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[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 5335 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>

118th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 5335

 To provide for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other 
programs of the Department of Agriculture through fiscal year 2029, and 
                          for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           November 18, 2024

 Ms. Stabenow introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
   referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
 To provide for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other 
programs of the Department of Agriculture through fiscal year 2029, and 
                          for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Rural Prosperity 
and Food Security Act of 2024''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definition of Secretary.
                          TITLE I--COMMODITIES

                      Subtitle A--Commodity Policy

Sec. 1101. Definitions.
Sec. 1102. Base acres.
Sec. 1103. Payment yields.
Sec. 1104. Payment acres.
Sec. 1105. Producer election.
Sec. 1106. Price loss coverage.
Sec. 1107. Agriculture risk coverage.
                      Subtitle B--Marketing Loans

Sec. 1201. Loan rates.
Sec. 1202. Textile mills.
Sec. 1203. Extensions.
                           Subtitle C--Sugar

Sec. 1301. Sugar policy.
                           Subtitle D--Dairy

Sec. 1401. Dairy Margin Coverage.
Sec. 1402. Dairy products donation program.
Sec. 1403. Reauthorizations.
Sec. 1404. Related provisions.
Subtitle E--Supplemental and Emergency Agricultural Disaster Assistance 
                                Programs

Sec. 1501. Definitions; conforming amendments.
Sec. 1502. Supplemental agricultural disaster assistance.
Sec. 1503. Emergency relief program.
                 Subtitle F--Noninsured Crop Assistance

Sec. 1601. Noninsured crop assistance program.
                       Subtitle G--Administration

Sec. 1701. Regulations.
Sec. 1702. Suspension of permanent price support authority.
Sec. 1703. Ineligibility of land owned by foreign persons for program 
                            benefits.
Sec. 1704. Adjusted gross income limitation.
Sec. 1705. Farm program implementation coordination.
Sec. 1706. Legal entities.
Sec. 1707. Geographically disadvantaged farmers and ranchers.
Sec. 1708. Limitation on Commodity Credit Corporation authority.
                    Subtitle H--Emergency Assistance

Sec. 1801. Emergency assistance.
                         TITLE II--CONSERVATION

Sec. 2001. Definitions.
                    Subtitle A--Wetland Conservation

Sec. 2101. Mitigation banking.
 Subtitle B--Conservation Reserve Program (including Farmable Wetland 
                                Program)

Sec. 2201. Conservation reserve.
Sec. 2202. Conservation reserve enhancement program.
Sec. 2203. Farmable wetland program.
Sec. 2204. Special programs.
Sec. 2205. Conservation reserve easements.
Sec. 2206. Duties of the Secretary.
Sec. 2207. Payments.
Sec. 2208. Contracts.
 Subtitle C--Environmental Quality Incentives Program and Conservation 
                          Stewardship Program

            PART I--Environmental Quality Incentives Program

Sec. 2301. Purposes.
Sec. 2302. Definitions.
Sec. 2303. Establishment and administration.
Sec. 2304. Environmental quality incentives program plan.
Sec. 2305. Limitation on payments.
Sec. 2306. Conservation innovation grants and payments.
               PART II--Conservation Stewardship Program

Sec. 2311. Definitions.
Sec. 2312. Stewardship contracts.
Sec. 2313. Duties of the Secretary.
Sec. 2314. On-farm conservation stewardship innovation grants.
                Subtitle D--Other Conservation Programs

Sec. 2401. Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act.
Sec. 2402. Soil and water resources conservation.
Sec. 2403. Emergency conservation programs.
Sec. 2404. Conservation of private grazing land.
Sec. 2405. Grassroots source water protection program.
Sec. 2406. Voluntary public access and habitat incentive program.
Sec. 2407. Feral swine eradication and control program.
Sec. 2408. Report on small wetlands.
Sec. 2409. Terminal lakes assistance.
Sec. 2410. Colorado salinity control units.
Sec. 2411. Chesapeake Bay States' Partnership Initiative.
Sec. 2412. Driftless area landscape conservation initiative.
Sec. 2413. Expansion of NRCS snow survey and water supply forecasting.
                 Subtitle E--Funding and Administration

Sec. 2501. Commodity Credit Corporation.
Sec. 2502. Delivery of technical assistance.
Sec. 2503. Administrative requirements for conservation programs.
Sec. 2504. Best practices guidance for solar energy land management.
         Subtitle F--Agricultural Conservation Easement Program

Sec. 2601. Definitions.
Sec. 2602. Agricultural land easements.
Sec. 2603. Wetland reserve easements.
Sec. 2604. Administration.
         Subtitle G--Regional Conservation Partnership Program

Sec. 2701. Establishment and purposes.
Sec. 2702. Definitions.
Sec. 2703. Regional conservation partnerships.
Sec. 2704. Assistance to producers.
Sec. 2705. Funding.
Sec. 2706. Administration.
Sec. 2707. Critical conservation areas.
                            TITLE III--TRADE

                     Subtitle A--Food for Peace Act

Sec. 3101. United States policy.
Sec. 3102. Provision of agricultural commodities.
Sec. 3103. Levels of assistance.
Sec. 3104. Food Aid Consultative Group.
Sec. 3105. Issuance of regulations.
Sec. 3106. Oversight, monitoring, and evaluation.
Sec. 3107. Assistance for stockpiling and rapid transportation, 
                            delivery, and distribution of shelf-stable 
                            prepackaged foods.
Sec. 3108. Definitions.
Sec. 3109. Use of Commodity Credit Corporation.
Sec. 3110. Administrative provisions.
Sec. 3111. Deadline for agreements to finance sales or to provide other 
                            assistance.
Sec. 3112. Funds for emergency and nonemergency food assistance.
Sec. 3113. Micronutrient fortification programs.
Sec. 3114. John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter Farmer-to-Farmer Program.
Sec. 3115. Technical corrections.
               Subtitle B--Agricultural Trade Act of 1978

Sec. 3201. Preserving foreign markets for goods using common names.
Sec. 3202. Technical assistance to improve infrastructure in foreign 
                            markets for United States agricultural 
                            commodities.
Sec. 3203. Report on competitiveness of United States exports of 
                            specialty crops.
Sec. 3204. Agricultural trade promotion and facilitation.
Sec. 3205. Interagency seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetable 
                            working group.
               Subtitle C--Other Agricultural Trade Laws

Sec. 3301. Food for Progress Act of 1985.
Sec. 3302. Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act.
Sec. 3303. Promotion of agricultural exports to emerging markets.
Sec. 3304. Growing American food exports.
Sec. 3305. International food security technical assistance.
Sec. 3306. McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child 
                            Nutrition Program.
Sec. 3307. Global Crop Diversity Trust.
Sec. 3308. Local and regional food aid procurement projects.
Sec. 3309. International agricultural education fellowship program.
                          TITLE IV--NUTRITION

         Subtitle A--Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Sec. 4101. Ensuring transparency and accountability in thrifty food 
                            plan.
Sec. 4102. Food distribution program on Indian reservations.
Sec. 4103. Income exclusion for military basic allowance for housing.
Sec. 4104. SNAP materials for health care professionals.
Sec. 4105. College students.
Sec. 4106. Improvements to SNAP employment and training.
Sec. 4107. Ensuring EBT integrity.
Sec. 4108. Retail food stores.
Sec. 4109. Improving customer service to retail food stores.
Sec. 4110. Restoring SNAP benefits for drug-related convictions.
Sec. 4111. Streamlining SNAP applications.
Sec. 4112. Improving State administration and quality control.
Sec. 4113. Process and technology innovation grants.
Sec. 4114. Elderly simplified application option.
Sec. 4115. Hot foods.
Sec. 4116. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 4117. Inclusion of Puerto Rico in supplemental nutrition 
                            assistance program.
Sec. 4118. Assistance for community food projects.
Sec. 4119. Nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program.
Sec. 4120. Retail food store and recipient trafficking.
             Subtitle B--Emergency Food Assistance Program

Sec. 4201. TEFAP farm-to-food bank projects.
Sec. 4202. Kosher, Halal, and culturally relevant foods projects.
Sec. 4203. Flexibilities for geographically isolated States and Indian 
                            tribes.
Sec. 4204. Fresh produce procurement option.
Sec. 4205. Emergency food assistance for Indian tribes.
Sec. 4206. Emergency food assistance.
              Subtitle C--Commodity Distribution Programs

Sec. 4301. Commodity distribution program.
Sec. 4302. Commodity supplemental food program.
Sec. 4303. Distribution of surplus commodities to special nutrition 
                            projects.
                       Subtitle D--Miscellaneous

Sec. 4401. Senior farmers' market nutrition program.
Sec. 4402. Purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables for distribution to 
                            schools and service institutions.
Sec. 4403. Gus Schumacher nutrition incentive program.
Sec. 4404. Healthy dairy nutrition incentives projects.
Sec. 4405. Healthy food financing initiative.
Sec. 4406. Microgrants for food security.
Sec. 4407. Study and report on nutrition programs in geographically 
                            isolated States.
Sec. 4408. Streamlining application process for direct marketing 
                            farmers in nutrition programs.
Sec. 4409. Nutrition security report.
Sec. 4410. Senior nutrition task force.
Sec. 4411. Technical corrections.
Sec. 4412. Effective date.
                            TITLE V--CREDIT

                    Subtitle A--Farm Ownership Loans

Sec. 5101. Modification of experience eligibility requirement for farm 
                            ownership loans.
Sec. 5102. Conservation and Precision Agriculture Loan and Loan 
                            Guarantee Program.
Sec. 5103. Limitations on amount of farm ownership loans.
Sec. 5104. Refinancing of guaranteed loans into direct loans.
Sec. 5105. Down payment loan program.
Sec. 5106. Support for resolving ownership and succession issues 
                            relating to farmland.
                      Subtitle B--Operating Loans

Sec. 5201. Limitation on amount of operating loans.
Sec. 5202. Eligibility for operating loans.
Sec. 5203. Microloans.
                      Subtitle C--Emergency Loans

Sec. 5301. Emergency loan determination factors.
Sec. 5302. Eligibility for assistance based on production loss.
                 Subtitle D--Administrative Provisions

Sec. 5401. Distressed borrowers.
Sec. 5402. Beginning farmer and rancher individual development accounts 
                            pilot program.
Sec. 5403. Loan authorization levels.
Sec. 5404. Definition of qualified beginning farmer or rancher.
Sec. 5405. Loan fund set-asides.
Sec. 5406. Temporary prohibition of loans to borrowers that have 
                            received debt forgiveness.
Sec. 5407. Guaranteed farmer program loan applications.
                       Subtitle E--Miscellaneous

Sec. 5501. Technical corrections.
Sec. 5502. Qualifying agricultural mediation programs.
Sec. 5503. Financing for essential rural community facilities.
Sec. 5504. Qualified loan definition.
Sec. 5505. Eligibility for water and wastewater disposal facility 
                            loans.
                      TITLE VI--RURAL DEVELOPMENT

               Subtitle A--Rural Healthcare and Childcare

Sec. 6101. Improving rural healthcare.
Sec. 6102. Improving rural childcare.
Sec. 6103. Access to credit for rural healthcare and childcare.
             Subtitle B--Rural Partnerships and Prosperity

Sec. 6201. Definitions.
Sec. 6202. Rural partnership program grants.
Sec. 6203. Rural partnership technical assistance grants.
Sec. 6204. Rural Partners Network.
Sec. 6205. Funding.
             Subtitle C--Rural Electrification Act of 1936

                     PART I--Rural Broadband Access

Sec. 6301. ReConnect Program.
Sec. 6302. Expansion of middle mile infrastructure into rural areas.
Sec. 6303. Innovative Broadband Advancement Program.
Sec. 6304. Community Connect Grant Program.
                     PART II--Additional Amendments

Sec. 6311. Guarantees for bonds and notes issued for electrification or 
                            telephone purposes.
Sec. 6312. Rural development loans and grants.
Sec. 6313. Expansion of 911 access.
        Subtitle D--Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act

Sec. 6401. Water, waste disposal, and wastewater facility grants.
Sec. 6402. SEARCH grants.
Sec. 6403. Rural water and wastewater technical assistance and training 
                            programs.
Sec. 6404. Rural water and wastewater circuit rider program.
Sec. 6405. Rural water and wastewater cybersecurity circuit rider 
                            program.
Sec. 6406. Tribal college and university essential community 
                            facilities.
Sec. 6407. Essential community facilities technical assistance and 
                            training.
Sec. 6408. Emergency preparedness and response technical assistance 
                            program.
Sec. 6409. Assistance to provide water and wastewater services in 
                            financially distressed rural areas.
Sec. 6410. Emergency and imminent community water assistance grant 
                            program.
Sec. 6411. Additional assistance for rural water systems.
Sec. 6412. Water systems for rural and native villages in Alaska.
Sec. 6413. Rural decentralized water systems.
Sec. 6414. Healthy drinking water affordability assistance program.
Sec. 6415. Rural business and industry guaranteed loans.
Sec. 6416. Solid waste management grants.
Sec. 6417. Rural business development grants.
Sec. 6418. Rural cooperative development grants.
Sec. 6419. Locally or regionally produced agricultural food products.
Sec. 6420. Appropriate technology transfer for rural areas program.
Sec. 6421. Rural economic area partnership zones.
Sec. 6422. Intermediary relending program.
Sec. 6423. Rural Business-Cooperative Service programs technical 
                            assistance and training.
Sec. 6424. National Rural Development Partnership.
Sec. 6425. Grants for NOAA weather radio transmitters.
Sec. 6426. Rural microentrepreneur assistance program.
Sec. 6427. Health care services.
Sec. 6428. Strategic community investment plans.
Sec. 6429. Rural innovation stronger economy grant program.
Sec. 6430. Rural business investment program.
Sec. 6431. Investments in rural infrastructure.
                       Subtitle E--Miscellaneous

Sec. 6501. Distance learning and telemedicine.
Sec. 6502. Last acre projects.
Sec. 6503. Food supply chain guaranteed loan and grant program.
Sec. 6504. Agriculture Innovation Center Demonstration Program.
Sec. 6505. Rural energy savings program.
Sec. 6506. Technical corrections.
          TITLE VII--RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND RELATED MATTERS

  Subtitle A--National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching 
                           Policy Act of 1977

Sec. 7101. National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and 
                            Economics Advisory Board.
Sec. 7102. Specialty crop committee.
Sec. 7103. Grants and fellowships for food and agriculture sciences 
                            education.
Sec. 7104. Agricultural and food policy research centers.
Sec. 7105. Education grants to Alaska Native serving institutions and 
                            Native Hawaiian serving institutions.
Sec. 7106. Nutrition education program.
Sec. 7107. Continuing animal health and disease research programs.
Sec. 7108. Extension at 1890 land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee 
                            University.
Sec. 7109. Agricultural research at 1890 land-grant colleges, including 
                            Tuskegee University.
Sec. 7110. Scholarships for students at 1890 Institutions.
Sec. 7111. Grants to upgrade agricultural and food sciences facilities 
                            at 1890 land-grant colleges, including 
                            Tuskegee University.
Sec. 7112. Grants to upgrade agriculture and food sciences facilities 
                            and equipment at insular area land-grant 
                            institutions.
Sec. 7113. Research and extension activities at 1890 Institutions.
Sec. 7114. New beginning for Tribal students.
Sec. 7115. Hispanic-serving institutions.
Sec. 7116. International agriculture partnerships and grants program.
Sec. 7117. Research equipment grants.
Sec. 7118. University research.
Sec. 7119. Cooperative extension service.
Sec. 7120. Supplemental and alternative crops.
Sec. 7121. New Era Rural Technology Program.
Sec. 7122. Capacity building grants for NLGCA institutions.
Sec. 7123. Agriculture Advanced Research and Development Authority.
Sec. 7124. Capacity building grants for community college agricultural 
                            programs.
Sec. 7125. Agricultural Innovation Corridors.
Sec. 7126. National agroforestry survey.
Sec. 7127. Aquaculture assistance programs.
Sec. 7128. Rangeland research programs.
Sec. 7129. Special authorization for biosecurity planning and response.
Sec. 7130. Distance education and resident instruction grants program 
                            for insular area institutions of higher 
                            education.
   Subtitle B--Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

Sec. 7201. Best utilization of biological applications.
Sec. 7202. Integrated management systems.
Sec. 7203. Sustainable agriculture technology development and transfer 
                            program.
Sec. 7204. National training program.
Sec. 7205. National Genetics Resources Program.
Sec. 7206. National Agricultural Weather Information System.
Sec. 7207. Agricultural genome to phenome initiative.
Sec. 7208. High-priority research and extension initiatives.
Sec. 7209. Organic agriculture research and extension initiative.
Sec. 7210. Enhanced coordination of organic agriculture research.
Sec. 7211. Farm business management.
Sec. 7212. Urban, indoor, and other emerging agricultural production 
                            research, education, and extension 
                            initiative.
Sec. 7213. Centers of Excellence at 1890 Institutions.
Sec. 7214. Assistive technology program for farmers with disabilities.
Sec. 7215. National Rural Information Center Clearinghouse.
Subtitle C--Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act 
                                of 1998

Sec. 7301. National food safety training, education, extension, 
                            outreach, and technical assistance program.
Sec. 7302. Integrated research, education, and extension competitive 
                            grants program.
Sec. 7303. Support for research regarding diseases of wheat, triticale, 
                            and barley caused by Fusarium graminearum 
                            or by Tilletia indica.
Sec. 7304. Grants for youth organizations.
Sec. 7305. Specialty crop research initiative.
Sec. 7306. Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database program.
Sec. 7307. Office of Pest Management Policy.
Sec. 7308. Forestry products advanced utilization research.
         Subtitle D--Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

                     PART I--Agricultural Security

Sec. 7401. Agricultural biosecurity communication center.
Sec. 7402. Assistance to build local capacity in agricultural 
                            biosecurity planning, preparation, and 
                            response.
Sec. 7403. Research and development of agricultural countermeasures.
Sec. 7404. Agricultural biosecurity grant program.
                   PART II--Miscellaneous Provisions

Sec. 7411. Grazinglands research laboratory.
Sec. 7412. Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network.
Sec. 7413. Natural products research program.
Sec. 7414. Sun grant program.
                       Subtitle E--Other Matters

Sec. 7501. Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research.
Sec. 7502. Heirs property and fractionated land legal clinics.
Sec. 7503. Critical Agricultural Materials Act.
Sec. 7504. Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994.
Sec. 7505. Report on the extension service needs of Tribal lands and 
                            populations.
Sec. 7506. Restoration of 4-H name and emblem authority.
Sec. 7507. Amendments to the Hatch Act.
Sec. 7508. Research Facilities Act.
Sec. 7509. Public cultivar development.
Sec. 7510. Agriculture and Food Research Initiative.
Sec. 7511. Extension Design and Demonstration Initiative.
Sec. 7512. Biomass research and development.
Sec. 7513. Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978.
Sec. 7514. National Aquaculture Act of 1980.
Sec. 7515. Federal agriculture research facilities.
Sec. 7516. Enhanced use lease authority program.
Sec. 7517. Agrivoltaic systems.
Sec. 7518. Department of Agriculture, Department of Energy, and 
                            National Science Foundation joint research 
                            and development activities.
Sec. 7519. National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Economic 
                            Development Administration partnership on 
                            cooperative extension activities.
                          TITLE VIII--FORESTRY

                 Subtitle A--Forest Data Modernization

Sec. 8101. Forest inventory and analysis.
Sec. 8102. Data on forest management projects.
Sec. 8103. Forest and wood products carbon provision.
                Subtitle B--Forest Health and Management

Sec. 8201. Definition of National Forest System.
                   PART I--Forest Service Management

Sec. 8211. Hazardous fuel reduction on Federal land.
Sec. 8212. Insect infestations and related diseases.
Sec. 8213. Insect and disease treatment areas.
Sec. 8214. Study on protection of forests from invasive species.
Sec. 8215. Forest Service participation in ACES Program.
Sec. 8216. Tribal consultation in land use plans.
Sec. 8217. Prescribed fire centers.
Sec. 8218. Cost-share waiver for rehabilitation from wildland fires.
Sec. 8219. Utility infrastructure rights-of-way vegetation management 
                            pilot program.
Sec. 8220. Permits and agreements with electric utilities.
            PART II--State, Private, and Tribal Partnerships

Sec. 8231. Support for State assessments and strategies for forest 
                            resources.
Sec. 8232. State and private forest landscape-scale restoration 
                            program.
Sec. 8233. Promoting cross-boundary wildfire mitigation.
Sec. 8234. Water Source Protection Program.
Sec. 8235. Watershed condition framework.
Sec. 8236. Tribal forest protection management activities and projects.
Sec. 8237. Incorporation of Tribal management plans.
Sec. 8238. Healthy forests reserve program.
Sec. 8239. Authorization for lease of Forest Service sites.
Sec. 8240. Modification of good neighbor authority.
Sec. 8241. GAO reports on good neighbor authority.
Sec. 8242. Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program.
Sec. 8243. Joint Chiefs Landscape Restoration Partnership program.
Sec. 8244. Emergency forest watershed program.
Sec. 8245. Emergency Forest Restoration Program.
Sec. 8246. Nursery and seed orchard support.
Sec. 8247. Contracts, grants, and agreements to carry out certain 
                            ecosystem restoration activities.
                      PART III--Timber Innovation

Sec. 8261. Wood Innovations Grant Program.
Sec. 8262. Community Wood Facilities Grant Program.
Sec. 8263. Report on use of mass timber in construction of Federal 
                            facilities.
                    Subtitle C--Forest Conservation

Sec. 8301. National and Regional Agroforestry Centers.
Sec. 8302. American forest farming association.
Sec. 8303. Rural Forest Market Investment Program.
Sec. 8304. Forest Service Legacy Road and Trail Remediation Program.
                     Subtitle D--Land Designations

Sec. 8401. Chester County reversionary and mineral interests release.
Sec. 8402. Rough Mountain Wilderness and Rich Hole Wilderness 
                            designations.
Sec. 8403. Benjamin Harrison National Recreation Area and Wilderness.
Sec. 8404. Shenandoah Mountain National Scenic Area.
Sec. 8405. Flatside-Bethune Wilderness.
Sec. 8406. Shawnee National Forest designations.
Sec. 8407. Patrick Leahy Wilderness.
Sec. 8408. Black River State Forest release of reversionary interest.
Sec. 8409. Benton Mackaye National Scenic Trail feasibility study.
                       Subtitle E--Other Matters

Sec. 8501. Urban and Community Forestry.
Sec. 8502. National Forest Foundation Act.
Sec. 8503. Conveyance of Forest Service administrative sites.
Sec. 8504. Rural revitalization technologies.
Sec. 8505. Resource Advisory Committees.
Sec. 8506. Rapid Ohia Death.
Sec. 8507. Civilian Conservation Centers.
Sec. 8508. Special use authorization rental fee waivers.
Sec. 8509. Special forest products program.
Sec. 8510. Technical corrections.
                            TITLE IX--ENERGY

Sec. 9001. Definitions.
Sec. 9002. Biobased markets program.
Sec. 9003. Biorefinery, renewable chemical, and biobased product 
                            manufacturing assistance.
Sec. 9004. Bioenergy program for advanced biofuels.
Sec. 9005. Biodiesel fuel education program.
Sec. 9006. Rural Energy for America Program.
Sec. 9007. Feedstock flexibility program for bioenergy producers.
Sec. 9008. Biomass crop assistance program.
Sec. 9009. Carbon utilization and biogas education program.
Sec. 9010. Agrivoltaic system projects.
Sec. 9011. Industrial heat pump program.
                         TITLE X--HORTICULTURE

Sec. 10001. Specialty crops market news allocation.
Sec. 10002. Food loss and waste process verification.
Sec. 10003. Local Agriculture Market Program.
Sec. 10004. Local food purchase assistance cooperative agreements.
Sec. 10005. Organic market development grant.
Sec. 10006. Organic production and market data initiatives.
Sec. 10007. National organic program.
Sec. 10008. Assessment of national organic program enforcement 
                            authority.
Sec. 10009. National organic certification cost-share program.
Sec. 10010. Food safety education initiatives.
Sec. 10011. Specialty crop block grants.
Sec. 10012. Multiple crop and pesticide use survey.
Sec. 10013. Defining plant biostimulants.
Sec. 10014. Soil health study.
Sec. 10015. Report on plant-incorporated protectants.
Sec. 10016. Hemp production.
Sec. 10017. FIFRA interagency working group.
Sec. 10018. Interstate movement outside of the continental United 
                            States.
Sec. 10019. Plant pest and disease management and disaster prevention.
Sec. 10020. Agriculture quarantine and inspection program reserve fee.
                        TITLE XI--CROP INSURANCE

                   Subtitle A--Producer Affordability

Sec. 11101. Enhancing subsidies for beginning and veteran farmers and 
                            ranchers.
Sec. 11102. Higher area-based premium subsidy option.
Sec. 11103. Expansion of performance-based discount.
Sec. 11104. Higher premium subsidy rates.
         Subtitle B--Producer Accessibility and Representation

Sec. 11201. Composition of Federal Crop Insurance Corporation Board.
Sec. 11202. Ensuring access for producers.
Sec. 11203. Improvements to whole farm and micro farm insurance plans.
Sec. 11204. Research and development of new crops and coverages.
Sec. 11205. Risk management education and outreach.
Sec. 11206. Underserved producers report.
Sec. 11207. Voluntary good farming practices.
Sec. 11208. State cover crop and soil health matching payments.
Sec. 11209. Enterprise units for fallow and continuous practices.
Sec. 11210. Eligibility for prevented planting insurance under certain 
                            drought conditions.
                Subtitle C--Agent Incentives and Options

Sec. 11301. Option for Corporation to underwrite policies.
Sec. 11302. Updates to administrative and operating subsidies.
                      Subtitle D--Specialty Crops

Sec. 11401. Specialty Crop Insurance Advisory Committee.
Sec. 11402. Addition and expansion of specialty crop policies.
Sec. 11403. Priorities for private development of new policies and 
                            expansion of existing policies.
Sec. 11404. Advance payments for specialty crop insurance policies in 
                            development.
Sec. 11405. Priorities for internal development of new policies and 
                            expansion of existing policies.
                     Subtitle E--Program Integrity

Sec. 11501. Actuarial soundness of Federal crop insurance program.
Sec. 11502. Rating methodology and data reporting updates.
Sec. 11503. Data analytics and improvement.
Sec. 11504. Reimbursement of privately developed plans.
Sec. 11505. Standard reinsurance agreement negotiation.
Sec. 11506. Protection against retaliation.
                       Subtitle F--Other Matters

Sec. 11601. Native sod.
Sec. 11602. Technical amendments.
                        TITLE XII--MISCELLANEOUS

                         Subtitle A--Livestock

Sec. 12101. Animal disease prevention and management.
Sec. 12102. Sheep production and marketing grant program.
Sec. 12103. Resources and grant program for small and medium poultry 
                            and meat establishments.
Sec. 12104. Exemption for meat processors of livestock market ownership 
                            under the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921.
Sec. 12105. Prompt payment.
Sec. 12106. Animal disease regional export ban agreements.
Sec. 12107. Office of the Special Investigator for Competition Matters.
Sec. 12108. Product of USA label.
Sec. 12109. Cattle contracts library.
Sec. 12110. Livestock consolidation research.
             Subtitle B--Historically Underserved Producers

Sec. 12201. Farming opportunities training and outreach.
Sec. 12202. Strengthening the transparency and accountability report.
Sec. 12203. USDA Ombudsperson.
Sec. 12204. Farmland ownership.
Sec. 12205. Civil rights accountability for USDA employees.
Sec. 12206. Equitable relief recommendations by the Assistant Secretary 
                            for Civil Rights.
Sec. 12207. Advisory committee improvements and transparency.
Sec. 12208. Office of Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production.
Sec. 12209. Office of Small Farms.
Sec. 12210. Strengthening the farm and food system workforce.
Sec. 12211. Grocery, farm, and food worker stabilization grant program.
Sec. 12212. Tribal Advisory Committee; Tribal self-determination pilot 
                            projects.
Sec. 12213. Tribal promise zones.
   Subtitle C--Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 
                               Amendments

Sec. 12301. Cost-benefit analyses.
Sec. 12302. Offices of Customer Experience and Digital Service.
Sec. 12303. Food loss and waste.
Sec. 12304. Housing and Urban Development Liaison.
Sec. 12305. Hubs for mitigation of and adaptation to climate change.
Sec. 12306. Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Sec. 12307. Office of the Chief Scientist.
Sec. 12308. Regional food business centers.
Sec. 12309. Aquaculture Liaison.
Sec. 12310. Termination of authority.
                Subtitle D--Agriculture and Food Defense

Sec. 12401. Amendments to the Agricultural Foreign Investment 
                            Disclosure Act of 1978.
Sec. 12402. National plant diagnostic network.
Sec. 12403. Office of Homeland Security.
Sec. 12404. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 12405. Risk assessment on cybersecurity-related threats to 
                            agriculture and food systems.
               Subtitle E--Other Miscellaneous Provisions

Sec. 12501. Maple Research and Market Promotion Program.
Sec. 12502. Protecting animals with shelter.
Sec. 12503. Beagle Brigade.
Sec. 12504. Importation of dogs into the United States.
Sec. 12505. Veterinary medicine loan repayment program and veterinary 
                            services grant program.
Sec. 12506. Report on animal depopulation.
Sec. 12507. Retirement of research animals.
Sec. 12508. Strengthening enforcement of Animal Welfare Act.
Sec. 12509. Dairy business innovation initiatives.
Sec. 12510. Marketing orders.
Sec. 12511. Farmer Seed Liaison.
Sec. 12512. Procurement study and report.
Sec. 12513. Promotion of food and agricultural workplace 
                            accountability.
Sec. 12514. Relief for farmers.
Sec. 12515. Improvements to the United States Drought Monitor.
Sec. 12516. Program data protection and access.
Sec. 12517. Measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification of 
                            greenhouse gas emissions and carbon 
                            sequestration.
Sec. 12518. Report on personnel.
Sec. 12519. Conversion authority.
Sec. 12520. Department of Agriculture recruitment and retention 
                            authorities.
Sec. 12521. Authorization of protection operations for the Secretary of 
                            Agriculture and others.
Sec. 12522. Commission on Farm Transitions.
Sec. 12523. Notifications and reports from USDA.
Sec. 12524. Standards for precision agriculture.
Sec. 12525. Pima Agriculture Cotton Trust Fund.
Sec. 12526. Agriculture Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust Fund.
Sec. 12527. Wool research and promotion.
Sec. 12528. Emergency citrus disease research and development trust 
                            fund.

SEC. 2. DEFINITION OF SECRETARY.

    In this Act, the term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
Agriculture.

                          TITLE I--COMMODITIES

                      Subtitle A--Commodity Policy

SEC. 1101. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (8)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by redesignating clauses 
                (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, 
                and indenting appropriately;
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
                clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting 
                appropriately;
                    (C) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so 
                redesignated), by striking ``The term `effective 
                reference price', with respect to a covered commodity 
                for a crop year,'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) 2019 through 2024 crop years.--The term 
                `effective reference price', with respect to a covered 
                commodity for any of the 2019 through 2024 crop 
                years,''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) 2025 through 2029 crop years.--The term 
                `effective reference price', with respect to a covered 
                commodity for any of the 2025 through 2029 crop years, 
                means the lesser of the following:
                            ``(i) An amount equal to 115 percent of the 
                        reference price for such covered commodity.
                            ``(ii) An amount equal to the greater of--
                                    ``(I) the reference price for such 
                                covered commodity; or
                                    ``(II) 85 percent of the average of 
                                the marketing year average price of the 
                                covered commodity for the most recent 5 
                                crop years.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (19)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (O) 
                as clauses (i) through (xv), respectively, and 
                indenting appropriately;
                    (B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so 
                redesignated), by striking ``The term'' and all that 
                follows through ``the following:'' and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(A) 2019 through 2023 crop years.--The term 
                `reference price', with respect to a covered commodity 
                for each of crop years 2019 through 2023, means the 
                following:''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) 2024 through 2029 crop years.--The term 
                `reference price', with respect to a covered commodity 
                for each of crop years 2024 through 2029, means the 
                following:
                            ``(i) For wheat, $5.78 per bushel.
                            ``(ii) For corn, $3.89 per bushel.
                            ``(iii) For grain sorghum, $4.15 per 
                        bushel.
                            ``(iv) For barley, $5.20 per bushel.
                            ``(v) For oats, $2.52 per bushel.
                            ``(vi) For long grain rice, $14.70 per 
                        hundredweight.
                            ``(vii) For medium grain rice, $14.70 per 
                        hundredweight.
                            ``(viii) For soybeans, $8.82 per bushel.
                            ``(ix) For other oilseeds, $21.16 per 
                        hundredweight.
                            ``(x) For peanuts, $561.75 per ton.
                            ``(xi) For dry peas, $11.55 per 
                        hundredweight.
                            ``(xii) For lentils, $20.97 per 
                        hundredweight.
                            ``(xiii) For small chickpeas, $19.99 per 
                        hundredweight.
                            ``(xiv) For large chickpeas, $22.62 per 
                        hundredweight.
                            ``(xv) For seed cotton, $0.385 per 
                        pound.''.

SEC. 1102. BASE ACRES.

    Section 1112 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9012) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as 
        subsections (c) through (e), respectively;
            (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Base Acre Increase for Underserved Farmers of Covered 
Commodities.--
            ``(1) Definition of underserved farmer of covered 
        commodities.--In this subsection, the term `underserved farmer 
        of covered commodities' means an underserved producer (as 
        defined in section 508(a)(7)(A) of the Federal Crop Insurance 
        Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(7)(A))) or a limited resource or 
        economically distressed farmer (as determined by the Secretary) 
        of 1 or more covered commodities.
            ``(2) Opportunity to increase base acres.--As soon as 
        practicable after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity 
        and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall provide a 1-
        time opportunity for an underserved farmer of covered 
        commodities to increase base acres on a farm if--
                    ``(A) the underserved farmer of covered 
                commodities--
                            ``(i) is an operator on the farm and 
                        provides a significant contribution of active 
                        personal labor on the farm, as determined by 
                        the Secretary; or
                            ``(ii) has a significant ownership share of 
                        the farm or a business producing covered 
                        commodities on the farm, as determined by the 
                        Secretary; and
                    ``(B) the average number of acres on the farm 
                planted or prevented from planting as described in 
                subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, of paragraph 
                (3)(A)(i) to covered commodities during the 2018 
                through 2022 crop years is greater than the number of 
                base acres on the farm.
            ``(3) Base acre increase.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                number of base acres added to a farm under paragraph 
                (2) shall be equal to the difference between--
                            ``(i) the sum obtained by adding--
                                    ``(I) the 5-year average of the 
                                acreage planted on the farm to all 
                                covered commodities for harvest, 
                                grazing, haying, silage, or other 
                                similar purposes for the 2018 through 
                                2022 crop years, according to records 
                                submitted to the Farm Service Agency or 
                                the Risk Management Agency; and
                                    ``(II) the 5-year average of any 
                                acreage on the farm that was prevented 
                                from planting to 1 or more covered 
                                commodities during the 2018 through 
                                2022 crop years because of drought, 
                                flood, or other natural disaster, or 
                                other condition beyond the control of 
                                the producers, as determined by the 
                                Secretary, according to records 
                                submitted to the Farm Service Agency or 
                                the Risk Management Agency; and
                            ``(ii) the number of base acres for covered 
                        commodities on the farm.
                    ``(B) Limitations.--
                            ``(i) Maximum.--Not more than 160 base 
                        acres shall be added to any farm under 
                        paragraph (2).
                            ``(ii) Prohibition on reconstitution of 
                        farm.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
                        producers on a farm do not reconstitute the 
                        farm for the purpose of increasing the number 
                        of base acres added to the farm under paragraph 
                        (2).
                    ``(C) Distribution.--Base acres added to a farm 
                under paragraph (2) shall be added to the base acreage 
                of each covered commodity on the farm in the proportion 
                that--
                            ``(i) the acreage planted or prevented from 
                        planting to the covered commodity on the farm; 
                        bears to
                            ``(ii) the acreage planted or prevented 
                        from planting to all covered commodities on the 
                        farm.
            ``(4) Reduction of base acres.--If an underserved farmer of 
        covered commodities on a farm for which base acres have been 
        increased under paragraph (2) does not own or operate the farm 
        for any of the 2025 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary 
        shall reduce the number of base acres on the farm eligible for 
        payment for that crop year by the number of base acres added to 
        the farm under paragraph (2), in the same proportion among 
        covered commodities on the farm described in paragraph 
        (3)(C).'';
            (3) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated), in paragraph 
        (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting 
        ``and any addition of base acres under subsection (b)'' after 
        ``subsection (a)'';
            (4) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``and any 
                addition of base acres under subsection (b)'' after 
                ``subsection (a)''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking ``subsection 
                (b)(1)(C)'' and inserting ``subsection (c)(1)(C)''; and
            (5) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), in paragraph 
        (3)(A), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 1103. PAYMENT YIELDS.

    Section 1113 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9013) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking the subsection 
        designation and heading and all that follows through ``In the 
        case'' in paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Oilseeds Designated After Certain Date.--In the case''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Effect of Lack of Payment Yield.--In the case of a covered 
commodity on a farm for which base acres have been established, if no 
payment yield is otherwise established for the covered commodity on the 
farm, the payment yield shall be equal to the greater of--
            ``(1) 90 percent of the average of the yield per planted 
        acre for the crop of covered commodities on the farm for the 
        most recent 5 crop years, as determined by the Secretary, 
        excluding any crop year in which the acreage planted to the 
        covered commodity was zero; and
            ``(2) the payment yields applicable to that covered 
        commodity for similarly situated farms, as determined by the 
        Secretary.''.

SEC. 1104. PAYMENT ACRES.

    Section 1114 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9014) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``In the case'' 
                and inserting ``Effective for the 2014 through 2018 
                crop years, in the case'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by striking ``With respect to'' and 
                inserting ``Effective for the 2014 through 2018 crop 
                years, with respect to''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``When generic 
                base acres'' and inserting ``Effective for the 2014 
                through 2018 crop years, when generic base acres''; and
            (2) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, fava 
                beans,'' after ``mung beans''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``, fava 
                beans,'' after ``mung beans''.

SEC. 1105. PRODUCER ELECTION.

    Section 1115 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9015) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Continuity of Elected Coverage.--For the 2025 crop year and 
each crop year thereafter, the elected coverage in effect under this 
section for the previous crop year shall apply to a farm until a crop 
year for which an election change is made with respect to the farm 
under subsection (h).
    ``(j) Special Rule for 2023 and 2024 Crop Years.--If the producers 
on the farm elected price loss coverage under section 1116 or 
agriculture risk coverage under section 1117(b)(1), or were deemed to 
have elected such coverage, for the 2023 and 2024 crops years, 
notwithstanding such election, the producers on the farm shall be 
deemed to have elected the coverage with the higher payment rate for 
each of the 2023 and 2024 crop years.''.

SEC. 1106. PRICE LOSS COVERAGE.

    Section 1116 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``make the election'' and all that follows 
                through ``subsection (c)(2) of such section,'' and 
                inserting ``have elected or have been deemed to have 
                elected price loss coverage under section 1115,''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                ``2029'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in the subparagraph heading, by 
                        striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2024''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                        ``2024''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) 2025 through 2029 crop years.--For the 2025 
                through 2029 crop years, the payment rate shall be 
                equal to the lesser of--
                            ``(i) the difference between--
                                    ``(I) the effective reference price 
                                for the covered commodity; and
                                    ``(II) the effective price 
                                determined under subsection (b) for the 
                                covered commodity; and
                            ``(ii) 15 percent of the effective 
                        reference price.'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as 
                subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively, and 
                indenting appropriately;
                    (B) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so 
                redesignated)--
                            (i) by striking ``2024'' and inserting 
                        ``2029''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``If price loss coverage'' 
                        and inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--If price loss coverage''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Adjustment for 2024 through 2029 crop years.--For the 
        2024 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary shall make an 
        appropriate adjustment in the price loss coverage payment 
        amount determined under paragraph (1) by subtracting from the 
        payment amount any portion of the payment amount that would 
        have been included in subparagraph (A)(i)(II)(cc), 
        (B)(i)(II)(cc), (C)(i)(I)(bb)(BB), or (C)(ii)(I)(bb) of section 
        1503(e)(1) but for the timing of the price loss coverage 
        payment.''; and
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) by striking ``If the Secretary'' and inserting 
                the following:
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), if the 
        Secretary''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Availability of partial payments.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If, before the end of the 12-
                month marketing year for a covered commodity for any of 
                the 2024 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary 
                projects that price loss coverage payments will be 
                required for the crop of the covered commodity, the 
                Secretary shall give producers on a farm the option to 
                receive partial payments of the price loss coverage 
                payments to be made for that crop of the covered 
                commodity.
                    ``(B) Time for partial payments.--When the 
                Secretary makes partial payments available under 
                subparagraph (A) for a covered commodity, the partial 
                payment shall be made beginning February 1, or as soon 
                as practicable thereafter, after the beginning of the 
                applicable marketing year for the covered commodity.
                    ``(C) Amount of partial payments.--The partial 
                payments under subparagraph (A) to the producers on a 
                farm may not exceed 50 percent of the projected price 
                loss coverage payment for the covered commodity for the 
                crop year, as determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(D) Repayment.--The producers on a farm that 
                receive a partial payment under subparagraph (A) for a 
                crop year shall repay to the Secretary the amount, if 
                any, by which the partial payments received by the 
                producers on a farm exceed the actual price loss 
                coverage payments to be made for the covered commodity 
                for that crop year.''.

SEC. 1107. AGRICULTURE RISK COVERAGE.

    Section 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9017) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``make the election under section 
                1115(a) to obtain agriculture risk coverage,'' and 
                inserting ``have elected or have been deemed to have 
                elected agriculture risk coverage under section 
                1115,''; and
                    (B) by striking ``years or the 2019 through 2023 
                crop years,'' and inserting ``years, the 2019 through 
                2023 crop years, or the 2024 through 2029 crop 
                years,'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``The agriculture'' and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) 2014 through 2023 crop years.--For the 2014 
                through 2023 crop years, the agriculture''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) 2024 through 2029 crop years.--For the 2024 
                through 2029 crop years, the agriculture risk coverage 
                guarantee for a crop year for a covered commodity shall 
                equal 88 percent of the benchmark revenue.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)(C), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029'';
                    (C) in paragraph (4)(B)--
                            (i) in the subparagraph heading, by 
                        striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                        ``2029''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (6)(B), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029'';
            (3) in subsection (d)(1), by striking subparagraph (B) and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(B)(i) for the 2014 through 2023 crop years, 10 
                percent of the benchmark revenue for the applicable 
                crop year; or
                    ``(ii) for the 2024 and subsequent crop years, 12.5 
                percent of the benchmark revenue for the applicable 
                crop year.'';
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
                subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and indenting 
                appropriately;
                    (B) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so 
                redesignated)--
                            (i) by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                        ``2029''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``If agriculture risk 
                        coverage'' and inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--If agriculture risk coverage''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Adjustment for 2024 through 2029 crop years.--For the 
        2024 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary shall make an 
        appropriate adjustment in the agriculture risk coverage payment 
        amount determined under paragraph (1) by subtracting from the 
        payment amount any portion of the payment amount that would 
        have been included in subparagraph (A)(i)(II)(cc), 
        (B)(i)(II)(cc), (C)(i)(I)(bb)(BB), or (C)(ii)(I)(bb) of section 
        1503(e)(1) but for the timing of the agriculture risk coverage 
        payment.'';
            (5) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) by striking ``If the Secretary'' and inserting 
                the following:
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), if the 
        Secretary''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Availability of partial payments.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If, before the end of the 12-
                month marketing year for a covered commodity for any of 
                the 2024 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary 
                projects that agriculture risk coverage payments will 
                be required for the crop of the covered commodity, the 
                Secretary shall give producers on a farm the option to 
                receive partial payments of the agriculture risk 
                coverage payments to be made for that crop of the 
                covered commodity.
                    ``(B) Time for partial payments.--When the 
                Secretary makes partial payments available under 
                subparagraph (A) for a covered commodity, the partial 
                payment shall be made beginning February 1, or as soon 
                as practicable thereafter, after the beginning of the 
                applicable marketing year for the covered commodity.
                    ``(C) Amount of partial payments.--The partial 
                payments under subparagraph (A) to the producers on a 
                farm may not exceed 50 percent of the projected 
                agriculture risk coverage payment for the covered 
                commodity for the crop year, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
                    ``(D) Repayment.--The producers on a farm that 
                receive a partial payment under subparagraph (A) for a 
                crop year shall repay to the Secretary the amount, if 
                any, by which the partial payments received by the 
                producers on a farm exceed the actual agriculture risk 
                coverage payments to be made for the covered commodity 
                for that crop year.'';
            (6) in subsection (g)(5), in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; 
        and
            (7) in subsection (i)(5), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

                      Subtitle B--Marketing Loans

SEC. 1201. LOAN RATES.

    (a) In General.--Section 1202 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9032) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``2023'' 
                and inserting ``2024''; and
                    (B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2024'';
            (2) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections 
        (d) and (e), respectively; and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
    ``(c) 2025 and Subsequent Crop Years.--Beginning with the 2025 crop 
year, the Secretary shall establish a loan rate for a marketing 
assistance loan under section 1201 for a loan commodity equal to the 
lesser of--
            ``(1) an amount equal to 110 percent of the loan rate for 
        the loan commodity described in subsection (b); and
            ``(2) an amount equal to the greater of--
                    ``(A) the loan rate for the loan commodity 
                described in subsection (b); and
                    ``(B) the sum obtained by adding--
                            ``(i) the loan rate for the loan commodity 
                        described in subsection (b); and
                            ``(ii) the product obtained by 
                        multiplying--
                                    ``(I) the loan rate for the loan 
                                commodity described in subsection (b); 
                                and
                                    ``(II) using data calculated and 
                                published by the Economic Research 
                                Service in the annual Farm Sector 
                                Income Forecast as first released for 
                                the applicable crop year, the quotient 
                                obtained by dividing--
                                            ``(aa) the difference 
                                        between--

                                                    ``(AA) the 
                                                forecasted crop input 
                                                expenses (including 
                                                interest, labor, 
                                                property taxes, seed, 
                                                fertilizer and lime, 
                                                fuel, oil, electricity, 
                                                pesticides, and net 
                                                rent to landowners) for 
                                                the applicable crop 
                                                year; and

                                                    ``(BB) the average 
                                                of the crop input 
                                                expenses for the 5-year 
                                                period immediately 
                                                preceding the 
                                                applicable crop year; 
                                                by

                                            ``(bb) the average of the 
                                        crop input expenses described 
                                        in item (aa)(AA) for the 5-year 
                                        period immediately preceding 
                                        the applicable crop year.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1204(h)(1) of the Agricultural 
Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034(h)(1)) is amended by striking ``(a)(20) or 
(b)(20),'' and inserting ``(a)(20), (b)(20), or (c),''.

SEC. 1202. TEXTILE MILLS.

    Section 1207(c)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 
9037(c)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Effective beginning on August 1, 2013,'' 
        and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) August 2013 through july 2025.--Effective 
                during the period beginning on August 1, 2013, and 
                ending on July 31, 2025,''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Beginning august 2025.--Effective beginning 
                on August 1, 2025, the value of the assistance provided 
                under paragraph (1) shall be 4 cents per pound.''.

SEC. 1203. EXTENSIONS.

    (a) Nonrecourse Marketing Assistance Loans.--Section 1201(b)(1) of 
the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9031(b)(1)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Repayment.--Section 1204 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9034) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (e)(2)(B), in the matter preceding clause 
        (i), by striking ``2024'' and inserting ``2030''; and
            (2) in subsection (g), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.
    (c) Loan Deficiency Payments.--
            (1) Extension.--Section 1205(a)(2)(B) of the Agricultural 
        Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9035(a)(2)(B)) is amended by striking 
        ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
            (2) Payments in lieu of ldps.--Section 1206 of the 
        Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9036) is amended by striking 
        ``2023'' each place it appears and inserting ``2029''.
    (d) Special Competitiveness Provisions of Extra Long Staple 
Cotton.--Section 1208(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 
9038(a)) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
``2024'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (e) Availability of Recourse Loans.--Section 1209 of the 
Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9039) is amended by striking 
``2023'' each place it appears and inserting ``2029''.

                           Subtitle C--Sugar

SEC. 1301. SUGAR POLICY.

    (a) Sugar Program.--
            (1) Sugarcane.--Section 156(a) of the Federal Agriculture 
        Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272(a)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking ``2023 crop 
                years.'' and inserting ``2024 crop years; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) 24.0 cents per pound for raw cane sugar for each of 
        the 2025 through 2029 crop years.''.
            (2) Sugar beets.--Section 156(b) of the Federal Agriculture 
        Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272(b)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023 crop 
                years.'' and inserting ``2024 crop years; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) a rate that is equal to 136.5 percent of the loan 
        rate per pound of raw cane sugar for the applicable crop year 
        under subsection (a) for each of the 2025 through 2029 crop 
        years.''.
            (3) Effective period.--Section 156(i) of the Federal 
        Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 
        7272(i)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.
    (b) Adjustments to Commodity Credit Corporation Storage Payment 
Rates.--Section 167 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform 
Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7287) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for 
the 2025 crop year and each crop year thereafter, the Commodity Credit 
Corporation shall establish rates for the storage of forfeited sugar in 
an amount that is not less than--
            ``(1) in the case of refined sugar, 34 cents per 
        hundredweight per month; and
            ``(2) in the case of raw cane sugar, 27 cents per 
        hundredweight per month.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Subsequent'' and inserting ``Prior''; and
                    (B) by striking ``and subsequent'' and inserting 
                ``through 2024''.
    (c) Flexible Marketing Allotments for Sugar.--
            (1) Sugar estimates.--Section 359b(a)(1) of the 
        Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359bb(a)(1)) is 
        amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
            (2) Adjustment of marketing allotments.--Section 359c(g)(2) 
        of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 
        1359cc(g)(2)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``In the case'' and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), in the case''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Exception.--If the Secretary makes an upward 
                adjustment under paragraph (1)(A), in adjusting 
                allocations among beet sugar processors, the Secretary 
                shall give priority to beet sugar processors with 
                available sugar.''.
            (3) Reassignment of deficits.--Section 359e(b)(2) of the 
        Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359ee(b)(2)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (C) 
                as clauses (i) through (iii), respectively, and 
                indenting appropriately;
                    (B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so 
                redesignated), by striking ``If the Secretary'' and 
                inserting the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--If the Secretary''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Timing.--In carrying out subparagraph (A), 
                the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) make an initial determination 
                        following publication of the World Agricultural 
                        Supply and Demand Estimates approved by the 
                        World Agricultural Outlook Board for January 
                        that shall be applicable to the crop year for 
                        which allotments are required; and
                            ``(ii) provide for any reassignment under 
                        subparagraph (A)(i) not later than 30 days 
                        after the date on which the World Agricultural 
                        Supply and Demand Estimates described in clause 
                        (i) is released.''.
            (4) Administration of tariff rate quotas.--Section 359k of 
        the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359kk) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b)(1)--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and 
                        (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and 
                        indenting appropriately; and
                            (ii) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as 
                        so redesignated), by striking ``Before April 
                        1'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), notwithstanding any other provision 
                of law, the Secretary shall not increase the tariff-
                rate quota for raw cane sugar before April 1 of each 
                fiscal year.
                    ``(B) Exception.--Before April 1''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Reallocation.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), before March 1 
        of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall reallocate any 
        forecasted shortfall in the fulfillment of the tariff-rate 
        quotas for raw cane sugar established under subsection (a)(1) 
        for the fiscal year.
            ``(2) Cessation of effectiveness.--Paragraph (1) shall 
        cease to be in effect if--
                    ``(A) the Agreement Suspending the Countervailing 
                Duty Investigation on Sugar from Mexico, signed 
                December 19, 2014, is terminated; and
                    ``(B) no countervailing duty order under subtitle A 
                of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671 
                et seq.) is in effect with respect to sugar from 
                Mexico.''.
            (5) Effective period.--Section 359l(a) of the Agricultural 
        Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359ll(a)) is amended by 
        striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

                           Subtitle D--Dairy

SEC. 1401. DAIRY MARGIN COVERAGE.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 1401 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9051) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting ``premium and 
        supreme'' before ``alfalfa'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (10) as 
        paragraphs (5) through (11), respectively; and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) Covered production.--The term `covered production' 
        means the covered production elected by a participating dairy 
        operation under section 1406(a)(2).''.
    (b) Calculation of Average Feed Cost and Actual Dairy Production 
Margins.--Section 1402(a)(3) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 
9052(a)(3)) is amended by inserting ``premium and supreme'' before 
``alfalfa'' each place it appears.
    (c) Participation of Dairy Operations in Dairy Margin Coverage.--
Section 1404(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9054(b)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(2) Election period for 2025 calendar year.--For the 2025 
        calendar year, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) open the election period not later than March 
                2, 2025; and
                    ``(B) hold that election period open for not less 
                than 90 days.''; and
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs 
        (3) and (4), respectively.
    (d) Production History of Participating Dairy Operations.--Section 
1405 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9055) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--Subject to subsections (c) and (d), with respect 
to a dairy operation that was in operation for at least 1 of the full 
2021, 2022, and 2023 calendar years, the production history of the 
dairy operation for dairy margin coverage shall be equal to the highest 
annual milk marketings of the participating dairy operation during any 
1 of the 2021, 2022, and 2023 calendar years.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by striking ``In the case'' and 
                inserting ``Subject to subsections (c) and (d), in the 
                case'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``In the case'' and 
                        inserting ``Subject to subsections (c) and (d), 
                        in the case'';
                            (ii) by striking ``prior to January 1, 
                        2014,'' and inserting ``for at least 1 of the 
                        full 2021, 2022, and 2023 calendar years,''; 
                        and
                            (iii) by inserting ``beginning after 
                        December 31, 2023,'' after ``1 calendar year''; 
                        and
                    (C) by striking paragraph (3);
            (3) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections 
        (e) and (f), respectively; and
            (4) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
    ``(c) Adjustment.--The Secretary shall adjust the production 
history of a participating dairy operation determined under subsection 
(a) or (b) to reflect any increase in the national average milk 
production relative to the calendar year used to establish the 
production history of the participating dairy operation.
    ``(d) Continued Applicability of Base Production History.--A 
production history established for a dairy operation under subsection 
(a) or (b) shall be the base production history for the dairy operation 
in subsequent years (as adjusted under subsection (c)).''.
    (e) Dairy Margin Coverage Payments.--Section 1406(a) of the 
Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9056(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``under 
                paragraph (2)''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``5,000,000'' 
                each place it appears and inserting ``6,000,000''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``annually elect'' and 
        inserting ``establish the covered production by annually 
        electing''.
    (f) Premiums for Dairy Margin Coverage.--Section 1407 of the 
Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``5,000,000 Pounds of Production'' and inserting 
                ``6,000,000 Pounds of Covered Production'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``5,000,000'' and inserting 
                        ``6,000,000''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``production history'' and 
                        inserting ``covered production''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``subsection 
                (g)'' and inserting ``subsection (f)'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Production in Excess of 5,000,000'' and inserting 
                ``Covered Production in Excess of 6,000,000'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``5,000,000'' and inserting 
                        ``6,000,000''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``production history'' and 
                        inserting ``covered production''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``subsection 
                (g)'' and inserting ``subsection (f)'';
            (3) by striking subsection (f);
            (4) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (f); and
            (5) in subsection (f) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and 
                        inserting ``2025 through 2029''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``2019.'' and inserting 
                        ``2025.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' each 
                place it appears and inserting ``2029''.
    (g) Duration.--Section 1409 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9059) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (h) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take 
effect on January 1, 2025.

SEC. 1402. DAIRY PRODUCTS DONATION PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 1431 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9071) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading by striking ``milk'' and 
        inserting ``dairy products'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraph (B) 
                and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) incurs expenses in donating eligible dairy 
                products.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``milk'' and 
                inserting ``dairy products to recipient individuals and 
                families'';
                    (C) striking paragraph (3) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(3) Eligible dairy product.--The term `eligible dairy 
        product' means a product primarily made from milk, including 
        fluid milk, that is produced and processed in the United 
        States.'';
                    (D) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as 
                paragraphs (3) and (2), respectively, and moving the 
                paragraphs so as to appear in numerical order; and
                    (E) by striking paragraph (5);
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``Agriculture Improvement 
                        Act of 2018'' and inserting ``Rural Prosperity 
                        and Food Security Act of 2024''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``milk'' and inserting 
                        ``dairy products''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``milk'' and 
                inserting ``dairy products'';
            (4) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``milk;'' and inserting ``dairy products; 
                        and''; and
                            (ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) 
                        and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) describes whether an emergency or disaster 
                was a substantial factor in the submission, including--
                            ``(i) a declared or renewed public health 
                        emergency under section 319 of the Public 
                        Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d); and
                            ``(ii) a disaster designated by the 
                        Secretary.''; and
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(2) Review and approval.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 15 days after 
                receiving a donation and distribution plan under 
                paragraph (1), the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) review the donation and distribution 
                        plan; and
                            ``(ii) issue an approval or disapproval of 
                        the donation and distribution plan.
                    ``(B) Priority.--In approving and disapproving 
                donation and distribution plans under subparagraph 
                (A)(ii), the Secretary shall give priority to plans for 
                which an emergency or disaster was a substantial factor 
                in the submission, as described under paragraph 
                (1)(B).'';
            (5) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``a participating 
                        partnership'' and inserting ``an eligible 
                        partnership for which the Secretary has 
                        approved a donation and distribution plan under 
                        subsection (c)(2)(A)(ii)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``qualified expenses 
                        described in subsection (e)'' and inserting 
                        ``expenses incurred in donating eligible dairy 
                        products'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``to 
                demonstrate'' and all that follows through the period 
                at the end and inserting the following: ``to 
                demonstrate--
                            ``(i) the production of the eligible dairy 
                        products; and
                            ``(ii) the donation of the eligible dairy 
                        products to an eligible distributor.'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph 
                (4);
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Reimbursement price.--The Secretary--
                    ``(A) shall set the price for a reimbursement under 
                paragraph (1) at a value that--
                            ``(i) is representative of the cost of the 
                        milk required to produce the eligible dairy 
                        product;
                            ``(ii) is between the lowest and highest of 
                        the classes I, II, III, and IV milk prices on 
                        the date of the production of the eligible 
                        dairy product;
                            ``(iii) is sufficient to reduce food waste; 
                        and
                            ``(iv) will not interfere with the 
                        commercial marketing of milk or dairy products; 
                        and
                    ``(B) may set appropriate reimbursement prices 
                under subparagraph (A) for different eligible dairy 
                products by class and region for the purpose of--
                            ``(i) encouraging the donation of surplus 
                        eligible dairy products;
                            ``(ii) facilitating the orderly marketing 
                        of milk;
                            ``(iii) reducing volatility relating to 
                        significant market disruptions;
                            ``(iv) maintaining traditional price 
                        relationships between classes of milk; or
                            ``(v) stabilizing on-farm milk prices.''; 
                        and
                    (E) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``participating partnership'' and inserting 
                ``eligible partnership described in paragraph (1)'';
            (6) by striking subsections (e) and (f);
            (7) by redesignating subsections (g), (h), (i), and (j) as 
        subsections (e), (f), (g), and (i), respectively;
            (8) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), in paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``milk'' and inserting ``dairy products''; and
            (9) by inserting after subsection (g) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
    ``(h) Publication of Donation Activity.--The Secretary, acting 
through the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service, shall 
publish on the publicly accessible website of the Agricultural 
Marketing Service periodic reports describing donation activity under 
this section.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The heading for part III of subtitle D 
of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public Law 113-79; 128 
Stat. 695; 132 Stat. 4519) is amended by striking ``milk'' and 
inserting ``dairy products''.

SEC. 1403. REAUTHORIZATIONS.

    (a) Forward Pricing.--Section 1502(e) of the Food, Conservation, 
and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8772(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``September 30, 2023'' 
        and inserting ``December 31, 2029''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``September 30, 2027'' 
        and inserting ``December 31, 2034''.
    (b) Indemnity Program.--Section 3 of Public Law 90-484 (7 U.S.C. 
4553) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (c) Promotion and Research.--Section 113(e)(2) of the Dairy 
Production Stabilization Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 4504(e)(2)) is amended, 
in the second sentence, by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 1404. RELATED PROVISIONS.

    (a) Improved Data Collection for Organic Dairy.--Section 7407(b) of 
the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 5925c(b)) 
is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) with respect to the collection and reporting of data 
        on the production and marketing of organic dairy products--
                    ``(A) collect and publish cost-of-production data 
                for organic milk, through support from regional and 
                national programs, including regularly reported data 
                relating to--
                            ``(i) the costs of major organic 
                        feedstuffs, including--
                                    ``(I) the prices for major organic 
                                feedstuffs produced domestically; and
                                    ``(II) the prices for imported 
                                major organic feedstuffs; and
                            ``(ii) all other costs relating to the 
                        production of organic milk;
                    ``(B) establish an Organic All Milk Prices Survey 
                conducted by the National Agricultural Statistics 
                Service for the purpose of gathering and reporting 
                monthly data relating to the prices organic dairy 
                farmers are paid for organic milk and prices received 
                for organic dairy cows, including--
                            ``(i) national data; and
                            ``(ii) data relating to, at a minimum, the 
                        6 regions with the greatest quantity of organic 
                        dairy production; and
                    ``(C) periodically report on organic milk, under 
                which the Secretary, using data collected by the 
                National Agricultural Statistics Service, the Economic 
                Research Service, or the Agricultural Marketing 
                Service, shall publish periodic reports relating to 
                data for organic milk, which shall be equivalent to 
                data reported for conventionally produced milk.''.
    (b) Mandatory Reporting for Dairy Products.--Section 273 of the 
Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1637b) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking ``and'' at 
                the end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) for each manufacturer required to report 
                under subparagraph (A) for any product, require that 
                manufacturer to report production cost and product 
                yield information, as determined by the Secretary, for 
                all products processed in the same facility or 
                facilities; and
                    ``(D) require any manufacturer of such other dairy 
                products as determined by the Secretary to report 
                production cost and product yield information in the 
                same manner as under subparagraph (C), for the purpose 
                of providing information for the regulatory or 
                administrative establishment of pricing rules.''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Electronic Reporting'' and inserting ``Reporting'';
                    (B) in paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking ``this 
                section'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (b)(1)''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Dairy product processing costs.--Not later than 2 
        years after the date of enactment of this paragraph, and every 
        2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall publish a report 
        containing the information obtained under subparagraphs (C) and 
        (D) of subsection (b)(1).''.

Subtitle E--Supplemental and Emergency Agricultural Disaster Assistance 
                                Programs

SEC. 1501. DEFINITIONS; CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 1501 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9081) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                            (i) by redesignating clauses (iii) through 
                        (v) as clauses (iv) through (vi), respectively; 
                        and
                            (ii) by inserting after clause (ii) the 
                        following:
                            ``(iii) an alien who has applied for 
                        employment authorization and is authorized to 
                        accept employment pursuant to section 
                        274a.12(c)(33) of title 8, Code of Federal 
                        Regulations (or a successor regulation);''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4)(G), by striking ``livestock,'' 
                and inserting ``livestock (including unweaned 
                livestock),'';
            (2) by striking the section designation and heading and all 
        that follows through ``section:'' in the matter preceding 
        paragraph (1) of subsection (a) and inserting the following:

``SEC. 1501. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this subtitle:''; and
            (3) in subsection (b), by striking the subsection 
        designation and heading and inserting the following:

``SEC. 1502. SUPPLEMENTAL AGRICULTURAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE.

    ``(a) Livestock Indemnity Payments.--''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 
        (7 U.S.C. 9081 et seq.) is amended, in the subtitle heading, by 
        inserting ``and Emergency'' after ``Supplemental''.
            (2) Section 1502 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (as 
        designated by subsection (a)(3)) is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating subsections (c) through (f) as 
                subsections (b) through (e), respectively;
                    (B) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated), in 
                paragraph (1), by striking ``subsection (b) or (c)'' 
                and inserting ``subsection (a) or (b)''; and
                    (C) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), in 
                paragraph (2), by striking ``subsection (c)'' and 
                inserting ``subsection (b)''.
            (3) Section 12512(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 
        2018 (7 U.S.C. 5856(b)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``1501(c)'' and inserting 
                ``1502(b)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``(7 U.S.C. 9081(c))''.

SEC. 1502. SUPPLEMENTAL AGRICULTURAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Livestock Indemnity Program.--Section 1502(a) of the 
Agricultural Act of 2014 (as designated by section 1501(a)(3)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph 
        (A), by inserting ``during the time of the year that the 
        livestock death losses occurred'' after ``normal mortality'';
            (2) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
            ``(2) Payment rates.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Indemnity payments to an 
                eligible producer on a farm under paragraph (1) shall 
                be made at a rate of the applicable percentage 
                described in subparagraph (B) of the market value of 
                the affected livestock, as determined under 
                subparagraph (C), on, as applicable--
                            ``(i) the day before the date of death of 
                        the livestock; or
                            ``(ii) the day before the date of the event 
                        that caused the harm to the livestock that 
                        resulted in a reduced sale price.
                    ``(B) Percentages.--The percentage referred to in 
                subparagraph (A) is--
                            ``(i) in the case of a payment under 
                        paragraph (1)(A), 100 percent; or
                            ``(ii) in the case of a payment under 
                        subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1), 75 
                        percent.
                    ``(C) Determination of market values.--The 
                Secretary shall determine the market value of the 
                affected livestock under subparagraph (A)--
                            ``(i) in consultation with the Agricultural 
                        Marketing Service; and
                            ``(ii) based on quarterly estimates of 
                        market values.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Weight categories.--For the purposes of establishing 
        weight categories to carry out paragraph (1), the Secretary 
        shall establish categories with weights not less than those 
        described in section 1416.302 of title 7, Code of Federal 
        Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this 
        paragraph), with respect to livestock described in section 
        1501(4)(A).
            ``(6) Normal mortality for honey bees.--In determining 
        honey bee normal mortality, the Secretary shall not include 
        losses caused by colony collapse disorder.''.
    (b) Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honey Bees, and Farm-Raised 
Fish.--Section 1502(c)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (as 
designated by section 1501(b)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ``reduce 
losses'' and all that follows through the period at the end and 
inserting the following: ``reduce--
                    ``(A) losses caused by feed or water shortages 
                (including, in the case of drought, transportation 
                costs for feed, water, livestock, and honey bees), 
                disease, or other factors, as determined by the 
                Secretary, including inspections of cattle tick fever; 
                and
                    ``(B) winter stockpile grazing losses.''.
    (c) Tree Assistance Program.--Section 1502(d) of the Agricultural 
Act of 2014 (as designated by section 1501(b)(2)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``or 
                biennial'' after ``annual'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``or pest'' 
                after ``insect''; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``bush, and 
                vine'' and inserting ``a bush, a vine, and any other 
                fruit-producing crop that is not planted on an annual 
                basis, as determined by the Secretary'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by inserting ``carry out this subsection 
                and'' before ``provide''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``15 percent 
                (adjusted for normal mortality)'' and inserting 
                ``normal mortality'';
            (3) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``(4) and (5)'' and inserting ``(4), (5), and 
                (6)'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking ``15 
                percent mortality (adjusted for normal mortality)'' and 
                inserting ``normal mortality''; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``15 percent 
                damage or mortality (adjusted for normal tree damage 
                and mortality)'' and inserting ``normal tree damage or 
                mortality''; and
            (4) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:
            ``(5) Payment rate for covered producers.--Subject to 
        paragraph (4), in the case of a covered producer, the Secretary 
        shall provide reimbursement of 75 percent of the costs under 
        subparagraphs (A)(i) and (B) of paragraph (3).
            ``(6) Timing requirements.--An eligible orchardist or 
        nursery tree grower shall agree, as a condition on receipt of 
        assistance under this subsection, to carry out any replacement 
        and rehabilitation activities for which such assistance is 
        provided not later than--
                    ``(A) 2 years after the receipt of such assistance; 
                or
                    ``(B) if the period specified in subparagraph (A) 
                is not adequate, such time as is determined by the 
                Secretary.
            ``(7) Alternatives used in replanting.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An eligible orchardist or 
                nursery tree grower receiving assistance under this 
                subsection with respect to tree loss may, with the 
                approval of the Secretary, use such assistance to 
                replant using--
                            ``(i) an alternative variety from the 
                        variety used prior to the loss;
                            ``(ii) an alternative crop from the crop 
                        planted prior to the loss;
                            ``(iii) an alternative stand density from 
                        the stand density used prior to the loss; and
                            ``(iv) an alternative location from the 
                        location used prior to the loss.
                    ``(B) Cost share limitations with respect to 
                alternatives.--The assistance provided by the Secretary 
                to eligible orchardists and nursery tree growers--
                            ``(i) for a use described in subparagraph 
                        (A)(i) shall be in an amount that is not 
                        greater than the amount the eligible orchardist 
                        or nursery tree grower would receive if the 
                        eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower 
                        replanted using the variety lost;
                            ``(ii) for a use described in subparagraph 
                        (A)(ii) shall be in an amount that is not 
                        greater than the amount the eligible orchardist 
                        or nursery tree grower would receive if the 
                        eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower 
                        replanted using the crop lost;
                            ``(iii) for a use described in subparagraph 
                        (A)(iii) shall be in an amount that is not 
                        greater than the amount the eligible orchardist 
                        or nursery tree grower would receive if the 
                        eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower 
                        replanted using the stand density lost; and
                            ``(iv) for a use described in subparagraph 
                        (A)(iv) shall be in an amount that is not 
                        greater than the amount the eligible orchardist 
                        or nursery tree grower would receive if the 
                        eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower 
                        replanted in the location in which the loss 
                        occurred.''.

SEC. 1503. EMERGENCY RELIEF PROGRAM.

    Subtitle E of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081 et seq.) 
(as amended by section 1501(a)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 1503. EMERGENCY RELIEF PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Covered crop.--The term `covered crop' means crops, 
        trees, bushes, and vines.
            ``(2) Disaster.--The term `disaster' means--
                    ``(A) a natural disaster designated by the 
                Secretary under section 321(a) of the Consolidated Farm 
                and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1961(a));
                    ``(B) a major disaster or emergency designated by 
                the President under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
                Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et 
                seq.);
                    ``(C) a quarantine imposed by the Secretary under 
                the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.) or the 
                animal quarantine laws (as defined in section 2509(f) 
                of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
                of 1990 (21 U.S.C. 136a(f)));
                    ``(D) a physical loss notification by the 
                Administrator of the Farm Service Agency under section 
                759.6(a)(2) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or 
                a successor regulation); or
                    ``(E) any other disruption outside of the control 
                of an eligible producer on a farm that results in a 
                significant loss of production or revenue, as 
                determined by the Secretary.
            ``(3) Expected crop revenue.--The term `expected crop 
        revenue' means--
                    ``(A) in the case of covered crops insured under 
                Federal Crop Insurance--
                            ``(i) the revenue used to calculate the 
                        liability for the Federal Crop Insurance; or
                            ``(ii) a higher amount, as determined by 
                        the Secretary, to reflect costs of production 
                        that exceed the insured value of the covered 
                        crop;
                    ``(B) in the case of covered crops covered under 
                the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program--
                            ``(i) the revenue used to calculate the 
                        liability for the coverage; or
                            ``(ii) a higher amount, as determined by 
                        the Secretary, to reflect costs of production 
                        that exceed the coverage for the covered crop; 
                        and
                    ``(C) in the case of covered crops that are neither 
                insured under Federal Crop Insurance nor covered under 
                the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program, the 
                expected revenue for the covered crop, as determined by 
                the Secretary, which the Secretary may adjust to 
                reflect costs of production that exceed the expected 
                revenue for the covered crop.
            ``(4) Federal crop insurance.--The term `Federal Crop 
        Insurance' means any crop insurance program, policy, or plan of 
        insurance under the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 
        et seq.).
            ``(5) Net crop insurance indemnity.--The term `net crop 
        insurance indemnity' means the difference between--
                    ``(A) the indemnity paid to an eligible producer on 
                a farm under Federal Crop Insurance; and
                    ``(B) the cost to the eligible producer on a farm 
                for that Federal Crop Insurance.
            ``(6) Net noninsured crop disaster assistance program 
        payment.--The term `net noninsured crop disaster assistance 
        program payment' means the difference between--
                    ``(A) the payment received by an eligible producer 
                on a farm for coverage under the Noninsured Crop 
                Disaster Assistance Program; and
                    ``(B) the cost to the eligible producer on a farm 
                for that coverage.
            ``(7) Noninsured crop disaster assistance program.--The 
        term `Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program' means the 
        program under section 196 of the Federal Agriculture 
        Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333).
            ``(8) Qualified loss.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `qualified loss' means 
                a production or value loss in a covered crop incurred 
                by an eligible producer on a farm as a consequence of a 
                disaster.
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--The term `qualified loss' 
                includes--
                            ``(i) a loss incurred by an eligible 
                        producer on a farm as a result of being 
                        prevented from planting a crop due to a 
                        disaster;
                            ``(ii) a loss in the quality of a crop, 
                        trees, bushes, or vines due to a disaster; and
                            ``(iii) a loss in the quality of a crop 
                        (including wine grapes), trees, bushes, or 
                        vines due to smoke exposure from a wildfire.
    ``(b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a program under 
which the Secretary shall provide payments during each crop year to 
eligible producers on farms that experienced a qualified loss during 
the crop year.
    ``(c) Application.--
            ``(1) In general.--To be eligible to receive a payment 
        under this section for a crop year, an eligible producer on a 
        farm shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, 
        in such manner, and containing such information as the 
        Secretary may require, including a description of each 
        qualified loss incurred by the eligible producer on a farm 
        during the crop year.
            ``(2) Approval.--The Secretary shall approve an application 
        submitted by an eligible producer on a farm under paragraph (1) 
        if the application demonstrates to the satisfaction of the 
        Secretary that the eligible producer on a farm has incurred a 
        qualified loss during the applicable crop year.
    ``(d) Provision of Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide to each 
        eligible producer on a farm the application of whom is approved 
        under subsection (c)(2) a payment for the applicable crop year, 
        in accordance with subsection (e).
            ``(2) Requirement to purchase insurance.--As a condition of 
        receiving a payment under this section, an eligible producer on 
        a farm shall purchase, for each of the 2 succeeding crop years 
        for each crop for which the eligible producer on a farm 
        received a payment--
                    ``(A) Federal Crop Insurance, if available; or
                    ``(B) if Federal Crop Insurance is not available, 
                coverage under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance 
                Program.
    ``(e) Calculation of Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2) and subsection 
        (f), the amount of a payment provided to an eligible producer 
        on a farm under subsection (d)(1) shall be equal to--
                    ``(A) in the case of a covered crop insured under 
                Federal Crop Insurance, the product obtained by 
                multiplying--
                            ``(i) the difference between--
                                    ``(I) the share of the eligible 
                                producer on a farm of 95 percent of the 
                                expected crop revenue for the covered 
                                crop for the crop year; and
                                    ``(II) the sum obtained by adding--
                                            ``(aa) the share of the 
                                        eligible producer on a farm of 
                                        the actual revenue for the 
                                        covered crop for the crop year;
                                            ``(bb) the net crop 
                                        insurance indemnity;
                                            ``(cc) any payments made to 
                                        the eligible producer on a farm 
                                        under subtitle A with respect 
                                        to the base acres on which the 
                                        covered crop was planted or 
                                        prevented from being planted;
                                            ``(dd) any payments made to 
                                        the eligible producer on a farm 
                                        or on behalf of the eligible 
                                        producer on a farm under 
                                        subtitle B with respect to the 
                                        covered crop for the crop year; 
                                        and
                                            ``(ee) any payments made to 
                                        the eligible producer on a farm 
                                        under section 1502 for the crop 
                                        for the crop year; by
                            ``(ii) in the case of a Federal Crop 
                        Insurance coverage level purchased by the 
                        eligible producer on a farm that is--
                                    ``(I) catastrophic coverage, 75 
                                percent;
                                    ``(II) more than catastrophic 
                                coverage and less than 55 percent 
                                coverage, 80 percent;
                                    ``(III) not less than 55 percent 
                                coverage and less than 60 percent 
                                coverage, 82.5 percent;
                                    ``(IV) not less than 60 percent 
                                coverage and less than 65 percent 
                                coverage, 85 percent;
                                    ``(V) not less than 65 percent 
                                coverage and less than 70 percent 
                                coverage, 87.5 percent;
                                    ``(VI) not less than 70 percent 
                                coverage and less than 75 percent 
                                coverage, 90 percent;
                                    ``(VII) not less than 75 percent 
                                coverage and less than 80 percent 
                                coverage, 92.5 percent; or
                                    ``(VIII) not less than 80 percent 
                                coverage, 95 percent;
                    ``(B) in the case of a covered crop covered under 
                the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program, the 
                product obtained by multiplying--
                            ``(i) the difference between--
                                    ``(I) the share of the eligible 
                                producer on a farm of 95 percent of the 
                                expected crop revenue for the covered 
                                crop for the crop year; and
                                    ``(II) the sum obtained by adding--
                                            ``(aa) the share of the 
                                        eligible producer on a farm of 
                                        the actual revenue for the 
                                        covered crop for the crop year;
                                            ``(bb) the net noninsured 
                                        crop disaster assistance 
                                        program payment;
                                            ``(cc) any payments made to 
                                        the eligible producer on a farm 
                                        under subtitle A with respect 
                                        to the base acres on which the 
                                        covered crop was planted or 
                                        prevented from being planted;
                                            ``(dd) any payments made to 
                                        the eligible producer on a farm 
                                        or on behalf of the eligible 
                                        producer on a farm under 
                                        subtitle B with respect to the 
                                        covered crop for the crop year; 
                                        and
                                            ``(ee) any payments made to 
                                        the eligible producer on a farm 
                                        under section 1502 for the crop 
                                        for the crop year; by
                            ``(ii) in the case of a Noninsured Crop 
                        Disaster Assistance Program coverage level 
                        purchased by the eligible producer on a farm 
                        that is--
                                    ``(I) catastrophic coverage, 75 
                                percent;
                                    ``(II) more than catastrophic 
                                coverage and less than 60 percent 
                                coverage, 80 percent;
                                    ``(III) not less than 60 percent 
                                coverage and less than 70 percent 
                                coverage, 85 percent;
                                    ``(IV) not less than 70 percent 
                                coverage and less than 75 percent 
                                coverage, 90 percent; or
                                    ``(V) not less than 75 percent 
                                coverage, 95 percent; or
                    ``(C) in the case of a covered crop that is neither 
                insured under Federal Crop Insurance nor covered under 
                the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program--
                            ``(i) subject to clause (ii), the product 
                        obtained by multiplying--
                                    ``(I) the difference between--
                                            ``(aa) the share of the 
                                        eligible producer on a farm of 
                                        95 percent of the expected crop 
                                        revenue for the covered crop 
                                        for the crop year; and
                                            ``(bb) the sum obtained by 
                                        adding--

                                                    ``(AA) the share of 
                                                the eligible producer 
                                                on a farm of the actual 
                                                revenue for the covered 
                                                crop for the crop year;

                                                    ``(BB) any payments 
                                                made to the eligible 
                                                producer on a farm 
                                                under subtitle A with 
                                                respect to the base 
                                                acres on which the 
                                                covered commodity was 
                                                planted or prevented 
                                                from being planted;

                                                    ``(CC) any payments 
                                                made to the eligible 
                                                producer on a farm or 
                                                on behalf of the 
                                                eligible producer on a 
                                                farm under subtitle B 
                                                with respect to the 
                                                covered crop for the 
                                                crop year; and

                                                    ``(DD) any payments 
                                                made to the eligible 
                                                producer on a farm 
                                                under section 1502 for 
                                                the crop for the crop 
                                                year; by

                                    ``(II) 70 percent; or
                            ``(ii) if the eligible producer on a farm 
                        is in an area that is not adequately served (as 
                        defined in section 508(a)(7)(A) of the Federal 
                        Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(7)(A))) or 
                        is an underserved producer (as defined in that 
                        section), the product obtained by multiplying--
                                    ``(I) the sum obtained by adding--
                                            ``(aa) the share of the 
                                        eligible producer on a farm of 
                                        the actual revenue for the 
                                        covered crop for the crop year;
                                            ``(bb) any payments made to 
                                        the eligible producer on a farm 
                                        under subtitle A with respect 
                                        to the base acres on which the 
                                        covered crop was planted or 
                                        prevented from being planted;
                                            ``(cc) any payments made to 
                                        the eligible producer on a farm 
                                        or on behalf of the eligible 
                                        producer on a farm under 
                                        subtitle B with respect to the 
                                        covered crop for the crop year; 
                                        and
                                            ``(dd) any payments made to 
                                        the eligible producer on a farm 
                                        under section 1502 for the crop 
                                        for the crop year; by
                                    ``(II) 75 percent.
            ``(2) Vertical integration for producers of wine grapes.--
        In the case of a producer of wine grapes that uses not less 
        than 75 percent of the grapes to produce wine at a facility 
        owned by the producer, the amount of a payment provided to the 
        producer under subsection (d)(1) shall be calculated under 
        paragraph (1) based on the market rate for wine grapes at the 
        time of calculation, in lieu of the revenue of the producer.
    ``(f) Limitations.--For each crop year--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), an eligible 
        producer on a farm may receive payments under subsection (d)(1) 
        in an amount equal to not more than--
                    ``(A) $500,000 for the specialty covered crops and 
                high-value covered crops of the eligible producer on a 
                farm, as determined by the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) $250,000 for the covered crops of the 
                eligible producer on a farm not described in 
                subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Reduced limitations.--If the amount made available to 
        make payments under subsection (d)(1) for a crop year is 
        insufficient to pay all eligible producers on farms that are 
        eligible for payments under that subsection the amount 
        calculated under subsection (e), as limited by paragraph (1), 
        the Secretary shall reduce the limitations described in that 
        paragraph in a manner such that the maximum number of those 
        eligible producers on farms receive 100 percent of the amount 
        calculated under subsection (e).
    ``(g) Timing.--The Secretary shall--
            ``(1) estimate the percentage of qualified losses that will 
        be paid from the amount made available to make payments under 
        subsection (d)(1) for a crop year;
            ``(2) using the estimate under paragraph (1), provide 
        partial payments as soon as practicable after receipt and 
        approval of an application under subsection (c); and
            ``(3) make final payments under subsection (d)(1) for the 
        crop year as soon as practicable after all applications 
        submitted under subsection (c) have been approved, modified, or 
        rejected.
    ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            ``(1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this 
        section for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.
            ``(2) Administrative costs.--Of the amount made available 
        under paragraph (1) for each fiscal year, the Secretary may use 
        not more than 1 percent to pay the administrative costs of the 
        Secretary.''.

                 Subtitle F--Noninsured Crop Assistance

SEC. 1601. NONINSURED CROP ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement 
and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        inserting ``or whole farm revenue in accordance 
                        with clause (ii)'' before ``equivalent to'';
                            (ii) in clause (ii), by striking ``65'' and 
                        inserting ``75'';
                            (iii) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) 
                        as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, and 
                        indenting appropriately;
                            (iv) in the matter preceding subclause (I) 
                        (as so redesignated), by striking ``In the 
                        case'' and inserting the following:
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case''; and
                            (v) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) Option for whole farm revenue 
                        coverage for beginning farmers and ranchers.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Notwithstanding 
                                any other provision of law, the 
                                Secretary shall provide the option for 
                                a beginning farmer or rancher (as 
                                defined in section 502(b) of the 
                                Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
                                1502(b))), during the first 5 years of 
                                operation of a farm or ranch, to 
                                purchase coverage under the program 
                                under this section for the revenue of 
                                the entire farming or ranching 
                                operation, similar to whole farm 
                                revenue protection and micro farm.
                                    ``(II) Sources for revenue 
                                guarantee.--Under the coverage provided 
                                under subclause (I), the Secretary--
                                            ``(aa) shall prioritize the 
                                        use of farm or ranch revenue 
                                        projections from a business 
                                        plan acceptable to the lender 
                                        of the beginning farmer or 
                                        rancher; and
                                            ``(bb) may use to establish 
                                        a revenue guarantee alternative 
                                        sources of information that the 
                                        Secretary determines to be 
                                        sufficient for establishing a 
                                        revenue guarantee under a whole 
                                        farm revenue or micro farm plan 
                                        of insurance in accordance with 
                                        subsection (b)(4)(C), such as--

                                                    ``(AA) financial 
                                                records of the prior 
                                                operator;

                                                    ``(BB) production 
                                                contracts and records; 
                                                and

                                                    ``(CC) other 
                                                sources, as determined 
                                                by the Secretary.

                                    ``(III) Ineligibility for other 
                                policies.--A producer that obtains 
                                coverage provided under subclause (I) 
                                shall be ineligible to purchase a whole 
                                farm revenue protection or micro farm 
                                policy through the Federal crop 
                                insurance program to cover the same 
                                risk.''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (C)--
                            (i) by striking ``program that--'' in the 
                        matter preceding clause (i) and all that 
                        follows through ``best facilitates'' in clause 
                        (i) and inserting the following: ``program--
                            ``(i) to best facilitate'';
                            (ii) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end;
                            (iii) by redesignating clause (ii) as 
                        clause (iv);
                            (iv) by inserting after clause (i) the 
                        following:
                            ``(ii) to ensure that the data are 
                        transferred by the Farm Service Agency and 
                        processed by the Risk Management Agency for the 
                        purpose of facilitating the use of historical 
                        production records for Federal crop insurance 
                        policies;
                            ``(iii) to ensure that the data are 
                        available in a non-personally-identifiable 
                        format consistent with section 502(c) of the 
                        Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(c)) 
                        to private developers of Federal crop insurance 
                        policies for the purpose of creating new 
                        Federal crop insurance policies or endorsements 
                        or expanding the availability of an existing 
                        Federal crop insurance policy or endorsement; 
                        and''; and
                            (v) in clause (iv) (as so redesignated), by 
                        striking ``ensures'' and inserting ``to 
                        ensure'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(4)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Requirement.--
                            ``(i) Definition of underserved producer.--
                        In this subparagraph, the term `underserved 
                        producer' means--
                                    ``(I) a limited resource farmer or 
                                rancher, as defined by the Secretary;
                                    ``(II) a beginning farmer or 
                                rancher, as defined by the Secretary;
                                    ``(III) a veteran farmer or 
                                rancher, as defined by the Secretary; 
                                and
                                    ``(IV) a socially disadvantaged 
                                farmer or rancher, as defined by the 
                                Secretary.
                            ``(ii) Requirement.--The Secretary shall 
                        ensure that an underserved producer is 
                        automatically offered an opportunity to enroll 
                        in catastrophic coverage under subsection 
                        (a)(1)(A)(i)(I) by completing an application 
                        unless the underserved producer opts out--
                                    ``(I) at the time that the producer 
                                is identified as an underserved 
                                producer; or
                                    ``(II) as part of an application 
                                for another program administered by the 
                                Secretary.
                    ``(C) Whole farm revenue and micro farm plans of 
                insurance.--In the case of diverse production systems 
                that are eligible under the plans described in 
                paragraphs (7) and (18) of section 522(c) of the 
                Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)), the 
                Secretary shall establish a streamlined process for 
                submission of records or acreage reports under 
                paragraphs (2) and (3) specifically designed to assist 
                producers to graduate on a voluntary basis to the whole 
                farm revenue or micro farm plan of insurance by 
                establishing the requisite actual production history 
                through participation in the program under this 
                section.'';
            (3) in subsection (c)(2), by adding at the end the 
        following:
                    ``(C) Community ditches.--
                            ``(i) Definition of community ditch.--In 
                        this subparagraph, the term `community ditch' 
                        means a private, unincorporated or cooperative 
                        irrigation ditch system, including an acequia 
                        or an unincorporated mutual ditch company.
                            ``(ii) Causes of loss.--On making a 
                        determination described in subsection (a)(3) 
                        for producers that rely on a community ditch, 
                        the Secretary shall provide assistance under 
                        this section to those producers from all losses 
                        suffered as a result of the causes described in 
                        subsection (a)(3).'';
            (4) in subsection (i)(2)(B), by striking ``$300,000'' and 
        inserting ``$1,000,000''; and
            (5) in subsection (l)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(B)(i)(I), by striking ``65'' 
                and inserting ``75''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraph (B) 
                and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) in the case of additional coverage that is--
                            ``(i) not less than 50 percent and not more 
                        than 65 percent, the lesser of--
                                    ``(I) the sum of the premiums for 
                                each eligible crop, with the premium 
                                for each eligible crop obtained by 
                                multiplying--
                                            ``(aa) the number of acres 
                                        devoted to the eligible crop;
                                            ``(bb) the yield, as 
                                        determined by the Secretary 
                                        under subsection (e);
                                            ``(cc) the coverage level 
                                        elected by the producer;
                                            ``(dd) the average market 
                                        price, as determined by the 
                                        Secretary;
                                            ``(ee) a 5.25-percent 
                                        premium fee; and
                                            ``(ff) the producer's share 
                                        of the crop; and
                                    ``(II) the product obtained by 
                                multiplying--
                                            ``(aa) a 5.25-percent 
                                        premium fee; and
                                            ``(bb) the applicable 
                                        payment limit;
                            ``(ii) not less than 65 percent but not 
                        more than 70 percent, the lesser of--
                                    ``(I) the sum of the premiums for 
                                each eligible crop, with the premium 
                                for each eligible crop obtained by 
                                multiplying--
                                            ``(aa) the number of acres 
                                        devoted to the eligible crop;
                                            ``(bb) the yield, as 
                                        determined by the Secretary 
                                        under subsection (e);
                                            ``(cc) the coverage level 
                                        elected by the producer;
                                            ``(dd) the average market 
                                        price, as determined by the 
                                        Secretary;
                                            ``(ee) a 6.43-percent 
                                        premium fee; and
                                            ``(ff) the producer's share 
                                        of the crop; and
                                    ``(II) the product obtained by 
                                multiplying--
                                            ``(aa) a 6.43-percent 
                                        premium fee; and
                                            ``(bb) the applicable 
                                        payment limit; and
                            ``(iii) not less than 70 percent but not 
                        more than 75 percent, the lesser of--
                                    ``(I) the sum of the premiums for 
                                each eligible crop, with the premium 
                                for each eligible crop obtained by 
                                multiplying--
                                            ``(aa) the number of acres 
                                        devoted to the eligible crop;
                                            ``(bb) the yield, as 
                                        determined by the secretary 
                                        under subsection (e);
                                            ``(cc) the coverage level 
                                        elected by the producer;
                                            ``(dd) the average market 
                                        price, as determined by the 
                                        Secretary;
                                            ``(ee) a 6.64-percent 
                                        premium fee; and
                                            ``(ff) the producer's share 
                                        of the crop; and
                                    ``(II) the product obtained by 
                                multiplying--
                                            ``(aa) a 6.64-percent 
                                        premium fee; and
                                            ``(bb) the applicable 
                                        payment limit.'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph 
                (4); and
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Premium reduction.--The premium amount determined for 
        a producer under paragraph (2) shall be reduced by the same 
        percentage as the percentage reduction in payments for the crop 
        year under a sequestration order issued under the Balanced 
        Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901 
        et seq.) or the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 (2 U.S.C. 
        931 et seq.).''.

                       Subtitle G--Administration

SEC. 1701. REGULATIONS.

    Section 1601(c)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 
9091(c)(2)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
striking ``and section 10109 of that Act'' and inserting ``section 
10109 of that Act, and title I of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
Security Act of 2024 and the amendments made by that title''.

SEC. 1702. SUSPENSION OF PERMANENT PRICE SUPPORT AUTHORITY.

    Section 1602 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9092) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' each place it appears and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 1703. INELIGIBILITY OF LAND OWNED BY FOREIGN PERSONS FOR PROGRAM 
              BENEFITS.

    (a) In General.--Section 1001C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 
U.S.C. 1308-3) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``United States or'' and inserting 
                ``United States,'';
                    (B) by inserting ``, or an alien who has applied 
                for employment authorization and is authorized to 
                accept employment pursuant to section 274a.12(c)(33) of 
                title 8, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor 
                regulation),'' after ``(8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.)''; and
                    (C) by striking ``, unless such person is an 
                individual who is providing land, capital, and a 
                substantial amount of personal labor in the production 
                of crops on such farm''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Land Owned by Foreign Persons.--
            ``(1) In general.--A person or legal entity shall not be 
        eligible to receive any payment under section 1116 or 1117 of 
        the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016, 9017) with respect 
        to land that is owned by--
                    ``(A) any person who is not--
                            ``(i) a citizen of the United States;
                            ``(ii) an alien lawfully admitted into the 
                        United States for permanent residence under the 
                        Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 
                        et seq.); or
                            ``(iii) an alien who has applied for 
                        employment authorization and is authorized to 
                        accept employment pursuant to section 
                        274a.12(c)(33) of title 8, Code of Federal 
                        Regulations (or a successor regulation); or
                    ``(B) a corporation or other entity more than 10 
                percent of the beneficial ownership of which is held by 
                persons described in subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Proportionate ownership.--Notwithstanding paragraph 
        (1), with respect to land determined to be ineligible for 
        payments under that paragraph, the Secretary may make payments 
        under sections 1116 and 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
        U.S.C. 9016, 9017) in an amount determined by the Secretary to 
        be representative of the percentage interests of the land that 
        is owned by--
                    ``(A) citizens of the United States;
                    ``(B) aliens lawfully admitted into the United 
                States for permanent residence under the Immigration 
                and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.); or
                    ``(C) aliens who have applied for employment 
                authorization and are authorized to accept employment 
                pursuant to section 274a.12(c)(33) of title 8, Code of 
                Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation).''.
    (b) Applicability.--The amendments made by this section shall apply 
beginning with the 2025 crop, fiscal, or marketing year, as 
appropriate.

SEC. 1704. ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME LIMITATION.

    (a) In General.--Section 1001D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 
U.S.C. 1308-3a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``In this 
                section,'' and inserting ``Except as otherwise provided 
                in this subsection, in this section,''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Adjustment.--Any income received by a person or legal 
        entity that is a landowner of eligible land (as defined in 
        section 1265A) as compensation for the purchase of an 
        agricultural land easement or a wetland reserve easement on 
        that eligible land under subtitle H of title XII shall be 
        excluded from adjusted gross income for purposes of this 
        section for the taxable year for which the person or legal 
        entity receives such compensation.'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking paragraphs (1) through 
        (3) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Commodity policy.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision of law, a person or legal entity shall not be 
                eligible to receive a payment or benefit under subtitle 
                A of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 
                9011 et seq.) for a crop year if the average adjusted 
                gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds 
                $700,000.
                    ``(B) Land.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
                law, a person or legal entity (except an underserved 
                farmer of covered commodities (as defined in subsection 
                (b)(1) of section 1112 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 
                (7 U.S.C. 9012))) shall not be eligible to receive a 
                payment or benefit under subtitle A of title I of that 
                Act (7 U.S.C. 9011 et seq.) for a crop year with 
                respect to land that is owned by a person or legal 
                entity the average adjusted gross income of which 
                exceeds $700,000.
            ``(2) Marketing assistance loan benefits.--Notwithstanding 
        any other provision of law, a person or legal entity shall not 
        be eligible to receive a marketing loan gain, a loan deficiency 
        payment, or a certificate in lieu of a cash payment under 
        subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 
        9031 et seq.) for a crop or marketing year, as appropriate, if 
        the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity 
        exceeds $700,000.
            ``(3) Supplemental agricultural disaster assistance 
        programs.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraphs (B) and (C), notwithstanding any other 
                provision of law, a person or legal entity shall not be 
                eligible to receive a payment or benefit under subtitle 
                E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 
                9081) for a fiscal year if the average adjusted gross 
                income of the person or legal entity exceeds $700,000.
                    ``(B) Specialty and high-value crops.--
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or 
                legal entity that produces specialty or high-value 
                crops, as determined by the Secretary, shall not be 
                eligible for a payment or benefit under subtitle E of 
                title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081) 
                for a fiscal year if the average adjusted gross income 
                of the person or legal entity exceeds $1,500,000.
                    ``(C) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the 
                limitation established by subparagraph (A) or (B) with 
                respect to a person or legal entity that is an 
                economically distressed producer, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
            ``(4) Conservation benefits.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraphs (B) and (C), notwithstanding any other 
                provision of law, if the average adjusted gross income 
                of a person or legal entity exceeds $700,000, the 
                person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive 
                a payment or benefit for a fiscal year under--
                            ``(i) title II of the Agriculture 
                        Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-334; 
                        132 Stat. 4530);
                            ``(ii) title II of the Agricultural Act of 
                        2014 (Public Law 113-79; 128 Stat. 713);
                            ``(iii) title II of the Food, Conservation, 
                        and Energy Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-246; 122 
                        Stat. 1753);
                            ``(iv) title II of the Farm Security and 
                        Rural Investment Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-
                        171; 116 Stat. 223); or
                            ``(v) title XII of this Act.
                    ``(B) Specialty and high-value crops.--
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or 
                legal entity that produces specialty or high-value 
                crops, as determined by the Secretary, shall not be 
                eligible to receive a payment or benefit under any 
                provision of law described in clauses (i) through (v) 
                of subparagraph (A) for a fiscal year if the average 
                adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity 
                exceeds $1,500,000.
                    ``(C) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the 
                limitation established by subparagraph (A) or (B), on a 
                case-by-case basis, if the Secretary determines that 
                environmentally sensitive land of special significance 
                would be protected as a result of such waiver.
            ``(5) Agricultural management assistance.--Notwithstanding 
        any other provision of law, a person or legal entity shall not 
        be eligible to receive a payment or benefit under section 
        524(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1524(b)) for 
        a fiscal year if the average adjusted gross income of the 
        person or legal entity exceeds $700,000.'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Secretary that 
                                the average'' and inserting the 
                                following: ``Secretary that--
                            ``(i) the average''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``subsection; or'' 
                                in clause (i) (as so designated) and 
                                inserting the following: ``subsection; 
                                and
                            ``(ii) in the case of payments received by 
                        the person or legal entity under subtitle A of 
                        title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
                        U.S.C. 9011 et seq.), the average adjusted 
                        gross income of the person or legal entity that 
                        owns the land with respect to which the 
                        payments are provided does not exceed the 
                        limitation specified in subsection (b)(1)(B); 
                        or''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by inserting 
                        ``described in clause (i) or (ii), as 
                        applicable, of subparagraph (A)'' after 
                        ``person or legal entity''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``subsection 
                (b)(2)'' and inserting ``subsection (b)''; and
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by striking ``In the case'' and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) In general.--In the case'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated), by 
                striking ``subsection (b)(2) made in'' and inserting 
                ``subsection (b) made for''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Applicability to land limitation.--In the case of a 
        payment or benefit described in subsection (b)(1)(B) made for a 
        crop year to a person or legal entity, in addition to any 
        reduction under paragraph (1), the amount of the payment shall 
        be reduced by an amount that is commensurate with the direct 
        and indirect ownership interest in the applicable land of each 
        person or legal entity that has an average adjusted gross 
        income in excess of the limitation specified in that 
        subsection.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 1001(e)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 
        U.S.C. 1308(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``paragraphs (1)(C) 
        and (2)(B) of section 1001D(b)'' and inserting ``section 
        1001D(b)''.
            (2) Section 1240H(c)(3)(B)(i) of the Food Security Act of 
        1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(c)(3)(B)(i)) is amended, in the matter 
        preceding subclause (I), by striking ``1001D(b)(1)'' and 
        inserting ``1001D(b)(4)''.
            (3) Section 1241(i)(2)(C) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
        (16 U.S.C. 3841(i)(2)(C)) is amended by striking 
        ``1001D(b)(3)'' and inserting ``1001D(b)(4)(B)''.
            (4) Section 1271B(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
        U.S.C. 3871b(f)) is amended by striking ``1001D(b)(1)'' and 
        inserting ``1001D(b)(4)''.
            (5) Section 1271C(c)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
        (16 U.S.C. 3871c(c)(3)) is amended by striking ``1001D(b)(2)'' 
        and inserting ``1001D(b)(4)''.
            (6) Section 196(i) of the Federal Agriculture Improvement 
        and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333(i)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (4);
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph 
                (4); and
                    (C) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), in 
                subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by striking ``through 1001D'' and 
                        inserting ``through 1001C''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``1308 et seq.'' and 
                        inserting ``1308 through 1308-3''.
            (7) Section 2507(c)(2)(E) of the Farm Security and Rural 
        Investment Act of 2002 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb-6(c)(2)(E)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in clause (ii), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (B) in clause (iii), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) benefits under section 196 of the 
                        Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act 
                        of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333).''.
    (c) Applicability.--The amendments made by this section shall apply 
beginning with the 2025 crop, fiscal, or marketing year, as 
appropriate.

SEC. 1705. FARM PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION COORDINATION.

    Section 1614 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9097) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``as adjusted pursuant 
        to sections 1112 and 1113'' and inserting ``as adjusted, 
        increased, or reduced pursuant to sections 1112 and 1113'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) direct the Farm Service Agency to engage with the 
        Office of Customer Service and the Office of Digital Services 
        to facilitate efforts under this subsection.'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``pursuant 2 U.S.C. 
                        901(a)'' and inserting ``pursuant to section 
                        251(a) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
                        Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 
                        901(a))''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``such sums as'' and 
                        inserting ``such sums as are''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``repayment provisions of 
                        subtitles B or C'' and inserting ``provisions 
                        of subtitles B and C relating to repayment''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``under subtitles B or C'' 
                        and inserting ``under subtitle B or C''; and
            (4) in subsection (f), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 1706. LEGAL ENTITIES.

    Section 1001(a)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 
1308(a)(3)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
striking ``Federal or State law'' and inserting ``Federal, State, or 
Tribal law''.

SEC. 1707. GEOGRAPHICALLY DISADVANTAGED FARMERS AND RANCHERS.

    Section 1621(c)(3)(B) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 
2008 (7 U.S.C. 8792(c)(3)(B)) is amended by striking ``$15,000,000'' 
and inserting ``$20,000,000''.

SEC. 1708. LIMITATION ON COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding section 5 of the Commodity Credit 
Corporation Charter Act (15 U.S.C. 714c), during fiscal years 2025 
through 2030, the Commodity Credit Corporation is authorized to use its 
general powers only to carry out operations as Congress may 
specifically authorize or provide for.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (a) shall be 
construed to impact funds obligated or transferred to the Secretary 
before the date of enactment of this Act.
    (c) Scoring.--For purposes of preparing a cost estimate of this 
section, the Director of the Congressional Budget Office shall assume 
that the discretionary spending under section 5 of the Commodity Credit 
Corporation Charter Act (15 U.S.C. 714c) for each of fiscal years 2024 
through 2033 shall be equal to $6,700,000,000.

                    Subtitle H--Emergency Assistance

SEC. 1801. EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the 
Secretary shall use to carry out this section $2,000,000,000 for fiscal 
year 2025 to reimburse producers for not more than $20,000 of--
            (1) premiums paid by a producer under a policy or plan of 
        insurance under the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 
        et seq.) for the 2024 reinsurance year;
            (2) fees paid by a producer under the noninsured crop 
        disaster assistance program established by section 196 of the 
        Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 
        U.S.C. 7333) for the 2024 crop year; or
            (3) a combination thereof.
    (b) Special Rule for Program Interaction.--The Secretary shall 
include any amounts received by a producer under subsection (a) in 
determining the net crop insurance indemnity or the net noninsured crop 
disaster assistance program payment for emergency relief program 
payments under section 1503 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 for the 
2024 crop year.

                         TITLE II--CONSERVATION

SEC. 2001. DEFINITIONS.

     Section 1201(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3801(a)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (15), (16), (17), (18), 
        (19), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), and (27) as 
        paragraphs (16), (17), (18), (20), (21), (24), (25), (26), 
        (27), (28), (29), (31), and (32), respectively;
            (2) by striking paragraph (14) and inserting the following:
            ``(14) Indian land; tribal land.--The terms `Indian land' 
        and `Tribal land' mean land that is--
                    ``(A) held in trust by the United States for the 
                benefit of an Indian Tribe or one or more individual 
                members of an Indian Tribe;
                    ``(B) held by an Indian Tribe or one or more 
                individual members of an Indian Tribe, subject to a 
                restriction against alienation or encumbrance by 
                operation of Federal law;
                    ``(C) held in fee by an Indian Tribe or one or more 
                individual members of an Indian Tribe;
                    ``(D) Hawaiian Home Lands (as defined in section 
                801 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-
                Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4221));
                    ``(E) held by a majority-owned Tribal entity or 
                corporation that provides services consistent with the 
                purposes of a program established under this title; or
                    ``(F) any combination of the types of land 
                described in subparagraphs (A) through (E).
            ``(15) Indian tribe.--The terms `Indian tribe' and `Indian 
        Tribe' mean any Indian or Alaska Native tribe, band, nation, 
        pueblo, village, community, component band, or component 
        reservation, individually identified (including 
        parenthetically) in the list published pursuant to section 104 
        of the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994 (25 
        U.S.C. 5131).'';
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (18) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(19) Native Hawaiian organization.--The term `Native 
        Hawaiian organization' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 
        1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517).'';
            (4) by inserting after paragraph (21) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(22) Precision agriculture.--The term `precision 
        agriculture' means managing, tracking, or reducing crop or 
        livestock production inputs, including seed, feed, fertilizer, 
        chemicals, water, and time, at a heightened level of spatial 
        and temporal granularity to improve efficiencies, reduce waste, 
        and maintain environmental quality.
            ``(23) Precision agriculture technology.--The term 
        `precision agriculture technology' means any technology 
        (including equipment that is necessary for the deployment of 
        such technology) that directly contributes to a reduction in, 
        or improved efficiency of, inputs used in crop or livestock 
        production, which may include seed, feed, fertilizer, 
        chemicals, water, and time.''; and
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (29) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(30) Tribal organization.--The term `Tribal organization' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).''.

                    Subtitle A--Wetland Conservation

SEC. 2101. MITIGATION BANKING.

    Section 1222(k)(1)(B) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3822(k)(1)(B)) is amended by striking ``each of fiscal years 2019 
through 2023'' and inserting ``fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year 
thereafter''.

 Subtitle B--Conservation Reserve Program (including Farmable Wetland 
                                Program)

SEC. 2201. CONSERVATION RESERVE.

    (a) In General.--Section 1231(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3831(a)) is amended by striking ``Through the 2023 fiscal 
year, the'' and inserting ``The''.
    (b) Eligible Land.--Section 1231(b) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``the Agriculture 
        Improvement Act of 2018'' and inserting ``the Rural Prosperity 
        and Food Security Act of 2024'';
            (2) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking ``rangeland and 
        pastureland)'' and inserting ``rangeland, pastureland, and 
        pastureland devoted to silvopasture, as determined by the 
        Secretary)'';
            (3) in paragraph (5)(B)(ii), by inserting ``, prairie 
        strip, or filterstrip'' after ``contour grass sod strip'';
            (4) in paragraph (6)(B)(ii), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (5) in paragraph (7)(C), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting a semicolon; and
            (6) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) cropland, marginal pastureland, grasslands, and other 
        rural land that will--
                    ``(A) have a positive impact on water quality in 
                furtherance of the goals of the Conservation Reserve 
                Enhancement Program established by the Secretary under 
                section 1231A; and
                    ``(B) be devoted to a riparian buffer; or
            ``(9) land that is otherwise eligible for enrollment and 
        for which a Tribal, State, or local government law, ordinance, 
        or regulation requires any resource-conserving or environmental 
        protection measure or practice, unless the requirement to 
        implement such a measure or practice has been imposed by an 
        administrative order or a court order, in which case that land 
        shall not be eligible for enrollment.''.
    (c) Enrollment.--Section 1231(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3831(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A) through 
        (E) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) fiscal years 2025 through 2027, not more than 
                27,500,000 acres;
                    ``(B) fiscal year 2028, not more than 28,000,000 
                acres; and
                    ``(C) fiscal year 2029 and each fiscal year 
                thereafter, not more than 29,000,000 acres.'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in clause (i)--
                                    (I) by striking ``2,000,000'' and 
                                inserting ``10,000,000''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``2023; and'' and 
                                inserting ``2029;''; and
                            (ii) by striking clause (ii) and inserting 
                        the following:
                            ``(ii) in carrying out clause (i), to the 
                        maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall 
                        maintain in the conservation reserve at any one 
                        time during--
                                    ``(I) fiscal year 2025, 7,000,000 
                                acres;
                                    ``(II) fiscal year 2026, 8,500,000 
                                acres; and
                                    ``(III) fiscal year 2027 and each 
                                fiscal year thereafter, 10,000,000 
                                acres; and
                            ``(iii) in carrying out clause (i), the 
                        Secretary may maintain in the conservation 
                        reserve at any time during fiscal year 2025 and 
                        each fiscal year thereafter not more than 
                        12,000,000 acres.''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        striking ``may'' and inserting ``shall'';
                            (ii) in clause (ii), by striking ``or'' at 
                        the end;
                            (iii) in clause (iii)(III), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) that comprises native grasslands.'';
            (3) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``establish a 
                Clean Lakes, Estuaries, and Rivers (CLEAR) Initiative 
                to'' after ``Secretary shall''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (C)(i), by striking ``40 
                percent'' and inserting ``45 percent'';
            (4) in paragraph (4), by striking ``each of fiscal years 
        2019 through 2023'' each place it appears and inserting 
        ``fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter''; and
            (5) in paragraph (6)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in clause (i)--
                                    (I) in subclause (II), by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end; and
                                    (II) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                                    ``(IV) land that will be enrolled 
                                under the State acres for wildlife 
                                enhancement practice established by the 
                                Secretary;'';
                            (ii) in clause (ii), by striking the period 
                        at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) the farmable wetland program under 
                        section 1231B; and
                            ``(iv) the CLEAR 30 and soil health and 
                        income protection programs under subsections 
                        (a) and (b), respectively, of section 1231C.''; 
                        and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in clause (i), by striking ``2023'' and 
                        inserting ``2029''; and
                            (ii) in clause (ii)(IV), by striking 
                        ``fiscal years 2022 and 2023'' and inserting 
                        ``fiscal year 2022 and each fiscal year 
                        thereafter''.
    (d) Duration of Contract.--Section 1231(e)(2) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(e)(2)) is amended by inserting ``riparian 
buffers, forest farming,'' after ``windbreaks,''.
    (e) Multi-Year Grasses and Legumes.--Section 1231(g)(2) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(g)(2)) is amended by inserting 
``and other multi-year grasses and legumes'' after ``Alfalfa''.
    (f) Eligibility for Consideration.--Section 1231(h) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(h)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(B)(iii), by inserting ``and 
        windbreaks'' after ``shelterbelts''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Land with grazing infrastructure.--On the expiration 
        of a contract entered into under this subchapter that covers 
        land that includes grazing infrastructure established with cost 
        sharing assistance under section 1234(b)(1)(B)--
                    ``(A) the Secretary shall consider that land to be 
                planted for purposes of subsection (b)(1)(B); and
                    ``(B) that land shall be eligible for reenrollment 
                in the conservation reserve, subject to the 
                requirements of this subchapter.''.
    (g) Balance of Natural Resource Purposes.--Section 1231(i) of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(i)) is amended by striking 
``and wildlife habitat'' and inserting ``drought resilience, wildlife 
habitat, and climate change adaptation, mitigation, and resilience''.

SEC. 2202. CONSERVATION RESERVE ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 1231A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                        subparagraph (E); and
                            (ii) by striking subparagraph (C) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(C) an Indian Tribe or a Tribal organization;
                    ``(D) a Native Hawaiian organization; or'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by inserting ``(other than an 
                agreement described in subsection (e))'' after ``this 
                subchapter'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(A)(vi), by inserting ``or 
                other appropriate practices, such as dryland 
                agricultural uses and grazing,'' after ``conservation 
                practices''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(C) Updates to existing agreements.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                        provide an option to signatories to an 
                        agreement under this subsection to update the 
                        agreement, without renegotiating other 
                        provisions of the agreement, to include new 
                        incentives made available under this subchapter 
                        beginning on January 1, 2018, such as riparian 
                        forest buffer management payments.
                            ``(ii) Matching funds.--Requirements for 
                        matching funds described in paragraph (2)(B) 
                        shall not apply to the updates to an agreement 
                        described in clause (i).'';
            (3) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Drought and water conservation agreements.--
                    ``(A) Retirement of water rights.--In the case of 
                an agreement described in subsection (e) that includes 
                a permanent retirement of water rights, the payment 
                rates for annual payments shall be equal to the 
                irrigated acre payment rates determined by the 
                Secretary.
                    ``(B) Dryland agricultural uses.--In the case of an 
                agreement described in subsection (e) that permits 
                dryland agricultural uses pursuant to paragraph (2) of 
                that subsection, the payment rates for annual payments 
                shall be equal to the difference between--
                            ``(i) the irrigated acre payment rates 
                        determined by the Secretary; and
                            ``(ii) the dryland acre payment rates 
                        determined by the Secretary.'';
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by inserting ``through the long-term 
                        reduction of consumptive water use, as measured 
                        by an evapotranspiration data program or other 
                        monitoring tools'' after ``regional drought 
                        concerns''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``may'' and inserting 
                        ``shall'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``(including 
                agricultural land on which a continuous crop or crop 
                rotation is maintained)'' after ``agricultural land'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``with the adoption of best 
                        management practices on'' and inserting ``in 
                        accordance with a conservation plan adopted 
                        with respect to''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (D) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by inserting ``subject to subsection 
                        (c)(5),'' before ``calculate''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting a semicolon; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) provide financial support for an eligible partner to 
        develop and deploy monitoring tools for measuring the reduction 
        in consumptive water use, at the discretion of the Secretary;
            ``(5) notwithstanding section 1234(b)(5), consider funds 
        contributed by another Federal agency as part of a matching 
        contribution required from an eligible partner under subsection 
        (b)(2)(B) and described in subsection (c)(1);
            ``(6) accept, in lieu of the conservation plan of the 
        Secretary, the conservation plan of an eligible partner with an 
        owner or operator with respect to land enrolled under a CREP, 
        at the discretion of the Secretary; and
            ``(7) limit the number of acres added as enrolled under 
        this subsection to not more than 100,000 acres for the period 
        of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.''; and
            (5) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) any activity under subsection (e), including--
                    ``(A) any obstacles to finalizing an agreement in 
                accordance with that subsection and any recommendations 
                to address those obstacles; and
                    ``(B) any innovations from a CREP that advance the 
                purposes of subsection (e).''.

