

X

900

800

1,000

5,000 10,000 15,000 0

700

Bedrock

Hole #002A

depth 30.6ft

Hole #003T

depth 52ft

Hole #001T

depth 27.4ft

Hole #011T

depth 28ft Hole #015T

depth 73ft

18,450

ALTITUDE, IN FEET

DISTANCE, IN FEET

ALTITUDE, IN FEET

Base of Quaternary Aquifer

Base of Quaternary Aquifer Water level

Water level

South

North

Y’

Y

Alluvial deposits

Vertical Exaggeration x10Datum is NAVD 88

Alluvial deposits

Terrace deposits

Terrace deposits

Approximate contact between alluvial and terrace deposits

Approximate contact between alluvial and terrace deposits

Figure 4. Geologic sections X-X’ and Y-Y’ based on electrical conductivity log profiles of the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma.
Aquifer Characteristics 7

of grain size and interpretation of sediment grain size from the

electrical conductivity logs.

Electrical Conductivity Logs

An electrical conductivity probe, 15 inches long and 1.5

inches in diameter, was used to measure the electrical conductivity of the alluvial and terrace deposits in a vertical profile.

Conductivity log data were relayed through a coaxial cable to a

computer at the surface as the probe advanced into the ground.

The depth where the probe penetration slowed markedly was

assumed to be bedrock at the base of the Quaternary aquifer.

Water Levels and Water Samples

A 1-foot long stainless steel screen of 1.25-inch diameter

was driven down into the aquifer to make a hole for water-level

measurements and water samples. Extraction of the conductivity probe out of the test hole disturbed the aquifer sediments and

the possibility of collecting water samples from discrete zones;

therefore, a new hole was created within 6 inches of the hole

used for conductivity measurements. An electric water-level

sounding device was lowered into the new test hole to measure

the depth to water from land surface. Measurements were

recorded to the nearest 0.1 foot.

Water samples were collected using polyethylene tubing

and a peristaltic pump. Water samples were collected at three

depth intervals, where possible. The sample depth listed in

Appendix 2 was the deepest depth of the screened interval. The

objective was to sample at shallow, medium, and deep intervals

below the water table. Designations of shallow, medium, and

deep intervals below the water table in this report were arbitrarily chosen as 0 to 10 feet, greater than 10 to 20 feet, and

greater than 20 feet. Water was pumped for at least 2 minutes at

each sample level or until the water visually cleared of turbidity

before sampling. Specific conductance, pH, and water temperature were measured using electrometric meters. Dissolved

oxygen and nitrate were measured using field screening colorimetric methods. The dissolved-oxygen concentrations were

measured using the indigo carmine method, with a minimum

reporting limit of 1 milligram per liter (mg/L) (CHEMetrics,

CHEMets kit, K-7512). The nitrate concentrations were measured using cadmium-reduction/azo dye formation method,

with a minimum reporting limit of 2.5 mg/L (CHEMetrics, vacuettes kit, K-6902D). Ten test holes were sampled a second

time to evaluate changes in nitrate concentrations with time and

to compare field-screened nitrate concentrations with laboratory analyses. The USGS National Water Quality Laboratory in

Lakewood, Colorado, analyzed the 10 nitrate samples using a

cadmium-reduction colorimetry method with a laboratory

reporting limit of 0.06 mg/L. At the same time the 10 nitrate

samples were collected for the laboratory analyses, water samples were collected and tested using the field screening colorimetric method for comparison of results.

Laboratory Core Analysis

Sediment cores were collected from 20 of the 103 test

holes, (figs. 2 and 3). Ten cores each were collected from the

alluvium and from the terrace deposits. The cores were collected for the entire thickness of the aquifer in 4-foot intervals

inside 1.5-inch diameter plastic sleeves. The cores were kept

vertical until completely dried to maintain the stratification of

the sediments. After drying, the sediment cores were divided

into units based on visual interpretation of gross grain size. Sediment samples weighing about 100 grams each were collected

from each of the units. A series of 10 wire-mesh sieves with

openings ranging in size from 16 to 0.045 millimeters (mm)

were stacked in descending order with the largest size on top.

Each sediment sample was placed in the top sieve and then

shaken for about 12 minutes in a Rotap sieving machine. This

process separated the sediment sample into 10 units by grain

size. The amount of sediment collected in each sieve was

weighed using a digital scale. Weight percent of each sieve size

was plotted against cumulative weight percent to produce a

cumulative frequency curve for each sample (fig. 5).

Grain sizes shown on the cumulative frequency curves are

expressed in phi (φ) values. The φ value is a logarithmic scale

that allows grain size data to be expressed in units of equal value

for the purpose of graphical plotting and statistical calculations.

Particle size, expressed in millimeters, decreases with increasing φ values and increases with decreasing φ values (Boggs,

1995, p. 80). The relation of phi to a diameter in millimeters is

expressed by:

φ = -log2 d (1)

where “d” is the diameter of the sediment grains.

The weighted-mean grain size for each core was determined by the following method:

1. Cumulative frequency curves (fig. 5A and 5B) for each

sample were plotted.

2. The 16, 50, and 84 percentile φ values were averaged to

get the sample-interval mean grain size, in phi units

(Folk, 1968, p. 45).

3. The sample-interval mean grain size was multiplied by

the sample-interval thickness, in feet, to get an intervalthickness-mean grain size, in phi units.

4. The interval-thickness-mean grain size values were

summed and divided by the total thickness, in feet, of the

core to get a weighted-mean grain size, in phi units.

Aquifer Characteristics

Aquifer characteristics determined for this report include

sediment thickness, saturated thickness, sediment grain size,

and net sand. The sediment thickness defines how much sediment was present at each test hole site. The saturated thickness
8 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern Oklahoma, 2001-2002

Pebble Gravel Very

Coarse

Sand

Coarse

Sand

Medium

Sand

Fine

Sand

Very

Fine

Sand

Coarse

Silt

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

16

50

90

84

84

50

CUMULATIVE WEIGHT PERCENT FINER THAN

16

10

CUMULATIVE WEIGHT PERCENT

ALLUVIAL SEDIMENT GRAIN SIZE, IN PHI

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

90

84

50

CUMULATIVE WEIGHT PERCENT

16 84

10

16

50

CUMULATIVE WEIGHT PERCENT FINER THAN

TERRACE DEPOSITS SEDIMENT GRAIN SIZE, IN PHI

(Udden, 1914, Wentworth, 1922)

A)

B)

Figure 5. Cumulative frequency plots of sediment grain size from the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County,

Oklahoma.
Water Availability 9

establishes how much water was present in the aquifer at the

time of the study. The sediment grain size distribution provided

data for calculating the hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity. The net sand data describes how much aquifer material was

present to transmit water readily. These aquifer characteristics

were used to calculate hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity

and evaluate the potential water availability of the Quaternary

aquifer.

Sediment Thickness

The total sediment thickness at each test hole was determined from the depth penetrated by the electrical conductivity

probe. The measured thickness of the alluvium ranged from

13.7 to 49.8 feet (fig. 4, and Appendix 1). The measured thickness of the terrace sediments ranged from 7 to 93.8 feet (fig. 4,

and Appendix 1).

Saturated Thickness

Water levels were determined for 42 of the 52 test holes in

alluvial deposits, and for 7 of the 51 test holes in terrace deposits. All test holes in the alluvial deposits contained water, but

water levels were not measured for 10 of the 52 alluvial test

holes because of complications in the field. Water levels were

measured from June to September 2002. Although most of the

test holes in terrace deposits were dry, five of the test holes contained sufficient water for sampling. Water levels could not be

measured for 1 of these 5 test holes in terrace deposits because

of complications in the field. The saturated thickness of all sediments ranged from 0 to 38.2 feet with a median of 24.8 feet,

(figs. 6, 7, and Appendix 1).

Sediment Grain Size

The weighted-mean grain size for cores from the alluvial

deposits ranged from 3.69 to 0.64 φ, (0.08-0.64 mm), and

ranged from 4.02 to 2.01 φ (0.06-0.25 mm) for the cores from

terrace deposits. The mean of the weighted-mean grain sizes for

cores from the alluvial deposits was 1.67 φ (0.31 mm), and the

terrace deposits was 2.73 φ (0.15 mm). Two cores, 028T and

039T (figs. 2 and 3), were located in areas of increased slope

near the boundary of the alluvium and the terrace deposits and

initially were designated as terrace deposits. Samples taken

from the base of these cores are represented by the four anomalous curves on the left in figure 5B. These coarse sediments

indicated in the curves for these samples are more representative of alluvial deposits than terrace deposits and were not

included in the grain-size calculations for the terrace deposits.

Net Sand

Electrical conductivity logs were compared to the core

data of the alluvial and the terrace deposits to determine log

responses for sand-gravel intervals and for silt-clay intervals.

The electrical conductivity of the sand and gravel intervals was

typically less than 30 millisiemens per meter. The silt and clay

intervals were generally greater than 30 millisiemens per meter

(fig. 8). The net sand (figs. 6, 7, and Appendix 1), which

includes both sand and gravel, was estimated for each test hole

from electrical conductivity logs (fig. 8). The net sand of the

alluvium ranged from 0.7 to 47.5 feet with a median of 24.5

feet. The net sand of the terrace deposits ranged from 0.1 to 85.3

feet with a median of 30.9 feet.