SEC. 2203. FARMABLE WETLAND PROGRAM.

    Section 1231B(a)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3831b(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``the 2008 through 2023 fiscal 
years'' and inserting ``fiscal year 2008 and each fiscal year 
thereafter''.

SEC. 2204. SPECIAL PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--Section 1231C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
U.S.C. 3831c) is amended by striking the section heading and inserting 
``special programs.''.
    (b) CLEAR 30.--Section 1231C(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3831c(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``pilot'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in clause (i), by striking 
                        ``Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018'' and 
                        inserting ``Rural Prosperity and Food Security 
                        Act of 2024''; and
                            (ii) in clause (ii), by striking ``priority 
                        described in section 1231(d)(3) (or the 
                        predecessor practices that constitute the 
                        priority'' and inserting ``initiative described 
                        in section 1231(d)(3) (or predecessor practices 
                        that provided similar priority''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Transfer.--Prior to the expiration of a 
                covered contract, an owner or operator party to the 
                covered contract may elect to terminate the contract 
                and to enroll that land through a CLEAR 30 contract 
                under this subsection.'';
            (3) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
            ``(3) Eligible land.--Eligible land for enrollment through 
        a CLEAR 30 contract is--
                    ``(A) land under a covered contract; or
                    ``(B) any eligible land described in section 
                1231(d)(3).'';
            (4) in paragraph (8)(B), by striking ``or Indian Tribe'' 
        and inserting ``Indian Tribe, or Tribal organization''; and
            (5) in paragraph (9)(B)(i)--
                    (A) in the clause heading, by inserting ``Tribal,'' 
                after ``State,''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``Tribal,'' after ``State,''.
    (c) Soil Health and Income Protection Program.--Section 1231C(b) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c(b)) is amended--
            (1) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Pilot'';
            (2) by striking ``pilot'' each place it appears;
            (3) in paragraph (1)(A)(ii)--
                    (A) by striking subclause (I) and inserting the 
                following:
                                    ``(I) is in a location in which the 
                                program established under this 
                                subsection can be carried out in a 
                                manner such that the amount of rental 
                                payments made under a contract entered 
                                into under this subsection is less than 
                                the total amount of commodity payments, 
                                crop insurance indemnities, and crop 
                                insurance subsidies that would 
                                otherwise be provided with respect to 
                                the acres to be enrolled in the 
                                program;''; and
                    (B) in subclause (III)--
                            (i) by striking ``verified to be''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``, as determined by the 
                        owner or operator'' before the period at the 
                        end;
            (4) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by striking the paragraph designation and 
                heading and all that follows through ``The Secretary'' 
                in subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:
            ``(2) Establishment.--The Secretary''; and
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (B);
            (5) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)(ii)--
                            (i) by striking subclause (II) and 
                        inserting the following:
                                    ``(II) except as provided in 
                                subparagraph (E), of the actual cost of 
                                establishment of the conserving use 
                                cover crop under subclause (I)--
                                            ``(aa) using the funds of 
                                        the Commodity Credit 
                                        Corporation, the Secretary 
                                        shall pay 50 percent; and
                                            ``(bb) the owner or 
                                        operator of the eligible land 
                                        shall pay 50 percent;'';
                            (ii) in subclause (III), by striking 
                        ``seed, hayed,'' and inserting ``seed''; and
                            (iii) in subclause (V), by striking ``a 
                        nonprofit wildlife organization'' and inserting 
                        ``a nonprofit conservation organization, State 
                        agency, or other non-Federal entity'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by striking ``subparagraphs (E) and'' 
                        and inserting ``subparagraph''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``50 percent'' and 
                        inserting ``75 percent'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (E)--
                            (i) by striking ``the Secretary--'' in the 
                        matter preceding clause (i) and all that 
                        follows through ``a contract'' in the matter 
                        preceding subclause (I) of clause (i) and 
                        inserting ``the Secretary, a contract'';
                            (ii) by striking clause (ii);
                            (iii) by redesignating subclauses (I) and 
                        (II) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and 
                        indenting appropriately;
                            (iv) in clause (i) (as so redesignated), by 
                        striking ``50 percent'' and inserting ``75 
                        percent''; and
                            (v) in clause (ii) (as so redesignated), by 
                        striking ``50 percent'' and inserting ``25 
                        percent''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (F)--
                            (i) in the subparagraph heading, by 
                        striking ``Harvesting, haying, and'' and 
                        inserting ``Harvesting and'';
                            (ii) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        striking ``seed, haying, or'' and inserting 
                        ``seed or''; and
                            (iii) in clause (i), by striking ``hayed 
                        or'';
            (6) by striking paragraph (4); and
            (7) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (4).
    (d) Agroforesty Pilot Program.--Section 1231C of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(c) Agroforestry Pilot Program.--
            ``(1) Definition of eligible land.--In this subsection, the 
        term `eligible land' means cropland--
                    ``(A) that is selected by the owner or operator of 
                the land for proposed enrollment in the pilot program 
                under this subsection;
                    ``(B) that--
                            ``(i) is located within 1 or more of the 
                        States of Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, Wisconsin, 
                        Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania; or
                            ``(ii) is in a location selected by the 
                        Secretary based on consultation with State 
                        Committees of the Farm Service Agency and State 
                        technical committees established under section 
                        1261(a);
                    ``(C) that had a cropping history or was considered 
                to be planted at least 3 of the 10 crop years preceding 
                enrollment, as determined by the Secretary;
                    ``(D) that is located in an area that historically 
                maintained trees, as determined by the Secretary; and
                    ``(E) on which trees and shrubs are to be planted 
                as part of an agroforestry system.
            ``(2) Establishment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
                voluntary agroforestry pilot program (referred to in 
                this subsection as the `pilot program') under which 
                eligible land is enrolled through the use of contracts 
                to assist owners and operators of eligible land in 
                implementing and maintaining agroforestry systems to 
                conserve and improve the soil, water, or wildlife 
                resources of the eligible land.
                    ``(B) Duties of the secretary.--Under a contract 
                entered into with an owner or operator under the pilot 
                program, the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) make payments to the owner or 
                        operator based on rental rates for the eligible 
                        land enrolled in the pilot program; and
                            ``(ii) provide assistance to the owner or 
                        operator in accordance with sections 1233 and 
                        1234 and this subsection.
                    ``(C) Priority.--In entering into contracts under 
                the pilot program, the Secretary shall give priority to 
                contracts focused on the planting of native trees and 
                shrubs.
                    ``(D) Inclusion of acreage limitation.--For 
                purposes of applying the limitations in section 
                1231(d)(6)(B), the Secretary shall include acres of 
                land enrolled under this subsection.
            ``(3) Contracts.--
                    ``(A) Requirements.--A contract entered into under 
                the pilot program shall--
                            ``(i) be entered into by the Secretary, the 
                        owner of the eligible land, and (if applicable) 
                        the operator of the eligible land; and
                            ``(ii) provide that, during the term of the 
                        contract--
                                    ``(I) the most cost-effective 
                                conservation cover that produces non-
                                timber forest products for the eligible 
                                land, as determined by the applicable 
                                State conservationist after considering 
                                the advice of the applicable State 
                                technical committee established under 
                                section 1261(a), shall be planted on 
                                the eligible land;
                                    ``(II) except as provided in 
                                subparagraph (E), the owner or operator 
                                of the eligible land shall pay the cost 
                                of planting the conservation cover 
                                under subclause (I);
                                    ``(III) subject to subparagraph 
                                (F), the eligible land may be harvested 
                                or grazed outside the primary nesting 
                                season established for the applicable 
                                county; and
                                    ``(IV) on notification to the 
                                Secretary, a nonprofit wildlife 
                                organization may provide to the owner 
                                or operator of the eligible land a 
                                payment in exchange for an agreement by 
                                the owner or operator not to harvest 
                                the conservation cover.
                    ``(B) Payments.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraphs (E) and (F)(iv), the annual rental rate 
                for a payment under a contract entered into under the 
                pilot program shall be equal to 90 percent of the 
                average rental rate for the applicable county under 
                section 1234(d), as determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(C) Limitation on enrolled land.--Not more than 
                20 percent of the eligible land on an agricultural 
                operation may be enrolled in the pilot program under 
                this subsection.
                    ``(D) Term.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), each contract entered into under 
                        the pilot program shall be for a term of 10 or 
                        15 years, as determined by the parties to the 
                        contract.
                            ``(ii) Early termination.--
                                    ``(I) Secretary.--The Secretary may 
                                terminate a contract entered into under 
                                the pilot program before the end of the 
                                term described in clause (i) if the 
                                Secretary determines that the early 
                                termination of the contract is 
                                necessary.
                                    ``(II) Owners and operators.--An 
                                owner and (if applicable) an operator 
                                of eligible land enrolled in the pilot 
                                program may terminate a contract 
                                entered into under the pilot program 
                                before the end of the term described in 
                                clause (i) if the owner and (if 
                                applicable) the operator pay to the 
                                Secretary an amount equal to the amount 
                                of rental payments received under the 
                                contract.
                    ``(E) Cost-share and rental rate.--With respect to 
                a contract entered into under the pilot program with an 
                owner or operator described in subsection (b)(3)(E), as 
                determined by the Secretary--
                            ``(i) the contract shall provide that, 
                        during the term of the contract, of the actual 
                        cost of establishment of the conservation cover 
                        under subparagraph (A)(ii)(I)--
                                    ``(I) using the funds of the 
                                Commodity Credit Corporation, the 
                                Secretary shall pay 50 percent; and
                                    ``(II) the owner or operator shall 
                                pay 50 percent; and
                            ``(ii) the annual rental rate for a payment 
                        under the contract shall be equal to 100 
                        percent of the average rental rate for the 
                        applicable county under section 1234(d), as 
                        determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(F) Harvesting and grazing.--The harvesting or 
                grazing of eligible land under subparagraph 
                (A)(ii)(III) outside of the primary nesting season 
                established for the applicable county shall be subject 
                to the conditions that--
                            ``(i) any harvesting shall not damage the 
                        conservation cover or other conservation 
                        benefits of the enrollment of the eligible land 
                        in the pilot program;
                            ``(ii) any harvesting does not include the 
                        production of wood products;
                            ``(iii) any grazing is consistent with the 
                        long-term protection and enhancement of the 
                        conservation resources of the eligible land; 
                        and
                            ``(iv) the owner or operator shall be 
                        subject to a reduction in the rental rate of 50 
                        percent, unless the Secretary determines that 
                        the harvesting or grazing will cause no 
                        reduction in the environmental benefits of the 
                        established conservation cover on the eligible 
                        land.
            ``(4) Acreage limitation.--Of the number of acres available 
        for enrollment in the conservation reserve under section 
        1231(d)(1), not more than 50,000 total acres of eligible land 
        may be enrolled under the pilot program.
            ``(5) Coordination.--For the purpose of enrolling acres 
        under the pilot program, the Administrator of the Farm Service 
        Agency shall coordinate with the Chief of the Natural Resources 
        Conservation Service, the Chief of the Forest Service, the 
        Director of the National Agroforestry Center, regional 
        agroforestry working groups, State technical committees 
        established under section 1261(a), applicable State forestry 
        agencies, and nongovernmental organizations with demonstrated 
        expertise.
            ``(6) Transition.--The Secretary shall provide an 
        opportunity to enroll in the pilot program land described in 
        section 1231(b)(5) that is enrolled in the conservation reserve 
        on the date of enactment of this subsection.
            ``(7) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, and not less frequently than once 
        every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and 
        the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
        Senate a report describing the viability of transitioning 
        eligible land enrolled in the pilot program to agroforestry 
        systems, including--
                    ``(A) the estimated conservation value of the 
                eligible land enrolled in the pilot program;
                    ``(B) the estimated economic value of the trees and 
                shrubs planted as part of the pilot program; and
                    ``(C) estimated savings for the Federal Government, 
                including savings from reduced commodity payments, crop 
                insurance indemnities, and crop insurance premium 
                subsidies.''.

SEC. 2205. CONSERVATION RESERVE EASEMENTS.

    Subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 is amended by inserting after section 1231C (16 
U.S.C. 3831c) the following:

``SEC. 1231D. CONSERVATION RESERVE EASEMENTS.

    ``(a) In General.--
            ``(1) Enrollment.--The Secretary shall offer to enroll land 
        in the conservation reserve program through a conservation 
        reserve easement in accordance with this section.
            ``(2) Exclusion of acreage limitation.--For purposes of 
        applying the limitations in section 1231(d)(1), the Secretary 
        shall not count acres of land enrolled under this section.
    ``(b) Eligible Land.--Only land subject to an expired covered 
contract (as defined in section 1235(i)(1)) shall be eligible for 
enrollment through a conservation reserve easement under this section.
    ``(c) Term.--The term of a conservation reserve easement shall be--
            ``(1) permanent; or
            ``(2) the maximum period allowed by State law.
    ``(d) Agreements.--To be eligible to enroll land in the 
conservation reserve program through a conservation reserve easement, 
the owner of the land shall enter into an agreement with the 
Secretary--
            ``(1) to grant an easement on the land to the Secretary;
            ``(2) to implement a conservation reserve easement plan 
        developed for the land under subsection (h)(1);
            ``(3) to create and record an appropriate deed restriction 
        in accordance with applicable State law to reflect the 
        easement;
            ``(4) to provide a written statement of consent to the 
        easement signed by any person holding a security interest in 
        the land;
            ``(5) to comply with the terms and conditions of the 
        easement and any related agreements; and
            ``(6) to permanently retire any existing base acres (as 
        defined in section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
        U.S.C. 9011)) history for the land covered by the easement.
    ``(e) Terms and Conditions of Easements.--
            ``(1) In general.--A conservation reserve easement shall 
        include terms and conditions that--
                    ``(A) permit--
                            ``(i) repairs, improvements, and 
                        inspections on the land that are necessary to 
                        maintain existing public drainage systems; and
                            ``(ii) owners to control public access on 
                        the land while identifying access routes to be 
                        used for restoration activities and management 
                        and easement monitoring;
                    ``(B) prohibit--
                            ``(i) the alteration of wildlife habitat 
                        and other natural features of the land, unless 
                        specifically authorized by the Secretary as 
                        part of the conservation reserve easement plan 
                        under subsection (h)(1);
                            ``(ii) the spraying of the land with 
                        chemicals or the mowing of the land, except 
                        where the spraying or mowing is authorized by 
                        the Secretary or is necessary--
                                    ``(I) to comply with Federal or 
                                State noxious weed control laws;
                                    ``(II) to comply with a Federal or 
                                State emergency pest treatment program; 
                                or
                                    ``(III) to meet habitat needs of 
                                specific wildlife species;
                            ``(iii) any activity to be carried out on 
                        the land of the owner or successor that is 
                        immediately adjacent to, and functionally 
                        related to, the land that is subject to the 
                        easement if the activity will alter, degrade, 
                        or otherwise diminish the functional value of 
                        the land; and
                            ``(iv) the adoption of any other practice 
                        that would tend to defeat the purposes of the 
                        conservation reserve program, as determined by 
                        the Secretary; and
                    ``(C) include any additional provision that the 
                Secretary determines is appropriate to carry out this 
                section or facilitate the practical administration of 
                this section.
            ``(2) Violation.--On the violation of a term or condition 
        of a conservation reserve easement--
                    ``(A) the conservation reserve easement shall 
                remain in force; and
                    ``(B) the Secretary may require the owner to refund 
                all or part of any payments received by the owner under 
                the program, with interest on payments, as determined 
                appropriate by the Secretary.
            ``(3) Compatible uses.--Land subject to a conservation 
        reserve easement may be used for compatible economic uses, 
        including hunting and fishing, managed timber harvest, periodic 
        haying outside of the primary nesting season, or periodic 
        grazing, if the use--
                    ``(A) is specifically permitted by the conservation 
                reserve easement plan developed for the land under 
                subsection (h)(1); and
                    ``(B) is consistent with the long-term protection 
                and enhancement of the conservation resources for which 
                the easement was established.
    ``(f) Compensation.--
            ``(1) Determination.--
                    ``(A) Permanent easements.--The Secretary shall pay 
                as compensation for a permanent conservation reserve 
                easement acquired under this section an amount 
                necessary to encourage enrollment of land in such a 
                conservation reserve easement, based on the lowest of--
                            ``(i) the fair market value of the land, as 
                        determined by the Secretary, using the Uniform 
                        Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice or 
                        an areawide market analysis or survey;
                            ``(ii) the amount corresponding to a 
                        geographical limitation, as determined by the 
                        Secretary in regulations prescribed by the 
                        Secretary; or
                            ``(iii) the offer made by the landowner.
                    ``(B) Other.--Compensation for a conservation 
                reserve easement that is not permanent due to a 
                restriction in applicable State law shall be not less 
                than 50 percent, but not more than 75 percent, of the 
                compensation that would be paid for a permanent 
                conservation reserve easement.
            ``(2) Form of payment.--Compensation for a conservation 
        reserve easement shall be provided by the Secretary in the form 
        of a cash payment, in an amount determined under paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Payments.--The Secretary may provide payment under 
        this subsection to a landowner using--
                    ``(A) 10 annual payments; or
                    ``(B) 1 payment.
            ``(4) Timing.--The Secretary shall provide any annual 
        easement payment obligation under paragraph (3)(A) as early as 
        practicable in each fiscal year.
            ``(5) Payments to others.--The Secretary shall make a 
        payment, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the 
        Secretary, in a manner as the Secretary determines is fair and 
        reasonable under the circumstances, if an owner who is entitled 
        to a payment under this section--
                    ``(A) dies;
                    ``(B) becomes incompetent;
                    ``(C) is succeeded by another person or entity who 
                renders or completes the required performance; or
                    ``(D) is otherwise unable to receive the payment.
    ``(g) Technical Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall assist owners in 
        complying with the terms and conditions of a conservation 
        reserve easement.
            ``(2) Contracts or agreements.--The Secretary may enter 
        into 1 or more contracts with private entities or agreements 
        with a State, nongovernmental organization, Indian Tribe, or 
        Tribal organization to carry out necessary restoration, 
        maintenance, repair, assessment, or monitoring of a 
        conservation reserve easement if the Secretary determines that 
        the contract or agreement will advance the purposes of the 
        conservation reserve program.
    ``(h) Administration.--
            ``(1) Conservation reserve easement plan.--The Secretary 
        shall develop a conservation reserve easement plan for any land 
        subject to a conservation reserve easement, which shall include 
        practices and activities necessary to maintain, protect, and 
        enhance the conservation value of the enrolled land.
            ``(2) Delegation of easement administration.--
                    ``(A) Federal, state, tribal, or local government 
                agencies.--The Secretary may delegate any of the 
                management, monitoring, and enforcement 
                responsibilities of the Secretary under this section to 
                other Federal, State, Tribal, or local government 
                agencies that have the appropriate authority, 
                expertise, and resources necessary to carry out those 
                delegated responsibilities.
                    ``(B) Conservation organizations.--The Secretary 
                may delegate any management responsibilities of the 
                Secretary under this section to conservation 
                organizations, including Tribal organizations dedicated 
                to conservation and natural resource management, if the 
                Secretary determines the conservation organization has 
                similar expertise and resources.''.

SEC. 2206. DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.

    (a) Specific Activities Permitted.--Section 1233(b)(1) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(b)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by inserting ``subject to 
        clause (i)(III), and subclauses (I) and (II) of clause (ii), of 
        subparagraph (B),'' before ``are subject to''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (B)(i)--
                    (A) by striking subclause (III);
                    (B) by redesignating subclauses (I) and (II) as 
                subclauses (II) and (III), respectively;
                    (C) by inserting before subclause (II) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
                                    ``(I) emergency haying in response 
                                to a localized or regional drought, 
                                flooding, wildfire, or other emergency, 
                                on certain practices, outside the 
                                primary nesting season on not more than 
                                50 percent of contract acres, as 
                                identified in the site-specific plan, 
                                when--
                                            ``(aa) the county is 
                                        designated as D2 (severe 
                                        drought) or greater according 
                                        to the United States Drought 
                                        Monitor during the primary 
                                        nesting season;
                                            ``(bb) there is at least a 
                                        40 percent loss in forage 
                                        production in the county; or
                                            ``(cc) the Secretary, in 
                                        coordination with the State 
                                        technical committee, determines 
                                        that the program can assist in 
                                        the response to a natural 
                                        disaster event without 
                                        permanent damage to the 
                                        established cover;'';
                    (D) in subclause (II) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) by striking the matter preceding item 
                        (aa) and inserting the following:
                                    ``(II) emergency grazing on all 
                                practices, outside the primary nesting 
                                season, on not more than 50 percent of 
                                contract acres or subject to a 50 
                                percent reduction in the stocking rate, 
                                as identified in the site-specific 
                                plan, in response to a localized or 
                                regional drought, flooding, wildfire, 
                                or other emergency, when--''; and
                            (ii) in item (aa), by striking ``Monitor;'' 
                        and inserting ``Monitor during the primary 
                        nesting season;''; and
                    (E) in subclause (III) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``payments are authorized for a county under 
                the livestock forage disaster program under clause (ii) 
                of section 1501(c)(3)(D) of the Agricultural Act of 
                2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(c)(3)(D))'' and inserting ``the 
                county is designated as D3 (extreme drought) or greater 
                according to the United States Drought Monitor during 
                the primary nesting season''.
    (b) Authorized Activities on Grasslands.--Section 1233(c)(3) of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(c)(3)) is amended by 
inserting ``restoration of native plant species, prescribed burning (in 
consultation with the applicable State technical committee established 
under section 1261(a)),'' before ``and construction''.
    (c) Conservation Outcomes Monitoring.--Section 1233 of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
    ``(f) Conservation Outcomes Monitoring.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish long-term 
        monitoring of conservation outcomes of program enrollments, 
        including pilot projects, to determine program results with 
        respect to--
                    ``(A) soil conservation, soil health, and carbon 
                sequestration;
                    ``(B) water quality and quantity; and
                    ``(C) biodiversity and wildlife habitat.
            ``(2) Report on outcomes.--Not later than 2 years after the 
        date of enactment of this subsection, and every 3 years 
        thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress, and make 
        publicly available, a report that includes--
                    ``(A) a description of conservation outcomes 
                achieved;
                    ``(B) a description of the approaches, tools, and 
                methods used to measure or model the conservation 
                outcomes reported; and
                    ``(C) recommendations and guidance to improve 
                conservation outcomes.''.

SEC. 2207. PAYMENTS.

    (a) Cost Sharing Payments.--Section 1234(b) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``50 percent'' and inserting ``a 
                portion''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``, including seed cost,'' after 
                ``conservation measures and practices'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as 
        paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively;
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Rate for certain measures and practices.--The portion 
        of the establishment cost described in paragraph (1) that the 
        Secretary shall pay shall be--
                    ``(A) in the case of water quality and conservation 
                measures and practices that focus on establishing non-
                native habitat, 35 percent; and
                    ``(B) notwithstanding paragraph (5) and subject to 
                paragraph (3), in the case of all other water quality 
                and conservation measures and practices, 50 percent.
            ``(3) State high-priority conservation practices.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Each State technical committee 
                established under section 1261(a) may select up to 3 
                conservation practices described in subparagraph (B) 
                that shall be eligible for payment by the Secretary of 
                65 percent of the establishment cost described in 
                paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Conservation practices described.--A 
                conservation practice referred to in subparagraph (A) 
                is a conservation practice described in paragraph 
                (2)(B) that provides 1 or more of the following 
                benefits:
                            ``(i) Incentivizing restoration of early 
                        successional habitat and grasslands with native 
                        plant materials.
                            ``(ii) Establishing rare or declining 
                        habitat.
                            ``(iii) Addressing water quality concerns 
                        relating to impingement of nearby waterways.
                            ``(iv) Supporting the goals of the State 
                        climate adaptation, mitigation, or resilience 
                        plan.'';
            (4) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        subparagraphs (B) and (C) and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Management payments.--The Secretary shall 
                make cost sharing payments to an owner or operator 
                under this subchapter for any management activity 
                described in section 1232(a)(5) in accordance with 
                subsection (c), except for those management activities 
                relating to haying or grazing.''; and
            (5) in paragraph (6) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by inserting ``not less than 40 percent and'' 
                before ``not to exceed 50 percent'';
                    (B) by striking ``In addition'' and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(A) In general.--In addition''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Minimum payment for certain contracts.--In 
                the case of a contract updated under section 
                1231A(b)(3)(C)(i), the incentive payment under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be in an amount that is not less 
                than 40 percent of the actual costs described in that 
                subparagraph.''.
    (b) Supplemental Practice Payments.--Section 1234 of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834) is amended by striking subsection 
(c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Supplemental Practice Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--Using funds made available under section 
        1241(a)(2), the Secretary may make available--
                    ``(A) additional incentive payments to an owner or 
                operator of eligible land in an amount sufficient to 
                encourage--
                            ``(i) proper thinning and other practices 
                        to improve the condition of resources, promote 
                        forest management, or enhance wildlife habitat 
                        on the land;
                            ``(ii) establishment of grazing 
                        infrastructure, including interior cross 
                        fencing, perimeter fencing, and water 
                        infrastructure (such as rural water 
                        connections, water wells, pipelines, and water 
                        tanks), under each contract, for all practices, 
                        if grazing is included in the conservation plan 
                        and addresses a resource concern;
                            ``(iii) prescribed burning, including for 
                        the cost of liability insurance, necessary to 
                        promote the quality and resiliency of native 
                        habitat established on enrolled land; and
                            ``(iv) any management activity described in 
                        section 1232(a)(5), except for those management 
                        activities relating to emergency haying or 
                        grazing; and
                    ``(B) funds to carry out section 1235(f) to 
                facilitate the transfer of land subject to contracts 
                from contract holders to covered farmers or ranchers 
                (as defined in section 1235(f)(1)), including to 
                provide outreach and technical assistance to facilitate 
                such transfers.
            ``(2) Limitation.--A payment described in paragraph (1)(A) 
        may not exceed 100 percent of the total cost of practices 
        conducted by the owner or operator.''.
    (c) Annual Rental Payments.--Section 1234(d) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (C) 
                as clauses (i) through (iii), respectively, and 
                indenting appropriately;
                    (B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so 
                redesignated), by striking ``In determining'' and 
                inserting the following:
                    ``(A) Determination.--In determining''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Adjustment.--The Secretary shall adjust the 
                annual rental payment determined under subparagraph (A) 
                based on an analysis of local rental rate trends such 
                that--
                            ``(i) the annual rental payment reflects 
                        the likely changes in market rental rates over 
                        the term of the contract; and
                            ``(ii) the inflation adjustment does not 
                        increase the annual rental payment by more than 
                        10 percent.'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)(B)(i)--
                    (A) by striking ``85 percent'' and inserting ``95 
                percent''; and
                    (B) by striking ``90 percent'' and inserting ``100 
                percent''; and
            (3) in paragraph (4)(E)--
                    (A) in clause (i), by striking ``85 percent'' and 
                inserting ``95 percent''; and
                    (B) in clause (ii), by striking ``90 percent'' and 
                inserting ``100 percent''.
    (d) Payment Limitation for Rental Payments.--Section 1234(g)(1) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(g)(1)) is amended by 
striking ``$50,000'' and inserting ``$125,000''.

SEC. 2208. CONTRACTS.

    Section 1235 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(1)(B)(iii), by inserting ``, 
        including agroforestry and other productive perennial systems'' 
        after ``methods'';
            (2) in subsection (f)(1)(A)(i), by inserting ``or 
        establishing agroforestry and other productive perennial 
        systems'' after ``crop''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Owner or Operator Election Relating to Conservation Reserve 
Easements.--
            ``(1) Definition of covered contract.--In this subsection, 
        the term `covered contract' means a contract entered into under 
        this subchapter--
                    ``(A) during the period beginning on the date of 
                enactment of this subsection and ending on September 
                30, 2029; and
                    ``(B) that covers land enrolled in the conservation 
                reserve program--
                            ``(i) under the Clean Lakes, Estuaries, and 
                        Rivers (CLEAR) Initiative established under 
                        section 1231(d)(3); or
                            ``(ii) that is located in a State acres for 
                        wildlife enhancement area established by the 
                        Secretary.
            ``(2) Election.--On the expiration of a covered contract, 
        an owner or operator party to the covered contract shall 
        elect--
                    ``(A) not to reenroll the land under the contract;
                    ``(B) to reenroll the land under the contract, 
                subject to the conditions that--
                            ``(i) the annual rental payment shall be 
                        decreased by 40 percent; and
                            ``(ii) no incentive payments shall be 
                        provided under the contract; or
                    ``(C) not to reenroll the land under the contract 
                and to enroll the land under the contract in a 
                conservation reserve easement under section 1231D.
            ``(3) Exception.--On the expiration of a covered contract, 
        if land enrolled in the conservation reserve program under that 
        contract is determined by the Secretary to not be suitable for 
        permanent protection through a conservation reserve easement 
        under section 1231D, notwithstanding paragraph (2)(B), the 
        Secretary shall allow the land to be reenrolled under the terms 
        of the conservation reserve program in effect on the date of 
        expiration.
    ``(j) Enrollment in Other Conservation Programs.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), an owner or 
        operator party to a contract entered into under this subchapter 
        may--
                    ``(A) subject to section 1240B(d)(6), enroll the 
                land enrolled under the contract in the environmental 
                quality incentives program established under subchapter 
                A of chapter 4;
                    ``(B) subject to section 1271B(g), receive cost-
                share assistance under the regional conservation 
                partnership program established under subtitle I with 
                respect to the land enrolled under the contract; or
                    ``(C) both enroll land in accordance with 
                subparagraph (A) and receive cost-share assistance in 
                accordance with subparagraph (B).
            ``(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection 
        shall be construed to prevent an owner or operator party to a 
        contract entered into under this subchapter from simultaneously 
        receiving a rental payment under the terms of that contract and 
        cost-share assistance under the environmental quality 
        incentives program established under subchapter A of chapter 4 
        or the regional conservation partnership program established 
        under subtitle I.
            ``(3) Limitation.--An owner or operator party to a contract 
        entered into under this subchapter shall not be eligible to 
        receive a cost-share payment under more than 1 program 
        established under this title for the same activity carried out 
        on the same land.''.

 Subtitle C--Environmental Quality Incentives Program and Conservation 
                          Stewardship Program

            PART I--ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVES PROGRAM

SEC. 2301. PURPOSES.

    Section 1240 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa) is 
amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``and environmental quality'' and inserting ``environmental 
        quality, and climate change adaptation and mitigation'';
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``and'' at 
                the end; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) climate change adaptation, mitigation, and 
                resilience;'';
            (3) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting ``sequestering 
        carbon, increasing drought resilience, reducing greenhouse gas 
        emissions, and'' before ``conserving energy''; and
            (4) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``climate change and'' 
        before ``increasing weather volatility''.

SEC. 2302. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 1240A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-1) 
is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``a practice'' and 
        inserting ``a management practice, including a land or 
        livestock management practice,'';
            (2) in paragraph (6)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in clause (ii), by inserting ``or 
                        livestock'' before ``management'';
                            (ii) by redesignating clauses (v) through 
                        (vii) as clauses (vi) through (viii), 
                        respectively; and
                            (iii) by inserting after clause (iv) the 
                        following:
                            ``(v) native habitat restoration;''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in clause (i), by striking 
                        ``planning;'' and inserting ``planning that, 
                        where practicable, incorporates planning for 
                        reductions in greenhouse gas emissions;'';
                            (ii) in clause (v)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``(including 
                                planning for the adoption of precision 
                                agriculture practices and precision 
                                agriculture technology)'' after 
                                ``planning''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``and'' at the 
                                end;
                            (iii) by redesignating clause (vi) as 
                        clause (vii); and
                            (iv) by inserting after clause (v) the 
                        following:
                            ``(vi) greenhouse gas emissions reduction 
                        planning; and''; and
            (3) in paragraph (7)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``Tribal,'' 
                before ``or local''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``State or 
                region'' and inserting ``State, at a regional scale, or 
                on Indian land''.

SEC. 2303. ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) Payments.--Section 1240B(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(d)) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the following:
            ``(6) Other payments.--
                    ``(A) Enrollment in other conservation programs.--
                Subject to subparagraph (B), a producer party to a 
                contract entered into under this subchapter may--
                            ``(i) subject to section 1235(j), enroll 
                        the eligible land enrolled under the contract 
                        in the conservation reserve program established 
                        under subchapter B of chapter 1;
                            ``(ii) subject to section 1271B(g), receive 
                        cost-share assistance under the regional 
                        conservation partnership program established 
                        under subtitle I with respect to the eligible 
                        land enrolled under the contract; or
                            ``(iii) both enroll land in accordance with 
                        clause (i) and receive cost-share assistance in 
                        accordance with clause (ii).
                    ``(B) Limitation.--A producer shall not be eligible 
                for payments for practices on eligible land under the 
                program if the producer receives payments or other 
                benefits for the same practice on the same land under 
                another program under this subtitle.
                    ``(C) Conservation loan and loan guarantee program 
                payments.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A producer receiving 
                        payments for practices on eligible land under 
                        the program may also receive a loan or loan 
                        guarantee under section 304 of the Consolidated 
                        Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924) 
                        to cover costs for the same practices on the 
                        same land.
                            ``(ii) Notice to producers.--The Secretary 
                        shall inform a producer participating in the 
                        program in writing of the availability of a 
                        loan or loan guarantee under section 304 of the 
                        Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
                        U.S.C. 1924) as it relates to the costs of 
                        implementing practices under the program.'';
            (2) in paragraph (7)(A)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding clause (i)--
                            (i) by striking ``Each State'' and 
                        inserting ``The designee of the Secretary in 
                        each State''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``the State,'' and 
                        inserting ``the State and, in the case of 
                        Indian land, the applicable Tribal conservation 
                        advisory council,'';
                    (B) in clause (iii), by striking ``; or'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (C) in clause (iv), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(v) provides a reduction of greenhouse 
                        gas emissions, including enteric methane 
                        emissions from livestock, or sequesters carbon; 
                        or
                            ``(vi) furthers efforts to implement the 
                        climate adaptation and resilience plan of a 
                        State, Indian Tribe, or local government.''; 
                        and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) Enteric methane emissions reducing practices.--
        Notwithstanding paragraph (2), in the case of a practice 
        relating to the management of livestock to reduce enteric 
        methane emissions, the Secretary shall increase the amount that 
        would otherwise be provided for a practice under this 
        subsection to not more than 75 percent of the costs associated 
        with that management, including the cost of methane-inhibiting 
        products for livestock.''.
    (b) Allocation of Funding.--Section 1240B(f) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(f)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``each of fiscal years 
        2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``fiscal year 2019 and each 
        fiscal year thereafter'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking the paragraph designation 
        and heading and all that follows through ``For each of fiscal 
        years 2019 through 2031'' in subparagraph (B) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(2) Wildlife habitat.--For fiscal year 2019 and each 
        fiscal year thereafter''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Small farms.--For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal 
        year thereafter, at least 10 percent of the funds made 
        available for payments under the program shall be targeted at 
        practices implemented on small farms, as determined by the 
        Secretary.''.
    (c) Water Conservation or Irrigation Efficiency Practice.--Section 
1240B(h)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(h)(2)) 
is amended by striking subparagraphs (C) and (D) and inserting the 
following:
                    ``(C) Waiver authority.--The Secretary shall waive 
                the applicability of the limitations in sections 
                1001D(b) and 1240G for a payment made under a contract 
                entered into under this paragraph if the total amount 
                of payments received by the person or legal entity 
                under the contract during either of the period of 
                fiscal years 2025 through 2029 or the period of fiscal 
                years 2030 and 2031 does not exceed--
                            ``(i) the product obtained by multiplying--
                                    ``(I) the maximum payment for the 
                                applicable period under section 1240G; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) the number of producers 
                                served by the contract through the 
                                entity that is party to the contract; 
                                less
                            ``(ii) the sum of any other payments 
                        received under the program during either of the 
                        period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 or the 
                        period of fiscal years 2030 and 2031 by--
                                    ``(I) producers served by the 
                                contract; and
                                    ``(II) the entity that is party to 
                                the contract, limited to the proportion 
                                of those payments that benefit those 
                                producers served by the contract.''.
    (d) Payments for Conservation Practices Related to Organic 
Production.--Section 1240B(i)(3)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(i)(3)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (i)(II), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting a semicolon; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) during the period of fiscal years 
                        2025 through 2029, $450,000; and
                            ``(iv) during each 5-fiscal-year period 
                        thereafter, $450,000.''.
    (e) Conservation Incentive Contracts.--Section 1240B(j) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(j)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``concerns'' and 
        inserting ``concerns, which may include emissions of nitrous 
        oxide or methane (referred to in this subsection as `greenhouse 
        gas emissions') or storage of carbon in plants or soil 
        (referred to in this subsection as `carbon storage'),''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)(ii)(I), by striking 
                ``conservation'' and inserting ``conservation, 
                reductions of greenhouse gas emissions, or increased 
                levels of carbon storage''; and
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(B) Term.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        a contract under this subsection shall have a 
                        term of not less than 5, and not more than 10, 
                        years.
                            ``(ii) Graduation option.--The Secretary 
                        may reduce the term of a contract under this 
                        subsection if the producer enters into a 
                        conservation stewardship contract under section 
                        1240K with respect to the eligible land that is 
                        subject to the contract under this 
                        subsection.''.
    (f) Annual Report to Congress.--Section 1240B of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(k) Annual Report to Congress.--Not less frequently than once 
each year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing--
            ``(1) the amount obligated under the program with respect 
        to each category of practice, with information categorized by 
        fiscal year and State; and
            ``(2) the amount obligated under the program in each State, 
        with information categorized by fiscal year and the size of the 
        operation of each producer.''.
    (g) Streamlining and Coordination.--Section 1240B of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2) (as amended by subsection 
(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Streamlining and Coordination.--To the maximum extent 
feasible, the Secretary shall provide for streamlined and coordinated 
procedures for the program and the conservation stewardship program 
under subchapter B, including applications, contracting, conservation 
planning, conservation practices, and related administrative 
procedures.''.

SEC. 2304. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVES PROGRAM PLAN.

    Section 1240E(a)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3839aa-5(a)(3)) is amended by inserting ``, and a greenhouse gas 
emissions reduction plan'' after ``if applicable''.

SEC. 2305. LIMITATION ON PAYMENTS.

    Section 1240G of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-7) 
is amended by striking ``exceed'' and all that follows through the 
period at the end and inserting the following: ``for all contracts 
entered into under this subchapter by the person or legal entity 
(regardless of the number of such contracts entered into by such person 
or legal entity), exceed $450,000 during--
            ``(1) the period of fiscal years 2014 through 2018;
            ``(2) the period of fiscal years 2019 through 2023;
            ``(3) the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029; or
            ``(4) each 5-fiscal-year period thereafter.''.

SEC. 2306. CONSERVATION INNOVATION GRANTS AND PAYMENTS.

    (a) Competitive Grants for Innovative Conservation Approaches.--
Section 1240H(a)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
8(a)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``pay the cost of'' and inserting 
        ``award'';
            (2) by inserting ``the development and evaluation of new 
        and'' before ``innovative approaches''; and
            (3) by inserting ``, including for the purpose of 
        incorporating innovation and new technologies into existing 
        conservation practice standards or establishing new 
        conservation practice standards'' before the period at the end.
    (b) On-Farm Conservation Innovation Trials.--Section 1240H(c) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B)(i)--
                    (A) in subclause (II), by inserting ``on-farm 
                nutrient recycling,'' after ``plans,'';
                    (B) in each of subclauses (VI) and (VII), by 
                striking ``and'' at the end; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(VII) perennial production 
                                systems, including agroforestry and 
                                perennial forages and grain crops; and
                                    ``(VIII) livestock-related 
                                practices that reduce greenhouse gas 
                                emissions, including enteric methane 
                                emissions; and'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
                clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting 
                appropriately;
                    (B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so 
                redesignated)--
                            (i) by striking ``2019 through 2031, the 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``2019 through 2024 
                        and $50,000,000 of the funds made available to 
                        carry out this subchapter for fiscal year 2025 
                        and each fiscal year thereafter, the 
                        Secretary''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Using'' and inserting 
                        the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--Using''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Allocation of funding.--Of the funds made 
                available under subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 
                and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall 
                use 50 percent to provide grants for soil health 
                demonstration trials established under paragraph 
                (7).''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) Enteric methane emissions studies.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary 
                shall carry out one or more studies on changes in 
                methane emissions and, if feasible, economic outcomes, 
                generated as a result of livestock-related practices 
                that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including enteric 
                methane emissions.
                    ``(B) Reports.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this paragraph, and annually 
                thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
                on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
                and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives a report on the progress and results 
                under subparagraph (A).''.
    (c) Reporting and Database.--Section 1240H(d) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``including, if 
        feasible'' and inserting ``including any barriers to or best 
        practices for the adoption of new and innovative conservation 
        approaches identified through the activities, opportunities for 
        future research, and, if feasible'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Public-facing reports.--Not later than 1 year after 
        the completion of a project funded under this section, the 
        Secretary shall publish a public-facing report, submitted by 
        the grant recipient following the completion of the grant 
        period, that includes an assessment of--
                    ``(A) the acreage of the area where the project was 
                implemented;
                    ``(B) in the case of a trial conducted under 
                subsection (c)(2), the types of crops produced using 
                the new or innovative conservation approach either 
                directly by a producer or through an eligible entity;
                    ``(C) any results on the efficacy of the new or 
                innovative conservation approach in achieving its 
                intended conservation purpose;
                    ``(D) the regional applicability of the new or 
                innovative conservation approach, including any 
                geographic characteristics associated with the 
                increased efficacy of the innovative conservation 
                approach;
                    ``(E) any barriers that prevented the project from 
                achieving the conservation benefits identified at the 
                outset of the project;
                    ``(F) any support needed to encourage adoption of 
                the new or innovative conservation approach by 
                producers, including the level of technical assistance 
                required to adopt the new or innovative conservation 
                approach; and
                    ``(G) as appropriate, other outcomes of the project 
                and lessons learned through the implementation of the 
                project.''; and
            (4) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), in subparagraph 
        (A)--
                    (A) in clause (i)--
                            (i) by striking ``practices'' and inserting 
                        ``practices, including both management and 
                        structural practices,''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (B) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii);
                    (C) by inserting after clause (i) the following:
                            ``(ii) evaluation data for new and emerging 
                        technology and recommendations for State and 
                        regional applications; and''; and
                    (D) in clause (iii) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``practices.'' and inserting ``practices for 
                consideration through the process established under 
                section 1242(h)(3).''.

               PART II--CONSERVATION STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM

SEC. 2311. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 1240I of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
21) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting 
                ``enhancements,'' after ``practices,''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in clause (iv), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) in clause (v), by striking the period 
                        at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(vi) activities that will assist a 
                        producer in mitigating greenhouse gas 
                        emissions, including enteric methane 
                        emissions.'';
            (2) in paragraph (4)(A)(i), by striking ``tribal land'' and 
        inserting ``Tribal land''; and
            (3) in paragraph (5)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``State, or 
                local level as a priority for a particular area of a 
                State'' and inserting ``State, Tribal, or local level 
                as a priority for a particular area''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``State or 
                region'' and inserting ``State, at a regional scale, or 
                on Indian land''.

SEC. 2312. STEWARDSHIP CONTRACTS.

    Section 1240K(b)(1)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3839aa-23(b)(1)(A)) is amended by striking clause (iii) and inserting 
the following:
                            ``(iii) other consistent criteria that the 
                        Secretary determines are necessary to ensure 
                        that the program effectively--
                                    ``(I) targets improvements to soil 
                                health, increases carbon sequestration, 
                                and reduces greenhouse gas emissions; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) addresses other national, 
                                State, Tribal, and local priority 
                                resource concerns.''.

SEC. 2313. DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.

    (a) Conservation Stewardship Payments.--Section 1240L(c) of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting ``on 1 or more types 
        of eligible land covered by the contract'' after 
        ``activities'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (G) 
                as clauses (i) through (vii), respectively, and 
                indenting appropriately;
                    (B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so 
                redesignated), by striking ``The amount'' and inserting 
                the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The amount'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking clause (ii) (as so redesignated) and inserting 
                the following:
                            ``(ii) Income forgone by the producer, 
                        including amounts that reflect--
                                    ``(I) increased economic risk; and
                                    ``(II) loss in revenue due to--
                                            ``(aa) production changes;
                                            ``(bb) anticipated 
                                        reductions in yield;
                                            ``(cc) transitioning to an 
                                        organic, resource-conserving 
                                        cropping or grazing, or 
                                        perennial production system; or
                                            ``(dd) acreage converted to 
                                        conservation uses.''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Minimum payment.--In carrying out 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall establish a 
                minimum payment of not less than $4,000, to be reviewed 
                regularly and increased at the discretion of the 
                Secretary.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Payments for conservation activities related to 
        organic production systems.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide 
                payments under this subsection for conservation 
                activities relating to--
                            ``(i) organic production; and
                            ``(ii) transitioning to organic production.
                    ``(B) Conservation activities.--Conservation 
                activities described in subparagraph (A) may include--
                            ``(i) generally available and specifically 
                        tailored conservation activities; and
                            ``(ii) individual conservation activities 
                        and bundles of conservation activities.''.
    (b) Supplemental Payments for Resource-Conserving Crop Rotations, 
Advanced Grazing Management, and Livestock Feed Management.--Section 
1240L(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(d)) is 
amended--
            (1) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Rotations and 
        Advanced Grazing Management'' and inserting ``Rotations, 
        Advanced Grazing Management, and Livestock Feed Management'';
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as 
                subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the 
                following:
                    ``(B) Livestock feed management.--The term 
                `livestock feed management' means providing livestock 
                with forage and feed that--
                            ``(i) manipulates and controls the quantity 
                        and quality of available nutrients, feedstuffs, 
                        ingredients, or additives fed to livestock;
                            ``(ii) minimizes excess nutrients in 
                        surface water and groundwater by reducing the 
                        quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, 
                        salts, or other nutrients excreted in manure; 
                        or
                            ``(iii) reduces emissions of ammonia, 
                        odors, greenhouse gases, volatile organic 
                        components, or dust from animal feeding 
                        operations.'';
            (3) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``or'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) livestock feed management.''; and
            (4) in paragraph (3), by striking ``rotations or advanced'' 
        and inserting ``rotations, livestock feed management, or 
        advanced''.
    (c) Payment for Comprehensive Conservation Plan.--Section 
1240L(e)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
24(e)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by striking the period at the end and inserting the 
        following: ``; and
                    ``(B) with respect to an organic production 
                system--
                            ``(i) is integrated with an organic system 
                        plan approved under the national organic 
                        program established under the Organic Foods 
                        Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6501 et seq.); 
                        or
                            ``(ii) allows a producer to transition to 
                        organic production systems and pursue 
                        certification under that Act.''; and
            (2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (B) (as added by 
        paragraph (1)), by striking ``plan that meets'' and inserting 
        the following: ``plan that--
                    ``(A) meets''.
    (d) Payment Limitations.--Section 1240L(f) of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(f)) is amended by striking ``fiscal years 
2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``the period of fiscal years 2025 
through 2029 and each 5-fiscal-year period thereafter''.
    (e) Specialty Crop and Organic Producers.--Section 1240L(g) of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(g)) is amended by 
inserting ``, and producers transitioning to organic production 
systems,'' after ``organic producers''.
    (f) Organic Certification.--Section 1240L(h)(2)(A) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(h)(2)(A)) is amended by 
inserting ``, including by providing payments for conservation 
activities relating to organic production and transitioning to organic 
production under subsection (c)(6)'' before the period at the end.
    (g) Soil Health.--Section 1240L(k) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(k)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``To the maximum'' and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(1) In general.--To the maximum''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Soil testing.--Soil testing (as defined in section 
        1240A) shall be eligible as a conservation activity on its own 
        under a conservation stewardship contract under this 
        subchapter, if the results of the soil testing are intended to 
        be used to develop specifications or design elements required 
        for implementing another conservation activity under the 
        contract.
            ``(3) Nationwide soil testing.--The Secretary shall 
        prioritize nationwide collection of data to make possible site-
        specific interpretations of soil health test results for 
        producers at the local level.''.

SEC. 2314. ON-FARM CONSERVATION STEWARDSHIP INNOVATION GRANTS.

    Subchapter B of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-21 et seq.) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:

``SEC. 1240L-2. PASTURELAND CONSERVATION AND GULF HYPOXIA REDUCTION 
              INITIATIVE.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Eligible land.--Notwithstanding section 1240I(4), the 
        term `eligible land' means private land or Indian land that--
                    ``(A) is in use for livestock grazing and 
                production purposes as of the date of enactment of this 
                section;
                    ``(B)(i) is native or improved pastureland with 
                permanent vegetative cover; or
                    ``(ii) is planted to a crop planted specifically 
                for the purpose of providing grazing for livestock, 
                such as forage sorghum, small grains, annual planted 
                ryegrass, or annual planted crabgrass; and
                    ``(C) is located within 1 or more States in the 
                Lower Mississippi River Valley that encompass the 
                Ouachita, Yazoo, or Atchafalaya River drainage basins.
            ``(2) Initiative.--The term `initiative' means the 
        voluntary pastureland conservation and gulf hypoxia reduction 
        initiative established under subsection (b).
    ``(b) Establishment and Purpose.--The Secretary shall establish 
within the program a voluntary pastureland conservation and hypoxia 
reduction initiative for the purposes of, by conserving eligible land 
through pastureland conservation contracts under subsection (e)--
            ``(1) assisting livestock producers in conserving and 
        protecting soil, water, and wildlife resources; and
            ``(2) reducing nutrient loading into the Gulf of Mexico.
    ``(c) Election.--Beginning in fiscal year 2024, the Secretary shall 
provide a 1-time election to enroll eligible land in the initiative 
under a contract described in subsection (e).
    ``(d) Method of Enrollment.--Subject to subsection (h), the 
Secretary shall--
            ``(1) notwithstanding subsection (b) of section 1240K, 
        determine under subsection (c) of that section that eligible 
        land ranks sufficiently high under the evaluation criteria 
        described in subsection (b) of that section; and
            ``(2) enroll the eligible land in the initiative under a 
        contract described in subsection (e).
    ``(e) Pastureland Conservation Contract.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 1240K(a)(1), to 
        enroll eligible land in the initiative under a pastureland 
        conservation contract, a livestock producer shall agree--
                    ``(A) to meet or exceed the stewardship threshold 
                for not less than 2 priority resource concerns by the 
                date on which the contract expires; and
                    ``(B) to comply with the terms and conditions of 
                the contract.
            ``(2) Terms.--A pastureland conservation contract shall be 
        for a single 5-year term.
    ``(f) Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--Beginning in fiscal year 2024, of the 
        funds made available for this subchapter under section 
        1241(a)(3)(B), and notwithstanding any payment under section 
        1240L(c), the Secretary shall make annual pastureland 
        conservation contract payments to the livestock producer of any 
        eligible land that is the subject of a pastureland conservation 
        contract under this section.
            ``(2) Payment noneligibility.--A pastureland conservation 
        contract under this section shall not be subject to the payment 
        limitations under this subchapter.
            ``(3) Amount.--The amount of an annual payment under this 
        subsection shall be $20 per acre.
    ``(g) Acreage Limitation.--Not more than 500,000 total acres of 
eligible land may be enrolled in the initiative.
    ``(h) Evaluation of Contract Offers.--Notwithstanding subsection 
(d), the Secretary may rank applications relating to contract offers to 
enroll eligible land in the initiative based on the degree to which the 
proposed conservation activities increase natural resource conservation 
and environmental benefits if--
            ``(1) contract offers are submitted to enroll more than 
        400,000 acres of eligible land; and
            ``(2) the Secretary determines such ranking of applications 
        to be necessary to comply with the acreage limitation 
        established by subsection (g).''.

                Subtitle D--Other Conservation Programs

SEC. 2401. WATERSHED PROTECTION AND FLOOD PREVENTION ACT.

    (a) Short Title; Findings; Declaration of Policy.--The first 
section of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 
1001) is amended to read as follows:

``SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS; DECLARATION OF POLICY.

    ``(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the `Watershed 
Protection and Flood Prevention Act'.
    ``(b) Findings.--Congress finds that erosion, floodwater, drought, 
and sediment damages in the watersheds of the rivers and streams of the 
United States cause loss of life, declines in agricultural production, 
harm to fish, birds, wildlife, and recreation opportunities, and damage 
to property, thereby constituting a menace to the national welfare.
    ``(c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
Federal Government should cooperate with local organizations for the 
purposes of--
            ``(1) preventing the damages described in subsection (b);
            ``(2) furthering the conservation, management, development, 
        utilization, and disposal of water, and the conservation and 
        utilization of land; and
            ``(3) thereby preserving, protecting, and improving land 
        and water resources and the quality of the environment.''.
    (b) Definitions.--Section 2 of the Watershed Protection and Flood 
Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1002) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this Act:
            ``(1) Conservation of water.--The term `conservation of 
        water' means a reduction in total annual consumptive water use, 
        as compared to total annual consumptive water use before a work 
        of improvement is carried out under this Act.
            ``(2) Local organization.--The term `local organization' 
        means--
                    ``(A)(i) any State, political subdivision of a 
                State, soil or water conservation district, flood 
                prevention or control district, or combination thereof; 
                or
                    ``(ii) any other governmental agency having 
                authority under State law to carry out, maintain, and 
                operate a work of improvement;
                    ``(B) any irrigation district or reservoir company, 
                water users' association, canal company, ditch 
                association, acequia, or similar entity, or 
                nongovernmental organization that is not being operated 
                for profit, with--
                            ``(i) the capacity to engage in the 
                        planning or implementation of land treatment 
                        and related conservation measures; or
                            ``(ii) the authority to construct and 
                        maintain structural measures; or
                    ``(C) any Indian Tribe or Tribal organization (as 
                those terms are defined in section 4 of the Indian 
                Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 
                U.S.C. 5304)) having authority under Federal, State, or 
                Indian Tribal law to carry out, maintain, and operate a 
                work of improvement.
            ``(3) Management of water.--The term `management of water' 
        means any project or activity carried out to increase the 
        efficiency of water use, transfer, diversion, or conveyance.
            ``(4) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Agriculture.
            ``(5) Work of improvement.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `work of improvement' 
                means any undertaking carried out in a watershed or 
                subwatershed area not exceeding 250,000 acres 
                (including on Federal land necessary to accomplish the 
                purposes of the undertaking) for--
                            ``(i) flood prevention (including 
                        structural and land treatment measures);
                            ``(ii) the conservation, management, 
                        development, utilization, and disposal of 
                        water; or
                            ``(iii) the conservation and proper 
                        utilization of land.
                    ``(B) Exclusion.--The term `work of improvement' 
                does not include any single structure that provides--
                            ``(i) more than 12,500 acre-feet of 
                        floodwater detention capacity; and
                            ``(ii) more than 25,000 acre-feet of total 
                        capacity.
                    ``(C) Requirement for agriculture benefits.--Each 
                undertaking described in subparagraph (A) shall contain 
                benefits directly related to agriculture, including 
                communities in rural areas (as defined in section 
                343(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
                Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a))), that account for at least 20 
                percent of the total benefits of the undertaking.
                    ``(D) Consolidated planning.--1 or more 
                subwatersheds, when the subwatersheds are components of 
                a larger watershed, may be planned together at the 
                discretion of the local organization sponsoring the 
                applicable undertaking.
                    ``(E) Multibenefit inclusion.--A work of 
                improvement may provide 2 or more public benefits or 
                ecosystem services in addition to a purpose described 
                in subparagraph (A).''.
    (c) Assistance to Local Organizations.--Section 3 of the Watershed 
Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1003) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (f);
            (2) in subsection (a)(6), in the first sentence, by 
        striking ``occupiers, individually'' and inserting the 
        following: ``occupiers in accordance with subsection (b).
    ``(b) Agreements With Landowners, Operators, and Occupiers.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may enter into agreements 
        under subsection (a)(6) with landowners, operators, and 
        occupiers, individually'';
            (3) in subsection (b) (as so designated)--
                    (A) by striking ``supplemented. Applications'' and 
                inserting the following: ``supplemented.
            ``(2) Applications.--Applications'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2) (as so designated)--
                            (i) in the first sentence, by striking 
                        ``such conservation plans'' and inserting 
                        ``conservation plans described in paragraph 
                        (1)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``such district. In 
                        return'' and all that follows through 
                        ``interest. The portion'' and inserting the 
                        following: ``that district.
            ``(3) Cost sharing.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may agree to share 
                the costs of carrying out a work of improvement, or 
                specific practices and measures described in such an 
                agreement, if the Secretary determines that cost 
                sharing is appropriate and in the public interest.'';
                    ``(B) Portion of costs.--The portion''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B) (as so 
                        designated)--
                                    (I) by striking ``programs. The 
                                Secretary'' and inserting the 
                                following: ``programs.
            ``(4) Termination; modifications.--The Secretary'';
                    (C) in paragraph (4) (as so designated)--
                            (i) in the first sentence, by striking 
                        ``hereunder, as he'' and inserting ``under this 
                        subsection, as the Secretary''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``herein. 
                        Notwithstanding'' and inserting the following: 
                        ``under this subsection.
            ``(5) Preservation or surrender of history.--
        Notwithstanding''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (5) (as so designated)--
                            (i) by striking ``he'' and inserting ``the 
                        Secretary'';
                            (ii) by striking ``paragraph'' and 
                        inserting ``subsection'';
                            (iii) by striking ``hereunder for (1) 
                        preservation'' and inserting the following: 
                        ``under this paragraph for--
                    ``(A) preservation''; and
                            (iv) in subparagraph (A) (as so 
                        designated), by striking ``crop; or (2) 
                        surrender'' and inserting the following: 
                        ``crop; or
                    ``(B) surrender''; and
            (4) by inserting after subsection (b) (as so designated) 
        the following:
    ``(c) Delegation of Authorities.--
            ``(1) Final authority.--The Secretary shall provide a State 
        Conservationist final authority to approve watershed plans for 
        works of improvement within the State.
            ``(2) Approval of outsourcing preliminary activities.--The 
        Secretary and a State Conservationist shall, on the approval of 
        the State Conservationist, allow a local organization 
        sponsoring a work of improvement to use funds made available 
        under this Act to pay a third party to conduct preliminary 
        investigations and pre-planning activities relating to the work 
        of improvement.
            ``(3) Additional authorities.--The Secretary may provide 
        authority to a State Conservationist to support a streamlined 
        process.
    ``(d) Deadline for Approval or Disapproval.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), not later than 
        45 days after the date on which an application for a work of 
        improvement is submitted to the Secretary, the Secretary shall 
        approve or disapprove the application.
            ``(2) Extensions.--The Secretary may extend the deadline 
        described in paragraph (1) by 45 days, if necessary.
    ``(e) Approved Watershed Plan Required.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary 
        may not provide funds under this Act for the costs of designing 
        or constructing a work of improvement without an approved 
        watershed plan.
            ``(2) Exceptions.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply if--
                    ``(A) the Secretary determines that the 
                circumstances are so exigent that not providing funds 
                is against the public interest; or
                    ``(B) the Secretary has waived the requirement for 
                a watershed plan under subsection (f).''.
    (d) Cost Share Assistance.--Section 3A of the Watershed Protection 
and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1003a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``, as determined by 
        the Secretary,'' after ``assistance''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Treatment of Other Federal Funds for Works of Improvement.--
Any funds provided for a work of improvement through any Federal 
department or agency other than the Department of Agriculture shall be 
considered to be part of the non-Federal share of the cost of the work 
of improvement provided by the sponsor of the work of improvement.''.
    (e) Conditions for Federal Assistance.--Section 4(2) of the 
Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1004(2)) is 
amended by inserting ``management,'' after ``conservation,''
    (f) Limitation.--The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act 
is amended by inserting after section 4 (16 U.S.C. 1004) the following:

``SEC. 4A. NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT.

    ``(a) In General.--No amounts shall be provided under this Act for 
any plan for a work of improvement involving an estimated Federal 
contribution to construction costs in excess of $50,000,000, or that 
includes any structure that provides more than 2,500 acre-feet of total 
capacity, unless, not less than 90 days before amounts are provided for 
the plan, the Secretary submits to the appropriate committees of 
Congress described in subsection (b) a notice of the approval of the 
plan, including a description of the justification for the approval and 
a copy of the plan.
    ``(b) Committees Described.--The appropriate committees of Congress 
referred to in subsection (a) are--
            ``(1) in the case of a plan involving no single structure 
        providing more than 4,000 acre-feet of total capacity, the 
        Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
        and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
        Representatives; and
            ``(2) in the case of a plan involving any single structure 
        providing more than 4,000 acre-feet of total capacity, the 
        Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives.''.
    (g) Construction Standards.--The Watershed Protection and Flood 
Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) is amended by inserting after 
section 4A (as added by subsection (f)) the following:

``SEC. 4B. CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS.

    ``(a) In General.--Subject to the requirements of this Act, the 
Secretary shall--
            ``(1) review and update as necessary the engineering 
        standards and requirements to be used for works of improvement 
        under this Act; and
            ``(2) in collaboration with each State Conservationist and 
        State technical committee established under section 1261(a) of 
        the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3861(a)), review and 
        update as necessary the acceptable variances from national 
        engineering standards that are appropriate alternatives suited 
        to the geomorphology of, and purpose for which works of 
        improvement are established within, each State.
    ``(b) Local Consultation.--A State Conservationist and State 
technical committee engaged in collaboration pursuant to subsection 
(a)(2) may consult with local municipalities undertaking works of 
improvement within that State under this Act.''.
    (h) Monetization.--Section 5(1) of the Watershed Protection and 
Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1005(1)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``, in consultation with the State 
        Conservationist,'' after ``and the Secretary''; and
            (2) by inserting ``: Provided further, That if insufficient 
        data exists to monetize the benefits of wildlife habitat or 
        water quality improvement against the costs, these benefits 
        shall be quantified to the extent practicable and described in 
        sufficient detail to be considered against the cost'' before 
        the period at the end.
    (i) Certain Authorities.--Section 7 of the Watershed Protection and 
Flood Prevention Act (68 Stat. 668, chapter 656; 74 Stat. 131; 76 Stat. 
610) is amended, in the last proviso, by inserting ``management,'' 
after ``conservation,''.
    (j) Loan and Advancement Amounts.--Section 8 of the Watershed 
Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1006a) is amended, in 
the last sentence, by striking ``five million dollars'' and inserting 
``$10,000,000''.
    (k) Data.--Section 13 of the Watershed Protection and Flood 
Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1010) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``collect and maintain'' and inserting ``collect, maintain, and 
        publish on the website of the Department of Agriculture''; and
            (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``control and 
        conservation'' and inserting ``control, conservation, and 
        drought resilience''.
    (l) Conforming Amendment.--Section 11 of the Watershed Protection 
and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1001 note; 68 Stat. 668; 70 Stat. 
1090) is repealed.

SEC. 2402. SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES CONSERVATION.

    (a) In General.--The Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act of 
1977 (16 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 5(e) (16 U.S.C. 2004(e)), by striking ``and 
        December 31, 2022'' and inserting ``December 31, 2022, and 
        December 31, 2028, and every 5 years thereafter'';
            (2) in section 6(d) (16 U.S.C. 2005(d)), by inserting ``, 
        and December 31, 2029, and every 5 years thereafter'' after 
        ``2023''; and
            (3) in section 7 (16 U.S.C. 2006)--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``and 2022'' and 
                inserting ``2022, 2028, and every 5 years thereafter''; 
                and
                    (B) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding 
                paragraph (1), by striking ``and 2023'' and inserting 
                ``2023, 2029, and every 5 years thereafter''.
    (b) Repeal of Termination.--Section 10 of the Soil and Water 
Resources Conservation Act of 1977 (16 U.S.C. 2009) is repealed.

SEC. 2403. EMERGENCY CONSERVATION PROGRAMS.

    (a) Emergency Conservation Program.--Section 401 of the 
Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2201) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and 
                Other Emergency Conservation Measures'' after 
                ``Fencing'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by inserting ``or other emergency 
                        measures to restore farmland or replace 
                        conservation structures requiring an immediate 
                        response (as determined by the Secretary),'' 
                        after ``replacement of fencing,''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``option of receiving'' 
                        and all that follows through the period at the 
                        end and inserting the following: ``option of 
                        receiving, before the agricultural producer 
                        carries out the repair, replacement, or 
                        restoration--
                    ``(A) with respect to a payment to the agricultural 
                producer for a replacement, 75 percent of the cost of 
                the replacement, as determined by the Secretary based 
                on the fair market value of the cost of the replacement 
                using the estimated cost of the applicable practice 
                published in the Field Office Technical Guide of each 
                State by the Natural Resources Conservation Service or 
                other appropriate and comparable guidance document, as 
                determined by the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) with respect to a payment to the agricultural 
                producer for a repair or restoration, 50 percent of the 
                cost of the repair or restoration, as determined by the 
                Secretary based on the fair market value of the cost of 
                the repair or restoration using the estimated cost of 
                the applicable practice published in the Field Office 
                Technical Guide of each State by the Natural Resources 
                Conservation Service or other appropriate and 
                comparable guidance document, as determined by the 
                Secretary.''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``60-day'' and 
                inserting ``180-day''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Wildfire Determination.--A wildfire that causes damage 
eligible for a payment under subsection (a) includes--
            ``(1) a wildfire that is not caused naturally if the damage 
        is caused by the spread of the wildfire due to natural causes; 
        and
            ``(2) a wildfire that is caused by an action directly 
        performed by the Federal Government.''.
    (b) Additional Requirements for the Emergency Conservation 
Program.--Title IV of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 is amended by 
inserting after section 402B (16 U.S.C. 2202b) the following:

``SEC. 402C. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE EMERGENCY CONSERVATION 
              PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Eligibility of Federal, State, and Local Land Users.--
            ``(1) In general.--An agricultural producer eligible to 
        receive payments under sections 401 and 402 includes a person 
        that--
                    ``(A) holds a permit or lease from the Federal 
                Government to conduct agricultural production or 
                grazing on Federal land; or
                    ``(B) holds a permit or leases land from a State or 
                unit of local government to conduct agricultural 
                production or grazing on that land.
            ``(2) Effect.--Nothing in this subsection authorizes the 
        Secretary to make a payment under section 401 or 402 to the 
        Federal Government, a State, or a unit of local government.
    ``(b) Permanent and Temporary Improvements.--Emergency measures 
eligible for payments under sections 401 and 402 include--
            ``(1) new permanent or temporary measures, including 
        permanent water wells and permanent or temporary surface or 
        aboveground pipelines and watering facilities; and
            ``(2) replacement or restoration of existing emergency 
        measures with permanent or temporary measures, including 
        permanent water wells and permanent or temporary surface or 
        aboveground pipelines and watering facilities.''.
    (c) Emergency Watershed Program.--Section 403 of the Agricultural 
Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2203) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking the subsection designation and 
                heading and all that follows through ``The Secretary'' 
                and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Authorizations.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Eligible purposes of floodplain easements.--A 
        floodplain easement acquired by the Secretary under this 
        section may be used--
                    ``(A) to restore, protect, maintain, and enhance 
                the hydrologic and other functions of wetlands and 
                associated land, riparian areas, and stream channels;
                    ``(B) to conserve natural values, including fish 
                and wildlife habitat, water quality, flood water 
                retention, and groundwater recharge; and
                    ``(C) to safeguard lives and property from floods, 
                drought, and the products of erosion.
            ``(3) Easement restoration.--The Secretary may restore the 
        hydrologic and other functions and values of wetlands on 
        floodplain easements acquired by the Secretary under this 
        section.
            ``(4) Easement management.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall restore, 
                protect, manage, maintain, enhance, and monitor 
                floodplain easements acquired by the Secretary under 
                this section.
                    ``(B) Allowable uses.--The Secretary may authorize, 
                in writing and subject to such terms and conditions as 
                the Secretary may prescribe in the sole discretion of 
                the Secretary, the use by the landowner for compatible 
                uses of the area of a floodplain easement acquired by 
                the Secretary under this section, if the Secretary 
                determines that the use is consistent with the long-
                term protection and enhancement of the floodplain, 
                riparian, wetland, and associated land, and other 
                natural values of the easement area.
            ``(5) Deadlines.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except in the case of a 
                floodplain easement acquired by the Secretary under 
                this section and as provided in subparagraph (B), not 
                later than 1 year after the date on which funds are 
                obligated to a State Conservationist for emergency 
                watershed protection measures under this section, 
                construction of the emergency watershed protection 
                measures shall be completed.
                    ``(B) Exigent situations.--If the Secretary 
                determines that an exigent situation exists, 
                subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting `30 
                days' for `1 year'.'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking the subsection 
        designation and heading and all that follows through the ``The 
        Secretary'' in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) of 
        paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Modification and Termination of Floodplain Easements.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Preagreement Costs.--
            ``(1) Definition of sponsor.--In this subsection, the term 
        `sponsor' means--
                    ``(A) a State or local government; and
                    ``(B) an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of 
                the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
                Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)).
            ``(2) Preagreement project costs.--Not later than 180 days 
        after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary 
        shall--
                    ``(A) identify a list of emergency watershed 
                protection measures the cost of which may be incurred 
                by a sponsor prior to entering into an agreement with 
                the Secretary under this section; and
                    ``(B) develop a procedure, including appropriate 
                deadlines, to be implemented at the State level, 
                through which a sponsor may request, for a specified 
                natural disaster, additional emergency watershed 
                protection measures the cost of which may be incurred 
                by a sponsor prior to entering into an agreement with 
                the Secretary under this section.
            ``(3) Agreement contribution.--If the Secretary and a 
        sponsor enter into an agreement under this section, the 
        Secretary shall consider any applicable preagreement costs 
        incurred by the sponsor for undertaking emergency watershed 
        protection measures identified under paragraph (2) as meeting 
        part of the contribution of the sponsor toward the cost of the 
        project.
            ``(4) Assumption of risk.--A sponsor that undertakes 
        emergency watershed protection measures prior to entering into 
        an agreement with the Secretary under this section shall assume 
        the risk of incurring any cost of undertaking those measures.
            ``(5) Effect.--Nothing in this subsection requires the 
        Secretary to enter into an agreement with a sponsor.''.
    (d) Emergency Forest Restoration Program.--Section 407 of the 
Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2206) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as 
                paragraphs (3) through (5), respectively;
                    (B) by inserting before paragraph (3) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
            ``(1) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                    ``(A) with respect to nonindustrial private forest 
                land or industrial private forest land--
                            ``(i) an owner of the nonindustrial private 
                        forest land or industrial private forest land; 
                        or
                            ``(ii) a person that--
                                    ``(I) receives concurrence from the 
                                landowner to carry out emergency 
                                measures in lieu of the owner; and
                                    ``(II) holds a lease on the land 
                                for a minimum of 10 years;
                    ``(B) with respect to Federal forest land, a person 
                that holds a permit or lease from the Federal 
                Government to conduct livestock grazing on the Federal 
                forest land; and
                    ``(C) with respect to forest land owned by a State 
                or a unit of local government, a person that holds a 
                permit or leases land from the State or unit of local 
                government to conduct livestock grazing on that forest 
                land.
            ``(2) Eligible land.--The term `eligible land' means--
                    ``(A) nonindustrial private forest land or 
                industrial private forest land;
                    ``(B) Federal forest land on which livestock 
                grazing is authorized through a permit or lease; and
                    ``(C) forest land owned by a State or unit of local 
                government on which livestock grazing is authorized 
                through a permit or lease.'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), in 
                subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding clause (i), 
                by striking ``nonindustrial private forest land'' and 
                inserting ``eligible land''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``wildfires,'' and inserting ``wildfires 
                (including a wildfire that is not caused naturally if 
                the damage is caused by the spread of the wildfire due 
                to natural causes and a wildfire that is caused by the 
                Federal Government),'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``an owner of nonindustrial private 
                forest land who'' and inserting ``an eligible entity 
                that''; and
                    (B) by striking ``restore the land'' and inserting 
                ``restore eligible land'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) by striking ``owner must'' and inserting 
                ``eligible entity shall''; and
                    (B) by striking ``nonindustrial private forest 
                land'' and inserting ``eligible land'';
            (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``an owner of 
        nonindustrial private forest land'' and inserting ``an eligible 
        entity'';
            (5) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (g); and
            (6) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Advance Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall give an eligible 
        entity the option of receiving, before the eligible entity 
        carries out emergency measures under this section, not more 
        than 75 percent of the cost of the emergency measures, as 
        determined by the Secretary based on the fair market value of 
        the cost of the emergency measures using the estimated cost of 
        the applicable practice published in the Field Office Technical 
        Guide of each State by the Natural Resources Conservation 
        Service or other appropriate and comparable guidance document, 
        as determined by the Secretary.
            ``(2) Return of funds.--If the funds provided under 
        paragraph (1) are not expended by the end of the 2-year period 
        beginning on the date on which the eligible entity receives 
        those funds, the funds shall be returned within a reasonable 
        timeframe, as determined by the Secretary.
    ``(f) Effect.--Nothing in this section authorizes the Secretary to 
make a payment under this section to the Federal Government, a State, 
or a unit of local government.''.

SEC. 2404. CONSERVATION OF PRIVATE GRAZING LAND.

    Section 1240M of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(J) supporting planning, management, and 
                coordination of grazing in agrivoltaic systems.''; and
            (2) in subsection (e), by striking ``each of fiscal years 
        2002 through 2023'' and inserting ``fiscal year 2002 and each 
        fiscal year thereafter''.

SEC. 2405. GRASSROOTS SOURCE WATER PROTECTION PROGRAM.

    Section 1240O(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3839bb-2(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``each of fiscal years 
        2008 through 2023'' and inserting ``fiscal year 2008 and each 
        fiscal year thereafter''; and
            (2) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) $5,000,000 beginning in fiscal year 2025 and 
                every 5 fiscal years thereafter, to remain available 
                until expended.''.

SEC. 2406. VOLUNTARY PUBLIC ACCESS AND HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM.

    Section 1240R(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3839bb-5(f)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``and'' after ``2023,''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``, and $50,000,000 for each of 
                fiscal years 2025 through 2029'' before the period at 
                the end; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``and $3,000,000 for the 
        period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029'' after ``2023''.

SEC. 2407. FERAL SWINE ERADICATION AND CONTROL PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 2408 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 
2018 (7 U.S.C. 8351 note; Public Law 115-334) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``pilot'';
            (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``pilot program'' and 
        inserting ``program (referred to in this section as the 
        `program')'';
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``pilot'';
                    (B) in each of paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking 
                ``the pilot areas'' and inserting ``eligible areas'';
                    (C) in paragraph (4), by striking ``pilot'' and 
                inserting ``eligible'';
                    (D) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as 
                paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively; and
                    (E) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) after the Secretary determines that feral swine have 
        been eradicated from an eligible area, ensure that the Animal 
        and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Natural Resources 
        Conservation Service continue monitoring that area for the 
        reoccurrence of feral swine for a period of 1 year;'';
            (4) in each of subsections (c), (e), (f), and (g), by 
        striking ``pilot program'' each place it appears and inserting 
        ``program'';
            (5) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``the pilot areas'' 
        and inserting ``eligible areas'';
            (6) in subsection (e), in the subsection heading, by 
        striking ``Pilot'' and inserting ``Eligible'';
            (7) in subsection (g)(1)--
                    (A) by striking ``2023 and'' and inserting 
                ``2023,''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``, and $75,000,000 for the period 
                of fiscal years 2025 through 2029'' before the period 
                at the end; and
            (8) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Reports.--Not less than 2 years, and not later than 4 years 
and 6 months, after the date of enactment of this subsection, the 
Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the 
Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, acting jointly, 
shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 
of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives and make publicly available on the website of the 
Department of Agriculture a report that--
            ``(1) describes, for the period beginning on the date of 
        the establishment of the program and ending on the date of the 
        submission of the report--
                    ``(A) activities carried out under the program, 
                including--
                            ``(i) the number of counties in which feral 
                        swine are no longer present; and
                            ``(ii) estimated reductions in agriculture 
                        and natural resource damage, and improvements 
                        to human and livestock health and safety, as a 
                        result of feral swine removal;
                    ``(B) the use of funding made available under this 
                section, including the number of counties in each State 
                provided funding; and
                    ``(C) the roles of the Animal and Plant Health 
                Inspection Service and the Natural Resources 
                Conservation Service and agricultural producers 
                provided financial assistance under this section in 
                carrying out activities under the program; and
            ``(2) includes--
                    ``(A) a determination by the Administrator of the 
                Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the 
                Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service as 
                to the extent to which the program has been successful; 
                and
                    ``(B) any recommendations for improvements to the 
                program.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of contents for the 
Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 
4491) is amended by striking the item relating to section 2408 and 
inserting the following:

``Sec. 2408. Feral swine eradication and control program.''.

SEC. 2408. REPORT ON SMALL WETLANDS.

    Section 2409(a) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public 
Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 4575) is amended by striking ``2014 through 
2018'' and inserting ``2019 through 2023''.

SEC. 2409. TERMINAL LAKES ASSISTANCE.

    Section 2507 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(16 U.S.C. 3839bb-6) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (e), by striking paragraph (2) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(2) Additional funds.--
                    ``(A) Authorization of appropriations.--There is 
                authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
                $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year 
                thereafter, to remain available until expended.
                    ``(B) Availability of funds.--Any funds made 
                available to carry out this section before December 20, 
                2018, may remain available until expended.''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (f).

SEC. 2410. COLORADO SALINITY CONTROL UNITS.

    Section 205 of the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act (43 
U.S.C. 1595) is amended--
            (1) by striking the section designation and all that 
        follows through ``(a) The Secretary'' and inserting the 
        following:

``SEC. 205. SALINITY CONTROL UNITS; AUTHORITY AND FUNCTIONS OF THE 
              SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

    ``(a) Allocation of Costs.--The Secretary'';
            (2) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Nonreimbursable costs; reimbursable costs.--
                    ``(A) Nonreimbursable costs.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In recognition of 
                        Federal responsibility for the Colorado River 
                        as an interstate stream and for international 
                        comity with Mexico, Federal ownership of the 
                        land of the Colorado River Basin from which 
                        most of the dissolved salts originate, and the 
                        policy established in the Federal Water 
                        Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) 
                        and except as provided in clause (ii), the 
                        following shall be nonreimbursable:
                                    ``(I) 75 percent of the total costs 
                                of construction and replacement of each 
                                unit or separable feature of a unit 
                                authorized by section 202(a)(1), 
                                including 90 percent of--
                                            ``(aa) the costs of 
                                        operation and maintenance of 
                                        each unit or separable feature 
                                        of a unit authorized by that 
                                        section; and
                                            ``(bb) the total costs of 
                                        construction, operation, and 
                                        maintenance of the associated 
                                        measures to replace incidental 
                                        fish and wildlife values 
                                        foregone.
                                    ``(II) 75 percent of the total 
                                costs of construction and replacement 
                                of each unit or separable feature of a 
                                unit authorized by section 202(a)(2), 
                                including 100 percent of--
                                            ``(aa) the costs of 
                                        operation and maintenance of 
                                        each unit or separable feature 
                                        of a unit authorized by that 
                                        section; and
                                            ``(bb) the total costs of 
                                        construction, operation, and 
                                        maintenance of the associated 
                                        measures to replace incidental 
                                        fish and wildlife values 
                                        foregone.
                                    ``(III) 75 percent of the total 
                                costs of construction, operation, 
                                maintenance, and replacement of each 
                                unit or separable feature of a unit 
                                authorized by section 202(a)(3), 
                                including 75 percent of the total costs 
                                of construction, operation, and 
                                maintenance of the associated measures 
                                to replace incidental fish and wildlife 
                                values foregone.
                                    ``(IV) 70 percent of the total 
                                costs of construction, operation, 
                                maintenance, and replacement of each 
                                unit or separable feature of a unit 
                                authorized by paragraphs (4) and (6) of 
                                section 202(a), including 70 percent of 
                                the total costs of construction, 
                                operation, and maintenance of the 
                                associated measures to replace 
                                incidental fish and wildlife values 
                                foregone.
                                    ``(V) 70 percent of the total costs 
                                of construction and replacement of each 
                                unit or separable feature of a unit 
                                authorized by section 202(a)(5), 
                                including 100 percent of--
                                            ``(aa) the costs of 
                                        operation and maintenance of 
                                        each unit or separable feature 
                                        of a unit authorized by that 
                                        section; and
                                            ``(bb) the total costs of 
                                        construction, operation, and 
                                        maintenance of the associated 
                                        measures to replace incidental 
                                        fish and wildlife values 
                                        foregone.
                                    ``(VI) 85 percent of the total 
                                costs of implementation of the on-farm 
                                measures authorized by section 202(c), 
                                including 85 percent of the total costs 
                                of the associated measures to replace 
                                incidental fish and wildlife values 
                                foregone.
                            ``(ii) Special rule for nonreimbursable 
                        costs for fiscal years 2024 and 2025.--
                        Notwithstanding clause (i), for each of fiscal 
                        years 2024 and 2025, the following shall be 
                        nonreimbursable:
                                    ``(I) 75 percent of all costs 
                                described in clause (i)(I).
                                    ``(II) 75 percent of all costs 
                                described in clause (i)(II).
                                    ``(III) 70 percent of all costs 
                                described in clause (i)(V).
                                    ``(IV) The percentages of all costs 
                                described in subclauses (III), (IV), 
                                and (VI) of clause (i).
                    ``(B) Reimbursable costs.--The total costs 
                remaining after the allocations under clauses (i) and 
                (ii) of subparagraph (A) shall be reimbursable as 
                provided for in paragraphs (2), (3), (4), and (5).'';
            (3) in subsection (b), by striking the subsection 
        designation and all that follows through ``Costs of 
        construction'' in paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Costs Payable From Lower Colorado River Basin Development 
Fund.--
            ``(1) In general.--Costs of construction'';
            (4) in subsection (c), by striking ``(c) Costs of 
        construction'' and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Costs Payable From Upper Colorado River Basin Fund.--Costs of 
construction''; and
            (5) in subsection (e), by striking ``(e) The Secretary is'' 
        and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Upward Adjustment of Rates for Electrical Energy.--The 
Secretary is''.

SEC. 2411. CHESAPEAKE BAY STATES' PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVE.

    Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 
1985 is amended by inserting after section 1240O (16 U.S.C. 3939bb-2) 
the following:

``SEC. 1240Q. CHESAPEAKE BAY STATES' PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVE.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Chesapeake bay watershed.--the term `Chesapeake Bay 
        watershed' means--
                    ``(A) the portions of the States of Delaware, 
                Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West 
                Virginia that contain the tributaries, backwaters, and 
                side channels, including their watersheds, that drain 
                into the Chesapeake Bay; and
                    ``(B) the District of Columbia.
            ``(2) Most effective basins.--The term `most effective 
        basins' means the local rivers and streams located within the 
        Chesapeake Bay watershed that are identified by the 
        Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency as being 
        most beneficial to the downstream Chesapeake Bay if prioritized 
        for water quality improvement.
    ``(b) Establishment and Purpose.--The Secretary shall carry out a 
Chesapeake Bay States' Partnership Initiative (referred to in this 
section as the `Initiative') to assist producers in implementing 
conservation activities on agricultural land in the Chesapeake Bay 
watershed for the purposes of--
            ``(1) improving water quality and quantity in the 
        Chesapeake Bay watershed;
            ``(2) restoring, enhancing, and preserving soil, air, and 
        related resources in the Chesapeake Bay watershed; and
            ``(3) increasing the resilience of agricultural production 
        in the Chesapeake Bay watershed to withstand the impacts of 
        climate change.
    ``(c) Conservation Activities.--The Secretary shall deliver the 
funds made available to carry out this section through applicable 
programs under this subtitle, including by providing enrollment 
opportunities that are targeted to the Chesapeake Bay watershed, to 
assist producers in enhancing land and water resources--
            ``(1) by controlling erosion and reducing sediment and 
        nutrient levels in ground and surface water; and
            ``(2) by planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating 
        habitat conservation, restoration, and enhancement measures 
        where there is significant ecological value if the land is--
                    ``(A) retained in its current use; or
                    ``(B) restored to its natural condition.
    ``(d) Considerations.--In delivering the funds made available to 
carry out this section, the Secretary shall give special consideration 
to applications--
            ``(1) submitted by producers in the most effective basins; 
        or
            ``(2) to carry out conservation activities that reduce 
        nitrogen and sediment, improve management of livestock and 
        waste, and conserve wetlands.
    ``(e) Duties of the Secretary.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall--
            ``(1) where available, use existing plans, models, and 
        assessments to assist producers in implementing conservation 
        activities; and
            ``(2) proceed expeditiously to deliver funding to a 
        producer to implement conservation activities that are 
        consistent with State strategies for the restoration of the 
        Chesapeake Bay watershed.
    ``(f) Consultation and Coordination.--The Secretary shall--
            ``(1) in consultation with appropriate Federal agencies, 
        ensure conservation activities carried out under this section 
        complement Federal, State, and local programs, including 
        programs that address water quality, in the Chesapeake Bay 
        watershed; and
            ``(2) in carrying out this section, coordinate with the 
        Farm Service Agency to identify needs and opportunities for 
        buffer management on land subject to a contract under the 
        conservation reserve program under subchapter B of chapter 1 
        that may be expiring soon.
    ``(g) Task Force.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary and the Administrator of 
        the Environmental Protection Agency shall jointly establish a 
        Federal task force, to be known as the `Task Force on Crediting 
        Chesapeake Bay Conservation Investments' (referred to in this 
        subsection as the `task force').
            ``(2) Action plan.--The task force shall develop an action 
        plan that--
                    ``(A) identifies improvements to the processes of 
                analyzing, reporting, and quantifying nutrient 
                reductions from the conservation activities in the 
                Chesapeake Bay watershed;
                    ``(B) is responsive to the needs of States in the 
                Chesapeake Bay watershed (including the District of 
                Columbia) and the agricultural community;
                    ``(C) maintains the scientific integrity of the 
                decision-making process and accounting tools under the 
                Initiative and the Chesapeake Bay Program (as defined 
                in section 117(a) of the Federal Water Pollution 
                Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1267(a))); and
                    ``(D) ensures producer privacy is protected.
            ``(3) Identification of opportunities.--The task force 
        shall leverage findings from successful data sharing pilots to 
        identify opportunities to integrate time-saving technologies 
        for the implementation of conservation activities under this 
        section.
    ``(h) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of amounts in the Treasury not 
        otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary 
        to carry out this section $375,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to 
        remain available until expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
        authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are 
        necessary to carry out this section for each fiscal year.
            ``(3) Unobligated funds.--The Secretary may use to carry 
        out this section amounts made available for the programs 
        described in paragraphs (3) through (6) of section 1241(a) for 
        any fiscal year that remain unobligated at the end of that 
        fiscal year.''.

SEC. 2412. DRIFTLESS AREA LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION INITIATIVE.

    Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 1240S. DRIFTLESS AREA LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION INITIATIVE.

    ``(a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a Driftless 
Area Landscape Conservation Initiative to reduce erosion and restore 
cold water stream corridors in the Driftless Area of the Midwestern 
United States, with a focus on climate-smart agriculture, carbon 
sequestration, soil health, and ecological restoration.
    ``(b) Initiative Elements.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out the initiative 
        established under this section, the Secretary shall provide 
        assistance to producers to implement practices--
                    ``(A) to manage working land for year-round ground 
                cover to rebuild soil, sequester carbon, improve water 
                quality, increase water holding capacity of soil, 
                reduce soil erosion, and mitigate flooding and other 
                climate impacts;
                    ``(B) to manage woodland for increased biodiversity 
                to improve the health of the woodland to provide 
                habitat and sequester carbon;
                    ``(C) to restore prairies and manage grassland, oak 
                savannas, and barrens to expand habitat and sequester 
                carbon; and
                    ``(D) to restore cold water streams by reducing 
                stream bank erosion and threats of flooding while 
                improving trout habitat.
            ``(2) Partnerships.--In carrying out the initiative 
        established under this section, the Secretary shall provide 
        assistance to partnerships to educate landowners and operators 
        on the benefits of climate-smart agriculture, soil health, and 
        holistic grazing, with a focus on equity.
            ``(3) Types of assistance.--The Secretary may provide 
        assistance under this section in the form of financial 
        assistance, technical assistance, and payments for the 
        conveyance of easements to the Secretary, under such terms as 
        the Secretary may establish.
    ``(c) Funding.--
            ``(1) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
        authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are 
        necessary to carry out this section for each fiscal year.
            ``(2) Unobligated funds.--The Secretary may use to carry 
        out this section amounts made available for the programs 
        described in paragraphs (3) through (6) of section 1241(a) for 
        any fiscal year that remain unobligated at the end of that 
        fiscal year.''.

SEC. 2413. EXPANSION OF NRCS SNOW SURVEY AND WATER SUPPLY FORECASTING.

    (a) Definition of Northeastern United States.--In this section, the 
term ``Northeastern United States'' means the States of Maine, New 
Hampshire, Vermont, New York, and any other States determined by the 
Secretary.
    (b) Expansion.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the 
Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall expand the snow survey 
and water supply forecasting program carried out by the Natural 
Resources Conservation Service to serve the Northeastern United States.

                 Subtitle E--Funding and Administration

SEC. 2501. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION.

    (a) In General.--Section 1241 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
U.S.C. 3841) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Annual Funding.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall use the funds, 
        facilities, and authorities of the Commodity Credit Corporation 
        to carry out the programs described in this subsection, 
        including the provision of technical assistance.
            ``(2) Conservation reserve.--For fiscal year 2025 and each 
        fiscal year thereafter, using the funds of the Commodity Credit 
        Corporation, the Secretary shall carry out the conservation 
        reserve program under subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D, 
        to the maximum extent practicable, including using $60,000,000 
        to provide payments under section 1234(c).
            ``(3) Agricultural conservation easement program.--
                    ``(A) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
                Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry 
                out the agricultural conservation easement program 
                under subtitle H, to the maximum extent practicable--
                            ``(i) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(ii) $540,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                            ``(iii) $540,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                            ``(iv) $570,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                            ``(v) $570,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                            ``(vi) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                            ``(vii) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            ``(viii) $675,000,000 for fiscal year 2031;
                            ``(ix) $675,000,000 for fiscal year 2032; 
                        and
                            ``(x) $750,000,000 for fiscal year 2033 and 
                        each fiscal year thereafter.
                    ``(B) Use of funds.--Of the funds made available by 
                subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal 
                year thereafter, the Secretary shall use not less than 
                80 percent to carry out the purposes described in 
                section 21001(a)(3) of Public Law 117-169 (136 Stat. 
                2016).
            ``(4) Environmental quality incentives program.--
                    ``(A) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
                Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry 
                out the environmental quality incentives program under 
                subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D, to the maximum 
                extent practicable--
                            ``(i) $2,025,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(ii) $2,575,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                            ``(iii) $2,575,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2026;
                            ``(iv) $2,675,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                            ``(v) $2,675,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                            ``(vi) $2,775,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                            ``(vii) $2,775,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2030;
                            ``(viii) $2,975,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2031;
                            ``(ix) $2,975,000,000 for fiscal year 2032; 
                        and
                            ``(x) $3,225,000,000 for fiscal year 2033 
                        and each fiscal year thereafter.
                    ``(B) Use of funds.--Of the funds made available by 
                subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal 
                year thereafter, the Secretary shall use not less than 
                60 percent to carry out the purposes described in 
                section 21001(a)(1) of Public Law 117-169 (136 Stat. 
                2015).
                    ``(C) Conditions.--The use of amounts described in 
                subparagraph (B) shall be subject to the conditions 
                described in section 21001(a)(1)(B) of Public Law 117-
                169 (136 Stat. 2015).
            ``(5) Conservation stewardship program.--
                    ``(A) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
                Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry 
                out the conservation stewardship program under 
                subchapter B of chapter 4 of subtitle D, to the maximum 
                extent practicable--
                            ``(i) $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(ii) $1,200,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                            ``(iii) $1,200,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2026;
                            ``(iv) $1,250,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                            ``(v) $1,250,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                            ``(vi) $1,325,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                            ``(vii) $1,325,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2030;
                            ``(viii) $1,450,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2031;
                            ``(ix) $1,450,000,000 for fiscal year 2032; 
                        and
                            ``(x) $1,550,000,000 for fiscal year 2033 
                        and each fiscal year thereafter.
                    ``(B) Use of funds.--Of the funds made available by 
                subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal 
                year thereafter, the Secretary shall use not less than 
                50 percent to carry out the purposes described in 
                section 21001(a)(2) of Public Law 117-169 (136 Stat. 
                2016).
                    ``(C) Conditions.--The use of amounts described in 
                subparagraph (B) shall be subject to the conditions 
                described in section 21001(a)(2)(B) of Public Law 117-
                169 (136 Stat. 2016).
                    ``(D) Contracts previously entered into.--Of the 
                funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the 
                Secretary shall use such sums as are necessary to 
                administer contracts entered into before December 20, 
                2018, under the conservation stewardship program under 
                subchapter B of chapter 2 of subtitle D (as in effect 
                on December 19, 2018).
            ``(6) Regional conservation partnership program.--
                    ``(A) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
                Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry 
                out the regional conservation partnership program under 
                subtitle I, to the maximum extent practicable--
                            ``(i) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(ii) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                            ``(iii) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                            ``(iv) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                            ``(v) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                            ``(vi) $800,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                            ``(vii) $800,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            ``(viii) $900,000,000 for fiscal year 2031;
                            ``(ix) $900,000,000 for fiscal year 2032; 
                        and
                            ``(x) $1,050,000,000 for fiscal year 2033 
                        and each fiscal year thereafter.
                    ``(B) Use of funds.--Of the funds made available by 
                subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal 
                year thereafter, the Secretary shall use not less than 
                80 percent to carry out the purposes described in 
                section 21001(a)(4) of Public Law 117-169 (136 Stat. 
                2016).
                    ``(C) Conditions.--The use of amounts described in 
                subparagraph (B) shall be subject to the conditions 
                described in section 21001(a)(4)(B) of Public Law 117-
                169 (136 Stat. 2016).''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``fiscal years 2014 
        through 2031'' and inserting ``fiscal year 2014 and each fiscal 
        year thereafter''.
    (b) Rescission.--The unobligated balances of amounts appropriated 
by section 21001(a) of Public Law 117-169 (136 Stat. 2015) are 
rescinded.
    (c) Assistance to Certain Farmers or Ranchers for Conservation 
Access.--Section 1241(h) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3841(h)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B)--
                    (A) in the subparagraph heading, by striking 
                ``Fiscal years 2019 through 2031'' and inserting 
                ``Subsequent fiscal years''; and
                    (B) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 
                ``each of fiscal years 2019 through 2031'' and 
                inserting ``fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year 
                thereafter''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and, in the case of 
        fiscal years 2019 through 2031,'' and inserting ``and''.
    (d) Report on Program Enrollments and Assistance.--Section 1241(i) 
of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(i)) is amended, in the 
matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``each of calendar years 
2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``calendar year 2019 and each 
calendar year thereafter''.
    (e) Conservation Standards and Requirements.--Section 1241(j)(1) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(j)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) a schedule for the revision of existing, and 
                establishment of new, conservation practice standards 
                under section 1242(h).''.

SEC. 2502. DELIVERY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

    Section 1242 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
                paragraphs (2) and (4), respectively;
                    (B) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
            ``(1) Approved non-federal certifying entity.--The term 
        `approved non-Federal certifying entity' means a non-Federal 
        entity approved by the Secretary under subsection (e)(5)(C)(ii) 
        to perform certifications of third-party providers under this 
        section.''; and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (2) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
            ``(3) Farmer-to-farmer network.--The term `farmer-to-farmer 
        network' means any affiliation or association of farmers that 
        share information, technical assistance, or any other type of 
        mutually beneficial support.'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``science-based, site-
        specific practices designed'' and inserting ``timely, science-
        based, and site-specific practice design and implementation 
        assistance'';
            (3) in subsection (d), by inserting ``(including private 
        sector entities)'' after ``non-Federal entities'';
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Food, 
                Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008'' and inserting 
                ``Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking ``ensure'' and 
                all that follows through ``engineering,'' and inserting 
                ``ensure that third-party providers with expertise in 
                the technical aspects of conservation planning, 
                watershed planning, environmental engineering, 
                conservation practice design, implementation, and 
                evaluation, or other technical skills, as determined by 
                the Secretary,''; and
                    (C) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5) and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(4) Certification.--The Secretary shall certify a third-
        party provider through--
                    ``(A) a certification process administered by the 
                Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Natural 
                Resources Conservation Service;
                    ``(B) a non-Federal entity (other than a State 
                agency) approved by the Secretary to perform the 
                certification; or
                    ``(C) a State agency with State statutory authority 
                to certify, administer, or license professionals in one 
                or more fields of natural resources, agriculture, or 
                engineering approved by the Secretary to perform the 
                certification.
            ``(5) Non-federal certifying entity process.--
                    ``(A) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after 
                the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall establish a 
                process for the certification of third-party providers 
                through approved non-Federal certifying entities, with 
                the goal of increasing third-party provider capacity, 
                including the certification of qualified agricultural 
                retailers, cooperatives, professional societies, 
                service providers, and organizations described in 
                section 1265A(3)(B)(i).
                    ``(B) Eligibility of non-federal entities.--In 
                determining the eligibility of an entity described in 
                subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (4) (referred to 
                in this paragraph as a `non-Federal entity') to perform 
                certifications, the Secretary shall consider--
                            ``(i) the ability and capacity of the non-
                        Federal entity to assess qualifications of a 
                        third-party provider and certify third-party 
                        providers at scale;
                            ``(ii) the experience of the non-Federal 
                        entity in working with third-party providers 
                        and eligible participants;
                            ``(iii) the expertise of the non-Federal 
                        entity in the technical and science-based 
                        aspects of conservation delivery described in 
                        paragraph (3)(A);
                            ``(iv) the history of the non-Federal 
                        entity in working with agricultural producers; 
                        and
                            ``(v) such other qualifications as the 
                        Secretary determines to be appropriate.
                    ``(C) Approval.--Not later than 40 business days 
                after the date on which the Secretary receives an 
                application submitted by a non-Federal entity to 
                perform certifications of third-party providers under 
                this section, the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) determine if the non-Federal entity 
                        meets the eligibility requirements established 
                        under subparagraph (B); and
                            ``(ii) if the Secretary makes a positive 
                        determination under clause (i), approve the 
                        non-Federal entity to perform certifications of 
                        third-party providers under this section.
                    ``(D) Timely decisions.--Not later than 10 business 
                days after the date on which the Secretary receives a 
                notification submitted by a third-party provider that 
                the third-party provider has been certified by an 
                approved non-Federal certifying entity to provide 
                technical assistance for specified practices and 
                conservation activities, the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) review the certification; and
                            ``(ii) if the certification is satisfactory 
                        to the Secretary, include the name of the 
                        third-party provider on the registry of 
                        certified third-party providers maintained by 
                        the Secretary.
                    ``(E) Duties of approved non-federal certifying 
                entities.--An approved non-Federal certifying entity 
                shall--
                            ``(i) assess the ability of a third-party 
                        provider to appropriately provide technical 
                        assistance to eligible participants for 
                        specified practices and conservation 
                        activities; and
                            ``(ii) provide to third-party providers 
                        certified by the approved non-Federal 
                        certifying entity--
                                    ``(I) training to ensure that the 
                                third-party providers are qualified to 
                                provide the technical assistance 
                                described in clause (i); and
                                    ``(II) continuing education, as 
                                appropriate, to ensure that the third-
                                party providers are educated in the 
                                most recent technical- and science-
                                based aspects of conservation delivery.
            ``(6) Streamlined certification.--Not later than 180 days 
        after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
        Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall provide a streamlined 
        certification process for a third-party provider that has an 
        appropriate specialty certification, including a certified crop 
        advisor certified by the American Society of Agronomy, a 
        professional engineer, or a holder of a technical certification 
        approved by the Secretary.'';
            (5) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``and for the 
                purpose of carrying out subsection (k)'' before the 
                period at the end;
                    (B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by inserting ``or an approved non-
                Federal certifying entity'' after ``third-party 
                provider'';
                    (C) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(3) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024, and additionally thereafter at the discretion of the 
        Secretary, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) review certification requirements for third-
                party providers;
                    ``(B) make any adjustments considered necessary by 
                the Secretary to improve participation and the quality 
                and effectiveness of conservation practices implemented 
                and adopted with support from technical service 
                providers; and
                    ``(C) conduct outreach to and receive input from 
                third-party providers, both that currently participate 
                in the program under this section and those that no 
                longer participate in the program, and entities, 
                organizations, and associations providing or supporting 
                consultative services to agriculture, livestock, and 
                forest producers to assess barriers and opportunities 
                for the use of third-party provider assistance for 
                improved conservation program delivery.'';
                    (D) in paragraph (4)(A)(i), by inserting 
                ``maintenance,'' after ``outreach,''; and
                    (E) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(5) Payment amounts.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish 
                fair and reasonable amounts of payments for technical 
                services provided by third-party providers at rates 
                equivalent to, but that do not exceed, technical 
                assistance provided by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Considerations.--In determining fair and 
                reasonable payment amounts under subparagraph (A), the 
                Secretary shall consider specialized equipment, 
                frequency of site visits, training, travel and 
                transportation, and such other factors as the Secretary 
                determines to be appropriate.
                    ``(C) Exclusion.--A payment provided under another 
                Federal program directly to an eligible participant for 
                technical assistance provided by a third-party provider 
                certified under this section shall be--
                            ``(i) excluded from cost-sharing 
                        requirements under the program under which the 
                        payment was provided; and
                            ``(ii) equal to not more than 100 percent 
                        of the fair and reasonable payment amount for 
                        the applicable technical assistance determined 
                        under subparagraph (B).
            ``(6) Transparency.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
        of establishment of the processes under paragraphs (5)(A) and 
        (6) of subsection (e), and routinely thereafter, the Secretary 
        shall provide accessible public information on--
                    ``(A) funds obligated to third-party providers 
                through--
                            ``(i) contracts entered into between 
                        eligible participants and individual third-
                        party providers; and
                            ``(ii) agreements with public and private 
                        sector entities to secure third-party technical 
                        assistance;
                    ``(B) certification results, including--
                            ``(i) the number of third-party providers 
                        certified by the Secretary;
                            ``(ii) the number of approved non-Federal 
                        certifying entities;
                            ``(iii) the number of third-party providers 
                        certified through approved non-Federal 
                        certifying entities; and
                            ``(iv) the number of third-party providers 
                        certified based on State agency or professional 
                        association credentialing; and
                    ``(C) the estimated number of staff hours or full-
                time equivalents saved through work accomplished by 
                third-party providers.'';
            (6) in subsection (h)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting 
                ``Establishment and'' before ``Review'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) by striking ``not later than 1 
                                year after the date of enactment of the 
                                Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018'' 
                                and inserting ``not less frequently 
                                than once every 5 years'';
                                    (II) by inserting ``on a rolling 
                                basis,'' after ``standard,''; and
                                    (III) by striking ``that Act'' and 
                                inserting ``the Rural Prosperity and 
                                Food Security Act of 2024'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (D), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting a semicolon; 
                        and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) provide an opportunity for public input on 
                each conservation practice standard under review;
                    ``(F) publicly post a summary of comments received 
                under subparagraph (E) and decisions made or not made 
                due to those comments; and
                    ``(G) publish each revised conservation practice 
                standard.'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``Indian Tribes, 
                Tribal organizations, Native Hawaiian organizations,'' 
                after ``nongovernmental organizations,'';
                    (D) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(3) Establishment of conservation practice standards.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) develop, for the programs under this 
                        title, a streamlined, publicly accessible, 
                        administrative process for establishing, 
                        including proposing, reviewing, and adopting, 
                        interim conservation practice standards and 
                        conservation practice standards; and
                            ``(ii) publish a detailed description of 
                        the process developed under clause (i), 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) specific thresholds 
                                appropriate for expedited review; and
                                    ``(II) an associated timeline for 
                                the implementation of the review.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--Under the process established 
                under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) consider conservation innovations, 
                        scientific and technological advancements, and 
                        traditional ecological knowledge, including 
                        from projects developed under section 1240H;
                            ``(ii) allow State, local, and Tribal 
                        flexibility in the creation of--
                                    ``(I) interim conservation practice 
                                standards and supplements to existing 
                                conservation practice standards to 
                                address the considerations described in 
                                clause (i); and
                                    ``(II) partnership-led proposals 
                                for new and innovative techniques to 
                                facilitate implementing agreements and 
                                grants under this title;
                            ``(iii) solicit regular input from State 
                        technical committees established under section 
                        1261(a) for recommendations that identify 
                        innovations or advancements described in clause 
                        (i); and
                            ``(iv) allow for public submission of 
                        proposals for consideration as interim 
                        conservation practice standards.
                    ``(C) Public information.--Under the process 
                established under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall 
                make publicly available information describing--
                            ``(i) what constitutes--
                                    ``(I) a conservation practice 
                                standard; and
                                    ``(II) an interim conservation 
                                practice standard;
                            ``(ii) the process by which the public can 
                        submit to the Secretary proposals for 
                        consideration as interim conservation practice 
                        standards, including a template and written 
                        instructions for how to submit a conservation 
                        practice for consideration;
                            ``(iii) the data, metrics, third-party or 
                        scientific information, and other relevant 
                        information that the Secretary needs to 
                        consider in the establishment of interim 
                        conservation practice standards;
                            ``(iv) the process by which an interim 
                        conservation practice standard becomes a 
                        conservation practice standard;
                            ``(v) the means by which the public can 
                        engage State technical committees established 
                        under section 1261(a) to consider interim 
                        conservation practice standards already in 
                        effect in other States; and
                            ``(vi) such other information as the 
                        Secretary determines to be appropriate.'';
                    (E) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Agriculture 
                                Improvement Act of 2018'' and inserting 
                                ``Rural Prosperity and Food Security 
                                Act of 2024''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``Congress a 
                                report on--'' and inserting ``Congress 
                                and make publicly available on a 
                                website of the Department of 
                                Agriculture a report describing--'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``a 
                        detailed description of'' before ``the 
                        administrative'';
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by striking ``or revised''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``and'' at the 
                                end;
                            (iv) in subparagraph (C), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (v) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) such other information as the Secretary 
                determines to be appropriate with respect to improving 
                the process for reviewing and establishing conservation 
                practice standards.''; and
                    (F) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Enteric methane emissions.--Not later than 180 days 
        after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary 
        shall--
                    ``(A) complete a review of conservation practice 
                standards in effect on the day before the date of 
                enactment of this paragraph to consider any revisions 
                to conservation practice standards, including for feed 
                management, or new conservation practice standards that 
                would be appropriate to assist in reducing enteric 
                methane emissions;
                    ``(B) revise appropriate conservation practice 
                standards in effect on the day before the date of 
                enactment of this paragraph as necessary to assist in 
                reducing enteric methane emissions; and
                    ``(C) establish any appropriate new conservation 
                practice standards to assist in reducing enteric 
                methane emissions.''; and
            (7) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) Native Traditional Ecological Knowledge.--
            ``(1) Definition of native entity.--In this subsection, the 
        term `Native entity' means--
                    ``(A) an Indian Tribe; and
                    ``(B) a conservation-focused Native Hawaiian 
                organization.
            ``(2) Incorporating native traditional ecological 
        knowledge.--The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent 
        practicable, fully incorporate Native traditional ecological 
        knowledge into the conservation practice standards, including 
        the Native conservation practice standards developed under 
        paragraph (3).
            ``(3) Native conservation practice standards.--
                    ``(A) Working groups.--Not later than 1 year after 
                the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary 
                shall establish in each service area office of the 
                Natural Resources Conservation Service a working group 
                consisting of--
                            ``(i) a representative from the applicable 
                        State technical committee established under 
                        section 1261(a);
                            ``(ii) the applicable State Conservationist 
                        of the Natural Resources Conservation Service; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) a designated representative from 
                        each Native entity within the service area that 
                        elects to participate.
                    ``(B) Development of standards.--Each working group 
                established under subparagraph (A) shall develop 
                technical standards based on Native traditional 
                ecological knowledge to be--
                            ``(i) recognized as Native conservation 
                        practice standards for the applicable service 
                        area; and
                            ``(ii) incorporated into the Natural 
                        Resources Conservation Service field office 
                        technical guide for the applicable service 
                        area.
    ``(k) Provision of Assistance to Farmer-to-Farmer Networks.--
            ``(1) Purposes.--The purposes of this subsection are--
                    ``(A) to build capacity for farmer-to-farmer 
                networks, connect farmers with mentors or group 
                learning opportunities, and support goal setting to 
                increase long-term adoption of consistent, science-
                based, site-specific practices designed to achieve 
                conservation objectives on land active in agricultural, 
                forestry, or related uses;
                    ``(B) to increase the provision of technical 
                assistance that meets the specific needs of, and is 
                accessible to, farmers, ranchers, and forest owners 
                using different farming models, practices, and scales; 
                and
                    ``(C) to establish and steward farmer-to-farmer 
                networks.
            ``(2) Cooperative agreements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may enter into 
                cooperative agreements with eligible entities to carry 
                out the purposes described in paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to 
                enter into a cooperative agreement with the Secretary 
                under subparagraph (A) is--
                            ``(i) a nonprofit entity described in 
                        section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code 
                        of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 
                        501(a) of that Code;
                            ``(ii) a farmer-to-farmer network;
                            ``(iii) an Indian Tribe;
                            ``(iv) a Tribal organization;
                            ``(v) a Native Hawaiian organization, 
                        including the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands 
                        and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs;
                            ``(vi) a unit of local government 
                        (including a conservation district and a 
                        conservation district association);
                            ``(vii) an institution of higher education;
                            ``(viii) a State; and
                            ``(ix) any other entity designated by the 
                        Secretary.
                    ``(C) Prioritization.--In selecting eligible 
                entities with which to enter into cooperative 
                agreements under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall 
                give priority to eligible entities that seek to meet 
                the specific needs of, and are accessible to--
                            ``(i) historically underserved farmers, 
                        ranchers, and forest owners, including limited-
                        resource farmers, ranchers, and forest owners; 
                        or
                            ``(ii) farmers, ranchers, and forest owners 
                        operating in high-poverty areas.
            ``(3) Responsibilities of providers of assistance to 
        farmer-to-farmer networks.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If an eligible entity provides 
                assistance to establish a farmer-to-farmer network 
                using assistance provided through a cooperative 
                agreement under paragraph (2), the eligible entity 
                shall be responsible for not less than 2 of the 
                following actions:
                            ``(i) Facilitating and increasing farmer 
                        access to farmer-to-farmer networks.
                            ``(ii) Facilitating mentor and mentee 
                        matchmaking among farmers.
                            ``(iii) Coordinating training and resources 
                        to build the skills of farmer-to-farmer network 
                        leaders and participants for effective 
                        education, grassroots-based learning, and 
                        cross-training with respect to the facilitation 
                        of, information about, and other skills with 
                        respect to building effective farmer-to-farmer 
                        networks.
                            ``(iv) Maintaining and promulgating a list 
                        of relevant entities, associations, and 
                        individuals that are supporting, or have an 
                        interest in supporting, farmer-to-farmer 
                        networks.
                            ``(v) Administering subawards to increase 
                        farmer access to farmer-to-farmer assistance in 
                        accordance with paragraph (4).
                            ``(vi) Other actions determined appropriate 
                        by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Language assistance.--If an eligible entity 
                provides assistance described in subparagraph (A) to a 
                non-English speaking farmer, rancher, or forest owner, 
                the eligible entity shall, to the greatest extent 
                practicable, provide that assistance in the native 
                language of the farmer, rancher, or forest owner.
            ``(4) Subawards.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If an eligible entity awards a 
                subaward pursuant to paragraph (3)(A)(v) to an eligible 
                subawardee described in subparagraph (B), the eligible 
                subawardee shall use that award--
                            ``(i) to plan and conduct events, and 
                        identify and develop innovative activities, to 
                        support building capacity for farmer-to-farmer 
                        networks, connecting farmers with mentors or 
                        group learning opportunities, and supporting 
                        goal setting to increase long-term adoption of 
                        consistent, science-based, site-specific 
                        conservation objectives on land active in 
                        agricultural, forestry, or related uses; and
                            ``(ii) to compensate participants in the 
                        events and activities described in clause (i) 
                        at market rates.
                    ``(B) Eligible subawardees.--An entity eligible for 
                a subaward under paragraph (3)(A)(v) is--
                            ``(i) a nonprofit entity described in 
                        section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code 
                        of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 
                        501(a) of that Code;
                            ``(ii) a farmer-to-farmer network;
                            ``(iii) an Indian Tribe;
                            ``(iv) a Tribal organization;
                            ``(v) a Native Hawaiian organization (as 
                        defined in section 6207 of the Native Hawaiian 
                        Education Act (20 U.S.C. 7517));
                            ``(vi) a unit of local government 
                        (including a conservation district and a 
                        conservation district association);
                            ``(vii) an institution of higher education;
                            ``(viii) an individual; and
                            ``(ix) any other entity designated by the 
                        Secretary.
                    ``(C) Requirements.--The Secretary, in conjunction 
                with the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation 
                Service, shall establish any necessary additional 
                requirements for subawards under paragraph (3)(A)(v).
    ``(l) Technical Assistance on Agrivoltaics.--In carrying out the 
conservation programs under this title, the Secretary may provide 
technical assistance under those programs to farmers growing crops 
below or in tandem with solar energy systems.''.