Calculated Hydraulic Conductivity and Transmissivity

Hydraulic conductivity is the rate at which water moves

through a porous medium under a unit head gradient (Fetter,

1988, p. 571). Hydraulic conductivity was calculated from grain

size at which 10 percent of the grains are finer by weight (Fetter,

1988, p. 81). This grain size for each sample is equivalent to the

90 percent cumulative weight percent shown in figure 5. Grain

size values of low permeability, such as clays, were eliminated

from the hydraulic conductivity calculation. The hydraulic conductivity was calculated for each sieve sample by squaring the

10 percent finer grain size, in centimeters, and multiplying by a

constant of 80 to get centimeters per second (cm/s) (Fetter,

1988, p. 81). The hydraulic conductivity in cm/s was converted

to feet per day (ft/d) (Appendix 3). Then the hydraulic conductivity in ft/day was averaged for each core. The calculated

hydraulic conductivity of the alluvium ranged from 2.9 ft/d to

6,000 ft/d and the terrace deposits ranged from 2.9 ft/d to 430

ft/d. The mean of these hydraulic conductivity values for the

alluvium was 290 ft/d and the mean for the terrace deposits was

30 ft/d.

Transmissivity is defined as the amount of water that can

be transmitted horizontally by a fully saturated thickness of the

aquifer under a unit hydraulic gradient (Fetter, 1988, p. 578).

The standard unit for transmissivity is cubic feet per day per

square foot multiplied by the feet of saturated thickness of the

aquifer, which reduces to feet squared per day, (ft2/d).

Transmissivity values for each cored test hole was calculated by multiplying the mean hydraulic conductivity value for

the test hole and the saturated thickness for the test hole. The

transmissivity of the six cored test holes in the alluvial deposits

ranged from 2,000 ft2/d to 26,000 ft2/d and the median was

5,100 ft2/d.

Water Availability

Water availability was evaluated by mapping net sand and

saturated thickness of the Quaternary aquifer (figs. 6 and 7).

These maps depict only estimates of water availability for the

aquifer. The most accurate way to evaluate water availability is

to drill wells and perform aquifer tests. Zones that will produce

more water are those that have greater sand thickness and

greater saturated thickness if water-transmitting characteristics
10 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002

20

10

10

20

10

20

30

10

20

20

20

10

30

10

012345 Miles

012345 Kilometers

97°60' 96°50'

36°30'

36°40'

EXPLANATION

Net Sand (feet)

No Sand

0 - 20

20 - 40

40 - 60

60 - 86

LINE OF EQUAL SATURATED THICKNESS.

DASHED WHERE

APPROXIMATELY

LOCATED.

INTERVAL 10 FEET.

TEST HOLE

Base from U.S. Geological Survey

1:100,000, 1983

Albers Equal-Area Projection, NAD83 datum

Bowen, 1918 and Bowen and others, 1919

Osage

County

Figure 6. Net sand and saturated thickness, western map of the study area, western Osage County, Oklahoma; water

levels for saturated thickness measured June to September 2002.
Water Availability 11

10

20

10

40

10

20

30

30

10

20 30

20

30

30

30

EXPLANATION

Net Sand (feet)

No Sand

0 - 20

20 - 40

40 - 60

60 - 86

96°40' 96°30'

36°20'

36°30'

012345 Kilometers

012345 Miles

Base from U.S. Geological Survey

1:100,000, 1983

Albers Equal-Area Projection, NAD83 datum

Bowen, 1918 and Bowen and others, 1919

Osage

County

LINE OF EQUAL SATURATED THICKNESS.

DASHED WHERE

APPROXIMATELY

LOCATED.

INTERVAL 10 FEET.

TEST HOLE

Figure 7. Net sand and saturated thickness, eastern map of the study area, western Osage County, Oklahoma; water levels

for saturated thickness measured June to September 2002.
12 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002

Electrical Conductivity (millisiemens/meter)

Depth below land surface, in feet

0 30 50 100 150 200

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Silt & Clay

Sand

Sand

8.1ft

0.4ft

10.7ft

Sand

Total Depth = 28 feet

Net Sand = 19.2 feet

Location 007A

Silt & Clay

Silt & Clay

Figure 8. Electrical conductivity log profile with a 30 millisiemens arbitrary limit for estimating net sand.

are similar. Water levels were measured from June to September

2002 to determine saturated thickness. Saturated thickness

varies according to the amount of seasonal precipitation and

river levels for parts of the aquifer near the river, adding some

variability to estimated saturated thickness (figs. 6 and 7). Given

a specific yield of 20 percent (Walton, 1970), 38,450 acres of

alluvial deposits in the study area, and an average saturated

thickness of 25 feet, water in storage in the alluvium was estimated to be approximately 200,000 acre-feet. The amount of

water annually recharging the aquifer is approximately 4,800

acre-feet, given an estimated annual recharge of 1.5 inches per

year (Pettyjohn and others, 1983, p.42-43) and 38,450 acres of

alluvial deposits in the study area. These storage and recharge

estimates would change during development of the aquifer.

Development of pumping well fields would likely induce leakage from the adjoining Arkansas River and underlying bedrock

units, potentially providing more water than what is available in

the alluvial and terrace sediments.

Water Quality

Water-quality data from the Quaternary aquifer included

field measurements of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate. One hundred five waterquality samples were analyzed from the 46 test holes that produced enough water to sample (Appendix 2). Water samples

were collected from December 2001 to August 2002. Ninetyeight samples were from the alluvial deposits and seven were

from the terrace deposits. The terrace deposit locations that contained ground water were few, but were distributed across the

study area (figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12).

The National Primary Drinking Water Regulations and

National Secondary Drinking Water Standards are used to evaluate health risks and drinking water quality (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA], 2002). The primary regulations are enforceable for public water systems based on health

risks, while the secondary standards are guidelines for the aesthetic quality of drinking water.

Specific conductance is a measure of the ability of fluid to

transmit an electric current (Hem, 1992, p. 66). Specific conductance for all samples ranged from 161 to 6,650 microsiemens per centimeter (μS/cm). The median specific conductance

for the alluvium was 683 μS/cm and the median for the terrace

deposits was 263 μS/cm.

Specific conductance is directly proportional to dissolvedsolids concentration. Greater specific conductance values indicate greater dissolved solids. Dissolved-solids concentration in
Water Quality 13

96°59'59” 96°49'59”

36°40'01” 36°30'01”

96°59'59” 96°49'59” 96°59'59” 96°49'59”

36°40'01” 36°30'01”

Shallow Depth

(<10 feet below water table)

Medium Depth

(>10 to 20 feet below water table)

Deep Depth

(>20 feet below water table)

(National Secondary Drinking WaterStandard 500 milligrams per liter)

0 5 10 Miles0 5 10 Kilometers

Lakes

Quaternary Aquifer

Alluvial depositsTerrace depositsNo water in test hole

Estimated Dissolved Solids

<250 milligrams per liter250-500 milligrams per liter>500-1,000 milligrams per liter>1,000 milligrams per literNo water sample for this depth

Base from U.S. Geological Survey1:100,000, 1983Albers Equal-Area Projection, NAD83 datumBowen, 1918 and Bowen and others, 1919

OsageCounty

Figure 9. Estimated dissolved-solids concentrations, eastern map of the study area, western Osage County, Oklahoma; sampled December 2001 to August 2002.
14 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002

Shallow Depth

(<10 feet below water table)

Medium Depth

(>10 to 20 feet below water table)

Deep Depth

(>20 feet below water table)

96°39'59” 96°29'59”

36°30'01” 36°20'01”

96°39'59” 96°29'59” 96°39’59” 96°29'59”

36°30'01” 36°20'01”

Base from U.S. Geological Survey1:100,000, 1983Albers Equal-Area Projection, NAD83 datumBowen, 1918 and Bowen and others, 1919

0 5 10 Miles0 5 10 Kilometers

OsageCounty

(National Secondary Drinking WaterStandard 500 milligrams per liter)

Lakes

Quaternary Aquifer

Alluvial depositsTerrace depositsNo water in test hole

Estimated Dissolved Solids

<250 milligrams per liter250-500 milligrams per liter>500-1,000 milligrams per liter>1,000 milligrams per literNo water sample for this depth

Figure 10. Estimated dissolved-solids concentrations, eastern map of the study area, western Osage County, Oklahoma; sampled December 2001 to August 2002.
Water Quality 15

96°59'59” 96°49'59”

36°40'01” 36°30'01”

96°59'59” 96°49'59” 96°59'59” 96°49'59”

36°40'01” 36°30'01”

Shallow Depth

(<10 feet below water table)

Medium Depth

(>10 to 20 feet below water table)

Deep Depth

(>20 feet below water table)

(National Primary Drinking WaterRegulation 10 milligrams per liter)

Lakes

Quaternary Aquifer

Alluvial depositsTerrace depositsNo water in test hole

Nitrate Concentration

<2.5 milligrams per liter2.5-6 milligrams per liter>6 milligrams per literNo water sample for this depth

Field-screened

0 5 10 Miles0 5 10 Kilometers

Base from U.S. Geological Survey1:100,000, 1983Albers Equal-Area Projection, NAD83 datumBowen, 1918 and Bowen and others, 1919

OsageCounty

Figure 11. Field-screened nitrate concentrations, western map of the study area, western Osage County, Oklahoma; sampled December 2001 to August 2002.
16 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002

36°20'01”

96°39'59” 96°29'59”

36°30'01” 36°20'01”

96°39'59” 96°29'59” 96°39’59” 96°29'59”

36°30’01”

Shallow Depth

(<10 feet below water table)

Medium Depth

(>10 to 20 feet below water table)

Deep Depth

(>20 feet below water table)

(National Primary Drinking WaterRegulation 10 milligrams per liter)

Lakes

Quaternary Aquifer

Alluvial depositsTerrace depositsNo water in test hole

Nitrate Concentration

<2.5 milligrams per liter2.5-6 milligrams per liter>6 milligrams per literNo water sample for this depth

Field-screened

Base from U.S. Geological Survey1:100,000, 1983Albers Equal-Area Projection, NAD83 datumBowen, 1918 and Bowen and others, 1919

0 5 10 Miles0 5 10 Kilometers

OsageCounty

Figure 12. Field-screened nitrate concentrations, eastern map of the study area, western Osage County, Oklahoma; sampled December 2001 to August 2002.
Water Quality 17

milligrams per liter were estimated for the Quaternary aquifer

by multiplying the specific conductance values by 0.55. This

constant was determined by linear regression from water-quality data from domestic wells in the Quaternary aquifer in the

Osage Reservation (Abbott, 2000). Estimated dissolved-solids

concentration for the aquifer ranged from 88 to 3,658 mg/L

(Appendix 2). Estimated median dissolved-solids concentration

for the alluvium was 376 mg/L and for the terrace deposits was

145 mg/L. More than half of the samples from the Quaternary

aquifer were estimated to contain less than the Secondary

Drinking Water Standards recommendation of 500 mg/L for

dissolved solids (figs. 9 and 10).