SEC. 2503. ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSERVATION PROGRAMS.

    Section 1244 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (f)(4), by adding at the end the 
        following:
                    ``(C) State acres for wildlife enhancement.--The 
                limitations established under paragraph (1) shall not 
                apply to land enrolled in the State acres for wildlife 
                enhancement practice under section 
                1231(d)(6)(A)(i)(IV).'';
            (2) in subsection (m), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``subtitle D and'' and all that follows 
        through ``the Secretary shall'' and inserting ``subtitle D, the 
        environmental quality incentives program under subchapter A of 
        chapter 4 of subtitle D, and the agricultural conservation 
        easement program under subtitle H, and in entering into 
        alternative funding arrangements under the regional 
        conservation partnership program under section 1271C(d), the 
        Secretary shall''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(q) Encouragement of Habitat Connectivity and Wildlife Migration 
Corridors.--In carrying out any conservation program administered by 
the Secretary, the Secretary may, as appropriate, encourage--
            ``(1) the conservation of landscape corridors and 
        hydrologic connectivity, where native fish, wildlife, and plant 
        species and ecological processes can transition from one 
        habitat to another, in order to conserve native biodiversity 
        and ensure resiliency against impacts from a range of 
        stressors; and
            ``(2) the use of conservation practices that support the 
        development, restoration, and maintenance of landscape 
        corridors and hydrologic connectivity.''.

SEC. 2504. BEST PRACTICES GUIDANCE FOR SOLAR ENERGY LAND MANAGEMENT.

    Subtitle E of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3841 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1248. BEST PRACTICES GUIDANCE FOR SOLAR ENERGY LAND MANAGEMENT.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Secretary, acting through the Chief of 
the Natural Resources Conservation Service (referred to in this section 
as the `Secretary'), in collaboration with the Secretary of Energy 
(including the Solar Energy Technologies Office) and the Under 
Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development, shall--
            ``(1) develop both national and regionally relevant 
        guidance on best practices for protection of soil health and 
        productivity during the siting, construction, operation, and 
        decommissioning of solar energy systems on agricultural land, 
        which shall include--
                    ``(A) guidance for--
                            ``(i) soil carbon and soil health;
                            ``(ii) water management;
                            ``(iii) vegetation management, including 
                        types of plants best suited for pollinators; 
                        and
                            ``(iv) other practices, as determined 
                        appropriate by the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) regional considerations for each type of 
                guidance described in clauses (i) through (iv) of 
                subparagraph (A); and
            ``(2) make the guidance developed under paragraph (1) 
        publicly available on the website of the Natural Resources 
        Conservation Service.
    ``(b) Review Required.--The Secretary, in coordination with the 
Secretary of Energy, shall--
            ``(1) update guidance developed under subsection (a)(1) not 
        less frequently than once every 2 years; and
            ``(2) ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, the 
        completeness and relevance of that guidance.
    ``(c) Consultation.--In conducting the review under subsection (b), 
the Secretary shall consult with eligible participants, State technical 
committees established under section 1261(a), crop consultants, 
cooperative extension and land grant universities, nongovernmental 
organizations, industry, and other qualified entities.''.

         Subtitle F--Agricultural Conservation Easement Program

SEC. 2601. DEFINITIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 1265A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
U.S.C. 3865a) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in clause (i)--
                                    (I) by striking ``an eligible 
                                entity'' the first place it appears and 
                                inserting ``one or more eligible 
                                entities''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``an eligible 
                                entity owns or is'' and inserting ``one 
                                or more of those eligible entities own 
                                or are'';
                            (ii) in clause (ii)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding 
                                subclause (I), by striking ``the 
                                eligible entity certifies to the 
                                Secretary that the'' and inserting 
                                ``each eligible entity certifies to the 
                                Secretary that an'';
                                    (II) in subclause (I)--
                                            (aa) by striking the 
                                        subclause designation and all 
                                        that follows through ``hold'' 
                                        in item (bb) and inserting the 
                                        following:
                                    ``(I) hold'';
                                            (bb) by striking ``transfer 
                                        ownership of the land'' and 
                                        inserting ``ownership of the 
                                        land will be transferred''; and
                                            (cc) by striking ``and'' at 
                                        the end;
                                    (III) in subclause (II), by 
                                inserting ``that owns the land subject 
                                to the agricultural land easement held 
                                by another eligible entity'' after 
                                ``eligible entity''; and
                                    (IV) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                                    ``(III) at no time hold both an 
                                agricultural land easement and 
                                ownership of the land subject to that 
                                agricultural land easement; and''; and
                            (iii) in clause (iii), by striking ``by the 
                        eligible entity'' and all that follows through 
                        the period at the end and inserting ``by one or 
                        more eligible entities if such an eligible 
                        entity fails to transfer ownership under clause 
                        (ii).''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                ``(A)(ii)(I)(bb)'' and inserting ``(A)(ii)(I)'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (7) as 
        paragraphs (4) through (8), respectively;
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Buy-sell-protect transaction.--The term `buy-sell-
        protect transaction' means a legal arrangement--
                    ``(A) between one or more eligible entities and the 
                Secretary relating to land that one or more of those 
                eligible entities own or are going to purchase prior to 
                acquisition of an agricultural land easement; and
                    ``(B) under which each eligible entity certifies to 
                the Secretary that an eligible entity shall hold an 
                agricultural land easement on that land, but ownership 
                of the land will be transferred to a farmer or rancher 
                that is not an eligible entity prior to or on 
                acquisition of the agricultural land easement.''; and
            (4) in paragraph (5) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``tribal land'' and inserting ``Tribal land''; 
                and
                    (B) in subparagraph (A)(i)--
                            (i) in subclause (I), by striking ``or'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) in subclause (II), by adding ``or'' at 
                        the end; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(III) a buy-sell-protect 
                                transaction;''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1271A(4)(I) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871a(4)(I)) is amended by striking 
``1265A(3)(B)'' and inserting ``1265A(4)(B)''.

SEC. 2602. AGRICULTURAL LAND EASEMENTS.

    (a) Availability of Assistance.--Section 1265B(a) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) buy-sell-protect transactions.''.
    (b) Cost-Share Assistance.--Section 1265B(b) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by striking ``50 percent'' and inserting 
                ``60 percent, except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B)(ii)(I),''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in clause (i), by striking ``that is at 
                        least equivalent to that provided by the 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``of not less than 40 
                        percent, except as provided in clause (ii)(II), 
                        of the fair market value of the agricultural 
                        land easement''; and
                            (ii) in clause (ii)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Secretary, the 
                                Secretary'' and inserting the 
                                following: ``Secretary--
                                    ``(I) the Secretary'';
                                    (II) in subclause (I) (as so 
                                designated)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``75 
                                        percent'' and inserting ``80 
                                        percent''; and
                                            (bb) by striking the period 
                                        at the end and inserting ``; 
                                        and''; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                                    ``(II) the eligible entity shall 
                                provide a share that is not less than 
                                20 percent of the fair market value of 
                                the agricultural land easement.''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:
            ``(5) Certification of eligible entities.--
                    ``(A) Certification purpose.--The purpose of the 
                certification of eligible entities under this paragraph 
                is--
                            ``(i) to minimize administrative burdens on 
                        the Secretary; and
                            ``(ii) to recognize the ability of 
                        experienced eligible entities to carry out the 
                        purposes of the program with minimal oversight 
                        by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Certification process.--The Secretary shall 
                establish a process under which the Secretary--
                            ``(i) directly certifies eligible entities 
                        that meet established criteria described in 
                        subparagraph (C) or (D);
                            ``(ii) enters into long-term agreements 
                        with certified eligible entities;
                            ``(iii) accepts proposals for cost-share 
                        assistance for the purchase of agricultural 
                        land easements throughout the duration of such 
                        agreements;
                            ``(iv) allows a certified eligible entity 
                        to use its own terms and conditions, 
                        notwithstanding paragraph (4)(C), as long as 
                        the terms and conditions are consistent with 
                        the purposes of the program;
                            ``(v) may allow a certified eligible entity 
                        to include the minimum deed terms established 
                        by the Secretary under paragraph (4)(C); and
                            ``(vi) may allow a certified eligible 
                        entity to assist a non-certified eligible 
                        entity in the purchase and stewardship of an 
                        agricultural land easement.
                    ``(C) Certification criteria for eligible 
                entities.--To be certified through the process 
                established under subparagraph (B), an eligible entity 
                shall demonstrate to the Secretary that the eligible 
                entity--
                            ``(i) will maintain, at a minimum, for the 
                        duration of the agreement and the duration of 
                        each agricultural land easement acquired under 
                        the agreement--
                                    ``(I) a plan for administering 
                                agricultural land easements that is 
                                consistent with the purposes of the 
                                program;
                                    ``(II) the capacity and resources 
                                to monitor and enforce agricultural 
                                land easements consistent with the 
                                purposes of the program; and
                                    ``(III) policies and procedures to 
                                ensure--
                                            ``(aa) the long-term 
                                        integrity of agricultural land 
                                        easements on eligible land 
                                        consistent with the purposes of 
                                        the program;
                                            ``(bb) timely completion of 
                                        acquisitions of such 
                                        agricultural land easements;
                                            ``(cc) timely and complete 
                                        evaluation and reporting to the 
                                        Secretary on the use of funds 
                                        provided under the program; and
                                            ``(dd) compliance with 
                                        program requirements, including 
                                        timely notifications to the 
                                        Secretary required under the 
                                        program, such as notifications 
                                        of de minimis adjustments in 
                                        accordance with section 
                                        1265D(c)(6)(B)(iii); and
                            ``(ii) has--
                                    ``(I) acquired not fewer than 10 
                                agricultural land easements under the 
                                program; and
                                    ``(II) successfully met the 
                                responsibilities of the eligible entity 
                                under the applicable agreements with 
                                the Secretary, as determined by the 
                                Secretary, relating to agricultural 
                                land easements that the eligible entity 
                                has acquired under the program or any 
                                predecessor program.
                    ``(D) Expedited certification of public entities 
                and accredited land trusts.--The Secretary may certify 
                an eligible entity using an expedited certification 
                process under subparagraph (B) if the eligible entity 
                demonstrates that it--
                            ``(i) is--
                                    ``(I) accredited by the Land Trust 
                                Accreditation Commission, or by an 
                                equivalent accrediting body, as 
                                determined by the Secretary; or
                                    ``(II) a public agency with 
                                statutory authority for farm and 
                                ranchland protection;
                            ``(ii) has acquired not fewer than 5 
                        agricultural land easements under the program 
                        or any predecessor program;
                            ``(iii) has successfully met the 
                        responsibilities of the eligible entity under 
                        the applicable agreements with the Secretary, 
                        as determined by the Secretary, relating to 
                        agricultural land easements that the eligible 
                        entity has acquired under the program or any 
                        predecessor program; and
                            ``(iv) meets the requirements of 
                        subparagraph (C)(i).
                    ``(E) Applicability to regional conservation 
                partnership program.--The certification of an eligible 
                entity under this paragraph, and the authorities under 
                this paragraph resulting from that certification, shall 
                apply to the establishment by the eligible entity of 
                agricultural land easements under the regional 
                conservation partnership program under subtitle I.
                    ``(F) Review; revocation.--
                            ``(i) Review.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--The Secretary 
                                shall conduct a review of eligible 
                                entities certified under subparagraph 
                                (B) every 3 years to ensure that such 
                                certified eligible entities are meeting 
                                the criteria established under 
                                subparagraphs (C) and (D).
                                    ``(II) De minimis adjustments.--
                                Each review under subclause (I) shall 
                                include a review of any de minimis 
                                adjustments made by each certified 
                                eligible entity under section 
                                1265D(c)(6)(B), including a review of 
                                whether timely notification of each de 
                                minimis adjustment was made to the 
                                Secretary in accordance with clause 
                                (iii)(I) of that section.
                                    ``(III) Notification of 
                                accreditation entity.--If the Secretary 
                                determines in a review under subclause 
                                (I) that an eligible entity is not in 
                                compliance, the Secretary shall notify 
                                the appropriate accrediting or 
                                governing body overseeing the 
                                certification of the eligible entity 
                                under subparagraph (D) of the 
                                noncompliance of the eligible entity.
                            ``(ii) Revocation.--
                                    ``(I) Based on eligibility 
                                criteria.--If the Secretary finds that 
                                a certified eligible entity no longer 
                                meets the criteria established under 
                                subparagraph (C) or (D), as applicable, 
                                the Secretary may--
                                            ``(aa) allow the certified 
                                        eligible entity a specified 
                                        period of time, at a minimum 
                                        180 days, in which to take such 
                                        actions as may be necessary to 
                                        meet the criteria; and
                                            ``(bb) revoke the 
                                        certification of the eligible 
                                        entity, if, after the specified 
                                        period of time, the certified 
                                        eligible entity does not meet 
                                        such criteria.
                                    ``(II) Failure to comply with de 
                                minimis notifications.--If an eligible 
                                entity fails to comply with 
                                notification requirements under section 
                                1265D(c)(6)(B)(iii), the Secretary 
                                may--
                                            ``(aa) immediately revoke 
                                        the certification of the 
                                        eligible entity under this 
                                        paragraph; and
                                            ``(bb) pursue any other 
                                        remedies available to the 
                                        Secretary.''.

SEC. 2603. WETLAND RESERVE EASEMENTS.

    Section 1265C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``subsection (f)'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``subsection (g)'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(1), by inserting ``technical and'' 
        before ``financial'';
            (3) by redesignating subsections (e) through (g) as 
        subsections (f) through (h), respectively;
            (4) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the following:
    ``(d) Easement Stewardship.--
            ``(1) In general.--Using amounts made available to carry 
        out the program, the Secretary shall, with respect to eligible 
        land enrolled under this section--
                    ``(A) regularly assess and monitor the enrolled 
                land;
                    ``(B) provide technical and financial assistance 
                for the repair, necessary maintenance, and enhancement 
                activities described in the wetland reserve easement 
                plan developed for the eligible land under subsection 
                (g)(1); and
                    ``(C) create and execute a 5-year stewardship plan 
                for assessment, capacity, and performance, ensuring the 
                monitoring, repair, maintenance, and enhancement 
                activities described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) are 
                completed to ensure wetland reserve easements fulfill 
                the purposes of--
                            ``(i) the program; and
                            ``(ii) the wetland reserve easement plans 
                        described in subparagraph (B).
            ``(2) Payments.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
        Secretary shall make payments in amounts that are not more than 
        100 percent of the eligible costs, as determined by the 
        Secretary.
            ``(3) Report.--Not later 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
        Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
        on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report 
        describing--
                    ``(A) an inventory of the existing stewardship 
                needs of all wetland reserve easements;
                    ``(B) a plan to address the stewardship needs 
                described in that inventory;
                    ``(C) the amounts the Secretary will allocate to 
                address those stewardship needs; and
                    ``(D) the planned use of compatible uses under 
                subsection (b)(5)(C), contracts or agreements under 
                subsection (e)(2), or wetland reserve easement plans 
                under subsection (g)(1) to ensure that each of those 
                stewardship needs is addressed.
    ``(e) Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall assist owners in 
        complying with the terms and conditions of a wetland reserve 
        easement.
            ``(2) Contracts or agreements.--The Secretary may enter 
        into 1 or more contracts or agreements with a Federal, State, 
        or local government agency, nongovernmental organization, 
        Indian tribe or Tribal organization, or private entity to carry 
        out necessary restoration, enhancement, maintenance, repair, 
        assessment, or monitoring of a wetland reserve easement if the 
        Secretary determines that the contract or agreement will 
        advance the purposes of the program.''; and
            (5) in subsection (g) (as so redesignated), in paragraph 
        (3)(A), by striking ``Federal or State'' and inserting 
        ``Federal, State, or Tribal''.

SEC. 2604. ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) In General.--Section 1265D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
U.S.C. 3865d) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) De minimis adjustments.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may approve and 
                make a de minimis adjustment, as determined by the 
                Secretary and subject to conditions determined by the 
                Secretary, to any interest in land, or portion of such 
                interest, administered by the Secretary, directly or on 
                behalf of the Commodity Credit Corporation, under the 
                program if the Secretary determines that the 
                adjustment--
                            ``(i) increases conservation values or has 
                        a neutral or limited negative effect on 
                        conservation values;
                            ``(ii) is in the public interest or 
                        furthers the practical administration of the 
                        program; and
                            ``(iii) is not a subordination, 
                        modification, exchange, or termination, as 
                        determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) De minimis adjustments by certified eligible 
                entities.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary may 
                        authorize an eligible entity certified under 
                        section 1265B(b)(5) that has demonstrated the 
                        ability to make easement management decisions 
                        consistent with the purposes of the program to 
                        approve and make de minimis adjustments 
                        described in clause (ii) to any interest in 
                        eligible land held by the certified eligible 
                        entity if the certified eligible entity 
                        determines that the adjustment--
                                    ``(I) increases conservation values 
                                or has a neutral or limited negative 
                                effect on conservation values;
                                    ``(II) is consistent with the 
                                program purposes for which the interest 
                                was originally acquired and furthers 
                                the practical administration of the 
                                program;
                                    ``(III) is not made to resolve a 
                                violation or a potential violation; and
                                    ``(IV) is not made with respect to 
                                an easement that is co-held by the 
                                United States.
                            ``(ii) Types of de minimis adjustments.--
                        The de minimis adjustments referred to in 
                        clause (i) are limited to--
                                    ``(I) title corrections;
                                    ``(II) corrections to typographical 
                                errors;
                                    ``(III) changes in legal 
                                descriptions as a result of minor 
                                survey or mapping errors;
                                    ``(IV) changes to a building 
                                envelope boundary that do not increase 
                                the total square footage of the 
                                impervious surface of the original 
                                building envelope boundary; and
                                    ``(V) relocation of easement 
                                access.
                            ``(iii) Notification.--Not later than 30 
                        days after the date on which a certified 
                        eligible entity records a de minimis adjustment 
                        under clause (i), the certified eligible entity 
                        shall provide to the Secretary a notice of the 
                        de minimis adjustment and a copy of the 
                        recorded instrument.
                            ``(iv) Rule of construction.--Nothing in 
                        this subparagraph requires the Secretary to 
                        determine whether each eligible entity seeking 
                        certification under section 1265B(b)(5) meets 
                        the requirements to make de minimis adjustments 
                        under this subparagraph.''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Compliance With Certain Requirements.--
            ``(1) Conservation and wetland protection requirements.--
        The Secretary may not provide assistance under this subtitle to 
        an eligible entity or owner of eligible land unless the owner 
        of the eligible land, at the time of acquisition of an easement 
        under this subtitle, is in compliance with applicable 
        requirements under subtitles B and C.
            ``(2) Equitable treatment.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
        equitable treatment of a purchaser of eligible land under a 
        purchase agreement, an installment land contract, or a lease-
        to-own agreement by--
                    ``(A) identifying the purchaser of the land as the 
                owner of the land;
                    ``(B) appropriately identifying the seller of the 
                land based on the instrument; and
                    ``(C) addressing the interests of the parties 
                described in subparagraphs (A) and (B), as determined 
                necessary by the Secretary, by the time of acquisition 
                of an easement under this subtitle.''.
    (b) Report on Groundwater Conservation Easement Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall conduct a study to 
        determine the feasibility of establishing a groundwater 
        conservation easement program within the agricultural 
        conservation easement program established under subtitle H of 
        title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865 et 
        seq.).
            (2) Contents.--The study conducted under paragraph (1) 
        shall--
                    (A) examine the impact of legal regimes governing 
                water rights on the establishment of easements across 
                the United States, particularly focused on how water 
                rights under State laws can be purchased or regulated 
                by the Federal Government as a property right;
                    (B) examine the feasibility of establishing an 
                easement program devoted to purchasing eligible water 
                rights either in perpetuity or for a term, which may 
                include establishing easements on eligible land 
                associated with such water rights, through groundwater 
                conservation easements;
                    (C) analyze how the establishment of a groundwater 
                conservation easement program would incentivize farmers 
                and ranchers to discontinue irrigation practices and to 
                adopt groundwater conservation management practices;
                    (D) consider what potential effects a groundwater 
                conservation easement program would have on sustainable 
                groundwater management, the recharging of declining 
                aquifers, and the reduction of reliance on groundwater 
                water supply;
                    (E) assess the effectiveness of a groundwater 
                conservation easement program if the landowner or 
                eligible entity has the right to continue agricultural 
                production and other uses compatible with sustainable 
                groundwater management while participating in the 
                program;
                    (F) analyze the elements of the groundwater 
                conservation easement program that may not be 
                consistent with the agricultural conservation easement 
                program, such as--
                            (i) the length of an easement agreement to 
                        restore and enhance groundwater-dependent 
                        ecosystems; and
                            (ii) geographic scope; and
                    (G) consider the costs of--
                            (i) the fair market value of a groundwater 
                        conservation easement;
                            (ii) technical assistance to implement the 
                        groundwater conservation easement program; and
                            (iii) revegetating land with plants that 
                        can survive drought and do not require 
                        irrigation.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and 
        the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
        Senate a report describing the findings of the study conducted 
        under paragraph (1), including findings relating to each of the 
        matters described in paragraph (2).

         Subtitle G--Regional Conservation Partnership Program

SEC. 2701. ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSES.

    Section 1271(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3871(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (D) 
                as clauses (i) through (iv), respectively, and 
                indenting appropriately;
                    (B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so 
                redesignated)--
                            (i) by striking ``eligible activities to'' 
                        and inserting ``projects that''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``programs, as'' and 
                        inserting the following: ``programs:
                    ``(A) The following programs, as''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) The following programs, as in effect on the 
                day before the date of enactment of the Rural 
                Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024:
                            ``(i) The water bank program established 
                        under the Water Bank Act (16 U.S.C. 1301 et 
                        seq.).
                            ``(ii) The agricultural management 
                        assistance program established under section 
                        524(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 
                        U.S.C. 1524(b)).'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (5) as 
        paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively;
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) To encourage the reduction of greenhouse gases, and 
        the adaptation to and mitigation of climate change, through the 
        coordinated efforts of eligible partners, producers, and 
        Federal, State, local, and Tribal governments.'';
            (4) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by striking ``affect'' and inserting 
                        ``create conservation benefits across''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) implementing or establishing a soil health 
                plan or program of a State or Tribal government.'';
            (5) in paragraph (5) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``through partnership agreements'';
            (6) in paragraph (6) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking ``conservation projects to 
                achieve'' and inserting ``innovative methods of 
                conservation delivery that generate''; and
                    (B) by striking ``outcomes and''; and
            (7) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) To facilitate the conversion from concentrated animal 
        feeding operations to climate-friendly agricultural production 
        systems, including regenerative grazing, agroforestry, organic, 
        and diversified crop and livestock production systems.''.

SEC. 2702. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 1271A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871a) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (5), (6), and 
        (7) as paragraphs (2) through (6), (8), and (9), respectively;
            (2) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(1) Conservation benefit.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `conservation benefit' 
                means, with respect to an eligible activity, the 
                resulting--
                            ``(i) improvement of--
                                    ``(I) agricultural or nonindustrial 
                                forest land;
                                    ``(II) water, air, or soil quality;
                                    ``(III) water quantity; or
                                    ``(IV) the condition of habitat for 
                                fish or wildlife;
                            ``(ii) protection of agricultural or 
                        nonindustrial forest land; or
                            ``(iii) reduction in consumptive water use.
                    ``(B) Measurement.--A conservation benefit (as 
                defined in subparagraph (A)) may be measured or modeled 
                by an eligible partner for the purposes of reporting a 
                verifiable, quantifiable improvement in the natural 
                resource concern targeted by the applicable eligible 
                activity.'';
            (3) by striking paragraph (3) (as so redesignated) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(3) Eligible activity.--The term `eligible activity' 
        means--
                    ``(A) a practice, activity, agreement, easement, or 
                related conservation measure that is available under 
                the statutory authority for a covered program; and
                    ``(B) a practice, activity, agreement, easement, or 
                related conservation measure that--
                            ``(i) is consistent with the purposes of at 
                        least one covered program; and
                            ``(ii) proposes an innovative--
                                    ``(I) conservation approach;
                                    ``(II) method of conservation 
                                funding delivery; or
                                    ``(III) approach to leveraging the 
                                Federal investment.'';
            (4) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking ``The term'' and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The term''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Rule of construction.--The term `eligible 
                land' may include other spaces on which identified or 
                expected resource concerns related to agricultural 
                production could be addressed under the program, as 
                determined by the Secretary, such as urban agriculture 
                and other innovative production methods.'';
            (5) in paragraph (5) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``tribe'' and 
                inserting ``Tribe or Tribal organization'';
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (H);
                    (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (G) 
                as subparagraphs (E) through (H), respectively;
                    (D) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
                following:
                    ``(D) A Native Hawaiian organization.''; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(K) A not-for-profit conservation organization.
                    ``(L) An agricultural retailer (including an 
                agrichemical business and a farm retail outlet or 
                supplier).
                    ``(M) Any other entity that the Secretary 
                determines to be appropriate.''; and
            (6) by inserting after paragraph (6) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(7) Performance-based payments.--The term `performance-
        based payments' means payments to a producer by an eligible 
        partner under section 1271C(d) to purchase quantified and 
        verified conservation benefits.''.

SEC. 2703. REGIONAL CONSERVATION PARTNERSHIPS.

    Section 1271B of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) In general.--A partnership agreement shall be for a 
        period not to exceed 5 years, subject to renewal or 
        extension.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``not more than 
                one time'' after ``renewed under subsection (e)(5)'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``of a 
                partnership agreement'' and all that follows through 
                ``12 months,'' and inserting ``thereof, may each be 
                extended under subsection (e)(6) not more than 2 times 
                for a period of not longer than 24 months each,''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Effect on existing agreements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A partnership agreement entered 
                into on or after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 shall not 
                affect, modify, or interfere with any partnership 
                agreement in effect on the day before that date of 
                enactment.
                    ``(B) Modification of existing agreements.--To 
                implement the amendments made to this subsection by the 
                Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024--
                            ``(i) the signatories to a partnership 
                        agreement in effect on the day before the date 
                        of enactment of that Act may mutually agree to 
                        a modification of the length of, and options 
                        for renewals and extensions available for, that 
                        partnership agreement; and
                            ``(ii) the Secretary shall provide an 
                        opportunity for the signatories to a 
                        partnership agreement described in clause (i) 
                        to modify the partnership agreement pursuant to 
                        that clause without requiring the renegotiation 
                        of any other provision of the partnership 
                        agreement.'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``In general'' and inserting ``Mandatory 
                        duties''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (E)--
                                    (I) in clause (i), by striking 
                                ``each conservation benefit'' and all 
                                that follows through ``; and'' and 
                                inserting ``the conservation benefits 
                                of the partnership agreement;'';
                                    (II) by redesignating clause (ii) 
                                as clause (iii);
                                    (III) by inserting after clause (i) 
                                the following:
                            ``(ii) any barriers that prevented the 
                        project from achieving the conservation 
                        benefits of the partnership agreement; and''; 
                        and
                                    (IV) in clause (iii) (as so 
                                redesignated), by striking ``project'' 
                                and inserting ``project and lessons 
                                learned through the implementation of 
                                the project'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph 
                (3);
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Discretionary duties.--Under a partnership agreement, 
        the eligible partner may--
                    ``(A) provide technical and financial assistance to 
                producers to design, implement, and monitor eligible 
                activities on eligible land; and
                    ``(B) contract or establish sub-agreements or 
                grants for financial or technical assistance, including 
                performance-based payments, with producers or other 
                entities to carry out the project.''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) by striking subparagraph (A) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--
                            ``(i) Requirement.--An eligible partner 
                        shall provide a significant contribution 
                        towards the implementation of the project that 
                        is the subject of the agreement entered into 
                        under subsection (a), as determined by the 
                        Secretary.
                            ``(ii) Rule of construction.--
                        Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a 
                        contribution of an eligible partner under this 
                        paragraph may be used to meet matching or cost 
                        participation requirements under other Federal 
                        programs (other than Department of Agriculture 
                        programs) and non-Federal programs.''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) in clause (ii), by striking 
                                ``or'' at the end;
                                    (II) by redesignating clause (iii) 
                                as clause (iv);
                                    (III) by inserting after clause 
                                (ii) the following:
                            ``(iii) project financing that helps 
                        expedite project implementation; or''; and
                                    (IV) in clause (iv) (as so 
                                redesignated) by striking ``and in-kind 
                                support'' and inserting ``, in-kind 
                                support, or financing'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A) 
                through (C) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) finalizing the partnership agreement not 
                later than 180 days after the date on which the 
                Secretary announces the awarding of the partnership 
                agreement;
                    ``(B) finalizing renewal or extension agreements 
                not later than 120 days after the date of approval of 
                the renewal or extension;
                    ``(C) reimbursing eligible partners not later than 
                30 days after the date of submission of a complete 
                reimbursement request;
                    ``(D) in the case of a partnership agreement that 
                is funded through an alternative funding arrangement or 
                grant agreement under section 1271C(b), reimbursing 
                eligible partners not later than 30 days after the date 
                of a complete submission of receipts for the payments 
                made to producers by the eligible partner for carrying 
                out eligible activities;
                    ``(E) in the case of a project focused on 
                delivering eligible activities described in section 
                1271A(3)(B), identifying appropriate timelines to 
                finalize partnership agreements, renewals, and 
                extensions based on the innovative nature of the 
                eligible activities proposed for the project while 
                ensuring that review of agreements, renewals, and 
                extensions takes place as soon as practicable;
                    ``(F) providing payments to an eligible partner for 
                goods and services that support program implementation, 
                as identified by the Secretary; and
                    ``(G) in the case of a cost-share agreement with an 
                eligible entity (as defined in section 1265A) in an 
                approved project area, provide payments to the eligible 
                entity to assist with the purchase of an easement on 
                eligible land with a producer;'';
                    (B) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5);
                    (C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph 
                (4);
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) make covered program authorities, such as entity 
        certification under section 1265B(b)(5), available, but not 
        required, in the implementation of a partnership agreement;'';
                    (E) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``guidance'' and inserting ``guidance, 
                including suggested quantification models,''; and
                    (F) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) make funding available to not-for-profit entities and 
        land-grant colleges and universities (as defined in section 
        1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
        Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to make assessment 
        tools more broadly available to eligible partners; and
            ``(6) publish public-facing reports submitted by the 
        eligible partner under subsection (c)(1)(F) not later than 90 
        days after the date of expiration of the term of the 
        partnership agreement.'';
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking ``project's 
                objectives'' and inserting ``objectives, including the 
                conservation benefits, of the project'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) by striking subparagraphs (B), (C), and 
                        (E);
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D), 
                        (F), (G), and (H) as subparagraphs (B), (D), 
                        (E), and (F), respectively;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B) (as so 
                        redesignated), by inserting ``Tribal,'' after 
                        ``State,'';
                            (iv) by inserting after subparagraph (B) 
                        (as so redesignated) the following:
                    ``(C) demonstrate that a significant number of 
                historically underserved producers will benefit from 
                the project;'';
                            (v) in subparagraph (D) (as so 
                        redesignated), by striking ``area restoration 
                        plans'' and inserting ``area-wide plans''; and
                            (vi) in subparagraph (F) (as so 
                        redesignated), by inserting ``emerging'' before 
                        ``factors''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Extensions.--If the Secretary determines that a 
        project that is the subject of a partnership agreement has made 
        substantial progress towards meeting the objectives of the 
        project, the Secretary may extend the partnership agreement if 
        the 1 or more eligible partners that are parties to the 
        partnership agreement request the extension in order to 
        continue to implement the project under an extension of the 
        partnership agreement.
            ``(7) Nonexclusivity of renewals and extensions.--The 
        granting of an extension under paragraph (6) does not preclude 
        the subsequent granting of a renewal under paragraph (5), and 
        vice versa.'';
            (5) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (h); and
            (6) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
    ``(f) Amount.--
            ``(1) Limitation.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        Secretary shall not provide more than $25,000,000 under a 
        partnership agreement.
            ``(2) Renewals.--In the case of a partnership agreement 
        renewed under subsection (e)(5), the Secretary may provide not 
        more than an additional $25,000,000 under the partnership 
        agreement.
    ``(g) Enrollment in Other Conservation Programs.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), a producer 
        party to a contract entered into under this subtitle may--
                    ``(A) subject to section 1235(j), enroll the land 
                enrolled under the contract in the conservation reserve 
                program established under subchapter B of chapter 1 of 
                subtitle D;
                    ``(B) subject to section 1240B(d)(6), enroll the 
                land enrolled under the contract in the environmental 
                quality incentives program established under subchapter 
                A of chapter 4 of subtitle D; or
                    ``(C) both enroll land in accordance with 
                subparagraph (A) and receive a cost-share assistance in 
                accordance with subparagraph (B).
            ``(2) Limitation.--A producer shall not be eligible for 
        payments for practices on eligible land under the program if 
        the producer receives payments or other benefits for the same 
        practice on the same land under another program under this 
        title.''.

SEC. 2704. ASSISTANCE TO PRODUCERS.

    Section 1271C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871c) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by striking ``for a period of 5 
                years'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph 
                (5); and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Advance payments to producers.--
                    ``(A) In general.--On an election by a producer, 
                the Secretary may provide an advance payment for costs 
                related to purchasing materials or contracting 
                associated with implementing an eligible activity.
                    ``(B) Return of funds.--If the funds provided under 
                subparagraph (A) are not expended within 120 days, the 
                Secretary may--
                            ``(i) determine that the producer is in 
                        violation of the program contract; and
                            ``(ii) require the funds to be returned 
                        within a reasonable period, as determined by 
                        the Secretary.
            ``(4) Advance payments to eligible partners.--
                    ``(A) In general.--On an election by an eligible 
                partner, the Secretary may provide an advance payment 
                to the eligible partner related to project 
                implementation, as provided in the partnership 
                agreement, including an alternative funding arrangement 
                under subsection (d)(1).
                    ``(B) Timeframe.--If the funds provided under 
                subparagraph (A) are not expended within the period 
                specified in the partnership agreement, but not more 
                than 120 days, the Secretary shall not provide any 
                additional advance payment under that paragraph until 
                the eligible partner demonstrates the ability to expend 
                the funds within the applicable period.
                    ``(C) Return of funds.--The Secretary may determine 
                that an eligible partner is in violation of the 
                partnership agreement and require the funds to be 
                returned within a reasonable period, as determined by 
                the Secretary, if the eligible partner--
                            ``(i) fails to expend the funds within the 
                        applicable period; or
                            ``(ii) otherwise fails to manage any funds 
                        in accordance with the terms of the partnership 
                        agreement.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking subparagraph (B);
                            (ii) by striking ``shall--'' in the matter 
                        preceding subparagraph (A) and all that follows 
                        through ``under a'' in the matter preceding 
                        clause (i) of subparagraph (A) and inserting 
                        ``shall, under a'';
                            (iii) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) 
                        as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and 
                        indenting appropriately;
                            (iv) in subparagraph (A) (as so 
                        redesignated), by striking ``and'' at the end; 
                        and
                            (v) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) in the case of an agreement with an Indian 
                Tribe or a Tribal organization, provide an opportunity 
                for the Indian Tribe or Tribal organization to develop 
                with the Secretary projects that--
                            ``(i) address eligible resource concerns on 
                        Indian land; and
                            ``(ii) allow for flexibility in 
                        conservation implementation and 
                        administration.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)(A)(iii)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subclause (I), 
                        by striking ``in conservation with private 
                        financial mechanisms, in conjunction with 
                        agricultural production or forest resource 
                        management, such as'' and inserting ``, or 
                        innovative approaches to delivering 
                        conservation funding to producers, including'';
                            (ii) in subclause (I)--
                                    (I) by striking ``provision of'' 
                                and inserting ``use of innovative 
                                contracting or''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``and'' at the 
                                end;
                            (iii) in subclause (II)--
                                    (I) by striking ``support for'' and 
                                inserting ``supporting''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``or'' at the end 
                                and inserting ``and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(III) accelerating the adoption 
                                and use of agricultural or processing 
                                equipment by producers that achieve 
                                conservation benefits; and''.

SEC. 2705. FUNDING.

    Section 1271D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871d) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (a) through (d) and inserting 
        the following:
    ``(a) Allocation of Funding.--
            ``(1) In general.--Of the funds made available for the 
        program under section 1241(a)(6), the Secretary shall allocate, 
        to the extent practicable in order to maximize conservation 
        benefits--
                    ``(A) $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 
                through 2029 for projects focused on establishing 
                groundwater conservation easements that--
                            ``(i) are held by an eligible entity (as 
                        defined in section 1265A) participating in the 
                        partnership agreement; and
                            ``(ii) meet the criteria described in 
                        paragraph (2); and
                    ``(B) of the remaining funds, for fiscal year 2025 
                and each fiscal year thereafter--
                            ``(i) 46 percent to projects based on a 
                        State or multistate competitive process 
                        administered by the Secretary at the local 
                        level with the advice of the applicable State 
                        technical committees established under subtitle 
                        G;
                            ``(ii) 50 percent to projects for critical 
                        conservation areas designated under section 
                        1271F;
                            ``(iii) 3 percent to carry out activities 
                        described in section 1271B(d)(5); and
                            ``(iv) 1 percent to carry out activities 
                        described in subsection (d).
            ``(2) Groundwater conservation easement criteria.--The 
        criteria referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(ii) are the following:
                    ``(A) The terms of the groundwater conservation 
                easement shall contain terms that encumber and 
                sufficiently address the management, monitoring, and 
                enforcement of surface water uses and groundwater 
                rights and uses.
                    ``(B) The eligible partner shall--
                            ``(i) identify the applicable legal 
                        framework that would allow for a groundwater 
                        conservation easement to be established in the 
                        applicable jurisdiction;
                            ``(ii) outline the specific attributes of 
                        the proposed groundwater conservation easement;
                            ``(iii) identify the regulating 
                        organization that meters or monitors 
                        groundwater in the applicable jurisdiction; and
                            ``(iv) identify the proposed valuation 
                        methodology.
                    ``(C) The eligible partner shall provide a letter 
                of support from the applicable State Conservationist 
                and a letter of compatibility from the appropriate 
                State, local, and Tribal agencies responsible for 
                oversight of conservation easements and groundwater use 
                and regulation in the applicable jurisdiction.
    ``(b) Limitation on Administrative Expenses.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may provide to an eligible 
        partner a payment for indirect costs to cover administrative 
        expenses of the eligible partner under a partnership agreement.
            ``(2) Rate.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                rate of a payment for indirect costs under paragraph 
                (1) shall be--
                            ``(i) an indirect cost rate negotiated by 
                        the Secretary and the eligible partner, which 
                        shall not exceed 20 percent of the total 
                        project cost; or
                            ``(ii) if the eligible partner does not 
                        have a negotiated indirect cost rate described 
                        in subparagraph (A), 20 percent of the total 
                        project cost.
                    ``(B) Rate for certain projects.--In the case of a 
                partnership agreement that primarily serves 
                historically underserved producers, as determined by 
                the Secretary, the rate of a payment for indirect costs 
                under paragraph (1) may be up to 30 percent of the 
                total project cost.'';
            (2) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (c);
            (3) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--An eligible partner may provide 
        technical assistance to producers as needed to support project 
        planning and implementation for conservation benefits.
            ``(2) Limitations.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall limit costs 
                of the Secretary for technical assistance to costs 
                specific and necessary to carry out the objectives of 
                the program.
                    ``(B) Technical assistance by the secretary.--The 
                Secretary shall not use amounts provided under a 
                partnership agreement for technical assistance provided 
                by the Secretary without providing explicit 
                notification to the eligible partner.
                    ``(C) Technical assistance by eligible partners.--
                The Federal share of the cost of technical assistance 
                provided by an eligible partner shall be not more than 
                30 percent of the total cost of the project.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``pursuant to a 
                partnership agreement'' and inserting ``and producers 
                participating in the program''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Information Technology and Automated Programmatic Tools.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall ensure the timely 
        development and availability of integrated information 
        technology and automated programmatic tools to support program 
        implementation.
            ``(2) Program access.--Subject to section 1244(b) of this 
        Act and section 1619 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act 
        of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8791), the Secretary may develop protocols 
        for eligible partners to access automatic programmatic tools of 
        the Department of Agriculture in a manner that supports the 
        implementation of an approved project.''.

SEC. 2706. ADMINISTRATION.

    Section 1271E of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871e) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``2019, and every two'' and inserting ``2025, 
                and not less frequently than once every 2'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A) 
                and (B) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) the characteristics of ongoing projects;
                    ``(B) the progress made towards achieving the 
                conservation goals of completed projects and renewed 
                projects;
                    ``(C) any other related outcomes of completed 
                projects and renewed projects; and
                    ``(D) conservation benefits purchased through 
                performance-based payments and the per-unit prices of 
                those conservation benefits;'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``approximate'' 
                before ``number''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (5), by striking ``administered'' 
                in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and all that 
                follows through the end of subparagraph (C) and 
                inserting ``administered; and''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``The Secretary may not'' and inserting 
        ``Neither an eligible partner nor the Secretary may''.

SEC. 2707. CRITICAL CONSERVATION AREAS.

    Section 1271F of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871f ) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                inserting ``or substantially affecting'' after 
                ``located in''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``, including 
                restoration and enhancement of wildlife habitat 
                connectivity and wildlife migration corridors'' after 
                ``local level''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``In administering funds 
        under section 1271D(d)(2), the Secretary'' and inserting ``The 
        Secretary''.

                            TITLE III--TRADE

                     Subtitle A--Food for Peace Act

SEC. 3101. UNITED STATES POLICY.

    Section 2(1) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1691(1)) is 
amended by striking ``hunger and malnutrition'' and inserting ``hunger, 
malnutrition, child wasting,''.

SEC. 3102. PROVISION OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES.

    (a) In General.--Section 202 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 
1722) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``governments and public 
        or private agencies, including intergovernmental organizations 
        such as the World Food Program and other multilateral 
        organizations'' and inserting ``eligible organizations'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(1)--
                    (A) by striking ``agricultural commodities for 
                nonemergency assistance'' and inserting ``assistance, 
                including in the form of agricultural commodities, for 
                nonemergency purposes'';
                    (B) by striking ``(as described in subsection 
                (d))''; and
                    (C) by striking ``to use the commodities'';
            (3) by striking subsection (d);
            (4) by redesignating subsections (e) through (h) as 
        subsections (d) through (g), respectively;
            (5) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``Of the funds'' and all that 
                        follows through ``subsection (d),'' and 
                        inserting ``Using funds made available under 
                        this title, the Administrator may provide funds 
                        to eligible organizations''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``developmental'' and inserting ``resilience'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as 
                paragraphs (3) through (5), respectively;
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Agricultural commodities.--Using funds made available 
        under this title, the Administrator may--
                    ``(A) acquire and make available to eligible 
                organizations such agricultural commodities as are 
                necessary to carry out agreements under this title; and
                    ``(B) pay all associated and incidental costs of 
                those commodities, including--
                            ``(i) the cost of acquiring those 
                        commodities;
                            ``(ii) the costs associated with packaging, 
                        enrichment, preservation, and fortification of 
                        those commodities, including the costs of 
                        carrying out section 415 with respect to the 
                        commodities;
                            ``(iii) the cost of processing, milling, 
                        handling, storage, distribution, and program 
                        implementation to use the commodities; and
                            ``(iv) the cost of transportation to move 
                        the commodities from the United States to pre-
                        positioning sites, ports of entry abroad, and 
                        distribution sites within and between foreign 
                        countries, including ocean and inland freight 
                        charges, and the charges for general average 
                        contributions arising out of ocean 
                        transportation of those commodities.''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting 
                        ``or agricultural commodities'' after ``for 
                        funds'';
                            (ii) by inserting ``or agricultural 
                        commodities'' after ``To receive funds'';
                            (iii) by inserting ``or (2)'' after 
                        ``paragraph (1)''; and
                             (iv) by striking ``described in subsection 
                        (d)''; and
            (6) in paragraph (3) of subsection (g) (as so 
        redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking ``, for fiscal years 2014 through 
                2023''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``for each fiscal year'' after 
                ``may be used''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 205 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1725) 
        is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``hereinafter''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``described in section 
                        202(d)(1)''; and
                    (B) in subsection (d)(2), by striking ``202(h)'' 
                and inserting ``202(g)''.
            (2) Section 207(f)(4)(A) of the Food for Peace Act (7 
        U.S.C. 1726a(f)(4)(A)) is amended by striking ``202(h)(3)'' and 
        inserting ``202(g)(3)''.
            (3) Section 407(f)(2)(I) of the Food for Peace Act (7 
        U.S.C. 1736a(f)(2)(I)) is amended by striking ``section 
        202(e),'' and inserting ``sections 202(d),''.
            (4) Section 412(e)(2) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 
        1736f(e)(2)) is amended by striking ``202(e)(1)(C)'' and 
        inserting ``202(d)(1)(C)''.

SEC. 3103. LEVELS OF ASSISTANCE.

    Section 204 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1724) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(1) Minimum assistance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph 
                (2), the Administrator shall make agricultural 
                commodities available for food distribution under this 
                title for emergency assistance under section 202(a) for 
                each fiscal year in a quantity that results in the 
                amount described in subparagraph (B) being not less 
                than 40 percent of the funds made available through 
                annual appropriations in that fiscal year for this 
                title.
                    ``(B) Amount described.--The amount referred to in 
                subparagraph (A) is the sum obtained by adding--
                            ``(i) the value of the agricultural 
                        commodities made available pursuant to that 
                        subparagraph; and
                            ``(ii) the cost of ocean shipping for those 
                        agricultural commodities.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by striking the third sentence;
                            (ii) in the second sentence, by striking 
                        ``In making a waiver'' and all that follows 
                        through ``House of Representatives'' and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(C) Report.--If the Administrator provides a 
                waiver under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall 
                submit to the Committees on Agriculture, 
                Appropriations, and Foreign Affairs of the House of 
                Representatives''; and
                            (iii) by striking the paragraph designation 
                        and heading and all that follows through the 
                        period at the end of the first sentence and 
                        inserting the following:
            ``(2) Waiver.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                Administrator may waive the requirements of paragraph 
                (1) for any fiscal year if, after the beginning of the 
                applicable fiscal year, the Administrator determines 
                that--
                            ``(i) such quantities of commodities cannot 
                        be used effectively to carry out this title or 
                        in order to meet an emergency; or
                            ``(ii) the requirements of that paragraph 
                        cannot otherwise be met due to circumstances 
                        beyond the control of the Administrator.
                    ``(B) Subsequent year minimum assistance.--In the 
                first fiscal year beginning after the date on which a 
                waiver is provided under subparagraph (A), the 
                Administrator shall make agricultural commodities 
                available for food distribution under this title for 
                emergency assistance under section 202(a) in a quantity 
                that represents--
                            ``(i) the quantity of agricultural 
                        commodities needed to meet the requirement 
                        under paragraph (1)(A); and
                            ``(ii) the quantity of agricultural 
                        commodities covered by the waiver under 
                        subparagraph (A) for the preceding fiscal 
                        year.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``subsection (a)(2) 
        be'' and inserting ``subsection (a)(1) is''.

SEC. 3104. FOOD AID CONSULTATIVE GROUP.

    Section 205(f) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1725(f)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3105. ISSUANCE OF REGULATIONS.

    Section 207(c)(1) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726a(c)(1)) 
is amended, in the second sentence, by striking ``the enactment of the 
Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018'' and inserting ``enactment of the 
Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024''.

SEC. 3106. OVERSIGHT, MONITORING, AND EVALUATION.

    Section 207(f)(4) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726a(f)(4)) 
is amended, in subparagraphs (A) and (B)(i), by striking ``2023'' each 
place it appears and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3107. ASSISTANCE FOR STOCKPILING AND RAPID TRANSPORTATION, 
              DELIVERY, AND DISTRIBUTION OF SHELF-STABLE PREPACKAGED 
              FOODS.

    Section 208(f) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726b(f)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2024, and $15,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 3108. DEFINITIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 402 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 
1732) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``As 
        used in'' and inserting ``In'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in the second sentence, by striking 
                ``Effective'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Treatment.--Effective''; and
                    (B) in the first sentence--
                            (i) by striking ``and livestock as well 
                        as'' and inserting ``livestock, specialized 
                        nutrition products, and''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``The term'' and inserting 
                        the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The term'';
            (3) by striking paragraph (3);
            (4) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs 
        (3) and (4), respectively; and
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (4) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(5) Eligible organization.--The term `eligible 
        organization' means--
                    ``(A) a government of a foreign country;
                    ``(B) a private voluntary organization or 
                cooperative;
                    ``(C) an intergovernmental organization, such as 
                the World Food Program; and
                    ``(D) any other organization, as determined by the 
                Administrator.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 407(f)(1) of the Food for Peace 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1736a(f)(1)) is amended by striking ``appropriate 
committees of Congress'' and inserting ``Committee on Agriculture, 
Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committees on Agriculture 
and Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives''.

SEC. 3109. USE OF COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION.

    Section 406(b)(6) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736(b)(6)) 
is amended by striking ``in the case of commodities for urgent and 
extraordinary relief requirements (including pre-positioned 
commodities)''.

SEC. 3110. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 407 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 
1736a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(4)(A)--
                    (A) by striking ``for fiscal years 2001 through 
                2023'';
                    (B) by striking ``for each of fiscal years 2001 
                through 2013 not more than $10,000,000 of such funds 
                and''; and
                    (C) by striking ``of fiscal years 2014 through 
                2023'' and inserting ``fiscal year''; and
            (2) in subsection (f)(2), by adding at the end the 
        following:
                    ``(J) An assessment of activities specifically 
                targeting women and girls and the impact of those 
                activities in addressing the unique needs of women and 
                girls.''.
    (b) Clerical Correction.--
            (1) In general.--Section 216 of the Federal Agriculture 
        Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-127; 110 
        Stat. 957) is amended--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                inserting ``(as amended by section 1011(e) of Public 
                Law 104-66 (109 Stat. 709))'' after ``(7 U.S.C. 
                1736a)'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by striking ``(c)'' and inserting 
                ``(b)'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by striking ``(d)'' and inserting 
                ``(c)'';
                    (D) in paragraph (4), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by striking ``(g)(2)'' and inserting 
                ``(f)(2)''; and
                    (E) in paragraph (5), by striking ``(h)'' and 
                inserting ``(g)''.
            (2) Effective date.--The amendments made by paragraph (1) 
        shall take effect as if enacted in the Federal Agriculture 
        Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-127; 110 
        Stat. 888).

SEC. 3111. DEADLINE FOR AGREEMENTS TO FINANCE SALES OR TO PROVIDE OTHER 
              ASSISTANCE.

    Section 408 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736b) is amended 
by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3112. FUNDS FOR EMERGENCY AND NONEMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE.

    Section 412(e)(1) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736f(e)(1)) 
is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023, not less than 
$365,000,000'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029, not less than 18 
percent''.

SEC. 3113. MICRONUTRIENT FORTIFICATION PROGRAMS.

    Section 415(c) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736g-2(c)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3114. JOHN OGONOWSKI AND DOUG BEREUTER FARMER-TO-FARMER PROGRAM.

    Section 501 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1737) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(2)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``18'' and inserting ``(18)''; and
                    (B) in clause (viii) of subparagraph (A), by adding 
                a semicolon at the end;
            (2) in subsection (d), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029'';
            (3) in subsection (e)(1), in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; 
        and
            (4) in subsection (f)(1), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3115. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

    (a) Food for Peace Act.--Section 414(b) of the Food for Peace Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1736g-1(b)) is amended by striking ``(as defined'' and all 
that follows through ``1961)'' and inserting ``(as defined in section 
481(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291(e)))''.
    (b) President's Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1984.--Section 
303(c) of the President's Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1984 (7 
U.S.C. 1728a(c)) is amended by striking ``expanded'' and inserting 
``expended''.

               Subtitle B--Agricultural Trade Act of 1978

SEC. 3201. PRESERVING FOREIGN MARKETS FOR GOODS USING COMMON NAMES.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 
(7 U.S.C. 5602) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``As 
        used in this Act--'' and inserting ``In this Act:'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (8) as 
        paragraphs (3), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), and (4), respectively, 
        and moving the paragraphs so as to appear in numerical order;
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Common name.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `common name' means a 
                name that, as determined by the Secretary--
                            ``(i) is ordinarily or customarily used for 
                        an agricultural commodity or food product;
                            ``(ii) is typically placed on the packaging 
                        and product label of the agricultural commodity 
                        or food product;
                            ``(iii) with respect to wine--
                                    ``(I) is--
                                            ``(aa) ordinarily or 
                                        customarily used for a wine 
                                        grape varietal name; or
                                            ``(bb) a traditional term 
                                        or expression that is typically 
                                        placed on the packaging and 
                                        label of the wine; and
                                    ``(II) does not mean any 
                                appellation of origin for wine listed 
                                in subpart C of part 9 of title 27, 
                                Code of Federal Regulations (or 
                                successor regulations); and
                            ``(iv) the use of which is consistent with 
                        standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission.
                    ``(B) Considerations.--In making a determination 
                under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may take into 
                account--
                            ``(i) competent sources, such as 
                        dictionaries, newspapers, professional journals 
                        and literature, and information posted on 
                        websites that are determined by the Secretary 
                        to be reliable in reporting market information;
                            ``(ii) the use of the common name in a 
                        domestic, regional, or international product 
                        standard, including a standard promulgated by 
                        the Codex Alimentarius Commission, for the 
                        agricultural commodity or food product; and
                            ``(iii) the ordinary and customary use of 
                        the common name in the production or marketing 
                        of the agricultural commodity or food product 
                        in the United States or in other countries.'';
            (4) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated), in subparagraph 
        (A)--
                    (A) in clause (v), by striking ``or'' at the end;
                    (B) in clause (vi), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(vii) prohibits or disallows the use of 
                        the common name of an agricultural commodity or 
                        food product of the United States.''; and
            (5) in paragraph (9) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by redesignating clauses 
                (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, 
                and indenting appropriately;
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
                clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting 
                appropriately;
                    (C) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so 
                redesignated), by striking ``The term'' and inserting 
                the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The term''; and
                    (D) in the undesignated matter at the end, by 
                striking ``For purposes'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Inclusion.--For purposes''.
    (b) Negotiations To Defend Use of Common Names.--Title III of the 
Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5652 et seq.) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 303. NEGOTIATIONS TO DEFEND USE OF COMMON NAMES.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall coordinate efforts with the 
United States Trade Representative to secure the right of United States 
agricultural producers, processors, and exporters to use common names 
for agricultural commodities or food products in foreign markets 
through the negotiation of bilateral, plurilateral, or multilateral 
agreements, memoranda of understanding, or exchanges of letters that 
assure the current and future use of each common name identified by the 
Secretary in connection with United States agricultural commodities or 
food products.
    ``(b) Report.--The Secretary and the United States Trade 
Representative shall submit to Congress a report every 2 years 
regarding efforts and successes in carrying out subsection (a).''.

SEC. 3202. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO IMPROVE INFRASTRUCTURE IN FOREIGN 
              MARKETS FOR UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES.

    Section 203(c) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 
5623(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Technical assistance to improve infrastructure in 
        foreign markets for united states agricultural commodities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--As part of the program 
                established under this subsection, the Secretary shall 
                enter into contracts or other agreements with eligible 
                trade organizations to provide needs assessment, 
                training, and other technical assistance--
                            ``(i) to enhance the capabilities of 
                        infrastructure in new and developing foreign 
                        markets, including infrastructure relating to 
                        cold chain capacity, port improvements, and 
                        other developments; and
                            ``(ii) to ensure United States agricultural 
                        commodities are not damaged or lost due to 
                        deficiencies in the infrastructure described in 
                        clause (i).
                    ``(B) Authorization of appropriations.--
                            ``(i) In general.--There is authorized to 
                        be appropriated to carry out this paragraph 
                        $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 
                        through 2029.
                            ``(ii) Rule of construction.--Except as 
                        provided in clause (iii), amounts authorized to 
                        be appropriated under this subparagraph may be 
                        used only to carry out subparagraph (A).
                            ``(iii) Availability.--If the Secretary 
                        determines that the total amount made available 
                        pursuant to this subparagraph for a fiscal year 
                        is not necessary to carry out subparagraph (A), 
                        any excess amounts may be used to carry out the 
                        program established under this subsection.''.

SEC. 3203. REPORT ON COMPETITIVENESS OF UNITED STATES EXPORTS OF 
              SPECIALTY CROPS.

    Section 203(e) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 
5623(e)) is amended by striking paragraph (7) and inserting the 
following:
            ``(7) Annual report.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Each year, the Secretary, in 
                consultation with the United States Trade 
                Representative, shall submit to the appropriate 
                committees of Congress a report detailing the 
                competitiveness of United States exports of specialty 
                crops.
                    ``(B) Elements.--The report required by 
                subparagraph (A) shall--
                            ``(i) identify and analyze acts, policies, 
                        or practices of foreign countries that 
                        constitute significant barriers to, or 
                        distortions of United States exports of 
                        specialty crops, including the imposition of--
                                    ``(I) tariffs (including 
                                retaliatory tariffs) and quotas 
                                (including tariff-rate quotas); and
                                    ``(II) nontariff barriers, 
                                including technical barriers to trade, 
                                sanitary and phytosanitary measures, 
                                import licensing procedures, and 
                                subsidies;
                            ``(ii) in conjunction with the United 
                        States International Trade Commission, make an 
                        estimate of--
                                    ``(I) the impacts on the 
                                competitiveness of United States 
                                exports of specialty crops of any act, 
                                policy, or practice identified under 
                                clause (i); and
                                    ``(II) if feasible, the value of 
                                additional specialty crops that would, 
                                during the year preceding submission of 
                                the report, have been exported from the 
                                United States to each foreign country 
                                an act, policy, or practice of which is 
                                identified under clause (i) if each 
                                such act, policy, or practice of that 
                                country did not exist;
                            ``(iii) assess the extent to which each 
                        act, policy, or practice identified under 
                        clause (i) is subject to international 
                        agreements to which the United States is a 
                        party;
                            ``(iv) include information with respect to 
                        any action taken by the executive branch during 
                        the year preceding submission of the report, or 
                        expected to be taken after submission of the 
                        report, to eliminate any act, policy, or 
                        practice identified under clause (i), 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) any action under section 301;
                                    ``(II) negotiations or 
                                consultations with foreign governments, 
                                which may include engagement through 
                                the standing committee on sanitary and 
                                phytosanitary matters established under 
                                a free trade agreement to which the 
                                United States is a party; and
                                    ``(III) action at the World Trade 
                                Organization, including dispute 
                                settlement actions, consultations, or 
                                negotiations; and
                            ``(v) a description of--
                                    ``(I) any funds provided under 
                                subsection (f)(3)(A)(iv) that were not 
                                obligated in the fiscal year preceding 
                                submission of the report; and
                                    ``(II) the reason such funds were 
                                not obligated.
                    ``(C) Comment period.--The Secretary, in 
                coordination with the United States Trade 
                Representative, shall--
                            ``(i) before preparing the report required 
                        by subparagraph (A), seek comment from the 
                        public and the Agricultural Technical Advisory 
                        Committee for Trade in Fruits and Vegetables; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) take such comments into account in 
                        preparing the report.
                    ``(D) Form of report.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The report required by 
                        subparagraph (A) shall be submitted in 
                        unclassified form, but may include a classified 
                        annex.
                            ``(ii) Public availability.--The 
                        unclassified portion of the report required by 
                        subparagraph (A) shall be made available to the 
                        public in machine readable format.''.

SEC. 3204. AGRICULTURAL TRADE PROMOTION AND FACILITATION.

    Section 203(f) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 
5623(f)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by striking ``For each of fiscal years 2019 
                through 2023, of'' and inserting ``Of''; and
                    (B) by striking ``section'' and all that follows 
                through the period at the end and inserting the 
                following: ``section, to remain available until 
                expended--
                    ``(A) for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2027, 
                $255,000,000; and
                    ``(B) for each of fiscal years 2028 and 2029, 
                $495,500,000.'';
            (2) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in the subparagraph heading, by 
                        striking ``In general'' and inserting ``Fiscal 
                        years 2019 through 2027''; and
                            (ii) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2027'';
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as 
                subparagraph (C);
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the 
                following:
                    ``(B) Fiscal years 2028 and 2029.--For each of 
                fiscal years 2028 and 2029, the Secretary shall 
                allocate funds to carry out this section in accordance 
                with the following:
                            ``(i) Market access program.--For market 
                        access activities authorized under subsection 
                        (b), of the funds of, or an equal value of 
                        commodities owned by, the Commodity Credit 
                        Corporation, not less than $400,000,000 for 
                        each fiscal year.
                            ``(ii) Foreign market development 
                        cooperator program.--To carry out subsection 
                        (c), of the funds of, or an equal value of 
                        commodities owned by, the Commodity Credit 
                        Corporation, not less than $69,000,000 for each 
                        fiscal year.
                            ``(iii) E (kika) de la garza emerging 
                        markets program.--To provide assistance under 
                        subsection (d), of the funds of, or an equal 
                        value of commodities owned by, the Commodity 
                        Credit Corporation, not more than $8,000,000 
                        for each fiscal year.
                            ``(iv) Technical assistance for specialty 
                        crops.--To carry out subsection (e), of the 
                        funds of, or an equal value of the commodities 
                        owned by, the Commodity Credit Corporation, 
                        $15,000,000 for each fiscal year.
                            ``(v) Priority trade fund.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--In addition to 
                                the amounts allocated under clauses (i) 
                                through (iv), and notwithstanding any 
                                limitations in those clauses, as 
                                determined by the Secretary, for 1 or 
                                more programs under this section for 
                                authorized activities to access, 
                                develop, maintain, and expand markets 
                                for United States agricultural 
                                commodities, $3,500,000 for each fiscal 
                                year.
                                    ``(II) Considerations.--In 
                                allocating funds made available under 
                                subclause (I), the Secretary may 
                                consider providing a greater allocation 
                                to 1 or more programs under this 
                                section for which the amounts requested 
                                under applications exceed the funding 
                                for 1 or more programs.''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (C) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) in the first sentence--
                                    (I) by inserting ``or (B)'' after 
                                ``of subparagraph (A)''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``subparagraph 
                                (A)(v)'' and inserting ``clause (v) of 
                                subparagraph (A) or (B), as 
                                applicable''; and
                            (ii) in the second sentence, by inserting 
                        ``or (B), as applicable'' before the period at 
                        the end; and
            (3) in paragraph (4), by striking the second sentence.

SEC. 3205. INTERAGENCY SEASONAL AND PERISHABLE FRUITS AND VEGETABLE 
              WORKING GROUP.

    Subtitle B of title IV of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 
U.S.C. 5671 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 418. INTERAGENCY SEASONAL AND PERISHABLE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 
              WORKING GROUP.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Under 
Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs, 
the United States Trade Representative, the Secretary of Commerce, and 
the heads of other Federal agencies or entities, as determined to be 
appropriate by the Secretary, shall jointly establish an interagency 
working group (referred to in this section as the `working group') 
composed of representatives from each agency to monitor and assess, on 
an ongoing basis, seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables trade 
data and related information.
    ``(b) Trade Actions and Investigations.--The working group shall 
coordinate as appropriate regarding potential additional trade actions 
and investigations with respect to any seasonal or perishable 
agricultural products, as determined to be advisable by the working 
group.
    ``(c) Consultation.--The working group shall consult with the 
Agricultural Trade Advisory Committee, relevant seasonal or perishable 
agricultural producers, and other relevant trade associations to 
identify threats that imports pose to domestic producers of seasonal 
and perishable fruits and vegetables.
    ``(d) Recommendations to Secretary.--The working group shall 
recommend programs or assistance that the Secretary could provide to 
producers of seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables to address 
market impacts.''.

               Subtitle C--Other Agricultural Trade Laws

SEC. 3301. FOOD FOR PROGRESS ACT OF 1985.

    The Food for Progress Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1736o) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(3) Commodities to prevent waste.--Unless authorized in 
        advance in appropriation Acts, no funds of the Corporation may 
        be used to carry out this section with respect to eligible 
        commodities made available under section 416(b) of the 
        Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1431(b)) in excess of 
        (exclusive of the cost of eligible commodities)--
                    ``(A) $40,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 and 
                2024;
                    ``(B) $52,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                    ``(C) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(D) $58,000,000 for fiscal years 2027;
                    ``(E) $61,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
                    ``(F) $64,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking ``eligible 
                eligible commodities'' and inserting ``eligible 
                commodities'';
            (2) in subsection (g), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029'';
            (3) in subsection (j), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Prohibition.--The Secretary shall not enter into any 
        agreement pursuant to this section under which more than 50 
        percent of the amounts made available to carry out the program 
        for a fiscal year are awarded to a single entity.'';
            (4) in subsection (k), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029'';
            (5) in subsection (l)(1), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''; and
            (6) in subsection (p)--
                    (A) in paragraphs (1) and (3), by striking ``2023'' 
                each place it appears and inserting ``2029''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2024'' and 
                inserting ``2030''.

SEC. 3302. BILL EMERSON HUMANITARIAN TRUST ACT.

    Section 302 of the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act (7 U.S.C. 
1736f-1) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by adding ``and'' after 
                the semicolon at the end; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``; and'' at 
                the end and inserting a period; and
            (2) in subsection (e), by striking ``shall not be--'' in 
        the matter preceding paragraph (1) and all that follows through 
        the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting the 
        following: ``shall not be considered to be a part of the total 
        domestic supply (including carryover) for the purpose of--
            ``(1) subsection (c); or
            ``(2) administering the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1691 
        et seq.).''.

SEC. 3303. PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO EMERGING MARKETS.

    Section 1542(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5622 note; Public Law 101-624) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3304. GROWING AMERICAN FOOD EXPORTS.

    Section 1543A(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5679(d)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3305. INTERNATIONAL FOOD SECURITY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

    Section 1543B(f) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 1736dd(f)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3306. MCGOVERN-DOLE INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION AND CHILD 
              NUTRITION PROGRAM.

    Section 3107 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 1736o-1) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (f)(2)(C), by striking ``indigenous 
        institutions as well as local'' and inserting ``indigenous 
        institutions, women-led and women-owned organizations, and 
        local''; and
            (2) in subsection (l)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``not more than 
                10 percent'' and inserting ``not less than 10 percent, 
                but not more than 20 percent,''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Capacity-building activities.--Of the amounts 
        described in paragraph (4), the Secretary may provide funds for 
        capacity-building activities to support the purchase of 
        agricultural commodities described in subsection (a)(2)(A).''.

SEC. 3307. GLOBAL CROP DIVERSITY TRUST.

    Section 3202 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (22 
U.S.C. 2220a note; Public Law 110-246) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 3308. LOCAL AND REGIONAL FOOD AID PROCUREMENT PROJECTS.

    Section 3206(e)(1) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 
2008 (7 U.S.C. 1726c(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3309. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.

    Section 3307(g)(1) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 
U.S.C. 3295(g)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

                          TITLE IV--NUTRITION

         Subtitle A--Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

SEC. 4101. ENSURING TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN THRIFTY FOOD 
              PLAN.

    (a) In General.--Section 3(u) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 2012(u)) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by inserting after the second sentence the following: ``Those re-
evaluations shall include an external peer review process and be 
submitted to Congress and the Comptroller General of the United States 
in accordance with section 801 of title 5, United States Code. To the 
extent legally allowable, the computer code and data used for the re-
evaluations to generate the market baskets shall be made publicly 
available.''.
    (b) Hawaii.--
            (1) Interim final rule.--Notwithstanding section 
        273.10(e)(4)(i) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in 
        effect on the date of enactment of this Act), not later than 
        January 1, 2025, the Secretary shall promulgate an interim 
        final rule to use food price data throughout the State of 
        Hawaii to calculate the cost of the thrifty food plan (as 
        defined in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
        U.S.C. 2012)) for that State.
            (2) Cost adjustment.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B), on October 1, 2025, and on October 1 of each 
                fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall apply the 
                cost estimate for the thrifty food plan (as defined in 
                section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
                U.S.C. 2012)) for the State of Hawaii pursuant to the 
                interim final rule promulgated under paragraph (1).
                    (B) Exception for fiscal years 2026 through 2030.--
                For each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030, the 
                Secretary may not apply the cost estimate described in 
                subparagraph (A) if that application would result in 
                the cost of the diet under the thrifty food plan (as so 
                defined) being below the amount of the cost of that 
                diet as calculated using the method of calculating the 
                cost of the diet under the thrifty food plan for the 
                State of Hawaii for each of fiscal years 2024 and 2025.

SEC. 4102. FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM ON INDIAN RESERVATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 4(b) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 2013(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraph (C) and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(C) Participation in snap.--Any household 
                eligible to participate or participating in the program 
                established under this subsection may simultaneously 
                participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance 
                program.'';
            (2) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) by striking subparagraphs (B) through (D); and
                    (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking the 
                designation and heading and all that follows through 
                ``80 percent'' and inserting the following: ``The 
                Secretary shall pay 100 percent'';
            (3) in paragraph (6)(E), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) Tribal procurement.--
                    ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) Eligible tribal organization.--The 
                        term `eligible Tribal organization' means a 
                        Tribal organization that meets the requirements 
                        for a participating Tribal organization under 
                        clause (ii), except that the Tribal 
                        organization does not satisfy the requirement 
                        described in subclause (II) of that clause.
                            ``(ii) Participating tribal organization.--
                        The term `participating Tribal organization' 
                        means a Tribal organization that--
                                    ``(I) is successfully administering 
                                the food distribution program of the 
                                Tribal organization established under 
                                this subsection;
                                    ``(II) has entered into a self-
                                determination contract to procure 
                                agricultural commodities for 
                                distribution under that food 
                                distribution program for not less than 
                                12 months of distribution across the 
                                contract period;
                                    ``(III) has the capacity to 
                                purchase agricultural commodities in 
                                accordance with subparagraph (C); and
                                    ``(IV) meets any other criteria 
                                determined by the Secretary, in 
                                consultation with Indian tribes.
                            ``(iii) Self-determination contract.--The 
                        term `self-determination contract' means a 
                        self-determination contract (as defined in 
                        section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and 
                        Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)) as 
                        implemented under the demonstration project 
                        established under section 4003(b) of the 
                        Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 
                        2013 note; Public Law 115-334), with 
                        modifications as determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Tribal commodity purchases.--The Secretary 
                shall--
                            ``(i) subject to the availability of 
                        appropriations under subparagraph (E)(i), enter 
                        into self-determination contracts with eligible 
                        Tribal organizations to allow those eligible 
                        Tribal organizations to directly purchase 
                        agricultural commodities for distribution under 
                        the food distribution program of the eligible 
                        Tribal organization established under this 
                        subsection; and
                            ``(ii) subject to the availability of 
                        appropriations under subparagraph (E)(ii), 
                        enter into self-determination contracts with 
                        participating Tribal organizations to allow 
                        those participating Tribal organizations to 
                        directly purchase agricultural commodities for 
                        distribution under the food distribution 
                        program of the participating Tribal 
                        organization established under this subsection.
                    ``(C) Procurement requirements.--Any agricultural 
                commodity purchased by a Tribal organization under a 
                self-determination contract entered into under 
                subparagraph (B)--
                            ``(i) shall be domestically produced;
                            ``(ii) shall supplant, not supplement, the 
                        types of agricultural commodities in existing 
                        food packages for that Tribal organization;
                            ``(iii) shall be--
                                    ``(I) of a similar or higher 
                                nutritional value as the types of 
                                agricultural commodities that would be 
                                supplanted in the existing food package 
                                of the Tribal organization; or
                                    ``(II) an agricultural commodity 
                                with Tribal significance to that Indian 
                                Tribe;
                            ``(iv) shall not result in a material 
                        increase in the total amount of food in the 
                        food package of that Tribal organization, as 
                        compared to the amount of food authorized under 
                        the monthly distribution guide rates 
                        established by the Food and Nutrition Service; 
                        and
                            ``(v) shall meet any other criteria 
                        determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(D) Public availability.--The Secretary shall 
                make publicly available on the website of the 
                Department of Agriculture a list of each Tribal 
                organization purchasing agricultural commodities in 
                accordance with a self-determination contract entered 
                into under subparagraph (B).
                    ``(E) Funding.--
                            ``(i) Authorization of appropriations for 
                        eligible tribal organizations.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--There is 
                                authorized to be appropriated to the 
                                Secretary $10,000,000 for each fiscal 
                                year, to remain available until 
                                expended, to enter into self-
                                determination contracts under 
                                subparagraph (B)(i) with eligible 
                                Tribal organizations.
                                    ``(II) Appropriations in advance.--
                                Only funds appropriated pursuant to 
                                subclause (I) in advance specifically 
                                to the Secretary to enter into self-
                                determination contracts under 
                                subparagraph (B)(i) with eligible 
                                Tribal organizations shall be available 
                                for that purpose.
                                    ``(III) Option.--If any funds 
                                described in subclause (II) are 
                                remaining in a fiscal year after 
                                requests to enter into self-
                                determination contracts from eligible 
                                Tribal organizations for that fiscal 
                                year have been met, the Secretary may 
                                use those remaining funds to enter into 
                                self-determination contracts under 
                                subparagraph (B)(ii) with participating 
                                Tribal organizations.
                            ``(ii) Funding for participating tribal 
                        organizations.--Of the funds made available 
                        under section 18(a), not more than $20,000,000 
                        shall be made available to the Secretary for 
                        each fiscal year, to remain available for 2 
                        fiscal years, to enter into self-determination 
                        contracts under subparagraph (B)(ii) with 
                        participating Tribal organizations.
                    ``(F) Limitation.--Notwithstanding any provision of 
                the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
                Act (25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.), the Secretary shall not 
                be liable, or use any amounts made available under 
                subparagraph (E)(i) or section 18(a) for purposes of 
                carrying out this paragraph, for contract support costs 
                or other costs not expressly authorized in this 
                paragraph.
            ``(9) Emergencies and disasters.--
                    ``(A) Definition of emergency period.--In this 
                paragraph, the term `emergency period' means a period 
                during which there exists--
                            ``(i) a public health emergency declared by 
                        the Secretary of Health and Human Services 
                        under section 319 of the Public Health Service 
                        Act (42 U.S.C. 247d) or a renewal of such a 
                        public health emergency declaration;
                            ``(ii) a major disaster declared by the 
                        President under section 401 of the Robert T. 
                        Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
                        Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170); or
                            ``(iii) an emergency declared by the 
                        President under section 501 of that Act (42 
                        U.S.C. 5191).
                    ``(B) Modification or waiver.--Notwithstanding any 
                other provision of this subsection, during an emergency 
                period, the Secretary may modify or waive any 
                regulatory requirement promulgated pursuant to this 
                section for a Tribal organization or State agency 
                administering the program under this section if--
                            ``(i) the regulatory requirement cannot be 
                        met by the Tribal organization or State agency 
                        during any portion of the emergency period 
                        under the conditions that prompted the 
                        emergency period; and
                            ``(ii) the modification or waiver of such a 
                        requirement is necessary to provide assistance 
                        to that Tribal organization or State agency 
                        under this subsection.
                    ``(C) Duration.--A modification or waiver made 
                under subparagraph (B) may be available for not more 
                than 2 calendar months after the end of the applicable 
                emergency period.''.
    (b) Research, Demonstration, and Evaluations.--Section 17(a)(1) of 
the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2026(a)(1)) is amended in 
the first sentence by striking ``program'' and inserting ``program, the 
food distribution program on Indian Reservations carried out under 
section 4(b), and the emergency food assistance program established 
under the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7501 et 
seq.)''.
    (c) Demonstration Project for Tribal Organizations Termination.--
Section 4003(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 
2013 note; Public Law 115-334) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
            ``(7) Termination of authority.--The demonstration project 
        under this subsection shall terminate on the date on which the 
        Secretary certifies that paragraph (8) of section 4(b) of the 
        Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b)) has been 
        implemented.''.

SEC. 4103. INCOME EXCLUSION FOR MILITARY BASIC ALLOWANCE FOR HOUSING.

    Section 5(d) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2014(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (18), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (19)(B), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(20) the value of an allowance received under section 403 
        of title 37, United States Code.''.

SEC. 4104. SNAP MATERIALS FOR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS.

    Section 5 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(o) Training Materials for Health Care Professionals.--
            ``(1) Definition of health care professional.--In this 
        subsection, the term `health care professional' means an 
        individual who is licensed, registered, or certified under 
        Federal or State law to provide health care services.
            ``(2) Training materials.--The Secretary, in coordination 
        with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall--
                    ``(A) develop and make available materials designed 
                to train health care professionals to inform their 
                patients about the availability of benefits under the 
                supplemental nutrition assistance program and other 
                nutrition assistance programs administered by the 
                Secretary; and
                    ``(B) perform outreach to hospitals, universities, 
                nursing associations, and similar entities to ensure 
                that health care professionals have access to those 
                materials and are informed about the supplemental 
                nutrition assistance program and other nutrition 
                assistance programs administered by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 4105. COLLEGE STUDENTS.

    (a) College Students.--Section 6(e) of the Food and Nutrition Act 
of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (7), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) is 24 years of age or younger and was in foster care 
        under the responsibility of a State on the date of attaining 18 
        years of age or such higher age as the State has elected under 
        section 475(8)(B)(iii) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
        675(8)(B)(iii)).''.
    (b) Ensuring Coordination.--Section 11 of the Food and Nutrition 
Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2020) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(y) Coordination To Support SNAP Access to College Students.--
            ``(1) Guidance and other materials.--The Secretary, in 
        consultation with the Secretary of Education, shall issue--
                    ``(A) clear, understandable, and easy-to-use 
                guidance on eligibility for the supplemental nutrition 
                assistance program for students at institutions of 
                higher education;
                    ``(B) a template for institutions of higher 
                education to use to provide students with local food 
                assistance information, including contact information 
                for--
                            ``(i) the appropriate State agency 
                        administering the supplemental nutrition 
                        assistance program;
                            ``(ii) local and campus food pantries; and
                            ``(iii) any other local food assistance 
                        facilities and services available to students 
                        enrolled in the institution of higher 
                        education; and
                    ``(C) any other information or material, as 
                determined by the Secretary, that would assist 
                institutions of higher education with ensuring that 
                students who are likely to be eligible for benefits 
                under the supplemental nutrition assistance program 
                have access to--
                            ``(i) those benefits; and
                            ``(ii) available food assistance facilities 
                        and services.
            ``(2) Dissemination.--The Secretary shall coordinate with 
        the Secretary of Education--
                    ``(A) to disseminate, not less frequently than 
                annually, the guidance and other materials described in 
                paragraph (1) to, as applicable--
                            ``(i) institutions of higher education; and
                            ``(ii) low-income students and other 
                        students at risk of experiencing food 
                        insecurity, as determined by the Secretary, at 
                        institutions of higher education, including 
                        students who--
                                    ``(I) are eligible to participate 
                                in a State or federally financed work 
                                study program during the regular school 
                                year, as determined by the institution 
                                of higher education; or
                                    ``(II) for the current academic 
                                year, have an expected family 
                                contribution or student aid index of $0 
                                or less, as determined in accordance 
                                with part F of title IV of the Higher 
                                Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087kk 
                                et seq.); and
                    ``(B) to make the guidance and other materials 
                described in paragraph (1) publicly available on the 
                websites of the Department of Agriculture and the 
                Department of Education.''.

SEC. 4106. IMPROVEMENTS TO SNAP EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING.

    (a) Exclusions From Income.--
            (1) In general.--Section 5 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 
        2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (d) (as amended by section 
                4103)--
                            (i) in paragraph (19)(B), by striking 
                        ``and'' after the semicolon at the end;
                            (ii) in paragraph (20), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(21) any payment, income, allowance, or earnings made to 
        household members provided under--
                    ``(A) any work program (as defined in section 
                6(o)(1));
                    ``(B) any employment and training program;
                    ``(C) any vocational rehabilitation program (as 
                defined in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and 
                Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102)); and
                    ``(D) any refugee employment and training program 
                established under section 412(c) of the Immigration and 
                Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1522(c)).'';
                    (B) in subsection (g), by adding at the end the 
                following:
            ``(9) Time-limited exclusion for certain employment and 
        training programs.--The Secretary shall exclude from financial 
        resources under this subsection any payment, income, allowance, 
        or earnings described in subsection (d)(21) received by any 
        member of a household for the month of receipt, and each of the 
        11 months beginning after the month of receipt, if that member 
        was participating in the supplemental nutrition assistance 
        program at the time the payment, income, allowance, or earning 
        was received.'';
                    (C) by striking subsection (l); and
                    (D) by redesignating subsections (m), (n), and (o) 
                (as added by section 4104) as subsections (l), (m), and 
                (n), respectively.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 6(s)(2) of the Food and 
        Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(s)(2)) is amended by 
        striking ``(l), (m), and (n)'' and inserting ``(l), and (m)''.
    (b) Employment and Training.--Section 6 of the Food and Nutrition 
Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)(4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B)(i)--
                            (i) in subclause (VII), by striking ``90'' 
                        and inserting ``180''; and
                            (ii) by striking subclause (VIII) and 
                        inserting the following:
                                    ``(VIII) Programs and activities 
                                with demonstrated effectiveness in 
                                increasing skills and improving the 
                                ability of participants to find and 
                                retain employment that leads to 
                                increased household income, as 
                                determined by the Secretary.'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (I)(i)(I), by inserting 
                ``addressing barriers to'' after ``directly related 
                to'';
                    (C) by striking subparagraph (L) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(L) State agency requirement.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                        ensure that each State agency complies with--
                                    ``(I) the requirements of this 
                                paragraph and section 11(e)(19); and
                                    ``(II) the plan of the State agency 
                                developed pursuant to that section.
                            ``(ii) Certification.--The chief executive 
                        officer of a State, in coordination with the 
                        State agency, shall annually submit to the 
                        Secretary the following information:
                                    ``(I) A statement certifying that 
                                the State has cooperated with the 
                                Secretary to ensure the compliance 
                                described in clause (i).
                                    ``(II) The total number of 
                                participants served by the employment 
                                and training program of the State under 
                                this paragraph in the prior fiscal 
                                year.
                                    ``(III) The total amount of Federal 
                                and State funding expended on the 
                                employment and training program of the 
                                State under this paragraph, including 
                                the total amount of payments and 
                                reimbursements made under subparagraph 
                                (I), in the prior fiscal year.'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (M), by striking ``title I of 
                the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act'' and 
                inserting ``the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity 
                Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.)'';
                    (E) in subparagraph (O)(i)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subclause (I), 
                        by striking ``eligible for an exemption under 
                        paragraph (2) and who'' and inserting ``exempt 
                        from meeting a requirement under paragraph 
                        (1)(A) and'';
                            (ii) in subclause (II), by adding ``or'' at 
                        the end;
                            (iii) in subclause (III), by striking 
                        ``or'' at the end; and
                            (iv) by redesignating subclauses (I), (II), 
                        and (III) as subclauses (II), (III), and (I), 
                        respectively, and moving the subclauses so as 
                        to appear in numerical order; and
                    (F) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(P) Procedures for referrals.--In accordance with 
                regulations issued by the Secretary, the State agency 
                shall establish procedures to ensure that each referral 
                results in directly connecting a participant with a 
                service provider or other appropriate entity to receive 
                appropriate support and services.'';
            (2) in subsection (e)(3)(A), by striking ``title I of the 
        Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act'' and inserting ``the 
        Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et 
        seq.)''; and
            (3) in subsection (o)(1)(A), by striking ``title I of the 
        Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act'' and inserting ``the 
        Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102), 
        other than a self-service activity authorized under the Wagner-
        Peyser Act (29 U.S.C. 49 et seq.)''.
    (c) State Plans.--Section 11 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 2020) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (e)(19), by striking ``the activities'' 
        and all that follows through the semicolon at the end and 
        inserting ``appropriate activities carried out under the 
        Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et 
        seq.), as determined by the Secretary, a description of the 
        State agency's screening of individuals to determine whether an 
        individual is exempt from meeting a requirement under 
        subsections (d)(1)(A) and (o)(2) of section 6 and the 
        appropriateness of the employment and training program for the 
        skills and circumstances of the individual prior to the 
        referral of that individual to an employment and training 
        program, the basis, including any cost information, for 
        exemptions of categories and individuals, and the justification 
        for the choice of employment and training program components 
        reflected in the plans, including how those components address 
        the skill needs of participants and regional or local workforce 
        needs;''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (w) and inserting the following:
    ``(w) Additional Notification of Employment and Training 
Opportunities.--
            ``(1) In general.--For households containing at least 1 
        individual between the ages specified in section 6(d)(1), a 
        State agency shall, at the time of certification and 
        recertification, be required to provide information to those 
        individuals on available employment and training services and 
        local employment and training providers.
            ``(2) Notification.--A State agency that does not exempt 
        all work registrants from participation in an employment and 
        training program shall notify, in writing, households with 
        members that are exempt from the requirements of paragraph 
        (1)(A) of section 6(d) due to physical or mental unfitness or 
        pursuant to paragraph (2) of that section that those households 
        are not required to contact the providers or participate in the 
        services described in paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Request for employment and training provider 
        assessment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An individual who is determined 
                to be eligible to participate in the supplemental 
                nutrition assistance program by a State agency that 
                exempts all work registrants from an employment and 
                training program may request that the provider of a 
                component of the employment and training program of the 
                State assess the individual for appropriateness for 
                participation in that component, notwithstanding any 
                determination by the State agency of the eligibility of 
                the individual for the employment and training program 
                of that provider.
                    ``(B) Notification.--Each provider of a component 
                of an employment and training program shall--
                            ``(i) notify the applicable State agency of 
                        each individual that the provider identifies as 
                        appropriate for the component of the employment 
                        and training program under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) verify other eligibility conditions 
                        with the State agency prior to enrolling each 
                        of those individuals in the component of the 
                        employment and training program.''.
    (d) SNAP Employment and Training Reallocation.--Section 16(h)(1) of 
the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2025(h)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) by striking ``24'' and inserting ``36''; and
                    (B) by striking ``$103,900,000'' and inserting 
                ``$110,000,000''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (C)--
                    (A) in clause (i), by striking ``(v)'' and 
                inserting ``(iv)''; and
                    (B) by striking clauses (iv) and (v) and inserting 
                the following:
                            ``(iv) Priority.--In reallocating 
                        unexpended funds under clause (i), the 
                        Secretary shall give priority to State agencies 
                        requesting such funds for work-based learning 
                        employment and training programs and activities 
                        that--
                                    ``(I) are coordinated with 
                                employers that can transition to 
                                unsubsidized employment;
                                    ``(II) are targeted to--
                                            ``(aa) individuals 50 years 
                                        of age or older;
                                            ``(bb) formerly 
                                        incarcerated individuals;
                                            ``(cc) individuals 
                                        participating or having 
                                        recently participated in a 
                                        substance abuse treatment 
                                        program;
                                            ``(dd) homeless 
                                        individuals;
                                            ``(ee) individuals with 
                                        disabilities seeking to enter 
                                        the workforce;
                                            ``(ff) other individuals 
                                        with substantial barriers to 
                                        employment;
                                            ``(gg) households facing 
                                        multigenerational poverty, to 
                                        support employment and 
                                        workforce participation through 
                                        an integrated and family-
                                        focused approach in providing 
                                        supportive services; and
                                            ``(hh) members of Indian 
                                        tribes; and
                                    ``(III) meet any other criteria 
                                determined by the Secretary.''.
    (e) Employment and Training Study.--
            (1) Study.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall conduct a study on--
                    (A) the level of coordination among various 
                employment and training programs that are federally 
                funded and State- or locality-administered, including--
                            (i) programs under sections 6(d) and 20 of 
                        the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
                        2015(d), 2029);
                            (ii) programs under the Workforce 
                        Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 
                        et seq.);
                            (iii) work supports funded under a State 
                        program funded under part A of title IV of the 
                        Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.); 
                        and
                            (iv) the Jobs Plus Initiative Program 
                        administered by the Department of Housing and 
                        Urban Development;
                    (B) differences in the populations served by each 
                program studied under subparagraph (A);
                    (C) the different performance and reporting 
                measures used in each program studied under 
                subparagraph (A) and opportunities for aligning those 
                performance measures; and
                    (D) to the maximum extent practicable, the 
                effectiveness of each of those programs in serving 
                individuals with substantial barriers to employment, 
                such as substance use disorders, mental health issues, 
                physical or mental disabilities, unstable housing, lack 
                of basic education or life skills, or lack of 
                childcare, transportation, or access to appropriate 
                technologies, including with respect to--
                            (i) assessing the suitability of those 
                        individuals for the employment and training 
                        activities offered; and
                            (ii) improving the short-term and long-term 
                        employment outcomes for those individuals.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the completion of 
        the study under paragraph (1), the Comptroller General of the 
        United States shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, 
        Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report describing 
        the results of that study.

SEC. 4107. ENSURING EBT INTEGRITY.

    (a) Protecting EBT Cardholders.--
            (1) In general.--Section 7 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 
        2008 (7 U.S.C. 2016) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (d), by inserting ``and security, 
                including completeness of fraud protection and 
                prevention tools and coverage of infrastructure cost'' 
                before the period at the end;
                    (B) in subsection (f), by adding at the end the 
                following:
            ``(6) Updating point-of-sale equipment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall promulgate 
                regulations to require retail food stores to make any 
                necessary and appropriate upgrades to point-of-sale 
                equipment to ensure a more secure means of conducting 
                transactions.
                    ``(B) Liability.--Except as otherwise provided by 
                the Secretary, a retail food store shall be liable to 
                the Secretary for the value of benefits redeemed via 
                fraudulent on-site transactions using an EBT card with 
                a magnetic stripe in lieu of more secure means, as 
                determined by the Secretary, after the requirement for 
                those secure means is implemented nationwide by 
                regulation.'';
                    (C) in subsection (h)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end 
                        the following:
                    ``(E) State review.--Each State agency shall review 
                existing technology and contract requirements before 
                entering into or renewing an electronic benefit 
                transfer contract to ensure the electronic benefit 
                transfer technology of the State agency reflects up-to-
                date standards to ensure the security of benefits.'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (C)--
                                            (aa) in clause (ii), by 
                                        redesignating subclauses (I) 
                                        and (II) as items (aa) and 
                                        (bb), respectively, and 
                                        indenting appropriately; and
                                            (bb) by redesignating 
                                        clauses (i) and (ii) as 
                                        subclauses (I) and (II), 
                                        respectively, and indenting 
                                        appropriately;
                                    (II) by redesignating subparagraphs 
                                (A) through (H) as clauses (i) through 
                                (viii), respectively, and indenting 
                                appropriately;
                                    (III) in the matter preceding 
                                clause (i) (as so redesignated), by 
                                striking ``(2) The Secretary'' and 
                                inserting the following:
            ``(2) Federal standards.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary''; and
                                    (IV) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                    ``(B) Additional specifications.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not later than 240 days 
                        after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the 
                        electronic benefit transfer system of each 
                        State agency shall include--
                                    ``(I) a prohibition on the use of 
                                common personal identification numbers;
                                    ``(II) an option for households to 
                                temporarily lock all activity of the 
                                EBT card of the household, with 2 or 
                                more easy-to-use options to unlock the 
                                EBT card before making a purchase;
                                    ``(III) validation of the card 
                                authentication value of an EBT card;
                                    ``(IV) a means to authenticate card 
                                balance inquiries;
                                    ``(V) a means for States and the 
                                applicable benefit issuer to record and 
                                track data on reports of stolen 
                                benefits;
                                    ``(VI) an option for households to 
                                view EBT card transaction history; and
                                    ``(VII) the household option under 
                                subsection (j)(5).
                            ``(ii) Recipient protection.--A State 
                        agency may not deny a claim of a household for 
                        replacement of stolen benefits based on the 
                        decision of the household not to use any of the 
                        options described in subclauses (II), (VI), and 
                        (VII) of clause (i).
                            ``(iii) Regulations.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Not later than 
                                120 days after the date of enactment of 
                                the Rural Prosperity and Food Security 
                                Act of 2024, the Secretary shall 
                                promulgate interim final rules to 
                                implement clauses (i) and (ii).
                                    ``(II) Procedure.--Regulations 
                                promulgated pursuant to subclause (I) 
                                shall be made without regard to--
                                            ``(aa) the notice and 
                                        comment provisions of section 
                                        553 of title 5, United States 
                                        Code; or
                                            ``(bb) chapter 35 of title 
                                        44, United States Code.
                            ``(iv) Subsequent reviews.--Not less 
                        frequently than once every 5 years, the 
                        Secretary shall--
                                    ``(I) review the requirements 
                                described in clause (i); and
                                    ``(II) promulgate regulations to 
                                make such revisions to those 
                                requirements as the Secretary 
                                determines to be appropriate.
                    ``(C) Failure to comply.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In addition to 
                        compliance and enforcement required under 
                        section 16, for each 30-day period during which 
                        a State agency is not acting in good faith to 
                        comply with subparagraph (B), the Secretary may 
                        assess against the State agency a fine in an 
                        amount equal to $250,000.
                            ``(ii) Administrative and judicial 
                        review.--Any amount assessed by the Secretary 
                        under this subparagraph shall be subject to 
                        administrative and judicial review under 
                        section 14.'';
                            (iii) by striking paragraph (7) and 
                        inserting the following:
            ``(7) Replacement of benefits.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Regulations issued by the 
                Secretary regarding the replacement of benefits and 
                liability for replacement of benefits under an 
                electronic benefit transfer system shall be similar to 
                the regulations in effect for a paper-based 
                supplemental nutrition assistance issuance system.
                    ``(B) Replacement of stolen benefits.--The 
                Secretary shall require States to replace benefits that 
                are determined by the State agency to have been stolen 
                through EBT card skimming, EBT card cloning, or similar 
                fraudulent methods, subject to the conditions that--
                            ``(i) the State plan of operation shall 
                        include a plan for the replacement of stolen 
                        benefits that includes appropriate procedures, 
                        as determined by the Secretary, for--
                                    ``(I) the timely submission of 
                                claims to, timely validation of claims 
                                by, and replacement issuance by the 
                                State agency that includes--
                                            ``(aa) a signed statement 
                                        by the affected household on 
                                        the benefit theft, consistent 
                                        with the signature requirements 
                                        and options provided under 
                                        section 11(e)(2)(C);
                                            ``(bb) criteria for 
                                        determining whether a submitted 
                                        claim is valid;
                                            ``(cc) procedures for the 
                                        documentation of replacement 
                                        issuances, including the 
                                        submitted claims and findings 
                                        from the validation;
                                            ``(dd) the submission to 
                                        the Secretary of data reports 
                                        relating to benefit theft and 
                                        replacement activity;
                                            ``(ee) procedures to inform 
                                        households of the right to a 
                                        fair hearing, consistent with 
                                        the procedures established 
                                        under section 11(e) (including 
                                        regulations) with respect to 
                                        replacement issuances; and
                                            ``(ff) the use and planned 
                                        use by the State agency of 
                                        benefit theft prevention 
                                        measures; and
                                    ``(II) reporting to the Secretary 
                                the scope and frequency of EBT card 
                                skimming affecting households within 
                                the State;
                            ``(ii) the replacement of stolen benefits 
                        for a household--
                                    ``(I) shall not exceed the lesser 
                                of--
                                            ``(aa) the amount of 
                                        benefits stolen from the 
                                        household; and
                                            ``(bb) an amount equal to 2 
                                        months of the monthly allotment 
                                        of the household immediately 
                                        prior to the date on which the 
                                        benefits were stolen;
                                    ``(II) shall not occur more than 2 
                                times per fiscal year per household by 
                                a single State agency; and
                                    ``(III) shall only apply to 
                                benefits stolen on or after October 1, 
                                2022; and
                            ``(iii) the replacement of stolen benefits 
                        under this subparagraph shall not be regarded 
                        as a loss for purposes of subsection (e), to 
                        the extent such replacement is in accordance 
                        with an approved plan that complies with this 
                        subparagraph.''; and
                            (iv) in paragraph (13)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (B), by 
                                striking ``Effective through fiscal 
                                year 2023, neither'' and inserting 
                                ``Neither''; and
                                    (II) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                    ``(C) Additional EBT fees.--Effective through 
                fiscal year 2029, no agent, contractor, or 
                subcontractor of a State who facilitates the provision 
                of benefits in that State may impose a fee on retail 
                food stores authorized under this Act for costs to 
                implement paragraph (1)(E), subsection (d), or for 
                other costs associated with updating electronic benefit 
                transfer processing infrastructure.''; and
                    (D) in subsection (j), by striking paragraph (5) 
                and inserting the following:
            ``(5) Household option.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Each State shall allow a 
                household to control the interoperability of the EBT 
                card of the household, including by allowing the 
                household to restrict the EBT card to work only in 1 or 
                more particular States.
                    ``(B) Ensuring household access.--The Secretary 
                shall ensure that, pursuant to subparagraph (A)--
                            ``(i) a State agency provides 2 or more 
                        easy-to-access and easy-to-use options for a 
                        household to control the interoperability of 
                        the EBT card of the household; and
                            ``(ii) any EBT card received by the 
                        household is interoperable.''.
            (2) Application of amendments.--The amendments made by 
        subparagraph (A), and clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (B), 
        of paragraph (1) shall be applied to supersede section 
        501(a)(2) of division HH of the Consolidated Appropriations 
        Act, 2023 (7 U.S.C. 2016a(a)(2)), and any agency action taken 
        pursuant to that section.
    (b) Preventing Unauthorized Benefit Redemptions.--Section 9 of the 
Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2018) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) in clause (iii), by adding 
                                ``and'' at the end;
                                    (II) by striking clause (iv); and
                                    (III) by redesignating clause (v) 
                                as clause (iv); and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) EBT equipment or service provider 
                requirement.--An applicant shall not be authorized to 
                accept and redeem benefits unless the applicant 
                certifies that the applicant will use an electronic 
                benefit transfer equipment and service provider that is 
                included on the list described in paragraph (4)(B).''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(4) Electronic benefit transfer equipment and service 
        provider standards.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 18 months after 
                the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall promulgate 
                regulations to establish standards for approving 
                electronic benefit transfer equipment and service 
                providers to route electronic benefit transfer 
                transactions, which shall include--
                            ``(i) requiring those providers to submit 
                        to benefit issuers sufficient transaction 
                        information to minimize the risk of fraudulent 
                        transactions and unauthorized redemptions;
                            ``(ii) registration in the System for Award 
                        Management maintained by the General Services 
                        Administration;
                            ``(iii) safeguarding confidential retail 
                        food store identifiers necessary for processing 
                        and routing electronic benefit transfer 
                        transactions; and
                            ``(iv) other requirements to ensure the 
                        security and stability of the electronic 
                        benefit transfer system, as determined by the 
                        Secretary.
                    ``(B) List of approved providers.--The Secretary 
                shall--
                            ``(i) compile and publish a list of 
                        electronic benefit transfer equipment and 
                        service providers that meet the standards 
                        established under subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) regularly update that list.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Sale or transfer of retail food store.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A retail food store authorized 
                under this section to accept and redeem benefits or 
                currently serving a period of disqualification under 
                the supplemental nutrition assistance program shall--
                            ``(i) notify the Secretary of a sale or 
                        transfer of ownership of the retail food store 
                        before the sale or transfer in a timely manner, 
                        as determined by the Secretary; and
                            ``(ii) submit documentation to the 
                        Secretary confirming the sale or transfer in a 
                        timely manner, as determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Certification.--A retail food store seeking 
                authorization under this section shall certify in the 
                application of the retail food store that the retail 
                food store shall comply with the requirements under 
                subparagraph (A).
                    ``(C) Disabling SNAP functions.--The Secretary 
                shall ensure that any electronic benefit transfer 
                equipment used by a retail food store described in 
                subparagraph (A) that is sold or transferred shall be 
                disabled not later than 72 hours after the Secretary 
                confirms the sale or transfer.''.
    (c) Civil Penalties, Flagrant Violations, and Suspensions.--Section 
12 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2021) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)(B), by striking ``$100,000'' and 
        inserting ``$150,000'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``$100,000'' and 
        inserting ``$150,000'';
            (3) in subsection (h)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``establish 
                procedures'' and all that follows through the period at 
                the end and inserting ``promulgate regulations to 
                establish procedures under which benefit transactions 
                likely to be in flagrant violation of this Act 
                (including regulations promulgated pursuant to this 
                Act), as determined through the use of real-time 
                transaction data, may be blocked in real time, for the 
                purpose of the immediate protection of Federal 
                funds.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``determines 
                that'' in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and all 
                that follows through the period at the end of 
                subparagraph (B)(ii) and inserting ``blocks a benefit 
                transaction likely to be in flagrant violation of this 
                Act (including regulations promulgated pursuant to this 
                Act), the Secretary shall provide prompt notification 
                to the affected retail food store, household, and 
                benefit issuer with an explanation for the block, 
                including an explanation of the necessity of the block 
                for the immediate protection of Federal funds, and the 
                suspected violation.''; and
                    (C) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(3) No liability.--The Secretary shall not be liable for 
        the value of any funds or interest on funds blocked under this 
        subsection.
            ``(4) Report.--The Secretary shall annually submit to the 
        Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
        and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
        Representatives a report describing the total number of 
        benefits transactions and the total benefits amount blocked 
        under this subsection in each State during the preceding year.
            ``(5) Termination of authority.--The authority under this 
        subsection shall expire 5 years after the effective date of 
        regulations promulgated pursuant to paragraph (1).''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) EBT Equipment and Service Providers.--
            ``(1) In general.--An electronic benefit transfer equipment 
        or service provider that facilitates unauthorized redemption of 
        benefits or otherwise violates a provision of this Act 
        (including regulations) may be--
                    ``(A) suspended or debarred in accordance with the 
                procedures under part 417 of title 2, Code of Federal 
                Regulations (or successor regulations);
                    ``(B) assessed a civil penalty in an amount not to 
                exceed $150,000 per violation; or
                    ``(C) both.
            ``(2) Review and appeal of civil penalty.--The imposition 
        of a civil penalty under paragraph (1) shall be subject to 
        review, and may be appealed by the electronic benefit transfer 
        equipment or service provider, in accordance with section 
        14.''.
    (d) Administrative and Judicial Review.--Section 14(a)(1) of the 
Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2023(a)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``of this Act'' each place it appears;
            (2) by inserting ``or an electronic benefit transfer 
        equipment or service provider is assessed a civil penalty under 
        section 12(j),'' before ``or all or part of''; and
            (3) by inserting ``or retail food store or wholesale food 
        concern'' before ``is stated pursuant to''.

SEC. 4108. RETAIL FOOD STORES.

    (a) Stocking Units.--
            (1) In general.--Section 3(o)(1) of the Food and Nutrition 
        Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012(o)(1)) is amended by striking 
        subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) offers and displays for sale, on a continuous 
                basis, at least 25 stockkeeping units of foods in each 
                of the 4 categories of staple foods described in 
                subsection (q)(1)--
                            ``(i) including--
                                    ``(I) perishable foods in at least 
                                3 of those categories; and
                                    ``(II) 7 varieties in the category 
                                described in subparagraph (C) of that 
                                subsection; and
                            ``(ii) of which not less than 12 of the 
                        stockkeeping units in each of those 4 
                        categories of staple foods are identified for 
                        increased consumption for any age group, 
                        consistent with the most recent Dietary 
                        Guidelines for Americans published under 
                        section 301 of the National Nutrition 
                        Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (7 
                        U.S.C. 5341), as determined by the Secretary; 
                        or''.
            (2) Regulations.--
                    (A) Promulgation.--Not later than 18 months after 
                the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
                promulgate regulations to implement the amendment made 
                by paragraph (1), which shall take effect not later 
                than 180 days after publication of the regulation in 
                the Federal Register.
                    (B) Listening sessions.--In promulgating 
                regulations pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
                shall conduct 2 or more public listening sessions that 
                shall--
                            (i) engage the full range of interested 
                        groups, including, to the maximum extent 
                        practicable--
                                    (I) households participating in the 
                                supplemental nutrition assistance 
                                program established under the Food and 
                                Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et 
                                seq.); and
                                    (II) different types of retail food 
                                stores authorized to participate in 
                                that program under section 9 of that 
                                Act (7 U.S.C. 2018); and
                            (ii) be included in the rulemaking record.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date on which 
        regulations promulgated pursuant to paragraph (2)(A) take 
        effect, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
        Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a 
        report that assesses the compliance by retail food stores (as 
        defined in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
        U.S.C. 2012)), including small grocery stores and convenience 
        stores, with those regulations, which shall include--
                    (A) a description of any challenges retail food 
                stores face with respect to meeting the requirements in 
                those regulations; and
                    (B) recommendations for additional approaches that 
                small-scale retail food stores may take to stock and 
                promote healthy food options.
    (b) Online-Only Entities.--
            (1) Definition of retail food store.--Section 3(o)(1) of 
        the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012(o)(1)) is 
        amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
        ``sells food'' and inserting ``owns food inventory and sells 
        that food''.
            (2) Additional requirements for participation of retail 
        food stores.--Section 9 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 
        (7 U.S.C. 2018) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) by striking ``(2) The 
                                Secretary'' and inserting the 
                                following:
            ``(2) Regulations.--The Secretary''; and
                                    (II) by indenting subparagraphs (A) 
                                and (B) appropriately; and
                            (ii) by conforming the margin of paragraph 
                        (3) with the margin of paragraph (4);
                    (B) in subsection (c), in the third sentence, by 
                inserting ``(42 U.S.C. 1786)'' after ``Act of 1966''; 
                and
                    (C) by striking subsection (f) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(f) Additional Requirements for Participation.--
            ``(1) House-to-house trade routes, online-only entities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall limit 
                participation in the supplemental nutrition assistance 
                program of house-to-house trade routes and entities 
                that operate solely online (referred to in this 
                paragraph as `online-only entities') to include only 
                such routes and online-only entities that support the 
                purposes of the supplemental nutrition assistance 
                program.
                    ``(B) Terms and conditions.--The Secretary shall 
                establish terms and conditions for participation of 
                house-to-house trade routes and online-only entities in 
                the supplemental nutrition assistance program, which 
                shall include, at a minimum--
                            ``(i) a requirement to be fully operational 
                        with respect to sales to the public for not 
                        less than 1 year before receiving authorization 
                        under this section, including, for online-only 
                        entities, operation in e-commerce for not less 
                        than that 1-year period;
                            ``(ii) a requirement to provide to the 
                        Secretary, on request--
                                    ``(I) documentation to establish 
                                inventory ownership, such as business 
                                records; and
                                    ``(II) evidence of sufficient and 
                                consistent minimum inventory levels, 
                                such as business records, inventory 
                                storage facility visit reports, and 
                                other means, including, for online-only 
                                entities, documentation matching owned 
                                inventory with online offerings, as the 
                                Secretary determines to be sufficient 
                                to qualify continuously as a retail 
                                food store; and
                            ``(iii) a requirement to demonstrate sales 
                        consistent with inventory, as determined by the 
                        Secretary, for not less than 1 year before 
                        receiving authorization under this section and 
                        periodically thereafter, as the Secretary 
                        determines to be appropriate.
            ``(2) Entities without inventory.--An entity (including a 
        product aggregator) that does not qualify as a retail food 
        store described in section 3(o)(1) because the entity does not 
        own food inventory may not participate in the supplemental 
        nutrition assistance program.
            ``(3) Third-party entities and inventory.--
                    ``(A) Retailers.--An entity that is not an approved 
                retail food store may not offer food for sale in 
                exchange for benefits through an approved retail food 
                store.
                    ``(B) Inventory.--An approved retail food store may 
                not offer inventory for sale in exchange for benefits 
                if that inventory is owned by an entity that is not an 
                approved retail food store.''.
            (3) Review and pilot project.--Section 17 of the Food and 
        Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2026) is amended by adding at 
        the end the following:
    ``(o) Report on Entities That Sell Food but Do Not Own Their Own 
Food Inventory; Pilot Project.--
            ``(1) Report.--The Secretary shall conduct, and make 
        publicly available a report describing the results of, a study 
        that assesses--
                    ``(A) the types of entities that sell food but do 
                not own their own food inventory (referred to in this 
                subsection as `covered entities');
                    ``(B) vulnerabilities that covered entities may 
                pose to the supplemental nutrition assistance program 
                if covered entities are authorized to accept and redeem 
                benefits under that program;
                    ``(C) opportunities that covered entities may 
                provide to participants of the supplemental nutrition 
                assistance program if covered entities are authorized 
                to accept and redeem benefits under that program;
                    ``(D) recommendations for additional oversight of 
                covered entities under the supplemental nutrition 
                assistance program if covered entities are authorized 
                to accept and redeem benefits under that program;
                    ``(E) standards that may be established to ensure 
                the integrity of the supplemental nutrition assistance 
                program with respect to covered entities if covered 
                entities are authorized to accept and redeem benefits 
                under that program, including--
                            ``(i) ensuring that covered entities are 
                        able--
                                    ``(I) to provide to the customer 
                                the food purchased using benefits by 
                                customers in a timely manner; and
                                    ``(II) to continuously meet the 
                                requirements described in subparagraph 
                                (A) or (B) of section 3(o)(1); and
                            ``(ii) ensuring that the Department of 
                        Agriculture has sufficient information to 
                        conduct appropriate oversight over covered 
                        entities; and
                    ``(F) any other considerations, as determined by 
                the Secretary.
            ``(2) Pilot project.--After the Secretary makes publicly 
        available the report described in paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary--
                    ``(A) may conduct a pilot project to authorize 
                entities that sell food but do not own their own food 
                inventory, but otherwise meet the definition of the 
                term `retail food store' under section 3(o) and meet 
                the standards described in paragraph (1)(E), to accept 
                and redeem benefits to test the effectiveness of those 
                standards--
                            ``(i) in protecting and increasing healthy 
                        food access for households participating in the 
                        supplemental nutrition assistance program; and
                            ``(ii) in providing sufficient information 
                        for the Secretary to conduct appropriate 
                        oversight over those entities; and
                    ``(B) shall make publicly available a report 
                describing the results of the pilot project conducted 
                under subparagraph (A).''.
    (c) Online Delivery Standards.--Section 7(k) of the Food and 
Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2016(k)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``on-line'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``online'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as 
                subparagraph (F); and
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the 
                following:
                    ``(E) meet the delivery and data submission 
                standards established under paragraph (5); and'';
            (3) in paragraph (4), in the paragraph heading, by striking 
        ``on-line'' and inserting ``online''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Safe delivery standards.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary, acting through 
                the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, in 
                consultation with the Administrator of the Food Safety 
                and Inspection Service, shall promulgate regulations 
                that, for any retail food store that accepts benefits 
                through an online transaction and offers delivery 
                services for the food purchased using those benefits--
                            ``(i) establish standards for delivery 
                        conditions and practices that ensure the 
                        preservation of the quality of the food, 
                        including perishable food, to prevent 
                        contamination and food-borne illnesses; and
                            ``(ii) describe the manner in which data, 
                        and the type of data that, should be submitted 
                        by retail food stores so that the Secretary may 
                        verify compliance with the standards described 
                        in clause (i).
                    ``(B) Listening sessions.--In promulgating 
                regulations pursuant to subparagraph (A), the 
                Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Food 
                and Nutrition Service, shall conduct 2 or more public 
                listening sessions that--
                            ``(i) engage the full range of interested 
                        groups; and
                            ``(ii) shall be included in the rulemaking 
                        record.
                    ``(C) Compliance.--Not later than 1 year after 
                regulations are promulgated pursuant to subparagraph 
                (A), the Secretary shall ensure compliance with those 
                regulations.''.

SEC. 4109. IMPROVING CUSTOMER SERVICE TO RETAIL FOOD STORES.

    Section 9 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2018) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Improving Customer Service.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator of the Food and 
        Nutrition Service, in coordination with offices of the Food and 
        Nutrition Service that oversee retail food store operations or 
        policies, shall develop a plan that considers store owner and 
        operator training and agency timeliness to enhance customer 
        service for applicant and authorized retail food stores.
            ``(2) Public availability.--The Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) not later than 240 days after the date of 
                enactment of this subsection, make publicly available 
                on the website of the Food and Nutrition Service the 
                plan developed under paragraph (1); and
                    ``(B) post periodic updates on the implementation 
                of that plan on that website.''.