 A pH of 7.0 indicates a neutral solution (Hem, 1992, p.

63). A pH greater than 7.0 indicates increasing alkalinity and

less than 7.0 indicates increasing acidity. Corrosiveness of

water generally increases with decreasing pH; however, excessively alkaline water also may attack metals. The National Secondary Drinking Water Standard recommends pH values in the

range of 6.5 to 8.5. The median pH in the aquifer was 6.9 and

ranged from 6.0 to 7.4 (Appendix 2).

Water-temperature values ranged from 12.0 to 28.1

degrees Celsius (°C), with a mean of 20 °C. Fifty percent of the

water-temperature values were between 18 and 21 °C.

Dissolved-oxygen concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 6.0

mg/L. More than fifty percent of the concentrations were

between 1.0 and 3.0 mg/L (Appendix 2). Median dissolvedoxygen concentration for the alluvium was 1.5 mg/L and for the

terrace deposits was 4.5 mg/L. Water recharging the aquifer can

contain oxygen similar to surface water in contact with the

atmosphere, which ranges from 7 to 13 mg/L (Hem, 1992,

p.155-156). Concentrations of dissolved oxygen less than 7 mg/

L are probably the result of microbial consumption of oxygen

or the reaction with organic matter or oxidizable minerals in the

aquifer (Hem, 1992, p.155-158).

Nitrogen is commonly associated with fertilizer, domestic

sewage, and animal waste contamination. Biochemical processes in treatment plants and soil convert ammonia and organic

nitrogen, the reduced forms of nitrogen found in fertilizer and

animal waste, to nitrite and nitrate (Becker and others, 2003).

The National Primary Drinking Water Regulations maximum

contaminant level (MCL) for nitrate is 10 mg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002). Nitrate concentration greater

than the MCL can cause methemoglobinemia, (blue-baby syndrome), an often fatal disease in infants, and water with nitrate

concentrations greater than the MCL should not be used in

infant feeding, by pregnant women, or by nursing mothers (U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency, 2002).

Field-screened nitrate concentrations of the 105 waterquality samples ranged from 0 to 15 mg/L (Appendix 2).

Median field-screened nitrate concentration for the alluvium

was 0.5 mg/L and for the terrace deposits was 3.0 mg/L. Nitrate

concentrations greater than 6 mg/L occurred mostly in the shallow and medium depths below the water table (figs. 11, 12, and

Appendix 2). At site 008A the nitrate concentration decreased

from 15.0 to 2.5 mg/L.

Ten of the 46 test holes were sampled a second time in

September 2002 to compare the field-screened nitrate values

with laboratory analyses from the USGS, National Water Quality Laboratory (table 1) and to evaluate changes in the nitrate

concentration with time. Hypothesis testing was used to determine if the water-quality samples from the first field screening,

second field screening, or the laboratory analysis were statistically different. The Wilcoxon rank sum test (Wilcoxon, 1945,

P-STAT, Inc., 1990), also called the Mann-Whitney test (Mann,

1945), was used because it is a nonparametric test that requires

no assumptions about the population distributions and is resistant to data outliers. The null hypothesis for the Wilcoxon rank

sum test is that the two data sets have the same median and distribution. The null hypothesis is rejected if the probability (pvalue) of the 2-sided test is less than or equal to 0.05 (95 percent

confidence of relation) The alternate hypothesis is that the data

groups are significantly different for that constituent.

There was no statistically significant difference between

the first field screening, second field screening, or the laboratory analysis. The p-value was 0.32 between the first and second field screening. This indicates that the values for the first

and second field screening were similar. The p-value was 0.57

between the first field screening and the laboratory analysis,

indicating that the values for the first field screening and the

laboratory analysis were similar. The p-value was 0.18 between

the second field screening and the laboratory analysis. If the pvalue was less than or equal to 0.05, then the field screening

methods would have been inconsistent with what the laboratory

reported and the two sample sets could not be compared. However, the field screening methods remained consistent to what

the laboratory reported and the two sample sets can be compared.

The field-screened nitrate concentrations for the second

sampling in September 2002 were less than the corresponding

laboratory reported concentrations for every sample pair. This

difference indicates the field-screened nitrate concentrations

were probably less than a laboratory analysis would report. To

quantify this difference, a linear regression of the two data sets

was created. The linear regression indicates a field-screened

concentration of about 6.2 mg/L would be approximately equivalent to a laboratory analysis of 10 mg/L or the Primary Drinking Water Regulation MCL (fig. 13). Therefore, any fieldscreened nitrate concentration greater than 6.0 mg/L could be

near the MCL or could be exceeding the MCL. During the initial sampling, five sample sites had nitrate concentrations

greater than 6.0 mg/L (table 1). Nine sites had similar nitrate

concentration values at both the initial and second samplings

(table 1).

Water-quality results indicate water in the Quaternary

aquifer could be suitable for drinking and/or irrigation supply.

Most areas in the aquifer contained nitrate and dissolved-solids

concentrations less than the MCL for drinking water regulations

and standards. Water in these areas could be used for public or

domestic drinking water supply. Isolated areas exist where concentrations of nitrate and dissolved solids exceed the MCL for
18 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002 Table 1. Comparison of field-screening data and laboratory data for nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen concentration from the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma [A, alluvium; T, terrace deposits; measurement in milligrams per liter] Local identifier

(figs. 2 and 3) Site identifier

1st sampling 2nd sampling

Date Field screening Date Field screening Laboratory

005A 361807096315705 01/09/02 5.0 09/24/02 2.0 4.3008A 362055096325408 01/18/02 15.0 09/24/02 3.0 5.7022A 362701096421922 03/01/02 0.0 09/26/02 0.0 0.8026A 362547096392226 03/19/02 10.0 09/26/02 10.0 14.3

039T 362842096545839 05/30/02 4.0 09/26/02 4.0 7.3

042A 362933096594942 06/05/02 15.0 09/25/02 16.0 22.6047A 362749096563447 06/07/02 4.0 09/26/02 4.0 5.4056A 363541097014356 06/26/02 8.0 09/25/02 6.0 7.4

078T 363544096593778 07/24/02 7.5 09/25/02 7.5 16.4

079A 363513096591579 07/24/02 4.0 09/25/02 2.5 5.6
Water Quality 19

0 5 10 15 20

NITRATE FIELD CONCENTRATIONS, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0

5

10

15

20

Primary Drinking Water Regulation

(maximum contaminant level)

Linear R egression Line

99% Confidence Interval

NITRATE LABORATORY CONCENTRATIONS, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Laboratory nitrate concentration of

10 milligrams per liter corresponds

to field nitrate concentration of

6.2 milligrams per liter

Figure 13. Comparison of field data and laboratory analysis for nitrate concentrations form the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma, September 2002.
20 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern Oklahoma, 2001-2002

drinking water regulations and standards. Water in those areas

could be used for irrigation and stock supply.

Summary

Additional sources of water are needed on the Osage Reservation for future growth and development. The Quaternary

aquifer along the Arkansas River in the Osage Reservation may

represent a substantial water resource, but limited amounts of

hydrogeologic data were available for the aquifer. The Quaternary aquifer covers about 116 square miles in the study area

along the Arkansas River in western Osage County. It consists

of alluvial and terrace deposits of sand, silt, clay, and gravel.

The contact between the alluvial and the terrace deposits, for

this report, is located where the slope changes from a low angle

on the alluvial deposits to a greater angle on the terrace deposits.

Recharge to the Quaternary aquifer in the Osage Reservation is

about 1.5 inches per year. Thickness of the alluvium ranges

from 13.7 to 49.8 feet. Thickness of the terrace deposits at the

sites ranges from 7 to 93.8 feet.

Data collected from 103 test holes included electrical conductivity logs, sediment cores, and water-quality measurements

of field parameters. Water levels were determined for 42 of the

52 test holes in the alluvial deposits, and for 7 of the 51 test

holes in terrace deposits. All test holes in the alluvial deposits

contained water, but water levels were not measured for 10 of

the 52 alluvial test holes because of complications in the field.

Although most of the test holes in terrace deposits were dry, five

of the test holes contained sufficient water for sampling.