SEC. 4110. RESTORING SNAP BENEFITS FOR DRUG-RELATED CONVICTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 11(e)(2)(B) of the Food and Nutrition Act 
of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2020(e)(2)(B)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (vi), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in clause (vii), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(viii) notwithstanding clause (iii) and 
                        section 3(m)(4), may consider an application 
                        from an incarcerated individual to be filed on 
                        the date that the incarcerated individual is 
                        released, subject to the condition that the 
                        application is received not more than 30 days 
                        prior to the scheduled release date of the 
                        incarcerated individual.''.
    (b) Amendment to PRWORA.--Section 115 of the Personal 
Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (21 
U.S.C. 862a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``for--'' and all that follows through the 
        period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting ``for 
        assistance under any State program funded under part A of title 
        IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (2);
                    (B) by striking the subsection designation and 
                heading and all that follows through ``The amount of'' 
                in paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Effects on Assistance for Others.--The amount of''; and
                    (C) by inserting ``(42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)'' after 
                ``Social Security Act''; and
            (3) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (2); and
                    (B) by striking the subsection designation and 
                heading and all that follows through ``, and'' in 
                paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Definition of State.--In this section, the term `State' has 
the meaning given the term in section 419 of the Social Security Act 
(42 U.S.C. 619), when referring to assistance provided under a State 
program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 601 et seq.).''.
    (c) State Law Effects.--Any State law limitations enacted in 
accordance with section 115(d) of the Personal Responsibility and Work 
Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (21 U.S.C. 862a(d)) (as in 
effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act) with 
respect to benefits under the supplemental nutrition assistance program 
established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et 
seq.) or any State program carried out under that Act shall have no 
force or effect.
    (d) Effective Date.--This section and the amendments made by this 
section shall take effect on October 1, 2025.

SEC. 4111. STREAMLINING SNAP APPLICATIONS.

    Section 11(e)(2)(C) of the Food and Nutrition of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2020(e)(2)(C)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (ii)--
                    (A) in the clause heading, by inserting ``or 
                gestured'' after ``telephonic''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``or, for hearing impaired 
                applicants, by gesture over a video phone or in 
                person'' before the period at the end; and
            (2) in clause (iii)(I), by striking ``record for future 
        reference the verbal assent'' and inserting ``record, as audio 
        or video or in writing, for future reference the verbal or 
        gestured assent''.

SEC. 4112. IMPROVING STATE ADMINISTRATION AND QUALITY CONTROL.

    Section 16 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2025) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``(a) Subject to 
        subsection (k)'' and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Administrative Cost-share.--Subject to subsections (k) and 
(l)'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(G)--
                            (i) by striking ``The Secretary'' and 
                        inserting the following:
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary'';
                            (ii) in clause (i) (as so designated), by 
                        inserting ``to improve the accuracy of 
                        eligibility and benefit determinations'' before 
                        ``to reduce payment errors''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) Early root cause analysis.--
                                    ``(I) Notification.--Not later than 
                                the end of the second quarter of each 
                                fiscal year, the Secretary shall notify 
                                State agencies if a preliminary review 
                                of data from the most recent 6-month 
                                period conducted in accordance with the 
                                system established under subparagraph 
                                (A) indicates that the payment error 
                                rate of the State agency for that 
                                fiscal year is trending higher than 6 
                                percent.
                                    ``(II) Root cause analysis.--The 
                                Secretary, acting through the Office of 
                                Technical Assistance within the Food 
                                and Nutrition Service, shall provide 1-
                                on-1 technical assistance to State 
                                agencies that receive a notification 
                                under subclause (I)--
                                            ``(aa) to identify the 
                                        causes of the payment errors; 
                                        and
                                            ``(bb) to develop a 
                                        strategy to improve the 
                                        accuracy of the eligibility and 
                                        benefit determinations of the 
                                        State agency to reduce payment 
                                        errors.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in each of subparagraphs (A) through 
                        (C), by striking ``the term'' and inserting 
                        ``The term''; and
                            (ii) by striking the paragraph designation 
                        and all that follows through ``section--'' and 
                        inserting the following:
            ``(2) Definition of error rates.--In this section:'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by striking paragraphs (1) through (5);
                    (B) in paragraph (6), by striking the paragraph 
                designation and heading and all that follows through 
                ``each fiscal year thereafter'' in the matter preceding 
                clause (i) in subparagraph (A) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) Performance criteria.--
                    ``(A) In general.--With respect to each fiscal 
                year'';
                    (C) in paragraph (1) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Publicly available.--For each fiscal year, 
                the Secretary shall make publicly available on the 
                website of the Department of Agriculture each of the 
                performance criteria established under subparagraph (A) 
                for each State.''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Reporting requirements for additional performance 
        indicators.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Beginning in fiscal year 2027, 
                each month, each State agency shall submit to the 
                Secretary a report on the activities of the State 
                agency carried out during the immediately preceding 
                month relating to application processing and 
                certifications for the supplemental nutrition 
                assistance program, which shall include, with respect 
                to the month covered by the report--
                            ``(i) the number and percentage of 
                        applications and recertifications completed 
                        within the applicable timeframe required under 
                        this Act;
                            ``(ii) the number and percentage of 
                        households that were denied benefits, the cases 
                        of which were closed, or the certification 
                        periods of which expired due to missed 
                        interviews, missing verifications, unreturned 
                        recertification or interim reporting forms, and 
                        other similar reasons, as determined by the 
                        Secretary;
                            ``(iii) the number of applications, 
                        periodic reports, and recertifications that 
                        remained pending past the date on which those 
                        documents were due;
                            ``(iv) the number and percentage of cases 
                        due for recertification or periodic reporting 
                        that lost benefits and reapplied within the 
                        following 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days;
                            ``(v) the total call center volume, average 
                        wait time, and average answer rate, as 
                        determined by the Secretary, for--
                                    ``(I) each call center of the State 
                                agency responsible for administering 
                                the supplemental nutrition assistance 
                                program; and
                                    ``(II) any additional call center 
                                operated by a county in the State to 
                                support the operations of that program; 
                                and
                            ``(vi) any other relevant information 
                        relating to the application or certification 
                        process of the supplemental nutrition 
                        assistance program, as determined by the 
                        Secretary.
                    ``(B) Standardized requirements for monthly 
                reporting.--
                            ``(i) In general.--For fiscal year 2027 and 
                        each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary 
                        shall establish standardized requirements for 
                        the monthly reporting required under 
                        subparagraph (A) that shall be used to develop 
                        customer service metrics that track and assist 
                        State agencies with the administration of the 
                        supplemental nutrition assistance program.
                            ``(ii) Grace period.--During fiscal year 
                        2027, a State agency shall not be required to 
                        comply with the standardized requirements 
                        established under clause (i) in carrying out 
                        the monthly reporting required under 
                        subparagraph (A).
                    ``(C) Revision and streamlining of existing 
                requirements.--In establishing the reporting system 
                under this paragraph, the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) review existing State agency 
                        performance criteria and reporting 
                        requirements; and
                            ``(ii) make necessary modifications to 
                        ensure that data collection for those existing 
                        performance criteria and reporting requirements 
                        are not duplicative of the requirements under 
                        subparagraph (A).
                    ``(D) Enforcement.--
                            ``(i) In general.--If a State agency fails 
                        to act in good faith to meet the reporting 
                        requirements established under this paragraph, 
                        the Secretary may assess that State agency a 
                        civil penalty for each monthly report described 
                        in subparagraph (A) that is not submitted by 
                        the date that is 60 days after the end of the 
                        month covered by the report.
                            ``(ii) Amount.--The amount of a civil 
                        penalty assessed under clause (i) shall be 
                        $250,000 for each 30-day period during which 
                        the applicable monthly report described in 
                        subparagraph (A) is overdue.
                            ``(iii) Appeal.--The amount of the civil 
                        penalty assessed under this subparagraph shall 
                        be subject to administrative and judicial 
                        review under section 14.
                    ``(E) Annual customer service metrics.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Using the information 
                        submitted by a State agency each month, the 
                        Secretary shall calculate annual customer 
                        service metrics of the State agency, in a 
                        manner to be determined by the Secretary.
                            ``(ii) Customer service standards.--The 
                        Secretary shall notify a State agency of the 
                        annual customer service metrics of that State 
                        agency at the time of notification to the State 
                        agency of the payment error rate of the State 
                        agency.
            ``(3) Publicly available state data.--
                    ``(A) Quarterly reports for fiscal years 2025 and 
                2026.--For each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026, the 
                Secretary shall make publicly available on the website 
                of the Department of Agriculture, not later than 60 
                days after receipt from each State agency, the 
                quarterly data that each State agency reports to the 
                Secretary relating to the total number of--
                            ``(i) initial applications that are 
                        approved, denied, or overdue, including 
                        applications that are subject to expedited 
                        service; and
                            ``(ii) recertifications that are approved, 
                        denied, or overdue.
                    ``(B) Monthly reports.--For fiscal year 2027 and 
                each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall make 
                publicly available on the website of the Department of 
                Agriculture, not later than 60 days after receipt from 
                each State agency, the monthly data that each State 
                agency reports under paragraph (2)(A).'';
            (4) in subsection (i)(1), by striking ``(as defined in 
        subsection (d)(1))''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Cost-Share for Monthly Reporting.--Notwithstanding section 
16(a), the Secretary shall pay to each State agency an amount equal to 
90 percent of all administrative costs related to the implementation by 
the State agency of the reporting requirements under subsection 
(d)(2).''.

SEC. 4113. PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION GRANTS.

    Section 11(t) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2020(t)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``$5,000,000'' and 
        inserting ``$25,000,000'';
            (2) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``or'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American 
                Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
                Islands, including the governmental agency in each of 
                those territories that administers a nutrition 
                assistance program under section 19 or Public Law 96-
                597 (94 Stat. 3477), as applicable.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Multiyear awards.--A grant may be awarded under this 
        section for a project that spans up to 6 years.''.

SEC. 4114. ELDERLY SIMPLIFIED APPLICATION OPTION.

    Section 11 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2020) 
(as amended by section 4105(b)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(z) Elderly Simplified Application Option.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out the supplemental 
        nutrition assistance program, a State may elect to implement a 
        streamlined application and certification process (referred to 
        in this subsection as a `covered process') for households in 
        which all adult members--
                    ``(A) are elderly or disabled members; and
                    ``(B) have no earned income.
            ``(2) Certification period.--The certification period for a 
        household participating through a covered process shall be 36 
        months.
            ``(3) Income and other data verification.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A State agency determining the 
                eligibility of an applicant household under a covered 
                process shall, notwithstanding subsection (e)(3),to the 
                maximum extent practicable--
                            ``(i) use data matching for income 
                        verification and household size; and
                            ``(ii) allow self-declaration by the 
                        applicant of the information required under 
                        section 273.2(f) of title 7, Code of Federal 
                        Regulations (or a successor regulation), but 
                        verify, prior to certification of the 
                        household, factors of eligibility required 
                        under this Act or that are provided by the 
                        applicant that the State agency determines are 
                        questionable.
                    ``(B) Accountability and fraud prevention.--In 
                carrying out subparagraph (A), a State agency shall, 
                subject to the approval of the Secretary, establish 
                accountability and fraud protection measures to deter 
                fraud and ensure the integrity of the supplemental 
                nutrition assistance program.
            ``(4) Interviews.--Notwithstanding subsection (e)(6)(A), 
        for recertification of a household under a covered process, the 
        State agency shall not require an interview unless requested by 
        the household, which may be conducted in-person, if requested 
        by the household, or virtually.
            ``(5) Guidance.--Prior to allowing States to implement a 
        covered process, the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition 
        Service shall develop guidance for States, including by 
        consulting with States, to carry out a covered process, which 
        shall include--
                    ``(A) general implementation guidelines;
                    ``(B) reporting requirements;
                    ``(C) quality control requirements; and
                    ``(D) best practices.''.

SEC. 4115. HOT FOODS.

    Section 17 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2026) 
(as amended by section 4108(b)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(p) Report on Treatment of Hot Food Products; Pilot Projects.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall conduct, and 
        make publicly available a report describing the results of, a 
        study that assesses the potential impacts to the supplemental 
        nutrition assistance program of a statutory change to the 
        definition of the term `food' in section 3 that would--
                    ``(A) include hot foods and hot food products ready 
                for immediate consumption at retail food stores 
                authorized to participate in the supplemental nutrition 
                assistance program; and
                    ``(B) exclude hot foods and hot food products ready 
                for immediate consumption from the definition of the 
                term `staple food' in that section.
            ``(2) Contents.--The study under paragraph (1) shall 
        include an assessment of--
                    ``(A) the types of hot and prepared foods that 
                would be available at authorized retail food stores 
                (including co-located entities at those retail food 
                stores) for purchase using supplemental nutrition 
                assistance program benefits, for different types of 
                authorized retail food stores;
                    ``(B) of the total gross sales of an authorized 
                retail food store, the percentage of sales of hot and 
                prepared foods not intended for home preparation or 
                home consumption, for different types of authorized 
                retail food stores;
                    ``(C) the potential impact of the statutory change 
                described in paragraph (1) on retail food store 
                eligibility under section 278.1(b)(1)(i)(A) of title 7, 
                Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor 
                regulation); and
                    ``(D) any other considerations, as determined by 
                the Secretary.
            ``(3) Pilot projects.--After the report described in 
        paragraph (1) is made publicly available, the Secretary--
                    ``(A) may conduct not more than 5 pilot projects 
                designed to test the effectiveness and efficiency of 
                supplemental nutrition assistance program changes to 
                allow households to purchase hot and prepared foods 
                using benefits; and
                    ``(B) shall make publicly available a report 
                describing the results of each pilot project conducted 
                under subparagraph (A).''.

SEC. 4116. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 18(a)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2027(a)(1)) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 4117. INCLUSION OF PUERTO RICO IN SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION 
              ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 2012) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (r), by inserting ``the Commonwealth of 
        Puerto Rico,'' after ``Guam,''; and
            (2) in subsection (u)(2), by striking ``Hawaii and the 
        urban and rural parts of Alaska to reflect the cost of food in 
        Hawaii and urban and rural Alaska'' and inserting ``Hawaii, the 
        urban and rural parts of Alaska, and the Commonwealth of Puerto 
        Rico to reflect the cost of food in Hawaii, urban and rural 
        Alaska, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, respectively''.
    (b) Eligible Households.--Section 5 of the Food and Nutrition Act 
of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), in the first sentence, by inserting 
        ``the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,'' after ``Guam,'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and Guam,'' and 
                inserting ``Guam, and the Commonwealth of Puerto 
                Rico,''; and
                    (B) in the undesignated matter after paragraph (2), 
                by striking ``States or Guam'' and inserting ``States, 
                Guam, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico''; and
            (3) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting ``and the 
                Commonwealth of Puerto Rico'' after ``Hawaii'' each 
                place it appears; and
                    (B) in paragraph (6)(B), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by inserting ``and the Commonwealth of 
                Puerto Rico'' after ``Columbia''.
    (c) Regulations.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations to 
carry out the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b), which 
regulations shall not take effect until the effective date of the 
amendments made by those subsections, as described in subsection (d).
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) 
shall be effective with respect to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico on 
the covered start date (as defined in subsection (f)(1) of section 19 
of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2028)) if a 
certification under subsection (f)(8)(C) of that section (7 U.S.C. 
2028) has been submitted to Congress.
    (e) Transition of Puerto Rico to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance 
Program.--Section 19 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2028) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)(B), in the subparagraph heading, 
        by striking ``commonwealth of puerto rico'' and inserting 
        ``Commonwealth of Puerto Rico''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Transition of Puerto Rico to Supplemental Nutrition 
Assistance Program.--
            ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Covered start date.--The term `covered start 
                date' means the date on which the Commonwealth of 
                Puerto Rico intends for all eligible households 
                participating in the program under subsections (a) 
                through (e) to have been transitioned to the 
                supplemental nutrition assistance program.
                    ``(B) Phase-in period.--The term `phase-in period' 
                means a period of not less than 2 years and not more 
                than 5 years beginning not earlier than 9 years and not 
                later than 15 years after the date on which the 
                transition plan is approved under paragraph (3)(A).
                    ``(C) Plan of operation.--The term `plan of 
                operation' means a plan of operation for the 
                supplemental nutrition assistance program described in 
                section 11(d) submitted by the Commonwealth of Puerto 
                Rico.
                    ``(D) Planning period.--The term `planning period' 
                means the period beginning on the date on which the 
                transition plan is approved under paragraph (3)(A) and 
                ending on the date on which the phase-in period begins.
                    ``(E) Transition plan.--The term `transition plan' 
                means the transition plan of the Commonwealth of Puerto 
                Rico described in paragraph (2)(B).
            ``(2) Request to transition to snap.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 
                may submit to the Secretary a request to transition 
                from operating the nutrition assistance program under 
                this section to operating the supplemental nutrition 
                assistance program.
                    ``(B) Transition plan.--A request submitted under 
                subparagraph (A) shall include a transition plan, which 
                shall include--
                            ``(i) the anticipated covered start date;
                            ``(ii) a description of plans for the 
                        planning period, which shall include a detailed 
                        description of the manner and timeline in which 
                        the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico will implement 
                        the statutory changes and regulatory 
                        development, program design, and planning steps 
                        described in the report of the Department of 
                        Agriculture entitled `Update to Feasibility 
                        Study on Implementing SNAP in Puerto Rico, 
                        Final Report' and dated July 2022 (or a 
                        subsequent feasibility study); and
                            ``(iii) a description of plans for the 
                        phase-in period, which shall include a detailed 
                        description of the manner and timeline in which 
                        the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico will implement 
                        the testing, training, and rollout steps 
                        described in the report described in clause 
                        (ii) (or a subsequent feasibility study) and 
                        carry out activities required under paragraph 
                        (6).
            ``(3) Determination of transition plan.--
                    ``(A) Approval.--Not later than 180 days after the 
                date on which the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico submits a 
                transition plan with a request under paragraph (2)(A), 
                the Secretary shall approve the transition plan if the 
                transition plan--
                            ``(i) meets the requirements described in 
                        paragraph (2)(B); and
                            ``(ii) provides a reasonable strategy and 
                        timeline for the planning, development, and 
                        rollout of the supplemental nutrition 
                        assistance program that is likely to ensure 
                        successful implementation of the program, as 
                        determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Disapproval.--If the Secretary does not 
                approve the transition plan under subparagraph (A), the 
                Secretary shall provide a statement that describes--
                            ``(i) each requirement under paragraph 
                        (2)(B) or this paragraph that is not satisfied 
                        by the transition plan; and
                            ``(ii) the changes that the Commonwealth of 
                        Puerto Rico may make to the transition plan for 
                        the Secretary to approve the transition plan.
            ``(4) Action by secretary.--Not later than 180 days after 
        the date on which the Secretary approves the transition plan 
        under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall make publicly 
        available a report describing the steps that the Secretary 
        shall take to assist the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico during the 
        planning period and phase-in period and the timeline for those 
        steps.
            ``(5) Planning period.--During the planning period, the 
        Commonwealth of Puerto Rico shall carry out activities, as 
        described in the transition plan pursuant to paragraph 
        (2)(B)(ii), to prepare for the phase-in period.
            ``(6) Phase-in period.--
                    ``(A) Purpose.--The purpose of the phase-in period 
                is to allow the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to test new 
                systems and make real-time updates to improve accuracy 
                and maintain program integrity while transitioning to 
                the supplemental nutrition assistance program.
                    ``(B) Updated plan.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not later than 1 year 
                        before the anticipated start date of the phase-
                        in period, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 
                        shall submit to the Secretary--
                                    ``(I) an updated plan for the 
                                phase-in period described in paragraph 
                                (2)(B)(iii);
                                    ``(II) the anticipated covered 
                                start date; and
                                    ``(III) a draft plan of operation.
                            ``(ii) Determination.--The Secretary shall 
                        approve or disapprove the updated plan for the 
                        phase-in period and the draft plan of operation 
                        submitted under clause (i) in accordance with 
                        paragraph (3).
                    ``(C) Requirements.--During the phase-in period, 
                the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico shall carry out the 
                plans described in the transition plan pursuant to 
                paragraph (2)(B)(iii) and the updated plan submitted 
                under subparagraph (B)(i)(I), including--
                            ``(i) implementing the supplemental 
                        nutrition assistance program in a staggered 
                        manner throughout the Commonwealth of Puerto 
                        Rico;
                            ``(ii) coordinating with the Secretary to 
                        carry out subparagraph (D); and
                            ``(iii) ensuring that activities carried 
                        out during the phase-in period substantially 
                        meet the requirements for the supplemental 
                        nutrition assistance program under this Act, as 
                        determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(D) Approval of retail food stores.--On the date 
                that is 270 days before the start date of the phase-in 
                period, the Secretary shall begin accepting 
                applications from retail food stores located in the 
                Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to be authorized under 
                section 9 to participate in the supplemental nutrition 
                assistance program.
                    ``(E) Administration.--During the phase-in period, 
                the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico--
                            ``(i) may concurrently operate the program 
                        under subsections (a) through (e) until 
                        September 30 of the fiscal year of the covered 
                        start date;
                            ``(ii) shall not be subject to the 
                        requirements of section 16(c); and
                            ``(iii) shall be eligible for funding in 
                        accordance with section 16(a) for 
                        administrative costs relating to carrying out 
                        the supplemental nutrition assistance program.
            ``(7) Request for implementation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year before the 
                anticipated covered start date, the Commonwealth of 
                Puerto Rico shall submit to the Secretary a request to 
                implement the supplemental nutrition assistance 
                program, which shall include--
                            ``(i) the covered start date; and
                            ``(ii) an updated plan of operation.
                    ``(B) Determination of updated plan of operation.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not later than 90 days 
                        after the date on which the Commonwealth of 
                        Puerto Rico submits the updated plan of 
                        operation under subparagraph (A)(ii), the 
                        Secretary shall approve the updated plan of 
                        operation if the Secretary determines that--
                                    ``(I) the updated plan of operation 
                                meets the requirements of this Act; and
                                    ``(II) the Commonwealth of Puerto 
                                Rico has successfully completed a 
                                significant majority of the activities 
                                under the plan for the phase-in period.
                            ``(ii) Disapproval.--If the Secretary does 
                        not approve the updated plan of operation plan 
                        under clause (i), the Secretary shall provide a 
                        statement that describes--
                                    ``(I) the reason for the 
                                disapproval, including any aspects of 
                                the updated plan of operation that do 
                                not meet the requirements of this Act; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) the changes that the 
                                Commonwealth of Puerto Rico may make to 
                                the updated plan of operation for the 
                                Secretary to approve the updated plan 
                                of operation.
            ``(8) Certification of snap implementation by secretary.--
                    ``(A) In general.--On submission of a request by 
                the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico under paragraph (7), 
                the Secretary shall certify the Commonwealth of Puerto 
                Rico as qualified to begin full operation of the 
                supplemental nutrition assistance program if the 
                Secretary has approved the updated plan of operation 
                under subparagraph (B) of that paragraph.
                    ``(B) Certification decision.--The Secretary shall 
                certify or deny the request of the Commonwealth of 
                Puerto Rico under subparagraph (A) as soon as 
                practicable after the Secretary receives the request.
                    ``(C) Submission to congress.--The Secretary shall 
                submit a certification under subparagraph (B) to 
                Congress.
            ``(9) Quality control liability waiver.--Notwithstanding 
        section 16(c), any payment error rates by the Commonwealth of 
        Puerto Rico during the first 3 years following the covered 
        start date shall not count towards assessing a liability amount 
        under that section.
            ``(10) Family market program.--Notwithstanding subsection 
        (g), the Secretary shall allow the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 
        to continue to carry out under the supplemental nutrition 
        assistance program the Family Market Program established 
        pursuant to this section, under terms and conditions approved 
        by the Secretary.
            ``(11) Annual report.--Not later than 1 year after the 
        Secretary makes publicly available the report under paragraph 
        (4), and each year thereafter until the end of the phase-in 
        period, the Secretary shall make publicly available a report 
        with respect to the progress of the transition of the 
        Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to the supplemental nutrition 
        assistance program.
            ``(12) Transition funding.--Of amounts made available under 
        section 18(a)(1), the Secretary shall use such sums as are 
        necessary to carry out this subsection, to remain available 
        until expended.
    ``(g) Termination of Effectiveness.--Subsections (a) through (e) 
shall cease to be effective with respect to the Commonwealth of Puerto 
Rico on the covered start date (as defined in subsection (f)(1)) if a 
certification under subsection (f)(8)(C) has been submitted to 
Congress.''.

SEC. 4118. ASSISTANCE FOR COMMUNITY FOOD PROJECTS.

    Section 25(b)(2) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2034(b)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``fiscal year 2019 and 
        each fiscal year thereafter.'' and inserting ``each of fiscal 
        years 2019 through 2024; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each 
                fiscal year thereafter.''.

SEC. 4119. NUTRITION EDUCATION AND OBESITY PREVENTION GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 28 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 2036a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``or community 
                organizations'' and inserting ``community-based, 
                nongovernmental, or nonprofit organizations'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                            (i) in clause (iii)(II)(ii), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in clause (iv)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``, including 
                                standards for reporting and evaluating 
                                the effectiveness of different 
                                projects,'' before ``established''; and
                                    (II) by striking the period at the 
                                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(v) ensure, to the maximum extent 
                        practicable, that interventions consider 
                        traditional and cultural foodways appropriate 
                        for the target populations of the 
                        interventions.'';
                    (C) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``and any entity 
                that enters into an agreement with a State agency to 
                deliver services under this subsection'' after ``State 
                agencies'';
                    (D) in paragraph (6)--
                            (i) by striking ``and community 
                        organizations'' and inserting ``community-
                        based, nongovernmental, and nonprofit 
                        organizations''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting ``, including the consideration of 
                        traditional and cultural foodways appropriate 
                        for the target population of the project.''; 
                        and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(10) Option in electronic reporting system.--The 
        Secretary shall provide an option for State agencies to submit 
        information describing the successes and challenges of projects 
        and interventions through the electronic reporting system 
        described in paragraph (2)(B)(iii).'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (F)--
                            (i) by striking ``fiscal year 2016 and each 
                        subsequent fiscal year'' and inserting ``each 
                        of fiscal years 2016 through 2029''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2028, 
                in addition to the amount described in subparagraph (F) 
                for each of those fiscal years--
                            ``(i) for fiscal year 2025, $10,000,000;
                            ``(ii) for fiscal year 2026, $12,000,000;
                            ``(iii) for fiscal year 2027, $14,000,000; 
                        and
                            ``(iv) for fiscal year 2028, $16,000,000; 
                        and
                    ``(H) for fiscal year 2029 and each fiscal year 
                thereafter, the total amount reserved for the preceding 
                fiscal year, as adjusted to reflect any increases for 
                the 12-month period ending the preceding June 30 in the 
                Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published 
                by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of 
                Labor.''; and
            (3) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Emergencies and Disasters.--
            ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Emergency period.--The term `emergency 
                period' means a period during which there exists--
                            ``(i) a public health emergency declared by 
                        the Secretary of Health and Human Services 
                        under section 319 of the Public Health Service 
                        Act (42 U.S.C. 247d) or a renewal of such a 
                        public health emergency declaration;
                            ``(ii) a major disaster declared by the 
                        President under section 401 of the Robert T. 
                        Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
                        Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170); or
                            ``(iii) an emergency declared by the 
                        President under section 501 of that Act (42 
                        U.S.C. 5191).
                    ``(B) Qualified administrative requirement.--The 
                term `qualified administrative requirement' means a 
                requirement under this section or a regulatory 
                requirement promulgated pursuant to this section.
            ``(2) Modification or waiver.--Notwithstanding any other 
        provision in this Act, during an emergency period, the 
        Secretary may modify or waive for a State agency any qualified 
        administrative requirement if--
                    ``(A) the qualified administrative requirement 
                cannot be met by the State agency; and
                    ``(B) the modification or waiver of the requirement 
                is necessary to provide modified nutrition education 
                and obesity prevention programming to eligible 
                individuals during the emergency period, including by 
                offering that programming in conjunction with other 
                nutrition assistance programs.
            ``(3) Duration.--A modification or waiver made under 
        paragraph (2) may be available until the date that is 60 days 
        after the end of the applicable emergency period.''.
    (b) Implementation.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate such 
        regulations as are necessary to implement this section and the 
        amendments made by this section.
            (2) Comments.--In promulgating the regulations required 
        under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall request and consider 
        public comments on the usability of the electronic reporting 
        system described in section 28(c) of the Food and Nutrition Act 
        of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036a(c)).

SEC. 4120. RETAIL FOOD STORE AND RECIPIENT TRAFFICKING.

    Section 29 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036b) 
is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``retail food store 
        and recipient trafficking'' and inserting ``prevention of 
        trafficking and benefit theft'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by inserting ``, including benefit theft,'' 
                before ``in violation''; and
                    (B) by striking ``recipient and retail food store 
                program'' and inserting ``recipient, retail food store, 
                and electronic benefit transfer system'';
            (3) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``store and 
        recipient'' and inserting ``store, recipient, and electronic 
        benefit transfer system''; and
            (4) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``$5,000,000 for each 
        of fiscal years 2014 through 2023'' and inserting ``$10,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.

             Subtitle B--Emergency Food Assistance Program

SEC. 4201. TEFAP FARM-TO-FOOD BANK PROJECTS.

    Section 203D(d) of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 
U.S.C. 7507(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``50'' and inserting 
        ``90''; and
            (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ``$4,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``$8,000,000 for 
        fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter''.

SEC. 4202. KOSHER, HALAL, AND CULTURALLY RELEVANT FOODS PROJECTS.

    Section 203D of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 
7507) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Kosher, Halal, and Culturally Relevant Food Projects.--
            ``(1) Definition of eligible entity.--In this subsection, 
        the term `eligible entity' means--
                    ``(A) a State agency administering the program 
                established under this Act; and
                    ``(B) a private nonprofit entity, such as a 
                community-based organization, food bank, or other 
                emergency feeding organization.
            ``(2) Grants.--The Secretary shall award grants on a 
        competitive basis to eligible entities to carry out the 
        projects described in paragraph (3).
            ``(3) Projects described.--A project referred to in 
        paragraph (2) is a project to purchase for distribution under 
        the program established under this Act food that--
                    ``(A) meets 1 or more demonstrated specific needs 
                of the area served by the eligible entity; and
                    ``(B) as applicable, is--
                            ``(i) Kosher food bearing a Kosher 
                        certification;
                            ``(ii) Halal food bearing a Halal 
                        certification; or
                            ``(iii) another culturally relevant food, 
                        as determined by the Secretary.
            ``(4) Verification.--An eligible entity carrying out a 
        project using a grant awarded under paragraph (2) shall verify, 
        in accordance with a process established by the Secretary, that 
        foods purchased under the project are domestically produced.
            ``(5) Funding.--
                    ``(A) Mandatory funding.--There is appropriated, 
                out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise 
                appropriated, to the Secretary to carry out this 
                subsection $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each 
                fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until the 
                end of the subsequent fiscal year.
                    ``(B) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition 
                to amounts made available under subparagraph (A), there 
                is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
                carry out this subsection $8,000,000 for fiscal year 
                2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain 
                available until the end of the subsequent fiscal 
                year.''.

SEC. 4203. FLEXIBILITIES FOR GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED STATES AND INDIAN 
              TRIBES.

    Section 214(c) of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 
U.S.C. 7515(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Flexibilities for geographically isolated states and 
        indian tribes.--
                    ``(A) Definition of geographically isolated 
                state.--In this paragraph, the term `geographically 
                isolated State' means--
                            ``(i) the State of Hawaii;
                            ``(ii) the State of Alaska;
                            ``(iii) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
                            ``(iv) Guam;
                            ``(v) the Commonwealth of the Northern 
                        Mariana Islands; and
                            ``(vi) the Virgin Islands of the United 
                        States.
                    ``(B) Alternative delivery options.--At the request 
                of a State agency of a geographically isolated State or 
                a Tribal organization, the Secretary shall coordinate 
                with the State agency or Tribal organization to 
                establish alternative delivery options for commodities 
                allocated to that State agency or Tribal organization 
                under this section to ensure that the geographically 
                isolated State or Tribal organization is able to 
                receive those commodities.
                    ``(C) Direct purchase option.--
                            ``(i) In general.--At the request of a 
                        State agency of a geographically isolated State 
                        or a Tribal organization, the Secretary may 
                        transfer to the State agency or Tribal 
                        organization the cash value of not more than 
                        100 percent of the commodities allocated to 
                        that State agency or Tribal organization under 
                        this section to be used by the State agency or 
                        Tribal organization to procure domestically 
                        grown food in lieu of receipt of those 
                        commodities.
                            ``(ii) Plan.--A State agency or Tribal 
                        organization making a request under clause (i) 
                        shall submit to the Secretary a plan that 
                        describes how the State agency or Tribal 
                        organization will track and regularly report to 
                        the Secretary the commodity purchases made with 
                        the funds received under clause (i).''.

SEC. 4204. FRESH PRODUCE PROCUREMENT OPTION.

    Section 214(c) of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 
U.S.C. 7515(c)) (as amended by section 4203) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(4) Option for purchasing through dod fresh.--At the 
        request of a State agency, the Secretary may allow the State 
        agency to use not more than 20 percent of the cost of the 
        commodities allocated to that State agency under this section 
        to order commodities through the Department of Defense Fresh 
        Fruit and Vegetable Program.''.

SEC. 4205. EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE FOR INDIAN TRIBES.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 201A of the Emergency Food Assistance Act 
of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7501) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3)(A)--
                    (A) in clause (iv), by striking ``or'' at the end;
                    (B) in clause (v), by adding ``or'' at the end; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(vi) a Tribal organization, including any 
                        Tribal organization participating in the food 
                        distribution program on Indian reservations 
                        under section 4(b) of the Food and Nutrition 
                        Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b));'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (10) as paragraph (11); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following:
            ``(10) Tribal organization.--The term `Tribal organization' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Food and 
        Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012).''.
    (b) Indian Tribes.--The Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 is 
amended by inserting after section 202A (7 U.S.C. 7503) the following:

``SEC. 203. TRIBAL ORGANIZATION PLAN.

    ``(a) Plans.--
            ``(1) In general.--To receive commodities under this Act, a 
        Tribal organization shall submit to the Secretary an operation 
        and administration plan for the provision of benefits under 
        this Act.
            ``(2) Updates.--A Tribal organization shall submit to the 
        Secretary for approval any amendment to a plan submitted under 
        paragraph (1) in any case in which the Tribal organization 
        proposes to make a change to the operation or administration of 
        a program described in the plan.
    ``(b) Requirements.--Each plan submitted under subsection (a) 
shall--
            ``(1) designate the Tribal entity responsible for 
        distributing the commodities received under this Act;
            ``(2) set forth a plan of operation and administration to 
        expeditiously distribute commodities under this Act, which may 
        include the use of warehouses and facilities used to store food 
        under the program established under section 4(b) of the Food 
        and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b));
            ``(3) set forth the standards of eligibility for recipient 
        agencies; and
            ``(4) set forth the standards of eligibility for individual 
        or household recipients of commodities, which shall require--
                    ``(A) individuals that are, or households to be 
                composed of, needy persons; and
                    ``(B) individual or household members to be 
                residing in the geographic location served by the 
                distributing agency at the time of applying for 
                assistance.
    ``(c) Applicability.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this Act 
        or section 27 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
        2036), the provisions of this Act that apply to States with 
        plans approved under section 202A, shall, to the maximum extent 
        practicable, be applicable to Tribal organizations with plans 
        approved under this section.
            ``(2) Allotments.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall apply the 
                allocation formula under section 214(a) to allot 
                additional commodities using funding under section 
                27(a)(3) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
                U.S.C. 2036(a)(3)) to Tribal organizations with 
                approved plans under this section using the best 
                available data, as determined by the Secretary in 
                accordance with subparagraph (B), on--
                            ``(i) with respect to each applicable 
                        Indian Tribe--
                                    ``(I) the number of persons in 
                                households that have incomes below the 
                                poverty line; and
                                    ``(II) the average monthly number 
                                of unemployed persons in the Indian 
                                Tribe; and
                            ``(ii) with respect to all applicable 
                        Indian Tribes--
                                    ``(I) the number of persons in 
                                households that have incomes below the 
                                poverty line; and
                                    ``(II) the average monthly number 
                                of unemployed persons in all the Indian 
                                Tribes.
                    ``(B) Best available data.--The Secretary shall 
                determine the best available data for purposes of 
                subparagraph (A) by consulting with other Federal 
                agencies with responsibilities relating to collection 
                of data on Tribal populations, such as the Bureau of 
                the Census, the Indian Health Service, the Office of 
                Minority Health, the Administration on Native Americans 
                at the Department of Health and Human Services, the 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Center 
                for Indian Country Development at the Federal Reserve, 
                the Department of Labor, and the Department of 
                Transportation.''.

SEC. 4206. EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Availability of Commodities for Emergency Food Assistance 
Program.--Section 27(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2036(a)) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(2) Amounts.--The Secretary shall use to carry out 
        paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) for fiscal year 2025, $550,000,000;
                    ``(B) for fiscal year 2026, $565,000,000;
                    ``(C) for fiscal year 2027, $585,000,000;
                    ``(D) for fiscal year 2028, $610,000,000; and
                    ``(E) for fiscal year 2029 and each fiscal year 
                thereafter, the total dollar amount of commodities 
                specified in subparagraph (D), adjusted by the 
                percentage by which the thrifty food plan has been 
                adjusted under section 3(u)(4) to reflect changes 
                between June 30, 2027, and June 30 of the immediately 
                preceding fiscal year.
            ``(3) Amounts for tribal organizations.--The Secretary 
        shall use to carry out paragraph (1) for Tribal organizations 
        with plans approved under section 203 of the Emergency Food 
        Assistance Act of 1983--
                    ``(A) for fiscal year 2025, $55,000,000;
                    ``(B) for fiscal year 2026, $56,500,000;
                    ``(C) for fiscal year 2027, $58,000,000;
                    ``(D) for fiscal year 2028, $61,000,000; and
                    ``(E) for fiscal year 2029 and each subsequent 
                fiscal year, the total dollar amount of commodities 
                specified in subparagraph (D) adjusted by the 
                percentage by which the thrifty food plan has been 
                adjusted under section 3(u)(4) to reflect changes 
                between June 30, 2027, and June 30 of the immediately 
                preceding fiscal year.
            ``(4) Funds availability.--For purposes of the funds 
        described in this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) make the funds available for 2 fiscal years; 
                and
                    ``(B) allow States and Tribal organizations to 
                carry over unexpended balances to the next fiscal year 
                pursuant to such terms and conditions as are determined 
                by the Secretary.
            ``(5) Conversion.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may use not more 
                than 20 percent of the funds made available under 
                paragraph (2) for costs associated with the 
                distribution of commodities.
                    ``(B) Tribal organizations.--
                            ``(i) Fiscal years 2025 through 2028.--For 
                        each of fiscal years 2025 through 2028, the 
                        Secretary may use not more than 30 percent of 
                        the funds made available under paragraph (3) 
                        for costs associated with the distribution of 
                        commodities by Tribal organizations with plans 
                        approved under section 203 of the Emergency 
                        Food Assistance Act of 1983.
                            ``(ii) Fiscal year 2029 and thereafter.--
                        For fiscal year 2029 and each fiscal year 
                        thereafter, the Secretary may use not more than 
                        20 percent of the funds made available under 
                        paragraph (3) for costs associated with the 
                        distribution of commodities by Tribal 
                        organizations with plans approved under section 
                        203 of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 
                        1983.''.
    (b) Storage, Distribution, and Infrastructure Funding.--
            (1) Authorization and appropriations.--Section 204(a)(1) of 
        the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7508(a)(1)) 
        is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``(a)(1) There are'' and inserting 
                the following:
    ``(a) In General.--
            ``(1) Funds.--
                    ``(A) States.--There are'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), by 
                striking ``Funds appropriated'' in the second sentence 
                and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Tribal organizations.--In addition to the 
                amounts authorized to be appropriated in subparagraph 
                (A), there is authorized to be appropriated $50,000,000 
                for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter 
                for the Secretary to make available to Tribal 
                organizations with plans approved under section 203 to 
                pay for the direct and indirect costs of the Tribal 
                organization related to the processing, storage, 
                transportation, and distribution to eligible recipient 
                agencies of commodities provided by the Secretary under 
                this Act and commodities secured from other sources, 
                including commodities secured by gleaning (as defined 
                in section 111(a) of the Hunger Prevention Act of 1988 
                (7 U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 100-435)) and donated 
                wild game.
                    ``(C) Allocation.--Funds appropriated'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (C) (as so designated)--
                            (i) by inserting ``and Tribal 
                        organizations'' after ``States'' the first two 
                        places it appears; and
                            (ii) by striking ``States. If a State 
                        agency'' and inserting the following: ``States 
                        or Tribal organizations.
                    ``(D) Unused funds.--If a State agency or Tribal 
                organization''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (D) (as so designated), by 
                inserting ``or Tribal organizations'' before the period 
                at the end.
            (2) Emergency food program infrastructure grants.--Section 
        209 of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 
        7511a) is amended by striking subsections (a) through (d) and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year 
thereafter, the Secretary shall use funds made available under 
subsection (e) to make grants to States and Tribal organizations to pay 
the costs of activities described in subsection (d) and to pay State 
and Tribal costs associated with administering the grant.
    ``(b) Amount of Grant.--The amount of a grant received by States 
and Tribal organizations under subsection (a) shall be based on a 
formula determined by the Secretary.
    ``(c) Rural, Underserved, and Tribal Area Preference.--The 
Secretary shall ensure that a State or Tribal organization shall apply 
not less than 50 percent of the grant received under subsection (a), in 
each fiscal year, to support efforts that strengthen and expand 
emergency food assistance in rural, underserved, or Tribal communities, 
as applicable.
    ``(d) Use of Funds.--A State or Tribal organization shall use a 
grant received under subsection (a) in any fiscal year to carry out 
activities of the State or Tribal organization authorized under this 
Act or to make funds available for eligible recipient agencies to carry 
out such activities, including--
            ``(1) developing and maintaining computerized systems 
        needed to safely and efficiently distribute food to people in 
        need;
            ``(2) providing capital, infrastructure, and operating 
        costs associated with the collection, storage, distribution, 
        and transportation of commodities provided by the Secretary 
        under this Act and commodities secured from other sources;
            ``(3) improving the security and diversity of the emergency 
        food distribution and recovery systems of the United States;
            ``(4) providing recovered foods to food banks and similar 
        nonprofit, governmental, or Tribal emergency food providers to 
        reduce hunger in the United States;
            ``(5) improving the identification of--
                    ``(A) potential providers of donated foods;
                    ``(B) potential nonprofit, governmental, or Tribal 
                emergency food providers; and
                    ``(C) persons in need of emergency food assistance; 
                and
            ``(6) renovating, expanding, or repairing a facility or 
        equipment to support hunger relief agencies in the community.
    ``(e) Funding.--There are authorized to be appropriated to carry 
out this section $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
2029, to remain available until the end of the subsequent fiscal 
year.''.

              Subtitle C--Commodity Distribution Programs

SEC. 4301. COMMODITY DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM.

    Section 4(a) of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 
(7 U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 93-86) is amended, in the first 
sentence, by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 4302. COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM.

    Section 5 of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 
U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 93-86) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in each of paragraphs (1) and 
        (2)(B), by striking ``2023'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``2029'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(2), in the first sentence, by 
        striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
            (3) in subsection (g), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Exclusion of value of medicare benefits from 
        income.--In determining the income of an individual for 
        purposes of eligibility for assistance under the commodity 
        supplemental food program, a State shall exclude the value of 
        any benefits provided to the individual (or a member of the 
        individual's household) under the Medicare program under title 
        XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.).''.

SEC. 4303. DISTRIBUTION OF SURPLUS COMMODITIES TO SPECIAL NUTRITION 
              PROJECTS.

    Section 1114(a)(2)(A) of the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (7 
U.S.C. 1431e(a)(2)(A)) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

                       Subtitle D--Miscellaneous

SEC. 4401. SENIOR FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM.

    Section 4402 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 3007) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``seniors'' and 
        inserting ``senior'';
            (2) by striking ``seniors farmers' market'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``senior farmers' market'';
            (3) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``Of the funds'' and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) In general.--Of the funds'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated)--
                            (i) by inserting ``(referred to in this 
                        section as the `Secretary')'' after ``Secretary 
                        of Agriculture''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``2008 through 2023'' and 
                        inserting ``2025 through 2029''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Additional funding.--In addition to the funds made 
        available under paragraph (1), of the funds of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this 
        section $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year 
        thereafter, with priority given to expanding the senior 
        farmers' market nutrition program to States, territories, and 
        Indian Tribes that are not participants of that program as of 
        the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security 
        Act of 2024.'';
            (4) in subsection (b)(1), by inserting ``maple syrup,'' 
        after ``honey,''; and
            (5) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Waiver and modification authorities.--
                    ``(A) Innovation and program modernization.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        on request of a State, the Secretary may waive 
                        or modify a requirement under regulations 
                        promulgated pursuant to this section if the 
                        Secretary determines that the waiver or 
                        modification of the requirement would 
                        facilitate the ability of the State to carry 
                        out innovation and program modernization 
                        efforts that would improve services and 
                        redemption of benefits under the senior 
                        farmers' market nutrition program.
                            ``(ii) Exceptions.--The Secretary may not 
                        waive or modify under clause (i)--
                                    ``(I) any requirement under section 
                                249.7 of title 7, Code of Federal 
                                Regulations (or a successor 
                                regulation); or
                                    ``(II) any requirement under 
                                section 249.8(a) of title 7, Code of 
                                Federal Regulations (or a successor 
                                regulation).
                            ``(iii) Request.--To request a waiver or 
                        modification under clause (i), a State shall 
                        submit to the Secretary an application that--
                                    ``(I) identifies the requirement 
                                that is requested to be waived or 
                                modified; and
                                    ``(II) describes--
                                            ``(aa) the goal of the 
                                        waiver or modification to 
                                        improve services under the 
                                        senior farmers' market 
                                        nutrition program; and
                                            ``(bb) the expected 
                                        outcomes of the waiver or 
                                        modification.
                    ``(B) Emergencies and disasters.--
                            ``(i) Definition of emergency period.--In 
                        this subparagraph, the term `emergency period' 
                        means a period during which there exists--
                                    ``(I) a public health emergency 
                                declared by the Secretary of Health and 
                                Human Services under section 319 of the 
                                Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
                                247d) or a renewal of such a public 
                                health emergency declaration;
                                    ``(II) a major disaster declared by 
                                the President under section 401 of the 
                                Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
                                Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
                                5170); or
                                    ``(III) an emergency declared by 
                                the President under section 501 of that 
                                Act (42 U.S.C. 5191).
                            ``(ii) Modification or waiver.--The 
                        Secretary may modify or waive for a State 
                        agency any requirement under regulations 
                        promulgated pursuant to this section if--
                                    ``(I) the requirement cannot be met 
                                by the State agency during--
                                            ``(aa) any portion of an 
                                        emergency period under the 
                                        conditions that prompted the 
                                        emergency period; or
                                            ``(bb) a supply chain 
                                        disruption that significantly 
                                        affects the availability of 
                                        food eligible for purchase; and
                                    ``(II) the modification or waiver 
                                of the requirement is necessary to 
                                provide assistance under this section.
                            ``(iii) Limitations.--A modification or 
                        waiver made under clause (ii)--
                                    ``(I) may be available until the 
                                date that is 60 days after the end of 
                                the applicable emergency period or 
                                supply chain disruption;
                                    ``(II) shall not modify or waive 
                                any requirement under section 249.7 of 
                                title 7, Code of Federal Regulations 
                                (or a successor regulation); and
                                    ``(III) shall not substantially 
                                change the types of foods eligible for 
                                purchase in accordance with section 
                                249.8(a) of title 7, Code of Federal 
                                Regulations (or a successor 
                                regulation).''.

SEC. 4402. PURCHASE OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FOR DISTRIBUTION TO 
              SCHOOLS AND SERVICE INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 10603(b) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 612c-4(b)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 4403. GUS SCHUMACHER NUTRITION INCENTIVE PROGRAM.

    Section 4405 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 
U.S.C. 7517) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by redesignating paragraphs (3), 
        (4), and (5) as paragraphs (5), (3), and (4), respectively, and 
        moving the paragraphs so as to appear in numerical order;
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``subsection (c)'' and inserting ``subsection 
                        (g)'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                    (I) by striking ``(D)(iii)'' and 
                                inserting ``(D)(ii)''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``50'' and 
                                inserting ``80''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (D)--
                                    (I) in clause (i)(I), by striking 
                                ``or services'' and inserting 
                                ``services, or retailer associate 
                                wages'';
                                    (II) by striking clause (ii); and
                                    (III) by redesignating clause (iii) 
                                as clause (ii);
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(C) Restriction.--The Secretary may not require 
                that projects test innovative or promising strategies 
                or technologies.''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Cooperative agreements for expansion projects.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to the criteria and 
                priorities described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of 
                paragraph (2), respectively, beginning in fiscal year 
                2025, the Secretary may enter into a cooperative 
                agreement with a State agency administering the 
                supplemental nutrition assistance program, or a 
                nonprofit entity in partnership with such a State 
                agency, for a project that--
                            ``(i) is proposed by a State agency or 
                        nonprofit entity that--
                                    ``(I) has previously received a 
                                large-scale grant under this 
                                subsection;
                                    ``(II) has a demonstrated record 
                                for launching and maintaining projects 
                                described in paragraph (2)(A)(ii); and
                                    ``(III) has the project design, 
                                infrastructure, and administrative 
                                support necessary for project 
                                implementation in, as applicable, a 
                                State, region, or Indian lands;
                            ``(ii) will expand participation and access 
                        levels in a State, region, or land of an Indian 
                        Tribe compared to the existing project carried 
                        out by the State agency or nonprofit entity 
                        using the grant described in clause (i)(I);
                            ``(iii) will allocate, by the fourth year 
                        of the cooperative agreement, not less than 90 
                        percent of the amount of the cooperative 
                        agreement to providing direct incentives to 
                        households participating in the supplemental 
                        nutrition assistance program;
                            ``(iv) will be carried out in a variety of 
                        retail settings; and
                            ``(v) will be for a duration of not less 
                        than 4 years.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--For the period of fiscal years 
                2025 through 2029, the Secretary may enter into new 
                cooperative agreements under this paragraph for a total 
                of not more than 15 projects.'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (5) as 
                paragraphs (3) through (6), respectively;
                    (B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a grant 
        program--
                    ``(A) that meets the purposes described in 
                paragraph (2); and
                    ``(B) under which the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) award grants of not more than 
                        $400,000 per project to 1 or more eligible 
                        entities--
                                    ``(I) to study previously unknown 
                                facts about designing produce 
                                prescription projects;
                                    ``(II) to establish or validate 
                                best practices for produce prescription 
                                projects; or
                                    ``(III) to establish infrastructure 
                                that aids Federally-qualified health 
                                centers described in subsection 
                                (a)(3)(B) and independent produce 
                                retailers, including direct marketing 
                                farmers, in carrying out produce 
                                prescription projects; and
                            ``(ii) award grants of not less than 
                        $1,000,000 per project to 1 or more eligible 
                        entities--
                                    ``(I) that have a demonstrated 
                                ability to expand clinical research on 
                                the value of delivering a produce 
                                prescription project through healthcare 
                                partners; and
                                    ``(II) to carry out produce 
                                prescription projects that--
                                            ``(aa) demonstrate and 
                                        evaluate the impact of the 
                                        projects on each of the 
                                        purposes of the program 
                                        described in paragraph (2);
                                            ``(bb) have a minimum 
                                        intervention cohort of 300 
                                        patients;
                                            ``(cc) compare intervention 
                                        results to a control group;
                                            ``(dd) have an intervention 
                                        duration of not less than 12 
                                        months; and
                                            ``(ee) have demonstrated 
                                        the ability to scale when 
                                        delivered through healthcare 
                                        partners.
            ``(2) Program purposes.--The purposes of the grant program 
        established under paragraph (1) are--
                    ``(A) to improve dietary health through increased 
                consumption of fruits and vegetables;
                    ``(B) to reduce individual and household food 
                insecurity; and
                    ``(C) to optimize healthcare use and associated 
                costs.'';
                    (C) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) by striking subparagraph (A) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--An eligible entity seeking a 
                grant under paragraph (1) shall submit to the Secretary 
                an application containing such information as the 
                Secretary may require, including the information 
                described in subparagraph (B).'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) in clause (i), by striking 
                                ``paragraph (2)'' and inserting 
                                ``paragraph (3)''; and
                                    (II) in clause (ii)(I)(cc), by 
                                striking ``subparagraphs (A) through 
                                (C) of paragraph (1)'' and inserting 
                                ``items (aa) through (dd) of paragraph 
                                (1)(B)(ii)(II), if applicable''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Priority.--In awarding grants under this 
                subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to 
                produce prescription projects that include multiple 
                locations or a variety of locations at which produce 
                prescriptions may be redeemed.
                    ``(D) Panel to review applications.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                        establish a panel--
                                    ``(I) to review applications 
                                submitted to the Secretary pursuant to 
                                this paragraph; and
                                    ``(II) to make recommendations to 
                                the Secretary with respect to those 
                                applications.
                            ``(ii) Reviewers.--The panel established 
                        under clause (i) shall include--
                                    ``(I) at least 1 individual with 
                                experience as a healthcare provider;
                                    ``(II) at least 1 individual with 
                                experience administering health plans; 
                                and
                                    ``(III) at least 1 individual with 
                                experience providing healthcare in 
                                community-based health clinics.''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) Definition of produce prescription project.--In this 
        subsection, the term `produce prescription project' means a 
        project under which an eligible entity--
                    ``(A) prescribes fruits and vegetables to members;
                    ``(B) provides financial or nonfinancial incentives 
                for members to purchase or procure fruits and 
                vegetables; and
                    ``(C) may--
                            ``(i) provide educational resources on 
                        nutrition to members; and
                            ``(ii) establish additional accessible 
                        locations for members to procure fruits and 
                        vegetables.'';
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``and cooperative 
                                agreements'' after ``grants''; and
                                    (II) by inserting ``as 
                                applicable,'' before ``including'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding clause 
                                (i), by striking ``grantees'' and 
                                inserting ``recipients of grants and 
                                cooperative agreements'';
                                    (II) in clause (ii), by striking 
                                ``grantee projects'' and inserting 
                                ``the projects of those recipients'';
                                    (III) in clause (iii)--
                                            (aa) by striking 
                                        ``grantees'' and inserting 
                                        ``those recipients''; and
                                            (bb) by striking ``and'' at 
                                        the end;
                                    (IV) by redesignating clauses (iv) 
                                and (v) as clauses (v) and (vi), 
                                respectively; and
                                    (V) by inserting after clause (iii) 
                                the following:
                            ``(iv) developing training and guidance, in 
                        conjunction with the Food and Nutrition 
                        Service, on providing, and promoting the 
                        provision of, direct incentives to participants 
                        electronically, such as through the electronic 
                        benefit transfer system of a State agency;''; 
                        and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B)(iii)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding 
                                subclause (I)--
                                            (aa) by striking 
                                        ``grantees'' and inserting 
                                        ``those recipients''; and
                                            (bb) by striking ``grant 
                                        outcomes'' and inserting 
                                        ``project outcomes''; and
                                    (II) in subclause (II), by 
                                inserting ``or cooperative agreement'' 
                                after ``grant''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(C) Commitment.--Any organization entering into a 
                cooperative agreement with the Secretary under this 
                paragraph shall commit--
                            ``(i) to working collaboratively and 
                        sharing appropriate data with any other 
                        organization entering into a cooperative 
                        agreement with the Secretary under this 
                        paragraph; and
                            ``(ii) to the maximum extent practicable, 
                        to providing 1-on-1 technical assistance to 
                        applicants for grants and cooperative 
                        agreements under subsections (b) and (c).'';
            (5) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g);
            (6) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
    ``(f) Policies and Procedures.--The Secretary shall establish 
policies and procedures--
            ``(1) to require coordination between the appropriate 
        partner agencies within the Department of Agriculture--
                    ``(A) that allows reasonable timeframes for each 
                agency to review applications for grants and 
                cooperative agreements under subsections (b) and (c) to 
                ensure that eligible entities receiving those grants or 
                cooperative agreements--
                            ``(i) meet the grant administration 
                        requirements; and
                            ``(ii) comply with the applicable statutory 
                        and regulatory requirements for the 
                        supplemental nutrition assistance program; and
            ``(2) relating to conflicts of interest, including 
        prohibiting any individual from reviewing or selecting eligible 
        entities to receive grants under this section if the financial 
        interest of that individual would directly or predictably be 
        affected by such a grant.''; and
            (7) in subsection (g) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by redesignating the second 
                        subparagraph (C) (relating to fiscal year 2019) 
                        through subparagraph (G) as subparagraphs (D) 
                        through (H), respectively;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (G) (as so 
                        redesignated), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (H) (as so 
                        redesignated), by striking ``fiscal year 2023 
                        and each fiscal year thereafter.'' and 
                        inserting ``each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024; 
                        and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(I) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each 
                fiscal year thereafter.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                        ``2029'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking 
                        ``2023.'' and inserting ``2029; and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent 
                practicable, use for cooperative agreements under 
                subsection (b)(3) not less than $75,000,000 for fiscal 
                year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter.''.

SEC. 4404. HEALTHY DAIRY NUTRITION INCENTIVES PROJECTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 4208 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 
2018 (7 U.S.C. 2026a) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``fluid milk'' and 
        inserting ``dairy nutrition'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in each of paragraphs (1) through (3), by 
                striking the comma and inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``for any age 
                group'' after ``recommendations'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (4) as 
                clauses (i) through (iv), respectively, and indenting 
                appropriately; and
                    (D) by striking the subsection designation and 
                heading and all that follows through ``the term'' in 
                the matter preceding paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Dairy product.--The term `dairy product' means a 
        product--
                    ``(A) for which cow's milk is listed as--
                            ``(i) the first ingredient on the labeled 
                        ingredients list of the product; or
                            ``(ii) the second ingredient on the labeled 
                        ingredients list of the product, if the first 
                        listed ingredient is water;
                    ``(B) that is consistent with the most recent 
                dietary recommendations for any age group; and
                    ``(C) that is without flavoring or sweeteners.
            ``(2) Fluid milk.--The term'';
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``of Agriculture'';
                    (B) by striking ``healthy fluid milk incentive 
                projects'' and inserting ``healthy dairy nutrition 
                incentive projects'';
                    (C) by inserting ``and dairy products'' before ``by 
                members of households''; and
                    (D) by inserting ``and dairy products'' before ``at 
                the point of purchase'';
            (4) in subsection (c)(3), by inserting ``and dairy 
        products'' after ``fluid milk'';
            (5) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``fluid milk'' 
                and inserting ``dairy nutrition''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``31 of 2020'' and inserting 
                        ``31, 2026''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraphs (A) and (B)--
                                    (I) by striking ``fluid milk'' each 
                                place it appears and inserting ``dairy 
                                nutrition''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``, and'' each 
                                place it appears and inserting ``; 
                                and''; and
            (6) in subsection (e)(1), by inserting ``for each of fiscal 
        years 2025 through 2029'' before ``to carry out''.
    (b) Effect on Healthy Fluid Milk Incentive Projects.--In carrying 
out the amendments made by subsection (a), the Secretary shall ensure 
that there is no interruption in any project carried out under section 
4208 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2026a) (as in 
effect before October 1, 2025) until the conclusion of the grant terms 
of that project.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall 
take effect on October 1, 2025.

SEC. 4405. HEALTHY FOOD FINANCING INITIATIVE.

    Section 243 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act (7 
U.S.C. 6953) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the following:
    ``(d) Program Evaluation.--Not later than 4 years after the date of 
enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the 
Secretary, in coordination with the national fund manager and the 
Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, shall complete and 
publish an evaluation of the program established under this section--
            ``(1) based on a random sample of funded projects; and
            ``(2) that measures, at a minimum, the short-term and long-
        term impacts of a funded project on access to healthy foods in 
        the applicable community.
    ``(e) Funding.--
            ``(1) In general.--There is appropriated to carry out this 
        section, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise 
        appropriated, $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal 
        year thereafter.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to 
        amounts made available under paragraph (1), there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section 
        $125,000,000, to remain available until expended.
            ``(3) Use of funds.--Of the funds made available under this 
        subsection, the Secretary shall use not more than $2,000,000 to 
        carry out subsection (d) for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029.''.

SEC. 4406. MICROGRANTS FOR FOOD SECURITY.

    Section 4206 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 
7518) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c), by striking ``distribution of 
        subgrants'' and inserting ``and noncompetitive distribution of 
        subgrants or other financial assistance'';
            (2) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (3);
            (3) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and 
                Other Financial Assistance'' after ``Subgrants'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), in the matter 
                        preceding clause (i), by inserting ``or other 
                        financial assistance provided'' after 
                        ``subgrant'';
                            (ii) by striking subparagraph (B);
                            (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as 
                        subparagraph (B); and
                            (iv) in subparagraph (B) (as so 
                        redesignated), by inserting ``or other 
                        financial assistance provided'' after 
                        ``subgrant'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``distribution of subgrants 
                        under subsection (c)'' and inserting ``and 
                        noncompetitive distribution of subgrants or 
                        other financial assistance under this 
                        section''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``or 
                        other financial assistance provided'' after 
                        ``subgrant'';
                    (D) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or other 
                financial assistance under this section'' after 
                ``subgrants'';
                    (E) in paragraph (4), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by inserting ``or other financial 
                assistance provided'' after ``subgrant''; and
                    (F) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``or other 
                financial assistance'' after ``subgrant'';
            (4) in subsection (f)(1)--
                    (A) by inserting ``or other financial assistance'' 
                after ``subgrant'' each place it appears; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``subgrants by 
                eligible entities'' and inserting ``subgrant or other 
                financial assistance by the eligible entity''; and
            (5) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``fiscal year 2019 
        and'' and inserting ``each of fiscal years 2019 through 2024, 
        and $30,000,000 for''.

SEC. 4407. STUDY AND REPORT ON NUTRITION PROGRAMS IN GEOGRAPHICALLY 
              ISOLATED STATES.

    (a) Definition of Geographically Isolated State.--In this section, 
the term ``geographically isolated State'' has the meaning given the 
term in paragraph (3)(A) of section 214(c) of the Emergency Food 
Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7515(c)) (as added by section 4203).
    (b) Study.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a 
study on all nutrition programs (excluding child nutrition programs) 
administered by the Secretary to evaluate whether those nutrition 
programs are working effectively and equitably within geographically 
isolated States, as compared to those nutrition programs operating 
within the continental United States, including whether--
            (1) there are unique challenges that result from the 
        particular location of a geographically isolated State, 
        including the availability of food price data and whether the 
        food price data used by the Department of Agriculture are 
        reflective of food costs in the geographically isolated State;
            (2) the needs of different communities are being addressed 
        by those nutrition programs; and
            (3) language barriers are preventing individuals in any 
        geographically isolated State from accessing a nutrition 
        program.
    (c) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        completion of the study under subsection (b), the Comptroller 
        General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on 
        Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a 
        report describing the results of the study.
            (2) Recommendations.--If the Comptroller General of the 
        United States determines under the study under subsection (b) 
        that nutrition programs administered by the Secretary are not 
        working effectively and equitably within geographically 
        isolated States, as compared to the operation of those 
        nutrition programs within the continental United States 
        (including with respect to food price data and whether the food 
        price data used by the Department of Agriculture accurately 
        reflect food costs in each geographically isolated State), the 
        report under paragraph (1) shall include such legislative and 
        other recommendations as the Comptroller General determines 
        would result in those programs working effectively and 
        equitably within geographically isolated States.

SEC. 4408. STREAMLINING APPLICATION PROCESS FOR DIRECT MARKETING 
              FARMERS IN NUTRITION PROGRAMS.

    (a) Definition of Covered Nutrition Program.--In this section, the 
term ``covered nutrition program'' means--
            (1) the supplemental nutrition assistance program 
        established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
        2011 et seq.);
            (2) the senior farmers' market nutrition program 
        established under section 4402 of the Farm Security and Rural 
        Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 3007); and
            (3) any other nutrition program, as determined by the 
        Secretary.
    (b) Streamlined Application Process.--Not later than 2 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a 
streamlined application process for direct marketing farmers to apply 
to be authorized to sell eligible foods under each of the covered 
nutrition programs by developing, to the maximum extent practicable--
            (1) a single application that a direct marketing farmer may 
        use to apply to each of the covered nutrition programs; or
            (2) an information-sharing system that--
                    (A) notifies and shares the necessary and 
                appropriate information of a direct marketing farmer 
                who is approved to be authorized to sell eligible foods 
                under a covered nutrition program with each of the 
                other covered nutrition programs such that another 
                covered nutrition program is prompted to determine the 
                eligibility of the direct marketing farmer to be 
                authorized to sell eligible foods under that covered 
                nutrition program; and
                    (B) meets appropriate security standards, as 
                established by the Secretary.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 30 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on 
Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report that--
            (1) describes the extent to which the Secretary was able to 
        develop a single application or information-sharing system 
        under subsection (b); and
            (2) identifies any statutory, regulatory, and operational 
        barriers to implementing subsection (b).
    (d) Coordination.--The Secretary shall carry out this section in 
coordination with the Office of Customer Experience and the Office of 
Digital Services of the Department of Agriculture.
    (e) Funding.--
            (1) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section 
        $5,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.
            (2) Appropriation in advance.--Only funds appropriated 
        under paragraph (1) in advance specifically to carry out this 
        section shall be available to carry out this section.

SEC. 4409. NUTRITION SECURITY REPORT.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Food security.--The term ``food security'' means access 
        by all people at all times to enough food for an active, 
        healthy life.
            (2) Nutrition security.--The term ``nutrition security'' 
        means consistent and equitable access to healthy, safe, and 
        affordable foods essential to optimal health and well-being.
            (3) Supplemental nutrition assistance program.--The term 
        ``supplemental nutrition assistance program'' means the 
        supplemental nutrition assistance program established under the 
        Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.).
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the 
Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and make 
publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture, a 
report on food security and nutrition security in the United States.
    (c) Contents.--Each report submitted under subsection (b) shall 
include, for the period covered by the report--
            (1) an analysis of the food security, nutrition security, 
        and diet quality of participants and nonparticipants in the 
        supplemental nutrition assistance program;
            (2)(A) a summary of changes made to the supplemental 
        nutrition assistance program that are intended to improve food 
        security, nutrition security, and diet quality; and
            (B) an analysis of the impact and effectiveness of those 
        changes on food security, nutrition security, and diet quality; 
        and
            (3) recommendations for additional authority to be provided 
        to the Secretary to improve food security, nutrition security, 
        and diet quality for participants in the supplemental nutrition 
        assistance program.
    (d) Appropriations.--There are appropriated, out of any funds in 
the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as are necessary to 
carry out this section for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year 
thereafter.

SEC. 4410. SENIOR NUTRITION TASK FORCE.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Disability.--The term ``disability'' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 3 of the Americans with Disabilities 
        Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12102).
            (2) Older person.--The term ``older person'' has the 
        meaning given the term ``older individual'' in section 102 of 
        the Older Americans Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3002).
            (3) Task force.--The term ``Task Force'' means the 
        Interagency Task Force to Address Hunger and Promote Access to 
        Healthy Food Among Older Adults and Adults with Disabilities 
        established by subsection (b).
    (b) Establishment.--There is established a task force, to be known 
as the ``Interagency Task Force to Address Hunger and Promote Access to 
Healthy Food Among Older Adults and Adults with Disabilities''.
    (c) Members.--
            (1) In general.--The members of the Task Force shall be the 
        following:
                    (A) The Secretary (or a designee).
                    (B) The Secretary of Health and Human Services (or 
                a designee).
                    (C) The Secretary of Transportation (or a 
                designee).
                    (D) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs (or a 
                designee).
                    (E) The Administrator of the Food and Nutrition 
                Service (or a designee).
                    (F) The Administrator of the Administration for 
                Community Living (or a designee).
                    (G) The Administrator for Independent Living within 
                the Administration for Community Living (or a 
                designee).
                    (H) The Administrator of the Health Resources and 
                Services Administration (or a designee).
                    (I) The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development 
                (or a designee).
                    (J) The Commissioner of the Social Security 
                Administration (or a designee).
                    (K) The Assistant Secretary for Planning and 
                Evaluation (or a designee).
                    (L) The Director of the Centers for Disease Control 
                and Prevention (or a designee).
                    (M) The Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and 
                Substance Use (or a designee).
                    (N) The Surgeon General (or a designee).
                    (O) The Deputy Administrator for Medicare and 
                Medicaid Innovation (or a designee).
                    (P) The Director of the Office on Nutrition 
                Research of the National Institutes of Health (or a 
                designee).
                    (Q) The Director of the Indian Health Service (or a 
                designee).
                    (R) The Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
                Management Agency (or a designee).
                    (S) The head of any other relevant Federal 
                department or agency, as determined appropriate by the 
                Secretary, and appointed by the President.
                    (T) At least 2 older persons, appointed by the 
                President, who are recipients of Federal nutrition 
                benefits, as determined by the President.
                    (U) At least 2 adults with disabilities, appointed 
                by the President, who are recipients of Federal 
                nutrition benefits, as determined by the President.
                    (V) At least 2 members of grandfamilies or kinship 
                families, appointed by the President, who are 
                recipients of Federal nutrition benefits, as determined 
                by the President.
                    (W) At least 1 representative, appointed by the 
                President, from a national older adult nutrition 
                organization.
                    (X) At least 1 representative, appointed by the 
                President, from a national organization that addresses 
                hunger among adults with disabilities.
                    (Y) At least 1 representative, appointed by the 
                President, from a national antihunger organization.
            (2) Chairperson.--The Chairperson of the Task Force shall 
        be the Secretary (or a designee).
            (3) Vice chairperson.--The Vice Chairperson of the Task 
        Force shall be the Administrator of the Administration for 
        Community Living (or a designee).
    (d) Duties.--The duties of the Task Force shall be the following:
            (1) Identify, promote, coordinate, and disseminate 
        information and resources and other available best practices--
                    (A) to address hunger, food insecurity, and 
                malnutrition among older adults and adults with 
                disabilities; and
                    (B) to increase access to healthy foods.
            (2) Measure and evaluate progress in--
                    (A) addressing hunger, food insecurity, and 
                malnutrition among older adults and adults with 
                disabilities; and
                    (B) increasing access to healthy, affordable, and 
                local or regional food for older adults and adults with 
                disabilities.
            (3) Examine interagency opportunities--
                    (A) to collaboratively address hunger, food 
                insecurity, and malnutrition among older adults and 
                adults with disabilities;
                    (B) to promote access to healthy, affordable, and 
                local or regional food for older adults and adults with 
                disabilities; and
                    (C) to foster participation across Federal 
                nutrition services.
            (4) Examine challenges to interagency efforts to carry out 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (3).
    (e) Report.--Not later than September 30, 2027, the Task Force 
shall submit to Congress a report that describes--
            (1) best practices for addressing hunger, food insecurity, 
        and malnutrition and promoting access to healthy, affordable, 
        and local or regional food among older adults and adults with 
        disabilities;
            (2) recommendations to support interagency efforts to 
        address hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition and promote 
        access to healthy, affordable, and local or regional food among 
        older adults and adults with disabilities;
            (3) existing barriers to promoting interagency 
        collaboration to address hunger, food insecurity, and 
        malnutrition and access to healthy, affordable, and local or 
        regional food among older adults and adults with disabilities; 
        and
            (4) innovative practices to address hunger, food 
        insecurity, and malnutrition and promote access to healthy, 
        affordable, and local or regional food among older adults and 
        adults with disabilities.

SEC. 4411. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

    (a) Section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012) 
is amended by striking subsection (g) and inserting the following:
    ``(g) Reserved.--''.
    (b) Section 5(d) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2014(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``law)'' and all that 
        follows through the semicolon at the end and inserting 
        ``law);''; and
            (2) in paragraph (12), by striking ``3312'' and inserting 
        ``5312''.
    (c) Section 6(r)(1)(A)(iv) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
U.S.C. 2015(r)(1)(A)(iv)) is amended by inserting ``section'' before 
``40002(a)''.
    (d) Section 7 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2016) 
(as amended by section 4107(a)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking ``subsection 
                (h)(13)'' and inserting ``subsection (h)(12)'';
                    (B) by striking paragraph (3); and
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (6) as 
                paragraphs (3) through (5), respectively;
            (2) in subsection (h)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (5);
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (6) through (14) as 
                paragraphs (5) through (13), respectively; and
                    (C) in paragraph (11) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking subparagraph (D); and
            (3) in subsection (j)(1)(A), by striking ``subsection 
        (h)(11)(A)'' and inserting ``subsection (h)(10)(A)''.
    (e) Section 12 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2021) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), in the matter 
                        preceding clause (i)--
                                    (I) by striking ``the purchase of 
                                coupons or trafficking in coupons or 
                                authorization cards'' and inserting 
                                ``trafficking related to benefits''; 
                                and
                                    (II) by striking ``such purchase of 
                                coupons or trafficking in coupons or 
                                cards'' and inserting ``such occasion 
                                of trafficking related to benefits''; 
                                and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``coupons'' and inserting ``benefits''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``coupons'' and 
                inserting ``benefits'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(4), by striking ``coupons'' each 
        place it appears and inserting ``benefits'';
            (3) in subsection (e), by striking paragraph (3); and
            (4) in subsection (f), in the first sentence, by striking 
        ``food coupons'' and inserting ``benefits''.
    (f) Section 3(9)(B) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 
U.S.C. 622(9)(B)) is amended by striking ``the food stamp program'' and 
inserting ``the supplemental nutrition assistance program established 
under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.)''.

SEC. 4412. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    Except as otherwise provided, this title and the amendments made by 
this title shall take effect on October 1, 2025.

                            TITLE V--CREDIT

                    Subtitle A--Farm Ownership Loans

SEC. 5101. MODIFICATION OF EXPERIENCE ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENT FOR FARM 
              OWNERSHIP LOANS.

    (a) Persons Eligible for Real Estate Loans.--Section 302 of the 
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1922) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1), in the second sentence, by 
        striking ``without regard to any lapse between farming 
        experiences,''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may make a direct loan 
        under this subtitle only to a farmer or rancher who has at 
        least 1 year of experience substantially participating in the 
        management and business operations of a farm or ranch, as 
        determined by the Secretary, or has other acceptable education 
        or experience, as determined by the Secretary.''; and
                    (B) by striking paragraphs (3) and (4) and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(3) Waiver authority.--In the case of a qualified 
        beginning farmer or rancher, the Secretary may waive the 1-year 
        requirement described in paragraph (1) if the qualified 
        beginning farmer or rancher has an established relationship 
        with an individual who has experience in farming or ranching, 
        or with a local farm or ranch operator or organization, 
        approved by the Secretary and committed to mentoring the 
        qualified beginning farmer or rancher.''.
    (b) Allowed Purposes of Loans.--Section 303(a) of the Consolidated 
Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1923(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(D), by striking ``described in section 
        304''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(D), by striking ``described in section 
        304''.

SEC. 5102. CONSERVATION AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE LOAN AND LOAN 
              GUARANTEE PROGRAM.

    (a) Conservation Plan.--Section 304(b)(3) of the Consolidated Farm 
and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924(b)(3)) is amended by--
            (1) redesignating subparagraphs (F) and (G) as 
        subparagraphs (G) and (H), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the following:
                    ``(F) the adoption of precision agriculture 
                practices and the acquisition of precision agriculture 
                technology;''.
    (b) Priority.--Section 304(d) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``1985.'' and inserting 
        ``1985 (16 U.S.C. 3812); and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) producers who use the loans to adopt precision 
        agriculture practices or acquire precision agriculture 
        technology, including adoption or acquisition for the purpose 
        of participating in the environmental quality incentives 
        program under subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title 
        XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa et 
        seq.).''.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 304(h) of the 
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924(h)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (d) Conforming Amendment.--Section 304 of the Consolidated Farm and 
Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924) is amended, in the section 
heading, by inserting ``and precision agriculture'' after 
``conservation''.

SEC. 5103. LIMITATIONS ON AMOUNT OF FARM OWNERSHIP LOANS.

    (a) In General.--Section 305 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1925) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections 
        (c) and (d), respectively;
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting ``Except as 
                provided in subsection (b), the Secretary''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``$600,000, or, 
                in the case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, 
                $1,750,000 (increased, beginning with fiscal year 
                2019'' and inserting ``$850,000, or, in the case of a 
                loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $3,000,000 
                (increased, beginning with fiscal year 2025''; and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Refinanced Guaranteed Loans.--In the case of a direct loan 
refinancing a guaranteed loan pursuant to section 303(a)(1)(F), the 
Secretary may make a loan equal to the unpaid indebtedness of the 
borrower.''.
    (b) Inflation Percentage.--Section 305 of the Consolidated Farm and 
Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1925) is amended, in subsection (d) (as 
redesignated by subsection (a)(1))--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``of the Prices Paid By 
        Farmers Index (as compiled by the National Agricultural 
        Statistics Service of the Department of Agriculture) for the 
        12-month period ending on July 31 of the immediately preceding 
        fiscal year'' and inserting ``of the per acre average United 
        States farm real estate value for the preceding year (as 
        published in the applicable Agricultural Land Values report of 
        the National Agricultural Statistics Service of the Department 
        of Agriculture)''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``of such index (as so 
        defined) for the 12-month period that immediately precedes the 
        12-month period described in paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``of 
        the per acre average United States farm real estate value for 
        the year immediately preceding the year described in paragraph 
        (1) (as so published)''.

SEC. 5104. REFINANCING OF GUARANTEED LOANS INTO DIRECT LOANS.

    (a) In General.--Section 303(a)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and 
Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1923(a)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (E)(ii), by striking the period at the 
        end and inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) refinancing a guaranteed loan described in 
                paragraph (2), if the Secretary determines that--
                            ``(i) the guaranteed loan is distressed;
                            ``(ii) the borrower on that guaranteed loan 
                        has attempted to work with the lender and has 
                        been unsuccessful;
                            ``(iii) the borrower has a reasonable 
                        chance for success of the operation financed by 
                        the guaranteed loan; and
                            ``(iv) the refinanced loan will have no 
                        more than a minimal impact on the loan programs 
                        of the Farm Service Agency.''.
    (b) Guaranteed Loans.--Section 309(h) of the Consolidated Farm and 
Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1929(h)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4), by striking ``the principal and 
        interest due on''; and
            (2) in paragraph (6), by striking the paragraph heading and 
        inserting ``Guaranteed loans to down payment loan program 
        participants guaranteed up to 95 percent''.

SEC. 5105. DOWN PAYMENT LOAN PROGRAM.

    Section 310E(b)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1935(b)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) by inserting ``, subject to section 305(a),'' 
                after ``exceed''; and
                    (B) by striking ``least'' and inserting ``lesser'';
            (2) in subparagraph (A), by adding ``or'' after the 
        semicolon at the end;
            (3) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; or'' and inserting 
        a period; and
            (4) by striking subparagraph (C).

SEC. 5106. SUPPORT FOR RESOLVING OWNERSHIP AND SUCCESSION ISSUES 
              RELATING TO FARMLAND.

    Section 310I of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1936c) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``relend the funds to 
        individuals and entities'' and inserting ``use the funds'';
            (2) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Eligible Purposes.--An eligible entity that receives a loan 
made by the Secretary pursuant to subsection (a)--
            ``(1) shall relend the proceeds from the loan for projects 
        that assist heirs with undivided ownership interests to resolve 
        ownership and succession on farmland that has multiple owners; 
        and
            ``(2) may use not more than 25 percent of the amount of the 
        loan to pay administrative costs of relending the proceeds.''; 
        and
            (3) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking ``be''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) The Secretary may forgive, as the Secretary 
        determines appropriate, the amount of a loan used to pay 
        administrative costs of relending the proceeds from the 
        loan.''.
            (4) by striking subsection (f) and inserting the following:
    ``(f) Reports.--
            ``(1) Reports of eligible entities.--Each eligible entity 
        that receives a loan under this section shall submit to the 
        Secretary an annual report that--
                    ``(A) describes the progress and outcomes of the 
                activities conducted by the eligible entity pursuant to 
                the loan using funding provided under this section, 
                including--
                            ``(i) the number of individuals who 
                        received assistance from the eligible entity;
                            ``(ii) the number of individuals whose farm 
                        ownership interests were resolved; and
                            ``(iii) the number of individual heirs 
                        involved in each case involving undivided 
                        ownership; and
                    ``(B) the number of requests for assistance 
                received by the eligible entity.
            ``(2) Report by the secretary.--Not later than September 
        30, 2027, the Secretary shall make publicly available a report 
        that--
                    ``(A) identifies--
                            ``(i) each eligible entity that received a 
                        loan under this section;
                            ``(ii) the number of individuals whose 
                        farmland ownership interests were resolved by 
                        each eligible entity identified under clause 
                        (i); and
                            ``(iii) the number of individual heirs 
                        affected by the resolution of those ownership 
                        interests;
                    ``(B) describes the operation and outcomes of the 
                projects and activities carried out by eligible 
                entities under this section; and
                    ``(C) includes recommendations on how to strengthen 
                the programs carried out by the Secretary under 
                subsection (a).''; and
            (5) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking the subsection designation and 
                heading and all that follows through ``There'' and 
                inserting the following:
    ``(g) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry 
        out this section $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each 
        fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to 
        other amounts available to the Secretary, there''.

                      Subtitle B--Operating Loans

SEC. 5201. LIMITATION ON AMOUNT OF OPERATING LOANS.

    Section 313(a)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``$400,000, or, in the 
case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $1,750,000 (increased, 
beginning with fiscal year 2019'' and inserting ``$750,000, or, in the 
case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $2,600,000 (increased, 
beginning with fiscal year 2026''.

SEC. 5202. ELIGIBILITY FOR OPERATING LOANS.

    Section 311 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1941) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1), in the second sentence, by 
        striking ``without regard to any lapse between farming 
        experiences,'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``4-H Clubs, Future 
        Farmers of America'' and inserting ``4-H clubs, National FFA 
        Organization chapters''; and
            (3) by striking subsection (c).

SEC. 5203. MICROLOANS.

    (a) In General.--Section 313(c) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``$50,000'' and inserting 
        ``$100,000''; and
            (2) in paragraph (4)(A), in the matter preceding clause 
        (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Interest Rate.--Section 316(a)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and 
Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1946(a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) by striking ``2501(e)'' and inserting 
                ``2501(a)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2279(e)),'' and inserting 
                ``2279(a)),''; and
            (2) by striking ``not be--'' in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A) and all that follows through the period at the 
        end of subparagraph (B) and inserting ``be equal to the 
        interest rate for direct farm operating loans under this 
        subtitle, not to exceed 5 percent per year.''.

                      Subtitle C--Emergency Loans

SEC. 5301. EMERGENCY LOAN DETERMINATION FACTORS.

    Section 322 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1962) is amended--
            (1) by striking the section designation and all that 
        follows through ``For'' in subsection (a) and inserting the 
        following:

``SEC. 322. LOAN DETERMINATION FACTORS.

    ``For''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (b).

SEC. 5302. ELIGIBILITY FOR ASSISTANCE BASED ON PRODUCTION LOSS.

    Section 329 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1970) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking ``at least 
a 30 per centum loss of normal per acre or per animal production, or 
such lesser per centum of loss as the Secretary may determine, as a 
result of the disaster based upon the average monthly price in effect 
for the previous year'' and inserting ``a qualifying production loss, 
as determined by the Secretary, as a result of a disaster,''.

                 Subtitle D--Administrative Provisions

SEC. 5401. DISTRESSED BORROWERS.

    Section 331 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1981) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Distressed Borrowers.--
            ``(1) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to 
        amounts otherwise available, there is authorized to be 
        appropriated $250,000,000 to provide payments to, for the cost 
        of loan modifications for, or to carry out subsection (b)(4) 
        with respect to distressed borrowers of direct or guaranteed 
        loans administered by the Farm Service Agency under subtitle A, 
        B, or C.
            ``(2) Cash flow-based assistance.--In using funds 
        appropriated under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide 
        relief to those borrowers whose agricultural operations are at 
        financial risk as expeditiously as possible, including through 
        indefinite extension of the Cash Flow-Based Assistance and 
        Distressed Borrower Set-Aside Program, as determined by the 
        Secretary.''.

SEC. 5402. BEGINNING FARMER AND RANCHER INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT ACCOUNTS 
              PILOT PROGRAM.

    Section 333B(h) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1983b(h)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 5403. LOAN AUTHORIZATION LEVELS.

    Section 346(b)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(1)) is amended, in the matter preceding 
subparagraph (A), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 5404. DEFINITION OF QUALIFIED BEGINNING FARMER OR RANCHER.

    Section 343(a)(11) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(11)) is amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraphs (C) and (D) and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(C) who--
                            ``(i) in the case of a loan made to an 
                        individual, individually or with the immediate 
                        family of the applicant--
                                    ``(I) materially and substantially 
                                participates (in the case of an owner 
                                and operator of a farm or ranch) or 
                                will materially and substantially 
                                participate (in the case of an 
                                applicant seeking to own and operate a 
                                farm or ranch) in the operation of the 
                                farm or ranch; and
                                    ``(II) provides (in the case of an 
                                owner and operator of a farm or ranch) 
                                or will provide (in the case of an 
                                applicant seeking to own and operate a 
                                farm or ranch) substantial day-to-day 
                                labor and management of the farm or 
                                ranch, consistent with the practices in 
                                the State or county in which the farm 
                                or ranch is located; or
                            ``(ii) in the case of a loan made to a 
                        cooperative, corporation, partnership, joint 
                        operation, or such other legal entity as the 
                        Secretary considers appropriate--
                                    ``(I) has members, stockholders, 
                                partners, joint operators, or owners, 
                                all of whom are qualified beginning 
                                farmers or ranchers; and
                                    ``(II) has (in the case of an owner 
                                and operator of a farm or ranch) or 
                                will have (in the case of an applicant 
                                seeking to own and operate a farm or 
                                ranch) members, stockholders, partners, 
                                joint operators, or owners materially 
                                and substantially participate in the 
                                operation of the farm or ranch;''; and
            (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) through (G) as 
        subparagraphs (D) through (F), respectively.

SEC. 5405. LOAN FUND SET-ASIDES.

    Section 346 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1994) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in clause (i)(II), by inserting ``, to 
                        the extent practicable'' after ``April 1 of the 
                        fiscal year'';
                            (ii) in clause (ii)(III), by striking 
                        ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                            (iii) in clause (iii), by inserting ``, to 
                        the extent practicable'' after ``September 1 of 
                        the fiscal year''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)(iii), by inserting ``, to 
                the extent practicable'' after ``April 1 of the fiscal 
                year''; and
            (2) by striking subsections (c) and (d).

SEC. 5406. TEMPORARY PROHIBITION OF LOANS TO BORROWERS THAT HAVE 
              RECEIVED DEBT FORGIVENESS.

    Section 373(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 2008h(b)) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Prohibition.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        the Secretary may not make or guarantee a loan under this title 
        to a borrower for a period of 7 years after the borrower has 
        received debt forgiveness.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(A)(ii), by striking ``chapters'' and 
        inserting ``chapter''.

SEC. 5407. GUARANTEED FARMER PROGRAM LOAN APPLICATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 333A(g) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983a(g)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``$125,000 or less'' 
        and inserting ``less than a limit determined by the 
        Secretary'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as paragraphs 
        (3) and (4), respectively; and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Accelerated consideration for certain guaranteed 
        farmer program loans.--
                    ``(A) Option for accelerated consideration.--The 
                Secretary shall provide to certified lenders (within 
                the meaning of section 339(c)) and Preferred Certified 
                Lenders (within the meaning of section 339(d)) the 
                option to submit for accelerated consideration an 
                application to guarantee a farmer program loan the 
                principal amount of which is $1,000,000 or less.
                    ``(B) Notice.--Not later than 5 business days after 
                receipt of an application to guarantee a farmer program 
                loan originated by a certified lender (within the 
                meaning of section 339(c)) or a Preferred Certified 
                Lender (within the meaning of section 339(d)) that is 
                submitted for accelerated consideration under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall notify the lender 
                as to whether the application is approved or 
                disapproved.
                    ``(C) Failure to provide timely notice.--If the 
                Secretary fails to provide the notice required under 
                subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall approve the 
                application submitted for accelerated consideration.
                    ``(D) Maximum guarantee.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision of this title, the percentage of the 
                principal amount of a loan that may be guaranteed 
                pursuant to this paragraph shall not exceed--
                            ``(i) 75 percent, in the case of a loan of 
                        $500,000 or less; or
                            ``(ii) 50 percent, in the case of a loan of 
                        more than $500,000 but less than or equal to 
                        $1,000,000.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 333A(h) of the Consolidated Farm 
and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983a(h)) is amended by striking 
``subsection (g)(2)'' and inserting ``subsection (g)(3)''.

                       Subtitle E--Miscellaneous

SEC. 5501. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

    (a) Technical Corrections to Title I of the Agricultural Act of 
1961.--
            (1) Section 102 of the Agricultural Act of 1961 (7 U.S.C. 
        1911) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``he'' and 
                inserting ``the Secretary'';
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``he'' and 
                inserting ``the Secretary of Agriculture''; and
                    (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``he is 
                authorized, whenever he'' and inserting ``the Secretary 
                is authorized, whenever the Secretary''.
            (2) Section 103 of the Agricultural Act of 1961 (7 U.S.C. 
        1912) is amended by striking ``he'' and inserting ``the 
        Secretary''.
    (b) Technical Corrections to the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act.--
            (1) Section 307 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1927) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(3)(B), by striking ``not be--
                '' in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that 
                follows through the period at the end of clause (ii) 
                and inserting ``be equal to the interest rate for 
                direct farm ownership loans under this subtitle, not to 
                exceed 5 percent per year.''; and
                    (B) in subsection (c), in the first sentence, by 
                striking ``he'' and inserting ``the Secretary''.
            (2) Section 310D(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1934(a)) is amended, in the first 
        sentence--
                    (A) by striking ``, or paragraphs (1) through (5) 
                of section 304(a),'' and inserting ``or section 
                304(a)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``paragraphs (2) through (4) of 
                section 302'' and inserting ``subparagraphs (B) through 
                (D) of the second sentence of section 302(a)(1)''.
            (3) Section 310E(d)(4)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and 
        Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1935(d)(4)(C)) is amended by 
        striking ``and; and'' and inserting ``and''.
            (4) Section 312 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1942) is amended--
                    (A) by striking subsection (d); and
                    (B) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection 
                (d).
            (5) Section 319 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1949) is amended--
                    (A) in the section heading, by striking ``or 
                guarantees''; and
                    (B) by striking ``or with respect to whom there is 
                an outstanding guarantee under this subtitle''.
            (6) Section 331(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``his powers and duties'' 
                        and inserting ``the powers and duties of the 
                        Secretary'';
                            (ii) by striking ``he determines'' each 
                        place it appears and inserting ``the Secretary 
                        determines''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``, and until January'' 
                        and everything that follows through ``see 
                        fit)'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``he'' and 
                inserting ``the Secretary'';
                    (C) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) by striking ``subsection. After 
                        consultation with a local or area county 
                        committee, the Secretary'' and inserting the 
                        following: ``subsection; and
                    ``(C) the Secretary'';
                            (ii) by striking ``paragraph. The 
                        Secretary'' and inserting the following: 
                        ``paragraph;
                    ``(B) the Secretary'';
                            (iii) by striking ``1949. In'' and 
                        inserting ``1949 (42 U.S.C. 1441 et seq.), 
                        subject to the conditions that--
                    ``(A) in'';
                            (iv) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A) (as so designated)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Consolidated''; 
                                and
                                    (II) by striking ``the Rural 
                                Development Administration'' and 
                                inserting ``Rural Development''; and
                            (v) in subparagraph (C) (as so designated), 
                        by striking ``1949,'' and inserting ``1949 (42 
                        U.S.C. 1441 et seq.),'';
                    (D) in paragraph (5)--
                            (i) by striking ``1949,'' and inserting 
                        ``1949 (42 U.S.C. 1441 et seq.),'';
                            (ii) by striking ``administered by the 
                        Farmers Home Administration,'' and inserting 
                        ``administered under this title,''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``by the Farmers Home 
                        Administration and, if in his judgment'' and 
                        inserting ``under this title, and, if the 
                        Secretary determines'';
                    (E) in paragraph (7), by striking ``Farmers Home 
                Administration'' and all that follows through 
                ``thereof'' and inserting ``Farm Service Agency and 
                Rural Development''; and
                    (F) in paragraph (8)--
                            (i) by striking ``Rural Development 
                        Administration or by the Farmers Home 
                        Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service 
                        Agency or Rural Development''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``he'' and inserting ``the 
                        Secretary''.
            (7) Section 331A(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1981a(a)) is amended, in the first 
        sentence, by striking ``Farmers Home Administration or by the 
        Rural Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service 
        Agency or Rural Development''.
            (8) Section 333(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983(1)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``he'' and inserting ``the 
                applicant''; and
                    (B) by striking ``his actual needs'' and inserting 
                ``the actual needs of the applicant''.
            (9) Section 333A of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983a) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(2)(B)--
                            (i) in clause (iii), by striking ``district 
                        office of the Farmers Home Administration'' and 
                        inserting ``District Director of the Farm 
                        Service Agency'';
                            (ii) in clause (iv), by striking ``district 
                        office of the Farmers Home Administration'' and 
                        inserting ``District Director of the Farm 
                        Service Agency'';
                            (iii) in clause (v), by striking ``district 
                        office'' and inserting ``District Director''; 
                        and
                            (iv) in clause (vi)--
                                    (I) by striking ``district office'' 
                                and inserting ``District Director'';
                                    (II) by striking ``Farmers Home 
                                Administration'' and inserting ``Farm 
                                Service Agency''; and
                                    (III) by striking ``by the county 
                                committee'' and inserting ``of the 
                                application''; and
                    (B) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``Farmers 
                Home Administration'' each place it appears and 
                inserting ``Farm Service Agency''.
            (10) Section 333D(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983d(a)) is amended by striking 
        ``that are consistent with subtitle A through this subtitle''.
            (11) Section 335 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1985) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Farmers Home 
                Administration or the Rural Development 
                Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service Agency or 
                Rural Development'';
                    (B) in subsection (c)(1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``15'' 
                        and inserting ``60'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)(i)--
                                    (I) by striking ``135'' and 
                                inserting ``180''; and
                                    (II) by inserting ``suitable for 
                                farming or ranching, as determined by 
                                the Secretary,'' after ``acquiring real 
                                property''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``not later than 135 days'' and all that 
                        follows through ``135-day period, sell'' and 
                        inserting ``, or if the property is not 
                        suitable for farming or ranching, as determined 
                        by the Secretary, not later than 60 days after 
                        the 180-day period described in subparagraph 
                        (B)(i), the Secretary shall sell'';
                    (C) in subsection (d), in the second sentence, by 
                striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' and inserting 
                ``Farm Service Agency''; and
                    (D) in subsection (f)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Agricultural 
                                Stabilization and Conservation 
                                Service'' and inserting ``Farm Service 
                                Agency farm program'';
                                    (II) by striking ``Farmers Home 
                                Administration liens'' and inserting 
                                ``liens for a farmer program loan''; 
                                and
                                    (III) by striking ``Farmers Home 
                                Administration farmer'' and inserting 
                                ``Farm Service Agency farmer'';
                            (ii) by striking paragraphs (3) through 
                        (5);
                            (iii) by redesignating paragraphs (6) and 
                        (7) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; 
                        and
                            (iv) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), 
                        by striking ``that--'' in the matter preceding 
                        subparagraph (A) and all that follows through 
                        the period at the end of subparagraph (B) and 
                        inserting ``that ensure the release of funds to 
                        each borrower, consistent with this section.''.
            (12) Section 336 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1986) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``of the Secretary'' and 
                        inserting ``of the Department of Agriculture''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``he'' and inserting ``the 
                        officer, attorney, or employee'';
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking the second 
                sentence;
                    (C) by striking subsection (c); and
                    (D) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection 
                (c).
            (13) Section 338(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1988(a)) is amended by striking 
        ``Farmers Home Administration or the Rural Development 
        Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service Agency or Rural 
        Development''.
            (14) Section 339 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1989) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``he'' and 
                inserting ``the Secretary'';
                    (B) in subsection (c)(4)(A), by striking ``county 
                committee certification that the borrower of the loan 
                meets the eligibility requirements and'' and inserting 
                ``the borrower meeting''; and
                    (C) in subsection (d)(4)(A), by striking ``county 
                committee certification that the borrower meets the 
                eligibility requirements or'' and inserting ``the 
                borrower meeting''.
            (15) Section 340 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1990) is amended by striking ``in his 
        discretion'' and inserting ``the President determines to be 
        appropriate''.
            (16) Section 343(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (6), by striking ``Trust Territory 
                of the Pacific Islands'' and inserting ``Federated 
                States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall 
                Islands, and the Republic of Palau''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (10)--
                            (i) by striking ``section 304,'' and 
                        inserting ``section 304 prior to June 18, 2008, 
                        conservation loan (CL) under section 304 on or 
                        after June 18, 2008,'';
                            (ii) by striking ``section 1254 of the Food 
                        Security Act of 1985'' and inserting ``section 
                        608 of the Agricultural Programs Adjustment Act 
                        of 1984 (7 U.S.C. 1981 note; Public Law 98-
                        258)''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``of 1949'' and inserting 
                        ``of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1472)''.
            (17) Section 347 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1995) is amended, in the first 
        sentence, by striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' and 
        inserting ``Farm Service Agency or Rural Development''.
            (18) Section 349(e)(1)(B) of the Consolidated Farm and 
        Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1997(e)(1)(B)) is amended by 
        striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' and inserting ``Farm 
        Service Agency''.
            (19) Section 352(c)(3) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2000(c)(3)) is amended, in the second 
        sentence, by striking ``section 333B'' and inserting ``subtitle 
        H of title II of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization 
        Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6991 et seq.)''.
            (20) Section 353 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2001) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (h), by striking ``under section 
                333B'';
                    (B) in subsection (i)(1), by striking ``registered 
                or certified mail'' and inserting ``any method that 
                provides documentation of delivery'';
                    (C) in subsection (j)--
                            (i) in the first sentence, by striking 
                        ``filed with the appeals division under section 
                        333B'' and inserting ``to the National Appeals 
                        Division''; and
                            (ii) in the second sentence--
                                    (I) by striking ``appeals 
                                division'' and inserting ``Secretary''; 
                                and
                                    (II) by striking ``county 
                                supervisor'' and inserting 
                                ``Secretary''; and
                    (D) in subsection (o), by striking ``$300,000'' and 
                inserting ``$600,000''.
            (21) Section 356 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2004) is amended, in the first 
        sentence--
                    (A) by striking ``The Farmers Home Administration'' 
                and inserting ``The Farm Service Agency and Rural 
                Development''; and
                    (B) by striking ``the inventory of the Farmers Home 
                Administration'' and inserting ``inventory''.
            (22) Section 359(c)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2006a(c)(1)) is amended by striking 
        ``(as determined by the appropriate county committee during the 
        determination of eligibility for the loan)''.
            (23) Section 360(d)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2006b(d)(1)) is amended by striking 
        ``annual review of direct loans, and periodic review (as 
        determined necessary by the Secretary) of guaranteed loans,'' 
        and inserting ``periodic review (as determined necessary by the 
        Secretary) of direct loans and guaranteed loans''.
            (24) Section 361 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2006c) is amended, in the matter 
        preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``Farmers Home 
        Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service Agency''.

SEC. 5502. QUALIFYING AGRICULTURAL MEDIATION PROGRAMS.

    (a) Qualifying States and Tribes.--Section 501 of the Agricultural 
Credit Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5101) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by inserting ``and tribes'' 
        after ``states'';
            (2) in subsection (a), by inserting ``or Tribe'' after 
        ``State'' each place it appears;
            (3) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Determination by Secretary.--Not later than 30 days after the 
Secretary receives from the Governor, or comparable executive official 
or officials, of a State or Tribe a description of the mediation 
program of the State or Tribe and a statement certifying that the State 
or Tribe has met all the requirements of subsection (c), the Secretary 
shall determine whether the State or Tribe is a qualifying State or 
Tribe.'';
            (4) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``State'' and inserting ``Qualifying'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by inserting ``or Tribe'' after 
                        ``State'' each place it appears; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)(x), by inserting 
                        ``or comparable agency'' after ``agriculture'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)(B)(ii), by inserting ``or 
                Tribal'' after ``State''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by inserting ``or Tribe'' after ``State'' 
                        each place it appears; and
                            (ii) by striking subparagraph (B) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(B) is authorized or administered by--
                            ``(i) an agency of the State or Tribal 
                        government; or
                            ``(ii) the Governor, or comparable 
                        executive official or officials, of the State 
                        or Tribe;''; and
            (5) in subsection (d)(3), by inserting ``or Tribal'' after 
        ``State''.
    (b) Matching Grants.--Section 502 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 
1987 (7 U.S.C. 5102) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by inserting ``and tribes'' 
        after ``states'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``$500,000'' and 
        inserting ``$700,000''; and
            (3) by inserting ``or Tribe'' after ``State'' each place it 
        appears.
    (c) Duties of the Secretary.--Section 503(a)(1)(A) of the 
Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5103(a)(1)(A)) is amended by 
inserting ``or Tribal'' after ``State''.
    (d) Regulations.--Section 504 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 
1987 (7 U.S.C. 5104) is amended, in the second sentence--
            (1) by inserting ``or Tribes'' after ``States''; and
            (2) by inserting ``or Tribe'' after ``State''.
    (e) Definitions.--Subtitle A of title V of the Agricultural Credit 
Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating section 506 as section 507; and
            (2) by inserting after section 505 the following:

``SEC. 506. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this subtitle:
            ``(1) Insular area.--The term `insular area' means--
                    ``(A) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
                    ``(B) Guam;
                    ``(C) America Samoa;
                    ``(D) the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
                Islands;
                    ``(E) the Federated States of Micronesia;
                    ``(F) the Republic of the Marshall Islands;
                    ``(G) the Republic of Palau; and
                    ``(H) the Virgin Islands of the United States.
            ``(2) State.--The term `State' means--
                    ``(A) a State;
                    ``(B) the District of Columbia; and
                    ``(C) any insular area.
            ``(3) Tribe.--The term `Tribe' has the meaning given the 
        term `Indian Tribe' in section 4 of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).''.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 507 of the 
Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (as redesignated by subsection (e)(1)) 
is amended by inserting ``and $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 
through 2029'' after ``2023''.
    (g) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Title V of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (7 
        U.S.C. 5101 et seq.) is amended--
                    (A) in the title heading, by striking ``STATE'' and 
                inserting ``QUALIFYING''; and
                    (B) in subtitle A, in the subtitle heading, by 
                striking ``State'' and inserting ``Qualifying''.
            (2) Section 4.14E of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 
        2202E) is amended by inserting ``or Indian Tribe (as defined in 
        section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education 
        Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304))'' before the period at the 
        end.
            (3) Section 358 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2006) is amended by inserting ``or 
        Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304))'' 
        before the period at the end.

SEC. 5503. FINANCING FOR ESSENTIAL RURAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES.

    Title IV of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2153 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

 ``PART H--SUPPORT FOR RURAL AND TRIBAL ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES 
                                PROJECTS

``SEC. 4.40. ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Essential community facility.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `essential community 
                facility' means a public improvement that--
                            ``(i) is owned by 1 or more--
                                    ``(I) Indian Tribes or Tribal 
                                organizations;
                                    ``(II) towns, cities, counties, or 
                                other political subdivisions of States, 
                                Indian Tribes, or Tribal organizations; 
                                or
                                    ``(III) nonprofit organizations, 
                                including Native Hawaiian Organizations 
                                (as defined in section 6207 of the 
                                Elementary and Secondary Education Act 
                                of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517)); and
                            ``(ii) is needed for the orderly 
                        development of a rural community.
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `essential 
                        community facility' includes a community 
                        center, a library, a firehouse, a healthcare 
                        facility, a senior living facility, a childcare 
                        facility, an education facility, and a 
                        transportation facility.
                            ``(ii) Proportionate use.--The term 
                        `essential community facility' may include, at 
                        the determination of the Farm Credit 
                        Administration, a multi-use facility that 
                        provides services, including healthcare 
                        services, senior living services, childcare 
                        services, education services, or transportation 
                        services, in the proportion that--
                                    ``(I) the use of the applicable 
                                facility to provide such services; 
                                bears to
                                    ``(II) all other uses of the 
                                facility.
            ``(2) Indian tribe.--The term `Indian Tribe' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
            ``(3) Rural community.--The term `rural community' means 
        any area other than an area described in clause (i) or (ii) of 
        section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A)).
            ``(4) Tribal organization.--The term `Tribal organization' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
    ``(b) Financing and Technical Assistance.--In order to make 
available private capital to develop, build, maintain, improve, or 
provide related equipment or other support for essential community 
facilities in rural communities, Farm Credit System institutions 
chartered and operating under title I, II, or III may provide financing 
and technical assistance for essential community facilities.
    ``(c) Limitations.--
            ``(1) Amount of financing.--A Farm Credit System 
        institution shall not provide financing under this section in 
        an aggregate amount that exceeds 15 percent of the total of all 
        outstanding loans of the Farm Credit System institution.
            ``(2) Offer requirement.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A Farm Credit System institution 
                shall not provide financing under this section unless 
                the Farm Credit System institution has--
                            ``(i) offered, under reasonable terms and 
                        conditions acceptable to the owner of the 
                        essential community facility involved, an 
                        interest in the financing to at least 1 
                        nongovernmental lending institution that is not 
                        chartered and operating under this Act; and
                            ``(ii) reported that offer, including the 
                        terms and conditions of the offer, to the Farm 
                        Credit Administration.
                    ``(B) Rural community bank parity.--In offering an 
                interest in the applicable financing to a 
                nongovernmental lending institution under subparagraph 
                (A)(i), the Farm Credit System institution shall give 
                priority to community banks located in the service area 
                of the essential community facility being financed.
    ``(d) Report to Congress.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the Farm 
        Credit Administration shall submit to Congress a report on the 
        activities undertaken pursuant to this section by Farm Credit 
        System institutions during the period covered by the report, 
        including activities undertaken through partnerships between 
        Farm Credit System institutions and other nongovernmental 
        lending institutions.
            ``(2) Publication.--The Farm Credit Administration shall 
        publish on the website of the Administration a copy of each 
        report submitted to Congress under paragraph (1).''.

SEC. 5504. QUALIFIED LOAN DEFINITION.

    Section 8.0(7) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2279aa(7)) 
is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 
                ``pursuant to the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
                Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1921 et seq.)''; and
                    (B) in clause (ii), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (C)--
                    (A) by striking ``for an electric or telephone 
                facility by a cooperative lender to a borrower that has 
                received, or is eligible to receive, a loan under'' and 
                inserting ``made or guaranteed for a purpose provided 
                in''; and
                    (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``or title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment 
                Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101 et seq.); or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) that is a loan, or an interest in a loan, to 
                a borrower residing in the United States for 
                aggregating, processing, manufacturing, storing, 
                transporting, wholesaling, or distributing an 
                agricultural commodity or product within the United 
                States.''.

SEC. 5505. ELIGIBILITY FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER DISPOSAL FACILITY 
              LOANS.

    Section 3.7(f) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2128(f)) 
is amended, in the undesignated matter following paragraph (2), by 
inserting ``or, in the case of such loans, commitments, and assistance 
that are guaranteed, means an area described in section 343(a)(13)(A) 
of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 
1991(a)(13)(A))'' before the period at the end.

                      TITLE VI--RURAL DEVELOPMENT

               Subtitle A--Rural Healthcare and Childcare

SEC. 6101. IMPROVING RURAL HEALTHCARE.

    Section 6101 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 
115-334; 132 Stat. 4725) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``combating 
        substance use disorder in rural america'' and inserting 
        ``improving the rural care economy''; and
            (2) in subsection (a), by striking the subsection 
        designation and heading and all that follows through period at 
        the end of paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Improving Rural Healthcare.--
            ``(1) Improving rural healthcare access.--
                    ``(A) Prioritizations.--The Secretary shall make 
                the following prioritizations for fiscal years 2025 
                through 2031:
                            ``(i) Distance learning and telemedicine.--
                        In addition to the priorities under section 
                        2333(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
                        and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 950aaa-2(d)), 
                        in selecting recipients of financial assistance 
                        under chapter 1 of subtitle D of title XXIII of 
                        that Act (7 U.S.C. 950aaa et seq.), the 
                        Secretary shall give priority to telemedicine 
                        projects that--
                                    ``(I) provide substance use 
                                disorder prevention services, treatment 
                                services, recovery services, or any 
                                combination of those services; or
                                    ``(II) provide mental or behavioral 
                                health services.
                            ``(ii) Community facilities direct loans 
                        and grants.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--In selecting 
                                recipients of direct loans or grants 
                                for the development of essential 
                                community facilities under section 
                                306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and 
                                Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 
                                1926(a)), the Secretary shall give 
                                priority to entities eligible for those 
                                direct loans or grants to develop--
                                            ``(aa) healthcare 
                                        facilities; or
                                            ``(bb) mental or behavioral 
                                        health facilities, including 
                                        certified community behavioral 
                                        health clinics described in 
                                        section 223 of the Protecting 
                                        Access to Medicare Act of 2014 
                                        (42 U.S.C. 1396a note; Public 
                                        Law 113-93).
                                    ``(II) Use of funds.--In addition 
                                to the eligible uses of direct loans or 
                                grants for the development of essential 
                                community facilities under section 
                                306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and 
                                Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 
                                1926(a)), an entity described in 
                                subclause (I) that receives a direct 
                                loan or grant for a purpose described 
                                in that subclause may use the direct 
                                loan or grant funds for--
                                            ``(aa) providing medical 
                                        supplies to increase medical 
                                        surge capacity;
                                            ``(bb) increasing 
                                        telehealth capabilities, 
                                        including underlying healthcare 
                                        information systems;
                                            ``(cc) supporting staffing 
                                        needs of the facility described 
                                        in that subclause, subject to 
                                        the condition that the eligible 
                                        entity shall not use more than 
                                        25 percent of the direct loan 
                                        or grant funds for the purpose 
                                        described in this item; and
                                            ``(dd) engaging in any 
                                        other efforts to support rural 
                                        development determined to be 
                                        critical to address the 
                                        healthcare or mental or 
                                        behavioral health needs of 
                                        rural areas, as determined by 
                                        the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Limitation on other reprioritizations.--For 
                fiscal years 2025 through 2031, the Secretary shall not 
                make any national reprioritizations within the 
                Community Facilities direct loan and grant programs or 
                the Distance Learning and Telemedicine programs under 
                section 608 of the Rural Development Act of 1972 (7 
                U.S.C. 2204b-2).''.

SEC. 6102. IMPROVING RURAL CHILDCARE.

    (a) In General.--Section 6101(a) of the Agriculture Improvement Act 
of 2018 (Public Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 4725) (as amended by section 
6101(2)) is amended by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the 
following:
            ``(2) Improving childcare in rural America.--
                    ``(A) Definition of childcare program.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In this paragraph, the 
                        term `childcare program' means a program that--
                                    ``(I) provides quality care and 
                                early education for children who--
                                            ``(aa) are in elementary 
                                        school or secondary school (as 
                                        those terms are defined in 
                                        section 8101 of the Elementary 
                                        and Secondary Education Act of 
                                        1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801)); or
                                            ``(bb) have not yet entered 
                                        elementary school (as so 
                                        defined); and
                                    ``(II) is operated by--
                                            ``(aa) an eligible 
                                        childcare provider described in 
                                        section 658P(6)(A) of the Child 
                                        Care and Development Block 
                                        Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 
                                        9858n(6)(A)); or
                                            ``(bb) a childcare provider 
                                        that, on the date of enactment 
                                        of this Act--

                                                    ``(AA) is licensed, 
                                                regulated, or 
                                                registered in the 
                                                State, territory, or 
                                                Indian Tribe in which 
                                                the provider is 
                                                located; and

                                                    ``(BB) meets 
                                                applicable State, 
                                                Tribal, territorial, 
                                                and local health and 
                                                safety requirements.