The weighted-mean grain size for cores from the alluvium

ranged from 3.69 to 0.64 φ, (0.08-0.64 millimeters) and ranged

from 4.02 to 2.01 φ (0.06-0.25 millimeters) for cores from the

terrace deposits. The mean of the weighted-mean grain sizes for

the cores from the alluvium was 1.67 φ (0.31 millimeters), and

the terrace deposits was 2.73 φ (0.15 millimeters). The net sand

of the alluvium ranged from 0.7 to 47.5 feet with a median of

24.5 feet. The net sand of the terrace deposits ranged from 0.1

to 85.3 feet with a median of 30.9 feet. The calculated hydraulic

conductivity of the alluvium ranged from 2.9 to 6,000 feet per

day, and of the terrace deposits ranged from 2.9 to 430 feet per

day. The calculated transmissivity of the alluvium ranged from

2,000 to 26,000 feet squared per day, with a median of 5,100

feet squared per day. Given a specific yield of 20 percent,

38,450 acres of alluvial deposits in the study area, and an average saturated thickness of 25 feet, water in storage in the alluvium was estimated to be approximately 200,000 acre-feet. The

amount of water annually recharging the aquifer is approximately 4,800 acre-feet, given an estimated annual recharge of

1.5 inches per year and 38,450 acres of alluvium in the study

area.

Water-quality data from the Quaternary aquifer included

field measurements of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate (nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen). One hundred five water-quality samples were analyzed

from the 46 test holes that produced water.

Specific conductance ranged from 161 to 6,650 microsiemens per centimeter with a median of 683 microsiemens per

centimeter. Specific conductance is directly proportional to dissolved-solids concentration. The estimated dissolved-solids

concentration for the aquifer ranged from 88 to 3,658 milligrams per liter. Estimated median dissolved-solids concentration for the alluvial deposits determined by a relation to specific

conductance was 376 milligrams per liter and for the terrace

deposits was 145 milligrams per liter. More than half of the

samples from the Quaternary aquifer were estimated to contain

less than the secondary drinking water standard of 500 milligrams per liter dissolved solids.

Field-screened nitrate concentration values of the 105

water-quality samples ranged from 0 to 15 milligrams per liter.

Median field-screened nitrate concentration for the alluvial

deposits was 0.5 milligram per liter and for the terrace deposits

was 3.0 milligrams per liter. At site 008A the nitrate concentration decreased from 15.0 to 2.5 milligrams per liter.

The field-screened nitrate concentrations were less than

corresponding laboratory reported values. A linear regression

of the two data sets indicates a field-screened value of about 6.2

milligrams per liter would be approximately equivalent to a laboratory analysis of 10 milligrams per liter or the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for the Primary Drinking Water Regulation. Therefore, any field-screened nitrate concentration greater

than 6.0 milligrams per liter could be at or greater than the

MCL. During the initial sampling, five sample sites had nitrate

concentrations greater than 6.0 milligrams per liter. Nine sites

had similar nitrate concentration values at both the initial and

later samplings.

Water quality results indicate water in the Quaternary

aquifer could be suitable for drinking and/or irrigation supply.

Most areas in the aquifer contained nitrate and dissolved-solids

concentrations less than the MCL or National Drinking Water

Regulations and Secondary Drinking Water Standards. Water

in these areas could be used for public or domestic drinking

water supply. Isolated areas exist where concentrations of

nitrate and dissolved solids exceed the MCL for National

Drinking Water Regulations and Standards. Water in those

areas could be used for irrigation and stock supply.

Selected References

Abbott, M.M., 2000, Water quality of the Quaternary and AdaVamoosa Aquifers on the Osage Reservation, Osage County,

Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4231, 76 p.

Becker, M.F., Peter, K.D., and Masoner, Jason, 2003, Possible

sources of nitrate in ground water at swine licensed-managed

feeding operations in Oklahoma, 2001: U.S. Geological

Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4257, 76

p.
Selected References 21

Bingham, R.H., and Bergman, D.L., 1980, Reconnaissance of

the water resources of the Enid quadrangle, north-central

Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas

7, 4 sheets, scale 1:250,000.

Boggs, Sam Jr., 1995, Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy (2d ed.): Upper Saddle River, N.J., Prentice-Hall, p.

79-107.

Bowen, C.F., 1918, Structure and oil and gas resources of the

Osage Reservation, Oklahoma: Tps. 24, 25, and 26N., Rs. 6

and 7E., Tps. 25 and 26N., R. 5E., T. 26N., R.4E: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin Report B 0686-L, p. 137-148.

Bowen, C.F., Roundy, P.V., Ross, C.S., and Reeves, Frank.,

1919, Structure and oil and gas resources of the Osage Reservation, Oklahoma: Tps. 21, 22, and 23N., Rs. 6 and 7E.,

and Tps. 23, 24, and 25N., Rs. 3, 4, and 5E: U.S. Geological

Survey Bulletin Report B 0686-U, p. 279-301, 3 pls.

Collins, K.C., 1998, Permeability pathways in the Canadian

River alluvium adjacent to the Norman Landfill, Norman,

Oklahoma: Stillwater, Okla., Oklahoma State University,

master's thesis, 205 p.

Fetter, C.W., 1988, Applied hydrogeology (2d ed.): Columbus,

Ohio, Merrill Publishing Co., p. 81, 571, and 578.

Folk, R.L., 1968, Petrology of sedimentary rocks: Austin, Tex.,

Hemphill's, p. 41-48.

Hem, J.D., 1992, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (3d ed.): U.S. Geological Survey

Water-Supply Paper 2254, p. 63, 66, 155-158.

Mann, H.B., 1945, Nonparametric test against trend: Econometrica, v. 13, p. 245-259.

Oakes, M.C., 1952, Geology and mineral resources of Tulsa

County Oklahoma (includes part of adjacent counties), with

sections on Oil and gas, by Glenn S. Dill, and Water

resources, by John H. Warren: Oklahoma Geological Survey

Bulletin 69, p. 95-96.

Oklahoma Climatological Survey, 2002, Normal Annual Precipitation: accessed December 17, 2002, at http://climate.ocs.ou.edu/normals_extremes.html

P-STAT, Inc., 1990, P-STAT user's manual: P-STAT, Inc.,

Hopewell, N.J., v. 3, p. 45.17-45.19

Pettyjohn, W.A., White, H., and Dunn, S., 1983, Water Atlas of

Oklahoma: University Center for Water Research, Stillwater,

Okla., Oklahoma State University, p. 42-43.

Udden, J.A., 1914, Mechanical composition of clastic sediments: Geological Society of America Bulletin 25, p. 655-

744.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002, List of Drinking

Water Contaminants and MCLs: accessed December 3, 2002,

at http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw000/mcl.html

Vukovic, Milan, and Soro, Andjelko, 1992, Determination of

hydraulic conductivity of porous media from grain-size composition: Littleton, Colo., Water Resources Publications, 83

p.

Walton, W.C., 1970, Groundwater resource evaluation: New

York, McGraw-Hill, p. 34.

Wentworth, C.K., 1922, A scale of grade and class terms for

clastic sediments: Journal of Geology, v. 30, p. 377-392.

Wilcoxon, F., 1945, Individual comparisons by ranking methods: Biometrics, v. 1, p. 80-83.
22 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern Oklahoma, 2001-2002
Appendices
24 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern Oklahoma, 2001-2002
Appendices 25

Appendix 1. Test hole data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma[T, terrace deposits; A, alluvium; ddmmss.sss, degrees degrees minutes minutes seconds seconds decimal seconds seconds seconds; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; bls, below land surface; nw, no water; --, data not available]

Local

identifier (figs.

2 and 3)

Site identifier Local number

Latitude

(ddmmss.sss)

(NAD 83)

Longitude

(ddmmss.sss)

(NAD 83)

Hydrogeologic

unit

Total

depth

(feet

bls)

Depth to

water

(feet bls)

Cored

sites

Saturated thickness/

net sand/

total depth

(feet)

001T 362320096345801 22N-07E-17 BBC 1 362319.860 -963458.020 Terrace 27.4 nw Yes 0 / 25.9 / 27.4

002A 362246096343802 22N-07E-17 CDD 1 362246.180 -963438.818 Alluvium 30.6 11.7 Yes 18.9 / 28.1 / 30.6

003T 362301096342703 22N-07E-17 ACC 1 362301.725 -963427.248 Terrace 52.0 nw No 0 / 46.5 / 52.0004T 361829096305404 21N-07E-11 DDB 1 361829.479 -963054.010 Terrace 41.0 nw No 0 / 37.2 / 41.0

005A 361807096315705 21N-07E-15 AAA 1 361807.331 -963157.402 Alluvium 36.2 6 No 30.2 / 34.3 / 36.2006A 361855096340606 21N-07E-09 CAA 1 361855.174 -963406.769 Alluvium 29.9 4 No 25.9 / 10.7 / 29.9007A 361823096305407 21N-07E-11 DDD 1 361823.591 -963054.432 Alluvium 28.2 -- Yes --1 / 19.2 / 28.2

008A 362055096325408 22N-07E-03 CBC 1 362055.747 -963254.090 Alluvium 37.0 10.7 No 26.3 / 16.3 / 37.0

009T 361908096301809 21N-07E-01 CDD 1 361908.710 -963018.920 Terrace 41.0 nw Yes 0 / 40.3 / 41.0

010A 361937096295510 21N-07E-01 DAC 1 361937.830 -962955.910 Alluvium 32.0 -- Yes --1 / 9.4 / 32.0

011T 362428096345611 22N-07E-05 CCD 1 362428.630 -963456.530 Terrace 28.0 nw Yes 0 / 26.4 / 28.0012T 362433096363212 22N-06E-01 DCA 1 362433.630 -963632.660 Terrace 40.5 39.1 No 1.4 / 32.0 / 40.5013T 362510096355113 22N-07E-06 BAD 1 362510.230 -963551.390 Terrace 93.8 nw No 0 / 85.3 / 93.8

014A 362448096365814 22N-06E-01 CAD 1 362448.631 -963658.409 Alluvium 25.0 12.3 No 12.7 / 20.3 / 25.0