                            ``(ii) Inclusions.--In this paragraph, the 
                        term `childcare program' includes--
                                    ``(I) a school-based program 
                                described in clause (i);
                                    ``(II) a program described in 
                                clause (i) that accommodates 
                                nontraditional working hours;
                                    ``(III) a program described in 
                                clause (i) that is an Early Head Start 
                                or Head Start program, including a 
                                migrant and seasonal Head Start 
                                program, carried out under the Head 
                                Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.);
                                    ``(IV) a facility used for a 
                                program described in clause (i); and
                                    ``(V) a service provided under a 
                                program described in clause (i).
                    ``(B) Prioritizations.--The Secretary shall make 
                the following prioritizations for fiscal years 2025 
                through 2031:
                            ``(i) Community facilities direct loans and 
                        grants.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--In addition to 
                                the priorities described in paragraph 
                                (1)(A)(ii), in selecting recipients of 
                                direct loans or grants for the 
                                development of essential community 
                                facilities under section 306(a) of the 
                                Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
                                Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)), the Secretary 
                                shall give priority to entities 
                                eligible for those direct loans or 
                                grants to develop facilities used for a 
                                childcare program, subject to the 
                                condition that the childcare program 
                                that uses those facilities shall employ 
                                staff that have appropriate expertise 
                                and training in childcare.
                                    ``(II) Use of funds.--In addition 
                                to the eligible uses of direct loans or 
                                grants for the development of essential 
                                community facilities under section 
                                306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and 
                                Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 
                                1926(a)), an entity described in 
                                subclause (I) that receives a direct 
                                loan or grant for the purpose described 
                                in that subclause may use the direct 
                                loan or grant funds to support the 
                                staffing needs of the facility 
                                described in that subclause, subject to 
                                the condition that the eligible entity 
                                shall not use more than 25 percent of 
                                the direct loan or grant funds for 
                                staffing purposes.
                            ``(ii) Rural business programs.--In 
                        selecting recipients of financial assistance 
                        under the rural business development grant 
                        program under section 310B(c) of the 
                        Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
                        U.S.C. 1932(c)), the rural cooperative 
                        development grant program under section 310B(e) 
                        of that Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(e)), the rural 
                        microentrepreneur assistance program under 
                        section 379E of that Act (7 U.S.C. 2008s), and 
                        the rural innovation stronger economy (RISE) 
                        grant program under section 379I of that Act (7 
                        U.S.C. 2008w), the Secretary may give priority 
                        to entities eligible for financial assistance 
                        under those sections--
                                    ``(I) to provide technical or 
                                financial assistance for the 
                                acquisition, construction, renovation, 
                                or improvement of facilities used for a 
                                childcare program;
                                    ``(II) to provide technical, 
                                financial, or managerial assistance to 
                                childcare programs;
                                    ``(III) to assist in securing 
                                private sources of capital financing 
                                for childcare programs or other low-
                                income community development; or
                                    ``(IV) to address the needs of 
                                licensed childcare programs located in 
                                the home of the childcare program 
                                provider.
                    ``(C) Evaluation.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall conduct a 
                comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation 
                of the projects carried out under this paragraph to 
                improve access to childcare programs in rural areas, 
                including a description of--
                            ``(i) the types of projects carried out 
                        under this paragraph;
                            ``(ii) the communities in which those 
                        projects are carried out;
                            ``(iii) the organizations and entities 
                        participating in those projects;
                            ``(iv) the types of partnerships developed 
                        to carry out those projects; and
                            ``(v) the economic and social impacts of 
                        investments in rural childcare programs.''.
    (b) Interagency Coordination on Rural Childcare.--Beginning not 
later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall--
            (1) regularly coordinate to provide user-friendly resources 
        to stakeholders in rural communities with information to 
        improve access to childcare facilities in those communities, 
        including information relating to--
                    (A) programs and funding opportunities at the 
                Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health 
                and Human Services that can be used to improve 
                childcare access in rural communities;
                    (B) eligibility requirements for the programs 
                described in subparagraph (A); and
                    (C) considerations in leveraging Federal resources; 
                and
            (2) not less frequently than once every 2 years, publish or 
        update a joint resource guide that contains the information 
        described in paragraph (1).

SEC. 6103. ACCESS TO CREDIT FOR RURAL HEALTHCARE AND CHILDCARE.

    Section 6101 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 
115-334; 132 Stat. 4725) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Access to Credit for Care Industries.--Of the amount made 
available for business and industry guaranteed loans under section 
310B(g) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 
1932(g)) for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2031, the Secretary 
shall make available not less than 10 percent for supporting childcare 
programs (as defined in subsection (a)(2)(A)) and healthcare.''.

             Subtitle B--Rural Partnerships and Prosperity

SEC. 6201. DEFINITIONS.

    In this subtitle:
            (1) Indian tribe.--The term ``Indian Tribe'' means an 
        Indian Tribe or Tribal organization (as those terms are defined 
        in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education 
        Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)), including a wholly or 
        majority owned Tribal entity or corporation that provides 
        services or programs consistent with the purposes of the 
        applicable program under this subtitle.
            (2) Rural; rural area.--The terms ``rural'' and ``rural 
        area'' have the meaning given those terms in section 
        343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
        Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A)).

SEC. 6202. RURAL PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program to make 
multiyear grant awards to coordinate Federal, nonprofit, and for-profit 
investment in rural areas.
    (b) Grant Requirements.--
            (1) Term.--The term of a grant awarded under subsection (a) 
        shall be not less than 2 years and not more than 5 years.
            (2) Awards.--Except as provided in paragraphs (3) and (4), 
        the State offices of the rural development mission area shall 
        be responsible for reviewing applications for grant awards 
        under subsection (a) and selecting eligible applicants 
        described in subsection (d) for those grant awards.
            (3) Tribal awards.--Except as provided in paragraph (4), in 
        the case of grants under subsection (a) allocated to Indian 
        Tribes under subsection (c)(1)(B), the national office of the 
        rural development mission area shall be responsible for 
        reviewing applications for grant awards under subsection (a) 
        and selecting eligible applicants described in subsection (d) 
        for those grant awards.
            (4) Competitive process.--If the amount made available to 
        carry out this section for a fiscal year under section 6205 is 
        less than $50,000,000, the national office of the rural 
        development mission area shall be responsible for reviewing 
        applications for grant awards under subsection (a) and 
        selecting eligible applicants described in subsection (d) for 
        those grant awards--
                    (A) on a competitive basis; and
                    (B) by giving priority to areas that have higher 
                nonmetropolitan poverty levels and lower population 
                levels, while ensuring that grants under this section 
                are awarded in diverse geographic regions of the United 
                States.
    (c) Grant Allocation.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in subsection (b)(4), 
        the Secretary shall allocate funding for grants under 
        subsection (a)--
                    (A) for each State based on a formula determined by 
                the Secretary in accordance with paragraph (2); and
                    (B) for Indian Tribes in such amounts as the 
                Secretary determines to be appropriate, subject to the 
                condition that the total amount allocated to Indian 
                Tribes under this subparagraph shall not be less than 5 
                percent of the amount made available to carry out this 
                section for a fiscal year under section 6205, with 
                Indian Tribes located in areas that have higher poverty 
                levels and lower populations receiving higher levels of 
                funding.
            (2) Allocation requirements.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall develop a 
                graduated scale to allocate funding for States under 
                paragraph (1)(A) based on the nonmetropolitan poverty 
                and population levels in each State.
                    (B) Limitation.--The amount allocated to any State 
                under subparagraph (A) shall not exceed 5 percent of 
                the amount made available to carry out this section for 
                a fiscal year under section 6205.
            (3) Small state exception to formula.--Notwithstanding 
        paragraphs (1)(A) and (2)(A), the Secretary shall ensure that 
        each State is allocated an amount for grants under this 
        subsection that is sufficient to fulfill the purposes of the 
        program established under this section, as determined by the 
        Secretary.
            (4) Reallocation.--If a State or Indian Tribe does not use 
        funds allocated to the State or Indian Tribe under this 
        subsection, the Secretary may reallocate the unused funds to 1 
        or more other States or Indian Tribes, each of which has used 
        all of the funding allocated to the State or Indian Tribe under 
        this subsection.
    (d) Eligible Applicants.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
subsection (a), an applicant shall--
            (1) propose to serve a rural area;
            (2) be composed of a partnership of 2 or more of--
                    (A) an instrumentality or political subdivision of 
                a State, such as a municipality, county, district, or 
                authority;
                    (B) a nonprofit corporation or association with 
                significant ties to the rural area described in 
                paragraph (1), including through--
                            (i) association with, or control by, 1 or 
                        more public bodies in the rural area;
                            (ii) broadly based ownership and control by 
                        members of the rural area; or
                            (iii) a substantial public funding 
                        contribution to the rural area through taxes, 
                        revenue bonds, other local government sources, 
                        or substantial voluntary community funding;
                    (C) a cooperative with significant ties to the 
                rural area described in paragraph (1);
                    (D) a for-profit entity with a significant presence 
                in the rural area described in paragraph (1);
                    (E) an institution of higher education--
                            (i) with a significant contribution to or 
                        presence in the rural area described in 
                        paragraph (1); and
                            (ii) that includes representatives who are 
                        members of the rural area; and
                    (F) an Indian Tribe--
                            (i) in a rural area described in paragraph 
                        (1); and
                            (ii) with demonstrated support from the 
                        Tribal council or duly elected Tribal executive 
                        of the appropriate Tribal government; and
            (3) demonstrate cooperation among the members of the 
        partnership described in paragraph (2) necessary to complete 
        comprehensive, asset-based rural development through eligible 
        activities described in subsection (e).
    (e) Eligible Activities.--An eligible applicant described in 
subsection (d) that receives a grant under subsection (a) may use the 
grant funds in rural areas--
            (1) to coordinate Federal, State, regional, or Tribal 
        initiatives to reduce duplicative efforts with respect to 
        Federal investments;
            (2) to leverage non-Federal financial and technical 
        resources;
            (3) to complete comprehensive predevelopment activities and 
        planning;
            (4) to create public-private partnerships and attract 
        private investment;
            (5) to support eligible operational activities, including 
        staffing, of the eligible applicants, except that a for-profit 
        entity may not use the grant funds for the purpose described in 
        this paragraph;
            (6) to provide capital to existing or new projects, subject 
        to the condition that not more than 50 percent of the grant 
        funds may be used for that purpose;
            (7) to support regional projects and initiatives;
            (8) to address economic recovery from emergencies and 
        natural or man-made disasters; and
            (9) to develop strategic community investment plans 
        described in section 379H(d) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008v(d)).
    (f) Ineligible Activities.--An eligible applicant described in 
subsection (d) that receives a grant under subsection (a) may not use 
the grant funds--
            (1) to fund operational activities, including staffing, at 
        a for-profit institution;
            (2) to purchase or lease real property; or
            (3) to support a non-rural area.
    (g) Selection Criteria.--In awarding grants under subsection (b), 
the Secretary shall give priority to an eligible applicant described in 
subsection (d) that proposes to serve--
            (1) a rural area with a significant change in population, 
        as determined by the Secretary;
            (2) a rural area with significant workforce changes or 
        changes in major employers, as determined by the Secretary;
            (3) an economically distressed rural area, as determined by 
        the Secretary;
            (4) a rural area that has historically received minimal 
        Federal funding, as determined by the Secretary; or
            (5) a rural area for the purpose of job retention and 
        economic stabilization, as determined by the Secretary.
    (h) Matching Funds.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), an eligible 
        applicant described in subsection (d) that receives a grant 
        under subsection (a) shall provide non-Federal matching funds 
        in the form of cash or an in-kind contribution in an amount 
        that is not less than 25 percent of the amount of the grant.
            (2) Waiver.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary may waive the 
                requirement under paragraph (1) based on the 
                demonstrated need of the eligible applicant or the 
                population served by the eligible applicant, as 
                determined by the Secretary, including--
                            (i) an eligible applicant serving an area 
                        with a higher nonmetropolitan poverty level;
                            (ii) an eligible applicant serving a Tribal 
                        population; and
                            (iii) an eligible applicant composed of a 
                        partnership that includes an entity described 
                        in subsection (d)(2)(A).
                    (B) Justification.--The Secretary shall provide to 
                the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a justification 
                for each waiver provided under subparagraph (A).
            (3) Providers.--Non-Federal matching funds under paragraph 
        (1) may be provided by any member of the applicable partnership 
        described in subsection (d)(2).
    (i) Coordination.--The Secretary shall carry out this section in 
coordination with the Rural Partners Network established by section 
6306 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2204b-3).
    (j) Administration.--The Secretary may retain not more than 2 
percent of the amounts made available to carry out this section for 
administration of the program established under this section.

SEC. 6203. RURAL PARTNERSHIP TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program to award 
grants, on a competitive basis, for up to a 5-year period, to be 
administered at the national level through the Under Secretary for 
Rural Development, for the purpose of advising on and assisting rural 
community organizations with--
            (1) Federal grant management and the development of 
        financial management systems;
            (2) housing or community economic development projects; and
            (3) the development of placemaking plans and applications 
        for Federal grants.
    (b) Eligible Applicants.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
subsection (a), an applicant shall be a qualified private or nonprofit 
intermediary organization, including an institution of higher education 
with an existing community development and planning program, including 
an extension program, that has demonstrated experience and capacity to 
provide technical assistance on community development and planning in 
rural areas.
    (c) Eligible Activities.--An eligible applicant described in 
subsection (b) that receives a grant under subsection (a) may use the 
grant funds to support the capacity building and economic development 
of identified rural areas and local partners in those rural areas 
through one or more of the following activities:
            (1) Training and supporting local staff, including relating 
        to systems development and support.
            (2) Identifying vetted technical consultants for planning 
        and designing physical infrastructure.
            (3) Facilitating coordination between Federal agencies and 
        local partners.
            (4) Providing expertise on developing public-private 
        partnerships.
            (5) Development and project predevelopment activities.
            (6) Grant writing and grant management activities.
    (d) Ineligible Activities.--An eligible applicant described in 
subsection (b) that receives a grant under subsection (a) may not use 
the grant funds--
            (1) to fund staffing at a for-profit entity;
            (2) to purchase or lease real property, buildings, or 
        equipment;
            (3) to support a non-rural area; or
            (4) for research and development.
    (e) Priority.--In awarding grants under subsection (a), the 
Secretary may give priority to an eligible applicant described in 
subsection (b) that serves--
            (1) a nonmetropolitan area with a high poverty level, as 
        determined by the Secretary; or
            (2) an Indian Tribe with demonstrated support from the 
        Tribal council or duly elected Tribal executive of the 
        appropriate Tribal government.
    (f) Matching Funds.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), an eligible 
        applicant described in subsection (b) that receives a grant 
        under subsection (a) shall provide non-Federal matching funds 
        in an amount that is not less than 30 percent of the amount of 
        the grant.
            (2) Waiver.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary may waive the 
                requirement under paragraph (1) based on the 
                demonstrated need of the area in which activities using 
                the grant are to be carried out, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
                    (B) Justification.--The Secretary shall provide to 
                the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a justification 
                for each waiver provided under subparagraph (A).
    (g) Administration.--The Secretary may retain not more than 2 
percent of the amounts made available to carry out this section for 
administration of the program established under this section.

SEC. 6204. RURAL PARTNERS NETWORK.

    Section 6306 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 
2204b-3) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``council on rural 
        community innovation and economic development'' and inserting 
        ``rural partners network'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``council'' and 
        inserting ``network'';
            (3) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--There is established a Rural Partners 
        Network (referred to in this section as the `Network').
            ``(2) Successor.--The Network shall be the successor to the 
        Council on Rural Community Innovation and Economic Development 
        established by this section (as in effect on the day before the 
        date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act 
        of 2024).'';
            (4) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking subparagraphs (C), (D), 
                        (N), (Q), (R), (S), (T), (V), (X), (Y), and 
                        (Z);
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) 
                        through (M), (O), (P), (U), (W), and (AA) as 
                        subparagraphs (C) through (K), (L), (M), (N), 
                        (O), and (X), respectively; and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (O) 
                        (as so redesignated) the following:
                    ``(P) The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
                    ``(Q) The Appalachian Regional Commission.
                    ``(R) The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
                    ``(S) The Social Security Administration.
                    ``(T) The Delta Regional Authority.
                    ``(U) The Denali Commission.
                    ``(V) The Northern Border Regional Commission.
                    ``(W) The Southeast Crescent Regional 
                Commission.''; and
                    (B) in paragraphs (2) through (4), by striking 
                ``Council'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``Network'';
            (5) by striking subsection (d);
            (6) by redesignating subsections (e) through (h) as 
        subsections (d) through (g), respectively;
            (7) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Council'' and inserting ``Network'';
                    (B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``Council'' and inserting ``Network'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (D) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) to improve the efficiency of Federal assistance to 
        rural communities by--
                    ``(A) reducing administrative burdens on rural 
                communities to pursue Federal funding;
                    ``(B) improving the administrative efficiency of 
                Federal economic development programs serving rural 
                communities; and
                    ``(C) streamlining and simplifying the application 
                process for Federal funding opportunities for rural 
                communities.'';
            (8) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), in the matter 
        preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``Council'' and inserting 
        ``Network'';
            (9) in subsection (f) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``Council'' each place it appears and inserting ``Network''; 
        and
            (10) by striking subsection (g) (as so redesignated) and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(g) Innovative Cross-Agency Coordination.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, acting as Chair of the 
        Network, may carry out innovative strategies for coordinating 
        with other Federal departments and agencies with respect to 
        programs that serve rural areas.
            ``(2) Priorities.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall prioritize--
                    ``(A) improving ease of access to Federal programs 
                for resource-constrained rural communities;
                    ``(B) utilizing early technical assistance to 
                reduce duplicative applications and administrative 
                costs at the Federal level;
                    ``(C) leveraging partnerships with local, State, 
                philanthropic, and private entities to maximize returns 
                on Federal investments;
                    ``(D) integrating stakeholder and program user 
                experience into program design; and
                    ``(E) targeting areas experiencing economic 
                distress, as determined by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 6205. FUNDING.

    (a) Mandatory Funding.--There is appropriated, out of amounts in 
the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $100,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025 and each fiscal year thereafter to carry out--
            (1) sections 6201 through 6203; and
            (2) section 6306 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 
        (7 U.S.C. 2204b-3).
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to the funds made 
available under subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated 
such sums as necessary for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to 
carry out--
            (1) sections 6201 through 6203; and
            (2) section 6306 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 
        (7 U.S.C. 2204b-3).
    (c) Limitation.--Of the funds made available by and pursuant to 
subsections (a) and (b), respectively, for a fiscal year--
            (1) not more than 25 percent may be used to carry out 
        section 6203; and
            (2) not more than 5 percent may be used to carry out 
        section 6306 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 
        U.S.C. 2204b-3).

             Subtitle C--Rural Electrification Act of 1936

                     PART I--RURAL BROADBAND ACCESS

SEC. 6301. RECONNECT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act of 
1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb) is amended--
            (1) by striking the section designation and heading and all 
        that follows through the period at the end of subsection (f) 
        and inserting the following:

``SEC. 601. RECONNECT PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to provide 
assistance in the form of grants, loans, and combinations of grants and 
loans for the costs of the construction, improvement, and acquisition 
of facilities and equipment for broadband service in rural areas.
    ``(b) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Broadband service.--The term `broadband service' 
        means any technology identified by the Secretary as having the 
        capacity to transmit data to enable a subscriber to the service 
        to originate and receive high-quality voice, data, graphics, 
        and video.
            ``(2) Rural area.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `rural area' means any 
                area other than--
                            ``(i) an area described in clause (i) or 
                        (ii) of section 343(a)(13)(A) of the 
                        Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
                        U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A)); and
                            ``(ii) a city, town, or incorporated area 
                        that has a population of greater than 20,000 
                        inhabitants.
                    ``(B) Urban area growth.--The Secretary may, by 
                regulation only, consider an area described in section 
                343(a)(13)(F)(i)(I) of that Act to not be a rural area 
                for purposes of this section.
                    ``(C) Exclusion of certain populations.--The term 
                `rural area' does not include any population described 
                in subparagraph (H) or (I) of section 343(a)(13) of the 
                Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 
                1991(a)(13)).
    ``(c) Grants, Loans, and Combinations.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall make grants, loans, 
        and combinations of grants and loans to eligible entities 
        described in subsection (d) to provide funds for the 
        construction, improvement, or acquisition of facilities and 
        equipment for the provision of broadband service in rural 
        areas.
            ``(2) Project eligibility.--To be eligible for a grant, 
        loan, or grant and loan combination under paragraph (1), in 
        addition to the requirements of subsection (d), the project 
        that is the subject of the grant, loan, or grant and loan 
        combination shall--
                    ``(A) provide broadband service of at least--
                            ``(i) a 100-Mbps downstream transmission 
                        capacity; and
                            ``(ii) a 100-Mbps upstream transmission 
                        capacity; and
                    ``(B) subject to paragraph (4), be carried out in a 
                proposed service territory in which at least 75 percent 
                of the households lack access to broadband service of 
                at least--
                            ``(i) a 100-Mbps downstream transmission 
                        capacity; and
                            ``(ii) a 20-Mbps upstream transmission 
                        capacity.
            ``(3) Priority.--In making grants, loans, and grant and 
        loan combinations under paragraph (1), the Secretary--
                    ``(A) shall give priority to applications for 
                projects to provide broadband service in a proposed 
                service territory in which at least 90 percent of 
                households lack access to broadband service of at 
                least--
                            ``(i) a 100-Mbps downstream transmission 
                        capacity; and
                            ``(ii) a 20-Mbps upstream transmission 
                        capacity; and
                    ``(B) may give priority to applications for 
                projects to provide broadband service--
                            ``(i) in proposed service territories--
                                    ``(I) with a population of less 
                                than 10,000 permanent residents;
                                    ``(II) that are experiencing 
                                outmigration and have adopted a 
                                strategic community investment plan 
                                under section 379H(d) of the 
                                Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
                                Act (7 U.S.C. 2008v(d)) that includes 
                                considerations for improving and 
                                expanding broadband service;
                                    ``(III) with a high percentage of 
                                low income families or persons (as 
                                defined in section 501(b) of the 
                                Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 
                                1471(b));
                                    ``(IV) that are isolated from other 
                                significant population centers; or
                                    ``(V) that have systems vulnerable 
                                to cybersecurity attacks;
                            ``(ii) that would ensure that all laborers 
                        and mechanics employed by contractors or 
                        subcontractors on the construction work 
                        performed on projects financed, in whole or in 
                        part, with the grant, loan, or grant and loan 
                        combination shall be paid wages at rates not 
                        less than those prevailing on similar 
                        construction in the immediate locality as 
                        determined by the Secretary of Labor in 
                        accordance with sections 3141 through 3144, 
                        3146, and 3147 of title 40, United States Code;
                            ``(iii) that would provide rapid and 
                        expanded deployment of fixed and mobile 
                        broadband service on cropland and ranchland 
                        within the service territory for use in various 
                        applications of precision agriculture; or
                            ``(iv) submitted by an eligible entity that 
                        has provided broadband service or other utility 
                        service for not less than 5 years in rural 
                        areas in the State in which the project would 
                        be carried out.
            ``(4) Additional requirements for grant-only awards.--To be 
        eligible for assistance under paragraph (1) in the form of a 
        grant only, in addition to the requirements of subsection (d)--
                    ``(A) an entity shall be--
                            ``(i) a federally recognized Indian Tribe 
                        or Tribal organization, including any wholly or 
                        majority owned Tribal entity or corporation 
                        that provides services or programs consistent 
                        with the purposes of the program under this 
                        section; or
                            ``(ii) an entity serving--
                                    ``(I) a colonia;
                                    ``(II) a persistent poverty county, 
                                as determined by the Secretary; or
                                    ``(III) a socially vulnerable 
                                community, as determined by the 
                                Secretary; or
                    ``(B) the project that is the subject of the grant 
                shall be carried out in a proposed service territory in 
                which at least 90 percent of households lack access to 
                broadband service of at least--
                            ``(i) a 100-Mbps downstream transmission 
                        capacity; and
                            ``(ii) a 20-Mbps upstream transmission 
                        capacity.
            ``(5) Application costs.--An entity to which a grant or 
        grant and loan combination is made under this subsection may 
        use such funding to pay for up to 5 percent of the costs 
        associated with applying for the program under this section.
    ``(d) Eligibility.--
            ``(1) Eligibility for assistance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To be eligible to obtain a 
                grant, loan, or grant and loan combination under 
                subsection (c), an entity shall--
                            ``(i) submit to the Secretary an 
                        application at such time, in such manner, and 
                        containing such information as the Secretary 
                        may require;
                            ``(ii) agree to complete buildout of the 
                        broadband infrastructure described in the 
                        application by not later than 5 years after the 
                        initial date on which assistance under 
                        subsection (c) is made available; and
                            ``(iii) participate or agree to participate 
                        in--
                                    ``(I) the Affordable Connectivity 
                                Program established under section 
                                904(b) of division N of the 
                                Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 
                                (47 U.S.C. 1752(b));
                                    ``(II) the Lifeline program under 
                                subpart E of part 54 of title 47, Code 
                                of Federal Regulations (or any 
                                successor regulation); or
                                    ``(III) any successor Federal 
                                internet affordability assistance 
                                program.
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--An entity eligible to obtain a 
                grant, loan, or grant and loan combination under 
                subsection (c) may include--
                            ``(i) a State or local government, 
                        including any agency, subdivision, 
                        instrumentality, or political subdivision of a 
                        State or local government;
                            ``(ii) a territory or possession of the 
                        United States;
                            ``(iii) a federally recognized Indian Tribe 
                        or Tribal organization, including any wholly or 
                        majority owned Tribal entity or corporation 
                        that provides services or programs consistent 
                        with the purposes of the program under this 
                        section;
                            ``(iv) a cooperative or mutual 
                        organization;
                            ``(v) an organization of 2 or more 
                        incorporated areas that have established an 
                        intermunicipal legal agreement for the purpose 
                        of delivering communication services to 
                        residents;
                            ``(vi) a corporation; and
                            ``(vii) a limited liability company or 
                        limited liability partnership.
                    ``(C) Ineligible entities.--An individual or legal 
                general partnership that is formed with individuals 
                shall not be eligible to obtain a grant, loan, or grant 
                and loan combination under subsection (c).
                    ``(D) Limitation.--
                            ``(i) In general.--An eligible entity 
                        described in this paragraph that provides 
                        telecommunications or broadband service to at 
                        least 20 percent of the households in the 
                        United States may not receive an amount of 
                        funds under this section for a fiscal year in 
                        excess of 15 percent of the funds authorized 
                        and appropriated under subsection (i) for the 
                        fiscal year.
                            ``(ii) States and state agencies and 
                        instrumentalities.--A State or an agency or 
                        instrumentality of a State may not, in total, 
                        receive an amount of funds under this section 
                        for a fiscal year in excess of 15 percent of 
                        the funds authorized and appropriated under 
                        subsection (i) for the fiscal year.
                    ``(E) Previous awards.--
                            ``(i) In general.--An entity to which a 
                        grant or grant and loan combination is made 
                        under subsection (c) shall not use the grant or 
                        grant and loan combination to deploy broadband 
                        service in a service area in which broadband 
                        service is deployed by any other entity that 
                        has received, prior to the date on which the 
                        application window is opened by the Rural 
                        Utilities Service with respect to that grant or 
                        grant and loan combination, a broadband grant 
                        or loan from the Rural Utilities Service, the 
                        National Telecommunications and Information 
                        Administration, the Department of the Treasury, 
                        the Federal Communications Commission, or a 
                        State broadband grant program, unless the 
                        service provided by the other entity does not 
                        provide to at least 75 percent of the 
                        households in the service area access to 
                        broadband service of at least--
                                    ``(I) a 100-Mbps downstream 
                                transmission capacity; and
                                    ``(II) a 20-Mbps upstream 
                                transmission capacity.
                            ``(ii) Consideration.--In carrying out 
                        clause (i), the Secretary shall, at a minimum, 
                        consider the maps created by the Federal 
                        Communications Commission pursuant to section 
                        802(c)(1) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 
                        U.S.C. 642(c)(1)).
            ``(2) Equity requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may require an 
                entity to provide a cost share in an amount not to 
                exceed 25 percent of the amount of the grant (including 
                the grant in a grant and loan combination) under 
                subsection (c) requested in the application of the 
                entity.
                    ``(B) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the cost 
                share requirement under subparagraph (A) for entities 
                or projects described in subsection (c)(4).
            ``(3) Technical assistance and training.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may provide to 
                eligible entities described in paragraph (1) that are 
                applying for assistance under this section for a 
                project described in subsection (c)(3)(A) technical 
                assistance and training--
                            ``(i) to prepare reports and surveys 
                        necessary to request grants, loans, and grant 
                        and loan combinations under this section for 
                        broadband deployment;
                            ``(ii) to improve management, including 
                        financial management, relating to the proposed 
                        broadband deployment;
                            ``(iii) to prepare applications for grants, 
                        loans, and grant and loan combinations under 
                        this section; or
                            ``(iv) to assist with other areas of need 
                        identified by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Funding.--Not less than 3 percent and not 
                more than 5 percent of amounts appropriated under 
                subsection (i) to carry out this section for a fiscal 
                year shall be used for technical assistance and 
                training under this paragraph.
    ``(e) Broadband Service.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), for purposes 
        of this section, the minimum acceptable level of broadband 
        service for a rural area shall be at least--
                    ``(A) a 100-Mbps downstream transmission capacity; 
                and
                    ``(B) a 100-Mbps upstream transmission capacity.
            ``(2) Adjustments.--At least once every 2 years, the 
        Secretary shall review, and may adjust through notice published 
        in the Federal Register, the minimum acceptable level of 
        broadband service established under paragraph (1) and broadband 
        buildout requirements under paragraph (3) to ensure that high 
        quality, cost-effective broadband service is provided to rural 
        areas over time.
            ``(3) Broadband buildout requirements.--
                    ``(A) Definition of broadband buildout 
                requirement.--In this paragraph, the term `broadband 
                buildout requirement' means the level of internet 
                service an applicant receiving assistance under this 
                section must agree, at the time the application is 
                finalized, to provide for the duration of any project-
                related agreement between the applicant and the 
                Department.
                    ``(B) Establishment of broadband buildout 
                requirements.--The Secretary shall establish broadband 
                buildout requirements that--
                            ``(i) utilize the same metrics used to 
                        define the minimum acceptable level of 
                        broadband service under paragraph (1); and
                            ``(ii) reasonably ensure--
                                    ``(I) the repayment of all loans; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) the financed network is 
                                technically capable of providing 
                                broadband service for the lifetime of 
                                any project-related agreement.
                    ``(C) Substitute service standards for unique 
                service territories.--
                            ``(i) In general.--If an applicant shows 
                        that it would be cost prohibitive to meet the 
                        broadband buildout requirements established 
                        under this paragraph for the entirety of a 
                        proposed service territory due to the unique 
                        characteristics of the proposed service 
                        territory, the Secretary and the applicant may 
                        agree to utilize substitute standards for any 
                        unserved portion of the project.
                            ``(ii) Requirement.--Any substitute service 
                        standards described in clause (i) should 
                        continue to consider the best technology 
                        available to meet the needs of the residents in 
                        the unserved area.'';
            (2) by redesignating subsections (g), (h), and (i) as 
        subsections (f), (g), and (h), respectively;
            (3) in subsection (f) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Loans 
                and Loan Guarantees.--'' and inserting ``Loans.--''; 
                and
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``or loan guarantee''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) by striking clause (ii);
                                    (II) by striking ``Secretary--'' in 
                                the matter preceding clause (i) and all 
                                that follows through ``in the case'' in 
                                the matter preceding subclause (I) of 
                                clause (i) and inserting ``Secretary in 
                                the case''; and
                                    (III) by redesignating subclauses 
                                (I) and (II) as clauses (i) and (ii), 
                                respectively, and indenting 
                                appropriately;
            (4) in subsection (g) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``or loan guarantee'' each place it appears;
            (5) in subsection (h) (as so redesignated), in paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``1974)'' and inserting ``1974 (2 U.S.C. 
        661a))''; and
            (6) by striking subsections (j) and (k) and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(i) Funding.--
            ``(1) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out subsections 
        (a) through (h) $650,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 
        through 2029, to remain available until expended.
            ``(2) Mandatory funding.--There is appropriated to the 
        Secretary, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise 
        appropriated, $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal 
        year thereafter to carry out subsections (a) through (h), to 
        remain available until expended.
            ``(3) Direct funding.--
                    ``(A) Rescission.--There is rescinded the 
                unobligated balance of amounts made available to carry 
                out section 779 of division A of the Consolidated 
                Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law 115-141; 132 Stat. 
                399).
                    ``(B) Direct funding.--On the day after the 
                execution of the rescission in subparagraph (A), there 
                is appropriated to the Secretary, out of amounts in the 
                Treasury not otherwise appropriated, an amount equal to 
                the amount rescinded in subparagraph (A), to carry out 
                subsections (a) through (h), to remain available until 
                expended.
            ``(4) Administration.--Not more than 5 percent of the 
        amounts made available under paragraphs (1) through (3) shall 
        be available to the Secretary for the administration of 
        subsections (a) through (h).
    ``(j) Additional Rural Broadband Program Loans.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may provide direct and 
        guaranteed loans in accordance with the requirements under this 
        section, as in effect on the day before the date of enactment 
        of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this 
        subsection $350,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029, to remain available until expended.''.
    (b) Sunset.--Beginning on the date that is 120 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, section 779 of division A of the Consolidated 
Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law 115-141; 132 Stat. 399), shall 
have no force or effect.
    (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 701(b)(2) of the Rural 
Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950cc(b)(2)) is amended, in the 
matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``section 
601(c)(2)(A)(i)'' and inserting ``section 601(c)(3)(A)''.
    (d) Improving Federal Broadband Program Coordination.--Section 6212 
of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 950bb-6) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) as 
        subsections (b), (c), (e), and (a), respectively, and moving 
        the subsections so as to appear in alphabetical order;
            (2) in subsection (a) (as so redesignated), in paragraph 
        (3), by striking ``section 601(b)(3) of the Rural 
        Electrification Act of 1936'' and inserting ``section 601(b) of 
        the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb(b))'';
            (3) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated), in paragraph 
        (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Access to broadband telecommunications 
                services in rural areas.--On awarding a grant or loan 
                under section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act of 
                1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb), the Secretary shall notify the 
                Commission of that award.''; and
            (4) by inserting after subsection (c) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
    ``(d) Memorandum of Understanding Relating to Outreach.--The 
Secretary shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with the 
Assistant Secretary and the Commission to facilitate outreach to 
residents and businesses in rural areas, including--
            ``(1) to evaluate the broadband service needs in rural 
        areas;
            ``(2) to inform residents and businesses in rural areas of 
        available Federal programs that promote broadband access, 
        broadband affordability, and broadband inclusion; and
            ``(3) for such additional goals as the Secretary, the 
        Assistant Secretary, and the Commission determine to be 
        appropriate.''.

SEC. 6302. EXPANSION OF MIDDLE MILE INFRASTRUCTURE INTO RURAL AREAS.

    Section 602(g) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 
950bb-1(g)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 6303. INNOVATIVE BROADBAND ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 603(e) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 
950bb-2(e)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 6304. COMMUNITY CONNECT GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 604 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 
950bb-3) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``less than the'' 
                and all that follows through the period at the end and 
                inserting the following: ``less than--
                    ``(A) a 100-Mbps downstream transmission capacity; 
                and
                    ``(B) a 20-Mbps upstream transmission capacity.''; 
                and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``an area'' and inserting ``a 
                        rural area'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``10-
                        Mbps'' and inserting ``25-Mbps''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``1-
                        Mbps'' and inserting ``3-Mbps'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(2)(A), by striking ``area; or'' and 
        inserting ``area (including any eligible broadband service that 
        will be provided in the future in the eligible service area 
        pursuant to enforceable commitments for network deployment 
        applicable under another broadband funding program); or''; and
            (3) in subsection (g), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

                     PART II--ADDITIONAL AMENDMENTS

SEC. 6311. GUARANTEES FOR BONDS AND NOTES ISSUED FOR ELECTRIFICATION OR 
              TELEPHONE PURPOSES.

    Section 313A(f) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 
940c-1(f)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 6312. RURAL DEVELOPMENT LOANS AND GRANTS.

    Section 313B(e)(1) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 
U.S.C. 940c-2(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``$10,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``$15,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6313. EXPANSION OF 911 ACCESS.

    Section 315(d) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 
940e(d)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

        Subtitle D--Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act

SEC. 6401. WATER, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND WASTEWATER FACILITY GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence--
                    (A) by striking ``Indian tribes on'' and inserting 
                ``Indian Tribes on''; and
                    (B) by striking ``tribes, and'' and inserting 
                ``Tribes and Tribal organizations, including wholly or 
                majority owned Tribal entities or corporations that 
                provide services or programs consistent with the 
                purposes of the applicable program under this section, 
                and''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)(ii)--
                            (i) by striking ``per centum'' and 
                        inserting ``percent''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``area.'' and inserting 
                        ``area, except that in the case of demonstrated 
                        need, as determined by the Secretary, the 
                        amount of a grant made under the authority of 
                        this subparagraph for necessary expenses of 
                        developing a complete application to carry out 
                        an eligible project under this subparagraph may 
                        exceed 75 percent, but shall not exceed 100 
                        percent, of those expenses to be incurred.''; 
                        and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in clause (iii), by striking 
                        ``$200,000'' each place it appears and 
                        inserting ``$500,000''; and
                            (ii) in clause (vii), by striking 
                        ``$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 
                        through 2023'' and inserting ``$30,000,000 for 
                        each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm 
and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (13), in the first sentence, by striking 
        ``(including an Indian tribe'' and all that follows through 
        ``tribal group)'' and inserting ``(including Indian Tribes and 
        Tribal organizations described in paragraph (1))'';
            (2) in paragraph (19)(A), by striking ``Indian Tribes'' and 
        all that follows through ``federally recognized Indian tribes'' 
        and inserting ``and Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations 
        described in paragraph (1)'';
            (3) paragraph (20)(B), in the matter preceding clause (i), 
        by striking ``Indian tribes'' and all that follows through 
        ``450b))'' and inserting ``Indian Tribes and Tribal 
        organizations described in paragraph (1)'';
            (4) paragraph (21)(A)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 
                ``Indian tribes'' and all that follows through 
                ``450b))'' and inserting ``Indian Tribes and Tribal 
                organizations described in paragraph (1)''; and
                    (B) in clause (i)--
                            (i) in subclause (I), by adding ``or'' 
                        after the semicolon; and
                            (ii) by striking subclauses (II) and (III) 
                        and inserting the following:
                                    ``(II) an Indian Tribe or Tribal 
                                organization described in paragraph 
                                (1);''.
            (5) paragraph (26)(A), in the matter preceding clause (i), 
        by striking ``Indian tribes on Federal and State reservations'' 
        and inserting ``Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations 
        described in paragraph (1)''.

SEC. 6402. SEARCH GRANTS.

    Section 306(a)(2)(C)(ii) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2)(C)(ii)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
                                    ``(III) In-kind contribution.--In 
                                the case of demonstrated need, as 
                                determined by the Secretary, the non-
                                Federal share of the cost of a project 
                                funded under this subparagraph may be 
                                provided in the form of in-kind 
                                contributions.''.

SEC. 6403. RURAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING 
              PROGRAMS.

    Section 306(a)(14) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(14)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
                    ``(D) Multiyear grants.--The Secretary may award 
                grants under subparagraph (A) for a period of more than 
                1 year, but not more than 5 years, to private nonprofit 
                organizations described in subparagraph (B), as 
                determined by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 6404. RURAL WATER AND WASTEWATER CIRCUIT RIDER PROGRAM.

    Section 306(a)(22)(B) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(22)(B)) is amended by striking 
``$25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023'' and 
inserting ``$30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6405. RURAL WATER AND WASTEWATER CYBERSECURITY CIRCUIT RIDER 
              PROGRAM.

    Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) is amended by inserting after paragraph (22) the 
following:
            ``(23) Rural water and wastewater cybersecurity circuit 
        rider program.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
                cybersecurity circuit rider program, which shall be 
                structured similar to the general authorities under 
                paragraph (22), to provide technical assistance to 
                associations described in paragraph (1) that operate 
                rural water or wastewater systems--
                            ``(i) to provide rapid assessments of the 
                        current ability or inability of those 
                        associations--
                                    ``(I) to respond to cybersecurity 
                                threats; and
                                    ``(II) to protect the 
                                cyberinfrastructure of those 
                                associations and public health;
                            ``(ii) to develop reasonable protocols to 
                        enhance cybersecurity protection;
                            ``(iii) to provide assistance to address 
                        inadequate cyber protection plans; and
                            ``(iv) to document the state of cyber 
                        protection with respect to the water supplies 
                        of those associations.
                    ``(B) Report requirement.--A circuit rider that 
                receives funding under this paragraph shall submit to 
                the Secretary an annual report documenting--
                            ``(i) the associations served by the 
                        circuit rider under this paragraph; and
                            ``(ii) the activities performed by the 
                        circuit rider under this paragraph.
                    ``(C) Requirements for circuit riders.--To provide 
                technical assistance under subparagraph (A), a circuit 
                rider shall possess the necessary experience and 
                certification to effectively carry out the activities 
                described in that subparagraph, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
                    ``(D) Authorization of appropriations.--There is 
                authorized to be appropriated to carry out this 
                paragraph $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 
                through 2029.''.

SEC. 6406. TRIBAL COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY 
              FACILITIES.

    Section 306(a)(25)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(25)(C)) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 6407. ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND 
              TRAINING.

    Section 306(a)(26) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(26)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
                    ``(D) National or multi-state awards.--Of the 
                amounts available to carry out this paragraph for a 
                fiscal year, the Secretary shall use not less than 2 
                percent to award grants under this paragraph to 1 or 
                more of the entities described in subparagraph (A) for 
                the purpose of providing on-site technical assistance 
                and training on a national or multi-State regional 
                basis.''.

SEC. 6408. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 
              PROGRAM.

    Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(27) Emergency preparedness and response technical 
        assistance program.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish an 
                emergency preparedness and response technical 
                assistance program to provide grants to eligible 
                entities to assist associations described in paragraph 
                (1) that operate rural water or wastewater systems in 
                preparing for and responding to natural or man-made 
                disasters, as determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to 
                receive a grant under subparagraph (A) is a nonprofit 
                organization that--
                            ``(i) has demonstrated experience providing 
                        emergency technical assistance for disaster 
                        preparation, recovery, and response activities 
                        to water and wastewater utilities nationwide; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) has the capacity to deploy personnel 
                        that possess--
                                    ``(I) an active water or wastewater 
                                system operators' license; or
                                    ``(II) documented knowledge of 
                                water and wastewater utilities 
                                necessary to carry out activities 
                                described in subparagraph (C).
                    ``(C) Eligible activities.--An eligible entity that 
                receives a grant under subparagraph (A) shall use the 
                grant--
                            ``(i) to provide on-site personnel and 
                        equipment to assist with water and wastewater 
                        systems in the event of a disaster;
                            ``(ii) to coordinate with statewide 
                        emergency response networks to assist with 
                        water and wastewater systems;
                            ``(iii) to facilitate the development of 
                        disaster action plans between associations 
                        described in subparagraph (A), units of local 
                        government, the Federal Emergency Management 
                        Agency, and State emergency management 
                        agencies;
                            ``(iv) to improve resiliency and mitigation 
                        planning with respect to water or wastewater 
                        systems;
                            ``(v) to provide geographic information 
                        system mapping of water and wastewater systems;
                            ``(vi) to prepare or update predisaster 
                        risk and resiliency assessments, emergency 
                        response plans, communication protocols, or 
                        hazard recognition and evaluation skills with 
                        respect to water and wastewater systems;
                            ``(vii) to conduct preliminary damage 
                        assessments of critical infrastructure in the 
                        event of a disaster;
                            ``(viii) to provide emergency services with 
                        respect to water and wastewater systems to 
                        restore service in the event of a disaster, 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) pump and motor evaluation and 
                                repair;
                                    ``(II) water disinfection and 
                                flushing;
                                    ``(III) leak detection;
                                    ``(IV) line repair;
                                    ``(V) water main and valve 
                                location;
                                    ``(VI) emergency power generation;
                                    ``(VII) bypass pumping;
                                    ``(VIII) water treatment; and
                                    ``(IX) maintaining safety measures;
                            ``(ix) to address outstanding deficiencies 
                        focused on resolving health-based regulatory, 
                        operational, financial, and managerial 
                        deficiencies that impact the sustainability of 
                        water and wastewater systems;
                            ``(x) to assist with application and 
                        reporting requirements for Federal and State 
                        agencies, including the Federal Emergency 
                        Management Agency and insurance recovery 
                        claims, with respect to water and wastewater 
                        systems; and
                            ``(xi) to provide for disaster preparation, 
                        support, and response activities targeted to 
                        disadvantaged communities that lack the 
                        financial resources and human capital necessary 
                        to adequately address significant health, 
                        safety, or sanitary concerns with respect to 
                        the water and wastewater systems of those 
                        communities.
                    ``(D) Use of funds.--
                            ``(i) In general.--An eligible entity that 
                        receives a grant under subparagraph (A) may use 
                        the grant for salaries, supplies, and expenses 
                        relating to the activities described in 
                        subparagraph (C).
                            ``(ii) Limitation.--Not more than 25 
                        percent of the amount of a grant under 
                        subparagraph (A) may be used to purchase or 
                        reimburse the rental costs of appropriate 
                        emergency equipment, as determined by the 
                        Secretary.
                    ``(E) Restriction.--An eligible entity that 
                receives a grant under subparagraph (A) may not use the 
                grant funds to pay for eligible activities for which 
                the eligible entity receives other Federal funds.
                    ``(F) Authorization of appropriations.--There is 
                authorized to be appropriated to carry out this 
                paragraph $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 
                through 2029.''.

SEC. 6409. ASSISTANCE TO PROVIDE WATER AND WASTEWATER SERVICES IN 
              FINANCIALLY DISTRESSED RURAL AREAS.

    Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) (as amended by section 6408) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(28) Assistance to provide water and wastewater services 
        in financially distressed rural areas.--
                    ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) Eligible area.--The term `eligible 
                        area' means a rural area that--
                                    ``(I) is a low-income community, as 
                                determined by the Secretary;
                                    ``(II) is unable to provide water 
                                and wastewater services to the 
                                residents of the rural area because the 
                                rural area--
                                            ``(aa) lacks the capacity--

                                                    ``(AA) to operate, 
                                                maintain, or manage 
                                                water and wastewater 
                                                facilities or services; 
                                                or

                                                    ``(BB) to provide 
                                                for the continued 
                                                availability and use of 
                                                those facilities or 
                                                services at reasonable 
                                                user rates and charges; 
                                                or

                                            ``(bb) lacks the financial, 
                                        technical, or managerial 
                                        capability to consistently 
                                        comply with pertinent Federal 
                                        and State laws and 
                                        requirements; and
                                    ``(III) voluntarily agrees to the 
                                provision of water or wastewater 
                                services in the rural area by an 
                                eligible association the service area 
                                of which is contiguous to, or in the 
                                locality of, the rural area.
                            ``(ii) Eligible association.--The term 
                        `eligible association' means an association 
                        described in paragraph (1) that--
                                    ``(I) currently receives, or is 
                                eligible for, assistance under a rural 
                                water or wastewater program; and
                                    ``(II) is experienced in, and 
                                currently, providing functioning water 
                                and wastewater services to the 
                                residents of a rural area.
                            ``(iii) Rural water or wastewater 
                        program.--The term `rural water or wastewater 
                        program' means a water or wastewater program 
                        under this subsection.
                    ``(B) Assistance.--The Secretary may provide 
                financial or technical assistance under a rural water 
                or wastewater program to an eligible association for 
                the purpose of providing water and wastewater services 
                to the residents of an eligible area that is contiguous 
                to, or in the locality of, the service area of the 
                eligible association.
                    ``(C) Consolidation and regionalization.--
                            ``(i) In general.--For purposes of 
                        providing water and wastewater services using 
                        assistance provided under subparagraph (B), an 
                        eligible association and an eligible area may--
                                    ``(I) consolidate governance, 
                                management, and financial functions; or
                                    ``(II) enter into a regional 
                                partnership.
                            ``(ii) Effect on population limitation.--If 
                        an eligible association and an eligible area 
                        consolidate or enter into a regional 
                        partnership pursuant to clause (i), the 
                        Secretary shall only consider the population of 
                        the eligible area for purposes of eligibility 
                        for assistance under subparagraph (B).
                            ``(iii) Use of systems.--Notwithstanding 
                        any other provision of law, an eligible 
                        association may use assistance provided under 
                        subparagraph (B) to provide water or wastewater 
                        services to an eligible area using--
                                    ``(I) the system of the eligible 
                                association;
                                    ``(II) a system located in the 
                                eligible area; or
                                    ``(III) a combination of both 
                                systems.
                    ``(D) Limitation.--An eligible association that 
                receives financial assistance under subparagraph (B) 
                shall only use that financial assistance for the 
                benefit of the residents of the eligible area with 
                respect to which the financial assistance is 
                provided.''.

SEC. 6410. EMERGENCY AND IMMINENT COMMUNITY WATER ASSISTANCE GRANT 
              PROGRAM.

    Section 306A of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1926a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``entity;'' and 
        inserting ``entity or federally recognized Indian Tribe or 
        Tribal organization (including wholly or majority owned Tribal 
        entities or corporations that provide services or programs 
        consistent with the purposes of the program under this 
        section);''; and
            (2) in subsection (i)(2), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 6411. ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR RURAL WATER SYSTEMS.

    Subtitle A of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act is 
amended by inserting after section 306A (7 U.S.C. 1926a) the following:

``SEC. 306B. ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR RURAL WATER SYSTEMS.

    ``(a) Definition of Eligible Entity.--In this section, the term 
`eligible entity' means a rural water, wastewater, or waste disposal 
facility with respect to which assistance may be provided under a 
water, wastewater, or waste disposal program under section 306(a), 
306A, 306C, or 306D.
    ``(b) Additional Assistance.--
            ``(1) Grants and loans.--The Secretary may provide a grant, 
        a zero percent interest loan, or a 1 percent interest loan to 
        an eligible entity.
            ``(2) Existing loans.--The Secretary may--
                    ``(A) forgive principal or interest or modify any 
                term or condition of an outstanding loan made to an 
                eligible entity; or
                    ``(B) refinance part or all of any other loan (if 
                the purpose of the loan is an eligible purpose under 
                section 306(a)(1) or 306C) made to an eligible entity.
            ``(3) Limitation.--The Secretary may not provide 
        forgiveness under paragraph (2)(A) with respect to a loan made 
        under paragraph (1).
    ``(c) Eligible Purposes.--The Secretary may provide assistance to 
an eligible entity under subsection (b) as the Secretary determines is 
necessary--
            ``(1) to ensure that the eligible entity has the necessary 
        resources to improve or construct public utilities or to 
        otherwise maintain or enhance public health, safety, 
        affordability, or order; or
            ``(2) to address financial hardships of the eligible 
        entity, if the eligible entity is located in a disadvantaged or 
        economically distressed area, as determined under subsection 
        (d).
    ``(d) Determination.--To determine whether an eligible entity may 
receive assistance pursuant to subsection (c)(2), the Secretary shall 
establish and use--
            ``(1) a residential indicator of affordable water services 
        in each State or local or geographic area, calculated using the 
        cost per household as a percentage of median household income; 
        and
            ``(2) factors relating to disadvantaged or economically 
        distressed areas.''.

SEC. 6412. WATER SYSTEMS FOR RURAL AND NATIVE VILLAGES IN ALASKA.

    Section 306D of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1926d) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``construction of water 
        and wastewater systems'' and inserting ``construction of water 
        systems and wastewater systems, including community-based 
        systems,'';
            (2) in subsection (c), by inserting ``and the Alaska Native 
        Tribal Health Consortium'' after ``State of Alaska''; and
            (3) in subsection (d)(1), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 6413. RURAL DECENTRALIZED WATER SYSTEMS.

    Section 306E of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1926e) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections 
        (d) and (e), respectively;
            (2) by striking subsection (a) and all that follows through 
        the period at the end of subsection (b)(1) and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(a) Definition of Eligible Entity.--In this section, the term 
`eligible entity' means--
            ``(1) a private nonprofit organization; and
            ``(2) a federally recognized Indian Tribe or Tribal 
        organization, including any wholly or majority owned Tribal 
        entity or corporation that provides services or programs 
        consistent with the purposes of the program under this section.
    ``(b) Grants to Eligible Entities.--The Secretary may provide 
grants to eligible entities for the purpose of providing subgrants and 
loans in accordance with subsection (c) to individuals for the 
construction, refurbishing, and servicing of individual household water 
well systems and individually owned household decentralized wastewater 
systems in rural areas that are or will be owned by the individuals.
    ``(c) Loans and Subgrants to Individuals.--
            ``(1) In general.--An eligible entity shall use grant 
        amounts received under subsection (b) to provide--
                    ``(A) subgrants for use in accordance with this 
                section to individuals residing in the service area of 
                the eligible entity who are members of a household with 
                a combined income (for the most recent 12-month period 
                for which the information is available) that is less 
                than 60 percent of the median nonmetropolitan household 
                income for the area, according to the most recent 
                decennial census; and
                    ``(B) loans for use in accordance with this section 
                to individuals residing in the service area of the 
                eligible entity who are members of a household with a 
                combined income (for the most recent 12-month period 
                for which the information is available) that is not 
                more than 100 percent of the median nonmetropolitan 
                household income for the area, according to the most 
                recent decennial census.'';
            (3) in subsection (c) (as so designated)--
                    (A) by striking ``this section'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``subsection (b)'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``$15,000'' 
                and inserting ``$25,000''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Funding to cover cost of performance warranties.--A 
        subgrant provided to an individual under this subsection for an 
        individually owned household decentralized wastewater system 
        may include sufficient additional funding to cover the cost of 
        a performance warranty with a duration of at least 5 years.
            ``(6) Technical assistance and support.--An eligible entity 
        that receives a grant under subsection (b) may use an amount 
        equal to not more than 10 percent of the grant to provide 
        technical assistance and support to individuals eligible for a 
        subgrant or loan under this subsection relating to the 
        installation and maintenance of household decentralized water 
        and wastewater systems.
            ``(7) Determination of ownership.--An eligible entity that 
        receives a grant under subsection (b) shall allow for multiple 
        methods to determine ownership under that subsection to account 
        for undivided ownership interests.'';
            (4) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``this section, the Secretary shall give priority to an 
        applicant'' and inserting ``subsection (b), the Secretary shall 
        give priority to an eligible entity''; and
            (5) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6414. HEALTHY DRINKING WATER AFFORDABILITY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    Subtitle A of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act is 
amended by inserting after section 306E (7 U.S.C. 1926e) the following:

``SEC. 306F. HEALTHY DRINKING WATER AFFORDABILITY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Approved installation.--The term `approved 
        installation' means the installation of an eligible drinking 
        water quality improvement product or a certified filter 
        component by a qualified third-party installer that--
                    ``(A) complies with all local and State 
                regulations; and
                    ``(B) follows the installation instructions of the 
                manufacturer.
            ``(2) Approved maintenance.--The term `approved 
        maintenance' means required maintenance--
                    ``(A) performed on an eligible drinking water 
                quality improvement product that includes maintenance 
                and replacement of the certified filter component;
                    ``(B) performed by a service technician who--
                            ``(i) is--
                                    ``(I) professionally qualified, 
                                certified, or licensed as a water 
                                treatment product maintenance 
                                professional, including a professional 
                                credentialed through a manufacturer or 
                                third party;
                                    ``(II) operating under the 
                                supervision of a service technician 
                                described in subclause (I);
                                    ``(III) a licensed plumber or a 
                                plumber operating under the supervision 
                                of a licensed plumbing contractor; or
                                    ``(IV) an individual who holds a 
                                license or certification related to 
                                water treatment technologies issued by 
                                a State or local government; and
                            ``(ii) regularly completes continuing 
                        education on water treatment technology and 
                        other subjects that enhance the services 
                        provided under this section;
                    ``(C) that complies with all local and State 
                regulations; and
                    ``(D) that follows the maintenance instructions of 
                the manufacturer.
            ``(3) Certified filter component.--The term `certified 
        filter component' means a replaceable or replacement filter 
        component--
                    ``(A) for which approved maintenance can be 
                performed; and
                    ``(B) that is certified by a third-party certifier 
                as compliant with--
                            ``(i) NSF P231;
                            ``(ii) NSF/ANSI Standard 42, 44, 53, 55, 
                        58, or 401; or
                            ``(iii) another successor or relevant 
                        consensus-based standard for drinking water 
                        treatment units or systems that addresses 
                        health contaminant reduction, as determined by 
                        the Secretary.
            ``(4) Eligible drinking water quality improvement 
        product.--The term `eligible drinking water quality improvement 
        product' means a point-of-use or point-of-entry system--
                    ``(A) incorporating a certified filter component; 
                and
                    ``(B) that is certified by a third-party certifier 
                to meet standards described in paragraph (3)(B)--
                            ``(i) for material safety and performance; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) to improve drinking water quality.
            ``(5) Eligible end user.--The term `eligible end user' 
        means a person or entity located in a rural area (as defined in 
        section 343(a)(13)(B)) that is--
                    ``(A)(i) a homeowner;
                    ``(ii) an individual lessee or renter of a home, 
                apartment, or other dwelling;
                    ``(iii) a property owner of a multi-unit 
                residential building with 25 or fewer owned, leased, or 
                rented dwelling units;
                    ``(iv) a licensed child-care facility; or
                    ``(v) an owned, leased, or rented facility; and
                    ``(B) supported by a finding of need through--
                            ``(i) a qualified water quality test 
                        demonstrating the presence of 1 or more health 
                        contaminants; or
                            ``(ii) other documentation determined to be 
                        satisfactory by the Secretary demonstrating the 
                        presence of 1 or more health contaminants.
            ``(6) Eligible grant recipient.--The term `eligible grant 
        recipient' means--
                    ``(A) an eligible end user; and
                    ``(B) a nonprofit organization that uses a grant 
                provided under this section for the purposes described 
                in subsection (c)(2).
            ``(7) Health contaminant.--The term `health contaminant' 
        means--
                    ``(A) a health contaminant found in drinking water, 
                including lead, arsenic, nitrate, perfluoroalkyl and 
                polyfluoroalkyl substances, hexavalent chromium 
                (chrome-6), and volatile organic compounds; and
                    ``(B) any other contaminant--
                            ``(i) that can be reduced by an eligible 
                        drinking water quality improvement product or a 
                        certified filter component in accordance with 
                        the standards described in paragraph (3)(B); 
                        and
                            ``(ii)(I) with respect to which the 
                        Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
                        Agency has established--
                                    ``(aa) a primary drinking water 
                                regulation (as defined in section 1401 
                                of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 
                                U.S.C. 300f));
                                    ``(bb) a maximum contaminant level 
                                goal established in accordance with 
                                section 1412(b) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 
                                300g-1(b)); or
                                    ``(cc) a health advisory issued 
                                pursuant to section 1412(b)(1)(F) of 
                                that Act (42 U.S.C. 300g-1(b)(1)(F)); 
                                or
                            ``(II) that is regulated by a State agency.
            ``(8) Improve drinking water quality.--The term `improve 
        drinking water quality' means to improve the quality of the 
        water supplied between its source and human consumption by 
        reducing or removing 1 or more health contaminants.
            ``(9) Qualified third-party installer.--The term `qualified 
        third-party installer' means a person who--
                    ``(A) is--
                            ``(i) a professionally qualified, 
                        certified, or licensed water treatment product 
                        installation professional, including such a 
                        professional credentialed through a 
                        manufacturer or third party;
                            ``(ii) a licensed plumber or individual who 
                        holds a license or certification related to 
                        water treatment technologies issued by a State 
                        or local government; or
                            ``(iii) a company or plumbing contractor 
                        employing individuals described in clause (i) 
                        or (ii); and
                    ``(B) regularly completes, or requires applicable 
                employees to complete, continuing education on water 
                treatment technology and other subjects that enhance 
                the services provided under this section.
            ``(10) Qualified water quality test.--The term `qualified 
        water quality test' means a baseline analysis of the bacterial 
        and chemical characteristics of concern from a drinking water 
        sample collected at the point of consumption and tested by a 
        laboratory certified to conduct water quality testing--
                    ``(A) that is provided to--
                            ``(i) the Secretary; and
                            ``(ii) as applicable--
                                    ``(I) a person seeking a grant 
                                under this section;
                                    ``(II) an eligible end user 
                                receiving a grant under this section; 
                                or
                                    ``(III) an eligible grant recipient 
                                receiving a grant under this section 
                                and any eligible end users served by 
                                the eligible grant recipient; and
                    ``(B) that includes information that provides--
                            ``(i) guidance on test interpretation, 
                        including whether the bacteria or chemical 
                        characteristic of concern meets or exceeds a 
                        prescribed health-based contaminant level; and
                            ``(ii) sources and citations that eligible 
                        grant recipients, independent third-party 
                        organizations and institutions, and government 
                        agencies may review and consult--
                                    ``(I) to determine available 
                                eligible drinking water quality 
                                improvement products for addressing 
                                detected contaminants; and
                                    ``(II) to evaluate efficacy across 
                                eligible drinking water quality 
                                improvement products.
            ``(11) Third-party certifier.--The term `third-party 
        certifier' means an independent certification body accredited 
        to ISO Standard 17065, `Conformity assessment--Requirements for 
        bodies certifying products, processes and services', by an 
        entity domiciled in the United States that is a signatory to 
        the International Accreditation Forum Multilateral Recognition 
        Arrangement, such as the Water Quality Association, NSF 
        International, the International Association of Plumbing and 
        Mechanical Officials, and the International Code Council 
        Evaluation Service.
    ``(b) Establishment of Program.--Not later than 120 days after the 
date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall promulgate 
regulations to establish, and shall carry out, a clean drinking water 
program to provide grants to eligible grant recipients to improve 
drinking water quality of eligible end users.
    ``(c) Eligible Uses of Grants.--
            ``(1) In general.--A grant under this section shall be 
        used, as directed by the Secretary, for--
                    ``(A) the purchase of an eligible drinking water 
                quality improvement product or a replacement certified 
                filter component;
                    ``(B) the approved installation by a qualified 
                third-party installer of an eligible drinking water 
                quality improvement product;
                    ``(C) the purchase and approved installation by a 
                qualified third-party installer of a replacement 
                certified filter component;
                    ``(D) the approved maintenance of an eligible 
                drinking water quality improvement product; or
                    ``(E) qualified water quality tests to support 
                products and services described in subparagraphs (A) 
                through (D).
            ``(2) Nonprofit organizations.--A nonprofit organization 
        that receives a grant under this section shall use the grant, 
        in a manner consistent with the uses described in paragraph (1) 
        and as directed by the Secretary--
                    ``(A) to offer qualified water quality tests for 
                eligible end users on a voluntary basis;
                    ``(B) to facilitate the analysis of qualified water 
                quality test results for eligible end users;
                    ``(C) to assist an eligible end user in determining 
                the response options available and supporting the 
                selection by the eligible end user of a response that 
                best fits the needs of the eligible end user, informed 
                by--
                            ``(i) a qualified water quality test; and
                            ``(ii) an understanding of the relevant 
                        plumbing systems and environmental factors that 
                        will impact point-of-use or point-of-entry 
                        water safety; and
                    ``(D) to coordinate or facilitate the approved 
                installation by a qualified third-party installer of 
                the eligible drinking water quality improvement product 
                selected by an eligible end user.
    ``(d) Grant Limitations.--
            ``(1) Amount.--The amount of a grant under this section 
        shall not exceed the reasonable costs, as determined by the 
        Secretary, of the purposes described in subsection (c) for 
        which the grant is provided.
            ``(2) Income.--No grant provided under this section shall 
        be used to assist an eligible end user who is a member of a 
        household the members of which have a combined income, or an 
        eligible end user with business income, for the most recent 12-
        month period for which the information is available, that is 
        more than 150 percent of the median nonmetropolitan household 
        income for the State or territory in which the eligible end 
        user resides, according to the most recent decennial census of 
        the United States.
    ``(e) Grant Administrator.--The Secretary shall appoint an officer 
or employee of the Department of Agriculture to administer and manage 
grants provided under this section.
    ``(f) Grant Allocation.--In providing grants under this section to 
eligible grant recipients, the Secretary shall allocate funds and make 
grants available in a manner that--
            ``(1) responds to a range of water quality challenges;
            ``(2) prioritizes funding to eligible end-users the sources 
        of drinking water of which are private wells;
            ``(3) improves local and regional capacity to respond to 
        contamination; and
            ``(4) ensures reasonable access to funds for--
                    ``(A) eligible end users seeking a grant under this 
                section; and
                    ``(B) nonprofit organizations seeking a grant under 
                this section.
    ``(g) Reports.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this section, and not less frequently than annually thereafter, the 
Secretary shall submit to Congress, and make publicly available, a 
report--
            ``(1) identifying ongoing barriers to universal safe 
        drinking water prior to and after filtration or other 
        treatment;
            ``(2) analyzing conditions impacting eligible grant 
        recipients, including--
                    ``(A) sources of contamination or degradation of 
                water resources, especially groundwater resources or 
                upstream resources that recharge stores of drinking 
                water;
                    ``(B) trends in bioaccumulation and attenuation of 
                contaminants and nutrients; and
                    ``(C) impacts of infrastructure materials, crop and 
                land management practices, waste management, and other 
                factors that impact drinking water quantity and 
                quality;
            ``(3) providing a comprehensive analysis of--
                    ``(A) technologies available to and purchased by 
                eligible grant recipients; and
                    ``(B) the emerging safe drinking water needs of 
                rural and other homeowners, renters, residential multi-
                unit property owners, licensed child-care facilities, 
                and other groups, as determined by the Secretary;
            ``(4) that includes information describing--
                    ``(A) the types of treatment systems and filter 
                components used under the program established under 
                this section;
                    ``(B) the number of qualified water quality tests 
                conducted under the program established under this 
                section;
                    ``(C) emerging and changing trends relating to 
                steps taken to ensure safe drinking water in 
                communities and households; and
                    ``(D) trends relating to the availability and use 
                of eligible drinking water quality improvement 
                products, including--
                            ``(i) affordability at purchase and through 
                        the lifecycle of the products;
                            ``(ii) consistency of operation as intended 
                        by the manufacturer and installer, including 
                        effectiveness across systems and technologies 
                        at achieving stated health protections; and
                            ``(iii) lifecycle product performance, 
                        energy use, and environmental impact;
            ``(5) providing recommendations regarding the best methods 
        to increase access to--
                    ``(A) grants under this section; and
                    ``(B) the products and services described in 
                subsection (c);
            ``(6) that incorporates input from relevant--
                    ``(A) nongovernmental organizations; and
                    ``(B) certification institutions that oversee the 
                criteria for products and training of installation and 
                maintenance professionals; and
            ``(7) the purposes of which are--
                    ``(A) to improve data on health contaminants in 
                drinking water;
                    ``(B) to provide educational resources on water 
                testing and water quality improvement products and 
                services to eligible grant recipients with drinking 
                water contamination issues;
                    ``(C) to collect information that improves 
                understanding of water testing and water quality 
                improvement products and services, including their 
                associated health and economic benefits; and
                    ``(D) to increase public awareness of water quality 
                issues and treatment options.
    ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $10,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.''.

SEC. 6415. RURAL BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY GUARANTEED LOANS.

    (a) In General.--Section 310B of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``reservations or other federally recognized 
                Indian tribal groups'' and inserting ``reservations or 
                Tribal organizations (including any wholly or majority 
                owned Tribal entity or corporation that provides 
                services or programs consistent with the purposes of 
                the program under this subsection or the program under 
                subsection (g), as applicable)''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``workforce 
                housing and'' before ``pollution abatement''; and
            (2) in subsection (g), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(10) Report.--Not later than December 31, 2025, and each 
        December 31 thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
        and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
        Representatives and make publicly available a report that 
        includes, with respect to the immediately preceding fiscal 
        year, the following:
                    ``(A) The name and description of each underlying 
                loan recipient that closed on a business and industry 
                loan under this subsection, including whether the loan 
                recipient is a minority-owned, Tribal-owned, or woman-
                owned entity.
                    ``(B) A description of the project funded by that 
                loan, including the location of the project.
                    ``(C) The amount of that loan.''.
    (b) Review and Revision.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, to ensure that entities less likely to have 
private funding opportunities have adequate access to business and 
industry direct and guaranteed loans under section 310B(g) of the 
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(g)), the 
Secretary shall review and revise section 4279.117 of title 7, Code of 
Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation), to include such 
additional ineligible purposes and entity types as the Secretary 
determines to be appropriate.

SEC. 6416. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT GRANTS.

    Section 310B(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1932(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence, by inserting 
        ``and federally recognized Indian Tribes and Tribal 
        organizations (including any wholly or majority owned Tribal 
        entity or corporation that provides services or programs 
        consistent with the purposes of the program under this 
        subsection)'' after ``related agencies''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``$10,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2014 through 2023'' and inserting ``$20,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6417. RURAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT GRANTS.

    Section 310B(c) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1932(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraph (B) and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(B) federally recognized Indian Tribes, Tribal 
                organizations (including wholly or majority owned 
                Tribal entities or corporations that provide services 
                or programs consistent with the purposes of the program 
                under this subsection), Alaska Native Corporations, or 
                Native Hawaiian organizations; and'';
            (2) in paragraph (3)(A)--
                    (A) in clause (iv), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (B) in clause (v), by striking ``or'' at the end 
                and inserting ``and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(vi) support outdoor recreation; or'';
            (3) in paragraph (4)(A), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029'';
            (4) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (5); and
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) Multiyear grants.--The Secretary may award grants 
        under this subsection for a period of more than 1 year, but not 
        more than 5 years.''.

SEC. 6418. RURAL COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT GRANTS.

    Section 310B(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1932(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
                subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting before subparagraph (B) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
                    ``(A) Cooperative development.--The term 
                `cooperative development' means activities, including 
                outreach, education, training, and technical 
                assistance, to support the startup, expansion, or 
                ongoing sustainability of new and existing 
                cooperatives.'';
            (2) in paragraph (5)(F), by striking ``contributions,'' and 
        inserting ``contributions by awarding applications that meet 
        the criterion described in this subparagraph the maximum points 
        for this subparagraph in the scoring criteria,'';
            (3) in paragraph (6)(B), by striking ``If the Secretary 
        determines it to be in the best interest of the program, the'' 
        and inserting ``The'';
            (4) in paragraph (12)--
                    (A) by striking ``Not later'' and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, and annually thereafter, the 
                interagency working group established under 
                subparagraph (A) shall make publicly available and 
                submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture 
                of the House of Representatives a report describing--
                            ``(i) research and analysis based on data 
                        from the latest available Economic Census 
                        conducted by the Bureau of the Census on the 
                        effects of all types of cooperatives on the 
                        national economy; and
                            ``(ii) the activities carried out by the 
                        interagency working group in the prior fiscal 
                        year.''; and
            (5) in paragraph (13), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 6419. LOCALLY OR REGIONALLY PRODUCED AGRICULTURAL FOOD PRODUCTS.

    Section 310B(g)(9)(B) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(g)(9)(B)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (i), by inserting ``wholly or majority owned 
        Tribal entities or corporations that provide services or 
        programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this 
        paragraph,'' after ``businesses''; and
            (2) in clause (iv)(I), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 6420. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR RURAL AREAS PROGRAM.

    Section 310B(i)(4) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(i)(4)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 6421. RURAL ECONOMIC AREA PARTNERSHIP ZONES.

    Section 310B(j) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1932(j)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 6422. INTERMEDIARY RELENDING PROGRAM.

    Section 310H of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1936b(i)) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``Indian tribes'' and 
        inserting ``federally recognized Indian Tribes and Tribal 
        organizations (which shall include wholly or majority owned 
        Tribal entities or corporations that provide services or 
        programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this 
        section)''; and
            (2) in subsection (i)--
                    (A) by striking ``subsection'' and inserting 
                ``section''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 6423. RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE PROGRAMS TECHNICAL 
              ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING.

    Section 368(d)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 2008c(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 6424. NATIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIP.

    Section 378 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 2008m) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''; and
            (2) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 6425. GRANTS FOR NOAA WEATHER RADIO TRANSMITTERS.

    Section 379B(d) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 2008p(d)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 6426. RURAL MICROENTREPRENEUR ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    Section 379E of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 2008s) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(2) Indian tribe.--The term `Indian tribe' means an 
        Indian Tribe or a Tribal organization (as those terms are 
        defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and 
        Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)).''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``$50,000'' and 
                inserting ``$75,000'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(3), by adding at the end the 
        following:
                    ``(E) Use of loans.--A loan made by the Secretary 
                to a microenterprise development organization under 
                this paragraph may--
                            ``(i) be used for 100 percent of a loan to 
                        a rural microenterprise; and
                            ``(ii) provide up to 50 percent of the cost 
                        of demolition and construction and related 
                        costs of real estate.''; and
            (3) in subsection (d), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 6427. HEALTH CARE SERVICES.

    Section 379G(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 2008u(e)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 6428. STRATEGIC COMMUNITY INVESTMENT PLANS.

    Section 379H(d)(4) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 2008v(d)(4)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 6429. RURAL INNOVATION STRONGER ECONOMY GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 379I of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 2008w) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``jobs accelerator'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``jobs and technology accelerator'';
            (2) by striking ``industry clusters'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``industries'';
            (3) by striking ``industry cluster'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``industry'';
            (4) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)(iv), by striking 
                        subclause (II) and inserting the following:
                                    ``(II) a federally recognized 
                                Indian Tribe or Tribal organization 
                                (including any wholly or majority owned 
                                Tribal entity or corporation that 
                                provides services or programs 
                                consistent with the purposes of the 
                                program under this section) or a 
                                consortium of federally recognized 
                                Indian Tribes.''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)(ii)--
                                    (I) by striking subclause (II); and
                                    (II) by redesignating subclauses 
                                (III) and (IV) as subclauses (II) and 
                                (III), respectively;
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2);
                    (C) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(4) Jobs and technology accelerator.--The term `jobs and 
        technology accelerator' means a jobs and technology accelerator 
        center or program located in or serving a low-income rural 
        community that--
                    ``(A) may provide co-working space, in-demand 
                skills training, entrepreneurship support, and any 
                other services described in subsection (d)(1)(B); and
                    ``(B) increases jobs in that low-income rural 
                community.''; and
                    (D) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (5) as 
                paragraphs (2) through (4), respectively;
            (5) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by striking ``jobs accelerators,'' 
                and inserting ``jobs and technology accelerators,''; 
                and
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking ``not fewer than 
                25 States at any time'' and inserting ``a 
                geographically diverse manner and taking into account 
                different methods of measuring distress in rural 
                communities''; and
            (6) in subsection (f), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 6430. RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 384S of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 2009cc-18) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 6431. INVESTMENTS IN RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE.

    There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise 
appropriated--
            (1) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year 
        thereafter, to remain available until expended, for rural water 
        and waste disposal grants under section 306(a)(2) of the 
        Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 
        1926(a)(2)); and
            (2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year 
        thereafter, to remain available until expended, for community 
        facilities grants under section 306(a)(19) of that Act (7 
        U.S.C. 1926(a)(19)), to remain available until expended.

                       Subtitle E--Miscellaneous

SEC. 6501. DISTANCE LEARNING AND TELEMEDICINE.

    (a) Use of Grants for Operating Expenses.--Section 2333 of the 
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 
950aaa-2) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``and operation'' after 
        ``construction'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(B), by adding ``and'' at the 
                end; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``or extend'' 
                each place it appears and inserting ``extend, or 
                operate'';
            (3) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``or'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph 
                (5); and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) operation of the programming, equipment, or 
        facilities referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2); or''; and
            (4) by striking subsection (g) and inserting the following:
    ``(g) Operating Expenses.--Not more than 15 percent of the amount 
of financial assistance provided to a recipient under this chapter may 
be used for operating expenses, including salaries or administrative 
expenses, that are reasonable and allocable to the project carried out 
by the recipient.''.
    (b) Waiver of Matching Requirement.--Section 2334 of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 950aaa-3) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Waiver of Matching Requirement.--The Secretary shall waive 
any requirement for a recipient of financial assistance under this 
chapter to provide non-Federal matching funds--
            ``(1) in a case of demonstrated need or if the matching 
        requirement would create a substantial burden, as determined by 
        the Secretary; or
            ``(2) if the recipient is a federally recognized Indian 
        Tribe.''.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 2335A of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 950aaa-5) is 
amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 
2029''.
    (d) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1(b) of Public Law 102-551 (7 
U.S.C. 950aaa note) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 6502. LAST ACRE PROJECTS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Broadband service.--The term ``broadband service'' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 601(b) of the Rural 
        Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb(b)).
            (2) Configuration management plan.--The term 
        ``configuration management plan'', with respect to a covered 
        provider, means a comprehensive description of the roles, 
        responsibilities, policies, and procedures intended to improve 
        the integrity of the systems and networks of the covered 
        provider.
            (3) Covered producer.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``covered producer'' 
                means a person or entity that is directly engaged in 
                the production of agricultural products, including 
                crops or livestock, on eligible land that is unserved 
                or underserved, such that a majority of the gross 
                income of the person or entity is derived from those 
                products.
                    (B) Inclusion.--The term ``covered producer'' 
                includes agricultural research centers of the 
                Agricultural Research Service.
            (4) Covered provider.--The term ``covered provider'' 
        means--
                    (A) with respect to the provision of qualifying 
                connectivity to eligible land, a provider of broadband 
                service; or
                    (B) with respect to the provision of wireless 
                solutions using or extending the range of network 
                connectivity, a provider of wireless equipment or 
                communications services, in association with an entity 
                described in subparagraph (A).
            (5) Eligible land.--The term ``eligible land'' means 
        cropland, grassland, rangeland, pastureland, farm sites, and 
        other agricultural land used for the active production of 
        agricultural commodities or livestock.
            (6) Farm site.--The term ``farm site'' means a portion of 
        land contiguous to land actively devoted to agricultural 
        production and that includes improvements that are agricultural 
        or horticultural in nature.
            (7) Precision agriculture.--The term ``precision 
        agriculture'' means managing, tracking, or reducing crop or 
        livestock production inputs, including seed, feed, fertilizer, 
        chemicals, water, and time, at a heightened level of spatial 
        and temporal granularity to improve efficiencies, reduce waste, 
        and maintain or improve environmental quality.
            (8) Qualifying connectivity.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``qualifying 
                connectivity'' means the service offered by a covered 
                provider as a result of assistance under this section 
                that--
                            (i) is capable of a speed of not less 
                        than--
                                    (I) a 100-Mbps downstream 
                                transmission capacity; and
                                    (II) a 20-Mbps upstream 
                                transmission capacity; and
                            (ii) carries out not less than 1 of the 
                        activities described in subparagraph (B).
                    (B) Activities described.--The activities referred 
                to in subparagraph (A)(ii) are--
                            (i) providing broadband service by any 
                        technology to structures and devices on 
                        eligible land, including tractors, combines, 
                        irrigation systems, drones, under-soil sensors, 
                        livestock facilities, and farm offices;
                            (ii) providing multipoint wireless network 
                        connectivity that facilitates data transmission 
                        between structures and devices on eligible 
                        land, including structures and devices 
                        described in clause (i); and
                            (iii) supporting--
                                    (I) the construction of wireless 
                                infrastructure, including poles, 
                                towers, base stations, or other 
                                structures, regardless of whether the 
                                structure has an existing antenna 
                                facility, that is used or will be used 
                                for the provision of wireless service; 
                                or
                                    (II) the retrofitting of existing 
                                towers or vertical structures, such as 
                                water towers, grain elevators, or 
                                center pivots, to accommodate wireless 
                                infrastructure.
            (9) Remote area.--The term ``remote area'' means the 
        frontier and remote ZIP Code areas published by the Economic 
        Research Service.
            (10) Underserved.--The term ``underserved'' means, with 
        respect to eligible land, that the eligible land lacks access 
        to broadband service that is capable of a speed of not less 
        than--
                    (A) a 100-Mbps downstream transmission capacity; 
                and
                    (B) a 20-Mbps upstream transmission capacity.
            (11) Unserved.--The term ``unserved'' means, with respect 
        to eligible land, eligible land that lacks access to broadband 
        service that is capable of a speed of not less than--
                    (A) a 25-Mbps downstream transmission capacity; and
                    (B) a 3-Mbps upstream transmission capacity.
    (b) Purposes.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall carry out, under terms and conditions as 
the Secretary considers to be appropriate, projects--
            (1) to advance precision agriculture connectivity 
        nationwide; and
            (2) to augment last mile broadband service deployment for 
        agricultural producers by expanding high-speed internet access 
        across the last acre.
    (c) Grants and Loans.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out this section, the 
        Secretary shall make grants and make loans to covered providers 
        to provide qualifying connectivity to covered producers on 
        unserved and underserved eligible land.
            (2) Limitation.--Of the amounts made available under 
        subsection (k) for a fiscal year for assistance under this 
        section, the Secretary may award not more than 10 percent to 
        provide qualifying connectivity to agricultural research 
        centers described in subsection (a)(3)(B).
            (3) Use of funds.--
                    (A) Cybersecurity.--The Secretary may allow a 
                covered provider to use a portion of the assistance 
                provided to the covered provider under this section, as 
                necessary, to address the cybersecurity requirements 
                under subsection (g).
                    (B) Prohibition.--The Secretary shall not award any 
                assistance under this section for broadband service to 
                an inhabitable residence that is identified as 
                serviceable or has to be served due to an enforceable 
                commitment to deploy on the broadband maps (as 
                determined by the Secretary).
            (4) Federal share.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B), the Federal share of a project carried out using 
                assistance under this section shall be not more than 80 
                percent of the total cost of the project.
                    (B) Limited resource farmers or ranchers.--The 
                Secretary may increase the Federal share described in 
                subparagraph (A) to 90 percent if the covered producer 
                on the applicable eligible land is a limited resource 
                farmer or rancher.
    (d) Application.--To apply for assistance under this section, a 
covered provider shall submit to the Secretary an application in such 
manner and containing such information as the Secretary may require, 
including--
            (1) the measures by which the covered producer has engaged 
        with the covered provider to identify the appropriate 
        qualifying connectivity plan to serve the eligible land of the 
        covered producer;
            (2) a description of how the assistance provided under this 
        section would be used to establish qualifying connectivity on 
        the unserved or underserved eligible land of a covered 
        producer, including the entire acreage in need of qualifying 
        connectivity;
            (3) a description of how the assistance provided under this 
        section could be used to provide broadband service to residents 
        or essential community facilities (if any) in areas near or 
        adjacent to unserved or underserved eligible land of a covered 
        producer;
            (4) the amount of the Federal share for the project and the 
        amount of the non-Federal share for the project;
            (5) information necessary for the covered provider to 
        demonstrate to the Secretary that the covered provider--
                    (A) is capable of carrying out the specific 
                activities for which assistance is provided under this 
                section in compliance with all applicable Federal, 
                State, and local laws;
                    (B) has the financial and managerial capacity to 
                meet the specific commitments contained in the 
                application, including buildout obligations; and
                    (C) has the technical and operational capability--
                            (i) to construct and operate broadband 
                        networks; and
                            (ii) to meet the requirement described in 
                        paragraph (1) of subsection (g) and provide the 
                        cybersecurity certification required under 
                        paragraph (2) of that subsection;
            (6) whether the eligible land of the covered producer--
                    (A) is unserved or underserved; and
                    (B) is not subject to an enforceable commitment to 
                deploy broadband by the applicant or another covered 
                provider, as determined according to the broadband maps 
                (as determined by the Secretary);
            (7) a description of the means by which the covered 
        provider will provide to the Secretary the information 
        necessary for the Secretary to prepare the annual reports under 
        subsection (i); and
            (8) any additional information that the Secretary 
        determines necessary to ensure the effective function of the 
        program under this section.
    (e) Timeline.--
            (1) In general.--For each project for which assistance is 
        provided under this section, the Secretary shall establish 
        service buildout milestones and periodic certifications by 
        recipients of the assistance for purposes of project compliance 
        and implementation.
            (2) Requirement.--The milestones required under paragraph 
        (1) shall establish a maximum buildout timeframe of not more 
        than 4 years from the date on which the assistance is provided.
            (3) Penalties.--The Secretary shall establish and enforce 
        standardized penalties, fines, and sanctions for noncompliance 
        with a milestone or certification established under paragraph 
        (1).
    (f) Priority.--
            (1) In general.--In selecting applicants for assistance 
        under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to 
        applicants that propose to carry out projects in the following 
        order:
                    (A) Unserved eligible land in remote areas.
                    (B) Other unserved eligible land.
                    (C) Underserved eligible land in remote areas.
                    (D) Other underserved eligible land.
            (2) Residents and essential community facilities.--The 
        Secretary may give priority to applicants for assistance under 
        this section that propose to carry out projects that would also 
        provide broadband service at speeds higher than the speeds 
        described in subclauses (I) and (II) of subsection (a)(8)(A)(i) 
        to residents or essential community facilities (if any) in 
        areas that--
                    (A) are near or adjacent to unserved or underserved 
                eligible land; and
                    (B) lack access to broadband service that is 
                capable of those higher speeds.
            (3) Enhanced speeds.--
                    (A) Finding.--Congress finds that there are unique 
                connectivity needs to support the adoption of precision 
                agriculture.
                    (B) Prioritization.--In selecting applicants for 
                assistance under this section, the Secretary may give 
                priority to an applicant that proposes to carry out a 
                project to provide broadband service speeds that are 
                greater than the speeds described in subclauses (I) and 
                (II) of subsection (a)(8)(A)(i), if the applicant 
                demonstrates that the proposal to serve the eligible 
                land of a covered producer that is unserved or 
                underserved requires those greater speeds.
    (g) Cybersecurity.--As a condition on receipt of assistance under 
this section, a covered provider shall--
            (1) ensure that any structure, device, or system provided 
        or constructed using the assistance incorporates a layered 
        defense strategy as a means of defensible security 
        architecture; and
            (2) certify to the Secretary that the covered provider 
        maintains a regularly updated configuration management plan.
    (h) Public Notice and Assessments.--Subsections (a) and (b)(1) of 
section 701 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950cc) 
shall apply to assistance and applications for assistance under this 
section.
    (i) Report to Congress.--For fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year 
thereafter through the fiscal year that is 2 fiscal years after the 
fiscal year during which the last project funded under this section is 
completed, the Secretary shall--
            (1) submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
        Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the 
        House of Representatives a report that describes--
                    (A) applications for assistance under this section 
                submitted during the previous fiscal year, including 
                the number of parcels of eligible land for which 
                applications were submitted during the previous fiscal 
                year;
                    (B) the amount of assistance awarded for each 
                project under this section during the previous fiscal 
                year;
                    (C) the number of projects for which assistance is 
                provided under this section, including the number of 
                parcels of eligible land on which those projects were 
                carried out, that were successfully completed during 
                the previous fiscal year; and
                    (D)(i) the number of covered producers subscribing 
                to the broadband service provided under each project 
                for which assistance is provided under this section;
                    (ii) the download and upload speeds of the 
                broadband service provided under each such project; and
                    (iii) the purposes for which the broadband service 
                under each such project is used, including the use of 
                precision agriculture; and
            (2) make the report required under paragraph (1) publicly 
        available on the website of the Secretary.
    (j) Termination of Authority.--The authority to make grants and to 
make loans under this section shall terminate on September 30, 2029.
    (k) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $160,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.

SEC. 6503. FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN GUARANTEED LOAN AND GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Commercial food product.--The term ``commercial food 
        product'' means a product derived from domestically grown food 
        in regular production that is routinely sold in significant 
        quantities to the general public or industry.
            (2) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                    (A) a cooperative organization;
                    (B) a for-profit entity;
                    (C) a Tribal entity;
                    (D) a public body;
                    (E) an individual; and
                    (F) a nonprofit organization.
            (3) Tribal entity.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``Tribal entity'' means--
                            (i) an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 
                        4 of the Indian Self-Determination and 
                        Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                            (ii) any other Tribe (as determined by the 
                        Secretary); and
                            (iii) a Tribal organization (as defined in 
                        section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and 
                        Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)).
                    (B) Inclusions.--The term ``Tribal entity'' 
                includes an entity or a corporation that--
                            (i) is wholly or majority owned by one or 
                        more Tribal entities described in subparagraph 
                        (A) or one or more members thereof; and
                            (ii) provides services or programs 
                        consistent with the purposes of the program 
                        under this section.
    (b) Authority.--The Secretary shall guarantee loans and make grants 
to eligible entities to support the commencement or expansion of 
projects in the United States to increase the capacity of the food 
supply chain in the United States to aggregate, process, manufacture, 
store, transport, wholesale, or distribute domestically grown food for 
commercial food products.
    (c) Eligibility.--
            (1) In general.--To be eligible for a loan guarantee or 
        grant under this section, an eligible entity shall be engaged 
        in or propose to engage in aggregating, processing, 
        manufacturing, storing, transporting, wholesaling, or 
        distributing domestically grown food for a commercial food 
        product project--
                    (A) directly; or
                    (B) through a contractual, lease, or service 
                agreement with another entity.
            (2) Restrictions.--To be eligible for a loan guarantee or 
        grant under this section--
                    (A) an eligible entity engaged in or proposing to 
                engage in the processing of meat, poultry, processed 
                egg products, or fish of the order Siluriformes shall 
                comply with the requirements of the Food Safety and 
                Inspection Service;
                    (B) an eligible entity engaged in or proposing to 
                engage in the processing of any food or food ingredient 
                not described in subparagraph (A) shall comply with the 
                requirements of the Food and Drug Administration; and
                    (C) an eligible entity engaged in or proposing to 
                engage in beef, pork, chicken, or turkey processing, 
                including an affiliate of such an eligible entity, 
                shall not hold a market share greater than or equal to 
                the entity that holds the fourth-largest share of the 
                market for the species addressed in the loan guarantee 
                or grant award.
            (3) Requirement.--The Secretary shall not limit the 
        eligibility of an eligible entity for a loan guarantee or grant 
        under this section based on the availability of credit from any 
        other source.
    (d) Applications.--
            (1) In general.--To be eligible for a loan guarantee or 
        grant under this section, an eligible entity shall submit to 
        the Secretary an application in such form, at such time, and 
        containing such information as the Secretary determines to be 
        appropriate.
            (2) Inclusion.--An application submitted under paragraph 
        (1) shall demonstrate that the loan or grant funds will be used 
        in the United States to carry out a project described in 
        subsection (b).
            (3) Feasibility study.--
                    (A) In general.--An application submitted under 
                paragraph (1) shall include a feasibility study that 
                meets criteria established by the Secretary.
                    (B) Requirement.--The Secretary may not approve an 
                application submitted under paragraph (1) unless the 
                Secretary determines that the project described in the 
                application is technically and economically feasible, 
                based on the feasibility study described in 
                subparagraph (A).
            (4) Combination.--An eligible entity may apply for both a 
        loan guarantee and a grant under this section using the same 
        application.
    (e) Loan Guarantees.--
            (1) Eligible uses.--A loan guaranteed under this section 
        may be used by the eligible entity--
                    (A) to purchase or develop real property;
                    (B) to expand, renovate, construct, or otherwise 
                improve leased or owned property;
                    (C) to purchase machinery or equipment;
                    (D) for--
                            (i) debt refinancing;
                            (ii) interim financing;
                            (iii) the purchase of membership into the 
                        Farm Credit System;
                            (iv) the purchase of cooperative stock or 
                        taxable corporate bonds;
                            (v) the financing of working capital; or
                            (vi) to cover interest or fees;
                    (E) to conduct a feasibility study under subsection 
                (d)(3)(A);
                    (F) for education and training facilities or 
                equipment; or
                    (G) for pollution control or abatement.
            (2) Amount.--The principal amount of a loan guaranteed 
        under this section may not exceed $80,000,000.
    (f) Grants.--
            (1) Eligible uses.--A grant made under this section may be 
        used by the eligible entity receiving the grant for--
                    (A) technical assistance;
                    (B) employee training and certification;
                    (C) costs of an environmental assessment; or
                    (D) food safety certification and training.
            (2) Amount.--The amount of a grant made under this section 
        may not exceed $500,000.
            (3) Funding.--
                    (A) In general.--Of the amount made available to 
                carry out this section for each fiscal year, the 
                Secretary shall reserve not less than 10 percent to 
                make grants under this section.
                    (B) Availability.--If amounts reserved under 
                subparagraph (A) are not obligated by September 30 of 
                the fiscal year for which the amounts are reserved, the 
                amounts shall be available for other purposes 
                authorized under this section.
    (g) Priorities.--In guaranteeing loans and making grants under this 
section, when the amount available to carry out this section is less 
than the total of the amounts requested by applications under this 
section that are eligible for approval, the Secretary shall give 
preference to applications for projects that--
            (1) would create jobs in economically distressed 
        communities, as determined by the Secretary;
            (2) are submitted by eligible entities that are small food 
        processors (as determined by the Secretary) and are small 
        business concerns (within the meaning of section 3 of the Small 
        Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632));
            (3) would support local or regional foods; or
            (4) would help to create a more resilient, diverse, and 
        secure United States food supply chain, as determined by the 
        Secretary.
    (h) Nonsupplantation of Other Funds.--The Secretary shall use the 
amounts made available to carry out this section to supplement, and not 
supplant, funds provided under other Federal law or State or local law.
    (i) Requirement.--
            (1) In general.--As a condition of receiving a loan 
        guarantee or grant under this section, an eligible entity shall 
        ensure that all laborers and mechanics employed by contractors 
        or subcontractors in the performance of construction work 
        financed in whole or in part by the loan guarantee or grant 
        shall be paid wages at rates not less than those prevailing on 
        similar construction in the locality, as determined by the 
        Secretary of Labor in accordance with sections 3141 through 
        3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40, United States Code.
            (2) Authority and functions.--The Secretary of Labor shall 
        have, with respect to the labor standards described in 
        paragraph (1), the authority and functions set forth in 
        Reorganization Plan Numbered 14 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1267; 5 
        U.S.C. App) and section 3145 of title 40, United States Code.
    (j) Funding.--
            (1) Mandatory funding.--There is appropriated, out of 
        amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $30,000,000 
        for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter to carry 
        out this section, to remain available until expended.
            (2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section 
        not more than $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029, to remain available until expended.
            (3) Administration.--Of the amount made available to carry 
        out this section for each fiscal year, the Secretary may use 
        not more than 5 percent for administrative purposes.

SEC. 6504. AGRICULTURE INNOVATION CENTER DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.

    Section 6402 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 1632b) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``agricultural producers'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``eligible participants'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
                paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
            ``(1) Eligible participant.--The term `eligible 
        participant' means--
                    ``(A) an agricultural producer;
                    ``(B) an agricultural enterprise (as defined in 
                section 18(b) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 
                647(b))); and
                    ``(C) a small business concern (within the meaning 
                of section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)) 
                engaged in manufacturing value-added agricultural 
                products.'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``(in cash or 
                in kind)''; and
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(2) Advisory board.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Each Agriculture Innovation 
                Center of an eligible entity shall have an advisory 
                board.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--An advisory board described in 
                subparagraph (A) shall be composed of a diverse group 
                of representatives of public and private entities in 
                the State in which the eligible entity is located (or 
                the region in which the eligible entity is located if 
                the service area of the eligible entity comprises more 
                than 1 State), including the following:
                            ``(i) General agricultural organizations.
                            ``(ii) Entities representing commodities 
                        produced in the State or region, as 
                        applicable.''; and
            (4) in subsection (g), by striking ``$15,000,000 for each 
        of fiscal years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``$25,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6505. RURAL ENERGY SAVINGS PROGRAM.

    Section 6407 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8107a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``or'' 
                        at the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as 
                        subparagraph (E); and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (B) 
                        the following:
                    ``(C) any Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of 
                the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
                Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                    ``(D) any public, quasipublic, or nonprofit entity 
                that uses innovative financing techniques and market 
                development tools to accelerate the deployment of clean 
                energy technology (commonly known as a `green bank'); 
                and''; and
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(2) Energy efficiency measure.--The term `energy 
        efficiency measure', with respect to any property served by an 
        eligible entity, means--
                    ``(A) a structural improvement or investment in a 
                cost-effective, commercial technology to increase 
                energy efficiency (including cost-effective on- or off-
                grid renewable energy or energy storage systems); and
                    ``(B) the replacement of a manufactured housing 
                unit or large appliance with a substantially similar 
                manufactured housing unit or appliance, respectively, 
                if that replacement is a cost-effective option with 
                respect to energy savings.'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and 
                Grants'' after ``Loans'';
                    (B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to the requirements of this 
        subsection, the Secretary shall provide--
                    ``(A) loans to eligible entities that agree to use 
                the loan funds to make loans under subsection (d) to 
                qualified consumers for the purpose of implementing 
                energy efficiency measures; and
                    ``(B) at the election of any eligible entity that 
                receives a loan under subparagraph (A), a grant in 
                accordance with paragraph (10).'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting 
                        ``for loans'' after ``Requirements''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking 
                        ``that is'';
                    (D) in paragraph (5)--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and 
                        (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and 
                        indenting the clauses appropriately;
                            (ii) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as 
                        so redesignated), by striking ``With respect to 
                        a loan under paragraph (1)'' and inserting the 
                        following:
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), 
                with respect to a loan under paragraph (1)(A)''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Extensions.--The Secretary may extend the 
                term of a loan under subparagraph (A)(i), or the 
                deadline for the repayment of an advance under 
                subparagraph (A)(ii), as the Secretary determines to be 
                appropriate.'';
                    (E) in paragraph (7)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``paragraph 
                        (1)(A)''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), in the matter 
                        preceding clause (i), by striking ``Repayment 
                        of the special advance'' and inserting 
                        ``Subject to an applicable extension under 
                        paragraph (5)(B), repayment of a special 
                        advance under this paragraph'';
                    (F) in paragraph (8), by striking ``paragraph (1)'' 
                and inserting ``paragraph (1)(A)''; and
                    (G) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(10) Grants.--
                    ``(A) In general.--At the election of an eligible 
                entity that receives a loan under this subsection, the 
                Secretary shall provide to the eligible entity a grant 
                to pay for a portion of the costs incurred in--
                            ``(i) applying for the loan;
                            ``(ii) making a loan to a qualified 
                        consumer under subsection (d);
                            ``(iii) making repairs to the property of a 
                        qualified consumer that facilitate the energy 
                        efficiency measures for the property financed 
                        through a loan provided to the qualified 
                        consumer under subsection (d);
                            ``(iv) entering into a contract under 
                        subsection (e); or
                            ``(v) carrying out any other duties of the 
                        eligible entity under this section.
                    ``(B) Amount.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), the amount of a grant provided to 
                        an eligible entity under this paragraph shall 
                        be equal to not more than 5 percent of the 
                        amount of the loan provided to the eligible 
                        entity under this subsection.
                            ``(ii) Persistent poverty counties.--The 
                        amount of a grant provided under this paragraph 
                        to an eligible entity that will use the grant 
                        to make loans under subsection (d) to qualified 
                        consumers located in a persistent poverty 
                        county (as determined by the Secretary) shall 
                        be equal to 10 percent of the amount of the 
                        loan provided to the eligible entity under this 
                        subsection.'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by inserting ``or grant'' before 
                        ``funds'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by striking ``(B) shall 
                                finance'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(B)(i) may have a term and amortization schedule 
                the length of which is the useful life of the energy 
                efficiency measures implemented using the loan, 
                provided that the loan to the qualified consumer does 
                not exceed 20 years; and
                    ``(ii) shall finance''; and
                                    (II) in clause (ii) (as so 
                                designated), by striking ``a loan term 
                                of not more than 10 years'' and 
                                inserting ``the applicable loan term 
                                described in clause (i)''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``unless the personal property is or becomes 
                        attached to real property (including a 
                        manufactured home) as a fixture;'' and 
                        inserting ``unless the personal property--
                            ``(i) is a manufactured housing unit or 
                        large appliance described in subsection 
                        (b)(2)(B); or
                            ``(ii) is or becomes attached to real 
                        property as a fixture;''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Clarification of eligibility.--Notwithstanding any 
        other provision of law (including regulations), an eligible 
        entity may make a loan under this subsection to any qualified 
        consumer located within the service territory of the eligible 
        entity, regardless of whether the qualified consumer is located 
        in a rural area.'';
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting 
                ``Outreach,'' after ``Training,'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and 
                        technical assistance of the program'' and 
                        inserting ``outreach, and technical assistance 
                        relating to the program under this section''; 
                        and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting 
                        ``, outreach,'' after ``technical assistance''; 
                        and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Funding.--Of the amounts made available under 
        subsection (i), the Secretary may use such sums as are 
        necessary to provide outreach, training, and technical 
        assistance under this subsection.''; and
            (5) in subsection (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 6506. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

    Section 306 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1926) is amended--
            (1) by striking the section designation and all that 
        follows through ``The Secretary'' in the first sentence of 
        subsection (a)(1) and inserting the following:

``SEC. 306. WATER AND WASTE FACILITY LOANS AND GRANTS.

    ``(a) Authority.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``(3) No'' and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(3) Determination; requirement.--No'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) by striking ``(4) (A) The term'' and 
                        inserting the following:
            ``(4) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Development cost.--The term''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``(B) 
                        The term'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Project.--The term'';
                    (C) in paragraph (6), by striking ``(6) The'' and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(6) Grants for certain development plans.--The'';
                    (D) in paragraph (8)--
                            (i) by striking ``(8) In'' and inserting 
                        the following:
            ``(8) Projects proposed to serve the same residents.--In''; 
        and
                            (ii) by striking ``he'' and inserting ``the 
                        Secretary'';
                    (E) in paragraph (12)--
                            (i) by striking ``(12)(A) The'' and 
                        inserting the following:
            ``(12) Informational system for certain institutions.--(A) 
        The''; and
                            (ii) by indenting subparagraphs (B) through 
                        (D) appropriately;
                    (F) in paragraph (13)--
                            (i) by striking ``(13) In'' and inserting 
                        the following:
            ``(13) Priority.--In''; and
                            (ii) in the second sentence--
                                    (I) by striking ``Soil Conservation 
                                Service'' and inserting ``Natural 
                                Resources Conservation Service''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``he'' and 
                                inserting ``the Secretary'';
                    (G) in paragraph (15), by striking ``(15) In'' and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(15) Projects serving multiple communities.--In'';
                    (H) in paragraph (16), by striking ``(16) Grants'' 
                and inserting the following:
            ``(16) Use of grants for local share requirements.--
        Grants'';
                    (I) in paragraph (17)--
                            (i) by striking ``(17)(A) In'' and 
                        inserting the following:
            ``(17) Design and materials.--(A) In''; and
                            (ii) by indenting subparagraph (B) 
                        appropriately; and
                    (J) in paragraph (18), by striking ``(18) In'' and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(18) Prohibition of additional conditions.--In''; and
            (3) in subsection (b), by striking ``(b) The'' and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(b) Curtailment or Limitation of Service Prohibited.--The''; and
            (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``(d) Any'' and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(c) Availability of Amounts; Carryover of Authorizations.--Any''.

          TITLE VII--RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND RELATED MATTERS

  Subtitle A--National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching 
                           Policy Act of 1977

SEC. 7101. NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, EDUCATION, AND 
              ECONOMICS ADVISORY BOARD.

    Section 1408 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(5), by striking ``7 additional 
        members'' and inserting ``3 additional members'';
            (2) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``$500,000'' and 
        inserting ``$750,000''; and
            (3) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 7102. SPECIALTY CROP COMMITTEE.

    (a) In General.--Section 1408A of the National Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123a) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        striking ``11 members'' and inserting ``12 
                        members''; and
                            (ii) adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) One of such members shall represent 
                        a State with not less than 1,000 acres of 
                        citrus production, and shall be a nonvoting 
                        member.''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (2) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(2) Appointment; service.--Members of the specialty crops 
        committee shall--
                    ``(A) be appointed by the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) serve at the discretion of the Secretary.''; 
                and
            (3) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (5) and (6) as 
                paragraph (6) and (7), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
            ``(5) review grant applications under such subsection and 
        submit a summary of comments, including the relevancy of the 
        applications to the annual priorities established under 
        paragraph (4), to the Director of the National Institute of 
        Food and Agriculture for consideration prior to the awarding of 
        grants under such subsection;''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 412(d) of the Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 
7632(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a 
        semicolon;
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) for competitive grants under subsection (j), the 
        review and summary submitted to the Director of the National 
        Institute of Food and Agriculture under section 1408A(g)(5) of 
        the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching 
        Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123a(g)(5)).''.
    (c) Effect.--The amendments made by subsection (a)--
            (1) shall take effect on October 1 of the first fiscal year 
        that begins after the date of enactment of this Act; and
            (2) shall not affect the terms of the members of the citrus 
        disease subcommittee established under section 1408A(a)(2) of 
        the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching 
        Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123a(a)(2)) who are--
                    (A) appointed by the Secretary before the effective 
                date described in paragraph (1); and
                    (B) members of that subcommittee on that effective 
                date.

SEC. 7103. GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SCIENCES 
              EDUCATION.

    Section 1417 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3152) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (j)(3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (G), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(H) to conduct workforce training, education, 
                research, and outreach activities relating to the food 
                and agricultural sciences.''; and
            (2) in subsection (m)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023.'' and 
                inserting ``2024; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) $60,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029.''.

SEC. 7104. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD POLICY RESEARCH CENTERS.

    Section 1419A(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3155(e)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7105. EDUCATION GRANTS TO ALASKA NATIVE SERVING INSTITUTIONS AND 
              NATIVE HAWAIIAN SERVING INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 1419B of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3156) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(3), by striking ``$10,000,000 in 
        fiscal years 2001 through 2023'' and inserting ``$15,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ``$10,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2001 through 2023'' and inserting 
        ``$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 7106. NUTRITION EDUCATION PROGRAM.

    Section 1425(g) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3175(g)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7107. CONTINUING ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE RESEARCH PROGRAMS.

    Section 1433 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3195) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Carryover.--The balance of any annual funds provided 
        to an eligible institution for a fiscal year under this 
        subsection that remains unexpended at the end of the fiscal 
        year may be carried over for use during the following fiscal 
        year.''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7108. EXTENSION AT 1890 LAND-GRANT COLLEGES, INCLUDING TUSKEGEE 
              UNIVERSITY.

    Section 1444(a)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, 
Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3221(a)(2)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``2003'' and inserting ``2025''; and
            (2) by striking ``20 percent'' and inserting ``40 
        percent''.

SEC. 7109. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AT 1890 LAND-GRANT COLLEGES, INCLUDING 
              TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 1445(a) of the 
National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 
1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by striking ``2003'' and inserting ``2025'' and
                    (B) by striking ``30 percent'' and inserting ``40 
                percent''; and
            (2) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``graduate student 
        tuition and fees,'' after ``direction,''.
    (b) Payment of Allotments to Eligible Institutions.--Section 
1445(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching 
Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222(d)) is amended--
            (1) in the second sentence, by striking ``a research 
        director'' and inserting ``an agricultural research director''; 
        and
            (2) in the third sentence--
                    (A) by striking ``or other officer''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``agricultural'' before ``chief 
                administrative officer''.

SEC. 7110. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR STUDENTS AT 1890 INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 1446 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(3), by striking ``2020, and each of 
        the 4 succeeding academic years'' and inserting ``2025, and 
        each succeeding academic year''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``$40,000,000 
                not later than October 1, 2019,'' and inserting 
                ``$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year 
                thereafter,''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7111. GRANTS TO UPGRADE AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCES FACILITIES 
              AT 1890 LAND-GRANT COLLEGES, INCLUDING TUSKEGEE 
              UNIVERSITY.

    Section 1447(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b(b)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7112. GRANTS TO UPGRADE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SCIENCES FACILITIES 
              AND EQUIPMENT AT INSULAR AREA LAND-GRANT INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 1447B(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b-2(d)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7113. RESEARCH AND EXTENSION ACTIVITIES AT 1890 INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 1449 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222d) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
    ``(g) Attestation to the Secretary.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not less frequently than once each 
        fiscal year, a State shall submit to the Secretary an 
        attestation that describes whether the State--
                    ``(A) plans to fulfill the matching funds 
                requirement under subsection (c) for that fiscal year; 
                or
                    ``(B) is unable to fulfill that matching funds 
                requirement for that fiscal year.
            ``(2) Letter.--Not later than December 31, 2025, and each 
        year thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to each Governor 
        whose State did not fulfill the matching funds requirement 
        under subsection (c) for the prior fiscal year a letter that 
        shall--
                    ``(A) notify the Governor that the State did not 
                fulfill that matching funds requirement; and
                    ``(B) describe the amounts of matching funds 
                received by 1890 Institutions and 1862 Institutions (as 
                those terms are defined in section 2 of the 
                Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform 
                Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601)) in that State for each of 
                the agricultural research, extension, education, and 
                related programs described in paragraphs (1) through 
                (3) of section 7116 of the Agriculture Improvement Act 
                of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2207d).
            ``(3) Publication.--The Secretary shall make publicly 
        available, on an annual basis, each attestation submitted under 
        paragraph (1) and each letter submitted under paragraph (2).''.

SEC. 7114. NEW BEGINNING FOR TRIBAL STUDENTS.

    Section 1450(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222e(d)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7115. HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 1455(c) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3241(c)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7116. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURE PARTNERSHIPS AND GRANTS PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 1458A of the National Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3292) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking the section heading and inserting 
        ``international agriculture partnerships and grants program'';
            (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e);
            (3) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Competitive Grants for International Agricultural Science and 
Education Programs.--
            ``(1) Competitive grants authorized.--The Secretary may 
        make competitive grants to colleges and universities in order 
        to strengthen United States economic competitiveness and to 
        promote international market development.
            ``(2) Purpose of grants.--Grants under this subsection 
        shall be directed to agricultural research, extension, and 
        teaching activities that will--
                    ``(A) enhance the international content of the 
                curricula in colleges and universities so as to ensure 
                that United States students acquire an understanding of 
                the international dimensions and trade implications of 
                their studies;
                    ``(B) ensure that United States scientists, 
                extension agents, and educators involved in 
                agricultural research and development activities 
                outside of the United States have the opportunity to 
                convey the implications of their activities and 
                findings to their peers and students in the United 
                States and to the users of agricultural research, 
                extension, and teaching;
                    ``(C) enhance the capabilities of colleges and 
                universities to do collaborative research with other 
                countries, in cooperation with other Federal agencies, 
                on issues relevant to United States agricultural 
                competitiveness;
                    ``(D) enhance the capabilities of colleges and 
                universities to provide cooperative extension education 
                to promote the application of new technology developed 
                in foreign countries to United States agriculture; and
                    ``(E) enhance the capability of United States 
                colleges and universities, in cooperation with other 
                Federal agencies, to provide leadership and educational 
                programs that will assist United States natural 
                resources and food production, processing, and 
                distribution businesses and industries to compete 
                internationally, including product market 
                identification, international policies limiting or 
                enhancing market production, development of new or 
                enhancement of existing markets, and production 
                efficiencies.''; and
            (4) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023'' and 
        inserting ``$20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 1459A of the National Agricultural Research, 
        Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3292b) is 
        repealed.
            (2) Section 251(f)(1)(D)(vii) of the Department of 
        Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 
        6971(f)(1)(D)(vii)) is amended by striking ``section 1459A of 
        the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching 
        Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3292b)'' and inserting 
        ``subsection (d) of section 1458A of the National Agricultural 
        Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 
        3292)''.

SEC. 7117. RESEARCH EQUIPMENT GRANTS.

    Section 1462A(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3310a(e)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7118. UNIVERSITY RESEARCH.

    Section 1463 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3311) is amended by striking 
``2023'' each place it appears in subsections (a) and (b) and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 7119. COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE.

    Section 1464 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3312) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7120. SUPPLEMENTAL AND ALTERNATIVE CROPS.

    Section 1473D of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319d) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''; and
            (2) in subsection (e)(3), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7121. NEW ERA RURAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.

    Section 1473E(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319e(d)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7122. CAPACITY BUILDING GRANTS FOR NLGCA INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 1473F(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319i(b)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7123. AGRICULTURE ADVANCED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY.

    Section 1473H of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319k) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``pilot'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(6)(A), by striking ``growing,'' and 
        inserting ``growing (including water conservation technologies 
        and innovation),'';
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``pilot program'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``program'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``the long-term 
                                and high-risk technological'' before 
                                ``barriers''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``and resilience 
                                to extreme weather;'' and inserting 
                                ``water conservation, the reduction, 
                                avoidance, sequestration, or mitigation 
                                of greenhouse gas emissions from the 
                                agriculture sector, and resilience to 
                                extreme weather, drought, infectious 
                                diseases, plant and animal pathogens, 
                                and plant and animal pests;''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``or 
                        economic cost'' before the period at the end;
                    (C) in paragraph (3)(B)--
                            (i) in clause (ii), in the matter preceding 
                        subclause (I), by striking ``advise the Chief 
                        Scientist on, and''; and
                            (ii) by striking clause (iii) and inserting 
                        the following:
                            ``(iii) Relationship within the department 
                        of agriculture.--
                                    ``(I) Chief scientist.--The 
                                Director shall work in close 
                                collaboration with the Office of the 
                                Chief Scientist.
                                    ``(II) Other programs.--No other 
                                official who is the head of any other 
                                program of the Department of 
                                Agriculture shall report to the 
                                Director.''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (9), by striking the paragraph 
                designation and heading and all that follows through 
                ``In carrying out'' and inserting the following:
            ``(9) Personnel matters.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Director shall establish and 
                maintain within the AGARDA a staff with sufficient 
                qualifications and expertise to enable the AGARDA to 
                carry out the responsibilities of the AGARDA under this 
                section in conjunction with other operations of the 
                Department of Agriculture.
                    ``(B) Use of existing personnel authorities.--In 
                carrying out'';
            (4) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Use of strategic plan.--The Secretary shall use the 
        strategic plan developed under paragraph (1) and dated 2022 to 
        inform the administration of the AGARDA under this section.'';
            (5) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (3) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(3) Funding.--In addition to funds otherwise deposited in 
        the Fund under paragraph (1) or (2)--
                    ``(A) there is appropriated to the Fund, out of any 
                money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, 
                $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain available 
                until expended; and
                    ``(B) there is authorized to be appropriated to the 
                Fund $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
                2029, to remain available until expended.''; and
            (6) by striking subsection (e).

SEC. 7124. CAPACITY BUILDING GRANTS FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGE AGRICULTURAL 
              PROGRAMS.

    Subtitle K of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3310 et seq.) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1473I. CAPACITY BUILDING GRANTS FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGE 
              AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                    ``(A) a junior or community college supporting 
                agriculture advancement; and
                    ``(B) a consortium or alliance of 2-year public 
                colleges supporting agriculture advancement.
            ``(2) Junior or community college.--The term `junior or 
        community college' has the meaning given the term in section 
        312 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1058).
    ``(b) Competitive Grants.--The Secretary shall make competitive 
grants to eligible entities to assist the eligible entities in 
maintaining and expanding the capacity of the eligible entities to 
conduct workforce training, education, research, and outreach 
activities relating to the following disciplines:
            ``(1) Food and agricultural sciences.
            ``(2) Agribusiness and farm business management.
            ``(3) Meat and poultry processing.
            ``(4) Related disciplines, as determined by the Secretary.
    ``(c) Priority.--In making grants under subsection (b), the 
Secretary shall give priority to an eligible entity coordinating with a 
local stakeholder engaged in activities relating to 1 or more of the 
disciplines described in that subsection to provide experiential 
training and other opportunities for students.
    ``(d) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity that receives a grant under 
subsection (b) may use the funds made available through the grant to 
expand and maintain the capacity of the eligible entity to conduct 
workforce training, education, research, and outreach activities 
relating to the disciplines described in that subsection by--
            ``(1) successfully competing for funds from Federal grants 
        and other sources to carry out workforce training, education, 
        research, and outreach activities relating to those 
        disciplines;
            ``(2) disseminating information relating to those 
        disciplines to interested members of the food and agricultural 
        sciences, agribusiness, and farm business management 
        communities and to the public;
            ``(3) encouraging members of those communities to 
        participate in workforce training, education, research, and 
        outreach activities relating to those disciplines through 
        providing matching funding from sources other than funds 
        received through the grant; and
            ``(4) through--
                    ``(A) the purchase or other acquisition of 
                equipment and other infrastructure (not including the 
                alteration, repair, renovation, or construction of 
                buildings);
                    ``(B) the professional growth and development of 
                faculty; and
                    ``(C) the development of apprenticeships and other 
                work-based learning opportunities.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029.''.

SEC. 7125. AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION CORRIDORS.

    Subtitle K of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3310 et seq.) (as amended by 
section 7124) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1473J. AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION CORRIDORS.

    ``(a) In General.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--The Secretary, acting through the 
        Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, 
        shall provide for the establishment and maintenance of a 
        network of research corridors, each operated by an institution 
        described in paragraph (2), for research and development on 
        agricultural technology, to be known as `Agricultural 
        Innovation Corridors' (referred to in this section as `Ag 
        Innovation Corridors').
            ``(2) Eligible institutions.--An Ag Innovation Corridor 
        shall be operated by any of the following institutions:
                    ``(A) An 1862 Institution, an 1890 Institution, or 
                a 1994 Institution (as those terms are defined in 
                section 2 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
                Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601)).
                    ``(B) An institution described in section 371(a) of 
                the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).
            ``(3) Geographic areas.--An Ag Innovation Corridor shall be 
        established in each of the following geographic areas of the 
        United States:
                    ``(A) Northeast.
                    ``(B) North Central.
                    ``(C) Southeast.
                    ``(D) Great Plains.
                    ``(E) Rocky Mountain West.
    ``(b) Goals.--The Ag Innovation Corridors shall have the following 
goals:
            ``(1) To demonstrate new and emerging technologies as 
        applied to agricultural and natural resource practices.
            ``(2) To demonstrate benefits of--
                    ``(A) providing farms with internet service that is 
                capable of a speed of not less than--
                            ``(i) a 100-Mbps downstream transmission 
                        capacity; and
                            ``(ii) a 20-Mbps upstream transmission 
                        capacity;
                    ``(B) controlled-environment food and agricultural 
                production; and
                    ``(C) agrivoltaics systems for collocated 
                agricultural and solar energy production.
            ``(3) To engage with rural and urban audiences regarding 
        emerging agricultural technologies and educational 
        opportunities.
            ``(4) To cooperate and collaborate with agricultural 
        industry partners on emerging agricultural technologies and 
        opportunities.
            ``(5) To advance research to find new technologies and 
        practices to apply to agriculture and natural resources to 
        increase sustainability, profitability, and conservation of 
        resources.
            ``(6) To connect industry, researchers, and practitioners 
        across geographical areas to share research, new ideas, and 
        practices.
    ``(c) Activities.--The activities of the Ag Innovation Corridors 
shall include--
            ``(1) long-term research--
                    ``(A) to develop novel agricultural technologies 
                for use at regional and national scales; and
                    ``(B) to evaluate the applicability and 
                adaptability of those technologies to local conditions;
            ``(2) the establishment and maintenance of multiple sites 
        or research centers that capture the diversity of agricultural 
        production systems that function as a network;
            ``(3) engagement and education of rural and urban audiences 
        regarding agricultural technologies; and
            ``(4) collaboration with agricultural industry partners at 
        research centers and sites to develop and research new 
        agricultural technologies and practices that increase 
        sustainability, profitability, and conservation.
    ``(d) Coordination of Research.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall--
            ``(1) coordinate long-term agricultural technology research 
        to improve understanding within the Department of Agriculture 
        of how technologies function at the field, regional, and 
        national scales;
            ``(2) ensure that each research site included within an Ag 
        Innovation Corridor conducts experiments with common goals and 
        methods--
                    ``(A) to increase agricultural productivity and 
                profitability;
                    ``(B) to enhance agricultural resilience and the 
                capacity to mitigate and adapt to climate change;
                    ``(C) to work with the agricultural industry to 
                develop technologies that address the goals described 
                in subparagraphs (A) and (B); and
                    ``(D) to educate both rural and urban audiences on 
                agriculture and new agricultural technologies;
            ``(3) make data collected at research sites included in Ag 
        Innovation Corridors open to researchers and the public 
        whenever practicable, and integrate data across the network and 
        partner sites; and
            ``(4) provide infrastructure to research sites included in 
        the Ag Innovation Corridors for data collection, common 
        measurements, and data streams that complement other national 
        networks, such as the National Ecological Observatory Network 
        and the Long-Term Ecological Research Network.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for the period of 
fiscal years 2025 through 2029.''.

SEC. 7126. NATIONAL AGROFORESTRY SURVEY.

    Subtitle K of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3310 et seq.) (as amended by 
section 7125) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1473K. NATIONAL AGROFORESTRY SURVEY.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, in cooperation with the Forest 
Service, the National Agroforestry Center, the Natural Resources 
Conservation Service, the Agricultural Research Service, and the 
National Agricultural Statistics Service, shall conduct a national 
agroforestry survey every 3 years beginning in 2026.
    ``(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029.''.

SEC. 7127. AQUACULTURE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--Section 1477(a) of the National Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3324(a)) 
is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023.'' and inserting 
        ``2024; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029.''.
    (b) Indirect Costs.--Section 1477 of the National Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3324) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Indirect Costs.--Effective beginning on the date of enactment 
of this subsection--
            ``(1) the limitation with respect to indirect costs under 
        section 1462 shall apply with respect to awards made under this 
        subtitle; and
            ``(2) the limitation with respect to indirect costs under 
        section 1473 shall not apply with respect to those awards.''.

SEC. 7128. RANGELAND RESEARCH PROGRAMS.

    Section 1483(a)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, 
Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3336(a)(2)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7129. SPECIAL AUTHORIZATION FOR BIOSECURITY PLANNING AND RESPONSE.

    Section 1484(a)(3) of the National Agricultural Research, 
Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3351(a)(3)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7130. DISTANCE EDUCATION AND RESIDENT INSTRUCTION GRANTS PROGRAM 
              FOR INSULAR AREA INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.

    (a) Distance Education Grants for Insular Areas.--Section 
1490(f)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3362(f)(2)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Resident Instruction Grants for Insular Areas.--Section 
1491(c)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3363(c)(2)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

   Subtitle B--Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

SEC. 7201. BEST UTILIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS.

    Section 1624 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5814) is amended in the first sentence by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7202. INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.

    Section 1627(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5821(d)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7203. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER 
              PROGRAM.

    Section 1628(f)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5831(f)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' 
and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7204. NATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM.

    Section 1629(i) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5832(i)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7205. NATIONAL GENETICS RESOURCES PROGRAM.

    Section 1635(b)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5844(b)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' 
and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7206. NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM.

    Section 1641(c) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5855(c)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7207. AGRICULTURAL GENOME TO PHENOME INITIATIVE.

    Section 1671(g) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5924(g)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7208. HIGH-PRIORITY RESEARCH AND EXTENSION INITIATIVES.

    (a) In General.--Section 1672(d) of the Food, Agriculture, 
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(d)) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (9) and inserting the following:
            ``(9) Coffee plant health initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purposes of--
                    ``(A) developing and disseminating science-based 
                tools and treatments to combat plant pests and noxious 
                weeds (as those terms are defined in section 403 of the 
                Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7702)) that impact 
                coffee plants;
                    ``(B) establishing an areawide integrated pest 
                management program in areas affected by, or areas at 
                risk of being affected by, plant pests or noxious weeds 
                (as so defined) that impact coffee plants;
                    ``(C) surveying and collecting data on coffee plant 
                production and health;
                    ``(D) investigating coffee plant biology, 
                immunology, ecology, genomics, and bioinformatics; and
                    ``(E) conducting research on--
                            ``(i) factors that may contribute to or be 
                        associated with coffee plant immune systems;
                            ``(ii) other serious threats to coffee 
                        plants, including the sublethal effects of 
                        insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides on 
                        insects and plants beneficial to coffee plant 
                        growth; and
                            ``(iii) the development of mitigating and 
                        preventative measures to improve habitat 
                        conservation and best management practices in 
                        coffee-growing regions.'';
            (2) by striking paragraph (11) and inserting the following:
            ``(11) Macadamia tree health initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purposes of--
                    ``(A) developing and disseminating science-based 
                tools and treatments to combat plant pests and noxious 
                weeds (as those terms are defined in section 403 of the 
                Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7702)) that impact 
                macadamia trees;
                    ``(B) establishing an areawide integrated pest 
                management program in areas affected by, or areas at 
                risk of being affected by, invasive plant pests or 
                noxious weeds (as so defined);
                    ``(C) surveying and collecting data on macadamia 
                tree production and health;
                    ``(D) investigating macadamia tree biology, 
                immunology, ecology, genomics, and bioinformatics; and
                    ``(E) conducting research on various factors that 
                may contribute to or be associated with macadamia tree 
                immune systems, and other serious threats to macadamia 
                trees, including--
                            ``(i) the sublethal effects of 
                        insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides on 
                        beneficial insects and plants to macadamia tree 
                        growth; and
                            ``(ii) the development of mitigative and 
                        preventative measures to improve habitat 
                        conservation and best management practices in 
                        macadamia tree growing regions.'';
            (3) in paragraph (14)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (F) 
                as subparagraphs (C) through (G), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the 
                following:
                    ``(B) to review the effectiveness of current cattle 
                fever tick eradication efforts in preventing and 
                reducing the spread of cattle fever ticks;''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(21) PFAS agricultural effects research initiative.--
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section 
        for the purposes of carrying out research relating to--
                    ``(A) the effects of perfluoroalkyl substances and 
                polyfluoroalkyl substances (as those terms are defined 
                in section 7331(2)(B) of the PFAS Act of 2019 (15 
                U.S.C. 8931(2)(B))) on agricultural land used for the 
                production of crops and livestock, including cropland, 
                grassland, rangeland, pasture land, cropped woodland, 
                marshes, environmentally sensitive areas, and other 
                land related to agricultural production, as determined 
                by the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) identifying methods to mitigate and remediate 
                the impacts of perfluoroalkyl substances and 
                polyfluoroalkyl substances (as so defined).
            ``(22) Peanut aflatoxin research initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purposes of--
                    ``(A) pre- and post-harvest improvements in the 
                peanut production, handling, and processing sectors to 
                improve efficiency and manage aflatoxin;
                    ``(B) advanced curing systems to minimize moisture 
                variation of individual peanut kernels; and
                    ``(C) other efforts that can lead to a reduction in 
                the risk of losses due to mold and potential aflatoxin 
                contamination in storage.
            ``(23) Biochar research initiative.--Research and extension 
        grants may be made under this section for the purposes of--
                    ``(A) assessing the soil carbon sequestration 
                potential of various biochars and management systems 
                integrating biochar use;
                    ``(B) understanding how to use biochar productively 
                to contribute to climate mitigation, crop production, 
                resilience to extreme weather events, ecosystem and 
                soil health, natural resource conservation, and farm 
                profitability; and
                    ``(C) delivering science-based, region-specific, 
                cost-effective, and practical information to farmers, 
                ranchers, foresters, land reclamation managers, urban 
                land managers, and other land and natural resource 
                managers and businesses on sustainable biochar 
                production and application.
            ``(24) Spotted wing drosophila initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made and cooperative agreements may be 
        entered into under this section to mitigate the negative 
        effects of spotted wing drosophila.
            ``(25) Spotted lanternfly control initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purposes of developing and disseminating research-based tools 
        and treatments to combat the Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma 
        delicatula).
            ``(26) Wheat resiliency initiative.--Research and extension 
        grants may be made under this section for the purpose of 
        building capacity to address emerging pest and disease 
        challenges to wheat production throughout the United States.
            ``(27) Invasive species research and extension.--Research 
        and extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purpose of supporting research projects at land-grant colleges 
        and universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National 
        Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 
        1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to develop and apply methods to manage 
        and eradicate invasive species of plants and animals, including 
        through methods of biocontrol.
            ``(28) Advanced mechanized harvester technologies research 
        and extension.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Research and extension grants 
                may be made under this section for the purpose of 
                developing and evaluating technologies to mechanize 
                agricultural processes.
                    ``(B) Emphasis.--In awarding grants under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary may place emphasis on 
                mechanizing the process for harvesting specialty crops.
            ``(29) Agricultural application of artificial intelligence 
        research and extension.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Research and extension grants 
                may be made under this section for the purpose of 
                developing and evaluating agricultural uses of 
                artificial intelligence.
                    ``(B) Emphasis.--In awarding grants under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary may place emphasis on 
                uses of artificial intelligence that improve specialty 
                crop production.
            ``(30) Aquaculture research and extension.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose 
        of supporting research projects at land-grant colleges and 
        universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National 
        Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 
        1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to develop and apply aquaculture methods, 
        including through the propagation and rearing of economically 
        and ecologically valuable aquatic and marine species.
            ``(31) White oak research initiative.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Research grants may be made 
                under this section to a land-grant college or 
                university (as defined in section 1404 of the National 
                Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy 
                Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) for the purpose of 
                improving white oak species resiliency, health, and 
                preservation.
                    ``(B) Priorities.--In awarding grants under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall prioritize 
                research relating to the resistance of white oak to 
                disease, pests, heat, and drought in cultivated, new, 
                and old-growth white oak timber stands.
            ``(32) Sunflower breeding initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose 
        of developing sunflower hybrids adapted for United States 
        growing regions.''.
    (b) Pulse Crop Health Initiative.--Section 1672(e)(5) of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(e)(5)) 
is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (c) Training Coordination for Food and Agriculture Protection.--
Section 1672(f)(5) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(f)(5)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.
    (d) Pollinator Protection.--Section 1672(g) of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(g)) is 
amended in paragraphs (1)(B), (2)(B), and (3) by striking ``2023'' each 
place it appears and inserting ``2029''.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 1672(h) of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(h)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7209. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EXTENSION INITIATIVE.

    Section 1672B of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925b) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``in each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023''; 
        and
            (2) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A) 
                through (G) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 and 
                2020;
                    ``(B) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                    ``(C) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(D) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 and 
                2024;
                    ``(E) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                    ``(F) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(G) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                    ``(H) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
                    ``(I) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2029 and each 
                fiscal year thereafter.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7210. ENHANCED COORDINATION OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE RESEARCH.

    The Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 is 
amended by inserting after section 1672B (7 U.S.C. 5925b) the 
following:

``SEC. 1672C. ENHANCED COORDINATION OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE RESEARCH.

    ``(a) In General.--The Chief Scientist of the Department of 
Agriculture shall coordinate research, extension, education, and 
economic activities in the Department of Agriculture relating to 
organic agriculture.
    ``(b) Duties.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Chief Scientist 
shall--
            ``(1) assign an individual to serve in the Office of the 
        Chief Scientist as an Organic Agriculture Research Coordinator 
        (referred to in this section as the `Coordinator') who shall be 
        responsible for leading the efforts of the Chief Scientist in 
        carrying out that subsection;
            ``(2) implement and coordinate organic agriculture research 
        efforts of the Department of Agriculture;
            ``(3) establish annual strategic priorities and goals for 
        the Department of Agriculture for organic agriculture research;
            ``(4) communicate such priorities and goals to each agency 
        or office of the Department of Agriculture, organic agriculture 
        stakeholders, and relevant grant recipients under programs 
        administered by the Secretary; and
            ``(5) coordinate and identify all research on organic 
        agriculture research needed and conducted by the Department of 
        Agriculture and relevant grant recipients under programs 
        administered by the Secretary to ensure consistency and reduce 
        unintended duplication of effort.
    ``(c) Surveys; Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date 
        of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024, and every 5 years thereafter, in coordination with the 
        roadmap for agricultural research, education, and extension 
        described in section 7504 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy 
        Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 7614a), the Coordinator shall--
                    ``(A) conduct a survey of all research of the 
                Secretary relating to organic agriculture, including a 
                survey of the acreage of certified organic agricultural 
                land used by the Agricultural Research Service; and
                    ``(B) submit to the Secretary a report containing 
                the findings of the survey conducted under subparagraph 
                (A), which shall include sections relating to the 
                Agricultural Research Service, the National Institute 
                of Food and Agriculture, the Economic Research Service, 
                the National Agricultural Statistics Service, and such 
                other agencies of the Department of Agriculture as the 
                Secretary determines to be appropriate.
            ``(2) Recommendations.--The Coordinator shall include in 
        each report submitted under paragraph (1)(B) recommendations 
        relating to--
                    ``(A) enhancing the research conducted by the 
                Secretary that--
                            ``(i) is applicable to agricultural 
                        producers that adhere to the requirements under 
                        the national organic program established under 
                        the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 
                        U.S.C. 6501 et seq.); and
                            ``(ii) would explore the new or enhanced 
                        research opportunities that could lead to new 
                        discoveries, foster innovation, improve 
                        technologies, and promote integrated systems 
                        approaches to assist--
                                    ``(I) organic agricultural 
                                producers;
                                    ``(II) consumers of organic food 
                                products;
                                    ``(III) organic marketing and 
                                distribution channels;
                                    ``(IV) transitioning-to-organic 
                                agricultural producers, including with 
                                respect to barriers to transitioning to 
                                organic production and producers who 
                                have considered transitioning to 
                                organic production but decided not to 
                                do so; and
                                    ``(V) the organic food industry; 
                                and
                    ``(B) strategies to increase the coordination and 
                effectiveness of projects carried out by the Secretary 
                that are applicable to organic production and that 
                would improve the efficiency, productivity, 
                profitability, and ecosystem services of organic crop 
                and livestock production.
            ``(3) Review of prior report.--The Coordinator shall 
        include in each report submitted under paragraph (1)(B)--
                    ``(A) a review of the recommendations described in 
                paragraph (2) included in the prior report submitted 
                under paragraph (1)(B); and
                    ``(B) the actions taken by the Secretary to 
                implement those recommendations.
            ``(4) Public availability.--The Secretary shall make each 
        report received under paragraph (1)(B) publicly available.''.

SEC. 7211. FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT.

    Section 1672D(d)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925f(d)(2)) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7212. URBAN, INDOOR, AND OTHER EMERGING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 
              RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION INITIATIVE.

    (a) In General.--Section 1672E of the Food, Agriculture, 
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925g) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (7), by striking ``or'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) managing waste streams of production practices to 
        improve the environmental impact of urban, indoor, and other 
        emerging agricultural practices.''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)(2), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Data Collection.--Section 7212(b) of the Agriculture 
Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 4812) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph 
        (A)--
                    (A) by striking ``Not later than one year after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the'' and inserting 
                ``The''; and
                    (B) by striking ``the census of agriculture 
                conducted in the calendar year 2017'' and inserting 
                ``each census of agriculture''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``$14,000,000 for the 
        period of fiscal years 2019 through 2021'' and inserting 
        ``$18,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to 
        remain available until expended''.

SEC. 7213. CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE AT 1890 INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 1673 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5926) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``excellence.'' and 
        inserting ``excellence at 1890 institutions.'';
            (2) by striking subsections (a) through (c);
            (3) in subsection (d), by striking the subsection 
        designation and heading and all that follows through ``The 
        Secretary'' in paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Recognition.--The Secretary'';
            (4) in subsection (a) (as so designated)--
                    (A) by inserting ``and not more than 10'' after 
                ``not less than 3'';
                    (B) by striking ``paragraph (2)'' and inserting 
                ``subsection (b)''; and
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as 
                subsections (b) through (d), respectively, and 
                indenting appropriately;
            (5) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (F) 
                as paragraphs (1) through (6), respectively, and 
                indenting appropriately;
                    (B) by striking ``paragraph (1)'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``subsection (a)''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) Climate change.--A center of excellence established 
        under subsection (a) may focus on climate change adaption and 
        mitigation, soil health and carbon sequestration, nutrient and 
        manure management, advanced grazing management and crop-
        livestock integration, perennial production systems, 
        agroforestry, on-farm and food system energy efficiency and 
        renewable energy production, and food waste reduction.
            ``(8) Forestry resilience and conservation.--A center of 
        excellence established under subsection (a) may focus on 
        fostering forest conservation, agroforestry, enhancing forest 
        resilience, and urban and community forestry programs to 
        promote biodiversity and environmental health.
            ``(9) Food safety, bioprocessing, and value-added 
        agriculture.--A center of excellence established under 
        subsection (a) may focus on food safety, bioprocessing, value-
        added agriculture enterprise development, and innovative food 
        and agriculture product development.
            ``(10) Food and agricultural sciences and the social 
        sciences.--A center of excellence established under subsection 
        (a) may focus on the integration of the social sciences, 
        including economics, psychology, rural sociology, and other 
        social sciences and data sciences, into the food and 
        agricultural sciences to develop comprehensive solutions to 
        issues impacting underserved farmers and communities.'';
            (6) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023'' and 
        inserting ``$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029''; and
            (7) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
                paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, and indenting 
                appropriately; and
                    (B) in paragraph (1) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``subsection 
                (a)''.

SEC. 7214. ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM FOR FARMERS WITH DISABILITIES.

    Section 1680(c)(1)(B) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5933(c)(1)(B)) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7215. NATIONAL RURAL INFORMATION CENTER CLEARINGHOUSE.

    Section 2381(e) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 3125b(e)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

Subtitle C--Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act 
                                of 1998

SEC. 7301. NATIONAL FOOD SAFETY TRAINING, EDUCATION, EXTENSION, 
              OUTREACH, AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    Section 405(j) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7625(j)) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7302. INTEGRATED RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION COMPETITIVE 
              GRANTS PROGRAM.

    Section 406(f) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7626(f)) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7303. SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH REGARDING DISEASES OF WHEAT, TRITICALE, 
              AND BARLEY CAUSED BY FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM OR BY TILLETIA 
              INDICA.

    Section 408(e) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7628(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023.'' and inserting 
        ``2024; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029.''.

SEC. 7304. GRANTS FOR YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS.

    Section 410(d)(2) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7630(d)(2)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7305. SPECIALTY CROP RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

    (a) In General.--Section 412 of the Agricultural Research, 
Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7632) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ``subsection (d) and 
        (j),'' and inserting ``subsections (d), (j), and (k),'';
            (2) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(C) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the matching 
                funds requirement under subparagraph (A).''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``the 
                Initiative'' and inserting ``this section'';
            (3) by redesignating subsections (j) and (k) as subsections 
        (k) and (l), respectively;
            (4) by inserting after subsection (i) the following:
    ``(j) Specialty Crop Mechanization and Automation Research and 
Development Program.--
            ``(1) Establishment and purpose.--The Secretary shall 
        establish a competitive research and extension grant program to 
        increase the competitiveness of specialty crops in the United 
        States through the advancement and acceleration of 
        mechanization and automation, under which the Secretary awards 
        competitive grants to eligible entities--
                    ``(A) to create or improve cost-effective 
                mechanization, automation, and other innovations and 
                technologies--
                            ``(i) to reduce the manual labor 
                        requirements of a specialty crop grower;
                            ``(ii) to improve specialty crop farmworker 
                        safety and health or working conditions; or
                            ``(iii) to increase the efficiency of 
                        specialty crop--
                                    ``(I) production;
                                    ``(II) resource management;
                                    ``(III) harvesting;
                                    ``(IV) processing;
                                    ``(V) postharvest technologies; or
                                    ``(VI) packaging;
                    ``(B) to increase the adoption of specialty crop 
                mechanization, automation, and other innovations and 
                technologies by--
                            ``(i) emphasizing adoption drivers, which 
                        may include connectivity, autonomy, 
                        reliability, durability, in-field validation, 
                        and cost-effectiveness; or
                            ``(ii) investing in and developing human 
                        capital to increase the capacity of the 
                        specialty crop sector to work with new 
                        technologies; or
                    ``(C) to accelerate specialty crop mechanization 
                and automation through--
                            ``(i) prototype development;
                            ``(ii) in-field trial testing;
                            ``(iii) ongoing industry engagement; or
                            ``(iv) rapid commercialization.
            ``(2) Priority.--In awarding grants under this subsection, 
        the Secretary shall give priority to proposals for projects 
        that--
                    ``(A) address the training or retraining of 
                farmworkers to operate, repair, program, or otherwise 
                maintain mechanization and automation solutions 
                involved in the project; and
                    ``(B) include explicit mechanisms to communicate 
                the results of the project to producers and the public.
            ``(3) Applicability.--Subsections (a), (c) through (g), 
        (i), and (l) shall apply to the program established under this 
        subsection.'';
            (5) in subsection (k) (as so redesignated), in paragraph 
        (5), by striking ``In addition to the amounts reserved under 
        subsection (k)(1)(C), there'' and inserting ``There''; and
            (6) in subsection (l) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) in the subparagraph heading, by 
                                striking ``Subsequent funding'' and 
                                inserting ``Fiscal years 2014 through 
                                2024''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``fiscal year 2014 
                                and each fiscal year thereafter'' and 
                                inserting ``each of fiscal years 2014 
                                through 2024''; and
                            (ii) by striking subparagraphs (C) and (D) 
                        and inserting the following:
                    ``(C) Subsequent funding.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Of the funds of the 
                        Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary 
                        shall make available to carry out this section 
                        $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each 
                        fiscal year thereafter.
                            ``(ii) Allocation.--The Secretary shall 
                        allocate funds made available under clause (i) 
                        in accordance with the following:
                                    ``(I) Specialty crop research and 
                                extension initiative.--For the 
                                Initiative, not less than--
                                            ``(aa) $150,000,000 for 
                                        each of fiscal years 2025 
                                        through 2029; and
                                            ``(bb) $170,000,000 for 
                                        fiscal year 2030 and each 
                                        fiscal year thereafter.
                                    ``(II) Specialty crop mechanization 
                                and automation research and development 
                                program.--For the specialty crop 
                                mechanization and automation research 
                                and development program established 
                                under subsection (j), $20,000,000 for 
                                each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.
                            ``(iii) Reallocation.--Any funds allocated 
                        under clause (ii)(II) that remain unobligated 
                        on the date that is 1 year after the last day 
                        of the fiscal year in which those funds are 
                        first made available shall be reallocated for 
                        the purposes described in clause (ii)(I).
                            ``(iv) Availability of mechanization and 
                        automation funds.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Notwithstanding 
                                paragraph (4), funds made available 
                                under clause (i) and allocated under 
                                clause (ii)(II) shall remain available 
                                until expended.
                                    ``(II) Reallocated funds.--For 
                                purposes of paragraph (4), amounts 
                                reallocated under clause (iii) shall be 
                                considered to be made available for the 
                                fiscal year for which the amounts are 
                                reallocated.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``for fiscal years 2014 through 2023'';
                            (ii) by striking ``In addition'' and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--In addition''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (A) (as so 
                        designated), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                        ``2029'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as subparagraph 
                (B) of paragraph (2) and indenting appropriately; and
                    (D) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as 
                paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 1408A of the National Agricultural Research, 
        Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123a) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(2)(A), by striking ``(j)(3)'' 
                and inserting ``(k)(3)'';
                    (B) in subsection (c)(5), by striking ``specialty 
                crop research initiative'' and inserting ``programs''; 
                and
                    (C) in subsection (g), in the matter preceding 
                paragraph (1), by striking ``(j)'' and inserting 
                ``(k)''.
            (2) Section 251(f)(1)(D)(x) of the Department of 
        Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 
        6971(f)(1)(D)(x)) is amended by striking ``specialty crop 
        research initiative under section 412 of the Agricultural 
        Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998'' and 
        inserting ``programs under section 412 of the Agricultural 
        Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 
        7632)''.
            (3) Section 12605(c) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 
        2018 (7 U.S.C. 7632 note; Public Law 115-334) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``412(j)'' and inserting 
                ``412(k)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``7632(j))'' and inserting 
                ``7632(k))''.

SEC. 7306. FOOD ANIMAL RESIDUE AVOIDANCE DATABASE PROGRAM.

    Section 604(e) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7642(e)) is amended by striking 
``$2,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2023'' and inserting 
``$5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 7307. OFFICE OF PEST MANAGEMENT POLICY.

    Section 614(f) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7653(f)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023.'' and inserting 
        ``2024; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) $8,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029.''.

SEC. 7308. FORESTRY PRODUCTS ADVANCED UTILIZATION RESEARCH.

    Section 617(f)(1) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7655b(f)(1)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

         Subtitle D--Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

                     PART I--AGRICULTURAL SECURITY

SEC. 7401. AGRICULTURAL BIOSECURITY COMMUNICATION CENTER.

    Section 14112(c)(2) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 
2008 (7 U.S.C. 8912(c)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7402. ASSISTANCE TO BUILD LOCAL CAPACITY IN AGRICULTURAL 
              BIOSECURITY PLANNING, PREPARATION, AND RESPONSE.

    Section 14113 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 
U.S.C. 8913) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)(B), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)(2)(B), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7403. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL COUNTERMEASURES.

    Section 14121(b)(2) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 
2008 (7 U.S.C. 8921(b)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7404. AGRICULTURAL BIOSECURITY GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 14122(e)(2) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 
2008 (7 U.S.C. 8922(e)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

                   PART II--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SEC. 7411. GRAZINGLANDS RESEARCH LABORATORY.

    Section 7502 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 
(Public Law 110-246; 122 Stat. 2019; 128 Stat. 901; 132 Stat. 4817) is 
amended by striking ``15-year period beginning on the date of enactment 
of this Act'' and inserting ``period beginning on the date of enactment 
of this Act and ending on September 30, 2029''.

SEC. 7412. FARM AND RANCH STRESS ASSISTANCE NETWORK.

    Section 7522 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 
U.S.C. 5936) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1)(A), by inserting ``, including 
        crisis lines'' before the semicolon at the end;
            (2) in subsection (d), by striking ``$10,000,000 for each 
        of fiscal years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``$15,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029'';
            (3) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and
            (4) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Referrals to Providers.--As part of the efforts of the 
recipient of a grant under subsection (a) to connect individuals to 
behavioral health counseling and wellness support and to ensure 
individuals have access to a comprehensive scope of mental health and 
substance use treatments and supports, when applicable, the grant 
recipient may establish referral relationships with--
            ``(1) certified community behavioral health clinics (as 
        defined in section 1905(jj)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 
        U.S.C. 1396d(jj)(2));
            ``(2) health centers (as defined in section 330(a) of the 
        Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254b(a)));
            ``(3) rural health clinics (as defined in section 1861(aa) 
        of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(aa)));
            ``(4) Federally qualified health centers (as defined in 
        that section); and
            ``(5) critical access hospitals (as defined in section 
        1861(mm) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(mm))).
    ``(f) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary, in 
coordination with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall 
submit to Congress and any other relevant Federal department or agency, 
and make publicly available, a report describing--
            ``(1) the state of behavioral and mental health of 
        individuals who are engaged in farming, ranching, and other 
        occupations relating to agriculture, including farmworkers and 
        food system workers; and
            ``(2) how the Department of Agriculture can improve 
        coordination and cooperation with Federal health departments 
        and agencies, including the Substance Abuse and Mental Health 
        Services Administration, to better address the behavioral and 
        mental health of individuals who are engaged in farming, 
        ranching, and other occupations relating to agriculture 
        (including farmworkers and food system workers), such as 
        coordination and cooperation on serving those individuals 
        through existing national hotlines.''.

SEC. 7413. NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH PROGRAM.

    Section 7525(e) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 5937(e)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 7414. SUN GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 7526(g) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 8114(g)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

                       Subtitle E--Other Matters

SEC. 7501. FOUNDATION FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE RESEARCH.

    Section 7601 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 5939) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)(1)(B)(iii), by striking ``annual 
        report required in subsection (f)(3)(B)'' and inserting 
        ``annual report and strategic plan required under subsection 
        (f)(3)(B);'';
            (2) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)(B)--
                            (i) in clause (i)(I)--
                                    (I) in item (bb), by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end;
                                    (II) in item (cc), by striking the 
                                period at the end and inserting ``; 
                                and''; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                                            ``(dd) a description of all 
                                        collaborative stakeholder 
                                        engagements providing an 
                                        opportunity for stakeholders to 
                                        provide input on agricultural 
                                        research priorities that were 
                                        conducted in the preceding 
                                        fiscal year.''; and
                            (ii) by striking clauses (iii) and (iv) and 
                        inserting the following:
                            ``(iii) Stakeholder notice and 
                        engagement.--The Foundation shall publish an 
                        annual notice with a description of 
                        agricultural research priorities under this 
                        section for the upcoming fiscal year, 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) a schedule for funding 
                                competitions;
                                    ``(II) a discussion of how 
                                applications for funding will be 
                                evaluated;
                                    ``(III) how the Foundation will 
                                communicate information about funded 
                                awards to the public to ensure that 
                                grantees and partners understand the 
                                objectives of the Foundation; and
                                    ``(IV) virtual and in-person 
                                opportunities for collaborative 
                                stakeholder engagement to provide input 
                                on agricultural research priorities.
                            ``(iv) Strategic plan.--Not later than 2 
                        years after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, and 
                        every 5 years thereafter, the Foundation shall 
                        submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the 
                        House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                        Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
                        Senate a strategic plan describing--
                                    ``(I) a forecast of major 
                                agricultural challenge opportunities 
                                identified by the scientific advisory 
                                councils of the Foundation and approved 
                                by the Board, including short- and 
                                long-term objectives;
                                    ``(II) an overview of the efforts 
                                that the Foundation has taken to be 
                                transparent in each of the processes of 
                                the Foundation, including--
                                            ``(aa) processes relating 
                                        to grant awards, including the 
                                        selection, review, and 
                                        notification processes;
                                            ``(bb) communication of 
                                        past, current, and future 
                                        research priorities;
                                            ``(cc) coordination with 
                                        the Department of Agriculture 
                                        to minimize duplication and 
                                        avoid conflicts; and
                                            ``(dd) plans to solicit and 
                                        respond to public input on the 
                                        opportunities identified in the 
                                        strategic plan;
                                    ``(III) the financial goals and 
                                benchmarks for the next 5 years, 
                                including a detailed plan for--
                                            ``(aa) raising funds in 
                                        amounts greater than the 
                                        amounts required under 
                                        subsection (g)(1)(B);
                                            ``(bb) soliciting 
                                        additional resources pursuant 
                                        to subsection (e)(4)(A)(iv) and 
                                        paragraph (2)(A)(iii); and
                                            ``(cc) managing and 
                                        leveraging such resources 
                                        pursuant to paragraph 
                                        (2)(A)(vii);
                                    ``(IV) the goals for the next 5 
                                years relating to engaging stakeholders 
                                in providing input on agricultural 
                                research priorities; and
                                    ``(V) other related issues, as 
                                determined by the Board.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) Transparency.--To ensure transparency in the 
        decision-making and grant-making process of the Foundation, the 
        Foundation shall--
                    ``(A) provide feedback to an individual or entity 
                that submits a completed research concept for which the 
                individual or entity has private funding but that does 
                not receive a public match from the Foundation for the 
                program or initiative;
                    ``(B) provide feedback to one or more researchers 
                who apply for but do not receive a research grant 
                within a Foundation-led program or initiative; and
                    ``(C) not later than 3 years after the date of 
                enactment of this paragraph, undergo a third-party 
                strategic review to solicit feedback from the food and 
                agricultural community on the quality of feedback 
                provided by the Foundation.''; and
            (3) in subsection (g)(1)(A)--
                    (A) by striking clauses (i) and (ii) and inserting 
                the following:
                            ``(i) General funding.--Of the funds of the 
                        Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary 
                        shall transfer to the Foundation to carry out 
                        this section $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 
                        and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain 
                        available until expended.''; and
                    (B) by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (ii).

SEC. 7502. HEIRS PROPERTY AND FRACTIONATED LAND LEGAL CLINICS.

    Subtitle F of title VII of the Agricultural Act of 2014 is amended 
by inserting after section 7603 (7 U.S.C. 3125a-1) the following:

``SEC. 7603A. HEIRS PROPERTY AND FRACTIONATED LAND LEGAL CLINICS.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) 1862 institution; 1890 institution.--The terms `1862 
        Institution' and `1890 Institution' have the meanings given 
        those terms in section 2 of the Agricultural Research, 
        Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601).
            ``(2) 1994 institution.--The term `1994 Institution' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 532 of the Equity in 
        Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; 
        Public Law 103-382).
    ``(b) Cooperative Agreements.--The Secretary shall support the 
provision of legal services to resolve ownership and succession on 
farmland, including heirs property and fractionated land, by entering 
into cooperative agreements with 1890 Institutions, 1994 Institutions, 
and 1862 Institutions that demonstrate the ability to provide such 
legal services through--
            ``(1) the law school of the 1890 Institution, 1994 
        Institution, or 1862 Institution; or
            ``(2) a partnership with--
                    ``(A) a nonprofit legal organization or community-
                based organization with experience providing such legal 
                services; or
                    ``(B) an accredited law school of another 
                institution of higher education.
    ``(c) Priority.--In entering into cooperative agreements under 
subsection (b), the Secretary shall give priority to 1890 Institutions 
and 1994 Institutions.
    ``(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 
and each fiscal year thereafter.''.

SEC. 7503. CRITICAL AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS ACT.

    Section 16(a)(2) of the Critical Agricultural Materials Act (7 
U.S.C. 178n(a)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 7504. EQUITY IN EDUCATIONAL LAND-GRANT STATUS ACT OF 1994.

    (a) Endowment for 1994 Institutions.--Section 533(b) of the Equity 
in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public 
Law 103-382) is amended in the first sentence by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Appropriations.--Section 534(a)(1) of the Equity in Educational 
Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103-382) 
is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
            (1) by striking ``1996'' and inserting ``2025''; and
            (2) by striking ``equal to'' and inserting ``not less 
        than''.
    (c) Institutional Capacity Building Grants.--Section 535 of the 
Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; 
Public Law 103-382) is amended by striking ``2023'' each place it 
appears in subsections (b)(1) and (c) and inserting ``2029''.
    (d) Research Grants.-- Section 536 of the Equity in Educational 
Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103-382) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking the subsection designation and 
                heading and all that follows through ``with--'' in the 
                matter preceding paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(b) Cooperative Agreements.--A 1994 Institution that receives a 
grant under subsection (a) may conduct research described in that 
subsection under a cooperative agreement with--''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by striking ``at least 1'' and 
                inserting ``1 or more''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), in the first sentence, by striking 
        ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7505. REPORT ON THE EXTENSION SERVICE NEEDS OF TRIBAL LANDS AND 
              POPULATIONS.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States (referred to in 
this section as the ``Comptroller General'') shall conduct a study of--
            (1) the extension service needs with respect to Tribal 
        lands and Tribal populations, regardless of the location of 
        those populations;
            (2) whether the cooperative extension program and the 
        Federally Recognized Tribes Extension Program established under 
        section 1677 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
        Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5930) are meeting those needs, including 
        by examining, for the most recent 20 years--
                    (A) the total amount of Federal funding received in 
                each State for extension services;
                    (B) the types of extension services, including 
                extension services on agriculture, serving the Tribal 
                population in each State and the amount of funding 
                spent on each type of extension service in the State; 
                and
                    (C) the Tribal population in each State; and
            (3) how the program established under section 1677 of the 
        Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 
        U.S.C. 5930) was established when that section was enacted by 
        Congress and the significant changes to the operation and 
        funding of that program since that enactment.
    (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the 
        completion of the study under subsection (a), the Comptroller 
        General shall submit a report describing the results of the 
        study to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 
        of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
        Representatives.
            (2) Recommendations.--If the Comptroller General finds 
        under the study under subsection (a) that the existing 
        cooperative extension program and the Federally Recognized 
        Tribes Extension Program are not meeting the needs described in 
        subsection (a)(1), the report under paragraph (1) shall include 
        such legislative and other recommendations as the Comptroller 
        General determines would result in a system under which those 
        needs are met in an equitable and effective manner.

SEC. 7506. RESTORATION OF 4-H NAME AND EMBLEM AUTHORITY.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) 4-H club.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``4-H club'' means a 4-H 
                club recognized under the 4-H Program.
                    (B) Inclusion.--The term ``4-H club'' includes an 
                authorized agent of a 4-H club.
            (2) 4-H emblem or name.--The term ``4-H emblem or name'' 
        means the 4-H sign or emblem, consisting of a green four-leaf 
        clover with stem and the letter ``H'' in white or gold on each 
        leaflet, and the words ``4-H'', ``4-H Club'', and ``4-H 
        Clubs'', used to identify and distinguish the 4-H Program and 
        the activities, clubs, members, goods, and services of the 4-H 
        Program.
            (3) 4-H program.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``4-H Program'' means the 
                youth development program of the land-grant colleges or 
                universities, the Cooperative Extension System (as 
                defined by the Secretary), and the Department of 
                Agriculture.
                    (B) Inclusion.--The term ``4-H Program'' includes 
                an authorized agent of the 4-H Program.
            (4) Land-grant college or university.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``land-grant college or 
                university'' means an 1862 Institution, an 1890 
                Institution, or a 1994 Institution (as those terms are 
                defined in section 2 of the Agricultural Research, 
                Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 
                7601)).
                    (B) Inclusion.--The term ``land-grant college or 
                university'' includes an authorized agent of a land-
                grant college or university.
    (b) Effect of Repeal; Ratification.--
            (1) Civil acts.--Any civil act or action of the 4-H 
        Program, a 4-H club, the Secretary, or a land-grant college or 
        university taken with respect to the use of the 4-H emblem or 
        name, or the recognition of any 4-H club, during the period 
        beginning on May 8, 1914, and ending on the date of enactment 
        of this Act, is deemed to be of legal force and effect and 
        ratified as if section 1002(3) of the Clean Up the Code Act of 
        2019 (title X of division O of Public Law 116-260; 134 Stat. 
        2155) had not been enacted into law.
            (2) Effect on criminal law.--Nothing in this subsection 
        affects the effect on criminal law of the repeal made by 
        section 1002(3) of the Clean Up the Code Act of 2019 (title X 
        of division O of Public Law 116-260; 134 Stat. 2155).
    (c) Authorizations for Use of 4-H Emblem or Name; Fees; Deposits.--
            (1) Authorization.--The Secretary may--
                    (A) use the 4-H emblem or name; and
                    (B) grant authorizations to use the 4-H emblem or 
                name, as provided by regulations issued by the 
                Secretary.
            (2) Fees.--An authorization under paragraph (1) may be 
        granted--
                    (A) without a fee or other consideration; or
                    (B) for a fee or other consideration.
            (3) Use of fees.--The Secretary shall deposit into a 
        special account any fees collected under paragraph (2)(B), the 
        amounts in which shall remain available to the Secretary until 
        expended, without further appropriation, for furthering the 4-H 
        Program.
    (d) Unauthorized Use of 4-H Emblem or Name.--
            (1) Prohibition.--Whoever, other than the 4-H Program, a 4-
        H club, the Department of Agriculture, a land-grant college or 
        university, and those authorized by them, uses in commerce the 
        4-H emblem or name or any reproduction, counterfeit, copy, or 
        colorable imitation of the 4-H emblem or name to indicate 
        membership in an association, organization, or other collective 
        group, or in connection with the sale, offering for sale, 
        distribution, or advertising of goods or services, on or in 
        connection with which that use is likely to cause confusion, to 
        cause mistake, or to deceive as to membership or participation 
        in, an affiliation, connection, or association with, or 
        authorization or approval by, a 4-H club or the 4-H Program, 
        shall be subject to the civil action in paragraph (2).
            (2) Civil action.--The Attorney General on behalf of the 
        Secretary, or contract counsel procured by the Secretary, may 
        bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the 
        United States against whoever engages in any of the prohibited 
        acts described in paragraph (1) for the remedies provided in 
        the Act of July 5, 1946 (commonly known as the ``Trademark Act 
        of 1946'' or the ``Lanham Act'') (15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.).
    (e) Savings Clauses.--
            (1) Prior authorized uses.--Nothing in this section makes 
        unlawful the use of any emblem, name, sign, symbol, insignia, 
        or words that was lawful on December 26, 2020.
            (2) Delegation.--Nothing in this section limits the 
        authority of the Secretary to delegate authority of the 
        Secretary as otherwise authorized by law.

SEC. 7507. AMENDMENTS TO THE HATCH ACT.

    (a) Matching Funds.--Section 3(d)(1) of the Hatch Act of 1887 (7 
U.S.C. 361c(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``agricultural research'' and 
inserting ``agricultural research, for graduate student tuition and 
fees,''.
    (b) Use of Funds.--Section 4 of the Hatch Act of 1887 (7 U.S.C. 
361d) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking ``administrative 
planning'' and inserting ``graduate student tuition and fees, 
administrative planning''.
    (c) Payment of Allotments to State Agricultural Experiment 
Stations.--Section 5 of the Hatch Act of 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361e) is 
amended--
            (1) in the second sentence, by striking ``officer known as 
        a director, and a treasurer or other officer appointed by the 
        government board of the station'' and inserting ``officer, to 
        be known as a `State Agricultural Experiment Station Director', 
        and a treasurer''; and
            (2) in the third sentence--
                    (A) by striking ``or other officer''; and
                    (B) by striking ``director'' and inserting ``State 
                Agricultural Experiment Station Director,''.

SEC. 7508. RESEARCH FACILITIES ACT.

    Section 6 of the Research Facilities Act (7 U.S.C. 390d) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking the section designation and heading and all 
        that follows through ``Subject to'' in subsection (a) and 
        inserting the following:

``SEC. 6. FUNDING.

    ``(a) In General.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Subject to subsections (b), (c), 
        and (d), out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise 
        appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
        out the competitive grant program under section 4 
        $2,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain available until 
        expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--Subject to''; and
            (2) in subsection (a)(2) (as so designated), in the first 
        sentence, by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7509. PUBLIC CULTIVAR DEVELOPMENT.

    (a) In General.--Subsection (b)(2) of the Competitive, Special, and 
Facilities Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A)(iii), by inserting ``regionally 
        adapted cultivar and breed development,'' before ``selection 
        theory,''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (B)(iv), by inserting ``regionally 
        adapted breed development,'' before ``selection theory,''.
    (b) Report.--Not later than October 1, 2026, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives 
a report that provides information on all public cultivar and animal 
germplasm research funded by the Department of Agriculture, including--
            (1) an assessment of the research funded by the Department 
        of Agriculture relating to public cultivar and animal germplasm 
        development;
            (2) identified research gaps relating to public cultivar 
        and animal germplasm development; and
            (3) recommendations to improve coordination of all public 
        cultivar and animal germplasm work across the Department of 
        Agriculture, including engagement with relevant stakeholders.

SEC. 7510. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

    Subsection (b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research 
Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B)(i), by inserting ``, 
                including shellfish'' before the semicolon;
                    (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                            (i) in clause (vii), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) in clause (viii), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ix) measuring, monitoring, reporting, 
                        and verifying greenhouse gas emissions and 
                        carbon sequestration.'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (E)--
                            (i) in clause (iv), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) in clause (v), by striking the period 
                        at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(vi) precision agriculture technologies;
                            ``(vii) hydroponics, aquaponics, 
                        aeroponics, and other production technologies 
                        used in controlled-environment agricultural 
                        production; and
                            ``(viii) food loss and waste prevention and 
                        reduction, including new technologies to extend 
                        shelf life and new opportunities for new 
                        upcycled food products.'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (F)--
                            (i) in clause (vii), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) in clause (viii), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ix) workforce training, education, 
                        research, and outreach activities relating to 
                        the food and agricultural sciences (as defined 
                        in section 1404 of the National Agricultural 
                        Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 
                        1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)).''; and
                    (E) adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) Agricultural climate adaptation and 
                mitigation.--Agricultural climate adaptation and 
                mitigation, including--
                            ``(i) strategies for agricultural 
                        adaptation to climate change and drought, 
                        including strategies for small and medium-sized 
                        farms and ranches;
                            ``(ii) on-farm mitigation strategies and 
                        solutions, including infrastructure, equipment, 
                        and ecosystems-based strategies;
                            ``(iii) economic and social costs and 
                        benefits of adopting conservation practices to 
                        mitigate and adapt to climate change;
                            ``(iv) ecosystem service co-benefits of 
                        reducing net greenhouse gas emissions and 
                        adapting to climate change;
                            ``(v) new technologies, methods, and models 
                        to measure and predict greenhouse gas emissions 
                        and soil carbon sequestration; and
                            ``(vi) the intersection of agricultural 
                        production, soil health, climate change, and 
                        human health.'';
            (2) in paragraph (6)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as 
                subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the 
                following:
                    ``(E) to a consortium of junior or community 
                colleges (as defined in section 312 of the Higher 
                Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1058)) that may 
                partner with land-grant colleges or universities (as 
                defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural 
                Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 
                U.S.C. 3103)), to carry out workforce training, 
                education, research, and outreach priorities described 
                in paragraph (2)(F)(ix).''; and
            (3) in paragraph (11)(A), in the matter preceding clause 
        (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7511. EXTENSION DESIGN AND DEMONSTRATION INITIATIVE.

    Subsection (d)(6) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities 
Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(d)(6)) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7512. BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

    Section 9008(h)(2) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 8108(h)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7513. RENEWABLE RESOURCES EXTENSION ACT OF 1978.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 6 of the Renewable 
Resources Extension Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1675) is amended in the 
first sentence by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Termination Date.--Section 8 of the Renewable Resources 
Extension Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1671 note; Public Law 95-306) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7514. NATIONAL AQUACULTURE ACT OF 1980.

    Section 10 of the National Aquaculture Act of 1980 (16 U.S.C. 2809) 
is amended--
            (1) by striking ``2023'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``2029''; and
            (2) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``the'' before 
        ``Interior''.

SEC. 7515. FEDERAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH FACILITIES.

    Section 1431 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1985 (title XIV of Public Law 99-198; 
99 Stat. 1556) is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7516. ENHANCED USE LEASE AUTHORITY PROGRAM.

    Section 308(b)(6)(A) of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform and 
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 3125a 
note; Public Law 103-354) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 7517. AGRIVOLTAIC SYSTEMS.

    (a) Definition of Agrivoltaic System.--In this section, the term 
``agrivoltaic system'' means a system under which solar energy 
production and agricultural production, including crop or animal 
production, occurs in an integrated manner on the same piece of land 
through the duration of a project.
    (b) Study.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, in coordination with the 
        Secretary of Energy and relevant experts, shall conduct a study 
        on agrivoltaic systems that shall include--
                    (A) a review of the current research and gaps in 
                research relating to the regional compatibility of 
                different species of livestock with different 
                agrivoltaic panel and agrivoltaic system designs, 
                including--
                            (i) the optimal height of and distance 
                        between solar panels for--
                                    (I) livestock grazing; and
                                    (II) shade for livestock;
                            (ii) manure management considerations;
                            (iii) fencing requirements;
                            (iv) other animal handling considerations; 
                        and
                            (v) the incorporation of apiculture;
                    (B) an assessment of animal breeding research needs 
                with respect to beneficial and compatible 
                characteristics and behaviors of different species of 
                grazing animals in agrivoltaic systems;
                    (C) a review of the current research and gaps in 
                research relating to the regional compatibility of 
                different crop types with different agrivoltaic system 
                designs, including--
                            (i) the optimal height of and distance 
                        between solar panels for--
                                    (I) plant shading; and
                                    (II) farm equipment use;
                            (ii) the impact on crop yield;
                            (iii) the impact on soil moisture and water 
                        availability; and
                            (iv) market opportunities to sell crops at 
                        a premium price;
                    (D) an assessment of plant breeding research needs 
                with respect to beneficial and compatible 
                characteristics of different crops, including specialty 
                and perennial crops, in agrivoltaic systems;
                    (E) a risk-benefit analysis of agrivoltaic systems 
                in different regions of the United States, including a 
                comparison between the total greenhouse gas impact of 
                agrivoltaic systems and solar energy systems that 
                displace agricultural production;
                    (F) an assessment of the economic scalability of 
                agrivoltaic systems across different agricultural land 
                types, production systems, and regional markets;
                    (G) an assessment of the types of agricultural land 
                best suited and worst suited for agrivoltaic systems;
                    (H) an assessment of how to best develop 
                agrivoltaic systems on a national and local scale 
                consistent with--
                            (i) maintaining or increasing agricultural 
                        production;
                            (ii) increasing agricultural resilience;
                            (iii) retaining prime farmland;
                            (iv) increasing economic opportunities in 
                        farming and rural communities;
                            (v) reducing nonfarmer ownership of 
                        farmland; and
                            (vi) enhancing biodiversity;
                    (I) an assessment of the unique risk management and 
                crop insurance needs of agrivoltaic systems;
                    (J) an assessment of how Federal procurement of 
                agricultural products could help build a market for 
                agricultural products from farms with agrivoltaic 
                systems; and
                    (K) an assessment of appropriate modifications to 
                better incorporate agrivoltaic systems into existing 
                Federal--
                            (i) agricultural conservation programs;
                            (ii) agricultural risk management programs, 
                        including Federal crop insurance;
                            (iii) renewable energy programs;
                            (iv) agricultural procurement programs; and
                            (v) investment tax credits.
            (2) 5-year plan.--Based on the study under paragraph (1), 
        the Secretary shall develop a 5-year plan for using the 
        research, extension, outreach, conservation, and renewable 
        energy activities of the Department of Agriculture to better 
        support agrivoltaic systems that do not displace agricultural 
        production.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and 
        the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
        Senate a report containing the results of the study conducted 
        under paragraph (1).

SEC. 7518. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, AND 
              NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION JOINT RESEARCH AND 
              DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out, with the Secretary 
of Energy and the Director of the National Science Foundation, cross-
cutting and collaborative research and development activities focused 
on the joint advancement of Department of Agriculture, Department of 
Energy, and National Science Foundation mission requirements and 
priorities.
    (b) Memoranda of Understanding.--The Secretary shall carry out and 
coordinate the activities under subsection (a) through the 
establishment of one or more memoranda of understanding, or other 
appropriate interagency agreements, with the Secretary of Energy and 
the Director of the National Science Foundation.
    (c) Coordination.--In carrying out the activities under subsection 
(a), the Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of the 
National Science Foundation may--
            (1) conduct collaborative research over a variety of focus 
        areas, such as--
                    (A) modeling and simulation, machine learning, 
                artificial intelligence, data assimilation, large-scale 
                data analytics, and predictive analysis in order to 
                optimize algorithms for purposes relating to 
                agriculture and rural energy, such as life cycle 
                analysis of agricultural or rural energy systems;
                    (B) fundamental agricultural, biological, 
                computational, and environmental science and 
                engineering, including advanced crop science, crop 
                protection, breeding, and biological pest control;
                    (C) integrated natural resources and the energy-
                water nexus in agricultural or rural communities;
                    (D) advanced biomass, biobased products, and 
                biofuels, including in collaboration with the 
                activities authorized under title IX of the Farm 
                Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 
                8101 et seq.);
                    (E) diverse feedstocks for economically and 
                environmentally sustainable fuels, including aviation 
                and naval fuels;
                    (F) colocation of agricultural resources and 
                activities and ecosystem services with diverse energy 
                technologies and resources, such as geothermal energy, 
                nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, natural gas, 
                hydropower, and energy storage;
                    (G) colocation of agricultural resources and 
                activities with carbon storage and utilization 
                technologies;
                    (H) invasive species management to further the work 
                done by the Federal Interagency Committee for the 
                Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds;
                    (I) long-term and high-risk technological barriers 
                in the development of transformative science and 
                technology solutions in the agriculture and energy 
                sectors, including in collaboration with the programs 
                authorized under section 1473H of the National 
                Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy 
                Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319k) and section 5012 of the 
                America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 16538);
                    (J) grid modernization and grid security and 
                resiliency for the purpose of improving and 
                strengthening electric service in rural areas;
                    (K) agricultural and rural technology development, 
                including manufacturing, precision agriculture 
                technologies, mechanization and automation 
                technologies, and technologies that strengthen the food 
                supply chain;
                    (L) wildfire risks and prevention, including the 
                power sector's role in fire prevention and mitigation 
                and wildfire impacts on energy infrastructure;
                    (M) technologies to address food and nutrition 
                security, including food loss and waste; and
                    (N) other relevant topics, as jointly agreed to by 
                the Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, and the 
                Director of the National Science Foundation;
            (2) develop methods to accommodate large voluntary 
        standardized and integrated data sets on agricultural, 
        environmental, supply chain, and economic information with 
        variable accuracy and scale;
            (3) promote collaboration, open community-based 
        development, and data and information sharing between Federal 
        agencies, National Laboratories, institutions of higher 
        education, nonprofit institutions, industry partners, and other 
        appropriate entities by providing reliable access to secure 
        data and information that are in compliance with Federal rules 
        and regulations;
            (4) support research infrastructure and workforce 
        development as the Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, and the 
        Director of the National Science Foundation determine 
        necessary; and
            (5) conduct collaborative research, development, and 
        demonstration of methods and technologies--
                    (A) to improve the efficiency of agriculture 
                operations and processing of agricultural products; and
                    (B) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated 
                with such operations and such processing.
    (d) Agreements.--In carrying out the activities under subsection 
(a), the Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of the 
National Science Foundation may--
            (1) carry out reimbursable agreements between the 
        Department of Agriculture, the Department of Energy, the 
        National Science Foundation, and other entities in order to 
        maximize the effectiveness of research and development; and
            (2) collaborate with other Federal agencies as appropriate.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of 
the National Science Foundation shall jointly submit to the Committee 
on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture and the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives a report detailing the following:
            (1) Interagency coordination between each Federal agency 
        involved in the research and development activities carried out 
        under this section.
            (2) Potential opportunities to expand the technical 
        capabilities of the Department of Agriculture, the Department 
        of Energy, and the National Science Foundation.
            (3) Collaborative research achievements.
            (4) Areas of future mutually beneficial successes.
            (5) Continuation of coordination activities between the 
        Department of Agriculture, the Department of Energy, and the 
        National Science Foundation.
    (f) Research Security.--The activities authorized under this 
section shall be carried out in a manner consistent with subtitle D of 
title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).

SEC. 7519. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE AND ECONOMIC 
              DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION PARTNERSHIP ON COOPERATIVE 
              EXTENSION ACTIVITIES.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with the 
Secretary of Commerce that provides for coordination and collaboration 
between the National Institute of Food and Agriculture and the Economic 
Development Administration to--
            (1) identify Economic Development Administration funding 
        opportunities for cooperative extension activities at State 
        cooperative institutions (as defined in section 1404 of the 
        National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy 
        Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103));
            (2) publish a list of the funding opportunities identified 
        under paragraph (1); and
            (3) provide targeted outreach to State cooperative 
        institutions (as so defined) to ensure that the State 
        cooperative institutions are aware of the funding opportunities 
        identified under paragraph (1).

                          TITLE VIII--FORESTRY

                 Subtitle A--Forest Data Modernization

SEC. 8101. FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS.

    (a) In General.--Section 3(e) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable 
Resources Research Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1642(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``their resources'' and inserting 
                ``the resources of those forests, including forest 
                carbon,'';
                    (B) by striking ``In compliance'' and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(A) In general.--In compliance''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Additional methods.--Under the program under 
                this subsection, the Secretary shall carry out, as a 
                data collection method--
                            ``(i) a national timber products output 
                        survey; and
                            ``(ii) a national woodland owner survey.'';
            (2) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting ``including with 
        respect to available forest carbon data,'' after ``2 
        decades,'';
            (3) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in the second sentence, by striking ``The 
                standards'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--The standards described in 
                subparagraph (A)'';
                    (B) by striking ``(4) National standards and 
                definitions.--To ensure'' and inserting the following:
            ``(4) National consistency.--
                    ``(A) Standards and definitions.--To ensure''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Terminology.--The Secretary shall include a 
                clear description of the definition of `forest' used 
                for purposes of reporting data from inventories and 
                analyses of forests and the resources of forests under 
                this subsection with--
                            ``(i) any data or report provided under the 
                        program under this subsection;
                            ``(ii) Renewable Resource Assessments 
                        prepared under section 3(a) of the Forest and 
                        Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 
                        1974 (16 U.S.C. 1601(a)); and
                            ``(iii) any data or report provided to an 
                        entity outside the United States.'';
            (4) in paragraph (6)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``Not later than 180 days after the date of 
                enactment of this subsection,'' and inserting ``In 
                accordance with paragraph (7),''; and
                    (B) by striking subparagraphs (D) and (E) and 
                inserting the following:
                    ``(D) the organization and procedures necessary to 
                understand and report on changes in land cover and use;
                    ``(E) the organization and procedures necessary to 
                evaluate carbon-related data variables, including soil 
                carbon, collected from forest inventory and analysis 
                plots, timber products output studies, and national 
                woodland owner surveys to ensure that carbon accounting 
                information needs can be met; and''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) Updates to strategic plan.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall prepare an 
                update to the strategic plan under paragraph (6) to 
                include--
                            ``(i) a plan to implement nationally 
                        consistent data collection protocols and 
                        procedures to improve the statistical precision 
                        of base program estimates;
                            ``(ii) pathways to integrate and report on 
                        status and trends in--
                                    ``(I) forest carbon pools, 
                                including below-ground carbon; and
                                    ``(II) rangeland, wetland, wet 
                                meadow, and aquatic carbon sinks;
                            ``(iii) plans, including the identification 
                        of challenges, to collaborate with other 
                        Federal agencies, non-Federal partners, and the 
                        private sector to integrate existing nationally 
                        available data sets and best available 
                        commercial technologies, such as remote 
                        sensing, spatial analysis techniques, and other 
                        new technologies;
                            ``(iv) a plan to increase transparency and 
                        clarity in reporting in accordance with 
                        paragraph (4)(C);
                            ``(v) a plan to expand current data 
                        collection, further integrate remote sensing 
                        technology, or both, to include procedures to 
                        improve the statistical precision of estimates 
                        at the sub-State level;
                            ``(vi) a plan to expand current data 
                        collection, further integrate remote sensing 
                        technology, or both, to include information on 
                        renewable biomass supplies and carbon stocks at 
                        the local, State, regional, and national 
                        levels, including by ownership type; and
                            ``(vii) such other matters as the Secretary 
                        determines to be appropriate based on 
                        recommendations of the Forest Inventory and 
                        Analysis National User Group.
                    ``(B) Submission.--Not later than 180 days after 
                the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary 
                shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee 
                on Agriculture of the House of Representatives the 
                update to the strategic plan prepared under 
                subparagraph (A).
                    ``(C) Further updates.--Not later than 5 years 
                after the date on which the update is submitted under 
                subparagraph (B), and every 5 years thereafter, the 
                Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) prepare an additional update to the 
                        strategic plan; and
                            ``(ii) submit the additional update to the 
                        committees described in subparagraph (B).
            ``(8) Accessibility.--The Secretary shall ensure that data 
        collected under this subsection is--
                    ``(A) presented in a manner that is easily 
                accessible to the general public and technical experts, 
                including through tools to deliver smaller area 
                estimates; and
                    ``(B) collected and made accessible using means 
                that ensure the confidentiality, in accordance with 
                section 1770 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 
                2276), of--
                            ``(i) plot locations;
                            ``(ii) nonaggregated data of woodland 
                        owners; and
                            ``(iii) nonaggregated data from the timber 
                        products output survey carried out under 
                        paragraph (1)(B)(i).
            ``(9) Confidentiality of information.--All data collected 
        through the national timber products output survey and the 
        national woodland owners survey under paragraph (1)(B) shall be 
        considered confidential in accordance with section 1770 of the 
        Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 2276).
            ``(10) Annual compilations.--Annually, the Secretary shall 
        prepare and make publicly available a compilation of national 
        forest inventory and analysis forest statistics, which shall be 
        similar to the tables contained in the Renewable Resource 
        Assessments prepared under section 3(a) of the Forest and 
        Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 
        1601(a)) and accompanied by relevant geospatial products.
            ``(11) Reports.--Each year, the Secretary shall publish as 
        part of the forest inventory and analysis business report a 
        detailed description of the progress of the Secretary in 
        implementing the programmatic elements of the strategic plan 
        described in paragraph (6), including--
                    ``(A) the costs and priorities of the strategic 
                plan; and
                    ``(B) how the program under this subsection 
                leverages new technology, improves and standardizes 
                collection protocols, and increases workforce 
                capacity.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--Section 2(c) of the Forest and Rangeland 
Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1641(c)) is amended 
by inserting ``of Agriculture (referred to in this Act as the 
`Secretary')'' after ``the Secretary''.
    (c) Remote Sensing Technologies.--Section 8632(1) of the 
Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (16 U.S.C. 1642 note; Public Law 
115-334) is amended by striking ``technologies'' and inserting 
``technologies, such as microwave, LiDAR, hyperspectral, and high-
resolution remote sensing data, and advanced computing technologies, 
such as machine learning, for improved modeling, including to provide 
tabular statistical estimates and geospatial products,''.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise available, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out the amendments made 
by this section for each fiscal year.

SEC. 8102. DATA ON FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECTS.

    Section 3 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research 
Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1642) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(f) Data on Forest Management Projects.--
            ``(1) Data collection and mapping.--The Secretary, in 
        coordination with the Secretary of the Interior, shall--
                    ``(A) create a publicly available database of--
                            ``(i) forest management activities 
                        conducted by the Secretary or the Secretary of 
                        the Interior, including fuel breaks and 
                        hazardous fuel reduction projects; and
                            ``(ii) features on Federal land that are 
                        relevant in the event of a wildland fire, 
                        including functional roads and bridges, intact 
                        wetlands, and wet meadow systems; and
                    ``(B) develop a publicly available map that 
                indicates the management activities and features 
                described in subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Updates.--
                    ``(A) Database.--The database created under 
                paragraph (1)(A) shall track the progress of the forest 
                management activities described in clause (i) of that 
                paragraph, including anticipated completion dates.
                    ``(B) Map.--The map developed under paragraph 
                (1)(B) shall be updated biannually to indicate the 
                status of the management activities and features 
                described in that paragraph.
            ``(3) Non-federal coordination.--The Secretary shall 
        coordinate with non-Federal entities, including affected State 
        fire protection agencies, to incorporate in the map developed 
        under paragraph (1)(B) management activities or features 
        referred to in that paragraph that were developed, are 
        maintained, or otherwise occur on non-Federal land.
            ``(4) Protected tribal information.--Information prohibited 
        from disclosure under section 8106 of the Food, Conservation, 
        and Energy Act of 2008 (25 U.S.C. 3056) that is included in the 
        database created under paragraph (1)(A) shall not be made 
        public.
            ``(5) Timeframe.--To the maximum extent practicable, the 
        Secretary shall establish the database and map under paragraph 
        (1) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this 
        subsection.
            ``(6) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to 
        amounts otherwise available, there are authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to 
        carry out this subsection for each fiscal year.''.

SEC. 8103. FOREST AND WOOD PRODUCTS CARBON PROVISION.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the 
Forest Service, in collaboration with the Chief of the Natural 
Resources Conservation Service, State foresters, and private sector 
partners, and in consultation with Indian Tribes, shall establish a 
publicly available platform to provide measurement, monitoring, 
verification, and reporting of data regarding the carbon emissions, 
sequestration, storage, and related atmospheric impacts of forest 
management and wood products.
    (b) Activities.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary 
shall source data, information, and analyses from Department of 
Agriculture programs, including--
            (1) the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, including 
        the Timber Products Output Survey;
            (2) Forest Service and Natural Resources Conservation 
        Service soil carbon estimations;
            (3) the Forest Products Laboratory;
            (4) the Federal Life Cycle Assessment Commons;
            (5) Department of Agriculture entity-level guidelines and 
        subsequent revisions; and
            (6) other relevant programmatic data, emerging science, and 
        information sources that are published and made available by 
        the Department of Agriculture.
    (c) Priorities.--The platform established by subsection (a) shall 
provide tools that calculate--
            (1) the above- and below-ground forest carbon stocks and 
        stock changes associated with species composition, forest 
        management regime, and landowner types, including small area 
        estimations for regional and localized geographies across the 
        United States, which shall be made available through the Forest 
        Inventory and Analysis program updates and annual reports;
            (2) the embodied carbon involved in the manufacturing of 
        products, using data from published environmental product 
        declarations and life cycle assessments, which shall be updated 
        as new and more refined data becomes available;
            (3) the long-term stored carbon in manufactured timber 
        products; and
            (4) the carbon displacement of wood products, compared to 
        other materials, using substitution factors.
    (d) Timeframe.--To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary 
shall establish the platform under subsection (a) not later than 2 
years after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (e) Data Collection.--The platform established by subsection (a) 
shall be distinct from the database established under subsection 
(f)(1)(A) of section 3 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources 
Research Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1642).
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.

                Subtitle B--Forest Health and Management

SEC. 8201. DEFINITION OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM.

    In this subtitle, the term ``National Forest System'' has the 
meaning given the term in section 11(a) of the Forest and Rangeland 
Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1609(a)).

                   PART I--FOREST SERVICE MANAGEMENT

SEC. 8211. HAZARDOUS FUEL REDUCTION ON FEDERAL LAND.

    Section 108 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
U.S.C. 6518) is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8212. INSECT INFESTATIONS AND RELATED DISEASES.

    Section 406 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
U.S.C. 6556) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8213. INSECT AND DISEASE TREATMENT AREAS.

    Section 602(d)(2) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 
(16 U.S.C. 6591a(d)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 8214. STUDY ON PROTECTION OF FORESTS FROM INVASIVE SPECIES.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary shall seek to enter into a contract 
(referred to in this section as the ``Contract'') with the National 
Academy of Sciences, or another nongovernmental entity that the 
Secretary determines to be most appropriate, under which the National 
Academy of Sciences or other entity, as applicable, not later than 1 
year after the date of enactment of this Act, shall conduct, and submit 
to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
report describing the results of, a study to analyze the available 
resources that Federal agencies have to research, and find solutions 
to, nonnative invasive plants, insects, and pathogens.
    (b) Recommendations.--The report submitted pursuant to subsection 
(a) shall include recommendations--
            (1) with respect to--
                    (A) establishing a national policy to effectively 
                counter the threat posed to tree species and forest 
                ecosystems by invasive species (as defined in section 1 
                of Executive Order 13112 (42 U.S.C. 4321 note; relating 
                to invasive species)), including plants, insects, and 
                pathogens, including preventing the introduction and 
                spread of those invasive species, minimizing the damage 
                caused by those invasive species, and restoring 
                affected tree species to forest ecosystems;
                    (B) improving coordination and cooperation among 
                Federal agencies with responsibility for management and 
                repair of the decimation of tree species affected by 
                invasive species and associated ecological destruction, 
                including through activities of the National Invasive 
                Species Council;
                    (C) addressing the low prioritization by the 
                Federal agencies described in subparagraph (B) of 
                invasive species affecting forests and trees;
                    (D)(i) identifying expertise and site and facility 
                resources within the Federal agencies described in 
                subparagraph (B); and
                    (ii) improving coordination among those agencies 
                with respect to the management and repair described in 
                subparagraph (B), including coordination with academic 
                institutions and other appropriate nonprofit 
                organizations;
                    (E) identifying opportunities for the National 
                Invasive Species Council to increase the provision of 
                advice and technical assistance relating to the control 
                or prevention of invasive species and the restoration 
                of native species, with an emphasis on services that 
                are available, or could be made available through 
                additional legislation, to the Department of 
                Agriculture, including the Animal and Plant Health 
                Inspection Service, the Agricultural Research Service, 
                the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the 
                Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the Forest 
                Service; and
                    (F)(i) giving priority to the emergency response of 
                the Department of Agriculture to an emergency relating 
                to invasive species;
                    (ii) clarifying the coordination of the Department 
                of Agriculture with other Federal agencies in 
                responding to those emergencies; and
                    (iii) identifying funding levels sufficient to 
                carry out responses to those emergencies; and
            (2) that--
                    (A) take into account existing Federal resources; 
                and
                    (B) may be implemented through further legislative 
                and administrative action.
    (c) Consultation.--The Contract shall require the National Academy 
of Sciences or other entity, as applicable, to consult with specialists 
in entomology, genetics, forest pathology, tree breeding, forest and 
urban ecology, and invasive species management.

SEC. 8215. FOREST SERVICE PARTICIPATION IN ACES PROGRAM.

    Section 8302(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 
3851a(b)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8216. TRIBAL CONSULTATION IN LAND USE PLANS.

    Section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 
(43 U.S.C. 1712) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by inserting before the period at 
        the end the following: ``, in consultation with the governing 
        body of any Indian tribe or Alaska Native Corporation that 
        has--
            ``(1) rights or interests on the National Forest System 
        land that may be impacted; or
            ``(2) access to participate in traditional or cultural 
        practices, or in the protection of scared sites or resources, 
        on the National Forest System land.''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(9)--
                    (A) in the second sentence, by inserting ``and 
                consultation with the governing bodies of Indian tribes 
                and Alaska Native Corporations,'' after ``appointed,''; 
                and
                    (B) in the fourth sentence, by striking ``State'' 
                and inserting ``State, tribal,''.

SEC. 8217. PRESCRIBED FIRE CENTERS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Center.--The term ``center'' means a center established 
        under subsection (b).
            (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary, 
        in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior.
    (b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish 1 or more centers 
to train individuals in prescribed fire methods and other methods 
relevant to the mitigation of wildfire risk.
    (c) Host Institutions.--The 1 or more centers shall be developed in 
collaboration with 1 or more institutions of higher education and 
located at--
            (1) 1 or more institutions of higher education; or
            (2) an existing Federal land management facility.
    (d) Goals.--The 1 or more centers shall advance the following 
goals:
            (1) Training individuals, including wildland firefighters, 
        foresters, scientists, and land managers, to safely and 
        effectively plan and conduct prescribed fires and vegetation 
        management activities.
            (2) Conducting research on the use of prescribed fire 
        methods in tandem with other forest restoration methods to 
        achieve greater forest health and resiliency outcomes, 
        including coordinating with research stations, institutions of 
        higher education, and Indian Tribes to include the latest 
        research on--
                    (A) social science, human dimensions, and 
                traditional ecological knowledge to best inform those 
                aspects of prescribed fire; and
                    (B) fuels, forest health, and resiliency.
            (3) Developing and advancing interdisciplinary science 
        relating to wildfire, including social science and human 
        dimensions of wildfire, in consultation with stakeholders who--
                    (A) will benefit from the outcomes of that science 
                or use it to benefit populations at risk from wildfire; 
                and
                    (B) will coordinate with 1 or more other centers in 
                developing and advancing that science.
            (4) Conducting ongoing and forward-looking needs 
        assessments among stakeholders, including Federal and State 
        agencies and Indian Tribes, to determine common need 
        requirements and emerging challenges to reduce wildfire risk 
        and adapt communities to increased risk from wildfire, 
        including the following hazard-related focus areas:
                    (A) Increasing disaster resilience.
                    (B) Mitigation and management methods.
                    (C) Air quality.
                    (D) Firestorm weather forecasting and burn-area 
                debris flow forecasting, including empirical and 
                modeling research.
            (5) Collaborating with Federal wildfire scientists at the 
        Forest Service, the Department of the Interior, and other 
        relevant agencies.
            (6) Identifying, through a detailed engagement process 
        targeting defined end-users, the requirements and delivery 
        mechanisms for products and services that are practical and 
        will have an impact on mitigating wildfire risk.
            (7) Promoting technology transfer with pathways for 
        dissemination, implementation, and application of research 
        results on the ground, using and enhancing previous research.
            (8) Ensuring the connectivity and interoperability of 
        distributed services to maximize synergies and benefits across 
        services.
            (9) Developing open digital infrastructure to make research 
        data, science, and models open for all sectors to use.
            (10) Understanding the effectiveness of historical and 
        current wildfire management and suppression strategies, 
        including on wildfires that start in wilderness areas, 
        wilderness study areas, or inventoried roadless areas.
    (e) Location.--
            (1) In general.--In selecting the locations for the 1 or 
        more centers, the Secretary shall prioritize locations--
                    (A) with no nearby Federal prescribed fire training 
                center;
                    (B) with high wildfire risk; and
                    (C) that would offer prescribed training in forest 
                types not accessible through other Federal prescribed 
                fire training centers.
            (2) Consultation.--The Secretary shall consult with the 
        Joint Fire Science Program to solicit and evaluate proposals 
        for the locations of the 1 or more centers.
            (3) Selection.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, based on the consultation under 
        paragraph (2), the Secretary shall select locations for the 1 
        or more centers.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out 
this section for each fiscal year.

SEC. 8218. COST-SHARE WAIVER FOR REHABILITATION FROM WILDLAND FIRES.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered matching requirement.--The term ``covered 
        matching requirement'' means a requirement under a program of 
        the Secretary for wildland fire recovery for a State, Indian 
        Tribe, locality, or individual to provide matching funds, in 
        cash, for a project.
            (2) Covered wildland fire.--The term ``covered wildland 
        fire'' means a wildland fire that the Secretary determines to 
        be a result of management activities conducted by the Secretary 
        on National Forest System land.
            (3) Wildland fire.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``wildland fire'' means 
                any non-structure fire that occurs in vegetation or 
                natural fuels.
                    (B) Inclusions.--The term ``wildland fire'' 
                includes wildfire, prescribed fire, and any direct or 
                indirect damage resulting in watershed impairment.
    (b) Waiver.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
Secretary may waive any covered matching requirement for a project in 
response to a covered wildland fire that is in an area affected by that 
covered wildland fire.

SEC. 8219. UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE RIGHTS-OF-WAY VEGETATION MANAGEMENT 
              PILOT PROGRAM.

    Section 8630(j) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (43 
U.S.C. 1772 note; Public Law 115-334) is amended by striking ``2023'' 
and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8220. PERMITS AND AGREEMENTS WITH ELECTRIC UTILITIES.

    (a) In General.--In any special use permit or easement on National 
Forest System land provided to an electric utility, the Secretary may 
provide permission to cut and remove trees or other vegetation, 
including hazardous vegetation that increases fire risk, from within 
150 feet of distribution lines or transmission lines without requiring 
a separate timber sale, if that cutting and removal is consistent 
with--
            (1) the applicable land management plan; and
            (2) other applicable environmental laws (including 
        regulations).
    (b) Use of Proceeds.--A special use permit or easement that 
includes permission for cutting and removal described in subsection (a) 
shall include a requirement that, if the applicable electric utility 
sells any portion of the material removed under the permit or easement, 
the electric utility shall provide to the Secretary, acting through the 
Chief of the Forest Service, any proceeds received from the sale, less 
any transportation costs incurred in the sale.
    (c) Effect.--Nothing in subsection (b) shall require the sale of 
any material removed under a permit or easement that includes 
permission for cutting and removal described in subsection (a).

            PART II--STATE, PRIVATE, AND TRIBAL PARTNERSHIPS

SEC. 8231. SUPPORT FOR STATE ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES FOR FOREST 
              RESOURCES.

    Section 2A(f)(1) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 
(16 U.S.C. 2101a(f)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 8232. STATE AND PRIVATE FOREST LANDSCAPE-SCALE RESTORATION 
              PROGRAM.

    Section 13A(l)(3) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 
1978 (16 U.S.C. 2109a(l)(3)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8233. PROMOTING CROSS-BOUNDARY WILDFIRE MITIGATION.

    Section 103(e)(5) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 
(16 U.S.C. 6513(e)(5)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 8234. WATER SOURCE PROTECTION PROGRAM.

    Section 303 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
U.S.C. 6542) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (G) and 
                        (H) as subparagraphs (K) and (L), respectively; 
                        and
                            (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (F) 
                        the following:
                    ``(G) an acequia association;
                    ``(H) a local, regional, or other public entity 
                that manages stormwater or wastewater resources or 
                other related water infrastructure;
                    ``(I) a land-grant mercedes;
                    ``(J) a local, regional, or other private entity 
                that has water delivery authority;'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (7) as 
                paragraphs (2) through (8), respectively; and
                    (C) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
            ``(1) Adjacent land.--The term `adjacent land' means non-
        Federal land, including State, local, and private land--
                    ``(A) that is adjacent to, and within the same 
                watershed as, National Forest System land on which a 
                watershed protection and restoration project is carried 
                out under this section; and
                    ``(B) the landowner of which consents to carrying 
                out a watershed protection and restoration project on 
                the land under this section.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by inserting ``and adjacent land'' before the 
                period at the end;
                    (B) by striking ``The Secretary shall'' and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Requirements.--A watershed protection and restoration 
        project under the Program shall be designed to--
                    ``(A) protect and restore watershed health, water 
                supply and quality, a municipal or agricultural water 
                supply system, and water-related infrastructure;
                    ``(B) protect and restore forest health from insect 
                infestation and disease or wildfire; or
                    ``(C) advance any combination of the purposes 
                described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
            ``(3) Priorities.--In selecting watershed protection and 
        restoration projects under the Program, the Secretary shall 
        give priority to projects that would--
                    ``(A) provide risk management benefits associated 
                with drought, wildfire, post-wildfire conditions, 
                extreme weather, or flooding, including minimizing 
                risks to watershed health, water supply and quality, 
                and water-related infrastructure, including municipal 
                and agricultural water supply systems;
                    ``(B) support aquatic restoration and conservation 
                efforts that complement existing or planned forest 
                restoration or wildfire risk reduction efforts;
                    ``(C) provide quantifiable benefits to water supply 
                or quality and include the use of nature-based 
                solutions, such as restoring wetland and riparian 
                ecosystems;
                    ``(D) improve--
                            ``(i) resilience to climate change; or
                            ``(ii) watershed and fire resilience;
                    ``(E) include--
                            ``(i) partners with demonstrated capacity 
                        and success in designing and implementing 
                        ecological restoration projects, wildfire risk 
                        reduction efforts, or post-wildfire restoration 
                        projects; or
                            ``(ii) in the case of communities that have 
                        historically lacked access to adequate 
                        resources, partners with a strong likelihood of 
                        success in designing and implementing a 
                        watershed protection and restoration project;
                    ``(F) include a contribution of funds or in-kind 
                support from non-Federal partners in an amount greater 
                than the amount required under subsection (g)(2); or
                    ``(G) include such other characteristics as the 
                Secretary determines to be appropriate.
            ``(4) Conditions for projects on adjacent land.--
                    ``(A) In general.--No project or activity may be 
                carried out under this section on adjacent land unless 
                the owner of the adjacent land provides express support 
                for, and is a willing and engaged partner in, carrying 
                out that project or activity.
                    ``(B) Effect.--Nothing in this section authorizes 
                any change in--
                            ``(i) the ownership of adjacent land on 
                        which a project or activity is carried out 
                        under this section; or
                            ``(ii) the management of adjacent land on 
                        which a project or activity is carried out 
                        under this section, except during the carrying 
                        out of that project or activity.'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by inserting ``and adjacent land'' 
                        after ``watersheds'';
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting ``; or'';
                            (iii) by striking ``with end water users'' 
                        and inserting the following: ``with--
                    ``(A) end water users''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) end waters users to protect and restore the 
                condition of National Forest watersheds and adjacent 
                land that provide water for the benefit of another end 
                water user.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``or'' 
                        after the semicolon;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                        subparagraph (E); and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (C) 
                        the following:
                    ``(D) in the case of an agreement with a State, a 
                county, or an Indian tribe for a project carried out on 
                National Forest System land, a good neighbor agreement 
                entered into under section 8206 of the Agricultural Act 
                of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a); or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Cooperation with non-federal partners.--The Secretary 
        shall cooperate with non-Federal partners in carrying out 
        assessments, planning, project design, and project 
        implementation under this section.'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``shall be 
                conducted'' and inserting the following: ``shall be--
                    ``(A) designed to protect and restore ecological 
                integrity (as defined in section 219.19 of title 36, 
                Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date 
                of enactment of this subparagraph));
                    ``(B) based on the best available scientific 
                information; and
                    ``(C) conducted''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Reducing redundancy.--An existing watershed plan, 
        such as a watershed protection and restoration action plan 
        developed under section 304(a)(3), or other applicable 
        watershed planning documents may be used as the basis for a 
        water source management plan under this subsection.'';
            (5) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``purpose of--'' in 
        the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and all that follows 
        through the period at the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting 
        ``purpose of advancing any of the purposes described in 
        subsection (b)(2).''; and
            (6) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``at least equal to'' and 
                        inserting ``not less than 20 percent of'';
                            (ii) by striking ``The Secretary'' and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                Secretary''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the 
                requirement under subparagraph (A) at the discretion of 
                the Secretary.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 
                        through 2023'' and inserting ``$30,000,000 for 
                        each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029'';
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as 
                        subparagraph (E); and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (B) 
                        the following:
                    ``(C) Mandatory funding.--There is appropriated, 
                out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise 
                appropriated, $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each 
                fiscal year thereafter to carry out this section, to 
                remain available until expended.
                    ``(D) Set-aside for partner participation in 
                planning and capacity.--Of the amounts made available 
                under subparagraphs (B) and (C) to carry out this 
                section for each fiscal year, the Secretary shall use 
                not less than 10 percent for non-Federal partner 
                technical assistance participation and capacity-
                building efforts in developing or implementing a water 
                source management plan under subsection (d).''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) In-kind contributions.--The Secretary may include the 
        value of forest restoration and watershed improvement work 
        implemented on adjacent land in the project area in determining 
        in-kind contributions from non-Federal partners under paragraph 
        (4)(A).''.

SEC. 8235. WATERSHED CONDITION FRAMEWORK.

    Section 304 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
U.S.C. 6543) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) that ensures that management activities and 
        authorizations do not result in long-term degradation of 
        watershed health or lower the classification under paragraph 
        (1) of any watershed in a National Forest.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--There is appropriated, out of 
        amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $10,000,000 
        for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter to carry 
        out this section, to remain available until expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this section $30,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.''.

SEC. 8236. TRIBAL FOREST PROTECTION MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS.

    Section 8703 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (25 U.S.C. 
3115b) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``management 
        demonstration project'' and inserting ``protection management 
        activities and projects'';
            (2) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c);
            (3) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``demonstration'';
                    (B) by striking ``federally recognized'';
                    (C) by striking ``programs of'' and inserting 
                ``activities and projects under''; and
                    (D) by striking the subsection designation and 
                heading and all that follows through ``The Secretary'' 
                and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Activities and Projects.--The Secretary'';
            (4) by inserting before subsection (b) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Indian tribe.--The term `Indian Tribe' means an 
        Indian tribe included on the list published by the Secretary of 
        the Interior under section 104 of the Federally Recognized 
        Indian Tribe List Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 5131).
            ``(2) Tribal organization.--The term `Tribal organization' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).'';
            (5) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated), in the matter 
        preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``subsection (a)'' and 
        inserting ``subsection (b)''; and
            (6) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Publication of Information.--The Secretary of the Interior 
and the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of this subsection, make available on the website of the 
        Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture in 
        an easily accessible format and location a list of the types of 
        activities and projects that Indian Tribes and Tribal 
        organizations may contract to perform under subsection (b); and
            ``(2) update the list made available under paragraph (1) as 
        necessary.''.

SEC. 8237. INCORPORATION OF TRIBAL MANAGEMENT PLANS.

    (a) In General.--Section 2(b) of the Tribal Forest Protection Act 
of 2004 (25 U.S.C. 3115a(b)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
            ``(4) Incorporation of tribal management plans.--In 
        developing and carrying out an agreement or contract under this 
        section on receipt of a request from an Indian tribe, the 
        Secretary shall incorporate into the agreement or contract, to 
        the maximum extent that the Secretary determines is consistent 
        with Federal law and the purposes of this Act--
                    ``(A) Tribal forest land, agriculture, and 
                rangeland management plans, including forest management 
                plans (as defined in section 304 of the National Indian 
                Forest Resources Management Act (25 U.S.C. 3103)); and
                    ``(B) integrated resource management plans (as 
                defined in section 4 of the American Indian 
                Agricultural Resource Management Act (25 U.S.C. 3703)), 
                excluding any Tribal codes that are expressly 
                incorporated into such a plan, in effect on the Indian 
                forest land or rangeland of the applicable Indian 
                tribe.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--Section 2(a)(3) of the Tribal Forest 
Protection Act of 2004 (25 U.S.C. 3115a(a)(3)) is amended by striking 
``(25 U.S.C. 450b).'' and inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5304).''.

SEC. 8238. HEALTHY FORESTS RESERVE PROGRAM.

    Section 508 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
U.S.C. 6578) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``, to remain available 
        until expended'' before the period at the end;
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''; and
            (3) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the following:
    ``(d) Mandatory Funding.--There is appropriated, out of amounts in 
the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $10,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025 and each fiscal year thereafter to carry out this section, to 
remain available until expended.''.

SEC. 8239. AUTHORIZATION FOR LEASE OF FOREST SERVICE SITES.

    Section 8623 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (16 U.S.C. 
580d note; Public Law 115-334) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c), by striking ``Secretary'' and 
        inserting ``Chief of the Forest Service'';
            (2) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)(B)(ii)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subclause (I), 
                        by inserting ``subject to the terms of a lease 
                        under this section,'' after ``in-kind,'';
                            (ii) in subclause (II), by striking ``and'' 
                        at the end;
                            (iii) in subclause (III), by striking 
                        ``or'' at the end and inserting ``and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(IV) services occurring outside 
                                of the administrative site that--
                                            ``(aa) occur--

                                                    ``(AA) at another 
                                                administrative site; or

                                                    ``(BB) on the unit 
                                                and within the region 
                                                of the National Forest 
                                                System in which the 
                                                administrative site is 
                                                located; and

                                            ``(bb) support Forest 
                                        Service activities occurring 
                                        within the unit of the National 
                                        Forest System in which the 
                                        administrative site is located; 
                                        or''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Lease term.--The term of a lease of an administrative 
        site under this section shall be up to 100 years.'';
            (3) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) by inserting ``(or other party)'' after 
                ``leaseholder''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``or constructed'' after 
                ``improved''; and
            (4) in subsection (i), by striking ``2023'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8240. MODIFICATION OF GOOD NEIGHBOR AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--Section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 
U.S.C. 2113a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (4)(A)(iii), by inserting ``, 
                including activities by the Governor, Indian tribe, or 
                county to build capacity to administer programs under 
                good neighbor agreements,'' after ``any other 
                activities''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (6), by striking ``or Indian 
                tribe''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting ``, Indian 
                tribe,'' after ``Governor'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C)--
                                    (I) by striking clause (i) and 
                                inserting the following:
                            ``(i) In general.--Funds received from the 
                        sale of timber by a Governor, an Indian tribe, 
                        or a county under a good neighbor agreement 
                        shall be retained and used by the Governor, 
                        Indian tribe, or county, as applicable--
                                    ``(I) to carry out authorized 
                                restoration services under the good 
                                neighbor agreement; and
                                    ``(II) if there are funds remaining 
                                after carrying out subclause (I), to 
                                carry out authorized restoration 
                                services under other good neighbor 
                                agreements.''; and
                                    (II) in clause (ii), by striking 
                                ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Limitations.--
                            ``(i) Non-federal land.--Any authorized 
                        restoration services under a good neighbor 
                        agreement that are carried out on non-Federal 
                        land using funds received under subparagraph 
                        (C) shall be--
                                    ``(I) for the benefit of Federal 
                                land; and
                                    ``(II) similar and complementary to 
                                services being performed on adjacent 
                                Federal land under the good neighbor 
                                agreement, which may include activities 
                                to build capacity to administer 
                                programs under good neighbor 
                                agreements.
                            ``(ii) Majority federal land.--At any time, 
                        not less than 51 percent of the land on which 
                        authorized restoration services are carried out 
                        under a good neighbor agreement shall be 
                        Federal land.''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``, Indian 
                tribe,'' after ``Governor''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 8206(a) of the Agricultural Act 
of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by inserting ``, Indian tribe,'' 
        after ``Governor''; and
            (2) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``, Indian tribe,'' 
        after ``Governor''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section apply to 
any project initiated pursuant to a good neighbor agreement (as defined 
in section 8206(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 
2113a(a))) after the date of enactment of the Agriculture Improvement 
Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 4490).

SEC. 8241. GAO REPORTS ON GOOD NEIGHBOR AUTHORITY.

    Section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) GAO Reports.--
            ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Comptroller general.--The term `Comptroller 
                General' means the Comptroller General of the United 
                States.
                    ``(B) Project type.--The term `project type' means 
                the type of activities described in clause (i), (ii), 
                or (iii) of subsection (a)(4)(A).
            ``(2) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, and once every 3 years 
        thereafter, the Comptroller General shall conduct a study--
                    ``(A) describing each project conducted under a 
                good neighbor agreement since the date of enactment of 
                this Act (Public Law 113-79; 128 Stat. 649) or the date 
                of the last study conducted under this paragraph, if 
                applicable, categorized by the project type;
                    ``(B) identifying--
                            ``(i) the number of projects described in 
                        subparagraph (A) that have occurred exclusively 
                        on Federal land; and
                            ``(ii) the number of those projects that 
                        have occurred on both Federal land and State, 
                        local, Tribal, or private land;
                    ``(C) determining whether authorized restoration 
                services were carried out under each project described 
                in subparagraph (A), as required by subsection 
                (b)(1)(A);
                    ``(D) comparing the acreage of timber harvested 
                under each project conducted under a good neighbor 
                agreement with the total acreage treated under that 
                project;
                    ``(E) assessing how non-Federal partners use funds 
                retained from the sale of timber under subsection 
                (b)(2)(C), including--
                            ``(i) a description of the projects 
                        conducted using those funds, categorized by the 
                        project type; and
                            ``(ii) which projects described in clause 
                        (i), if any, have occurred on non-Federal land, 
                        including State, local, Tribal, and private 
                        land;
                    ``(F) comparing the workforce conditions, pay, and 
                diversity metrics for workers hired under Federal 
                procurement authority, including those hired under the 
                H-2B nonimmigrant program, to the workforce conditions, 
                pay, and diversity metrics for workers hired under good 
                neighbor agreements; and
                    ``(G) assessing how good neighbor agreements 
                contribute to ecosystem health and community safety.
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the completion 
        of each study conducted under paragraph (2), the Comptroller 
        General shall prepare and submit to the Committee on 
        Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
        on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report 
        that contains the findings of that study.''.

SEC. 8242. COLLABORATIVE FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION PROGRAM.

    Section 4003 of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (16 
U.S.C. 7303) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(3)(D), by striking ``species;'' and 
        inserting ``species or pathogens;'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(3)(A)--
                    (A) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (B) in clause (ii), by adding ``and'' at the end; 
                and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) include a Federal Government 
                        staffing plan for providing staff to support 
                        collaborative engagement and implementation of 
                        the strategy;'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting a semicolon; 
                        and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) proposals that seek to reduce the risk of 
                uncharacteristic wildfire or increase ecological 
                restoration activities--
                            ``(i) within areas across land ownerships, 
                        including State, Tribal, and private land; and
                            ``(ii) within the wildland-urban interface 
                        (as defined in section 101 of the Healthy 
                        Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 
                        6511)); and
                    ``(H) proposals that seek to enhance watershed 
                health and drinking water sources.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``10'' 
                        and inserting ``20''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``2'' 
                        and inserting ``4'';
            (4) in subsection (e)(3), by inserting ``conflict 
        resolution or collaborative governance,'' before ``and woody''; 
        and
            (5) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (4)(B)(ii), by striking 
                ``$4,000,000'' and inserting ``$8,000,000''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (6), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8243. JOINT CHIEFS LANDSCAPE RESTORATION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Title VI of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 
2003 (16 U.S.C. 6591 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 607. JOINT CHIEFS LANDSCAPE RESTORATION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Chiefs.--The term `Chiefs' means the Chief of the 
        Forest Service and the Chief of the Natural Resources 
        Conservation Service.
            ``(2) Eligible activity.--The term `eligible activity' 
        means an activity--
                    ``(A) to reduce the risk of wildfire;
                    ``(B) to protect water quality and supply;
                    ``(C) to improve wildlife habitat for at-risk 
                species;
                    ``(D) to recover from wildfire; or
                    ``(E) to enhance soil, water, and related natural 
                resources.
            ``(3) Program.--The term `Program' means the Joint Chiefs 
        Landscape Restoration Partnership program established under 
        subsection (b)(1).
            ``(4) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Agriculture.
            ``(5) Wildland-urban interface.--The term `wildland-urban 
        interface' has the meaning given the term in section 101.
    ``(b) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a Joint 
        Chiefs Landscape Restoration Partnership program to improve the 
        health and resilience of forest landscapes across National 
        Forest System land and State, Tribal, and private land.
            ``(2) Administration.--The Secretary shall administer the 
        Program by coordinating eligible activities conducted on 
        National Forest System land and State, Tribal, or private land 
        across a forest landscape to improve the health and resilience 
        of the forest landscape by--
                    ``(A) assisting producers and landowners in 
                implementing eligible activities on eligible private or 
                Tribal land using the applicable programs and 
                authorities administered by the Chief of the Natural 
                Resources Conservation Service under title XII of the 
                Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.), not 
                including the conservation reserve program established 
                under subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D of that 
                title (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.); and
                    ``(B) conducting eligible activities on National 
                Forest System land or assisting landowners in 
                implementing eligible activities on State, Tribal, or 
                private land using the applicable programs and 
                authorities administered by the Chief of the Forest 
                Service.
            ``(3) Agency coordination.--In carrying out the Program, 
        the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service shall--
                    ``(A) consider corresponding management plans from 
                the Chief of the Forest Service; and
                    ``(B) collaborate with the Chief of the Forest 
                Service on forestry science and practice, using the 
                best available science.
    ``(c) Selection of Eligible Activities.--The appropriate Regional 
Forester and State Conservationist shall jointly submit to the Chiefs 
on an annual basis proposals for eligible activities under the Program.
    ``(d) Evaluation Criteria.--In evaluating and selecting proposals 
submitted under subsection (c), the Chiefs shall consider--
            ``(1) criteria including whether the proposal--
                    ``(A) reduces wildfire risk and post-wildfire 
                impacts in a municipal watershed or the wildland-urban 
                interface;
                    ``(B) was developed through a collaborative process 
                with participation from diverse stakeholders;
                    ``(C) increases forest workforce capacity or forest 
                business infrastructure and development;
                    ``(D) leverages existing authorities and non-
                Federal funding;
                    ``(E) provides measurable outcomes; or
                    ``(F) supports established State and regional 
                priorities identified in the corresponding State forest 
                action plan or a similar priority plan (such as a State 
                wildlife or water plan); and
            ``(2) such other criteria relating to the merits of the 
        proposals as the Chiefs determine to be appropriate.
    ``(e) Outreach.--The Secretary shall provide--
            ``(1) public notice on the websites of the Forest Service 
        and the Natural Resources Conservation Service describing--
                    ``(A) the solicitation of proposals under 
                subsection (c); and
                    ``(B) the criteria for selecting proposals in 
                accordance with subsection (d); and
            ``(2) information relating to the Program and activities 
        funded under the Program to States, Indian tribes, units of 
        local government, and private landowners.
    ``(f) Exclusions.--An eligible activity may not be carried out 
under the Program--
            ``(1) in a wilderness area or designated wilderness study 
        area;
            ``(2) in an inventoried roadless area;
            ``(3) on any Federal land on which, by Act of Congress or 
        Presidential proclamation, the removal of vegetation is 
        restricted or prohibited; or
            ``(4) in an area in which the eligible activity would be 
        inconsistent with the applicable land and resource management 
        plan.
    ``(g) Reports.--For each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, the 
Chiefs shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
Forestry and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the 
Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives a report describing projects for which funding 
is provided under the Program, including the status and outcomes of 
those projects.
    ``(h) Funding.--
            ``(1) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the Program 
        $90,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.
            ``(2) Additional funds.--In addition to the funds described 
        in paragraph (1), the Secretary may obligate available funds 
        from accounts used to carry out the existing Joint Chiefs' 
        Landscape Restoration Partnership prior to November 15, 2021, 
        to carry out the Program.
            ``(3) Distribution of funds.--Of the funds made available 
        under paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) not less than 40 percent shall be allocated 
                to carry out eligible activities through the Natural 
                Resources Conservation Service;
                    ``(B) not less than 40 percent shall be allocated 
                to carry out eligible activities through the Forest 
                Service; and
                    ``(C) the remaining funds shall be allocated by the 
                Chiefs to the Natural Resources Conservation Service or 
                the Forest Service--
                            ``(i) to carry out eligible activities; or
                            ``(ii) for other purposes, such as 
                        technical assistance, project development, or 
                        local capacity building.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 40808 of the Infrastructure 
Investment and Jobs Act (16 U.S.C. 6592d) is repealed.

SEC. 8244. EMERGENCY FOREST WATERSHED PROGRAM.

    (a) Funding and Administration.--Section 404(b) of the Agricultural 
Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2204(b)) is amended by inserting ``to 
carry out section 401'' after ``for a fiscal year''.
    (b) Emergency Forest Watershed Program.--Title IV of the 
Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 408. EMERGENCY FOREST WATERSHED PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Emergency watershed protection measures.--The term 
        `emergency watershed protection measures' means measures that--
                    ``(A) are necessary to address runoff, soil 
                erosion, and flooding caused by a natural disaster or 
                any other natural occurrence that has caused a sudden 
                impairment to natural resources on National Forest 
                System land, and the damage, if not treated--
                            ``(i) would significantly impair or 
                        endanger the natural resources on the National 
                        Forest System land; and
                            ``(ii) would pose an immediate risk to 
                        water resources or loss of life or property 
                        downstream of the National Forest System land; 
                        and
                    ``(B) would maintain or restore forest health and 
                forest-related resources on the National Forest System 
                land.
            ``(2) Natural disaster.--The term `natural disaster' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 407(a).
            ``(3) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary, 
        acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.
            ``(4) Sponsor.--The term `sponsor' means--
                    ``(A) a State or local government;
                    ``(B) an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of 
                the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
                Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)); and
                    ``(C) a water district, water conservation 
                district, water utility, or special district.
    ``(b) Authorization.--The Secretary, acting through a sponsor, is 
authorized to undertake emergency watershed protection measures on 
National Forest System land.
    ``(c) Agreements; Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may enter into an 
        agreement with a sponsor, notwithstanding chapter 63 of title 
        31, United States Code, and make payments to the sponsor, on 
        request of the sponsor, to carry out emergency watershed 
        protection measures.
            ``(2) Requirements.--
                    ``(A) Project timelines.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Following a natural 
                        disaster or natural occurrence that 
                        necessitates the carrying out of emergency 
                        watershed protection measures, the Secretary 
                        shall execute agreements under paragraph (1) as 
                        expeditiously as possible.
                            ``(ii) Timeline.--An agreement under 
                        paragraph (1) shall contain a timeline for the 
                        sponsor to complete all emergency watershed 
                        protection measures not later than 2 years 
                        after the conclusion of the applicable natural 
                        disaster or natural occurrence, as determined 
                        by the Secretary, that necessitated the 
                        carrying out of those measures.
                            ``(iii) Continued monitoring.--A sponsor 
                        that has entered into an agreement under 
                        paragraph (1) may monitor, maintain, repair, or 
                        replace emergency watershed protection measures 
                        for a period of not more than 3 years following 
                        the conclusion of the natural disaster or 
                        natural occurrence, as determined by the 
                        Secretary, that necessitated the carrying out 
                        of those measures when failure to do so would 
                        result in unacceptable risk to National Forest 
                        System land or downstream water users.
                    ``(B) Payments.--The Secretary, in accordance with 
                an agreement entered into under paragraph (1)--
                            ``(i) may make partial payments prior to 
                        completion of the applicable project; and
                            ``(ii) shall make final payment for the 
                        project not later than 30 days after the date 
                        on which the project is completed.
    ``(d) Waived Matching Requirements.--The Secretary shall waive any 
matching requirements for payments made under subsection (c)(1).
    ``(e) Liability.--
            ``(1) In general.--A sponsor that carries out emergency 
        watershed protection measures pursuant to an agreement under 
        subsection (c)(1) shall not be required to indemnify the United 
        States for any liability resulting from carrying out emergency 
        watershed protection measures pursuant to that agreement.
            ``(2) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subsection 
        precludes liability for damages or costs relating to the 
        carrying out of emergency watershed protection measures by a 
        sponsor pursuant to an agreement entered into under subsection 
        (c)(1) if the sponsor acted with willful or wanton negligence 
        or reckless conduct in carrying out those measures.
    ``(f) Assumption of Risk.--A sponsor that carries out emergency 
watershed protection measures prior to entering into an agreement under 
subsection (c)(1) shall assume the risk of incurring any cost or 
liability resulting from carrying out those measures.
    ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out 
this section.''.

SEC. 8245. EMERGENCY FOREST RESTORATION PROGRAM.

    Section 407 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2206) 
(as amended by section 2403(d)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following:
    ``(g) Publication of Information.--The Secretary shall--
            ``(1) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, make 
        available in an easily accessible format and location on the 
        website of the Department of Agriculture a list of emergency 
        measures for which nonindustrial private forest land owners may 
        receive a payment under subsection (b); and
            ``(2) update the list described in paragraph (1) as 
        necessary.''.

SEC. 8246. NURSERY AND SEED ORCHARD SUPPORT.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Eligible recipient.--The term ``eligible recipient'' 
        means--
                    (A) a State forestry agency;
                    (B) an Indian Tribe; and
                    (C) a private nursery that has experience, as 
                determined by the Secretary, growing high-quality 
                native trees of appropriate genetic sources in bareroot 
                or container stocktypes specific for reforestation, 
                restoration, or conservation, including native plants 
                and seeds that are of cultural significance to Indian 
                Tribes.
            (2) Nursery.--The term ``nursery'' means a tree or native 
        plant nursery.
            (3) Seed orchard.--The term ``seed orchard'' means a tree 
        or native plant seed orchard.
            (4) State.--The term ``State'' means--
                    (A) each of the several States;
                    (B) the District of Columbia;
                    (C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and
                    (D) any territory or possession of the United 
                States.
    (b) Partnerships, Collaboration, and Other Assistance in Support of 
Nurseries.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest 
Service, shall--
            (1) partner with Federal and State agencies, Indian Tribes, 
        institutions of higher education, and private nurseries to 
        provide training, technical assistance, and research to nursery 
        and tree establishment programs that support natural 
        regeneration, reforestation, agroforestry, and afforestation;
            (2) promote information-sharing to improve technical 
        knowledge and practices and understand demands, climate change 
        impacts, and other issues as necessary to address all facets of 
        the reforestation supply chain;
            (3) provide technical and financial assistance to 
        international nursery and tree establishment programs through 
        the Forest Service International Programs, the Institute of 
        Pacific Islands Forestry, and the International Institute of 
        Tropical Forestry;
            (4) collaborate with other relevant Federal departments and 
        agencies, including the Foreign Agricultural Service, the 
        United States Agency for International Development, and the 
        United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and international 
        organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization 
        of the United Nations, to provide technical and financial 
        assistance relating to nurseries and reforestation;
            (5) coordinate the efforts of the Department of Agriculture 
        to--
                    (A) address the challenges associated with the 
                reforestation supply chain; and
                    (B) leverage economic development assistance for 
                work with private nurseries; and
            (6) expand climate-informed reforestation supply chains 
        through science and research, seed collection and storage, and 
        nursery infrastructure and operations.
    (c) Nursery and Seed Orchard Grants.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a program 
        to provide grants to eligible recipients to support nurseries 
        and seed orchards.
            (2) Eligible projects.--An eligible recipient that receives 
        a grant under paragraph (1) shall carry out a project that 
        comprises one or more of the following activities:
                    (A) The development, expansion, enhancement, or 
                improvement of nursery production capacity or other 
                infrastructure--
                            (i) to improve seed collection and storage;
                            (ii) to increase seedling production, 
                        storage, and distribution; or
                            (iii) to enhance seedling survival and 
                        properly manage tree genetic resources.
                    (B) The establishment or expansion of a nursery or 
                seed orchard, including by acquiring equipment for a 
                nursery or seed orchard.
                    (C) The development or implementation of quality 
                control measures at nurseries or seed orchards.
                    (D) The promotion of workforce development within 
                any facet of the reforestation supply chain.
                    (E) Such other activities as the Secretary 
                determines to be appropriate.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $25,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029.

SEC. 8247. CONTRACTS, GRANTS, AND AGREEMENTS TO CARRY OUT CERTAIN 
              ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION ACTIVITIES.

    Section 40804 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (16 
U.S.C. 6592a) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Contracts, Grants, and Agreements.--To carry out the 
ecosystem restoration activities described in subsection (b), the 
Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest 
Service, may enter into contracts, grants, or agreements, as 
appropriate, with State agencies, Indian Tribes, institutions of higher 
education (as defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a))), and multistate coalitions--
            ``(1) for the collection and maintenance of native plant 
        materials, including material from managed seed orchards; and
            ``(2) for the production of native plant materials for 
        revegetation.''.

                      PART III--TIMBER INNOVATION

SEC. 8261. WOOD INNOVATIONS GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 8643 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 
7655d) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``innovation'' and 
        inserting ``innovations'';
            (2) in subsection (d), by striking ``equal to the amount'' 
        and inserting ``in an amount that is not less than 50 percent 
        of the amount of Federal funds''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Mandatory Funding.--There is appropriated, out of amounts in 
the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $80,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025 to carry out this section, to remain available until expended.''.

SEC. 8262. COMMUNITY WOOD FACILITIES GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 9013 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8113) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``energy and wood 
        innovation'' and inserting ``facilities grant'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(4), by striking ``Energy and Wood 
        Innovation'' and inserting ``Facilities Grant'';
            (3) in subsection (b), by striking ``Energy and Wood 
        Innovation'' and inserting ``Facilities Grant'';
            (4) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``35'' and 
                inserting ``50'';
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2); and
                    (C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph 
                (2);
            (5) in subsection (d), by striking ``exceed--'' in the 
        matter preceding paragraph (1) and all that follows through the 
        period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting ``exceed 
        $3,000,000.'';
            (6) in subsection (g)(2), by striking ``25 percent'' and 
        inserting ``50 percent''; and
            (7) by striking subsection (h) and inserting the following:
    ``(h) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--There is appropriated, out of 
        amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $50,000,000 
        for fiscal year 2025 to carry out this section, to remain 
        available until expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.''.

SEC. 8263. REPORT ON USE OF MASS TIMBER IN CONSTRUCTION OF FEDERAL 
              FACILITIES.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
Forestry of the Senate a report--
            (1) describing the projects in which the Department of 
        Agriculture has used mass timber in the construction of 
        Department of Agriculture facilities;
            (2) describing the factors considered when determining 
        whether to use mass timber in the construction of a Department 
        of Agriculture facility; and
            (3) identifying opportunities for the use of mass timber in 
        the construction of new Department of Agriculture facilities 
        and other Federal structures.

                    Subtitle C--Forest Conservation

SEC. 8301. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL AGROFORESTRY CENTERS.