015T 362509096342715 22N-07E-05 ABA 1 362509.678 -963427.226 Terrace 73.0 nw No 0 / 40.2 / 73.0

016A 362343096332016 22N-07E-09 DCA 1 362343.551 -963320.247 Alluvium 37.0 13.4 No 23.6 / 37.0 / 37.0017A 362255096354617 22N-07E-18 CAB 1 362255.030 -963546.680 Alluvium 48.0 16.2 No 31.8 / 36.7 / 48.0018A 362342096360618 22N-07E-07 CCC 1 362342.180 -963606.780 Alluvium 21.9 15.2 No 6.7 / 1.1 / 21.9

019T 361842096314919 21N-07E-11 CBA 1 361842.120 -963149.660 Terrace 8.0 nw No 0 / 8.0 / 8.0020T 361841096305220 21N-07E-11 DAA 1 361841.490 -963052.740 Terrace 56.3 nw No 0 / 56.3 / 56.3
26 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002

021T 361916096310621 21N-07E-02 DDC 1 361916.362 -963106.493 Terrace 8.0 nw No 0 / 6.8 / 8.0

022A 362701096421922 23N-06E-19 CDC 1 362701.480 -964219.280 Alluvium 44.5 -- Yes --1 / 44.5 / 44.5

023T 362611096405723 23N-06E-29 DCD 1 362611.952 -964057.113 Terrace 37.8 12.7 No 25.1 / 36.1 / 37.8024T 362553096395624 23N-06E-33 BAD 1 362553.210 -963956.270 Terrace 63.0 nw No 0 / 54.9 / 63.0025T 362607096383825 23N-06E-27 DCD 1 362607.630 -963838.215 Terrace 23.0 17.1 No 5.9 / 17.8 / 23.0

026A 362547096392226 23N-06E-33 ADA 1 362547.940 -963922.400 Alluvium 40.5 13.8 Yes 26.0 / 37.8 / 40.5

027T 362708096402427 23N-06E-21 CCB 1 362708.082 -964024.509 Terrace 33.8 nw Yes 0 / 17.3 / 33.8028T 362606096371428 23N-06E-26 DDD 1 362606.227 -963714.334 Terrace 43.0 nw Yes 0 / 24.5 / 43.0029T 362642096365529 23N-06E-25 BAC 1 362642.423 -963655.086 Terrace 16.0 nw No 0 / 1.4 / 16.0030T 362708096412130 23N-06E-20 CCA 1 362708.341 -964121.990 Terrace 44.2 nw No 0 / 24.1 / 44.2031T 362631096375331 23N-06E-26 CAA 1 362631.393 -963753.537 Terrace 42.0 nw No 0 / 32.6 / 42.0032T 363029096413232 24N-06E-32 CCC 1 363029.190 -964132.450 Terrace 37.0 -- No --1 / 28.5 / 37.0033T 363052096410233 24N-06E-32 BDD 1 363052.170 -964102.090 Terrace 23.2 nw No 0 / 2.4 / 23.2034T 363210096392734 24N-06E-28 AAA 1 363210.080 -963927.670 Terrace 7.0 nw No 0 / 0.1 / 7.0035T 362842096574035 23N-03E-10 DDD 1 362842.150 -965740.470 Terrace 55.0 16.8 Yes 38.2 / 43.5 / 55.0036T 362932096584236 23N-03E-10 BBB 1 362932.620 -965842.080 Terrace 80.2 nw No 0 / 70.4 / 80.2037T 363025096573737 23N-03E-02 BBB 1 363025.184 -965737.674 Terrace 73.8 nw No 0 / 37.3 / 73.8038T 362841096563538 23N-03E-14 AAA 1 362841.080 -965635.390 Terrace 65.5 nw No 0 / 55.5 / 65.5039T 362842096545839 23N-04E-07 CDD 1 362842.506 -965458.603 Terrace 44.0 21.2 Yes 22.8 / 36.4 / 44.0

040A 362815096545040 23N-04E-18 ACC 1 362815.674 -965450.088 Alluvium 30.6 15.8 No 14.8 / 21.3 / 30.6

041T 362842096532241 23N-04E-08 DDD 1 362842.909 -965322.234 Terrace 33.0 nw No 0 / 32.0 / 33.0

042A 362933096594942 23N-03E-08 AAA 1 362933.265 -965949.837 Alluvium 44.5 13.4 No 31.1 / 40.4 / 44.5

Appendix 1. Test hole data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma—Continued.[T, terrace deposits; A, alluvium; ddmmss.sss, degrees degrees minutes minutes seconds seconds decimal seconds seconds seconds; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; bls, below land surface; nw, no water; --, data not available]

Local

identifier (figs.

2 and 3)

Site identifier Local number

Latitude

(ddmmss.sss)

(NAD 83)

Longitude

(ddmmss.sss)

(NAD 83)

Hydrogeologic

unit

Total

depth

(feet

bls)

Depth to

water

(feet bls)

Cored

sites

Saturated thickness/

net sand/

total depth

(feet)
Appendices 27

043T 363025096563543 23N-03E-35 DDD 1 363025.945 -965635.512 Terrace 62.9 nw No 0 / 30.9 / 62.9044T 363024096584444 23N-03E-03 BBB 1 363024.907 -965844.104 Terrace 92.5 nw No 0 / 62.3 / 92.5

045A 363108096000245 24N-03E-32 AAD 1 363108.402 -970002.571 Alluvium 41.9 10.1 Yes 31.8 / 41.6 / 41.9

046T 362935096563546 23N-03E-02 DDD 1 362935.067 -965635.029 Terrace 66.9 nw No 0 / 45.8 / 66.9

047A 362749096563447 23N-03E-14 DDD 1 362749.329 -965634.544 Alluvium 48.2 15.0 Yes 33.1 / 42.6 / 48.2

048T 362011096322148 24N-07E-34 DCA 1 362011.363 -963221.848 Terrace 19.8 nw No 0 / 11.7 / 19.8049T 363957097020549 25N-02E-12 AAB 1 363957.503 -970205.889 Terrace 73.6 nw No 0 / 30.2 / 73.6050T 363837097002850 25N-03E-17 BDC 1 363837.789 -970028.362 Terrace 51.4 nw No 0 / 0.7 / 51.4

051A 364024097033451 25N-02E-02 DBB 1 364024.779 -970334.063 Alluvium 39.2 14.4 No 24.8 / 38.8 / 39.2052A 363840097024552 25N-02E-13 BCD 1 363840.549 -970245.660 Alluvium 30.5 9.7 No 20.8 / 21.4 / 30.5

053T 363924097010453 25N-03E-07 DBD 1 363924.955 -970104.470 Terrace 45.5 nw Yes 0 / 0.3 / 45.5

054A 363655097014454 25N-03E-30 CBB 1 363655.919 -970144.946 Alluvium 44.3 35.3 No 9.0 / 17.6 / 44.3055A 363655097024855 25N-02E-25 CBB 1 363655.235 -970248.666 Alluvium 40.9 10.3 No 30.6 / 28.6 / 40.9056A 363541097014356 25N-03E-31 CCB 1 363541.364 -970143.923 Alluvium 37.8 11.1 Yes 26.7 / 31.8 / 37.8057A 363604097001257 25N-03E-32 ACC 1 363604.272 -970012.672 Alluvium 35.0 9.8 No 25.2 / 33.0 / 35.0

058T 364110097022758 26N-02E-36 CAA 1 364110.811 -970227.718 Terrace 75.6 nw No 0 / 62.7 / 75.6

059A 364054097031959 26N-02E-35 DBD 1 364054.609 -970319.854 Alluvium 20.2 8.3 No 11.9 / 17.9 / 20.2060A 363030096431260 24N-05E-36 CDD 1 363030.190 -964312.922 Alluvium 38.9 9.1 No 29.8 / 35.7 / 38.9

061T 363242096430861 24N-05E-24 ACB 1 363242.587 -964308.781 Terrace 49.4 nw No 0 / 11.5 / 49.4

062A 363235096420862 24N-06E-19 BDD 1 363235.931 -964208.682 Alluvium 35.0 19.5 No 15.5 / 6.4 / 35.0063A 363248096440063 24N-05E-14 DCC 1 363248.456 -964400.050 Alluvium 40.7 12.4 No 28.3 / 38.6 / 40.7064A 363349096444764 24N-05E-15 AAA 1 363349.332 -964447.496 Alluvium 30.0 12.0 No 18.0 / 18.7 / 30.0

Appendix 1. Test hole data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma—Continued.[T, terrace deposits; A, alluvium; ddmmss.sss, degrees degrees minutes minutes seconds seconds decimal seconds seconds seconds; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; bls, below land surface; nw, no water; --, data not available]

Local

identifier (figs.

2 and 3)

Site identifier Local number

Latitude

(ddmmss.sss)

(NAD 83)

Longitude

(ddmmss.sss)

(NAD 83)

Hydrogeologic

unit

Total

depth

(feet

bls)

Depth to

water

(feet bls)

Cored

sites

Saturated thickness/

net sand/

total depth

(feet)
28 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002

065A 363358096463965 24N-05E-09 CCD 1 363358.652 -964639.416 Alluvium 35.2 7.4 No 27.8 / 31.9 / 35.2066A 363057096505001 24N-04E-35 BDD 1 363057.745 -965050.079 Alluvium 18.9 11.0 No 7.9 / 12.9 / 18.9067A 363409096414501 24N-06E-07 DAD 1 363409.616 -964145.230 Alluvium 29.0 nw No 0 / 2.1 / 29.0068A 363508096424601 24N-05E-01 DAB 1 363508.146 -964246.608 Alluvium 24.5 nw No 0 / 2.2 / 24.5069A 363521096442501 24N-05E-02 BDB 1 363521.937 -964425.491 Alluvium 33.9 nw No 0 / 5.4 / 33.9070A 363308096535001 24N-04E-17 DDB 1 363308.827 -965350.073 Alluvium 47.2 13.6 No 33.6 / 21.2 / 47.2071A 363253096552701 24N-04E-19 BBC 1 363253.709 -965527.129 Alluvium 38.0 16.2 Yes 21.8 / 29.4 / 38.0072A 363541096534701 25N-04E-32 DCB 1 363541.628 -965347.334 Alluvium 37.0 14.2 No 22.8 / 25.4 / 37.0

073T 363627096555401 25N-03E-36 ABB 1 363627.750 -965554.621 Terrace 64.1 nw No 0 / 40.8 / 64.1

074A 363604096554101 25N-03E-36 ACD 1 363604.930 -965541.813 Alluvium 41.0 13.0 No 28.0 / 37.4 / 41.0

075T 363618096573301 25N-03E-35 BBC 1 363618.278 -965733.063 Terrace 66.6 nw No 0 / 41.7 / 66.6

076A 363158096574301 24N-03E-27 AAC 1 363158.728 -965743.698 Alluvium 43.8 10.6 No 33.2 / 23.6 / 43.8077A 363542096573301 25N-03E-35 CCC 1 363542.489 -965733.706 Alluvium 43.0 17.3 No 25.7 / 28.7 / 43.0

078T 363544096593778 25N-03E-33 CCC 1 363544.978 -965937.079 Terrace 31.3 11.3 No 20.0 / 26.2 / 31.3

079A 363513096591579 24N-03E-04 BDD 1 363513.546 -965915.077 Alluvium 43.7 13.8 No 29.9 / 39.8 / 43.7

080T 363632096584501 25N-03E-28 DDD 1 363632.175 -965845.022 Terrace 64.8 nw No 0 / 35.1 / 64.8

081A 363740097025201 25N-02E-24 CBB 1 363740.881 -970252.416 Alluvium 48.8 14 No 34.8 / 42.4 / 48.8

082T 364054097015201 26N-03E-31 CCC 1 364054.108 -970152.820 Terrace 42.3 nw Yes 0 / 21.0 / 42.3

083A 363932097033001 25N-02E-11 BDD 1 363932.374 -970330.566 Alluvium 36.9 11 No 25.9 / 34.2 / 36.9084A 364148097015601 26N-02E-25 DDD 1 364148.085 -970156.371 Alluvium 15.7 12.7 No 3.0 / 15.7 / 15.7085A 364110096594101 26N-03E-33 CBC 1 364110.053 -965941.037 Alluvium 28.1 12.1 No 16.0 / 21.9 / 28.1

086T 363815096572201 25N-03E-14 CCD 1 363815.148 -965722.998 Terrace 15.1 nw No 0 / 0.2 / 15.1

Appendix 1. Test hole data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma—Continued.[T, terrace deposits; A, alluvium; ddmmss.sss, degrees degrees minutes minutes seconds seconds decimal seconds seconds seconds; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; bls, below land surface; nw, no water; --, data not available]

Local

identifier (figs.

2 and 3)

Site identifier Local number

Latitude

(ddmmss.sss)

(NAD 83)

Longitude

(ddmmss.sss)

(NAD 83)

Hydrogeologic

unit

Total

depth

(feet

bls)

Depth to

water

(feet bls)

Cored

sites

Saturated thickness/

net sand/

total depth

(feet)
Appendices 29

087T 363912096562101 25N-03E-12 CCA 1 363912.520 -965621.187 Terrace 16.1 nw No 0 / 0.5 / 16.1

088A 364148096552901 26N-03E-25 DDA 1 364148.740 -965529.700 Alluvium 43.7 20.7 No 23.0 / 43.1 / 43.7089A 364048096544201 25N-04E-06 ABB 1 364048.190 -965442.610 Alluvium 13.7 nw No 0 / 1.0 / 13.7

090T 363954096554101 25N-03E-12 ABB 1 363954.060 -965541.710 Terrace 10.0 nw No 0 / 0.2 / 10.0091T 364028096585401 25N-03E-03 BCB 1 364028.680 -965854.080 Terrace 60.7 10.7 No 8.1 / 19.8 / 60.7

092A 364056096570201 26N-03E-35 DDD 1 364056.930 -965702.860 Alluvium 18.8 nw Yes 0 / 0.7 / 18.8

093T 363959096573001 25N-03E-02 CCC 1 363959.910 -965730.570 Terrace 26.0 nw No 0 / 0.1 / 26.0094T 363818096562101 25N-03E-13 CCC 1 363818.330 -965621.690 Terrace 20.8 nw Yes 0 / 0.1 / 20.8

095A 362909096522101 23N-04E-09 ADC 1 362909.370 -965221.100 Alluvium 27.5 11.0 No 16.5 / 17.2 / 27.5096A 363312096481301 24N-05E-18 DDB 1 363312.710 -964813.680 Alluvium 33.8 10.9 No 22.9 / 21.2 / 33.8

097T 362933096525597 23N-04E-09 BAB 1 362933.150 -965255.510 Terrace 56.7 nw No 0 / 34.4 / 56.7

098A 361818096305201 21N-07E-11 DDC 1 361818.160 -963052.670 Alluvium 35.3 10.2 No 25.1 / 17.5 / 35.3099A 361820096305201 21N-07E-11 DDC 1 361820.410 -963052.820 Alluvium 28.5 11.1 No 17.4 / 15.0 / 28.5100A 362729096563901 23N-03E-23 ADD 1 362729.060 -965639.850 Alluvium 49.8 -- No --1 / 47.5 / 49.8

101A 362804096563301 23N-03E-13 CBC 1 362804.160 -965633.780 Alluvium 43.0 -- No --1 / 29.6 / 43.0

102T 362809096563201 23N-03E-13 CBC 1 362809.980 -965632.800 Terrace 37.0 nw No 0 / 34.4 / 37.0103T 362825096563001 23N-03E-13 BCB 1 362825.570 -965630.790 Terrace 46.5 nw No 0 / 39.1 / 46.5

1depth to water not measured

Appendix 1. Test hole data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma—Continued.[T, terrace deposits; A, alluvium; ddmmss.sss, degrees degrees minutes minutes seconds seconds decimal seconds seconds seconds; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; bls, below land surface; nw, no water; --, data not available]

Local

identifier (figs.

2 and 3)

Site identifier Local number

Latitude

(ddmmss.sss)

(NAD 83)

Longitude

(ddmmss.sss)

(NAD 83)

Hydrogeologic

unit

Total

depth

(feet

bls)

Depth to

water

(feet bls)

Cored

sites

Saturated thickness/

net sand/

total depth

(feet)
30 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002 Appendix 2. Water-quality data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma, 2001-2002 [A, alluvium; T, terrace deposits; Sample depth, deepest depth of screened interval during sampling; bls, below land surface; oC, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; mg/ L, milligrams per liter; nitrates are from first sampling, before September, 2002] Local

identifier

(figs. 2

and 3)

Site identifier Date sampled Sample depth (feet bls) pH (standard units) Water temperature

(

oC)

Specific

conductance

(μS/cm)

Dissolved

oxygen

(mg/L)

Estimated

dissolved solids

(mg/L)

Nitrate

dissolved

(mg/L)

002A 362246096343802 12/20/01 15.0 6.9 18.0 311 1.0 171 0.0005A 361807096315705 01/09/02 22.0 7.2 20.1 244 3.0 134 5.0005A 361807096315705 01/09/02 36.0 7.3 25.3 487 2.0 268 0.0006A 361855096340606 01/10/02 29.9 6.9 15.5 298 4.0 164 2.5007A 361823096305407 01/18/02 18.0 7.0 13.5 242 1.0 133 0.0007A 361823096305407 01/18/02 28.2 6.9 14.3 161 2.5 88 1.0008A 362055096325408 01/18/02 14.0 6.6 12.2 1,235 1.5 679 15008A 362055096325408 01/18/02 22.0 7.2 12.0 1,312 1.0 722 2.5008A 362055096325408 01/18/02 37.0 7.1 13.4 1,824 2.0 1,003 0.0010A 361937096295510 01/21/01 12.0 6.5 17.9 6,650 5.0 3,658 0.0010A 361937096295510 01/21/01 20.0 6.8 17.8 3,434 0.5 1,889 0.0010A 361937096295510 01/21/01 32.0 6.2 15.4 2,411 2.5 1,326 0.0014A 362448096365814 02/13/02 15.0 6.8 15.3 522 1.5 287 0.0014A 362448096365814 02/13/02 25.0 6.6 15.1 384 1.0 211 0.0016A 362343096332016 02/22/02 16.0 7.0 15.1 523 0.5 288 0.0016A 362343096332016 02/22/02 26.0 7.2 16.7 423 0.5 233 0.0016A 362343096332016 02/22/02 37.8 7.3 15.8 431 0.5 237 0.0017A 362255096354617 02/25/02 20.0 7.0 12.5 600 6.0 330 5.0
Appendices 31

017A 362255096354617 02/25/02 33.0 7.0 14.2 693 0.5 381 3.5017A 362255096354617 02/25/02 48.0 7.1 15.0 683 1.0 376 0.0022A 362701096421922 04/01/02 22.0 6.8 20.0 755 1.0 415 0.0022A 362701096421922 04/01/02 34.0 7.0 21.7 805 1.0 443 0.0022A 362701096421922 04/01/02 45.5 7.0 21.2 822 1.0 452 0.0