    Section 1243 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 1642 note; Public Law 101-624) is amended--
            (1) by striking the section heading and inserting 
        ``national and regional agroforestry centers'';
            (2) by redesignating subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) as 
        subsections (b), (d), (e), and (g), respectively;
            (3) by inserting before subsection (b) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
    ``(a) Definition of Agroforestry.--In this section, the term 
`agroforestry' means a management system that intentionally integrates 
trees and shrubs into crop and animal farming systems to build more 
profitable and weather-resilient farms, ranches, and communities, 
address natural resource concerns and conservation needs, and establish 
productive and sustainable land use practices, including--
            ``(1) riparian forest buffers;
            ``(2) alley cropping;
            ``(3) silvopasture;
            ``(4) forest farming and multistory cropping; and
            ``(5) windbreaks, shelterbelts, hedgerows, and living snow 
        fences.'';
            (4) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Semiarid'' and inserting ``National'';
                    (B) by inserting ``(referred to in this section as 
                the `Secretary')'' after ``Secretary of Agriculture'';
                    (C) by striking ``Semiarid Agroforestry Research, 
                Development, and Demonstration Center (hereafter 
                referred to in this section as the `Center')'' and 
                inserting ``National Agroforestry Research, 
                Development, and Demonstration Center''; and
                    (D) by striking ``subsection (b)'' and inserting 
                ``subsection (d)'';
            (5) by inserting after subsection (b) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
    ``(c) Regional Agroforestry Centers.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--The Secretary, acting through the 
        Chief of the Forest Service and in cooperation with the Natural 
        Resources Conservation Service, shall, subject to the 
        availability of appropriations, establish 1 or more regional 
        agroforestry centers to advance agroforestry research, 
        outreach, technical assistance, and adoption.
            ``(2) Regional directors.--The Secretary, acting through 
        the Chief of the Forest Service and in cooperation with the 
        Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall appoint a 
        regional director to manage and coordinate each regional 
        agroforestry center established under paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Location.--In selecting the locations for the 1 or 
        more regional agroforestry centers under paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall prioritize locations at which the Department 
        has, on the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
        Security Act of 2024, at least 1 employee providing 
        coordination among a diverse group of research institutions and 
        other partners.'';
            (6) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``Center'' and inserting 
                        ``centers established under subsections (b) and 
                        (c) (referred to in this section as the 
                        `Centers')'';
                            (ii) by inserting ``and organizations'' 
                        after ``nonprofit foundations''; and
                            (iii) by inserting ``demonstration 
                        projects,'' after ``studies,'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``on semiarid lands that'' 
                        and inserting ``that build soil health and''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by inserting ``, including 
                        agroforestry systems on semiarid land and other 
                        fragile agroecosystems where permanent woody 
                        perennial plant communities can enhance carbon 
                        sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas 
                        emissions'' before the semicolon;
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``forestry 
                products for commercial sale from semiarid land'' and 
                inserting ``agroforestry products for commercial 
                sale'';
                    (D) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) by striking ``in semiarid regions''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``the Great Plains 
                        region'' and inserting ``particular regions'';
                    (E) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``technical 
                assistance, demonstration projects, and'' before 
                ``technology'';
                    (F) by redesignating paragraphs (7) through (11) as 
                paragraphs (8) through (12), respectively;
                    (G) by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(6) develop improved silvopasture, alley cropping, forest 
        farming, multistory cropping, riparian buffer, windbreak and 
        shelterbelt, and other perennial production and conservation 
        systems and technologies to improve soil health, carbon 
        sequestration, drought preparedness, soil and water 
        conservation, environmental quality, and biological diversity;
            ``(7) address barriers to the adoption of agroforestry 
        practices, including--
                    ``(A) insufficient access to plant material;
                    ``(B) insufficient infrastructure to contain 
                equipment and plant material;
                    ``(C) insufficient machinery to implement 
                agroforestry practices;
                    ``(D) insufficient technical service assistance; 
                and
                    ``(E) insufficient research related to agroforestry 
                systems, including silvopasture and alley cropping;'';
                    (H) in paragraph (8) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``on semiarid lands'';
                    (I) in paragraph (9) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``on semiarid lands worldwide'' and inserting 
                ``worldwide, including on semiarid land''; and
                    (J) in paragraph (10) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) by striking ``on semiarid lands''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``and climate change'' 
                        after ``pollution'';
            (7) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and 
                Data'' after ``Information'';
                    (B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``Secretary shall establish 
                        at the Center'' and inserting ``Secretary, in 
                        collaboration with the Economic Research 
                        Service and the National Agricultural 
                        Statistics Service, shall establish at the 
                        Centers''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Promotion'' and 
                        inserting ``Promotion,'';
                    (C) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by inserting ``and data'' after 
                        ``information''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (D) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by inserting ``and data'' after 
                        ``information'';
                            (ii) by striking ``forestry'' and inserting 
                        ``forestry, agroforestry,''; and
                            (iii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting ``; and''; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) facilitate agroforestry adoption by disseminating 
        comprehensive information and data on Federal, State, local, 
        and Tribal programs that provide support for agroforestry.'';
            (8) by inserting after subsection (e) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
    ``(f) Grants.--The Secretary shall establish at the Centers 
regional grant programs to support agroforestry projects, including 
demonstration farms.''; and
            (9) in subsection (g) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking ``There are'' and inserting ``In 
                addition to amounts otherwise available, there is''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking ``$5,000,000 for each of fiscal 
                years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``$10,000,000 
                for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 8302. AMERICAN FOREST FARMING ASSOCIATION.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Association.--The term ``Association'' means the 
        American Forest Farming Association described in subsection 
        (b).
            (2) Partner institutions.--The term ``partner 
        institutions'' means the 1 or more institutions of higher 
        education with which the Secretary collaborates to establish 
        the Association under subsection (b).
            (3) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary, 
        acting through the National Agroforestry Center.
    (b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall collaborate with 1 or more 
institutions of higher education with a history of engagement in 
agroforestry to establish an American Forest Farming Association.
    (c) Composition and Type.--The Association shall--
            (1) be composed of a network of forest farmers, 
        institutions of higher education, governmental and 
        nongovernmental organizations, and private industry; and
            (2) not be an agency or instrumentality of the United 
        States.
    (d) Purposes and Activities.--
            (1) Purposes.--The purposes of the Association shall be--
                    (A) to support the advancement of agroforestry 
                production opportunities and capabilities among forest 
                farmers; and
                    (B) to increase awareness, capacity, and long-term 
                viability for the forest farming industry through 
                education, networking, and conservation practices.
            (2) Activities.--The Association may carry out activities 
        including--
                    (A) convening regional and local agroforestry 
                stakeholders to spread awareness of agroforestry-
                related activities nationwide;
                    (B) crafting policy notes to share best practices 
                in cultivating various nontimber forest products across 
                different regions;
                    (C) development of business planning and marketing 
                programs;
                    (D) drafting science and technical agendas and 
                working group training initiatives;
                    (E) leveraging production methods to improve price 
                points in an emerging value-added market; and
                    (F) such other activities as the Secretary and the 
                partner institutions determine to be appropriate.
    (e) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary and 
the partner institutions shall consult with--
            (1) staff of institutions of higher education with 
        experience in the agroforestry sector; and
            (2) individuals from nongovernmental organizations and 
        private industry that work with agroforestry products.
    (f) Use of Funds.--The Secretary shall use funds made available 
under subsection (g) to support the establishment and operation of the 
Association in accordance with this section, including for salaries and 
expenses of--
            (1) an executive director of the Association;
            (2) other staff of the Association;
            (3) operations;
            (4) technical assistance; and
            (5) other expenses necessary to support the Association.
    (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $200,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029.

SEC. 8303. RURAL FOREST MARKET INVESTMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means an 
        eligible entity for which a bond, loan, or other investment 
        vehicle is guaranteed under the program.
            (2) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means a 
        private entity, State forestry agency, or publicly supported, 
        charitable nonprofit organization described in section 
        501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from 
        taxation under section 501(a) of that Code engaged in or 
        seeking to engage in the aggregation of sustainable forestry 
        practices implemented by rural private forest landowners to 
        facilitate the sale of environmental credits in voluntary 
        environmental credit markets.
            (3) Program.--The term ``program'' means the Rural Forest 
        Market Investment Program established under subsection (b)(1).
            (4) Rural.--The term ``rural'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 343(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)).
            (5) Voluntary environmental credit market.--The term 
        ``voluntary environmental credit market'' means a voluntary 
        market through which environmental credits may be bought or 
        sold.
    (b) Establishment of Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program, 
        to be known as the ``Rural Forest Market Investment Program'', 
        to guarantee environmental impact bonds, loans, or other 
        investment vehicles, as determined by the Secretary, issued for 
        the sole purpose of financing eligible projects described in 
        subsection (c), to enable rural private forest landowners and 
        covered entities to participate in voluntary environmental 
        credit markets.
            (2) Administration.--
                    (A) Loan guarantees.--The Secretary shall make 
                available and administer guarantees on environmental 
                impact bonds, loans, or other investment vehicles, as 
                determined by the Secretary, through the facilities and 
                authorities of the Under Secretary for Rural 
                Development.
                    (B) Forestry related matters.--
                            (i) In general.--The Secretary shall carry 
                        out through the facilities and authorities of 
                        the Under Secretary for Natural Resources and 
                        Environment the requirements and administration 
                        under this section of matters relating to 
                        forests, forestry, tree planting activities, 
                        forest product markets, the timber supply, 
                        appropriate activities to develop and carry out 
                        an eligible project, and activities to 
                        facilitate the participation of a rural private 
                        forest landowner or a covered entity in 
                        voluntary environmental credit markets, and as 
                        otherwise provided in this section, as 
                        determined appropriate by the Secretary.
                            (ii) Collaboration.--The Under Secretary 
                        for Natural Resources and Environment shall 
                        collaborate with the Under Secretary for Rural 
                        Development, including by providing information 
                        and technical assistance, to ensure that the 
                        making and administration of guarantees under 
                        this section is fully informed by the matters 
                        described in clause (i) and as otherwise 
                        provided in this section, as determined 
                        appropriate by the Secretary.
            (3) Consideration.--In establishing the program, the 
        Secretary shall consider ways to ensure that the program--
                    (A) minimizes disruptions to traditional forest 
                products markets, including by--
                            (i) collecting data on commercially 
                        available timber that serves wood processing 
                        facilities, including--
                                    (I) the quantity and species of 
                                timber supply available to wood 
                                products facilities in each of the 4 
                                regions described in the most recent 
                                Renewable Resource Assessment prepared 
                                under section 3 of the Forest and 
                                Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning 
                                Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1601); and
                                    (II) any additional information, as 
                                identified by the Secretary; and
                            (ii) using data collected under clause (i) 
                        to make a determination on whether financing 
                        each eligible project described in subsection 
                        (c) may impact commercially available timber 
                        supply;
                    (B) allows for the continued production of 
                sustainable timber supplies by utilizing methodologies 
                that consider the carbon storage benefits of wood 
                products;
                    (C) allows for landowners who are not currently 
                involved in traditional forest products markets, 
                including those who have not historically accessed 
                Department of Agriculture assistance programs, to 
                participate in the program through activities such as 
                conservation easements, reforestation, and other 
                appropriate activities, as determined by the Secretary;
                    (D) facilitates participation opportunities for 
                forest landowners, and ensures program access for those 
                who have not historically accessed Department of 
                Agriculture assistance programs; and
                    (E) is carried out in a manner that increases 
                forestland values for participating landowners in ways 
                that enable landowners of small-acreage forests to 
                maintain--
                            (i) ownership of the land in the family of 
                        the landowner; and
                            (ii) forest use of the land.
    (c) Eligible Projects.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), an eligible 
        project referred to in subsection (b)(1) is a project developed 
        by an eligible entity using methodologies that, as determined 
        by the Secretary--
                    (A) are approved by a credible, third-party entity; 
                and
                    (B) meet global benchmarks for high-integrity.
            (2) Uses of financing.--
                    (A) In general.--A covered entity shall use the 
                bond, loan, or other investment vehicle guaranteed for 
                the covered entity under the program for appropriate 
                activities to develop and carry out an eligible project 
                described in paragraph (1), as determined by the 
                Secretary.
                    (B) Additional activities for certain 
                organizations.--In the case of a bond, loan, or other 
                investment vehicle guaranteed under the program that 
                supports an eligible project described in paragraph 
                (1), the Secretary may allow a portion of the amount of 
                the bond, loan, or other investment vehicle to cover 
                additional activities to facilitate the participation 
                of the covered entity or a rural private forest 
                landowner in voluntary environmental credit markets.
                    (C) Prohibition.--A bond, loan, or other investment 
                vehicle guaranteed under the program shall not be used 
                to create a floor price or artificial demand for the 
                environmental credits generated under eligible projects 
                described in paragraph (1).
    (d) Requirements.--A project described in subsection (c) that 
includes the practice of tree planting may only be carried out, as 
determined by the Secretary--
            (1) on land that was historically forested, as determined 
        based on--
                    (A) data collected through the Forest Inventory and 
                Analysis Program of the Forest Service; and
                    (B) other appropriate scientific resources, as 
                determined by the Secretary;
            (2) using tree species that are native to the region and at 
        ecologically appropriate densities; and
            (3) in a manner that does not create other negative impacts 
        to biodiversity or the environment.
    (e) Guarantee Amount.--With respect to bonds, loans, and other 
investment vehicles guaranteed under the program, the Secretary shall 
guarantee not more than $150,000,000 in the aggregate.
    (f) Implementation.--
            (1) Appraisals.--The Secretary may require an appraisal of 
        an eligible entity requesting a guarantee under the program, 
        including to assess the creditworthiness of the eligible 
        entity, by a specialized appraiser that uses standards that are 
        similar to standards used for similar purposes in the private 
        sector, as determined by the Secretary.
            (2) Financial information.--The Secretary may require 
        financial information from an eligible entity requesting a 
        guarantee under the program in the same manner as is generally 
        required by commercial lenders.
    (g) Auditing.--Not less frequently than annually, the Secretary 
shall conduct audits of each eligible project financed under the 
program to ensure that the methodology used with respect to the project 
continues to comply with the standards determined by the Secretary 
under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (c)(1).
    (h) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue regulations to 
implement the program.
    (i) Termination of Authority.--The authority to guarantee a new 
bond, loan, or other investment vehicle under this section terminates 
on September 30, 2029.

SEC. 8304. FOREST SERVICE LEGACY ROAD AND TRAIL REMEDIATION PROGRAM.

    Section 8 of Public Law 88-657 (16 U.S.C. 538a) (commonly known as 
the ``Forest Roads and Trails Act'') is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(2)--
                    (A) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(B) solicit and consider public input regionally 
                in selecting projects for funding under the Program 
                by--
                            ``(i) publishing annually for each region 
                        the list of projects considered for funding 
                        under the Program;
                            ``(ii) accepting public comments on the 
                        projects listed under clause (i); and
                            ``(iii) considering public comments 
                        received under clause (ii) in selecting 
                        projects for funding;''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        inserting ``annually for each region,'' before 
                        ``publish''; and
                            (ii) in clause (ii)--
                                    (I) by striking ``description and 
                                the proposed'' and inserting the 
                                following: ``description of--
                                    ``(I) each project considered for 
                                funding under the Program;
                                    ``(II) the public comments received 
                                with respect to each project considered 
                                for funding under the Program;
                                    ``(III) the ranking in the 
                                applicable region of each project 
                                considered for funding under the 
                                Program; and
                                    ``(IV) the proposed''; and
                                    (II) in subclause (IV) (as so 
                                designated), by striking ``each 
                                fiscal'' and inserting ``the applicable 
                                fiscal''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Definition of Region.--In this section, the term `region' 
means 1 of the 9 regions of the Forest Service.''.

                     Subtitle D--Land Designations

SEC. 8401. CHESTER COUNTY REVERSIONARY AND MINERAL INTERESTS RELEASE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) within the parcel of State forest land, located in 
        Henderson, Chester County, Tennessee, a recent survey by the 
        State determined that Bethel Baptist Church is encroaching on 
        State-owned land in Chickasaw State Forest by roughly 19 
        inches;
            (2) that parcel was conveyed to the State by the United 
        States Department of Agriculture, which retained a reversionary 
        interest in the land; and
            (3) it is necessary to release the interests of the United 
        States in and to that land to resolve the encroachment issue 
        described in paragraph (1).
    (b) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) State.--The term ``State'' means the State of 
        Tennessee.
            (2) State forest land.--The term ``State forest land'' 
        means the approximately 0.62-acre parcel of land in Chickasaw 
        State Forest that is identified as ``State Forest Land'' on the 
        map prepared by the Forest Service entitled ``State Forest Land 
        Detail Map'' and dated December 13, 2019.
    (c) Release of Reversionary Interest.--
            (1) Release.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall release, 
                without consideration, the reversionary interest of the 
                United States in and to the State forest land described 
                in paragraph (2).
                    (B) Requirements.--Notwithstanding any requirements 
                for any grant of land under section 32(c) of The 
                Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (7 U.S.C. 1011(c)) or 
                any other provision of law, the release under 
                subparagraph (A) shall occur without any appraisal, 
                other reports, or environmental or similar reviews 
                being undertaken.
            (2) Description of reversionary interest.--The reversionary 
        interest referred to in paragraph (1)(A) is the reversionary 
        interest of the United States in and to the State forest land 
        that--
                    (A) takes effect on the State forest land ceasing 
                to be used for public purposes; and
                    (B) was created by the deed--
                            (i) granting from the United States to the 
                        State the State forest land;
                            (ii) dated August 12, 1955; and
                            (iii) registered on pages 588 through 591 
                        of book 48 of the record of deeds for Chester 
                        County, Tennessee.
            (3) Payment of costs.--As a condition on the release under 
        paragraph (1)(A), the State shall pay to the United States any 
        administrative costs incurred by the United States in carrying 
        out the release.
    (d) Conveyance of Mineral Rights.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any requirements for 
        conveyance of Federal mineral interests in section 209 of the 
        Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 
        1719), part 2720 of title 43, Code of Federal Regulations (or 
        successor regulations), or any other provision of law, the 
        Secretary shall convey to the State, by quitclaim deed, without 
        warranty, and without consideration, the mineral interest owned 
        in the State forest land by the United States.
            (2) Requirements.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law, the conveyance under paragraph (1) shall occur--
                    (A) without any exploratory program as to the 
                character of the mineral deposits in the land;
                    (B) without any findings as to known mineral values 
                and mineral development of the land; and
                    (C) without any appraisal, other reports, or 
                environmental or similar reviews being undertaken by 
                the Secretary.
            (3) Payment of costs.--As a condition on the conveyance 
        under paragraph (1), the State shall pay to the United States 
        any administrative costs incurred by the United States in 
        carrying out the conveyance.

SEC. 8402. ROUGH MOUNTAIN WILDERNESS AND RICH HOLE WILDERNESS 
              DESIGNATIONS.

    (a) Rough Mountain Addition.--Section 1 of Public Law 100-326 (16 
U.S.C. 1132 note; 102 Stat. 584; 114 Stat. 2057; 123 Stat. 1002) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(21) Rough mountain addition.--Certain land in the George 
        Washington National Forest comprising approximately 1,000 
        acres, as generally depicted as the `Rough Mountain Addition' 
        on the map entitled `GEORGE WASHINGTON NATIONAL FOREST - South 
        half - Alternative I - Selected Alternative Management 
        Prescriptions - Land and Resources Management Plan Final 
        Environmental Impact Statement' and dated March 4, 2014, which 
        is incorporated in the Rough Mountain Wilderness Area 
        designated by paragraph (1).''.
    (b) Rich Hole Addition.--
            (1) Potential wilderness designation.--In furtherance of 
        the purposes of the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.), 
        certain land in the George Washington National Forest 
        comprising approximately 4,600 acres, as generally depicted as 
        the ``Rich Hole Addition'' on the map entitled ``GEORGE 
        WASHINGTON NATIONAL FOREST - South half - Alternative I - 
        Selected Alternative Management Prescriptions - Land and 
        Resources Management Plan Final Environmental Impact 
        Statement'' and dated March 4, 2014, is designated as a 
        potential wilderness area for incorporation in the Rich Hole 
        Wilderness Area designated by section 1(2) of Public Law 100-
        326 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; 102 Stat. 584).
            (2) Wilderness designation.--The potential wilderness area 
        designated by paragraph (1) shall be designated as wilderness 
        and incorporated in the Rich Hole Wilderness Area designated by 
        section 1(2) of Public Law 100-326 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; 102 
        Stat. 584) on the earlier of--
                    (A) the date on which the Secretary publishes in 
                the Federal Register notice that the activities 
                permitted under paragraph (4) have been completed; or
                    (B) the date that is 5 years after the date of 
                enactment of this Act.
            (3) Management.--Except as provided in paragraph (4), the 
        Secretary shall manage the potential wilderness area designated 
        by paragraph (1) in accordance with the Wilderness Act (16 
        U.S.C. 1131 et seq.).
            (4) Water quality improvement activities.--
                    (A) In general.--To enhance natural ecosystems 
                within the potential wilderness area designated by 
                paragraph (1) by implementing certain activities to 
                improve water quality and aquatic passage, as set forth 
                in the Forest Service document entitled ``Decision 
                Notice for the Lower Cowpasture Restoration and 
                Management Project'' and dated December 2015, the 
                Secretary may use motorized equipment and mechanized 
                transport in the potential wilderness area until the 
                date on which the potential wilderness area is 
                incorporated into the Rich Hole Wilderness Area under 
                paragraph (2).
                    (B) Requirement.--In carrying out subparagraph (A), 
                the Secretary, to the maximum extent practicable, shall 
                use the minimum tool or administrative practice 
                necessary to carry out that subparagraph with the least 
                amount of adverse impact on wilderness character and 
                resources.

SEC. 8403. BENJAMIN HARRISON NATIONAL RECREATION AREA AND WILDERNESS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Advisory committee.--The term ``Advisory Committee'' 
        means the advisory committee for the National Recreation Area 
        established under subsection (c)(1)(A).
            (2) Management plan.--The term ``Management Plan'' means 
        the management plan for the National Recreation Area and 
        Wilderness developed under subsection (c)(2).
            (3) Map.--The term ``map'' means the map entitled 
        ``Benjamin Harrison National Recreation Area and Wilderness 
        Establishment Act of 2023'' and dated March 27, 2024.
            (4) National recreation area.--The term ``National 
        Recreation Area'' means the Benjamin Harrison National 
        Recreation Area established by subsection (b)(1)(B).
            (5) National recreation area and wilderness.--The term 
        ``National Recreation Area and Wilderness'' means the Benjamin 
        Harrison National Recreation Area and Wilderness established by 
        subsection (b)(1)(A).
            (6) Nonwilderness corridor.--The term ``nonwilderness 
        corridor'' means the land 100 feet in width from either side of 
        the centerline of the existing trails and roads, as depicted on 
        the map as ``Non-Wilderness Corridor'', which is not included 
        as part of the ``Proposed Wilderness'', as depicted on the map.
            (7) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary, 
        acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.
            (8) State.--The term ``State'' means the State of Indiana.
            (9) Wilderness addition.--The term ``Wilderness addition'' 
        means the land added to the Charles C. Deam Wilderness by 
        subsection (b)(1)(C).
    (b) Benjamin Harrison National Recreation Area and Wilderness.--
            (1) Establishment.--
                    (A) In general.--There is established in the State 
                the Benjamin Harrison National Recreation Area and 
                Wilderness as a subunit of the Hoosier National Forest, 
                consisting of--
                            (i) the National Recreation Area; and
                            (ii) the Wilderness addition.
                    (B) Benjamin harrison national recreation area.--
                There is established in the State the Benjamin Harrison 
                National Recreation Area, consisting of approximately 
                29,382 acres of National Forest System land depicted on 
                the map as ``Proposed National Recreation Area (NRA)''.
                    (C) Charles c. deam wilderness addition.--The 
                approximately 15,300 acres of National Forest System 
                land in the State generally depicted on the map as 
                ``Proposed Wilderness'' shall be added to and 
                administered as part of the Charles C. Deam Wilderness 
                in accordance with Public Law 97-384 (16 U.S.C. 1132 
                note; 96 Stat. 1942), consisting of--
                            (i) the approximately 2,028.8 acres of 
                        National Forest System land in the State 
                        generally depicted on the map as the ``Deckard 
                        Ridge Units A, B, and C'';
                            (ii) the approximately 2,633 acres of 
                        National Forest System land in the State 
                        generally depicted on the map as the ``Panther 
                        Creek Units A and B'';
                            (iii) the approximately 5,456.9 acres of 
                        National Forest System land in the State 
                        generally depicted on the map as the ``Nebo 
                        Ridge Units A, B, C, D, and E'';
                            (iv) the approximately 2,141.4 acres of 
                        National Forest System land in the State 
                        generally depicted on the map as the ``Browning 
                        Mountain Unit'';
                            (v) the approximately 2,161.9 acres of 
                        National Forest System land in the State 
                        generally depicted on the map as the ``Hickory 
                        Ridge Units A, B, C, D, and E''; and
                            (vi) the approximately 878.3 acres of 
                        National Forest System land in the State 
                        generally depicted on the map as the ``Mose Ray 
                        Branch Unit''.
                    (D) Availability of map.--Not later than 30 days 
                after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
                shall file the map, and make the map available for 
                public inspection, in the appropriate offices of the 
                Forest Service.
            (2) Administration.--The Secretary shall manage--
                    (A) the Wilderness addition (other than the 
                nonwilderness corridors) in a manner that is consistent 
                with the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.); and
                    (B) the National Recreation Area in a manner that 
                ensures--
                            (i) the protection of the water quality of 
                        the public water supply of Monroe Reservoir in 
                        the State in accordance with section 303(e)(1) 
                        of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 
                        (16 U.S.C. 6542(e)(1)); and
                            (ii) the promotion of recreational 
                        opportunities in the National Recreation Area.
                    (C) Hunting, fishing, and trapping.--
                            (i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        the Secretary shall allow hunting, fishing, and 
                        trapping in the National Recreation Area and 
                        Wilderness.
                            (ii) Limitations.--The Secretary, in 
                        consultation with designees from the State 
                        Department of Natural Resources and the Corps 
                        of Engineers, may, for reasons of public 
                        safety, species enhancement, or management of a 
                        species listed as endangered or threatened 
                        under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 
                        U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), designate areas in which, 
                        and establish seasons during which, no hunting, 
                        fishing, or trapping is permitted in the 
                        National Recreation Area and Wilderness.
                            (iii) Effect.--Nothing in this section 
                        affects the jurisdiction of the State with 
                        respect to fish and wildlife in the National 
                        Recreation Area and Wilderness.
                    (D) Recreation.--
                            (i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        the Secretary shall--
                                    (I) in the National Recreation 
                                Area, continue to permit and provide 
                                for appropriate nonmotorized and 
                                motorized recreational uses, including 
                                hiking, viewing of nature and wildlife, 
                                camping, horseback riding, mountain 
                                biking, and other existing recreational 
                                uses; and
                                    (II) permit the nonmechanized 
                                recreational use of the Wilderness 
                                addition, in accordance with the 
                                Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.) 
                                within the boundary of the ``Proposed 
                                Wilderness'' indicated on the map.
                            (ii) Limitations.--The Secretary, in 
                        consultation with designees from the State 
                        Department of Natural Resources and the Corps 
                        of Engineers, may designate zones in which, and 
                        establish periods during which, a recreational 
                        use shall not be permitted in the National 
                        Recreation Area and Wilderness under clause (i) 
                        for reasons of public safety, species 
                        enhancement, or management of a species listed 
                        as endangered or threatened under the 
                        Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 
                        et seq.).
                            (iii) Trail plan.--Notwithstanding any 
                        provisions of the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 
                        1131 et seq.) or any other provision of law, 
                        the Secretary, in consultation with interested 
                        parties, shall establish a trail plan--
                                    (I) to maintain existing mountain 
                                biking, hiking, and equestrian trails 
                                in the nonwilderness corridors; and
                                    (II) to develop mountain biking, 
                                hiking, and equestrian trails in the 
                                National Recreation Area.
                    (E) Vegetation management.--
                            (i) Wilderness addition.--Consistent with 
                        the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.), 
                        timber removal or management shall not be 
                        permitted in the Wilderness addition, except as 
                        the Secretary determines to be necessary for 
                        public safety and management of diseases, as 
                        described in section 293.3 of title 36, Code of 
                        Federal Regulations (or a successor 
                        regulation).
                            (ii) National recreation area.--Vegetation 
                        management within the National Recreation Area 
                        shall be consistent with--
                                    (I) the Management Plan; and
                                    (II) any applicable Forest Service 
                                land management plan.
    (c) National Recreation Area Advisory Committee; Management Plan.--
            (1) National recreation area federal advisory committee.--
                    (A) Establishment.--As soon as practicable after 
                the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
                establish an advisory committee to advise the Secretary 
                with respect to the management of the National 
                Recreation Area.
                    (B) Membership.--The Advisory Committee shall be 
                composed of members appointed by the Secretary, from 
                among--
                            (i) representatives of local government;
                            (ii) forest ecologists;
                            (iii) experts in dispersed recreation;
                            (iv) local residents who own or reside in 
                        property located not more than 2 miles from the 
                        boundary of the National Recreation Area;
                            (v) representatives of conservation and 
                        outdoor recreation groups;
                            (vi) consulting foresters;
                            (vii) the Director of the State Department 
                        of Natural Resources (or designees);
                            (viii) wildlife experts; and
                            (ix) designees from the Corps of Engineers.
            (2) Management plan.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 5 years after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
                develop a comprehensive management plan for the long-
                term protection and management of the National 
                Recreation Area.
                    (B) Requirements.--The Management Plan shall--
                            (i) be developed--
                                    (I) in consultation with the 
                                Advisory Committee;
                                    (II) after providing an opportunity 
                                for public comment; and
                                    (III) after engaging with 
                                interested or affected federally 
                                recognized Indian Tribes, other Federal 
                                agencies, and State and local 
                                governments, including the State 
                                Department of Natural Resources;
                            (ii) address management issues associated 
                        with the National Recreation Area, including--
                                    (I) fires;
                                    (II) invasive species;
                                    (III) the response to insect and 
                                disease infestations;
                                    (IV) measures needed to protect the 
                                public water supply provided by Monroe 
                                Reservoir;
                                    (V) the establishment, maintenance, 
                                and closure of camp sites, campgrounds, 
                                trails, and roadways; and
                                    (VI) any other issues identified by 
                                the Advisory Committee; and
                            (iii) include--
                                    (I) measures to preserve and 
                                protect native and historical 
                                resources, flora, fauna, and 
                                recreational, scenic, and aesthetic 
                                values within the National Recreation 
                                Area; and
                                    (II) measures to prevent 
                                degradation of the public water supply 
                                provided by Monroe Reservoir.
    (d) Funding.--
            (1) No additional funds.--No additional funds are 
        authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section.
            (2) Use of existing funds.--This section shall be carried 
        out using amounts otherwise made available to the Secretary.
    (e) Effect.--Nothing in this section--
            (1) affects the Corps of Engineers use permits for flowage 
        rights within the National Recreation Area and Wilderness 
        established by the order entitled ``Joint Order Interchanging 
        Administrative Jurisdiction of Department of the Army Lands and 
        National Forest Lands'' (35 Fed. Reg. 10382 (June 25, 1970));
            (2) prevents the Corps of Engineers from carrying out the 
        water control management plan of the Corps of Engineers within 
        the National Recreation Area and Wilderness as described in the 
        Corps of Engineers water control manual;
            (3) prevents the Corps of Engineers from--
                    (A) disposing of, or otherwise managing, real 
                estate interests held by the Corps of Engineers as of 
                the date of enactment of this Act; or
                    (B) acquiring additional real estate interests 
                required to support the operation or maintenance of 
                Monroe Lake;
            (4) affects the use of motor vessels (as defined in section 
        2101 of title 46, United States Code) on Monroe Lake;
            (5) results in the closure of any State or county roadway 
        in the National Recreation Area and the nonwilderness 
        corridors;
            (6) precludes the ownership, use, or enjoyment of private 
        land within the National Recreation Area and Wilderness;
            (7) otherwise affects access to private land or cemeteries 
        within the National Recreation Area and Wilderness;
            (8) affects the access to land within the nonwilderness 
        corridors and within 100 feet of the outer boundary of the 
        Wilderness addition by any State or private entity or 
        organization with a permit, special use authorization, or other 
        right to access land within the Wilderness addition, as 
        described in section 5(a) of the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 
        1134(a)), for the purpose of maintaining infrastructure located 
        within the Wilderness addition, including access by--
                    (A) the Smithville Telephone Company;
                    (B) Jackson County Water Utility;
                    (C) Jackson County Rural Electric;
                    (D) the ANR Pipeline Company;
                    (E) the Monroe County commissioners;
                    (F) Hoosier Trails Council, BSA; and
                    (G) the State Department of Natural Resources; or
            (9) affects the access to land within the Wilderness 
        addition by the State Department of Natural Resources or 
        appropriate public safety officers with the use of motor 
        vehicles, mechanized equipment, or motorboats for emergencies 
        involving the health and safety of persons within the 
        Wilderness addition, in accordance with section 4(c) of the 
        Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1133(c)).

SEC. 8404. SHENANDOAH MOUNTAIN NATIONAL SCENIC AREA.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) National scenic area.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``National Scenic Area'' 
                means the Shenandoah Mountain National Scenic Area 
                established by subsection (b)(1).
                    (B) Inclusions.--The term ``National Scenic Area'' 
                includes--
                            (i) any National Forest System land within 
                        the boundary of the National Scenic Area that 
                        is administered as part of the National Scenic 
                        Area; and
                            (ii) any National Forest System land within 
                        the boundary of the National Scenic Area that 
                        is administered as a component of the National 
                        Wilderness Preservation System under the 
                        amendments made by subsection (c).
            (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary, 
        acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.
            (3) State.--The term ``State'' means the State of Virginia.
            (4) Wilderness area.--The term ``Wilderness Area'' means a 
        wilderness area designated by paragraphs (22) through (26) of 
        section 1 of Public Law 100-326 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; 102 Stat. 
        584; 114 Stat. 2057; 123 Stat. 1002) (as added by subsection 
        (c)).
    (b) Establishment of the Shenandoah Mountain National Scenic 
Area.--
            (1) Establishment.--Subject to valid existing rights, there 
        is established the Shenandoah Mountain National Scenic Area, 
        consisting of approximately 92,562 acres of National Forest 
        System land in the George Washington and Jefferson National 
        Forests, as generally depicted on the map filed under 
        subsection (d)(1)(A).
            (2) Purposes.--The purposes of the National Scenic Area 
        are--
                    (A) to ensure the protection and preservation of 
                the scenic quality, water quality, natural 
                characteristics, and water resources of the National 
                Scenic Area;
                    (B) to protect wildlife, fish, and plant habitat in 
                the National Scenic Area;
                    (C) to protect outstanding natural biological 
                values and habitat for plant and animal species along 
                the Shenandoah Mountain crest above 3,000 feet above 
                sea level elevation, including the Cow Knob salamander;
                    (D) to protect forests in the National Scenic Area 
                that may develop characteristics of old-growth forests;
                    (E) to protect the Wilderness Areas; and
                    (F) to provide for a variety of, and improve 
                existing, recreation settings and opportunities in the 
                National Scenic Area in a manner consistent with the 
                purposes of the National Scenic Area described in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (E).
            (3) Administration.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B), the Secretary shall administer the National Scenic 
                Area in accordance with--
                            (i) this subsection; and
                            (ii) the laws (including regulations) 
                        generally applicable to the National Forest 
                        System.
                    (B) Exception.--Subject to valid existing rights, 
                the Secretary shall administer the Wilderness Areas in 
                accordance with the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et 
                seq.) and any other laws applicable to the Wilderness 
                Areas, except that any reference in that Act to the 
                effective date of that Act shall be considered to be a 
                reference to the date of enactment of this Act for 
                purposes of administering the Wilderness Areas.
                    (C) Effect; conflicts.--
                            (i) Effect.--The establishment of the 
                        National Scenic Area shall not affect the 
                        administration of the Wilderness Areas.
                            (ii) Conflicts.--In the case of any 
                        conflict between the laws applicable to the 
                        Wilderness Areas, the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 
                        1131 et seq.) shall control.
                    (D) No buffer zones.--
                            (i) In general.--Nothing in this subsection 
                        creates a protective perimeter or buffer zone 
                        around the National Scenic Area or a Wilderness 
                        Area.
                            (ii) Activities outside national scenic 
                        area or wilderness areas.--The fact that an 
                        activity or use on land outside the National 
                        Scenic Area or a Wilderness Area can be seen or 
                        heard by humans within the National Scenic Area 
                        or Wilderness Area shall not preclude the 
                        activity or use outside the boundaries of the 
                        National Scenic Area or Wilderness Area.
            (4) Recreational uses.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in 
                this subsection or under applicable law, the Secretary 
                shall authorize the continuation of, or seek to 
                improve, authorized recreational uses of the National 
                Scenic Area in existence on the date of enactment of 
                this Act.
                    (B) Effect.--Nothing in this subsection interferes 
                with the authority of the Secretary--
                            (i) to maintain or improve nonmotorized 
                        trails and recreation sites within the National 
                        Scenic Area;
                            (ii) to construct new nonmotorized trails 
                        and recreation sites within the National Scenic 
                        Area;
                            (iii) to adjust recreational uses within 
                        the National Scenic Area for reasons of sound 
                        resource management or public safety; and
                            (iv) to evaluate applications for, and 
                        issue or deny, special use authorizations in 
                        connection with recreation within the National 
                        Scenic Area.
                    (C) Requirement.--Recreation within the National 
                Scenic Area shall be conducted in a manner consistent 
                with the purposes of the National Scenic Area described 
                in paragraph (2).
            (5) National forest system trail plan.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
                develop a National Forest System trail plan for 
                National Forest System land in the National Scenic Area 
                that is not located in a Wilderness Area in order to 
                construct, maintain, and improve nonmotorized 
                recreation National Forest System trails in a manner 
                consistent with the purposes of the National Scenic 
                Area described in paragraph (2).
                    (B) Potential inclusion.--The Secretary may address 
                in the National Forest System trail plan developed 
                under subparagraph (A) National Forest System land that 
                is near, but not within the boundary of, the National 
                Scenic Area.
                    (C) Public input.--In developing the National 
                Forest System trail plan under subparagraph (A), the 
                Secretary shall seek input from interested parties, 
                including members of the public.
                    (D) Requirements.--The National Forest System trail 
                plan developed under subparagraph (A) shall--
                            (i) promote sustainable trail management 
                        that protects natural resources and provides 
                        diverse, high-quality safe recreation 
                        opportunities, which may include loop trails 
                        for nonmotorized uses;
                            (ii) consider natural resource protection, 
                        trail sustainability, and trail maintenance 
                        needs as primary factors in determining the 
                        location or relocation of National Forest 
                        System trails; and
                            (iii) develop a National Forest System 
                        trail outside the Little River Wilderness Area 
                        in the area of the Tillman Road corridor (along 
                        National Forest System road 101) to connect the 
                        Wolf Ridge Trail parking area to the Wild Oak 
                        National Recreation Trail, as generally 
                        depicted on the applicable map filed under 
                        subsection (d)(1)(B), pending completion of the 
                        required environmental analysis.
                    (E) Implementation report.--Not later than 2 years 
                after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
                shall submit to Congress a report that describes the 
                implementation of the National Forest System trail plan 
                developed under subparagraph (A), including the 
                identification of the National Forest System trail 
                described in subparagraph (D)(iii) and any other 
                priority National Forest System trails identified for 
                development.
            (6) Roads.--
                    (A) In general.--The establishment of the National 
                Scenic Area shall not--
                            (i) result in the closure of any National 
                        Forest System roads, as generally depicted on 
                        the map filed under subsection (d)(1)(A); or
                            (ii) modify public access within the 
                        National Scenic Area.
                    (B) No new roads.--No new roads shall be 
                constructed in the National Scenic Area after the date 
                of enactment of this Act.
                    (C) Effect.--Nothing in this subsection--
                            (i) denies any owner of private land or an 
                        interest in private land that is located within 
                        the National Scenic Area the right to access 
                        the private land;
                            (ii) alters the authority of the Secretary 
                        to open or close roads in the National Scenic 
                        Area in existence on the date of enactment of 
                        this Act in furtherance of the purposes of this 
                        section; or
                            (iii) alters the authority of the State--
                                    (I) to maintain the access road to 
                                the crest of Shenandoah Mountain (Route 
                                924); or
                                    (II) to realign the access road 
                                described in subclause (I) if necessary 
                                for reasons of sound resource 
                                management or public safety.
                    (D) Parking areas.--
                            (i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        the reconstruction, minor relocation, and 
                        construction of parking areas and related 
                        facilities within the National Scenic Area are 
                        authorized in a manner consistent with the 
                        purposes of the National Scenic Area described 
                        in paragraph (2).
                            (ii) Limitation.--Additional trailhead 
                        parking areas authorized in the National Scenic 
                        Area under clause (i) may be constructed only 
                        along National Forest System roads.
            (7) Motorized travel.--Motorized travel shall be allowed 
        only on roads within the portions of the National Scenic Area 
        that are not Wilderness Areas, in a manner consistent with 
        paragraph (6).
            (8) Water.--The Secretary shall administer the National 
        Scenic Area in a manner that maintains and enhances water 
        quality.
            (9) Water impoundments.--The establishment of the National 
        Scenic Area shall not prohibit--
                    (A) the operation, maintenance, or improvement of, 
                or access to, dams, reservoirs, or related 
                infrastructure in existence on the date of enactment of 
                this Act, as generally depicted on the map filed under 
                subsection (d)(1)(A); or
                    (B) the establishment of new dams, reservoirs, or 
                related infrastructure if necessary for municipal use.
            (10) Timber harvest.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B), no harvesting of timber shall be allowed within 
                the National Scenic Area.
                    (B) Exceptions.--
                            (i) Necessary harvesting.--The Secretary 
                        may authorize harvesting of timber in the 
                        National Scenic Area if the Secretary 
                        determines that the harvesting is necessary--
                                    (I) to control fire;
                                    (II) to provide for public safety 
                                or trail access;
                                    (III) to construct or maintain 
                                overlooks and vistas; or
                                    (IV) to control insect or disease 
                                outbreaks.
                            (ii) Firewood for personal use.--Firewood 
                        may be harvested for personal use along roads 
                        within the National Scenic Area, subject to any 
                        conditions that the Secretary may require.
            (11) Insect and disease outbreaks.--
                    (A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                Secretary may carry out activities necessary to control 
                insect and disease outbreaks in a manner consistent 
                with the purposes of the National Scenic Area described 
                in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) to maintain scenic quality;
                            (ii) to reduce hazards to visitors; or
                            (iii) to protect National Forest System 
                        land or private land.
                    (B) Limitations.--For purposes of activities 
                carried out under subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) native forest insect and disease 
                        outbreaks shall be controlled only--
                                    (I) to prevent unacceptable damage 
                                to resources on adjacent land; or
                                    (II) to protect threatened, 
                                endangered, sensitive, or locally rare 
                                species, with biological control 
                                methods being favored; and
                            (ii) nonnative insects and diseases may be 
                        eradicated or suppressed only in order to 
                        prevent a loss of a special biological 
                        community.
            (12) Vegetation management.--The Secretary may engage in 
        vegetation management practices within the National Scenic Area 
        in a manner consistent with the purposes of the National Scenic 
        Area described in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) to maintain wildlife clearings and scenic 
                enhancements in existence on the date of enactment of 
                this Act; or
                    (B) to construct not more than 100 acres of 
                additional wildlife clearings by--
                            (i) expanding wildlife clearings in 
                        existence on the date of enactment of this Act; 
                        or
                            (ii) constructing new wildlife clearings of 
                        approximately 2 to 5 acres.
            (13) Wildfire suppression.--
                    (A) In general.--Nothing in this subsection 
                prohibits the Secretary, in cooperation with other 
                Federal, State, and local agencies, as appropriate, 
                from carrying out wildfire suppression activities 
                within the National Scenic Area.
                    (B) Requirements.--Wildfire suppression activities 
                within the National Scenic Area shall be carried out--
                            (i) in a manner consistent with the 
                        purposes of the National Scenic Area described 
                        in paragraph (2); and
                            (ii) using such means as the Secretary 
                        determines to be appropriate.
            (14) Prescribed fire.--Nothing in this subsection prohibits 
        the Secretary from conducting prescribed burns and necessary 
        burn unit preparation within the National Scenic Area in a 
        manner consistent with the purposes of the National Scenic Area 
        described in paragraph (2).
            (15) Withdrawal.--
                    (A) In general.--Subject to valid existing rights, 
                all Federal land within the National Scenic Area is 
                withdrawn from--
                            (i) entry, appropriation, or disposal under 
                        the public land laws;
                            (ii) location, entry, and patent under the 
                        mining laws;
                            (iii) operation of the mineral leasing and 
                        geothermal leasing laws;
                            (iv) wind, solar, or other renewable energy 
                        development; and
                            (v) designation of new utility corridors, 
                        utility rights-of-way, or communications sites.
                    (B) Effect.--Consistent with paragraph (6)(C)(i), 
                the withdrawal under subparagraph (A) shall not deny 
                access to private land or an interest in private land 
                within the National Scenic Area.
            (16) Management plan.--
                    (A) In general.--As soon as practicable after the 
                date of the completion of the National Forest System 
                trail plan under paragraph (5), but not later than 2 
                years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
                Secretary shall develop as an amendment to the land 
                management plan for the George Washington and Jefferson 
                National Forests a management plan for the National 
                Scenic Area that is consistent with this subsection.
                    (B) Effect.--Nothing in this paragraph requires the 
                Secretary to revise the land management plan for the 
                George Washington and Jefferson National Forests under 
                section 6 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable 
                Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1604).
    (c) Designation of Wilderness Areas.--Section 1 of Public Law 100-
326 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; 102 Stat. 584; 114 Stat. 2057; 123 Stat. 
1002) (as amended by section 8402(a)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
            ``(22) Skidmore fork wilderness.--Certain National Forest 
        System land in the George Washington and Jefferson National 
        Forests comprising approximately 5,088 acres, as generally 
        depicted on the applicable map filed under section 
        8404(d)(1)(B) of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024, which shall be known as the `Skidmore Fork Wilderness'.
            ``(23) Ramseys draft wilderness addition.--Certain National 
        Forest System land in the George Washington and Jefferson 
        National Forests comprising approximately 6,961 acres, as 
        generally depicted on the applicable map filed under section 
        8404(d)(1)(B) of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024, which shall be incorporated into the Ramseys Draft 
        Wilderness designated by Public Law 98-586 (16 U.S.C. 1132 
        note; 98 Stat. 3106).
            ``(24) Lynn hollow wilderness.--Certain National Forest 
        System land in the George Washington and Jefferson National 
        Forests comprising approximately 3,568 acres, as generally 
        depicted on the applicable map filed under section 
        8404(d)(1)(B) of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024, which shall be known as the `Lynn Hollow Wilderness'.
            ``(25) Little river wilderness.--Certain National Forest 
        System land in the George Washington and Jefferson National 
        Forests comprising approximately 12,461 acres, as generally 
        depicted on the applicable map filed under section 
        8404(d)(1)(B) of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024, which shall be known as the `Little River Wilderness'.
            ``(26) Beech lick knob wilderness.--Certain National Forest 
        System land in the George Washington and Jefferson National 
        Forests comprising approximately 5,779 acres, as generally 
        depicted on the applicable map filed under section 
        8404(d)(1)(B) of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024, which shall be known as the `Beech Lick Knob 
        Wilderness'.''.
    (d) Maps and Boundary Descriptions.--
            (1) Filing.--As soon as practicable after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall file with the 
        Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
        and the Committee on Natural Resources and the Committee on 
        Agriculture of the House of Representatives maps and boundary 
        descriptions of--
                    (A) the National Scenic Area; and
                    (B) each of the Wilderness Areas.
            (2) Force and effect.--The maps and boundary descriptions 
        filed under paragraph (1) shall have the same force and effect 
        as if included in this section, except that the Secretary may 
        correct clerical and typographical errors in the maps and 
        boundary descriptions.
            (3) Maps control.--In the case of any discrepancy between 
        the acreage of the National Scenic Area or a Wilderness Area 
        and the applicable map filed under paragraph (1), the 
        applicable map filed under that paragraph shall control.
            (4) Availability.--The maps and boundary descriptions filed 
        under paragraph (1) shall be on file and available for public 
        inspection in the office of the Chief of the Forest Service.

SEC. 8405. FLATSIDE-BETHUNE WILDERNESS.

    (a) Additions to Flatside Wilderness.--Section 3(d) of Arkansas 
Wilderness Act of 1984 (Public Law 98-508; 98 Stat. 2349; 132 Stat. 
5520) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``1984 and'' and inserting ``1984,''; and
            (2) by inserting ``and certain land in the Ouachita 
        National Forest, which comprise approximately 2,215 acres, 
        generally depicted as `Land Proposed for Wilderness 
        Designation' on the map entitled `Flatside Wilderness, Proposed 
        Addition Designation', dated September 29, 2022,'' after 
        ``2018,''.
    (b) Fire, Insects, and Diseases.--Nothing in this section or the 
amendment made by subsection (a) shall be construed to limit the 
authority of the Secretary under section 4(d)(1) of the Wilderness Act 
(16 U.S.C. 1133(d)(1)) in accordance with existing laws (including 
regulations).
    (c) Designation of Wilderness Addition.--
            (1) In general.--The wilderness designated by section 3(d) 
        of Arkansas Wilderness Act of 1984 (Public Law 98-508; 98 Stat. 
        2349) shall be known as the ``Flatside-Bethune Wilderness''.
            (2) References.--Any reference in a law, map, regulation, 
        document, paper, or other record of the United States to the 
        Flatside Wilderness shall be deemed to be a reference to the 
        ``Flatside-Bethune Wilderness''.

SEC. 8406. SHAWNEE NATIONAL FOREST DESIGNATIONS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Designated natural area.--The term ``designated natural 
        area'' means an area determined to be of exceptional 
        ecological, botanical, geologic, scenic, or archeological value 
        by--
                    (A) the Secretary; and
                    (B)(i) the State of Illinois; or
                    (ii) the Secretary of the Interior, acting through 
                the Director of the National Park Service.
            (2) Designated research natural area.--The term 
        ``designated research natural area'' means an area that has 
        been selected by the Secretary, and is managed by the Forest 
        Service, for scientific research value.
            (3) Map.--The term ``map'' means the map prepared and 
        submitted by the Forest Service under subsection (e)(1).
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary, 
        acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.
            (5) Special management area.--The term ``Special Management 
        Area'' means a Special Management Area established by 
        subsection (c)(1).
    (b) Camp Hutchins Wilderness.--
            (1) Addition to the national wilderness preservation 
        system.--In accordance with the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 
        et seq.), certain land in the Shawnee National Forest in the 
        State of Illinois managed by the Forest Service, comprising 
        approximately 750 acres and generally depicted on the map, is 
        designated as wilderness and as a component of the National 
        Wilderness Preservation System, and shall be known as the 
        ``Camp Hutchins Wilderness''.
            (2) Management.--Subject to valid existing rights, the Camp 
        Hutchins Wilderness shall be administered by the Secretary in 
        accordance with the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.), 
        except that any reference in that Act to the effective date 
        shall be considered to be a reference to the date of enactment 
        of this Act.
            (3) Hiking trail.--Forest Road 211 shall be closed to 
        public vehicular traffic and shall be maintained as a hiking 
        trail, including the eastern extension of Forest Road 211 
        formerly known as the ``Hutchins Creek Spur'' up to the area 
        known as ``Hutchins Creek Corridor'', as generally depicted on 
        the map.
            (4) Withdrawal.--Subject to valid existing rights, all 
        Federal land within the Camp Hutchins Wilderness, including any 
        land or interest in land that is acquired by the United States 
        within the Camp Hutchins Wilderness after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, is withdrawn from--
                    (A) entry, appropriation, or disposal under the 
                public land laws;
                    (B) location, entry, and patent under the mining 
                laws; and
                    (C) operation of the mineral leasing, mineral 
                materials, and geothermal leasing laws.
    (c) Establishment of Special Management Areas.--
            (1) Establishment.--Subject to valid existing rights, the 
        following Special Management Areas within the Shawnee National 
        Forest in the State of Illinois are established:
                    (A) Camp hutchins special management area.--Certain 
                Federal land managed by the Forest Service, comprising 
                approximately 2,953 acres and generally depicted on the 
                map.
                    (B) Ripple hollow special management area.--Certain 
                Federal land managed by the Forest Service, comprising 
                approximately 3,445 acres and generally depicted on the 
                map.
                    (C) Burke branch special management area.--Certain 
                Federal land managed by the Forest Service, comprising 
                approximately 6,310 acres and generally depicted on the 
                map.
            (2) Purposes.--The purposes of the Special Management Areas 
        are--
                    (A) to conserve, protect, and enhance the 
                ecological, scenic, wildlife, recreational, cultural, 
                historic, educational, and scientific resources of the 
                Special Management Areas for the benefit and enjoyment 
                of present and future generations;
                    (B) to promote biodiversity and control invasive 
                species; and
                    (C) to allow for the continuation of restoration 
                efforts and scientific study of the designated natural 
                areas and designated research natural areas within the 
                Special Management Areas.
    (d) Administration of Special Management Areas.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall administer the Special 
        Management Areas--
                    (A) in a manner that conserves, protects, and 
                enhances the purposes for which the Special Management 
                Areas are established; and
                    (B) in accordance with--
                            (i) this subsection; and
                            (ii) other applicable laws.
            (2) Management plan.--Not later than 3 years after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a 
        comprehensive management plan for the long-term protection and 
        management of the Special Management Areas.
            (3) Uses.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall allow only 
                uses of the Special Management Areas that are 
                consistent with the purposes for which the Special 
                Management Areas are established.
                    (B) Prescribed fire.--The Secretary may use 
                prescribed fire to sustain the ecological structure and 
                composition of the Special Management Areas to sustain 
                the biodiversity of the Special Management Areas.
                    (C) Management tools.--
                            (i) In general.--The Secretary may use 
                        herbicides, insecticides, and mechanized 
                        equipment in the control of fire, insects, 
                        disease, and invasive species, including the 
                        use of chainsaws, drones, aircraft, pickup 
                        trucks, all-terrain vehicles, and rubber and 
                        tracked vehicles to carry out management of the 
                        Special Management Areas approved by the 
                        Secretary.
                            (ii) Requirement.--In carrying out 
                        management of the Special Management Areas, the 
                        Secretary shall use the best available 
                        technology and science.
                    (D) Motorized vehicles.--Except in cases in which 
                motorized vehicles are needed for administrative 
                purposes, emergency response, or access on established 
                roads accessing trailheads, or are essential to provide 
                off-road access for ecosystem management of habitat, 
                the use of motor vehicles in the Special Management 
                Areas shall be prohibited.
                    (E) Roads.--The Secretary shall decommission and 
                remove roads within the Special Management Areas, 
                except roads needed for management or access to 
                trailheads, as soon as practicable.
                    (F) Timber.--
                            (i) In general.--Commercial timber 
                        harvesting, except as needed for fire, insect, 
                        and disease control, and for visitor and 
                        administrative safety, in the Special 
                        Management Areas shall be prohibited.
                            (ii) Activities permitted.--Thinning of 
                        trees and other vegetation in the Special 
                        Management Areas shall be permitted for 
                        restoration of the designated natural areas and 
                        designated research natural areas and to 
                        further the management objectives described in 
                        this subsection.
                    (G) Inholdings.--
                            (i) In general.--Access to private 
                        inholdings in the Special Management Areas 
                        shall be preserved.
                            (ii) Acquisitions.--The Secretary shall 
                        acquire any private inholdings in the Special 
                        Management Areas by purchase or exchange as 
                        soon as feasible.
                    (H) Hunting and trapping.--
                            (i) Hunting.--Hunting shall be permitted in 
                        the Special Management Areas as permitted by 
                        the State of Illinois and in accordance with 
                        regulations of the State of Illinois and 
                        regulations of the Forest Service.
                            (ii) Trapping.--Trapping shall not be 
                        permitted in the Special Management Areas.
                            (iii) Access by motorized vehicles.--Access 
                        within the Special Management Areas by hunters 
                        in motorized vehicles shall be prohibited.
                    (I) Volunteer restoration and research.--
                            (i) Volunteers.--The Secretary shall allow 
                        organized groups of volunteers to participate 
                        in ecological restoration activities under the 
                        guidance of Forest Service ecologists and 
                        botanists within the Special Management Areas 
                        through cooperative agreements.
                            (ii) Access for research purposes.--The 
                        Secretary shall allow access to the Special 
                        Management Areas for scientific research by 
                        qualified individuals and organizations, as 
                        determined by the Secretary.
                    (J) Ongoing management decisions.--The Supervisor 
                of the Shawnee National Forest shall have the 
                authority, without requiring the permission of the 
                Secretary, to make management decisions concerning any 
                designated natural area or designated research natural 
                area within the Special Management Areas pursuant to 
                the land and resource management plan for the Shawnee 
                National Forest.
            (4) Withdrawal.--Subject to valid existing rights, all 
        Federal land within the Special Management Areas, including any 
        land or interest in land that is acquired by the United States 
        within the Special Management Areas after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, is withdrawn from--
                    (A) entry, appropriation, or disposal under the 
                public land laws;
                    (B) location, entry, and patent under the mining 
                laws; and
                    (C) operation of the mineral leasing, mineral 
                materials, and geothermal leasing laws.
            (5) Maps and legal descriptions.--As soon as practicable 
        after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
        transmit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
        the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House 
        of Representatives the maps and legal descriptions of each of 
        the Special Management Areas filed under subsection (e)(1).
            (6) Public information.--Annually, the Secretary shall make 
        publicly available on the website of the Shawnee National 
        Forest information describing the progress in achieving the 
        management objectives described in this subsection.
    (e) Map and Legal Description.--
            (1) In general.--As soon as practicable after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall file with the 
        Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
        and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
        Representatives a map and legal description that contains maps 
        and boundary descriptions of--
                    (A) the Camp Hutchins Wilderness; and
                    (B) each of the Special Management Areas.
            (2) Effect.--The map and legal description filed under 
        paragraph (1) shall have the same force and effect as if 
        included in this Act, except that the Secretary may correct 
        clerical and typographical errors in the map and legal 
        description.
            (3) Availability.--The map and legal description filed 
        under paragraph (1) shall be on file and available for public 
        inspection in the appropriate office of the Secretary and on 
        the Forest Service website.

SEC. 8407. PATRICK LEAHY WILDERNESS.

    (a) Designation of Patrick Leahy Wilderness.--
            (1) Vermont wilderness act of 1984 amendment.--Section 
        102(1) of the Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984 (16 U.S.C. 1132 
        note; Public Law 98-322; 98 Stat. 254) is amended by striking 
        ``known as the Breadloaf Wilderness'' and inserting ``known as 
        the `Patrick Leahy Wilderness'''.
            (2) New england wilderness act of 2006 amendment.--Section 
        211(3) of the New England Wilderness Act of 2006 (16 U.S.C. 
        1132 note; Public Law 109-382; 120 Stat. 2675) is amended by 
        striking ``known as the `Breadloaf Wilderness''' and inserting 
        ``known as the `Patrick Leahy Wilderness'''.
    (b) References.--Any reference in any law, map, regulation, order, 
document, paper, or other record of the United States to the Breadloaf 
Wilderness shall be deemed to be a reference to the ``Patrick Leahy 
Wilderness''.

SEC. 8408. BLACK RIVER STATE FOREST RELEASE OF REVERSIONARY INTEREST.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Deli, inc..--The term ``Deli, Inc.'' means Deli, Inc., 
        a sphagnum moss production business located in Millston, 
        Wisconsin.
            (2) Deli land.--The term ``Deli land'' means the 
        approximately 37.27 acres of land owned or optioned to acquire, 
        subject to the approval of the land exchange by the Wisconsin 
        Department of Natural Resources, the Wisconsin Natural 
        Resources Board, and the Governor of Wisconsin, in 2 separate 
        parcels, by Deli, Inc., and located in Millston, Wisconsin, as 
        depicted on the map and as described as follows:
                    (A) A parcel of real property containing 
                approximately 31.3 acres (which includes land within 
                the road right-of-way), together with any 
                improvements--
                            (i) comprising the NE\1/4\NE\1/4\ sec. 29, 
                        T. 20 N., R. 2 W., Town of Millston, Jackson 
                        County, Wisconsin;
                            (ii) excluding--
                                    (I) land lying north of the 
                                railroad right-of-way; and
                                    (II) a parcel 150 feet wide, with 
                                50 feet lying to the northeast, and 100 
                                feet to the southwest, of a line 
                                commencing at a point 5 feet east of 
                                the northwest corner of the quarter-
                                quarter section described in clause 
                                (i), thence south 56 east 39' a 
                                distance of 222 feet, thence south 57 
                                east 31' a distance of 1359 feet; and
                            (iii) subject to--
                                    (I) any public water use or 
                                easements on Lee Lake; and
                                    (II) any easements or restrictions 
                                of record, public roadways, zoning and 
                                use ordinances, and the railroad right-
                                of-way.
                    (B) A parcel of real property containing 
                approximately 5.97 acres located in the SW\1/4\SW\1/4\ 
                sec. 20, T. 20 N., R. 4 W., Town of Millston, Jackson 
                County, Wisconsin, comprising lot 7 of Certified Survey 
                Map No. 4483, as recorded in volume 19S of the 
                certified survey maps, page 334, as Document No. 413440 
                in the Jackson County Register of Deeds.
            (3) Map.--The term ``map'' means the map entitled ``Black 
        River State Forest - Deli, Inc.'' and dated June 26, 2023.
            (4) State.--The term ``State'' means the State of 
        Wisconsin.
            (5) State forest land.--The term ``State forest land'' 
        means the approximately 31.83 acres of land located in the 
        Black River State Forest in Millston, Wisconsin, as depicted on 
        the map and as described as follows:
                    (A) A parcel containing 23.13 acres--
                            (i) comprising the portion of the E\1/
                        2\SE\1/4\ sec. 20, T. 20 N., R. 2. W., Town of 
                        Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin, lying 
                        south of the Interstate Highway 94 southern 
                        right-of-way; and
                            (ii) excluding a triangular parcel in the 
                        southwest corner described as commencing at the 
                        southwest corner, thence east 260 feet, thence 
                        northwesterly to a point on the west boundary 
                        thereof 200 feet north of the southwest corner, 
                        thence south to the place of beginning.
                    (B) A parcel containing 8.70 acres comprising the 
                portion of the NE\1/4\NE\1/4\ sec. 29, T. 20 N., R. 2. 
                W., Town of Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin, lying 
                north of the railroad right-of-way, forming a 
                triangular piece and described as commencing at the 
                northeast corner of that quarter-quarter section, 
                thence west 1010 feet to the north line of the railroad 
                right-of-way, thence southeasterly along the boundary 
                of the railroad to the east line of that quarter-
                quarter section, thence north on the east line 750 feet 
                to the place of beginning.
    (b) Conditional Release.--
            (1) Findings.--Congress finds that--
                    (A) the State forest land is subject to a 
                reversionary interest of the United States pursuant to 
                section 32(c) of The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (7 
                U.S.C. 1011(c)), requiring that the State forest land 
                be used for public purposes in perpetuity; and
                    (B) the State and Deli, Inc. have agreed that the 
                State will convey the State forest land in exchange for 
                the Deli land, and the Deli land will be added to Black 
                River State Forest in the State.
            (2) Conditional release.--If the State offers in a written 
        agreement to convey the State forest land to Deli, Inc., in 
        exchange for the conveyance of the Deli land to the State--
                    (A) the reversionary interest of the United States 
                in the State forest land shall be released; and
                    (B) the Secretary shall provide, as expeditiously 
                as possible, recordable evidence of the release under 
                subparagraph (A) in the form of a quitclaim deed, which 
                shall--
                            (i) convey any interest of the United 
                        States in the State forest land without 
                        consideration; and
                            (ii) be provided to the State for recording 
                        before the exchange deeds are recorded.
            (3) Corrections.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
        State, may make any necessary corrections to the legal 
        description of the State forest land for purposes of the 
        quitclaim deed described in paragraph (2)(B).

SEC. 8409. BENTON MACKAYE NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL FEASIBILITY STUDY.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that the Benton MacKaye Trail--
            (1) is a scenic, nonmotorized trail that traverses 
        approximately 287 miles over some of the most renowned forests 
        and mountains in the States of Georgia, Tennessee, and North 
        Carolina;
            (2) showcases a wide variety of scenic views, including 
        high-elevation peaks, mature forests, and secluded waterfalls;
            (3) passes through wilderness that is rich with 
        biodiversity;
            (4) passes through 6 designated wilderness areas, the Great 
        Smoky Mountains National Park, and the Chattahoochee-Oconee, 
        Cherokee, and Nantahala National Forests;
            (5) provides a wide array of easily accessible hikes for 
        novice and intermediate hikers, as well as more challenging 
        trails for backpacking;
            (6) supports economic opportunities for numerous rural 
        communities that benefit from the visitors to the Benton 
        MacKaye Trail spending their money on accommodations, food, and 
        outdoor supplies;
            (7) runs from Springer Mountain in the State of Georgia, 
        through the State of Tennessee, and extends through the Great 
        Smoky Mountains National Park in the State of North Carolina;
            (8) is physically accessible; and
            (9) can be maintained at a minimal cost because--
                    (A) the Benton MacKaye Trail has been maintained at 
                the same length since 2005;
                    (B) 95 percent of the Benton MacKaye Trail is 
                located on Federal land; and
                    (C) the Benton MacKaye Trail has been successfully 
                constructed, maintained, and managed by the Benton 
                MacKaye Trail Association since 1980.
    (b) Feasibility Study.--Section 5(c) of the National Trails System 
Act (16 U.S.C. 1244(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(50) Benton mackaye trail.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Benton MacKaye Trail, a 
                scenic, nonmotorized trail that traverses approximately 
                287 miles in the States of Georgia, Tennessee, and 
                North Carolina.
                    ``(B) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary of 
                Agriculture, in consultation with interested 
                organizations (including the Benton MacKaye Trail 
                Association), shall complete and submit to Congress the 
                feasibility study for designating the Benton MacKaye 
                Trail as a national scenic trail.''.

                       Subtitle E--Other Matters

SEC. 8501. URBAN AND COMMUNITY FORESTRY.

    (a) In General.--Section 9 of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance 
Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2105) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), (5), and 
                (6) as subparagraphs (A), (D), (E), and (F), 
                respectively, and indenting appropriately;
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A) (as so redesignated), by striking 
                        ``residents'' and inserting ``residents 
                        because--'';
                            (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (A) 
                        (as so redesignated) the following:
                    ``(B) the maintenance and management of an urban 
                forest offers additional opportunities relating to 
                workforce development and job creation;
                    ``(C) the presence of a healthy and well-maintained 
                urban forest can support stormwater management;'';
                            (iii) in subparagraph (E) (as so 
                        redesignated)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``improving air 
                                quality,'' after ``heat island 
                                effect,''; and
                                    (II) by adding ``and'' after the 
                                semicolon at the end; and
                            (iv) in subparagraph (F) (as so 
                        redesignated), by striking ``; and'' and 
                        inserting ``, including by improving the 
                        physical and mental health of community 
                        residents;'';
                    (C) in paragraph (7), by striking ``communities.'' 
                and inserting ``communities;'';
                    (D) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph 
                (3); and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) according to research by the Forest Service, the 
        estimated value of benefits described in paragraph (2) exceeds 
        $18,000,000,000;
            ``(5) urban forest canopy cover is inequitably distributed 
        among racial groups and income levels, exacerbating disparities 
        in exposure, for example, to the urban heat island effect, and 
        increasing related health risks and financial burdens relating 
        to cooling;
            ``(6) the effects of historical discriminatory policies, 
        such as redlining, continue to have effects on urban 
        environments;
            ``(7) a recent analysis shows that--
                    ``(A) urbanized neighborhoods with mostly people of 
                color have 33 percent less tree canopy on average than 
                majority white neighborhoods; and
                    ``(B) low-income neighborhoods have 41 percent less 
                tree cover than neighborhoods with low rates of 
                poverty;
            ``(8) additional analyses of cities in the United States 
        found that--
                    ``(A) communities primarily inhabited by United 
                States-born, White populations contain more than twice 
                the urban forest canopy cover of communities primarily 
                inhabited by racial and ethnic minorities; and
                    ``(B) there were elevated land temperatures in 
                formerly redlined areas compared to their nonredlined 
                counterparts, by an average 2.6 degrees Celsius and up 
                to 7 degrees Celsius; and
            ``(9) to reduce disparities in the enjoyment of the social, 
        environmental, and economic benefits of healthy and well-
        maintained urban forests and to manage risks relating to heat 
        exposure and other urban stressors, the Federal Government 
        should accelerate actions to enhance the health and resilience 
        of urban forests, with investment in priority communities.'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the first sentence, by striking ``The 
                Secretary'' and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Assistance for states.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), 
                        in the second sentence, by striking ``In 
                        providing such assistance'' and inserting the 
                        following:
                    ``(B) Cooperation with the public.--In providing 
                assistance under subparagraph (A)''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B) (as so 
                        designated), by striking ``organizations. The 
                        Secretary'' and inserting the following: 
                        ``organizations and institutions of higher 
                        education.
                    ``(C) Direct cooperation with local governments.--
                The Secretary''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Office of urban and community forestry.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish in 
                the Forest Service an Office of Urban and Community 
                Forestry.
                    ``(B) Director.--The Chief of the Forest Service 
                shall appoint a senior official to serve as the 
                Director of the Office of Urban and Community Forestry, 
                which shall not be required to be a Senior Executive 
                Service position (as defined in section 3132(a) of 
                title 5, United States Code).
                    ``(C) Mission.--The mission of the Office of Urban 
                and Community Forestry shall be to promote the purposes 
                described in subsection (b), including administering 
                the programs and requirements described in this 
                section.
                    ``(D) Duties.--The Director of the Office of Urban 
                and Community Forestry shall be responsible for 
                carrying out the mission described in subparagraph (C), 
                including by--
                            ``(i) managing urban and community forest 
                        programs, including programs for State and 
                        local tree planting and maintenance;
                            ``(ii) engaging in stakeholder relations 
                        and developing external partnerships in support 
                        of urban and community forest programs;
                            ``(iii) identifying common State and 
                        municipal best practices for navigating local 
                        policies for urban and community forestry;
                            ``(iv) coordinating the nationwide networks 
                        of urban and community forest programs;
                            ``(v) providing strategic guidance for 
                        workforce development for urban and community 
                        forest programs and longevity of urban forests;
                            ``(vi) administering awards provided under 
                        this section;
                            ``(vii) advising the Chief of the Forest 
                        Service on urban and community forestry; and
                            ``(viii) coordinating with agencies and 
                        officials of the Department of Agriculture and 
                        the Forest Service to administer or update 
                        urban and community forest programs.'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), in the 
                first sentence, by striking ``organizations,'' and 
                inserting ``organizations and institutions of higher 
                education,'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``and determining'' and 
                        inserting ``determining''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``, and measuring and 
                        monitoring the atmospheric impacts of urban and 
                        community forests'' before the semicolon at the 
                        end;
                    (C) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (D) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) in connection with the Forest and Inventory Analysis 
        program, analyze data regarding the carbon emissions, 
        sequestration, storage, and related atmospheric impacts of 
        urban and community forests.'';
            (4) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(A)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        striking ``15'' and inserting ``16'';
                            (ii) in each of clauses (i) through (viii), 
                        by striking the comma at the end and inserting 
                        a period;
                            (iii) in clause (ix), by striking ``, and'' 
                        at the end and inserting a period; and
                            (iv) by striking clause (x) and inserting 
                        the following:
                            ``(x) 3 members who are not officers or 
                        employees of any governmental body and who have 
                        expertise and have been active in urban and 
                        community forestry, of whom--
                                    ``(I) 1 is a resident of a 
                                community with a population of less 
                                than 50,000 as of the most recent 
                                census; and
                                    ``(II) 1 is a resident of an 
                                underserved community, as determined by 
                                the Secretary, with a population of 
                                greater than 50,000 as of the most 
                                recent census.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) Meetings.--The Council shall meet not less frequently 
        than annually.'';
            (5) by striking subsection (i);
            (6) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (j);
            (7) by inserting after subsection (g) the following:
    ``(h) Microforest Funding.--
            ``(1) Amounts awarded.--Of the amount made available under 
        subsection (k) for each fiscal year, not less than $150,000, 
        but not more than 1 percent, shall be awarded for projects that 
        establish microforests and used for other expenses necessary to 
        support those microforests, as determined by the Secretary.
            ``(2) Considerations.--In selecting projects under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall give preference to eligible 
        parcels that--
                    ``(A) are underutilized, degraded, 
                deindustrialized, barren, or fractional;
                    ``(B) are located in an area where green space is 
                lacking;
                    ``(C) provide ecological benefits, including storm 
                water management, heat reduction, and wildlife habitat; 
                and
                    ``(D) are geographically, economically, and 
                ecologically diverse.
    ``(i) Waiver of Cost Share Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any non-Federal cost-share requirement 
        otherwise applicable to projects carried out under this section 
        may be waived at the discretion of the Secretary.
            ``(2) Priority.--In providing waivers under paragraph (1), 
        the Secretary shall give priority to a project carried out by a 
        nonprofit organization or an Indian Tribe (as defined in 
        section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education 
        Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)) that benefits an underserved 
        community.''; and
            (8) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--There is appropriated, out of 
        amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, 
        $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 to carry out this section, to 
        remain available until expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this section $80,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.''.
    (b) Availability of Funds.--Nothing in the amendments made by 
subsection (a) affects the availability of funds made available for the 
program under section 9(c) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act 
of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2105(c)) before the date of enactment of this Act.
    (c) Definition of Microforest.--Section 13(d) of the Cooperative 
Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2109(d)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) as 
        paragraphs (3), (1), and (4), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(2) Microforest.--The term `microforest' means a dense 
        planting of diverse, native trees and related shrubs and 
        vegetative ground covering that--
                    ``(A) is no greater than 1 acre;
                    ``(B) is suitable for local conditions; and
                    ``(C) provides ecological benefits.''.

SEC. 8502. NATIONAL FOREST FOUNDATION ACT.

    (a) Matching Funds.--Section 405(b) of the National Forest 
Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-3(b)) is amended by striking ``2023'' 
and inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 410(b) of the 
National Forest Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-8(b)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8503. CONVEYANCE OF FOREST SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE SITES.

    Section 503 of the Forest Service Facility Realignment and 
Enhancement Act of 2005 (16 U.S.C. 580d note; Public Law 109-54) is 
amended by striking subsection (f).

SEC. 8504. RURAL REVITALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES.

    Section 2371(d)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6601(d)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' 
and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8505. RESOURCE ADVISORY COMMITTEES.

    Section 205 of the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-
Determination Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 7125) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(4), by striking ``2023'' each place 
        it appears and inserting ``2029'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(6)(C), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''; and
            (3) in subsection (g)(5), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8506. RAPID OHIA DEATH.

    (a) Definition of Rapid Ohia Death.--In this section, the term 
``Rapid Ohia Death'' means the disease caused by the fungal pathogen 
known as Ceratocystis fimbriata that affects the tree of the species 
Metrosideros polymorphia.
    (b) Collaboration.--The Secretary shall collaborate with the 
Secretary of the Interior and the Governors of affected States and 
territories to address Rapid Ohia Death.
    (c) Transmission.--The Chief of the Forest Service, acting through 
the Forest Service Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, and in 
collaboration with the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the 
Director of the United States Geological Survey, shall continue to 
conduct research on Rapid Ohia Death vectors and transmission.
    (d) Ungulate Management.--The Chief of the Forest Service, acting 
through the Forest Service Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, shall 
continue to collaborate with the Secretary of the Interior, acting 
through the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 
the Governors of affected States and territories, and local 
stakeholders to manage ungulates in Rapid Ohia Death control areas on--
            (1) Federal, State, and territorial land; and
            (2) private land with the consent of private landowners.
    (e) Restoration and Research.--The Secretary, acting through the 
Chief of the Forest Service, shall continue to provide--
            (1) financial assistance, including through agreements with 
        the Secretary of the Interior--
                    (A) to prevent the spread of Rapid Ohia Death; and
                    (B) to restore the native forests of affected 
                States and territories; and
            (2) staff and necessary infrastructure funding to the 
        Forest Service Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry to conduct 
        research on Rapid Ohia Death.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--For each of fiscal years 2025 
through 2029, there is authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 to 
carry out this section, including for activities carried out by the 
Secretary, the Chief of the Forest Service, or the Secretary of the 
Interior.

SEC. 8507. CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CENTERS.

    Public Law 91-378 (16 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:

               ``TITLE III--CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CENTERS

``SEC. 301. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this title:
            ``(1) Civilian conservation center.--The term `Civilian 
        Conservation Center' means any residential workforce 
        development or training facility for underserved youth operated 
        by the Department of Agriculture or the Department of the 
        Interior.
            ``(2) Covered graduate.--The term `covered graduate' means 
        an individual who successfully completed a training program at 
        a Civilian Conservation Center.
            ``(3) Covered student.--The term `covered student' means an 
        individual who is enrolled in a training program at a Civilian 
        Conservation Center.
            ``(4) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Agriculture.

``SEC. 302. CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CENTERS WILDFIRE AND CONSERVATION 
              TRAINING PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Specialized Training Programs.--The Secretary, in 
coordination with the Secretary of Labor, shall offer at Civilian 
Conservation Centers specialized training programs focused on--
            ``(1) forestry and rangeland management;
            ``(2) wildland firefighting; or
            ``(3) any other topic relating to the mission of the Forest 
        Service or the public interest.
    ``(b) Prioritization.--The Secretary shall prioritize offering 
specialized training programs under subsection (a) at facilities 
described in section 147(d) of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity 
Act (29 U.S.C. 3197(d)).

``SEC. 303. WILDLAND FIREFIGHTING WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PILOT.

    ``(a) In General.--
            ``(1) Experiment, research, or demonstration pilots.--The 
        Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Labor, may 
        carry out experimental, research, or demonstration pilots to 
        provide career and technical curricula and course offerings to 
        advance the missions of the Department of Agriculture at 
        Civilian Conservation Centers operated by the Department of 
        Agriculture under section 147(d) of the Workforce Innovation 
        and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3197(d)).
            ``(2) Curricula and courses.--Curricula and courses 
        described in paragraph (1) include--
                    ``(A) incident management and emergency response 
                logistics;
                    ``(B) disaster response;
                    ``(C) forest products measurement;
                    ``(D) timber sale administration and preparation;
                    ``(E) heavy equipment operation;
                    ``(F) equipment and mechanical services;
                    ``(G) industrial electrical systems;
                    ``(H) machining;
                    ``(I) mill operations;
                    ``(J) forest restoration;
                    ``(K) habitat and water quality monitoring;
                    ``(L) watershed and habitat enhancement;
                    ``(M) range management;
                    ``(N) recreation access improvement;
                    ``(O) volunteer and visitor enhancement; and
                    ``(P) historic preservation.
    ``(b) Requirements.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary 
shall--
            ``(1) identify, after consulting with State governments and 
        agencies, Federal emergency management and land management 
        agencies, local communities, institutions of higher education, 
        and Indian Tribes, workforce needs in--
                    ``(A) land management agencies;
                    ``(B) forest, conservation, and recreation 
                industries; and
                    ``(C) rural communities;
            ``(2) develop marketing, recruitment, and retention 
        materials for the curricula and courses offered under 
        subsection (a); and
            ``(3) to the extent practicable, provide specialized staff 
        necessary to teach curricula and courses offered under 
        subsection (a).

``SEC. 304. WILDLAND FIREFIGHTING WORKFORCE ENHANCEMENT.

    ``(a) Recruitment Goals and Investments.--
            ``(1) Recruitment goal.--The Secretary--
                    ``(A) shall set goals of--
                            ``(i) hiring 300 covered graduates annually 
                        to contribute to wildland firefighting or other 
                        critical workforce needs within the Department 
                        of Agriculture;
                            ``(ii) a certain percentage of covered 
                        graduates annually attaining employment in 
                        wildland firefighting, natural resources, 
                        forestry, or a related field; and
                            ``(iii) a certain percentage of covered 
                        graduates annually attaining employment; and
                    ``(B) may make investments to support the 
                recruitment, training, hiring, and retention of covered 
                graduates.
            ``(2) Signing bonus.--The Secretary may provide for a 
        signing bonus to enable the successful employment and 
        transition of covered graduates, including for the purpose of 
        securing housing in rural and remote communities.
    ``(b) Direct Hire Authority.--For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal 
year thereafter, the Secretary may appoint, without regard to the 
provisions of subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5, United States 
Code, other than sections 3303 and 3328 of that title, a covered 
graduate directly to a position for which the covered graduate meets 
Office of Personnel Management qualification standards.
    ``(c) Pathways to Employment.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
appropriate career pathways are developed for covered graduates of 
Civilian Conservation Center training programs.
    ``(d) Underserved Youth Employment.--Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, the Secretary may employ covered students at regular 
rates of pay for necessary hours of work.
    ``(e) Use of Covered Students for Contracts, Agreements, and 
Grants.--To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall 
encourage the use of covered students to fulfill obligations under 
contracts, agreements, and grants relevant to the training provided at 
a Civilian Conservation Center.

``SEC. 305. WILDLAND FIREFIGHTING HOUSING PILOT PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a pilot program to 
employ covered students to improve and expand the housing stock owned 
by the Federal Government for the purpose of housing wildland 
firefighters, volunteers, partner crewmembers, interns, and other 
Federal agency employees.
    ``(b) Requirements.--In carrying out the pilot program under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) identify properties currently owned by the Federal 
        Government that would be appropriate housing for wildland 
        firefighters, volunteers, partner crewmembers, interns, and 
        other Federal agency employees;
            ``(2) identify areas where the construction of new housing 
        described in paragraph (1) would be appropriate and 
        sustainable; and
            ``(3) submit to Congress a prioritized list of projects for 
        renovation with a plan for how the Secretary will employ 
        covered students to repair, renovate, and remediate the 
        properties identified under paragraph (1).

``SEC. 306. REPORT.

    ``Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this title, 
the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, 
and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the 
House of Representatives a report--
            ``(1) describing underutilized capacity at Civilian 
        Conservation Centers, based on an assessment conducted by the 
        Secretary; and
            ``(2) identifying the investments, improvements, and 
        efficiencies necessary to utilize the full capacity of Civilian 
        Conservation Centers.

``SEC. 307. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    ``There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such 
sums as are necessary to carry out this title for each fiscal year.''.

SEC. 8508. SPECIAL USE AUTHORIZATION RENTAL FEE WAIVERS.

    Section 504(g) of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 
1976 (43 U.S.C. 1764(g)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(g) The holder'' and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(g) Rental Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--The holder''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Waiver.--The rental fee and other fees related to a 
        special use authorization for the use and occupancy of National 
        Forest System land shall be waived by the Secretary of 
        Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, 
        when equitable and in the public interest, in any of the 
        following circumstances:
                    ``(A) The holder of the special use authorization 
                is a State or local government or any agency or 
                instrumentality thereof, excluding municipal utilities 
                and cooperatives whose principal source of revenue from 
                the authorized use is customer charges.
                    ``(B) The holder of the special use authorization--
                            ``(i) is a nonprofit association or 
                        nonprofit corporation that--
                                    ``(I) is not controlled or owned by 
                                a profitmaking corporation or business 
                                enterprise; and
                                    ``(II) is engaged in public or 
                                semi-public activity to further public 
                                health, safety, or welfare; and
                            ``(ii) does not use funds derived through 
                        the special use authorization--
                                    ``(I) to increase the value of the 
                                authorized improvements owned by the 
                                holder; or
                                    ``(II) to support other activities 
                                of the holder.
                    ``(C) The holder of the special use authorization 
                is an amateur station, is an amateur operator, or 
                provides amateur radio services (as those terms are 
                defined in section 97.3 of title 47, Code of Federal 
                Regulations (or successor regulations)).
                    ``(D) Such other circumstances as the Secretary of 
                Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest 
                Service, may establish by regulation.''.

SEC. 8509. SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Forest botanical product.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``forest botanical 
                product'' means any naturally occurring mushroom, 
                fungus, flower, seed, root, bark, leaf, berry, bough, 
                bryophyte, bulb, burl, cone, epiphyte, fern, forb, 
                grass, moss, nut, pine straw, sedge, shrub, transplant, 
                tree sap, or other vegetation (or portion thereof) that 
                grows on National Forest System land.
                    (B) Exclusions.--The term ``forest botanical 
                product'' does not include trees, or portions of trees, 
                except as provided in regulations issued under section 
                339 of the Department of the Interior and Related 
                Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000 (16 U.S.C. 528 note; 
                Public Law 106-113), by the Secretary before the date 
                of enactment of this Act.
            (2) National forest system.--The term ``National Forest 
        System'' has the meaning given the term in section 11(a) of the 
        Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 
        (16 U.S.C. 1609(a)).
    (b) Recovery of Fair Market Value for Products.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of 
        the Forest Service, shall establish and carry out a program to 
        charge and collect fees under subsection (c) for forest 
        botanical products harvested on National Forest System land.
            (2) Appraisal methods; bidding procedures.--The Secretary, 
        acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall establish 
        a fee system based on fair market value for forest botanical 
        products harvested on National Forest System land.
    (c) Fees.--
            (1) Imposition and collection.--The Secretary shall charge 
        and collect fees from persons who harvest forest botanical 
        products on National Forest System land.
            (2) Amount of fee.--The fees collected under paragraph (1) 
        shall be based on the fair market value of the harvested forest 
        botanical products described in that paragraph and the costs 
        incurred by the Secretary associated with the administration of 
        the program under this section, including the costs of 
        granting, modifying, monitoring, and other environmental or 
        other analyses.
            (3) Security.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of 
        the Forest Service, may require a person assessed a fee under 
        this subsection to provide security to ensure that the 
        Secretary receives the fees imposed under this subsection from 
        the person.
    (d) Sustainable Harvest Levels for Forest Botanical Products.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of 
        the Forest Service, shall--
                    (A) conduct appropriate analyses to determine 
                whether and how the harvest of forest botanical 
                products on National Forest System land can be 
                conducted on a sustainable basis; and
                    (B) establish procedures and timeframes to monitor 
                and revise the harvest levels established for forest 
                botanical products.
            (2) Prohibition on harvest in excess of sustainable 
        levels.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest 
        Service, may not permit under the program under this section 
        the harvest of forest botanical products on National Forest 
        System land at levels in excess of the sustained yield of the 
        several products and services (as defined in section 4 of the 
        Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960 (16 U.S.C. 531)).
    (e) Waiver Authority.--
            (1) Personal use.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief 
        of the Forest Service, shall establish a personal use harvest 
        level for each forest botanical product, and the harvest of a 
        forest botanical product below that level by a person for 
        personal use shall not be subject to charges and fees under 
        subsections (b) and (c).
            (2) Other exceptions.--The Secretary, acting through the 
        Chief of the Forest Service, may also waive the application of 
        subsection (b) or (c) pursuant to such regulations as the 
        Secretary may prescribe.
    (f) Deposit and Use of Funds.--
            (1) Deposit.--Funds collected under the program in 
        accordance with subsections (b) and (c) shall be deposited into 
        a special account in the United States Treasury.
            (2) Funds available.--Funds deposited into the special 
        account in accordance with paragraph (1) shall remain available 
        until expended without further appropriation.
            (3) Authorized uses.--The funds made available under 
        paragraph (2) shall be expended at units of the National Forest 
        System in proportion to the charges and fees collected at that 
        unit under the program under this section to pay for--
                    (A) the costs of conducting inventories of forest 
                botanical products, determining sustainable levels of 
                harvest, monitoring and assessing the impacts of 
                harvest levels and methods, and for restoration 
                activities, including any necessary revegetation; and
                    (B) the costs described in subsection (c)(2).
            (4) Treatment of fees.--Funds collected under the program 
        in accordance with subsections (b) and (c) shall not be taken 
        into account for the purposes of the following laws:
                    (A) The sixth paragraph under the heading ``forest 
                service'' in the Act of May 23, 1908 (35 Stat. 260, 
                chapter 192; 16 U.S.C. 500), and section 13 of the Act 
                of March 1, 1911 (commonly known as the ``Weeks Act'') 
                (36 Stat. 963, chapter 186; 16 U.S.C. 500).
                    (B) The fourteenth paragraph under the heading 
                ``forest service'' in the Act of March 4, 1913 (37 
                Stat. 843, chapter 145; 16 U.S.C. 501).
                    (C) Section 33 of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant 
                Act (7 U.S.C. 1012).
                    (D) The Act of August 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 874, 
                chapter 876; 43 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.), and the Act of 
                May 24, 1939 (53 Stat. 753, chapter 144; 43 U.S.C. 2621 
                et seq.).
                    (E) Section 6 of the Act of June 14, 1926 (commonly 
                known as the Recreation and Public Purposes Act) (44 
                Stat. 741, chapter 578; 73 Stat. 111; 43 U.S.C. 869-4).
                    (F) Chapter 69 of title 31, United States Code.
                    (G) Section 401 of the Act of June 15, 1935 (49 
                Stat. 383, chapter 261;16 U.S.C. 715s).
                    (H) Section 100904 of title 54, United States Code.
                    (I) Any other provision of law relating to revenue 
                allocation.
    (g) Reporting Requirements.--As soon as practicable after the end 
of each fiscal year in which the Secretary collects charges and fees 
under the program in accordance with subsections (b) and (c) or expends 
funds from the special account under subsection (f), the Secretary, 
acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall submit to 
Congress a report summarizing the activities of the Secretary under the 
program under this section, including--
            (1) the funds collected under the program in accordance 
        with subsections (a) and (b);
            (2) the expenses incurred to carry out the program under 
        this section; and
            (3) the expenditures made from the special account during 
        that fiscal year.

SEC. 8510. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

    Section 7(l) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 
U.S.C. 2103c(l)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``of Vermont'' each place it appears; and
            (2) in paragraph (3)(B)(i)(II), by adding ``and'' after the 
        semicolon at the end.

                            TITLE IX--ENERGY

SEC. 9001. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 9001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8101) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (13) through (17) as 
        paragraphs (14) through (18), respectively;
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (12) the following:
            ``(13) Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions.--The term 
        `lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions' means the aggregate 
        quantity of greenhouse gas related to the full fuel lifecycle, 
        as determined under the most recent Greenhouse gases, Regulated 
        Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation model (commonly 
        referred to as the `GREET model') developed by Argonne National 
        Laboratory.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(19) Ultra-low-carbon bioethanol.--The term `ultra-low-
        carbon bioethanol' means ethanol that--
                    ``(A) has a carbon intensity of 30 kilograms of 
                carbon dioxide equivalent per MMBtu or less; and
                    ``(B) to reduce the carbon intensity of the ethanol 
                produced, uses 1 or more of--
                            ``(i) carbon capture, utilization, or 
                        sequestration;
                            ``(ii) renewable electricity;
                            ``(iii) biomass energy;
                            ``(iv) renewable natural gas thermal 
                        energy;
                            ``(v) low-carbon farming practices;
                            ``(vi) cover crops; or
                            ``(vii) any other practice recognized under 
                        the model described in paragraph (13) to reduce 
                        the carbon intensity of ethanol production.
            ``(20) Zero-carbon bioethanol.--The term `zero-carbon 
        bioethanol' means ethanol that--
                    ``(A) has a carbon intensity of 0 kilograms or less 
                of carbon dioxide equivalent per MMBtu; and
                    ``(B) to reduce the carbon intensity of the ethanol 
                produced, uses 1 or more of the practices described in 
                clauses (i) through (vii) of paragraph (19)(B).''.

SEC. 9002. BIOBASED MARKETS PROGRAM.

    Section 9002 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8102) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)(i)--
                                    (I) in subclause (II)(bb), by 
                                striking ``and'' at the end;
                                    (II) in subclause (III), by 
                                striking the period at the end and 
                                inserting ``; and''; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                                    ``(IV) on an annual basis, update 
                                the procurement requirement described 
                                in subclause (III) by increasing the 
                                number of biobased-only contracts or 
                                the volume purchased under those 
                                contracts by not less than 5 percent 
                                above the requirement applicable for 
                                the previous year.'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        clause (iii) and inserting the following:
                            ``(iii) are available only at prices that 
                        exceed the price preferences established under 
                        paragraph (3)(B)(viii) for those items.''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) Guidance.--The Secretary, in coordination 
                with the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, shall 
                issue guidance to procuring agencies to consider 
                product lifespan, savings, and efficacy when making 
                procurement decisions under this subsection.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) in clause (vii), by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end;
                                    (II) by redesignating clause (viii) 
                                as clause (ix); and
                                    (III) by inserting after clause 
                                (vii) the following:
                            ``(viii) establish price preferences for 
                        different types of biobased products; and''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) Minimum biobased content levels.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                        determine whether to increase the minimum 
                        biobased content for each designated product 
                        category by up to 5 percent by the end of the 
                        5-year period following the date of enactment 
                        of this subparagraph and every 5 years 
                        thereafter.
                            ``(ii) Notice and comment rulemaking.--The 
                        Secretary shall issue regulations in accordance 
                        with section 553 of title 5, United States 
                        Code, to carry out clause (i) and implement any 
                        increase in the minimum biobased content for a 
                        designated product category pursuant to a 
                        determination made under clause (i).'';
                    (C) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) by striking clause (ii); and
                                    (II) by redesignating clauses (iii) 
                                and (iv) as clauses (ii) and (iii), 
                                respectively;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)(i)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding 
                                subclause (I)--
                                            (aa) by inserting ``and the 
                                        Secretary'' after ``Policy''; 
                                        and
                                            (bb) by striking 
                                        ``information concerning--'' 
                                        and inserting ``a report that 
                                        describes, for the year covered 
                                        by the report--'';
                                    (II) in subclause (I), by inserting 
                                ``, including the actions taken by the 
                                procuring agency to establish and 
                                implement the biobased procurement 
                                program of the procuring agency under 
                                that paragraph'' before the semicolon;
                                    (III) in subclause (IV), by 
                                striking ``and'' at the end;
                                    (IV) in subclause (V), by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end; and
                                    (V) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                                    ``(VI)(aa) the specific categories 
                                of biobased products that are 
                                unavailable to meet the procurement 
                                needs of the procuring agency; and
                                    ``(bb) the desired performance 
                                standards and other relevant 
                                specifications for those products; and
                                    ``(VII) if applicable, the 
                                procurement requirement or updated 
                                procurement requirement established 
                                under paragraph (2)(A)(i) that the 
                                procuring agency failed to meet and 
                                reasons for the failure; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Verification.--The Office of Federal 
                Procurement Policy, in consultation with the Secretary, 
                shall annually--
                            ``(i) collect the information required to 
                        be reported under subparagraph (B) and make the 
                        information publicly available; and
                            ``(ii) verify, using the information 
                        collected under clause (i), that each procuring 
                        agency under paragraph (2)(A)(i), as 
                        applicable, has established a procurement 
                        program in accordance with subclause (I) of 
                        that paragraph.
                    ``(E) Training.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not later than 2 years 
                        after the date of enactment of this 
                        subparagraph, each procuring agency shall have 
                        completed training on biobased product 
                        purchasing for the appropriate staff of the 
                        procuring agency, including contracting 
                        officers, purchase card managers, and purchase 
                        card holders.
                            ``(ii) Materials.--The Office of Federal 
                        Procurement Policy, in cooperation with the 
                        Secretary, shall provide training materials for 
                        procuring agencies conducting training pursuant 
                        to clause (i).
                    ``(F) Federal catalog updates.--Not later than 2 
                years after the date of the enactment of this 
                subparagraph, the Administrator for Federal Procurement 
                Policy, in cooperation with the Secretary, shall--
                            ``(i) direct the Administrator of General 
                        Services to update the Federal Procurement Data 
                        System described in section 1122(a)(4) of title 
                        41, United States Code, or any successor 
                        system, to include biobased product 
                        designations;
                            ``(ii) direct that the System for Award 
                        Management collect biobased product purchasing 
                        data;
                            ``(iii) direct that Federal online 
                        procurement systems, including GSA Advantage! 
                        and FedMall, include designations for products 
                        that meet the guidelines under paragraph (3);
                            ``(iv) require, to the maximum extent 
                        practicable, that Federal online procurement 
                        systems, including GSA Advantage! and FedMall, 
                        use North American Industry Classification 
                        System codes, North American Product 
                        Classification System-based product codes, and 
                        other product codes, as determined in 
                        consultation with the Secretary, when 
                        identifying products that meet the guidelines 
                        under paragraph (3); and
                            ``(v) require agencies with online Federal 
                        sales platforms to include reporting of those 
                        purchases in their reporting on products that 
                        meet the guidelines under paragraph (3).'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(C) Review and regulations.--
                            ``(i) Review.--Not later than 180 days 
                        after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the 
                        Secretary shall conduct a review of the use of 
                        the terms `bio-attributed plastic', `bio-
                        attributed product', `biobased plastic', 
                        `biobased product', `renewable chemical', and 
                        any other similar terms, to determine--
                                    ``(I) how those terms are used on 
                                products with the label described in 
                                paragraph (1) and products without that 
                                label; and
                                    ``(II) the extent to which there is 
                                public confusion regarding the use of 
                                those terms.
                            ``(ii) Regulations.--The Secretary shall 
                        promulgate such regulations as the Secretary 
                        determines to be appropriate to ensure the 
                        integrity of the label described in paragraph 
                        (1), including regulations to define additional 
                        terms necessary to avoid or reduce public 
                        confusion relating to the label.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Public marketing and education.--The Secretary may 
        conduct outreach to educate the public on, and promote the use 
        of, biobased products, including by--
                    ``(A) conducting outreach to small businesses 
                producing biobased products that seek a label under 
                this subsection;
                    ``(B) providing information about biobased product 
                procurement preferences to State procurement agencies; 
                and
                    ``(C) establishing public-private partnerships to 
                further increase awareness and use of biobased 
                products.
            ``(6) Acceptance and use of contributions.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may establish an 
                account to accept contributions of non-Federal funds to 
                carry out public marketing and education under 
                paragraph (5).
                    ``(B) Deposit and use of contributions.--
                Contributions of non-Federal funds received to carry 
                out the activities under paragraph (5) shall--
                            ``(i) be deposited into the account 
                        established under this paragraph for those 
                        activities;
                            ``(ii) be available to, and subject to the 
                        control of, the Secretary, without further 
                        appropriation and until expended, to carry out 
                        those activities; and
                            ``(iii) supplement any funding made 
                        available under subsection (k) and allocated by 
                        the Secretary for those activities.
            ``(7) Report.--Not later than December 31, 2025, and 
        annually thereafter, the Secretary shall make publicly 
        available on the website of the Department of Agriculture and 
        submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 
        of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
        Representatives a report that includes--
                    ``(A) a list of the biobased products that were 
                authorized to use the label described in paragraph (1) 
                during the preceding fiscal year;
                    ``(B) a description of the audit and compliance 
                activities conducted under paragraph (3)(B) during the 
                preceding fiscal year, including any findings of 
                noncompliance and any actions taken by the Secretary to 
                address the noncompliance;
                    ``(C)(i) a description of the public marketing and 
                education conducted by the Secretary under paragraph 
                (5); and
                    ``(ii) a plan for conducting public marketing and 
                education under that paragraph for the following 2 
                fiscal years that is designed to increase the use of 
                the label described in paragraph (1) and the purchase 
                of biobased products; and
                    ``(D) the total amount of contributions of non-
                Federal funds accepted into the account established 
                under paragraph (6).'';
            (3) in subsection (f)(1), in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A), by striking ``The Secretary and the Secretary 
        of Commerce shall jointly'' and inserting ``The Secretary of 
        Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary, shall'';
            (4) in subsection (j)(3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in clause (v), by striking ``; and'' 
                        and inserting ``, including greenhouse gas 
                        emissions reduced and avoided;'';
                            (ii) in clause (vi), by striking the period 
                        at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(vii) identifying available industry 
                        methodologies to establish a lifecycle 
                        greenhouse gas emissions assessment methodology 
                        for biobased products.''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``this 
                subparagraph'' and inserting ``the Rural Prosperity and 
                Food Security Act of 2024 and every 5 years 
                thereafter'';
            (5) in subsection (k)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``$3,000,000 for 
                each of fiscal years 2014 through 2024'' and inserting 
                ``$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year 
                thereafter''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2019 through 
                2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''; and
            (6) in subsection (l)--
                    (A) by striking ``In this section'' and inserting 
                the following:
            ``(1) In general.--In this section''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Standard.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall use the most 
                recent version of the ASTM International Standard D6866 
                to determine the contents of biobased products.
                    ``(B) Alternative standards.--In addition to the 
                standard described in subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
                may, by notice and comment rulemaking under section 553 
                of title 5, United States Code, establish alternative 
                standards to determine the contents of biobased 
                products.''.

SEC. 9003. BIOREFINERY, RENEWABLE CHEMICAL, AND BIOBASED PRODUCT 
              MANUFACTURING ASSISTANCE.

    Section 9003 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8103) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``to assist'' and inserting ``to develop 
        advanced biofuels (which, for purposes of this section, shall 
        include ultra-low-carbon bioethanol and zero-carbon 
        bioethanol), renewable chemicals, and biobased product 
        manufacturing and assist'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``technologically new''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``end-user products'' and 
                        inserting ``end-user products, renewable 
                        chemicals, and biobased products''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) by indenting the margins of 
                                clauses (i) through (iii) 
                                appropriately;
                                    (II) in clause (ii), by striking 
                                ``or'' at the end;
                                    (III) in clause (iii), by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end and inserting 
                                ``or''; and
                                    (IV) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(iv) sustainable aviation fuel; and''; 
                        and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by indenting the margins of 
                                clauses (i) through (iii) 
                                appropriately;
                                    (II) in clause (ii), by striking 
                                ``or'' at the end;
                                    (III) in clause (iii), by striking 
                                the period at the end and inserting ``; 
                                or''; and
                                    (IV) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(iv) sustainable aviation fuel.'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Secretary shall make 
                available to eligible entities guarantees'' and 
                inserting the following: ``Subject to the availability 
                of funding, the Secretary shall make available to 
                eligible entities--
            ``(1) on a year-round basis, guarantees'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated), by 
                striking the period at the end and inserting ``, in 
                accordance with subsection (d); and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) grants, on a competitive basis, to develop and 
        construct demonstration-scale biorefineries to demonstrate the 
        commercial viability of 1 or more processes for converting 
        renewable biomass to 1 or more of the products described in 
        clauses (i) through (iv) of subsection (b)(3)(A), in accordance 
        with subsection (e).'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (C);
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and 
                        (D) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (A) (as so 
                        redesignated)--
                                    (I) by striking ``In approving a 
                                loan guarantee application'' and 
                                inserting the following:
                            ``(i) In general.--In approving an 
                        application for a loan guarantee under 
                        subsection (c)(1)''; and
                                    (II) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(ii) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the 
                        feasibility study under clause (i) for proven 
                        or otherwise commercially available 
                        technologies.''; and
                            (iv) in subparagraph (B) (as so 
                        redesignated), by striking ``loan guarantee 
                        applications'' and inserting ``applications for 
                        loan guarantees under subsection (c)(1)''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``$250,000,000'' and inserting 
                        ``$400,000,000''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``subsection (c)'' each 
                        place it appears and inserting ``subsection 
                        (c)(1)'';
            (5) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (k) and 
        moving the subsection so as to appear after subsection (j);
            (6) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Grants.--
            ``(1) Selection criteria.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In approving applications for 
                grants under subsection (c)(2), the Secretary shall 
                establish a priority scoring system that assigns 
                priority scores to each application and only approve 
                applications that exceed a specified minimum score, as 
                determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Feasibility.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In approving an 
                        application for a grant under subsection 
                        (c)(2), the Secretary shall determine the 
                        technical and economic feasibility of the 
                        project based on a feasibility study of the 
                        project described in the application conducted 
                        by an independent third party.
                            ``(ii) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the 
                        feasibility study under clause (i) for proven 
                        or otherwise commercially available 
                        technologies.
                    ``(C) Scoring system.--The priority scoring system 
                established under subparagraph (A) shall consider, with 
                respect to a project proposed in an application for a 
                grant under subsection (c)(2)--
                            ``(i) the potential market for the advanced 
                        biofuel and the byproducts produced;
                            ``(ii) the level of financial participation 
                        by the eligible entity, including support from 
                        non-Federal and private sources;
                            ``(iii) whether the eligible entity is 
                        proposing to use--
                                    ``(I) a feedstock not previously 
                                used in the production of advanced 
                                biofuels or sustainable aviation fuels; 
                                or
                                    ``(II) a feedstock, process, or 
                                technology not widely used in the 
                                production of renewable chemicals or 
                                biobased products;
                            ``(iv) whether the eligible entity is 
                        proposing to work with producer associations or 
                        cooperatives;
                            ``(v) whether the eligible entity has 
                        established that the adoption of the process 
                        proposed in the application will have a 
                        positive impact on resource conservation, 
                        public health, and the environment;
                            ``(vi) the potential for rural economic 
                        development;
                            ``(vii) whether the project can be 
                        replicated; and
                            ``(viii) scalability for commercial use.
            ``(2) Cost sharing.--
                    ``(A) Limits.--The amount of a grant awarded under 
                subsection (c)(2) shall not exceed an amount that is 30 
                percent of the cost of the project carried out using 
                the grant.
                    ``(B) Non-federal share.--The non-Federal share of 
                the cost of a project may be provided in the form of 
                cash or material, subject to the condition that the 
                material provided does not exceed 15 percent of the 
                non-Federal share.'';
            (7) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding clause 
                                (i), by inserting ``and grants'' after 
                                ``loan guarantees'';
                                    (II) in clause (iii), by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end;
                                    (III) in clause (iv), by striking 
                                the period at the end and inserting ``; 
                                and''; and
                                    (IV) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(v) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.''; 
                        and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``Of 
                        the total'' and all that follows through 
                        ``subparagraph (A)'' and inserting ``Of the 
                        total amount of funds made available for fiscal 
                        year 2025 under subparagraph (A)''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2014 through 
                2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029'';
            (8) in subsection (h)(1), by striking ``subsections (a) 
        through (e), and (g)'' and inserting ``subsections (a) through 
        (e), (g), and (k)'';
            (9) in subsection (i)(1), by striking ``subsections (a) 
        through (e) and subsection (g)'' and inserting ``subsections 
        (a) through (e), (g), and (k)''; and
            (10) in subsection (j)(1), by striking ``subsections (a) 
        through (e) and (g)'' and inserting ``subsections (a) through 
        (e), (g), and (k)''.

SEC. 9004. BIOENERGY PROGRAM FOR ADVANCED BIOFUELS.

    Section 9005(g)(2) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 8105(g)(2)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' 
and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 9005. BIODIESEL FUEL EDUCATION PROGRAM.

    Section 9006(d) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 8106(d)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' 
and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 9006. RURAL ENERGY FOR AMERICA PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 9007 of the Farm Security and Rural 
Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8107) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Energy 
                Audits and Renewable Energy'' and inserting 
                ``Project'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and 
                        (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and 
                        indenting appropriately;
                            (ii) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as 
                        so redesignated), by striking ``provide 
                        assistance'' and inserting the following: 
                        ``provide--
                    ``(A) assistance'';
                            (iii) in subparagraph (A)(ii) (as so 
                        redesignated), by striking the period at the 
                        end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) technical assistance to agricultural 
                producers and rural small businesses to apply for 
                financial assistance under subsection (c).'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as 
                        subparagraph (F); and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (D) 
                        the following:
                    ``(E) an agricultural producer cooperative; and'';
                    (D) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``audits and'' and inserting ``audits, relevant 
                        technical assistance, and'';
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) 
                        through (F) as clauses (i) through (vi), 
                        respectively, and indenting appropriately; and
                            (iii) by striking the paragraph designation 
                        and heading and all that follows through ``In 
                        reviewing applications'' in the matter 
                        preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated) and 
                        inserting the following:
            ``(3) Application and selection criteria.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall use a single 
                application for grants under this subsection for 1 or 
                more of the activities described in paragraph (4).
                    ``(B) Selection criteria.--In reviewing 
                applications''; and
                    (E) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by redesignating 
                        clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and 
                        (II), respectively, and indenting 
                        appropriately;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and 
                        (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and 
                        indenting appropriately;
                            (iii) in the matter preceding clause (i) 
                        (as so redesignated), by striking ``funds to 
                        assist'' and inserting the following: ``funds--
                    ``(A) to assist'';
                            (iv) in subparagraph (A)(ii) (as so 
                        redesignated)--
                                    (I) in subclause (I) (as so 
                                redesignated), by striking ``and'' at 
                                the end;
                                    (II) in subclause (II) (as so 
                                redesignated), by striking the period 
                                at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                                    ``(III) to apply for assistance 
                                under subsection (c); and''; and
                            (v) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) to provide training for individuals to 
                perform the activities described in subparagraph 
                (A).'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A)(i)(II), by inserting ``that 
                result in a significant reduction in lifecycle 
                greenhouse gas emissions'' after ``improvements'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``25'' 
                        and inserting ``50'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``$25,000,000'' and inserting ``$50,000,000''; 
                        and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``subsection (f)'' and inserting ``subsection 
                        (g)''; and
                    (C) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(4) Application process.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For projects carried out using 
                assistance under this subsection, the Secretary shall 
                establish an application, evaluation, and oversight 
                process that is--
                            ``(i) the most simplified for projects for 
                        which the cost of the activity funded under 
                        this subsection is less than $50,000; and
                            ``(ii) more comprehensive for projects for 
                        which the cost of the activity funded under 
                        this subsection is more than $50,000.
                    ``(B) Single application.--The Secretary shall use 
                a single application for assistance under this 
                subsection for agricultural producers seeking 
                assistance under clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph 
                (1)(A).'';
            (3) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), and (f) as 
        subsections (e), (f), and (g), respectively;
            (4) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Regional Demonstration Projects.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out regional 
        demonstration projects that incentivize agricultural producers 
        to reduce their carbon footprint or overall carbon equivalent 
        emissions to the maximum extent practicable through the use of 
        energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy systems.
            ``(2) Study.--The Secretary shall conduct, and make 
        publicly available on the website of the Department of 
        Agriculture a report describing the results of, a study on the 
        results of the regional demonstration projects carried out 
        under paragraph (1).'';
            (5) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking ``conducted at the'' and inserting 
                the following: ``conducted--
            ``(1) at the'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated), by 
                striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and''; 
                and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) toward limited resource producers.'';
            (6) in subsection (f) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``20'' and inserting 
                        ``25''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``subsection (f) to 
                        provide grants of $20,000'' and inserting 
                        ``subsection (g) to provide grants of 
                        $50,000'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``subsection 
                (f)'' and inserting ``subsection (g)''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Rebate pilot project.--
                    ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) Covered rebate.--The term `covered 
                        rebate' means a rebate provided by the 
                        Secretary to an eligible entity for the 
                        purchase of certain energy efficient equipment 
                        described in subsection (c)(1)(A), to be 
                        determined by the Secretary, that was made by 
                        an eligible entity--
                                    ``(I) as part of a project 
                                completed not more than 12 months 
                                before the provision of the rebate; and
                                    ``(II) to meet the immediate needs 
                                of the eligible entity, which were not 
                                anticipated while the application 
                                period for assistance under subsection 
                                (c) was open but would otherwise meet 
                                the requirements for projects eligible 
                                for assistance under that subsection.
                            ``(ii) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible 
                        entity' means any entity eligible to receive 
                        financial assistance under subsection (c).
                            ``(iii) Pilot project.--The term `pilot 
                        project' means the pilot project established 
                        under subparagraph (B).
                    ``(B) Establishment.--Using not more than 2 percent 
                of the funds made available to carry out subsection (c) 
                for each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026, the Secretary 
                shall carry out a pilot project under which the 
                Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) award covered rebates to eligible 
                        entities; and
                            ``(ii) test and evaluate a simplified 
                        application process for eligible entities to 
                        apply for those covered rebates.
                    ``(C) Notification prior to commencement.--Not 
                later than 30 days before the commencement of the pilot 
                project, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and 
                the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives a notification containing --
                            ``(i) the commencement date of the pilot 
                        project;
                            ``(ii) a detailed description of the pilot 
                        project;
                            ``(iii) a copy of the simplified 
                        application to be used under the pilot project; 
                        and
                            ``(iv) a list of the equipment for which 
                        covered rebates will be provided under the 
                        pilot project.
                    ``(D) Report.--Not later than June 30, 2027, the 
                Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee 
                on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and 
                make publicly available, a report on the pilot project, 
                which shall include--
                            ``(i) the total number of each type of 
                        equipment for which an application for a 
                        covered rebate was submitted, and the total 
                        number of each type of equipment for which a 
                        covered rebate was provided; and
                            ``(ii) the extent to which applications for 
                        covered rebates exceeded the availability of 
                        funding, if applicable.
                    ``(E) Procedures.--The administration of this 
                paragraph shall be--
                            ``(i) made without regard to chapter 35 of 
                        title 44, United States Code; and
                            ``(ii) carried out by the Secretary using 
                        the authority provided under section 808 of 
                        title 5, United States Code.''; and
            (7) in subsection (g) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
                        ``fiscal year 2014 and each fiscal year 
                        thereafter.'' and inserting ``each of fiscal 
                        years 2014 through 2024; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each 
                fiscal year thereafter.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``paragraph 
                (1), 4 percent'' and inserting ``this subsection, 5 
                percent'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2019 through 
                2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Reservation of funds.--Of the funds made available to 
        carry out this section for a fiscal year, the Secretary may 
        reserve--
                    ``(A) not more than 10 percent for awarding grants 
                under subsection (c) that support the adoption of 
                underutilized but proven commercial technologies;
                    ``(B) not more than 5 percent to carry out 
                subsection (d); and
                    ``(C) not more than 5 percent for administrative 
                costs.''.
    (b) Rescission.--The amounts made available by section 22002 of 
Public Law 117-169 (136 Stat. 2019) that are unobligated or unawarded 
as of the date of enactment of this Act are rescinded.

SEC. 9007. FEEDSTOCK FLEXIBILITY PROGRAM FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCERS.

    Section 9010(b) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 8110(b)) is amended, in paragraphs (1)(A) and (2)(A), by 
striking ``2024'' each place it appears and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 9008. BIOMASS CROP ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    Section 9011(f)(1) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 8111(f)(1)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' 
and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 9009. CARBON UTILIZATION AND BIOGAS EDUCATION PROGRAM.

    Section 9014(c) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 8115(c)) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph 
(1), by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 
2029''.

SEC. 9010. AGRIVOLTAIC SYSTEM PROJECTS.

    Title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 
U.S.C. 8101 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 9015. AGRIVOLTAIC SYSTEM PROJECTS.