023T 362611096405723 04/01/02 37.8 6.6 19.0 230 5.0 127 0.5

026A 362547096392226 04/19/02 16.0 6.7 19.3 717 3.5 394 10.0026A 362547096392226 04/19/02 28.0 7.1 20.1 628 1.5 345 5.0026A 362547096392226 04/19/02 40.0 7.1 22.1 598 0.5 329 2.5

032T 363029096413232 05/15/02 14.0 6.3 17.8 247 3.0 136 2.5035T 362842096574035 05/30/02 24.0 6.0 18.9 281 4.0 155 5.0039T 362842096545839 05/30/02 26.0 6.7 24.4 264 4.5 145 4.0039T 362842096545839 05/30/02 34.0 6.8 28.0 260 5.0 143 2.5039T 362842096545839 05/30/02 42.0 6.8 24.7 279 4.0 154 3.0

040A 362815096545040 05/28/02 24.0 6.7 17.5 643 1.0 354 2.5040A 362815096545040 05/28/02 30.6 6.7 17.9 726 1.0 399 2.5042A 362933096594942 06/05/02 14.0 6.3 21.0 433 3.0 238 15.0042A 362933096594942 06/05/02 26.0 6.9 20.3 395 3.0 217 5.0042A 362933096594942 06/05/02 44.0 7.3 20.1 487 3.0 268 7.5

Appendix 2. Water-quality data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma, 2001-2002—Continued.[A, alluvium; T, terrace deposits; Sample depth, deepest depth of screened interval during sampling; bls, below land surface; oC, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter; nitrates are from first sampling, before September, 2002]

Local

identifier

(figs. 2

and 3)

Site identifier Date sampled Sample depth (feet bls) pH (standard units) Water temperature (oC) Specific conductance (μS/cm) Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) Estimated dissolved solids (mg/L) Nitrate dissolved (mg/L)
32 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002

045A 363108096000245 06/06/02 10.0 7.1 17.5 638 3.0 351 8.0045A 363108096000245 06/06/02 26.0 7.2 17.5 962 1.0 529 7.0045A 363108096000245 06/06/02 41.9 7.3 18.4 900 1.0 495 3.0047A 362749096563447 06/07/02 14.0 7.3 18.7 698 4.0 384 4.0047A 362749096563447 06/07/02 36.0 7.1 21.2 534 0.5 294 0.0047A 362749096563447 06/07/02 46.0 7.0 20.6 560 0.5 308 0.0051A 364024097033451 06/24/02 18.0 6.8 19.0 600 1.0 330 2.5051A 364024097033451 06/24/02 30.0 6.8 21.1 486 0.5 268 0.0051A 364024097033451 06/24/02 40.0 6.8 21.2 503 0.5 277 0.0052A 363840097024552 06/24/02 14.0 6.8 19.6 337 3.0 185 2.0052A 363840097024552 06/24/02 22.0 7.0 19.5 980 0.5 539 0.0055A 363655097024855 06/25/02 18.0 7.2 17.7 636 1.0 350 0.0055A 363655097024855 06/25/02 30.0 7.2 17.9 702 1.0 386 0.0055A 363655097024855 06/25/02 38.0 7.2 17.9 899 1.0 494 0.0056A 363541097014356 06/26/02 10.0 7.1 20.9 825 3.0 454 6.0056A 363541097014356 06/26/02 22.0 6.8 20.5 850 0.5 468 8.0056A 363541097014356 06/26/02 34.0 7.2 20.1 743 1.5 409 1.0057A 363604097001257 06/26/02 22.0 6.7 28.1 506 3.0 278 3.0059A 364054097031959 06/27/02 10.0 7.0 18.2 621 6.0 342 2.5

Appendix 2. Water-quality data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma, 2001-2002—Continued.[A, alluvium; T, terrace deposits; Sample depth, deepest depth of screened interval during sampling; bls, below land surface; oC, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter; nitrates are from first sampling, before September, 2002]

Local

identifier

(figs. 2

and 3)

Site identifier Date sampled Sample depth (feet bls) pH (standard units) Water temperature

(

oC)

Specific

conductance

(μS/cm)

Dissolved

oxygen

(mg/L)

Estimated

dissolved solids

(mg/L)

Nitrate

dissolved

(mg/L)
Appendices 33

059A 364054097031959 06/27/02 20.2 7.3 17.4 593 0.5 326 0.0060A 363030096431260 07/02/02 14.0 6.6 19.0 643 1.0 354 1.0060A 363030096431260 07/02/02 26.0 6.8 19.9 1,165 1.0 641 0.0060A 363030096431260 07/02/02 38.0 6.8 19.3 1,292 1.0 711 0.0062A 363235096420862 07/08/02 26.0 7.1 20.8 1,433 1.0 788 0.0063A 363248096440063 07/08/02 18.0 6.8 20.6 909 4.5 500 1.5063A 363248096440063 07/08/02 28.0 6.8 23.6 1,072 1.0 590 0.0063A 363248096440063 07/08/02 38.0 7.2 25.3 1,201 1.0 661 0.0064A 363349096444764 07/08/02 14.0 6.9 20.8 1,041 1.0 573 0.0064A 363349096444764 07/08/02 22.0 7.0 20.0 942 1.0 518 0.0064A 363349096444764 07/08/02 28.7 7.0 18.8 937 1.0 515 0.0065A 363358096463965 07/09/02 14.0 6.9 21.2 709 1.0 390 0.0065A 363358096463965 07/09/02 24.0 7.0 20.2 722 1.5 397 0.0065A 363358096463965 07/09/02 34.0 6.8 20.9 732 1.0 403 0.0066A 363057096505001 07/09/02 14.0 6.8 21.4 582 2.0 346 0.5070A 363308096535001 07/12/02 22.0 6.8 19.3 1,137 1.5 625 0.0070A 363308096535001 07/12/02 34.0 6.5 19.6 1,528 1.5 840 0.0070A 363308096535001 07/12/02 46.0 6.5 19.6 1,913 1.5 1,052 0.0071A 363253096552701 07/18/02 18.0 6.9 19.3 1,056 1.5 644 1.0

Appendix 2. Water-quality data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma, 2001-2002—Continued.[A, alluvium; T, terrace deposits; Sample depth, deepest depth of screened interval during sampling; bls, below land surface; oC, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter; nitrates are from first sampling, before September, 2002]

Local

identifier

(figs. 2

and 3)

Site identifier Date sampled Sample depth (feet bls) pH (standard units) Water temperature (oC) Specific conductance (μS/cm) Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) Estimated dissolved solids (mg/L) Nitrate dissolved (mg/L)
34 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002

071A 363253096552701 07/18/02 34.0 7.3 19.7 1,486 1.0 817 0.0072A 363541096534701 07/18/02 14.0 6.8 23.1 617 3.5 336 3.0072A 363541096534701 07/18/02 34.0 7.1 25.0 652 4.0 359 1.0074A 363604096554101 07/23/02 14.0 6.8 21.4 621 2.0 342 2.5074A 363604096554101 07/23/02 38.0 7.1 26.8 813 3.5 447 2.0076A 363158096574301 07/23/02 18.0 6.8 18.4 1,464 2.0 805 0.0076A 363158096574301 07/23/02 30.0 6.8 18.1 1,625 1.0 894 0.0076A 363158096574301 07/23/02 42.0 7.4 18.1 1,691 1.0 930 0.0077A 363542096573301 07/23/02 18.0 6.8 19.5 595 4.0 327 0.0077A 363542096573301 07/23/02 30.0 6.8 18.8 771 2.5 424 2.5077A 363542096573301 07/23/02 42.0 7.0 22.5 754 2.0 415 3.5

078T 363544096593778 07/24/02 26.0 6.8 19.9 388 5.0 213 7.5

079A 363513096591579 07/24/02 14.0 6.8 21.0 588 3.0 323 4.0079A 363513096591579 07/24/02 30.0 7.2 26.7 581 1.0 320 3.5079A 363513096591579 07/24/02 42.0 7.2 23.2 688 2.0 378 3.0081A 363740097025201 07/25/02 14.0 7.2 20.6 639 4.0 351 2.0081A 363740097025201 07/25/02 30.0 7.3 21.6 957 0.5 526 0.0081A 363740097025201 07/25/02 46.0 7.4 21.0 994 0.5 547 0.0083A 363932097033001 07/26/02 14.0 6.8 19.9 740 1.0 407 2.5

Appendix 2. Water-quality data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma, 2001-2002—Continued.[A, alluvium; T, terrace deposits; Sample depth, deepest depth of screened interval during sampling; bls, below land surface; oC, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter; nitrates are from first sampling, before September, 2002]

Local

identifier

(figs. 2

and 3)

Site identifier Date sampled Sample depth (feet bls) pH (standard units) Water temperature

(

oC)

Specific

conductance

(μS/cm)

Dissolved

oxygen

(mg/L)

Estimated

dissolved solids

(mg/L)

Nitrate

dissolved

(mg/L)
Appendices 35

083A 363932097033001 07/26/02 24.0 7.2 20.0 679 1.0 373 1.0083A 363932097033001 07/26/02 34.0 7.2 21.0 737 1.0 405 0.5084A 364148097015601 07/26/02 14.0 6.8 20.7 688 3.0 378 3.0085A 364110096594101 08/16/02 16.0 6.8 20.1 736 1.0 405 1.0088A 364148096552901 08/26/02 24.0 7.0 24.7 638 1.0 351 2.0088A 364148096552901 08/26/02 40.0 7.1 22.9 661 2.0 364 0.0095A 362909096522101 08/28/02 20.0 6.7 21.4 392 1.5 215 2.5095A 362909096522101 08/28/02 24.0 7.0 21.2 369 2.0 203 2.5096A 363312096481301 08/28/02 20.0 6.9 22.4 851 4.5 468 1.0096A 363312096481301 08/28/02 26.0 7.0 20.5 765 3.5 421 1.0096A 363312096481301 08/28/02 32.0 6.8 21.5 801 2.0 441 0.0

Appendix 2. Water-quality data for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma, 2001-2002—Continued.[A, alluvium; T, terrace deposits; Sample depth, deepest depth of screened interval during sampling; bls, below land surface; oC, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter; nitrates are from first sampling, before September, 2002]

Local

identifier

(figs. 2

and 3)

Site identifier Date sampled Sample depth (feet bls) pH (standard units) Water temperature (oC) Specific conductance (μS/cm) Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) Estimated dissolved solids (mg/L) Nitrate dissolved (mg/L)
36 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002

Appendix 3. Sieve data and calculated hydraulic conductivity for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma

[T, terrace deposits; A, alluvium; *, data not included because of small grain size; Φ10, negative log2 of the grain size in millimeters of the 10 percentile finer by

weight; Diameter10, diameter of the 10 percentile finer by weight; cm, centimeters; ft/d, feet per day]

Local identifier

(figs. 2 and 3)

Sample depth

(feet) Φ10 Diameter10

(cm)

Hydraulic

conductivity

(ft/d)

001T 1.0 4.6 0.00412 3.9

001T 3.0 4.4 0.00474 5.1

001T 5.0 4.7 0.00385 3.4

001T 7.0 4.7 0.00385 3.4

001T 10.0 3.8 0.00718 12

001T 11.0 4.2 0.00544 6.7

001T 13.0 3.6 0.00825 15

001T 15.0 4.8 0.00359 2.9

001T 17.0 4.7 0.00385 3.4

001T 19.0 3.8 0.00718 12

001T 20.0 4.8 0.00359 2.9

001T 23.0 3.8 0.00718 12

001T 24.0 3.8 0.00718 12

002A 2.0 4.7 0.00385 3.4

002A 6.0 4.8 0.00359 2.9

002A 9.5 4.6 0.00412 3.9

002A 13.0 3.6 0.00825 15

002A 15.0 4.0 0.00625 8.9

002A 16.0 3.4 0.00947 20

002A 20.0 1.8 0.02872 190

002A 22.0 3.0 0.01250 35

002A 22.5 3.8 0.00718 12

002A 23.0 0.8 0.05743 750

002A 24.0 1.3 0.04061 370

002A 28.0 2.0 0.02500 140

007A 4.5 4.6 0.00412 3.9

007A 20.0 3.9 0.00670 10

007A 24.0 0.9 0.05359 650

007A 28.0 1.8 0.02872 190

009T 0.5 4.7 0.00385 3.4

009T 1.5 4.7 0.00385 3.4

009T 8.0 2.8 0.01436 47
Appendices 37

009T 12.0 2.8 0.01436 47

009T 16.0 2.8 0.01436 47

009T 22.0 3.4 0.00947 20

009T 24.0 3.7 0.00769 13

009T 26.5 2.8 0.01436 47

009T 30.5 3.0 0.01250 35

010A 14.0 3.8 0.00718 12

010A 16.0 2.6 0.01649 62

010A 20.0 2.3 0.02031 93

010A 22.0 0.9 0.05359 650

011T 1.0 4.3 0.00508 5.8

011T 3.0 4.7 0.00385 3.4

011T 5.0 4.8 0.00359 2.9

011T 9.0 4.6 0.00412 3.9

011T 14.0 4.6 0.00412 3.9

011T 19.0 4.7 0.00385 3.4

011T 24.0 3.5 0.00884 18

011T 28.0 2.6 0.01649 62

022A 3.0 4.8 0.00359 2.9

022A 4.0 4.6 0.00412 3.9

022A 8.0 2.9 0.01340 41

022A 12.0 3.8 0.00718 12

022A 15.0 2.9 0.01340 41

022A 16.0 2.2 0.02176 110

022A 20.0 1.7 0.03078 210

022A 24.0 1.9 0.02679 160

022A 28.0 1.3 0.04061 370

022A 35.0 -0.4 0.13195 3,900

022A 40.0 1.5 0.03536 280

022A 44.0 1.3 0.04061 370

026A 6.0 3.0 0.01250 35

026A 14.0 2.5 0.01768 71

Appendix 3. Sieve data and calculated hydraulic conductivity for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma—Continued.

[T, terrace deposits; A, alluvium; *, data not included because of small grain size; Φ10, negative log2 of the grain size in millimeters of the 10 percentile finer by

Local identifier

(figs. 2 and 3)

Sample depth

(feet) Φ10 Diameter10

(cm)

Hydraulic

conductivity

(ft/d)
38 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002

026A 20.0 2.9 0.01340 41

026A 28.0 1.9 0.02679 160

026A 32.0 1.6 0.03299 250

026A 38.0 1.6 0.03299 250

027T 4.0 4.2 0.00544 6.7

027T 8.0 3.4 0.00947 20

027T 12.0 3.0 0.01250 35

027T 17.0 3.0 0.01250 35

027T 23.0 3.4 0.00947 20

028T 1.0 4.6 0.00412 3.9

028T 4.0 2.8 0.01436 47

028T 12.0 4.1 0.00583 7.7

028T 16.0 3.4 0.00947 20

028T 24.0 2.9 0.01340 41

028T 35.7 3.7 0.00769 13

028T 38.0 1.2 0.04353 430

028T 39.7 1.4 0.03789 330

035T 1.0 4.6 0.00412 3.9

035T 4.0 2.7 0.01539 54

035T 8.0 2.9 0.01340 41

035T 12.0 3.7 0.00769 13

035T 16.0 4.3 0.00508 5.8

035T 23.0 4.0 0.00625 8.9

035T 24.0 4.0 0.00625 8.9

035T 28.0 4.4 0.00474 5.1

035T 32.0 3.6 0.00825 15

035T 40.0 4.6 0.00412 3.9

035T 44.0 3.3 0.01015 23

035T 47.0 3.8 0.00718 12

035T 50.0 3.0 0.01250 35

039T 4.0 4.1 0.00600 8.2

039T 8.0 4.8 0.00359 2.9

Appendix 3. Sieve data and calculated hydraulic conductivity for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma—Continued.

[T, terrace deposits; A, alluvium; *, data not included because of small grain size; Φ10, negative log2 of the grain size in millimeters of the 10 percentile finer by

Local identifier

(figs. 2 and 3)

Sample depth

(feet) Φ10 Diameter10

(cm)

Hydraulic

conductivity

(ft/d)
Appendices 39

039T 13.0 4.4 0.00474 5.1

039T 20.0 4.1 0.00583 7.7

039T 24.0 2.8 0.01436 47

039T 28.0 4.1 0.00583 7.7

039T 32.0 2.9 0.01340 41

039T 36.0 2.9 0.01340 41

039T 40.0 2.0 0.02500 140

045A 1.5 3.8 0.00718 12

045A 4.0 2.7 0.01539 54

045A 8.0 2.9 0.01340 41

045A 16.0 1.8 0.02872 190

045A 20.0 2.6 0.01649 62

045A 22.0 4.4 0.00474 5.1

045A 28.0 1.7 0.03078 210

045A 32.0 0.9 0.05359 650

045A 41.9 1.0 0.05000 570

047A 1.0 4.6 0.00412 3.9

047A 20.0 2.9 0.01340 41

047A 16.0 2.6 0.01649 62

047A 26.0 1.7 0.03078 210

047A 35.5 2.9 0.01340 41

047A 39.0 1.2 0.04353 430

047A 42.0 0.9 0.05359 650

047A 44.0 1.9 0.02679 160

047A 47.8 1.7 0.03078 210

053T * * * *

056A 8.0 2.9 0.01340 41

056A 12.0 3.1 0.01166 31

056A 16.0 2.3 0.02031 94

056A 23.0 -0.7 0.16245 6,000

056A 24.0 2.9 0.01340 41

056A 33.0 2.8 0.01436 47

Appendix 3. Sieve data and calculated hydraulic conductivity for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma—Continued.

[T, terrace deposits; A, alluvium; *, data not included because of small grain size; Φ10, negative log2 of the grain size in millimeters of the 10 percentile finer by

Local identifier

(figs. 2 and 3)

Sample depth

(feet) Φ10 Diameter10

(cm)

Hydraulic

conductivity

(ft/d)
40 Aquifer Characteristics, Water Availability, and Water Quality of the Quaternary Aquifer, Osage County, Northeastern

Oklahoma, 2001-2002

056A 37.0 2.8 0.01436 47

071A 1.0 4.1 0.00583 7.7

071A 4.0 4.7 0.00385 3.4

071A 16.0 3.4 0.00947 20

071A 20.0 2.0 0.02500 140

071A 24.0 2.6 0.01649 62

071A 28.0 2.3 0.02031 94

071A 38.0 1.4 0.03789 330

082T 1.0 4.4 0.00474 5.1

082T 4.0 4.2 0.00544 6.7

082T 24.0 3.8 0.00718 12

082T 28.0 2.9 0.01340 41

092A * * * *

094T * * * *

Appendix 3. Sieve data and calculated hydraulic conductivity for the Quaternary aquifer, western Osage County, Oklahoma—Continued.

[T, terrace deposits; A, alluvium; *, data not included because of small grain size; Φ10, negative log2 of the grain size in millimeters of the 10 percentile finer by

Local identifier

(figs. 2 and 3)

Sample depth

(feet) Φ10 Diameter10

(cm)

Hydraulic

conductivity

(ft/d)
Appendices 41