    ``(a) Definition of Agrivoltaic System.--In this section, the term 
`agrivoltaic system' means a system under which solar energy production 
and agricultural production, including crop or animal production, 
occurs in an integrated manner on the same piece of land for the 
duration of the production of solar energy.
    ``(b) Outreach.--The Secretary shall ensure that outreach and 
education relating to agrivoltaic systems is conducted at the State and 
local levels for--
            ``(1) programs that provide financial assistance under 
        section 9007; and
            ``(2) applicable programs administered by the Rural 
        Utilities Service and the Rural Business-Cooperative Service.
    ``(c) Report.--Not later than December 31, 2025, and each December 
31 of the 4 years thereafter, the Secretary shall make publicly 
available a report that describes--
            ``(1) each project that incorporates an agrivoltaic system 
        carried out by recipients of a program described in paragraph 
        (1) or (2) of subsection (b) during the preceding fiscal year; 
        and
            ``(2) the total amount of funding expended on those 
        projects during the preceding fiscal year.
    ``(d) Coordination.--Not later than December 31, 2027, the 
Secretary shall coordinate with the Secretary of Energy to issue 
guidance on best practices for agrivoltaic systems, which shall 
incorporate lessons learned from the projects described in subsection 
(c)(1).''.

SEC. 9011. INDUSTRIAL HEAT PUMP PROGRAM.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a program--
            (1) to raise awareness of the use of industrial heat pumps;
            (2) to create materials for, and provide technical support 
        to, farmers, ranchers, and rural small businesses relating to--
                    (A) the use of industrial heat pumps; and
                    (B) the availability of Federal programs to assist 
                in the adoption of industrial heat pumps;
            (3) to support an improved technical understanding of the 
        opportunities for, and applications of, industrial heat pumps 
        in the agricultural experiment station network at land-grant 
        colleges and universities for the purpose of providing training 
        and assistance to State-level programs serving farmers, 
        ranchers, and rural small businesses;
            (4) to increase knowledge of industrial heat pump 
        applications and benefits for rural utilities to support 
        applications of industrial heat pumps for farmers, ranchers, 
        and rural small businesses; and
            (5) to support education on, and awareness of, industrial 
        heat pump opportunities, applications, and benefits among 
        extension specialists and extension agents.
    (b) Coordination.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary--
            (1) shall coordinate with the Administrator of the Rural 
        Utilities Service; and
            (2) may coordinate with the Secretary of Energy.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section such sums as are necessary for 
each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

                         TITLE X--HORTICULTURE

SEC. 10001. SPECIALTY CROPS MARKET NEWS ALLOCATION.

    Section 10107(b) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 1622b(b)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 10002. FOOD LOSS AND WASTE PROCESS VERIFICATION.

    Section 203(h) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 
1622(h)) is amended--
            (1) by striking the subsection designation and all that 
        follows through ``To inspect'' in paragraph (1) and inserting 
        the following:
    ``(h) To inspect'';
            (2) in the matter preceding paragraph (2), by striking 
        ``subsection.'' and inserting the following: ``subsection, and 
        subject to the following:
            ``(1) Scope of authority.--In interpreting the authority of 
        the Secretary of Agriculture under this subsection, the class, 
        quality, quantity, and condition of agricultural products that 
        the Secretary may inspect, certify, and identify shall be 
        interpreted to include process-related claims related to 
        avoided food loss and food waste achieved through the 
        production of such agricultural products.'';
            (3) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by striking the paragraph designation and all 
                that follows through ``Any'' in subparagraph (A) and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(2) Fees.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Any''; and
                    (B) by striking ``services.'' in subparagraph (A) 
                and all that follows through ``Such'' in subparagraph 
                (B) and inserting the following: ``services.
                    ``(B) Investment.--Such'';
            (4) in paragraph (3), by striking the paragraph designation 
        and all that follows through ``Any'' and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(3) Requirement.--Any'';
            (5) in paragraph (4), by striking the paragraph designation 
        and all that follows through ``Whoever'' and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(4) Penalties.--Whoever''; and
            (6) in paragraph (5), by striking the paragraph designation 
        and all that follows through ``Shell'' and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(5) Shell eggs.--Shell''.

SEC. 10003. LOCAL AGRICULTURE MARKET PROGRAM.

    Section 210A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 
1627c) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (13) as 
                paragraphs (6) through (14), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (4), the 
                following:
            ``(5) Food hub.--The term `food hub' means a business or 
        organization that actively manages the aggregation, 
        distribution, and marketing of source-identified food products 
        to multiple buyers from multiple producers, who are primarily 
        local and regional producers, to strengthen the ability of 
        those producers to satisfy local and regional wholesale, 
        retail, and institutional demands.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(4), by striking ``collaboration'' and 
        inserting ``collaboration, regional food chain coordination,'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (2); and
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as 
                paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively;
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029'';
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking subparagraph (E); 
                and
                    (C) in paragraph (6)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by redesignating clauses (vii) 
                                and (viii) as clauses (viii) and (ix), 
                                respectively; and
                                    (II) by inserting after clause (vi) 
                                the following:
                            ``(vii) a food hub;'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                    (I) in clause (i), by striking 
                                ``or'' at the end;
                                    (II) by redesignating clause (ii) 
                                as clause (iii); and
                                    (III) by inserting after clause (i) 
                                the following:
                            ``(ii) provide geographic balance, among 
                        States and within each State, relative to the 
                        benefits of the Program; or'';
                            (iii) by striking subparagraph (E);
                            (iv) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                        subparagraph (E);
                            (v) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
                        following:
                    ``(D) Simplified applications.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                        establish a simplified application form for 
                        eligible entities described in subparagraph (B) 
                        that--
                                    ``(I) request less than $100,000; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) choose from the project 
                                categories described in clause (ii), 
                                which shall include a specific, limited 
                                set of key activities with predefined 
                                requirements established by the 
                                Secretary.
                            ``(ii) Project categories.--The Secretary 
                        shall establish a simplified application form 
                        for the following project categories, but may 
                        include additional project categories as 
                        necessary:
                                    ``(I) Direct-to-consumer 
                                projects.--In the case of a direct-to-
                                consumer project, an application form 
                                described in clause (i) may be 
                                available for the following categories 
                                of projects:
                                            ``(aa) An outreach and 
                                        promotion project.
                                            ``(bb) A project to provide 
                                        funding for farmers market 
                                        manager staff time.
                                            ``(cc) A project to provide 
                                        vendor training.
                                            ``(dd) A planning and 
                                        design project.
                                            ``(ee) A data collection 
                                        and evaluation project.
                                    ``(II) Local and regional food 
                                market and enterprise projects.--In the 
                                case of a local or regional food market 
                                or enterprise project, an application 
                                form described in clause (i) may be 
                                available for the following categories 
                                of projects:
                                            ``(aa) A food hub 
                                        feasibility study project.
                                            ``(bb) A project to provide 
                                        funding for regional food chain 
                                        coordination staff time.
                                            ``(cc) A project to provide 
                                        technical assistance.
                                            ``(dd) A data collection 
                                        and evaluation project.
                                            ``(ee) A project to support 
                                        the purchase of special purpose 
                                        equipment.''; and
                            (vi) in subparagraph (E) (as so 
                        redesignated)--
                                    (I) by striking clause (ii); and
                                    (II) by striking the subparagraph 
                                designation and heading and all that 
                                follows through ``Except as provided in 
                                clause (ii), an'' in clause (i) and 
                                inserting the following:
                    ``(E) Limitation on use of funds.--An'';
            (5) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A)--
                            (i) by redesignating clauses (x) and (xi) 
                        as clauses (xi) and (xii), respectively; and
                            (ii) by inserting after clause (ix) the 
                        following:
                            ``(x) a food hub;'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) by striking ``determine the'' 
                                and inserting the following: 
                                ``determine--
                            ``(i) the geographical''; and
                                    (II) in clause (i) (as so 
                                designated), by striking ``, including 
                                goals'' and inserting the following: 
                                ``; and
                            ``(ii) goals'';
                            (ii) by striking subparagraph (B); and
                            (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) 
                        through (H) as subparagraphs (B) through (G), 
                        respectively;
            (6) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``$50,000'' 
                and inserting ``$100,000''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Stakeholder input.--In developing the simplified 
        application and reporting process under this subsection, the 
        Secretary shall engage with stakeholders to receive input on 
        how the simplified application and reporting process can be 
        streamlined for eligible entities without affecting program 
        integrity.'';
            (7) in subsection (h)(2), by striking ``this section'' and 
        inserting ``the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024''; and
            (8) in subsection (i)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``$50,000,000 for 
                fiscal year 2019'' and inserting ``$75,000,000 for 
                fiscal year 2025'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``$20,000,000 for 
                fiscal year 2019'' and inserting ``$30,000,000 for 
                fiscal year 2025''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3)(B)--
                            (i) by striking ``Of the funds'' and 
                        inserting the following:
                            ``(i) In general.--Of the funds''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) Simplified applications.--Of the 
                        funds made available for grants under 
                        subsection (d)(6) for a fiscal year, not more 
                        than 50 percent shall be used to provide grants 
                        to eligible entities that submit an application 
                        in accordance with subsection (d)(6)(D).''.

SEC. 10004. LOCAL FOOD PURCHASE ASSISTANCE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.

    Subtitle A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621 
et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 210B. LOCAL FOOD PURCHASE ASSISTANCE.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Cooperating partner.--The term `cooperating partner' 
        means any of the following entities partnering with an eligible 
        entity:
                    ``(A) A State agency.
                    ``(B) A Tribal government agency, Tribal 
                organization, or Native Hawaiian organization.
                    ``(C) A nonprofit organization engaged in food 
                distribution.
                    ``(D) Any other entity that, in the determination 
                of the Secretary, is capable of ensuring that the 
                requirements of this section are met.
            ``(2) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                    ``(A) a State agency that has demonstrated 
                partnerships with farmers and target audiences within 
                the State; and
                    ``(B) a Tribal government agency that has 
                demonstrated partnerships with farmers and target 
                audiences within the area under the jurisdiction of the 
                applicable Tribal government.
            ``(3) Indian tribe.--The term `Indian Tribe' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
            ``(4) Native Hawaiian organization.--The term `Native 
        Hawaiian organization' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 6207 of the Native Hawaiian Education Act (20 U.S.C. 
        7517).
            ``(5) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Agriculture, acting through the Administrator of the 
        Agricultural Marketing Service.
            ``(6) State.--The term `State' means--
                    ``(A) a State;
                    ``(B) the District of Columbia;
                    ``(C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and
                    ``(D) any other territory or possession of the 
                United States.
            ``(7) Target audience.--The term `target audience' means--
                    ``(A) members of food insecure communities, 
                including, as determined by the Secretary--
                            ``(i) rural, remote, and underserved 
                        communities; and
                            ``(ii) communities not normally served 
                        through traditional food distribution networks;
                    ``(B) representatives of food insecure communities;
                    ``(C) nonprofit organizations engaged in food 
                distribution to members of food insecure communities; 
                and
                    ``(D) any other appropriate individuals or 
                entities, as determined by the Secretary.
            ``(8) Tribal government.--The term `Tribal government' 
        means the governing body of an Indian Tribe, including--
                    ``(A) any applicable Tribal organization; and
                    ``(B) any agency of the governing body of an Indian 
                Tribe.
            ``(9) Tribal organization.--The term `Tribal organization' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
    ``(b) Availability and Purpose of Cooperative Agreements.--The 
Secretary shall enter into cooperative agreements with eligible 
entities--
            ``(1) for the purposes of--
                    ``(A) providing an opportunity for States and 
                Tribal governments to build capacity to support their 
                local and regional food systems;
                    ``(B) building and expanding economic opportunities 
                for small producers, local and regional producers, and 
                historically underserved producers;
                    ``(C) establishing and broadening partnerships with 
                farmers, producers, the food distribution community, 
                and local food networks, including nonprofit 
                organizations, to ensure distribution of fresh and 
                nutritious foods to target audiences;
                    ``(D) strengthening local and regional food supply 
                chains; and
                    ``(E) increasing the use of Federal funds to 
                procure local and regional food, including fresh fruits 
                and vegetables; and
            ``(2) pursuant to which the Secretary shall make awards, in 
        accordance with subsection (f), for the purposes described in 
        paragraph (1).
    ``(c) Cooperative Agreements.--
            ``(1) Duties of eligible entities.--An eligible entity 
        entering into a cooperative agreement under subsection (b) 
        shall--
                    ``(A) procure locally and regionally produced food, 
                as defined by the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) distribute food procured under this section 
                to members of food insecure communities, as determined 
                by the Secretary.
            ``(2) Limitation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may be a party 
                to--
                            ``(i) not more than 1 cooperative agreement 
                        under this section per State at any 1 time; and
                            ``(ii) not more than 1 cooperative 
                        agreement under this section per Indian Tribe 
                        at any 1 time.
                    ``(B) Coordination.--If more than 1 eligible entity 
                of the same State or Indian Tribe desires to enter into 
                a cooperative agreement under this section for a fiscal 
                year, the eligible entities shall coordinate, with 1 
                eligible entity serving as the lead agency and each 
                other eligible entity participating as a cooperating 
                partner.
                    ``(C) Clarification.--A cooperative agreement 
                entered into with an eligible entity described in 
                subsection (a)(2)(B) shall not be considered to be a 
                cooperative agreement in or relating to a State for 
                purposes of subparagraph (A)(i).
    ``(d) Applications.--
            ``(1) In general.--An eligible entity desiring to enter 
        into a cooperative agreement under this section shall submit to 
        the Secretary an application at such time, in such a manner, 
        and containing such information as the Secretary may require, 
        including--
                    ``(A) a plan to purchase and distribute locally and 
                regionally produced food as required under subsection 
                (c)(1);
                    ``(B) an assurance that the eligible entity will 
                comply with the requirements of the plan; and
                    ``(C) an assurance that Federal funds received 
                under this section shall supplement, and not supplant, 
                the expenditure of State or Tribal funds in support of 
                local and regional food production in the applicable 
                State or the area under the jurisdiction of the 
                applicable Tribal government.
            ``(2) Plan requirements.--A plan submitted by an eligible 
        entity under paragraph (1)(A) shall--
                    ``(A) identify the lead agency charged with the 
                responsibility of carrying out the plan; and
                    ``(B) indicate how funds provided pursuant to a 
                cooperative agreement under this section will be used 
                to carry out the purposes described in subsection 
                (b)(1).
            ``(3) Priority for certain applications.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In entering into cooperative 
                agreements under this section, the Secretary shall 
                prioritize applications for cooperative agreements that 
                prioritize--
                            ``(i) establishing food purchasing 
                        contracts with producers and distributors 
                        that--
                                    ``(I) grow, process, or distribute 
                                local and regional food, as defined by 
                                the Secretary; and
                                    ``(II) are, or source from--
                                            ``(aa) beginning farmers or 
                                        ranchers (as defined in section 
                                        2501(a) of the Food, 
                                        Agriculture, Conservation, and 
                                        Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 
                                        2279(a)));
                                            ``(bb) small or mid-sized 
                                        farms; or
                                            ``(cc) historically 
                                        underserved farmers, as defined 
                                        by the Secretary; and
                            ``(ii) targeting distributions of food 
                        purchased pursuant to those contracts to 
                        underserved communities, as determined by the 
                        Secretary.
                    ``(B) Consideration.--In determining whether an 
                application prioritizes targeting distributions of food 
                to underserved communities under subparagraph (A)(ii), 
                the Secretary may consider socioeconomic metrics 
                maintained by the Federal Government, including the 
                social vulnerability index and area deprivation index 
                maintained by the Department of Health and Human 
                Services.
            ``(4) Noncompetitive process.--The Secretary shall 
        establish a simplified, noncompetitive process for the 
        submission and selection of applications for establishing 
        cooperative agreements under this section.
    ``(e) Distribution of Purchased Food.--An eligible entity may 
distribute food procured pursuant to a cooperative agreement entered 
into under this section to members of food insecure communities--
            ``(1) directly; or
            ``(2) through cooperative agreements, subcontracts, or 
        subawards with 1 or more cooperating partners.
    ``(f) Awards and Distribution of Funds.--
            ``(1) Awards to state agencies.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
                noncompetitive process for determining the amount to be 
                awarded, from the amounts made available under 
                subsection (h) for a fiscal year, to eligible entities 
                described in subsection (a)(2)(A) with which the 
                Secretary has entered or plans to enter into a 
                cooperative agreement under this section.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--
                            ``(i) Correspondence to nutrition 
                        assistance needs.--To ensure that the 
                        distribution of awards under this section 
                        corresponds to the nutrition assistance needs 
                        in each State, the noncompetitive process 
                        established under subparagraph (A) shall take 
                        into consideration--
                                    ``(I) the poverty rate and 
                                unemployment levels in each State; and
                                    ``(II) other socioeconomic metrics 
                                maintained by the Federal Government, 
                                including the social vulnerability 
                                index and area deprivation index 
                                maintained by the Department of Health 
                                and Human Services.
                            ``(ii) Consideration.--The Secretary shall 
                        take into consideration the funding formula of 
                        the emergency food assistance program 
                        established under the Emergency Food Assistance 
                        Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.) in ensuring 
                        that the noncompetitive process established 
                        under subparagraph (A) complies with the 
                        requirement described in clause (i).
            ``(2) Awards to tribal governments.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Before applying the process 
                established under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year, the 
                Secretary shall reserve 15 percent of the total amount 
                made available to carry out this section for that 
                fiscal year for making awards to eligible entities 
                described in subsection (a)(2)(B) with which the 
                Secretary has entered or plans to enter into a 
                cooperative agreement under this section.
                    ``(B) Requirement.--The Secretary shall make awards 
                to eligible entities described in subsection 
                (a)(2)(B)--
                            ``(i) through a noncompetitive process; and
                            ``(ii) at a prorated amount based on the 
                        proposals submitted by eligible entities 
                        described in that subsection.
            ``(3) Timing of distributions for initial agreements.--The 
        Secretary shall distribute funds awarded in accordance with 
        paragraphs (1) and (2) incrementally in order to ensure that 
        all interested eligible entities have an opportunity to be 
        selected for entering into a cooperative agreement and 
        receiving an award under this section.
            ``(4) Adjustments and distribution of remaining funds.--
                    ``(A) Adjustment of award amounts.--The total 
                amount of an award made or proposed to be made to an 
                eligible entity under this subsection may be amended or 
                adjusted, or additional amounts may be separately 
                awarded to that eligible entity, depending on--
                            ``(i) demand for cooperative agreements, as 
                        determined by the Secretary based on the number 
                        of applications submitted or other factors; and
                            ``(ii) the availability of funds.
                    ``(B) Post-application adjustments.--The Secretary 
                may adjust the amount of an award made or proposed to 
                be made under this section after the application period 
                has closed.
    ``(g) Term of Agreement; Completion of Projects.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2)--
                    ``(A) a cooperative agreement under this section 
                shall be for a term of not more than 2 years; and
                    ``(B) any projects carried out pursuant to that 
                cooperative agreement shall be completed by the end of 
                that term.
            ``(2) Extension.--The Secretary may, as the Secretary 
        determines to be appropriate, extend the term of a cooperative 
        agreement entered into under this section for not more than 2 
        additional years.
    ``(h) Funding.--
            ``(1) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to any 
        other amounts available to the Secretary, there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this section $40,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available 
        until expended.
            ``(2) Mandatory funding.--Out of amounts in the Treasury 
        not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the 
        Secretary to carry out this section $100,000,000 for fiscal 
        year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available 
        until expended.''.

SEC. 10005. ORGANIC MARKET DEVELOPMENT GRANT.

    Subtitle A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621 
et seq.) (as amended by section 10004) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:

``SEC. 210C. ORGANIC MARKET DEVELOPMENT GRANT.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Certified organic product.--The term `certified 
        organic product' means an agricultural product (as defined in 
        section 2103 of the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 
        U.S.C. 6502)) that is organically produced (as defined in that 
        section).
            ``(2) Eligible entity.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `eligible entity' means 
                an entity described in subparagraph (B) that--
                            ``(i) is owned and operated within--
                                    ``(I) a State;
                                    ``(II) the District of Columbia;
                                    ``(III) the Commonwealth of Puerto 
                                Rico;
                                    ``(IV) the United States Virgin 
                                Islands;
                                    ``(V) Guam;
                                    ``(VI) American Samoa;
                                    ``(VII) the Commonwealth of the 
                                Northern Mariana Islands; or
                                    ``(VIII) the jurisdiction of an 
                                Indian Tribe; and
                            ``(ii)(I) is certified in accordance with 
                        subpart E of part 205 of title 7, Code of 
                        Federal Regulations (or successor regulations); 
                        or
                            ``(II) is in transition to certification, 
                        as defined by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Entities described.--An entity referred to in 
                subparagraph (A) is--
                            ``(i) a producer, producer cooperative, or 
                        other commercial entity that produces or 
                        handles certified organic products;
                            ``(ii) a nonprofit corporation;
                            ``(iii) a trade association;
                            ``(iv) a public benefit corporation;
                            ``(v) a philanthropic organization;
                            ``(vi) a unit of Tribal, State, 
                        territorial, or local government; or
                            ``(vii) such other entity as the Secretary 
                        may designate.
                    ``(C) Exclusion.--The term `eligible entity' does 
                not include an entity described in subparagraph (B) the 
                operations of which are suspended or revoked under 
                section 205.662 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations 
                (or a successor regulation).
            ``(3) Indian tribe.--The term `Indian Tribe' has the 
        meanings given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
            ``(4) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Agriculture, acting through the Administrator of the 
        Agricultural Marketing Service.
            ``(5) Tribal government.--The term `Tribal government' 
        means the governing body of an Indian Tribe.
    ``(b) Establishment and Purpose.--The Secretary shall establish a 
program, to be known as the `Organic Market Development Grant Program', 
that--
            ``(1) increases the capacity of the domestic organic 
        product supply chain for producers, handlers, suppliers, and 
        processors of certified organic products;
            ``(2) modernizes manufacturing, tracking, storage, and 
        information technology systems specific to the purposes 
        described in this subsection, such as process control or 
        organic product ingredient tracking systems;
            ``(3) improves the capacity of eligible entities to comply 
        with applicable regulatory requirements or quality standards 
        required to access markets, such as requirements and standards 
        relating to food safety and organic product certification;
            ``(4) expands capacity for storage, processing, 
        aggregation, and distribution of certified organic products to 
        create more and better markets for producers of certified 
        organic products;
            ``(5) facilitates market development for domestically 
        produced certified organic products;
            ``(6) provides for the conduct of feasibility studies and 
        market viability assessments to inform organic transition 
        strategies and opportunities;
            ``(7) ameliorates barriers to entry to organic product 
        certification for historically underserved entities;
            ``(8) supports market and promotional activities that help 
        build commercial markets for certified organic products in the 
        United States;
            ``(9) provides technical assistance and outreach to program 
        stakeholders and participants; and
            ``(10) addresses additional barriers and bottlenecks in the 
        domestic organic product supply chain for producers, handlers, 
        suppliers, and processors of certified organic products, as 
        determined by the Secretary.
    ``(c) Grants.--For each fiscal year for which amounts are made 
available to carry out this section under subsection (k), the Secretary 
shall provide grants to support eligible entities in conducting 
activities in accordance with the purposes of the program described in 
subsection (b).
    ``(d) Applications.--
            ``(1) In general.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
        this section, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary 
        an application at such time, in such manner, and containing 
        such information as the Secretary may require.
            ``(2) Simplified process.--The Secretary shall implement a 
        simplified application and award process under this section for 
        use by any eligible entity seeking to carry out an equipment-
        only project.
            ``(3) Benefits.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), an application submitted under this 
                subsection shall include a description of the direct or 
                indirect producer or food business benefits intended by 
                the eligible entity to result from the proposed project 
                within a reasonable period of time after the receipt of 
                a grant under this section.
                    ``(B) Exception.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply 
                to any feasibility study or market viability assessment 
                conducted pursuant to this section.
            ``(4) Criteria.--The Secretary shall establish such 
        criteria for the evaluation and funding of proposed projects 
        under this section as the Secretary determines to be 
        appropriate.
            ``(5) Competitive process.--The Secretary--
                    ``(A) shall conduct a competitive process to select 
                applications submitted under this subsection;
                    ``(B) may assess and rank applications with similar 
                purposes as a group; and
                    ``(C) before accepting any application under this 
                subsection, shall make publicly available the criteria 
                to be used in evaluating the applications.
    ``(e) Project Types.--An eligible entity may use amounts received 
under this section to carry out, in accordance with such goals and 
deadlines for completion as the Secretary may establish, the following 
types of projects:
            ``(1) Market development and promotion of certified organic 
        products.
            ``(2) Certified organic product storage (including cold 
        storage), aggregation, processing, and distribution capacity 
        expansion.
            ``(3) Equipment-only.
    ``(f) Term.--Unless otherwise determined by the Secretary, a grant 
provided under this section shall have a term of not longer than 3 
years.
    ``(g) Maximum Amount.--
            ``(1) In general.--The amount of a grant provided under 
        this section for a project described in paragraph (1) or (2) of 
        subsection (e) shall be not more than $3,000,000.
            ``(2) Simplified equipment-only projects.--The amount of a 
        grant provided under this section for a project described in 
        subsection (e)(3) shall be not more than $100,000.
    ``(h) Matching Funds.--
            ``(1) In general.--An eligible entity that receives a grant 
        under this section to carry out a project described in 
        paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (e) shall provide a non-
        Federal share equal to not less than 50 percent of the cost of 
        the project.
            ``(2) Simplified equipment-only projects.--An eligible 
        entity that receives a grant under this section to carry out a 
        project described in subsection (e)(3) shall not be required to 
        contribute a non-Federal share to the cost of the project.
            ``(3) Rule for certain applications.--The Secretary may 
        waive or lower the non-Federal share required under this 
        subsection for small and underserved eligible entities applying 
        for a grant under this section.
    ``(i) Awards to Multiple Entities.--The Secretary may provide a 
grant under this section to more than 1 eligible entity, as the 
Secretary determines to be appropriate.
    ``(j) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary may provide to eligible 
entities technical assistance under this section, directly or through 1 
or more cooperative agreements.
    ``(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise available, there is authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.''.

SEC. 10006. ORGANIC PRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA INITIATIVES.

    Section 7407(d) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 5925c(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) $10,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 
                2025 through 2029.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 10007. NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM.

    (a) Technical Assistance.--Section 2107 of the Organic Foods 
Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6506) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (c) through (e) as 
        subsections (d) through (f), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
    ``(c) Technical Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--As part of the national organic program 
        established under this title, the Secretary may provide 
        technical assistance, education, and outreach to--
                    ``(A) farmers on certified organic farms; and
                    ``(B) farmers who are transitioning to organic (as 
                determined by the Secretary).
            ``(2) Activities.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary may--
                    ``(A) coordinate with the heads of agencies within 
                the Department of Agriculture, including the 
                Administrator of the Farm Service Agency, the Chief of 
                the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the 
                Administrator of the Risk Management Agency, and the 
                Director of the National Institute of Food and 
                Agriculture; and
                    ``(B) enter into cooperative agreements with, or 
                provide grants to, nonprofit organizations, State 
                cooperative extension services, or other qualified 
                entities with expertise in working with organic 
                stakeholders to provide regionally-specific training, 
                education, and outreach.''.
    (b) Improvement of Organic Standards.--Section 2122 of the Organic 
Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6521) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Improvement of Organic Standards.--Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security 
Act of 2024, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a 
request for information soliciting public input on which regulations 
promulgated pursuant to this Act should be prioritized for revision.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as 
                subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively, and 
                indenting appropriately;
                    (B) by inserting before subparagraph (A) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
            ``(1) Investigations and compliance report.--''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Board recommendations report.--Not later than January 
        1, 2026, and each fiscal year thereafter through fiscal year 
        2029, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
        Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and 
        make publicly available on the website of the Department of 
        Agriculture, a report--
                    ``(A) listing all recommendations received by the 
                Secretary, acting through the Deputy Administrator of 
                the national organic program, under section 2119(k);
                    ``(B) describing all regulatory and administrative 
                actions taken to implement those recommendations, 
                including the status of each recommendation at the time 
                of the report; and
                    ``(C) any relevant justifications from the 
                Secretary, acting through the Deputy Administrator of 
                the national organic program or the Administrator of 
                the Agricultural Marketing Service, for the 
                implementation status of those recommendations, 
                particularly for recommendations not yet acted on by 
                the Secretary, acting through the Deputy Administrator 
                of the national organic program.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Government Accountability Office Report on Organic 
Rulemaking.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the 
Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Comptroller General 
of the United States shall--
            ``(1) conduct a study on the efforts of the Secretary, 
        acting through the Deputy Administrator of the national organic 
        program, to improve organic standards, including--
                    ``(A) the recommendations received from the 
                National Organic Standards Board that were implemented 
                through rulemaking, the issuance of guidance, or other 
                administrative actions;
                    ``(B) any instances in which the Secretary, acting 
                through the Deputy Administrator of the national 
                organic program, formally declined to take action on 
                any recommendations received from the National Organic 
                Standards Board;
                    ``(C) for the 20-year period ending on that date of 
                enactment, the average length of time between--
                            ``(i) the receipt by the Secretary, acting 
                        through the Deputy Administrator of the 
                        national organic program, of a recommendation 
                        from the National Organic Standards Board; and
                            ``(ii) as applicable--
                                    ``(I) the initiation of the 
                                rulemaking requested by the 
                                recommendation;
                                    ``(II) the issuance of guidance or 
                                the taking of other administrative 
                                actions based on the recommendation; or
                                    ``(III) formally declining to act 
                                on the recommendation; and
                    ``(D) for all matters identified under subparagraph 
                (B), any justifications of the Secretary, acting 
                through the Deputy Administrator of the national 
                organic program, for declining to take action on the 
                applicable recommendation; and
            ``(2) based on the results of the study conducted under 
        paragraph (1), provide recommendations on how the Secretary, 
        acting through the Deputy Administrator of the national organic 
        program, in consultation with the National Organic Standards 
        Board, can ensure that national organic program standards 
        evolve in a timely manner--
                    ``(A) to assure consumers that organically produced 
                products meet a consistent standard; and
                    ``(B) to benefit organic producers.''.
    (c) Funding.--Section 2123 of the Organic Foods Production Act of 
1990 (7 U.S.C. 6522) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) National Organic Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law, in order to carry out activities under the national 
        organic program established under this title, there are 
        authorized to be appropriated--
                    ``(A) $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                    ``(B) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(C) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                    ``(D) $32,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
                    ``(E) $34,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.
            ``(2) Technical assistance.--Notwithstanding any other 
        provision of law, in order to carry out activities under 
        section 2107(c), there is authorized to be appropriated 
        $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(4), in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A), by striking ``$5,000,000 for fiscal year 2019 
        and $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2024'' and inserting 
        ``$5,000,000 for fiscal year 2019, $1,000,000 for fiscal year 
        2024, and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''.

SEC. 10008. ASSESSMENT OF NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM ENFORCEMENT 
              AUTHORITY.

    The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6501 et seq.) is 
amended by inserting after section 2120 the following:

``SEC. 2120A. ASSESSMENT OF FRAUDULENT ORGANIC CERTIFICATES.

    ``(a) Assessment.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall complete--
                    ``(A) an assessment of all fraudulent organic 
                certificates issued for a dietary supplement (as 
                defined in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
                Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321)); and
                    ``(B) an assessment of any fraudulent labels, 
                complaints, and other data considered as part of 
                drafting the assessment under subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Requirements.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall assess--
                    ``(A) the number of complaints received by the 
                Secretary, a State organic certification program, or a 
                certifying agent pertaining to--
                            ``(i) suspected fraudulent use of a label 
                        or other market information described in 
                        section 2106(a)(2); or
                            ``(ii) suspected fraudulent representations 
                        claiming that products meet organic standards 
                        established under the national organic program 
                        despite those products falling outside of the 
                        enforcement authority of the national organic 
                        program;
                    ``(B) staffing and resource needs within the 
                national organic program if the enforcement 
                responsibilities of the national organic program were 
                broadened to include the products identified under 
                paragraph (1); and
                    ``(C) any potential effects of broadening the 
                enforcement authority of the national organic program 
                on domestic organic farmers, handlers, and consumers.
    ``(b) Report.--Not later than 45 days after the date on which the 
assessment under subsection (a) is completed, the Secretary shall 
submit to Congress and make publicly available on the website of the 
Department of Agriculture a report that--
            ``(1) describes in detail the results of the assessment 
        required by subsection (a); and
            ``(2) makes recommendations to Congress based on that 
        assessment.
    ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $1,000,000 for 
the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until 
expended.''.

SEC. 10009. NATIONAL ORGANIC CERTIFICATION COST-SHARE PROGRAM.

    Section 10606 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 6523) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``$750'' and 
        inserting $1,500; and
            (2) in subsection (d)(1), by striking subparagraphs (A) 
        through (C) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) $8,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
                through 2024; and
                    ``(B) such sums as are necessary for the Secretary 
                to carry out this section for fiscal year 2025 and each 
                fiscal year thereafter.''.

SEC. 10010. FOOD SAFETY EDUCATION INITIATIVES.

    Section 10105(c) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 7655a(c)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 10011. SPECIALTY CROP BLOCK GRANTS.

    Section 101 of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 (7 
U.S.C. 1621 note; Public Law 108-465) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029'';
            (2) in subsection (i)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``in accordance with 
                        paragraph (2)''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``, by adding such 
                        unobligated or unexpended amounts to the 
                        allocation funding pool for the current or 
                        following fiscal year, as determined by the 
                        Secretary'' after ``determined by the 
                        Secretary'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``funds described in 
                        paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``such funds''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``The Secretary'' and 
                        inserting ``If funds described in paragraph (1) 
                        are distributed in the current fiscal year, the 
                        Secretary''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``this 
                subsection'' and inserting ``paragraph (2)'';
            (3) in subsection (k)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph 
                (4); and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the 
                following--
            ``(3) Consultations.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall 
        encourage State departments of agriculture to consult annually 
        with specialty crop producers and producer groups in 
        establishing programmatic and funding priorities for the fiscal 
        year.''; and
            (4) in subsection (l)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end; and
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (E) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(E) $85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 
                through 2024; and
                    ``(F) $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each 
                fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until 
                expended by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 10012. MULTIPLE CROP AND PESTICIDE USE SURVEY.

    Section 10109(c)(1) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 
(Public Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 4907; 137 Stat. 118) is amended by 
striking ``2019 and $100,000 for fiscal year 2024'' and inserting 
``2019, $100,000 for fiscal year 2024, and $500,000 for fiscal year 
2025''.

SEC. 10013. DEFINING PLANT BIOSTIMULANTS.

    Section 2 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide 
Act (7 U.S.C. 136) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (v) and inserting the following:
    ``(v) Plant Regulator.--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `plant regulator' means any 
        substance or mixture of substances intended, through 
        physiological action, for accelerating or retarding the rate of 
        growth or rate of maturation, or for otherwise altering the 
        behavior, of plants or the produce thereof.
            ``(2) Exclusions.--The term `plant regulator' does not 
        include--
                    ``(A) substances to the extent that they are 
                intended as plant nutrients, trace elements, 
                nutritional chemicals, plant inoculants, soil 
                amendments, or vitamin hormone products; or
                    ``(B) plant biostimulants that--
                            ``(i) have a low-hazard profile in relation 
                        to humans and other microorganisms, as 
                        determined by the Administrator; and
                            ``(ii)(I) are of biological origin; or
                            ``(II) include chemical compounds that are 
                        synthetically derived but are structurally 
                        similar and functionally identical to 
                        substances of biological origin.'';
            (2) in subsection (hh)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``or'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``substances.'' and inserting 
                        ``substances'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``, or'' after 
                                ``volatilization''; and
                                    (II) by striking the period at the 
                                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by inserting before the undesignated matter 
                following paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) a plant biostimulant; or
            ``(5) a nutritional chemical.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(pp) Plant Biostimulant.--The term `plant biostimulant' means any 
substance or mixture of substances that, when applied to seeds, plants, 
the rhizosphere, or soil or other growth media, acts to support the 
natural nutrition processes of a plant independently of the nutrient 
content of that substance or mixture of substances, and that thereby 
improves--
            ``(1) nutrient availability, uptake, or use efficiency;
            ``(2) tolerance to abiotic stress; or
            ``(3) consequent growth, development, quality, or yield.
    ``(qq) Nutritional Chemical.--The term `nutritional chemical' means 
any substance or mixture of substances that interacts with plant 
nutrients in a manner that improves nutrient availability or aids the 
plant in acquiring or utilizing plant nutrients.
    ``(rr) Vitamin Hormone Product.--The term `vitamin hormone product' 
means a product that--
            ``(1) consists of a mixture of plant hormones, plant 
        nutrients, plant inoculants, soil amendments, trace elements, 
        nutritional chemicals, plant biostimulants, or vitamins that is 
        intended for the improvement, maintenance, survival, health, 
        and propagation of plants;
            ``(2) is nontoxic and nonpoisonous in the undiluted 
        packaged concentrations of the product; and
            ``(3) is not intended for use on food crop sites and is 
        labeled accordingly.''.

SEC. 10014. SOIL HEALTH STUDY.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary shall conduct a study to assess the types 
of, and practices using, plant biostimulants (as defined in section 2 
of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 
136)) that best achieve the following:
            (1) Increasing organic matter content.
            (2) Reducing atmospheric volatilization.
            (3) Promotion of nutrient management practices.
            (4) Limiting or eliminating runoff or leaching of soil or 
        nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, into groundwater or 
        other water sources.
            (5) Restoring beneficial bioactivity or healthy nutrients 
        to the soil.
            (6) Aiding in carbon sequestration, nutrient use 
        efficiency, and other climate-related benefits.
            (7) Supporting innovative approaches to improving 
        agricultural sustainability, including the adoption of 
        performance-based outcome standards and criteria.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date on which funds 
are first made available for the study under subsection (a), the 
Secretary shall make publicly available and submit to the Committee on 
Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that 
describes the results of the study.

SEC. 10015. REPORT ON PLANT-INCORPORATED PROTECTANTS.

    (a) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and 
        the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
        Senate a report that identifies any potential regulatory, non-
        regulatory, and legislative recommendations, including the 
        appropriateness of any definitions for plant-incorporated 
        protectants, to ensure the efficient and appropriate review, 
        approval, and availability of plant-incorporated protectants 
        for use in agricultural and horticultural production.
            (2) Inclusions.--In compiling the report required under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall include an assessment of the 
        potential impacts of plant-incorporated protectants on--
                    (A) the environment, including nearby ecosystems 
                that may be affected by the production of plants that 
                contain plant-incorporated protectants;
                    (B) wildlife, including pollinator species; and
                    (C) human health, including potential impacts on 
                human health through food tolerances or residues of 
                plant-incorporated protectants introduced into the food 
                supply or other commercial products through processing.
    (b) Consultation.--The Secretary shall prepare the report required 
by subsection (a) in consultation with the Administrator of the 
Environmental Protection Agency, the several States, industry 
stakeholders, and such other public interest stakeholders as the 
Secretary determines necessary.
    (c) Plant-Incorporated Protectant.--For the purposes of the report 
under subsection (a), the Secretary--
            (1) shall consider ``plant-incorporated protectant'' to be 
        a pesticidal substance that is intended to be produced and used 
        in a living plant, or in the produce of a living plant, and the 
        genetic material necessary for production of such a pesticidal 
        substance, including any inert ingredient contained in the 
        applicable plant or produce; and
            (2) may modify the description of plant-incorporated 
        protectant, as appropriate.

SEC. 10016. HEMP PRODUCTION.

    (a) Definitions.--
            (1) In general.--Section 297A of the Agricultural Marketing 
        Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639o) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``delta-9'' and inserting 
                        ``total'';
                            (ii) by striking ``concentration'' and 
                        inserting ``concentration (including 
                        tetrahydrocannabinolic acid)'';
                            (iii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting ``; and'';
                            (iv) by striking ``means the plant'' and 
                        inserting the following: ``means--
                    ``(A) the plant''; and
                            (v) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) industrial hemp.'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (6) as 
                paragraphs (4) through (7), respectively; and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Industrial hemp.--The term `industrial hemp' means 
        the plant Cannabis sativa L. if the harvested material--
                    ``(A) is only--
                            ``(i) the stalks of that plant, fiber 
                        produced from those stalks, or any other 
                        manufactured product, derivative, mixture, or 
                        preparation of those stalks (except cannabinoid 
                        resin extracted from those stalks);
                            ``(ii) whole grain, oil, cake, nut, hull, 
                        or any other compound, manufactured product, 
                        derivative, mixture, or preparation of the 
                        seeds of that plant (except cannabinoid resin 
                        extracted from the seeds of that plant); or
                            ``(iii) viable seeds of that plant produced 
                        solely for production or manufacture of any 
                        material described in clause (i) or (ii); and
                    ``(B) will not be used in the manufacturing or 
                synthesis of natural or synthetic cannabinoid 
                products.''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Section 297B of the Agricultural Marketing Act 
                of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639p) is amended--
                            (i) in subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii)--
                                    (I) by striking ``delta-9'' and 
                                inserting ``total''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``concentration'' 
                                and inserting ``concentration 
                                (including tetrahydrocannabinolic 
                                acid)''; and
                            (ii) in subsection (e)(2)(A)(iii)--
                                    (I) by striking ``delta-9'' and 
                                inserting ``total''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``concentration'' 
                                and inserting ``concentration 
                                (including tetrahydrocannabinolic 
                                acid)''.
                    (B) Section 297C(a)(2)(B) of the Agricultural 
                Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639q(a)(2)(B)) is 
                amended--
                            (i) by striking ``delta-9'' and inserting 
                        ``total''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``concentration'' and 
                        inserting ``concentration (including 
                        tetrahydrocannabinolic acid)''.
    (b) Industrial Hemp.--
            (1) State and tribal plans.--Section 297B of the 
        Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639p) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) paragraph (2)(A)--
                                    (I) by redesignating clauses (ii) 
                                through (vii) as clauses (iii) through 
                                (viii), respectively;
                                    (II) by inserting after clause (i) 
                                the following:
                            ``(ii) a procedure by which a hemp producer 
                        may be licensed to produce--
                                    ``(I) only industrial hemp, in 
                                which case the industrial hemp producer 
                                shall not be required to undergo a 
                                background check to apply for the 
                                license; or
                                    ``(II) hemp for any purpose;'';
                                    (III) in clause (iii) (as so 
                                redesignated)--
                                            (aa) by inserting ``, 
                                        excluding industrial hemp,'' 
                                        after ``hemp'';
                                            (bb) by adding ``and'' 
                                        after the semicolon at the end;
                                            (cc) by striking ``(iii) a 
                                        procedure'' and inserting 
                                        ``(iii)(I) a procedure''; and
                                            (dd) by adding at the end 
                                        the following:
                            ``(II) in the case of a producer licensed 
                        to produce only industrial hemp under clause 
                        (ii)(I), a procedure for testing compliance 
                        with the definition of industrial hemp in 
                        section 297A using relaxed regulatory 
                        requirements, which may include--
                                    ``(aa) visual inspections;
                                    ``(bb) performance-based sampling 
                                methodologies;
                                    ``(cc) certified seed, if the 
                                applicable State or Indian tribe is 
                                participating in the pilot program 
                                established under paragraph (4); or
                                    ``(dd) any other similar procedure, 
                                as approved by the Secretary, when 
                                developing sampling plans for any 
                                producer that elects to be designated 
                                as a producer of only industrial hemp 
                                under clause (ii)(I);''; and
                                    (IV) in clause (viii) (as so 
                                redesignated), by striking ``(vi)'' and 
                                inserting ``(vii)''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Certified seed pilot program.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may, in up to 5 
                States or Indian tribes, establish a pilot program 
                under which the State department of agriculture of a 
                selected State, or the equivalent Tribal government 
                agency, may certify genetic purity (within the meaning 
                of the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. 1551 et seq.)) and 
                identity as to variety (as defined in section 101 of 
                that Act (7 U.S.C. 1561)) of varieties of seeds that 
                have been bred to produce plants with a total 
                tetrahydrocannabinol concentration (including 
                tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) of not more than 0.3 
                percent on a dry weight basis.
                    ``(B) Exemption.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A hemp producer that 
                        produces hemp using a variety of seed certified 
                        under subparagraph (A) in the State or on the 
                        land of the Indian tribe by which the variety 
                        of seed is certified may submit to the 
                        applicable State department of agriculture, or 
                        equivalent Tribal government agency, an 
                        application for an exemption from the testing 
                        requirements under paragraph (2)(A)(iii)(I).
                            ``(ii) Expiration.--An exemption approved 
                        under clause (i) shall expire on the date that 
                        is 3 years after the date of the approval.
                            ``(iii) Reapplication.--A hemp producer may 
                        reapply under clause (i) to be exempt under 
                        that clause after the expiration of the 
                        exemption under clause (ii).
                    ``(C) Approval.--If the State department of 
                agriculture approves an application submitted under 
                subparagraph (B)(i), the applicable hemp producer shall 
                not be subject to the testing requirements under 
                paragraph (2)(A)(iii)(I).
                    ``(D) Regulation of vendors.--Each State or Indian 
                tribe selected to participate in the pilot program 
                under this paragraph shall regulate vendors of seed 
                certified under subparagraph (A) operating in that 
                State or on the land of that Indian tribe.''; and
                    (B) in subsection (e)(3)--
                            (i) by striking subparagraph (B);
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as 
                        subparagraph (B); and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Production inconsistent with industrial hemp 
                designation.--Any person licensed to produce only 
                industrial hemp as described in subsection 
                (a)(2)(A)(ii)(I) who, with a culpable mental state 
                greater than negligence, produces a crop of hemp that 
                is inconsistent with that license shall be ineligible 
                to participate in the program established under this 
                section for a period of 5 years beginning on the date 
                of the violation, as determined by the Secretary.''.
            (2) Department of agriculture plan.--Section 297C(a)(2) of 
        the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639q(a)(2)) 
        is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (F) 
                as subparagraphs (C) through (G), respectively;
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the 
                following:
                    ``(B) a procedure by which a hemp producer may be 
                licensed to produce--
                            ``(i) only industrial hemp, in which case 
                        the industrial hemp producer shall not be 
                        required to undergo a background check to apply 
                        for the license; or
                            ``(ii) hemp for any purpose;''; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (C) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) by inserting ``, excluding industrial 
                        hemp,'' after ``hemp'';
                            (ii) by adding ``and'' after the semicolon 
                        at the end;
                            (iii) by striking ``(C) a procedure'' and 
                        inserting ``(C)(i) a procedure''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(ii) in the case of a producer licensed to 
                produce only industrial hemp under subparagraph (B)(i), 
                a procedure for testing compliance with the definition 
                of industrial hemp in section 297A using relaxed 
                regulatory requirements, which may include--
                            ``(I) visual inspections;
                            ``(II) performance-based sampling 
                        methodologies;
                            ``(III) certified seed, if the applicable 
                        State or Indian tribe is participating in the 
                        pilot program established under section 
                        297B(a)(4); or
                            ``(IV) any other similar procedure, as 
                        approved by the Secretary, when developing 
                        sampling plans for any producer that elects to 
                        be designated as a producer of only industrial 
                        hemp under subparagraph (B)(i);''.
            (3) Regulations and guidelines; effect on other law.--
        Section 297D of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 
        U.S.C. 1639r) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Effect on State or Tribal Law.--Except as provided in section 
297B, nothing in this subtitle preempts or limits any law of a State or 
Indian tribe that regulates any activity involving hemp or hemp 
products, including with respect to the production, manufacture, or 
sale of hemp or hemp products.''.

SEC. 10017. FIFRA INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.

    Section 3(c)(11)(D)(iv) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and 
Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136a(c)(11)(D)(iv)) is amended, in the matter 
preceding subclause (I), by striking ``Not later than'' and all that 
follows through ``beginning on that date'' and inserting ``Not less 
frequently than annually for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 10018. INTERSTATE MOVEMENT OUTSIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL UNITED 
              STATES.

    Section 433(c)(1) of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7753(c)(1)) 
is amended by inserting ``or interstate movement from areas outside of 
the continental United States,'' after ``United States,''.

SEC. 10019. PLANT PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER PREVENTION.

    Section 420(f) of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7721(f)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (7);
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:
            ``(6) $75,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 
        2024; and''; and
            (4) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``$75,000,000 for fiscal year 2018'' and inserting 
        ``$90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''.

SEC. 10020. AGRICULTURE QUARANTINE AND INSPECTION PROGRAM RESERVE FEE.

    Section 2509(a)(1) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990 (21 U.S.C. 136a(a)(1)) is amended by striking 
subparagraph (C) and inserting the following:
                    ``(C) to maintain a reasonable balance in the 
                Department of Agriculture accounts described in 
                paragraph (6).''.

                        TITLE XI--CROP INSURANCE

                   Subtitle A--Producer Affordability

SEC. 11101. ENHANCING SUBSIDIES FOR BEGINNING AND VETERAN FARMERS AND 
              RANCHERS.

    (a) Definitions.--
            (1) Beginning farmer or rancher.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 502(b)(3) of the Federal 
                Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(b)(3)) is amended by 
                striking ``5'' and inserting ``10''.
                    (B) Conforming amendment.--Section 522(c)(7) of the 
                Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)(7)) is 
                amended by striking subparagraph (F).
            (2) Veteran farmer or rancher.--Section 502(b)(14)(B) of 
        the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(b)(14)(B)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in clause (ii), by striking ``5 years'' and 
                inserting ``10 years''; and
                    (B) in clause (iii), by striking ``5-year'' and 
                inserting ``10-year''.
    (b) Increase in Assistance.--Section 508(e)(8) of the Federal Crop 
Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(8)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Notwithstanding'' and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding'';
            (2) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), by striking 
        ``is 10 percentage points greater than'' and inserting ``is the 
        number of percentage points specified in subparagraph (B) 
        greater than''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Percentage points adjustments.--The 
                percentage points referred to in subparagraph (A) are 
                the following:
                            ``(i) For each of the first and second 
                        reinsurance years that a beginning farmer or 
                        rancher or veteran farmer or rancher 
                        participates as a beginning farmer or rancher 
                        or veteran farmer or rancher, respectively, in 
                        the applicable policy or plan of insurance, 15 
                        percentage points.
                            ``(ii) For the third reinsurance year that 
                        a beginning farmer or rancher or veteran farmer 
                        or rancher participates as a beginning farmer 
                        or rancher or veteran farmer or rancher, 
                        respectively, in the applicable policy or plan 
                        of insurance, 13 percentage points.
                            ``(iii) For the fourth reinsurance year 
                        that a beginning farmer or rancher or veteran 
                        farmer or rancher participates as a beginning 
                        farmer or rancher or veteran farmer or rancher, 
                        respectively, in the applicable policy or plan 
                        of insurance, 11 percentage points.
                            ``(iv) For each of the fifth through tenth 
                        reinsurance years that a beginning farmer or 
                        rancher or veteran farmer or rancher 
                        participates as a beginning farmer or rancher 
                        or veteran farmer or rancher, respectively, in 
                        the applicable policy or plan of insurance, 10 
                        percentage points.''.

SEC. 11102. HIGHER AREA-BASED PREMIUM SUBSIDY OPTION.

    Section 508 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(4)(C)--
                    (A) in clause (ii), by striking ``14'' and 
                inserting ``12'';
                    (B) in clause (iii)(I), by striking ``86'' and 
                inserting ``88'';
                    (C) by redesignating clause (v) as clause (vi); and
                    (D) by inserting after clause (iv) the following:
                            ``(v) Priorities for expansion of 
                        coverage.--The Corporation shall prioritize 
                        expansion of coverage under this section or 
                        similar coverage options to crops for which, 
                        and regions of the United States in which--
                                    ``(I) insurance options are 
                                limited; and
                                    ``(II) average buy-up levels on 
                                individual insurance policies are less 
                                than 75 percent.''; and
            (2) in subsection (e)(2)(H)(i), by striking ``65'' and 
        inserting ``80''.

SEC. 11103. EXPANSION OF PERFORMANCE-BASED DISCOUNT.

    Section 508(d)(3) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1508(d)(3)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The Corporation'' and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Risk-reducing practice discount.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Beginning with the 2026 
                        reinsurance year, the Corporation may offer 
                        discounts under subparagraph (A) for practices 
                        that can be demonstrated to reduce risk, 
                        relative to other practices.
                            ``(ii) Review.--In determining practices 
                        for which to offer discounts under clause (i), 
                        the Corporation shall--
                                    ``(I) for the 2026 reinsurance 
                                year, consider precision irrigation or 
                                fertilization, crop rotations, cover 
                                crops, and any other practices 
                                determined to be appropriate by the 
                                Corporation; and
                                    ``(II) on an annual basis, seek 
                                expert opinions and consider additional 
                                practices based on new evidence.''.

SEC. 11104. HIGHER PREMIUM SUBSIDY RATES.

    (a) In General.--Section 508(e)(2) of the Federal Crop Insurance 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking ``67'' and 
        inserting ``80'';
            (2) in subparagraph (C)(i), by striking ``64'' and 
        inserting ``70'';
            (3) in subparagraph (D)(i), by striking ``59'' and 
        inserting ``62'';
            (4) in subparagraph (E)(i), by striking ``55'' and 
        inserting ``58'';
            (5) in subparagraph (F)(i), by striking ``48'' and 
        inserting ``50''; and
            (6) in subparagraph (G)(i), by striking ``38'' and 
        inserting ``40''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The higher premium subsidy rates specified in 
the amendments made by subsection (a) shall be implemented by the 
Secretary beginning with the 2024 reinsurance year.

         Subtitle B--Producer Accessibility and Representation

SEC. 11201. COMPOSITION OF FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE CORPORATION BOARD.

    Section 505 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1505) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``One 
                additional Under Secretary of Agriculture (as 
                designated by the Secretary)'' and inserting ``The 
                Under Secretary of Agriculture responsible for 
                marketing and regulatory programs'';
                    (B) in each of subparagraphs (E) and (F), by 
                striking ``One'' and inserting ``1''; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (G)--
                            (i) by striking ``Four'' and inserting 
                        ``5''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``including at least one 
                        specialty crop producer.'' and inserting the 
                        following: ``including at least--
                            ``(i) 1 specialty crop producer;
                            ``(ii) 1 producer that actively engages in 
                        both livestock production and crop production 
                        of agricultural commodities; and
                            ``(iii) 1 underserved producer.'';
            (2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Vacancies.--
            ``(1) In general.--Vacancies in the Board shall not impair 
        the power of the Board to execute the functions of the 
        Corporation, subject to the condition that there are at least 6 
        members in office.
            ``(2) Quorum.--6 of the members in office shall constitute 
        a quorum for the transaction of the business of the Board.'';
            (3) in subsection (c), by striking ``(c) The Directors'' 
        and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Compensation for Directors.--The Directors'';
            (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``(d) The manager'' and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(d) Manager of Corporation.--The manager''; and
            (5) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``The Board'' and inserting 
                        the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The Board''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Subject matter expertise.--To the maximum 
                extent practicable, the Board shall seek to include at 
                least 1 expert reviewer with subject matter expertise 
                on the policy, plan of insurance, or related material 
                being reviewed.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``five'' and inserting ``5'';
                            (ii) by striking ``one'' each place it 
                        appears and inserting ``1'';
                            (iii) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (iv) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (v) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) at least 1 person shall be a licensed 
                actuary.''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3)(A)--
                            (i) in clause (i)--
                                    (I) by striking ``one'' and 
                                inserting ``1''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``and'' at the 
                                end; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) at least 1 person shall be a 
                        licensed actuary; and''.

SEC. 11202. ENSURING ACCESS FOR PRODUCERS.

    Section 520 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1520) is 
amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``Except as'' and inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--Except as''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Access for Producers.--
            ``(1) In general.--An approved insurance provider shall--
                    ``(A) offer and market all plans of insurance for 
                all agricultural commodities in any State in which 
                actuarial documents are available and in which the 
                approved insurance provider writes an eligible crop 
                insurance or livestock price insurance contract; and
                    ``(B) shall accept and approve applications from 
                all eligible producers.
            ``(2) Cancellation.--An approved insurance provider may not 
        cancel an eligible crop insurance or livestock price insurance 
        contract held by a policyholder so long as the policyholder 
        remains an eligible producer and the approved insurance 
        provider continues to write eligible crop insurance or 
        livestock price insurance contracts within the State, except--
                    ``(A) as authorized by the Corporation; or
                    ``(B) as required by law.
            ``(3) Offering of plans.--The approved insurance provider 
        is not required to offer such plans of insurance as may be 
        approved by the Corporation under the authority of section 
        508(h), except that if the approved insurance provider chooses 
        to offer any such plan, the approved insurance provider shall--
                    ``(A) offer the plan in all approved States in 
                which the approved insurance provider writes an 
                eligible crop insurance or livestock price insurance 
                contract where such plan is made available; and
                    ``(B) comply with all provisions of this subsection 
                as to such plan.
            ``(4) Compliance.--
                    ``(A) Sanctions.--The procedural requirements and 
                sanctions prescribed in section 515(h) shall apply to 
                the prosecution of a violation of this subsection.
                    ``(B) Material breach.--Beginning with reinsurance 
                year 2026, failure of an approved insurance provider to 
                comply with this subsection may be considered a 
                material breach under the Standard Reinsurance 
                Agreement and the Livestock Price Reinsurance 
                Agreement, as determined by the Corporation.''.

SEC. 11203. IMPROVEMENTS TO WHOLE FARM AND MICRO FARM INSURANCE PLANS.

    Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) 
is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) increase participation by producers marketing 
                products direct-to-consumer in local and regional 
                markets or using farm identity-preserved marketing, 
                including by undertaking producer education on how to 
                use direct market prices.'';
            (2) in paragraph (7) (as amended by section 
        11101(a)(1)(B))--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``plan, with a 
                liability limitation of $1,500,000,'' and inserting 
                ``plan'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by striking ``may'' and inserting 
                ``shall'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``may'' and 
                inserting ``shall'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (E)--
                            (i) in clause (i), in the matter preceding 
                        subclause (I), by striking ``18 months after 
                        the date of enactment of the Agriculture 
                        Improvement Act of 2018'' and inserting ``1 
                        year after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024'';
                            (ii) in clause (ii), in the matter 
                        preceding subclause (I), by striking 
                        ``subclause'' and inserting ``clause''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) Additional review.--Not later than 
                        1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, and 
                        annually thereafter, the Corporation shall--
                                    ``(I) review any limitations on 
                                insurable revenue (including the 
                                overall limitation and limitations 
                                specific to animals, animal products, 
                                greenhouse and nursery, and 
                                aquaculture) to ensure the limitations 
                                are adequate to cover the financial 
                                risks associated with the production of 
                                high-value agricultural products; and
                                    ``(II) submit to the Committee on 
                                Agriculture of the House of 
                                Representatives and the Committee on 
                                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of 
                                the Senate a report that includes a 
                                summary of the most recent review 
                                conducted under subclause (I) and any 
                                expected changes to the policy for the 
                                following reinsurance year.
                            ``(iv) Public report.--Not later than 18 
                        months after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the 
                        Board shall make publicly available a report 
                        describing the decisions made by the Board with 
                        respect to each factor described in clause 
                        (ii).''; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) Modifications to improve effectiveness for 
                specialty crops and diversified farms.--Not later than 
                180 days after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the 
                Corporation shall implement the following modifications 
                to the plans developed under subparagraph (A) and 
                paragraph (18):
                            ``(i) Establish that appropriate income 
                        reported on Internal Revenue Service Tax Form 
                        Schedule F, or successor forms, shall be 
                        sufficient for the establishment of historical 
                        adjusted revenue, subject to the condition that 
                        insurance providers may request additional 
                        verifiable records in cases where there is 
                        documented evidence, made clear to the 
                        applicant, that farm tax records are 
                        incomplete.
                            ``(ii) Require that the adjustment of the 
                        revenue guarantee by an approved insurance 
                        provider, after the approved insurance provider 
                        accepts the revised farm operation report, is 
                        contingent on approval from the Risk Management 
                        Agency, and allow the insured an opportunity to 
                        appeal decisions to the National Appeals 
                        Division.
                            ``(iii) Presume that declines in local 
                        market price are due to unavoidable natural 
                        causes, unless the Corporation can prove the 
                        extent to which the decline in local market 
                        price is the direct result of an uninsured 
                        manmade event.
                            ``(iv) With respect to whole farm revenue 
                        protection policies, raise the limit on growth 
                        expansion for all producers to the lower of--
                                    ``(I) 100 percent of historic 
                                revenue; and
                                    ``(II) $500,000.
                            ``(v)(I) Require approved insurance 
                        providers to accept or reject applications, by 
                        written decision, within 75 days of receipt of 
                        the application, with failure to do so 
                        resulting in a reduction by 15 percent of the 
                        amount of the administrative and operating 
                        subsidy that the approved insurance provider 
                        receives from the Corporation for that policy.
                            ``(II) A rejection of an application shall 
                        include a written rationale with sufficient 
                        detail for the producer to understand any 
                        deficiencies in the application and how to cure 
                        those deficiencies.
                            ``(vi) Require the Risk Management Agency 
                        and approved insurance providers to treat 
                        different cultivation cycles of a single crop, 
                        such as peppers, as separate crops to recognize 
                        the difference in perils at different periods 
                        of the year for purposes of calculating the 
                        diversification premium discount.
                            ``(vii) Provide additional educational and 
                        training opportunities to approved insurance 
                        providers and insurance agents, which may 
                        include entering into agreements with 1 or more 
                        entities--
                                    ``(I) to provide technical 
                                assistance to producers interested in a 
                                whole farm revenue protection policy 
                                similar to the plan described in this 
                                paragraph;
                                    ``(II) to conduct education and 
                                outreach to agents and insurance 
                                providers for a whole farm revenue 
                                protection policy similar to the plan 
                                described in this paragraph; and
                                    ``(III) to develop best practices 
                                for underwriting.
                            ``(viii)(I) Conduct a pilot program to 
                        create a pricing library for agents and 
                        insurance providers using data from--
                                    ``(aa) the Agricultural Marketing 
                                Service;
                                    ``(bb) the noninsured crop disaster 
                                assistance program established by 
                                section 196 of the Federal Agriculture 
                                Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 
                                U.S.C. 7333);
                                    ``(cc) approved policies of the 
                                Board;
                                    ``(dd) land-grant colleges or 
                                universities and other institutions of 
                                higher education;
                                    ``(ee) grower boards or 
                                commissions; or
                                    ``(ff) other relevant sources, as 
                                determined by the Secretary.
                            ``(II) The Risk Management Agency may, as 
                        determined by the Secretary, offer the pricing 
                        library described in subclause (I) to agents 
                        and insurance providers in connection with 
                        policies other than policies developed under 
                        subparagraph (A) or paragraph (18).
                            ``(ix) Allow prices and yields used to 
                        establish coverage in other Federal crop 
                        insurance policies to be used as prices and 
                        yields for whole farm revenue protection 
                        policies.
                            ``(x) Establish a process for records and 
                        acreage reports submitted by producers for the 
                        noninsured crop assistance program under 
                        section 196 of the Federal Agriculture 
                        Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 
                        7333) to be accepted as documentation for the 
                        requisite actual production history for whole 
                        farm revenue protection policies.
                            ``(xi) Create a web-accessible tool for 
                        producers to locate agents experienced in 
                        selling a whole farm revenue protection policy.
                    ``(G) Disaster years.--The Corporation shall 
                moderate the impact of disaster years, as determined by 
                the Secretary, on historic revenue by considering--
                            ``(i) using an average of the historic and 
                        projected revenue;
                            ``(ii) counting indemnities as historic 
                        revenue for loss years;
                            ``(iii) counting payments under section 196 
                        of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and 
                        Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333) as historic 
                        revenue for loss years; and
                            ``(iv) using an assigned yield floor 
                        similar to the limitation described in section 
                        508(g)(6)(A)(i), as determined by the 
                        Secretary.
                    ``(H) Revenue guarantees.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Corporation shall 
                        carry out research and development, or offer to 
                        enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more 
                        qualified persons to carry out research and 
                        development, regarding the use of alternative 
                        records for establishing a revenue guarantee of 
                        a producer, including--
                                    ``(I) any farm loan records, 
                                including business plans or other 
                                materials, to establish expected 
                                revenue and cash flow used for a Farm 
                                Service Agency direct or guaranteed 
                                loan; and
                                    ``(II) any business plans developed 
                                in consultation with an acceptable 
                                source, as determined by the Secretary, 
                                such as an extension service, a farm 
                                business management service, a Farm 
                                Credit System institution, a community 
                                development financial institution, or a 
                                private lender.
                            ``(ii) Report.--Not later than 1 year after 
                        the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity 
                        and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation 
                        shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of 
                        the House of Representatives and the Committee 
                        on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
                        Senate a report that describes--
                                    ``(I) the results of the research 
                                and development carried out under 
                                clause (i);
                                    ``(II) any changes being 
                                implemented by the Corporation, either 
                                permanently or on a pilot basis; and
                                    ``(III) any recommendations to 
                                Congress with respect to those 
                                results.''; and
            (3) in paragraph (18), by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Continuation of plan.--The Administrator of 
                the Risk Management Agency shall continue to offer the 
                micro farm insurance plan offered pursuant to 
                subparagraph (A)(ii) in all States and counties of the 
                United States.
                    ``(E) Review of modification to improve 
                effectiveness of micro farm plan.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not later than 1 year 
                        after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the 
                        Administrator of the Risk Management Agency 
                        shall--
                                    ``(I) conduct stakeholder meetings 
                                to solicit producer and agent feedback 
                                on the performance of, challenges in 
                                purchasing and servicing, and 
                                opportunities for improving, the micro 
                                farm insurance plan offered pursuant to 
                                subparagraph (A)(ii); and
                                    ``(II) review procedure and 
                                paperwork requirements for agents and 
                                producers and make modifications, as 
                                appropriate, to decrease burdens and 
                                increase flexibility and effectiveness 
                                of that plan.
                            ``(ii) Report.--Not later than 18 months 
                        after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the 
                        Corporation shall submit to the Committee on 
                        Agriculture of the House of Representatives and 
                        the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                        Forestry of the Senate a report that 
                        describes--
                                    ``(I) any feedback received under 
                                clause (i)(I);
                                    ``(II) the results of the review 
                                carried out under clause (i)(II); and
                                    ``(III) any recommendations with 
                                respect to that feedback or those 
                                results.
                    ``(F) Modifications to improve effectiveness for 
                micro farm.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not later than 180 days 
                        after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the 
                        Corporation shall implement the following 
                        modifications to the micro farm insurance plan 
                        offered pursuant to subparagraph (A)(ii):
                                    ``(I) Allow vertically integrated 
                                operations to access coverage under a 
                                micro farm policy.
                                    ``(II) Allow producers with a micro 
                                farm policy to also purchase crop-
                                specific Federal crop insurance 
                                policies for crops insured under the 
                                micro farm policy.
                            ``(ii) Less paperwork.--Not later than 1 
                        year after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, under 
                        the micro farm insurance plan offered pursuant 
                        to subparagraph (A)(ii), the Corporation shall 
                        implement an option for producers with not more 
                        than $1,000,000 in gross revenue that requires 
                        significantly less paperwork and 
                        recordkeeping.''.

SEC. 11204. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CROPS AND COVERAGES.

    Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(20) Walnuts.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development--
                            ``(i) regarding improvements to 1 or more 
                        policies to insure walnuts, including--
                                    ``(I) coverage for shelled walnuts; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) quality issues, including 
                                revenue losses, caused by heat and 
                                other factors for both in-shell and 
                                shelled walnuts; and
                            ``(ii) to assess, by county, the difference 
                        in the rate, average yield, and coverage level 
                        of walnut policies compared to policies for 
                        other nuts in that county.
                    ``(B) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to 
                        those results.
            ``(21) Wine grapes.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding a policy 
                to insure wine grapes (including wine grapes produced 
                in the States of California, Oregon, and Washington) 
                against losses due to wildfire smoke exposure.
                    ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the 
                second sentence of section 508(a)(1) and section 
                508(a)(2), not later than 18 months after the date of 
                enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act 
                of 2024, the Corporation shall make available a policy 
                described in subparagraph (A) if the requirements of 
                section 508(h) are met with respect to that policy.
                    ``(C) Report.--If the Corporation does not offer a 
                policy described in subparagraph (A) by the date that 
                is 2 years after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the 
                Corporation shall publish a report that includes the 
                results of the research and development carried out 
                under that subparagraph.
            ``(22) Cut flowers.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding a policy 
                to insure cut flowers.
                    ``(B) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to 
                        those results.
            ``(23) Mushrooms.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding a policy 
                to insure the production of mushrooms or revenue 
                derived from the production of mushrooms.
                    ``(B) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security 
                Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report 
                that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to 
                        those results.
            ``(24) Double cropping of certain oilseed crops.--
                    ``(A) Definition of covered oilseed crops.--In this 
                paragraph, the term `covered oilseed crops' means 
                rapeseed, canola, carinata, camelina, and other oilseed 
                crops, as determined by the Corporation.
                    ``(B) Research and development.--The Corporation 
                shall carry out research and development, or offer to 
                enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more qualified 
                persons to carry out research and development, 
                regarding the inclusion of covered oilseed crops under 
                double cropping practices.
                    ``(C) Requirements.--The research under 
                subparagraph (B) shall be carried out in consultation 
                with stakeholders to evaluate--
                            ``(i) the economic and environmental 
                        benefits of incorporating covered oilseed crops 
                        into double cropping practices; and
                            ``(ii) the potential risks associated with 
                        incorporating covered oilseed crops into double 
                        cropping practices, specifically with respect 
                        to winter-planted covered oilseed crops, 
                        including risks to soil health, biodiversity, 
                        and the profitability of farming operations.
                    ``(D) Priority.--In awarding contracts under 
                subparagraph (B), the Corporation may give priority to 
                persons and institutions that--
                            ``(i) have previous research experience 
                        with covered oilseed crops; and
                            ``(ii) have access to a facility with the 
                        capacity to do the applicable research.
                    ``(E) Report.--Not later than 13 months after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (B); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to 
                        those results.
            ``(25) Alfalfa revenue insurance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding a revenue 
                crop insurance policy for alfalfa.
                    ``(B) Contents.--The research and development 
                carried out under subparagraph (A) shall include 
                research relating to--
                            ``(i) individual-based yield coverage; and
                            ``(ii) coverage against fluctuations in the 
                        price of alfalfa relative to the price expected 
                        at the beginning of the crop year using a 
                        regional alfalfa price index.
                    ``(C) Index.--The alfalfa price index for purposes 
                of the research and development under this paragraph 
                shall use--
                            ``(i) a combination of commodities traded 
                        on the futures market that provides an 
                        indication of feed market value; or
                            ``(ii) other alternatives that provide a 
                        similar indication, as determined by the 
                        Corporation.
                    ``(D) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any decisions made in connection 
                        with those results.
            ``(26) Aquaculture products.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding a policy 
                to insure aquaculture products with a market.
                    ``(B) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any decisions made in connection 
                        with those results.
            ``(27) Traditional foods.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding a policy 
                to insure traditional foods.
                    ``(B) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any decisions made in connection 
                        with those results.
            ``(28) Multiperil index.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding an index 
                insurance policy to insure crops, including specialty 
                crops, against losses due to--
                            ``(i) abnormal quantities of rainfall;
                            ``(ii) extreme heat;
                            ``(iii) wildfire;
                            ``(iv) hail;
                            ``(v) drought; and
                            ``(vi) any other severe weather or growing 
                        condition, as determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Research and development.--The research and 
                development under subparagraph (A) shall--
                            ``(i) evaluate the feasibility of 
                        developing a single index policy to insure 
                        against multiple hazards, such as drought and 
                        excessive moisture;
                            ``(ii) consider the ability to insure 
                        commodities for which--
                                    ``(I) a policy or plan of insurance 
                                does not exist; or
                                    ``(II) an existing policy or plan 
                                of insurance does not cover all 
                                counties;
                            ``(iii) study and evaluate potentially 
                        relevant data sources, such as the National 
                        Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or other 
                        federally or State-certified weather sources, 
                        public and private satellite data, and weather 
                        and climate data and models; and
                            ``(iv) consider consultation with licensed 
                        actuaries with experience in developing index 
                        policies insuring agricultural production.
                    ``(C) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to 
                        those results, including--
                                    ``(I) any challenges to developing 
                                the policy described in subparagraph 
                                (A); and
                                    ``(II) options to address those 
                                challenges.
            ``(29) Frost, freeze, or cold weather insurance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding an index-
                based policy to insure crops during the growing season 
                and prior to harvest (such as apples, blueberries, 
                cherries, citrus, melons, peaches, peppers, 
                strawberries, sugarcane, and tomatoes) against losses 
                due to a frost, freeze, or cold weather event.
                    ``(B) Research and development.--The research and 
                development under subparagraph (A) shall--
                            ``(i) evaluate the effectiveness of risk 
                        management tools, such as the use of an index, 
                        with respect to low-frequency and catastrophic 
                        loss weather events; and
                            ``(ii) if the requirements of section 
                        508(h) are met, make available a policy 
                        described in subparagraph (A) that provides 
                        protection for at least 1 of the following:
                                    ``(I) Production loss.
                                    ``(II) Revenue loss.
                    ``(C) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to 
                        those results.
            ``(30) Cover crops.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding a policy 
                to insure crops on fields that regularly use cover 
                crops.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--The research and development 
                under subparagraph (A) shall include--
                            ``(i) a review of prevented planting 
                        coverage factors and an evaluation of whether 
                        to include cover crop seed costs and costs 
                        relating to grazing in the calculation of a 
                        factor;
                            ``(ii) the extent to which cover crops 
                        reduce the risk of subsequent prevented 
                        planting;
                            ``(iii) the extent to which cover crops 
                        make crops more resilient to, or otherwise 
                        reduce the risk of, loss resulting from natural 
                        disasters such as drought;
                            ``(iv) the extent to which consistent use 
                        of cover crops, type of cover crop, cover crop 
                        management, or interactions with other 
                        practices, such as tillage or rotation, affects 
                        risk reduction;
                            ``(v) whether rotational, adaptive, or 
                        other prescribed grazing of cover crops can 
                        maintain or improve risk reduction; and
                            ``(vi) the best method to account for any 
                        reduced risk associated with using cover crops, 
                        and to provide a benefit to producers using 
                        cover crops, through practice-based rating.
                    ``(C) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall make 
                available on the website of the Corporation, and submit 
                to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a report that 
                describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to 
                        those results.
            ``(31) Organic crop insurance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding--
                            ``(i) ways to increase participation of 
                        organic producers in Federal crop insurance; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) impediments that organic producers 
                        face in participating in Federal crop 
                        insurance.
                    ``(B) Contents.--The research and development under 
                subparagraph (A) shall include research relating to, 
                with respect to organic crops--
                            ``(i) production history;
                            ``(ii) contract price addendums;
                            ``(iii) pesticide drift;
                            ``(iv) revenue history;
                            ``(v) crop termination dates, as compared 
                        with summer fallow eligibility;
                            ``(vi) the compatibility of Federal crop 
                        insurance requirements with organic standards; 
                        and
                            ``(vii) other factors, as determined by the 
                        Secretary.
                    ``(C) Regulations.--Notwithstanding the second 
                sentence of section 508(a)(1) and section 508(a)(2), 
                the Secretary shall revise applicable regulations based 
                on the findings of the research and development carried 
                out under subparagraph (A) if the results of that 
                research and development are viable.
                    ``(D) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any decisions made in connection 
                        with those results
            ``(32) Large counties.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding the 
                feasibility of dividing large counties into smaller 
                administrative units for purposes of plans of insurance 
                that trigger indemnities based on an area-wide loss.
                    ``(B) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any decisions made in connection 
                        with those results.
            ``(33) Climate-smart commodities and other ecosystem 
        services.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding a policy 
                or endorsement to insure the additional value of 
                climate-smart commodities and other commodities with 
                ecosystem markets or other value-added opportunities, 
                including consideration of 1 or more of the following 
                factors:
                            ``(i) Inability to complete climate-smart 
                        practices, such as tillage to control weeds, 
                        due to factors outside the control of a 
                        producer.
                            ``(ii) Weather-related factors affecting 
                        conservation rotation, use of a cover crop, or 
                        use of split nitrogen fertilization.
                            ``(iii) Other factors, as determined by the 
                        Secretary.
                    ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the 
                second sentence of section 508(a)(1) and section 
                508(a)(2), not later than 18 months after the date of 
                enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act 
                of 2024, the Corporation shall make available 1 or more 
                policies or endorsements described in subparagraph (A) 
                if the requirements of section 508(h) are met with 
                respect to that policy.
                    ``(C) Report.--If the Corporation does not offer a 
                policy described in subparagraph (A) by the date that 
                is 2 years after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the 
                Corporation shall publish a report that includes the 
                results of the research and development carried out 
                under that subparagraph.''.

SEC. 11205. RISK MANAGEMENT EDUCATION AND OUTREACH.

    (a) Continuing Education for Loss Adjusters.--Section 515(k)(2)(C) 
of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1515(k)(2)(C)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``including conservation'' and inserting 
        the following: ``including--
                            ``(i) conservation'';
            (2) in clause (i) (as so designated), by striking the 
        period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) policies and plans of insurance for 
                        specialty crop producers (including whole farm 
                        revenue protection policies developed under 
                        section 522(c)(7) and individual plans of 
                        insurance); and
                            ``(iii) language translation services, as 
                        appropriate.''.
    (b) Partnerships for Risk Management Development and 
Implementation.--Section 522 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 
U.S.C. 1522) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``The Corporation 
                may'' and inserting the following: ``The Corporation--
                    ``(A) shall enter into 1 or more partnerships with 
                appropriate public and private entities with 
                demonstrated capabilities--
                            ``(i) in developing and implementing risk 
                        management and marketing opportunities for 
                        underserved agricultural producers; and
                            ``(ii) in training and credentialing crop 
                        insurance agents and adjusters within 
                        underserved agricultural communities; and
                    ``(B) may''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) 
                        through (H) as clauses (i) through (viii), 
                        respectively, and indenting appropriately; and
                            (ii) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as 
                        so redesignated), by striking ``The Corporation 
                        may enter into a partnership under paragraph 
                        (2)--'' and inserting the following: ``The 
                        Corporation--
                    ``(A) shall enter into 1 or more partnerships under 
                paragraph (2)(A)--
                            ``(i) to provide strategic outreach and 
                        engage underserved agricultural populations 
                        about crop insurance;
                            ``(ii) to increase adoption of risk 
                        management tools in underserved agricultural 
                        communities; and
                            ``(iii) to increase the representation of 
                        underserved insurance agents and loss adjusters 
                        providing service to underserved communities; 
                        and
                    ``(B) may enter into 1 or more partnerships under 
                paragraph (2)(B)--''; and
            (2) in subsection (e)(2)--
                    (A) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (B) in clause (ii), by striking ``fiscal year 2019 
                and each fiscal year thereafter.'' and inserting ``for 
                each of fiscal years 2019 through 2024; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) $14,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 
                        and each fiscal year thereafter.''.
    (c) Education Assistance.--Section 524(a) of the Federal Crop 
Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1524(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``for the purpose of 
        educating agricultural producers and providing technical 
        assistance to agricultural producers'' and inserting ``for the 
        purpose of educating and providing technical assistance to 
        agricultural producers, including language translation 
        services, as appropriate,'';
            (2) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``and outreach'' and inserting ``outreach, and 
                language translation services, as appropriate,'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                            (i) in clause (ii), by adding ``and'' at 
                        the end; and
                            (ii) in clause (iii), by striking ``and'' 
                        at the end;
                    (C) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (D) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) specialty crop farmers; and
                    ``(H) approved insurance providers and agents, for 
                the purpose of facilitating the selling and servicing 
                of whole farm revenue protection policies developed 
                under section 522(c)(7).''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Report.--The Secretary shall make publicly available 
        an annual report that contains, with respect to the year 
        covered by the report--
                    ``(A) a description of the grants and funding 
                provided under this subsection; and
                    ``(B) an overview and analysis of the educational 
                activities conducted under this subsection.''.

SEC. 11206. UNDERSERVED PRODUCERS REPORT.

    Section 508(a)(7) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1508(a)(7)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``Using'' and 
        inserting ``On an annual basis, using''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (C)(i), by striking ``the review under 
        subparagraph (B), and not less frequently than once every 3 
        years thereafter'' and inserting ``an annual review under 
        subparagraph (B)''.

SEC. 11207. VOLUNTARY GOOD FARMING PRACTICES.

    Section 508(a)(3)(A)(iii) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 
U.S.C. 1508(a)(3)(A)(iii)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``including scientifically'' and inserting 
        the following: ``including--
                                    ``(I) scientifically'';
            (2) in subclause (I) (as so designated), by striking the 
        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(II) conservation practices and 
                                enhancements that are approved by--
                                            ``(aa) the Natural 
                                        Resources Conservation Service; 
                                        or
                                            ``(bb) an agricultural 
                                        expert, as determined by the 
                                        Secretary.''.

SEC. 11208. STATE COVER CROP AND SOIL HEALTH MATCHING PAYMENTS.

    The Federal Crop Insurance Act is amended by inserting after 
section 508D (7 U.S.C. 1508d) the following:

``SEC. 508E. STATE COVER CROP AND SOIL HEALTH MATCHING PAYMENTS.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Covered insurance program.--The term `covered 
        insurance program' means a policy or plan of insurance offered 
        by the Corporation.
            ``(2) Qualifying cover crop.--The term `qualifying cover 
        crop' means a crop that--
                    ``(A) is cereal or another grass, legumes, 
                brassica, nonlegume broadleaf, or any combination of 
                those crops;
                    ``(B) is planted for conservation purposes in 
                accordance with--
                            ``(i) guidance of the Natural Resources 
                        Conservation Service; or
                            ``(ii) any other expert guidance, as 
                        determined by the Secretary; and
                    ``(C) is not an insured crop.
            ``(3) Soil health conservation practice.--The term `soil 
        health conservation practice' means any in-field conservation 
        practice that improves soil health and is expected to improve 
        the long-term viability of a producer through risk reduction, 
        improved yields, reduced costs, or increased revenue through 
        ecosystem markets.
    ``(b) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--Beginning with crop year 2026, the 
        Secretary shall provide additional premium subsidies to 
        producers for each acre--
                    ``(A) in a covered insurance program, including 
                through a whole farm revenue protection policy 
                developed under section 522(c)(7), on which--
                            ``(i) a qualifying cover crop was planted--
                                    ``(I) after June 15 of the 
                                preceding calendar year; or
                                    ``(II) during the current crop 
                                year; or
                            ``(ii) a similar in-field soil health 
                        conservation practice is implemented; and
                    ``(B) that was enrolled in a qualifying cover crop 
                or similar in-field soil health conservation practice 
                program administered by a State to provide premium 
                subsidies under an agreement or memorandum of 
                understanding with the Risk Management Agency pursuant 
                to section 508(c)(8).
            ``(2) Report.--A producer that receives an additional 
        premium subsidy under paragraph (1) for a crop year shall 
        submit to the Secretary a report of acreage form for each acre 
        described in paragraph (1) with respect to that crop year.
    ``(c) Premium Subsidy Amount.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), an 
        additional premium subsidy provided to a producer under 
        subsection (b)(1) shall be--
                    ``(A) calculated on a common land unit basis or an 
                equivalent or more-precise basis; and
                    ``(B) in an amount equal to the product obtained by 
                multiplying--
                            ``(i) the number of acres of the producer 
                        for which the additional premium subsidy is 
                        provided; and
                            ``(ii) the amount of the premium subsidy 
                        provided by the State program per acre, up to 
                        $5 per acre.
            ``(2) Limitation.--An additional premium subsidy provided 
        to a producer under subsection (b)(1) for an acre described in 
        that subsection shall not exceed the amount of the premium owed 
        by the producer with respect to that acre.
            ``(3) Producer-shares.--The amount of an additional premium 
        subsidy provided to a producer under subsection (b)(1) shall be 
        modified to reflect the individual producer-share of the acres 
        covered by the subsidy.
            ``(4) Inclusion.--Participation by a producer in a State 
        program that provides premium subsidies for conservation 
        practices, including cover crops, shall not disqualify a 
        producer from receiving assistance under this section.
    ``(d) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Corporation, 
        the Secretary shall use such sums as are necessary to carry out 
        this section.
            ``(2) Technical assistance, outreach, and program 
        support.--Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1) for 
        a fiscal year, the Secretary shall use not more than $5,000,000 
        to provide technical assistance, outreach, and program support 
        with respect to this section.''.

SEC. 11209. ENTERPRISE UNITS FOR FALLOW AND CONTINUOUS PRACTICES.

    Section 508(e)(5) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1508(e)(5)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) Enterprise units for fallow and continuous 
                rotations.--Beginning with the 2026 crop year, the 
                Corporation may allow a producer to establish separate 
                enterprise units for fallow and continuous practices of 
                crops.''.

SEC. 11210. ELIGIBILITY FOR PREVENTED PLANTING INSURANCE UNDER CERTAIN 
              DROUGHT CONDITIONS.

    Section 508A(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1508a(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Waiver for certain drought conditions.--
                    ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) Covered county.--The term `covered 
                        county' means a county that experienced, in 
                        each of 3 consecutive years, in any area of the 
                        county, extreme drought (D3 or worse 
                        intensity), as measured by, and indicated in a 
                        report of, the United States Drought Monitor, 
                        that may impact the ability of a producer to 
                        plant during the normal planting period, as 
                        determined by the Secretary.
                            ``(ii) Covered rule.--The term `covered 
                        rule' means the eligibility requirement for 
                        prevented planting insurance, as described in 
                        section 17(f)(8) of the most recent version of 
                        the Common Crop Insurance Policy Basic 
                        Provisions, under which planting of a crop must 
                        have occurred once in the 4 most recent crop 
                        years preceding the current crop year (commonly 
                        referred to as the `1-in-4 rule').
                    ``(B) Waiver.--The covered rule may be waived in a 
                covered county in response to extraordinary 
                circumstances, as determined by the Secretary.''.

                Subtitle C--Agent Incentives and Options

SEC. 11301. OPTION FOR CORPORATION TO UNDERWRITE POLICIES.

    Section 508(a)(7) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1508(a)(7)) (as amended by section 11206) is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
                    ``(D) Pilot program for corporation to underwrite 
                policies.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Notwithstanding 
                        subsections (b)(4), (c)(1), and (c)(2), not 
                        later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
                        of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act 
                        of 2024, the Corporation shall establish a 
                        pilot program under which the Corporation may 
                        underwrite whole farm revenue protection, micro 
                        farm, and other policies, as determined by the 
                        Secretary.
                            ``(ii) Priorities.--In carrying out the 
                        pilot program under clause (i), the Corporation 
                        shall give priority to underserved producers, 
                        commodities, and geographic areas, including 
                        underserved producers, commodities, and 
                        geographic areas identified in the most recent 
                        report submitted under subparagraph (C)(i).
                            ``(iii) Inapplicability of sra or lpra.--A 
                        policy underwritten pursuant to the pilot 
                        program under clause (i) shall not be subject 
                        to the terms of the Standard Reinsurance 
                        Agreement or the Livestock Price Reinsurance 
                        Agreement.
                            ``(iv) A&O subsidy.--The Corporation may 
                        pay agents that sell a policy underwritten 
                        pursuant to the pilot program under clause (i) 
                        up to the total amount of the administrative 
                        and operating subsidy that the Corporation 
                        would have paid an approved insurance provider 
                        if the policy were subject to the Standard 
                        Reinsurance Agreement or the Livestock Price 
                        Reinsurance Agreement.''.

SEC. 11302. UPDATES TO ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATING SUBSIDIES.

    (a) Minimum Paid to Agency or Agents.--Section 508(a)(10) of the 
Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(10)) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
                    ``(F) Minimum administrative and operating subsidy 
                paid to agency or agents.--An approved insurance 
                provider shall pay to the agency or agent, as 
                determined by the Corporation, that sells a Federal 
                crop insurance policy not less than 80 percent but not 
                more than 100 percent of the administrative and 
                operating subsidy that the approved insurance provider 
                receives from the Corporation for that policy.''.
    (b) Area-Based Plans.--Section 508(k)(4)(F) of the Federal Crop 
Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)(4)(F)) is amended by striking ``through 
(E)'' and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting 
the following: ``through (E)--
                            ``(i) for each of the 2009 through 2025 
                        reinsurance years, the reimbursement rate for 
                        area policies and plans of insurance widely 
                        available as of the date of enactment of the 
                        Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 
                        U.S.C. 8701 et seq.) or authorized under 
                        subsection (c)(4)(C) or section 508B shall be 
                        12 percent of the premium used to define loss 
                        ratio for that reinsurance year; and
                            ``(ii) for the 2026 reinsurance year, and 
                        each reinsurance year thereafter, the 
                        reimbursement rate for area policies and plans 
                        of insurance widely available as of the date of 
                        enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                        Security Act of 2024 or authorized under 
                        subsection (c)(4)(C) or section 508B shall be 
                        17 percent of the premium used to define loss 
                        ratio for that reinsurance year.''.
    (c) Whole Farm Revenue Protection, Micro Farm, and Producers Not 
Adequately Served.--Section 508(k)(4) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1508(k)(4)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) Whole farm revenue protection and micro farm 
                agent incentives.--Beginning with the 2026 reinsurance 
                year, in the case of an agent that sells a whole farm 
                revenue or micro farm policy (or a successor policy), 
                the Corporation shall provide to the approved insurance 
                provider, to pay entirely to the agent, an additional 
                amount, determined in accordance with the following:
                            ``(i) If the maximum compensation of the 
                        agent authorized under the Standard Reinsurance 
                        Agreement, the Livestock Price Reinsurance 
                        Agreement, or a successor agreement for the 
                        policy is less than $1,000, the additional 
                        amount of agent compensation shall be equal to 
                        the difference between--
                                    ``(I) $1,000; and
                                    ``(II) the maximum amount 
                                authorized under the Standard 
                                Reinsurance Agreement, the Livestock 
                                Price Reinsurance Agreement, or a 
                                successor agreement for the policy, as 
                                applicable.
                            ``(ii) If the producer, or any entity in 
                        which the producer has an insurable interest, 
                        has never previously obtained coverage under a 
                        whole farm revenue or micro farm policy (or a 
                        successor policy), the additional amount of 
                        agent compensation shall be $300 for each whole 
                        farm revenue or micro farm policy (or successor 
                        policy), in addition to any amount authorized 
                        under clause (i).
                    ``(H) Additional agent incentives.--
                            ``(i) Definition of covered agent.--In this 
                        subparagraph, the term `covered agent' means an 
                        agent that sells a policy to--
                                    ``(I) an underserved producer; or
                                    ``(II) a producer of an 
                                agricultural commodity in a State 
                                identified as not adequately served in 
                                the most recent review required under 
                                subsection (a)(7)(B).
                            ``(ii) Additional incentive.--Beginning 
                        with the 2026 reinsurance year, if the maximum 
                        compensation of a covered agent authorized 
                        under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement, the 
                        Livestock Price Reinsurance Agreement, or a 
                        successor agreement for a policy described in 
                        clause (i) is less than $500, the Corporation 
                        shall provide to the approved insurance 
                        provider, to pay entirely to the covered agent, 
                        an additional amount equal to the difference 
                        between--
                                    ``(I) $500; and
                                    ``(II) the maximum amount 
                                authorized under the Standard 
                                Reinsurance Agreement, the Livestock 
                                Price Reinsurance Agreement, or a 
                                successor agreement for the policy, as 
                                applicable.''.
    (d) Reimbursement for Administrative and Operating Expenses With 
Respect to Specialty Crops Contracts.--Section 508(k) of the Federal 
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
            ``(10) Specialty crops.--
                    ``(A) Minimum reimbursement.--Beginning with the 
                2025 reinsurance year and for each reinsurance year 
                thereafter, the rate of reimbursement to approved 
                insurance providers for administrative and operating 
                expenses with respect to crop insurance contracts 
                covering agricultural commodities described in section 
                101 of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 
                (7 U.S.C. 1621 note; Public Law 108-465) shall be equal 
                to or greater than the percent that is the greater of--
                            ``(i) 17 percent of the premium used to 
                        define loss ratio; and
                            ``(ii) the percent of the premium used to 
                        define loss ratio that is otherwise applicable 
                        for the reinsurance year under the terms of the 
                        Standard Reinsurance Agreement in effect for 
                        that reinsurance year.
                    ``(B) Other contracts.--In carrying out 
                subparagraph (A), the Corporation shall not reduce, 
                with respect to any reinsurance year, the amount or the 
                rate of reimbursement to approved insurance providers 
                under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement described in 
                clause (ii) of that subparagraph for administrative and 
                operating expenses with respect to contracts covering 
                agricultural commodities that are not subject to that 
                subparagraph.
                    ``(C) Administration.--No adjustment made pursuant 
                to this paragraph shall be considered a renegotiation 
                under paragraph (8)(A).''.
    (e) Compensation Data Collection.--Section 508(k) of the Federal 
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)) (as amended by subsection (d)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(11) Compensation data collection.--
                    ``(A) Data from corporation.--The Corporation shall 
                submit to the Secretary, on an annual basis, such data 
                as are required by the Secretary relating to the 
                subsidies for administrative and operating expenses 
                paid during the relevant year by the Corporation on 
                behalf of a policyholder to the applicable approved 
                insurance provider for eligible crop insurance 
                contracts for additional coverage levels, in accordance 
                with paragraph (4).
                    ``(B) Data from approved insurance providers.--An 
                approved insurance provider shall submit to the 
                Secretary, on an annual basis, such data relating to 
                agent compensation as are required by the Secretary.''.
    (f) Inflation Adjustment.--Section 516 of the Federal Crop 
Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1516) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(d) Limitation on Administrative and Operating Costs and 
Expenses.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the combined 
        total amount of reimbursements for administrative and operating 
        costs provided by the Corporation under section 508(k)(4), 
        administrative and operating expenses of the Corporation 
        described in subsection (a)(2)(A), and administrative and 
        operating expenses of an approved insurance provider described 
        in subsection (a)(2)(B) shall not exceed--
                    ``(A) for reinsurance year 2026, $1,900,000,000; 
                and
                    ``(B) for each reinsurance year thereafter, an 
                amount equal to 101.5 percent of the maximum allowable 
                amount for the preceding reinsurance year.
            ``(2) Exclusions from calculation.--A payment made pursuant 
        to subparagraph (G) or (H) of section 508(k)(4) shall not be 
        included in calculating the combined total amount of 
        reimbursements for a reinsurance year under paragraph (1).''.

                      Subtitle D--Specialty Crops

SEC. 11401. SPECIALTY CROP INSURANCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    Section 507 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1507) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``the Classification Act 
        of 1923, as amended'' each place it appears and inserting 
        ``chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, 
        United States Code'';
            (2) in subsection (g), by indenting paragraphs (2) and (3) 
        appropriately; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Specialty Crop Insurance Advisory Committee.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--The Corporation shall establish a 
        committee, to be known as the `Specialty Crop Insurance 
        Advisory Committee' (referred to in this subsection as the 
        `Committee').
            ``(2) Composition.--The Committee shall consist of not more 
        than 10 members who represent the interests of a wide range of 
        specialty crop insurance stakeholders in different geographical 
        areas of the United States, including with respect to--
                    ``(A) different types and sizes of agricultural 
                operations; and
                    ``(B) a variety of specialty crops.
            ``(3) Appointment.--The members of the Committee--
                    ``(A) shall be appointed by the Secretary;
                    ``(B) shall be appointed to staggered 4-year terms, 
                as determined by the Secretary; and
                    ``(C) may serve not more than 2 consecutive terms.
            ``(4) Compensation.--A member of the Committee shall serve 
        without compensation.
            ``(5) Engagement with other specialty crop positions.--The 
        Committee shall regularly engage with the Specialty Crops 
        Coordinator and Specialty Crop Liaisons under subsection (g)--
                    ``(A) to discuss the crop insurance needs of 
                specialty crop producers; and
                    ``(B) to explore opportunities for the Department 
                to better serve specialty crop producers.
            ``(6) Recommendations to board.--The Committee may submit 
        to the Board recommendations regarding consideration by the 
        Board of new specialty crop policies, or the expansion of 
        available specialty crop policies, on a broad range of issues 
        relating to specialty crops, including--
                    ``(A) the selection of expert reviewers for 
                proposals to develop new specialty crop policies; and
                    ``(B) the percentage of advance payment approved to 
                be paid to the developer of a specialty crop policy.''.

SEC. 11402. ADDITION AND EXPANSION OF SPECIALTY CROP POLICIES.

    Section 508(a)(6) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1508(a)(6)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding clause 
        (i), by striking ``1 of each'' and inserting ``2 of each'';
            (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``report to Congress 
        on'' and inserting ``publish a report with respect to'';
            (3) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C); 
        and
            (4) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
                    ``(B) Consultation with specialty crop insurance 
                advisory committee.--To the maximum extent practicable, 
                the Corporation shall consult with the Specialty Crop 
                Insurance Advisory Committee established under section 
                507(h)(1) regarding--
                            ``(i) the expansion of existing policies or 
                        plans of insurance for specialty crops; and
                            ``(ii) research and development of new 
                        policies or plans of insurance for specialty 
                        crops.''.

SEC. 11403. PRIORITIES FOR PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW POLICIES AND 
              EXPANSION OF EXISTING POLICIES.

    Section 508(h)(3) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1508(h)(3)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking ``including 
        commodities for which there is no insurance;'' and inserting 
        the following: ``including--
                                    ``(I) commodities for which there 
                                is no insurance; and
                                    ``(II) specialty crops;''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``approval, the 
        Board'' in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows 
        through the period at the end of clause (iv) and inserting the 
        following: ``approval, the Board shall prioritize the 
        development, improvement, expansion, and approval of coverage 
        for--
                            ``(i) specialty crop producers to ensure 
                        that coverage for at least 1 new specialty crop 
                        and 1 new State is available to producers each 
                        year; and
                            ``(ii) cost-of-production risk to ensure 
                        that such coverage options are available to 
                        additional producers.''.

SEC. 11404. ADVANCE PAYMENTS FOR SPECIALTY CROP INSURANCE POLICIES IN 
              DEVELOPMENT.

    Section 522(b)(2)(E)(ii) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 
U.S.C. 1522(b)(2)(E)(ii)) is amended--
            (1) in subclause (I), by striking ``(I) the intended'' and 
        inserting ``(I)(aa) the intended'';
            (2) in subclause (II)--
                    (A) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``; or''; and
                    (B) by striking ``(II) the submitter'' and 
                inserting the following:
                                    ``(bb) the submitter''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(II) the Specialty Crop Insurance 
                                Advisory Committee established under 
                                section 507(h)(1) has recommended the 
                                policy or plan of insurance for 
                                development.''.

SEC. 11405. PRIORITIES FOR INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT OF NEW POLICIES AND 
              EXPANSION OF EXISTING POLICIES.

    Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) 
is amended by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the following:
            ``(6) Priorities.--The Corporation shall generally 
        prioritize the development and expansion of policies that 
        increase participation by underserved producers and producers 
        of underserved agricultural commodities (such as sweet sorghum, 
        biomass sorghum, rice, peanuts, sugarcane, alfalfa, pennycress, 
        dedicated energy crops, and specialty crops), including, with 
        respect to specialty crops--
                    ``(A) expansion of the production revenue history 
                policy or similar policies to additional specialty 
                crops and States to ensure that coverage is available 
                to producers for at least 1 new specialty crop and 1 
                new State each year; and
                    ``(B) increasing participation in whole-farm 
                revenue protection policies by addressing barriers to 
                producers from purchasing whole-farm revenue protection 
                and micro farm policies, including barriers between 
                agents and approved insurance providers in marketing 
                and servicing those policies.''.

                     Subtitle E--Program Integrity

SEC. 11501. ACTUARIAL SOUNDNESS OF FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 506(n) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1506(n)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) New policies or materials.--The Corporation shall--
                    ``(A) not less frequently than once each year, 
                review for actuarial soundness any policies or plans of 
                insurance developed pursuant to section 508(h) that had 
                more than $500,000,000 in liability annually;
                    ``(B) take necessary actions to align those 
                policies or plans of insurance with the applicable 
                standard for actuarial soundness, if needed; and
                    ``(C) make publicly available a report that 
                describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the review conducted 
                        under subparagraph (A);
                            ``(ii) the performance of the policies or 
                        plans of insurance described in that 
                        subparagraph; and
                            ``(iii) any actions carried out under 
                        subparagraph (B).''.
    (b) Specialized Experts.--Section 507 of the Federal Crop Insurance 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1507) (as amended by section 11401(3)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Specialized Experts.--The annual rate of basic pay for up to 
3 specialized experts, such as actuaries, as determined by the 
Administrator of the Risk Management Agency, may be established and 
adjusted by the Administrator of the Risk Management Agency without 
regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 
of title 5, United States Code.''.
    (c) Submission of Policies and Materials to Board.--Section 508(h) 
of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(h)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B)--
                    (A) in clause (i)(I), by striking ``clause (ii)'' 
                and inserting ``clauses (ii) and (iii)''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) Waiver for certain policies for 
                        specialty crops producers.--The Corporation may 
                        waive the viability and marketability 
                        requirement under clause (i)(I) in the case of 
                        a policy or pilot program for which an urgent 
                        need has been identified, or recommendation has 
                        been provided, by a majority of members of the 
                        Specialty Crop Insurance Advisory Committee 
                        established under section 507(h).'';
            (2) in paragraph (3)(A)(ii)(I), by inserting ``, as 
        determined in accordance with paragraph (4)(F)'' before the 
        semicolon at the end; and
            (3) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (D), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                            ``(iv) Marketability deadline.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Except as 
                                provided in subclause (II), any policy, 
                                plan of insurance, or material approved 
                                and finalized fewer than 120 days prior 
                                to the applicable sales closing date--
                                            ``(aa) shall be implemented 
                                        for the next reinsurance year; 
                                        but
                                            ``(bb) shall not be 
                                        implemented for the current 
                                        reinsurance year.
                                    ``(II) Exception.--The Secretary 
                                may allow a policy, plan of insurance, 
                                or material described in subclause (I) 
                                to be implemented during the current 
                                reinsurance year if the Secretary finds 
                                that the policy, plan of insurance, or 
                                material will address an urgent need of 
                                producers.
                                    ``(III) Finalization.--The 
                                finalization of a policy, plan of 
                                insurance, or material under subclause 
                                (I) shall include making available 
                                handbooks, training materials, and 
                                other resources required for the 
                                effective sale of approved policies, 
                                plans of insurance, or materials.''; 
                                and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) Marketability assessment.--For purposes of 
                determining marketability under paragraph 
                (3)(A)(ii)(I), if a policy or plan of insurance 
                submitted to the Board under this subsection includes a 
                favorable marketability assessment from an approved 
                insurance provider, not earlier than 30 days before the 
                Board takes final action on that policy or plan of 
                insurance, that approved insurance provider shall have 
                an opportunity to provide to the Board an updated 
                marketability assessment.''.

SEC. 11502. RATING METHODOLOGY AND DATA REPORTING UPDATES.

    Section 508(i) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(i)) 
is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraphs (1), (2), and (4);
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (2);
            (3) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(1) Review of rating methodologies.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To maximize participation in the 
                Federal crop insurance program and to ensure equity for 
                producers, the Corporation shall review the 
                methodologies employed for rating plans of insurance 
                under this Act in accordance with section 507(c)(2)--
                            ``(i) not later than December 31, 2025; and
                            ``(ii) not less frequently than once every 
                        9 years thereafter.
                    ``(B) Factors for consideration.--In conducting a 
                review under subparagraph (A), the Corporation shall 
                ensure that the rating methodology used by the 
                Corporation--
                            ``(i) achieves regionally consistent 
                        outcomes in insurance participation and 
                        reinsurance;
                            ``(ii) appropriately models and weighs 
                        changes in risk from--
                                    ``(I) crop genetics;
                                    ``(II) increasing frequency of 
                                extreme weather events and climatic 
                                impacts; and
                                    ``(III) other factors known to be 
                                changing farm risks; and
                            ``(iii) engenders premium rates regionally 
                        and on a national basis in accordance with 
                        subsection (d)(1).
                    ``(C) Expert review.--The Corporation shall make 
                the rating methodology used by the Corporation, and any 
                changes to that methodology, available for review and 
                comment by at least 3 outside experts before 
                implementing a change.'';
            (4) in paragraph (2) (as so redesignated), by inserting 
        ``and coverage level'' before the period at the end; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Rate review and adjustment.--
                    ``(A) Review.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not later than January 
                        1, 2026, and not less frequently than once 
                        every 3 years thereafter, subject to clause 
                        (ii), the Administrator of the Risk Management 
                        Agency (referred to in this paragraph as the 
                        `Administrator') shall review the premium rates 
                        for all crops and policies and plans of 
                        insurance, by county.
                            ``(ii) More frequent reviews.--The 
                        Administrator shall conduct a review under 
                        clause (i) more frequently for any policy, plan 
                        of insurance, or region of the United States 
                        that meets 1 or more of the following criteria:
                                    ``(I) Policies or plans of 
                                insurance with more than $500,000,000 
                                in liability annually.
                                    ``(II) Policies, plans of 
                                insurance, or regions with consistently 
                                high or low loss ratios, as determined 
                                by the Administrator.
                                    ``(III) Policies, plans of 
                                insurance, or regions that, as 
                                determined by the Administrator, have 
                                been consistently placed in the 
                                assigned risk pool.
                                    ``(IV) Such other criteria as the 
                                Administrator determines to be 
                                appropriate.
                    ``(B) Rate adjustments.--In conducting rate reviews 
                under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall--
                            ``(i) take necessary actions to align the 
                        reviewed policies or plans of insurance with 
                        standards for actuarial soundness, if needed, 
                        including by modifying rates by the percentage 
                        indicated by the rating model of the Risk 
                        Management Agency, subject to the conditions 
                        that--
                                    ``(I) if the rating model of the 
                                Risk Management Agency indicates that 
                                rates must increase, the Administrator 
                                shall increase the rates by not more 
                                than 20 percent, as compared to the 
                                comparable rate of the preceding crop 
                                year; and
                                    ``(II) if the rating model of the 
                                Risk Management Agency indicates that 
                                rates must decrease, the Administrator 
                                shall decrease the rates by the full 
                                amount indicated; and
                            ``(ii) make publicly available a report 
                        that describes--
                                    ``(I) each review under 
                                subparagraph (A);
                                    ``(II) the performance of the 
                                policies and plans of insurance subject 
                                to the review; and
                                    ``(III) any actions carried out 
                                pursuant to clause (i).''.

SEC. 11503. DATA ANALYTICS AND IMPROVEMENT.

    Section 515 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1515) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (j)(2)--
                    (A) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                ``technologies'' and inserting ``technologies; data 
                analytics and improvement'';
                    (B) by striking ``shall use'' and inserting the 
                following: ``shall--
                    ``(A) use'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), by 
                striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and''; 
                and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) support advancing and improving the 
                development and application of remote sensing, machine 
                learning, and computational modeling to continually 
                improve the administration and enforcement of this 
                subtitle.''; and
            (2) in subsection (l)(2)--
                    (A) in the paragraph heading, by inserting ``and 
                data analytics innovation and improvement'' after 
                ``mining'';
                    (B) by striking ``$4,000,000 for fiscal year 2009'' 
                and inserting ``$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''; and
                    (C) by inserting ``, of which not less than 
                $4,000,000 shall be used in each fiscal year to carry 
                out subparagraph (B) of that subsection'' before the 
                period at the end.

SEC. 11504. REIMBURSEMENT OF PRIVATELY DEVELOPED PLANS.

    Section 522(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(b)) 
is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B)--
                    (A) in clause (ii)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subclause (I), 
                        by striking ``costs of the applicant shall be 
                        considered reasonable costs if the costs are 
                        based on'' and inserting ``reasonable costs may 
                        include''; and
                            (ii) in subclause (I)--
                                    (I) by striking ``wage rates equal 
                                to not more than'' and inserting 
                                ``actual wage rates up to''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``incurred,'' and 
                                all that follows through ``2016'' and 
                                inserting ``incurred''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) Supporting documents.--On the 
                        request of the Board, applicants shall provide 
                        third-party documents, such as tax documents 
                        and receipts, as support for a request for 
                        reimbursement of actual costs.'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraph (K);
            (3) in paragraph (4) adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) Maintenance by corporation.--The Corporation 
                may assume responsibility for maintenance of the policy 
                if the Corporation determines that the applicant has 
                failed to maintain the policy, or to make adjustments 
                to improve actuarial soundness, after appropriate 
                notice and due process.''; and
            (4) in paragraph (6)--
                    (A) by striking ``based on the complexity'' and 
                inserting the following: ``based on--
                    ``(A) the complexity'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), by 
                striking the period at the end and inserting a 
                semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) the quantity of work required to maintain the 
                policy;
                    ``(C) whether the policy has had consistent, 
                unexplainable, and high loss ratios; and
                    ``(D) whether the developer has demonstrated a 
                pattern or practice of noncompliance with requests from 
                the Board or the Department.''.

SEC. 11505. STANDARD REINSURANCE AGREEMENT NEGOTIATION.

    Section 508(k)(8) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1508(k)(8)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) Engagement with crop insurance agents.--The 
                Corporation shall engage with entities representing 
                crop insurance agents during any renegotiation under 
                subparagraph (A).''.

SEC. 11506. PROTECTION AGAINST RETALIATION.

    Section 515 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1515) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(m) Protection Against Retaliation.--
            ``(1) Prohibition.--
                    ``(A) In general.--No person may take any action, 
                including an action described in subparagraph (B)--
                            ``(i) to impede an individual, including an 
                        agent, a loss adjuster, or a producer, from 
                        reporting to the Secretary, the Corporation, or 
                        the Risk Management Agency--
                                    ``(I) a possible violation of this 
                                subtitle or the regulations promulgated 
                                thereunder; or
                                    ``(II) fraud, waste, or abuse 
                                relating to the Federal crop insurance 
                                program; or
                            ``(ii) to penalize or discriminate against 
                        an individual for reporting under clause (i).
                    ``(B) Actions.--An action referred to in 
                subparagraph (A) includes--
                            ``(i) any action relating to the terms and 
                        conditions of employment of an individual 
                        described in clause (i) of that subparagraph;
                            ``(ii) any action relating to the obtaining 
                        of any policy or plan of insurance by such an 
                        individual; and
                            ``(iii) any changes to the compensation of 
                        such an individual for the sale or service of a 
                        policy or plan of insurance.
            ``(2) Enforcement.--
                    ``(A) Cause of action.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), an individual who alleges that a 
                        person has taken an action in violation of 
                        paragraph (1) may bring an action under this 
                        subsection against that person in the 
                        appropriate district court of the United States 
                        for the relief provided in paragraph (3).
                            ``(ii) Federal employee.--If the individual 
                        who is alleging that a person has taken an 
                        action in violation of paragraph (1) is an 
                        employee of the Federal Government, the 
                        individual may only bring an action under 
                        section 1221 of title 5, United States Code.
                    ``(B) Subpoenas.--A subpoena requiring the 
                attendance of a witness at a trial or hearing conducted 
                pursuant to this subsection may be served at any place 
                in the United States.
                    ``(C) Statute of limitations.--An action under this 
                subsection may not be brought more than 2 years after 
                the date on which the alleged violation of paragraph 
                (1) is committed.
            ``(3) Relief.--Relief for an individual prevailing in an 
        action brought under paragraph (2) shall include--
                    ``(A) reinstatement with the same seniority status 
                that the individual would have had but for the 
                discrimination;
                    ``(B) the amount of back pay or compensation 
                otherwise owed to the individual, with interest; and
                    ``(C) compensation for any special damages 
                sustained as a result of prohibited action, including 
                litigation costs, expert witness fees, and reasonable 
                attorney's fees.
            ``(4) Confidentiality.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), the Secretary, the Corporation, and 
                the Risk Management Agency shall not disclose any 
                information that may reasonably be expected to reveal 
                the identity of an individual who reports a possible 
                violation or fraud, waste, or abuse described in 
                subclauses (I) and (II) of paragraph (1)(A)(i), 
                respectively, including information provided by that 
                individual.
                    ``(B) Exceptions.--
                            ``(i) Records maintained on individuals.--
                        The Secretary, the Corporation, and the Risk 
                        Management Agency shall only disclose 
                        information described in subparagraph (A) in 
                        accordance with section 552a of title 5, United 
                        States Code.
                            ``(ii) Public proceeding.--The Secretary, 
                        the Corporation, and the Risk Management Agency 
                        shall disclose information described in 
                        subparagraph (A) if that information is 
                        required to be disclosed to a defendant or 
                        respondent in connection with a public 
                        proceeding instituted by the Commission or any 
                        entity described in items (aa) through (dd) of 
                        clause (iii)(I).
                            ``(iii) Availability to government 
                        agencies.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--The Secretary, 
                                the Corporation, and the Risk 
                                Management Agency may, if determined by 
                                the Secretary to be necessary or 
                                appropriate to accomplish the purposes 
                                of this subtitle, make the information 
                                described in subparagraph (A) available 
                                to--
                                            ``(aa) the Department of 
                                        Justice;
                                            ``(bb) an appropriate 
                                        department or agency of the 
                                        Federal Government;
                                            ``(cc) a State attorney 
                                        general in connection with any 
                                        criminal investigation; and
                                            ``(dd) an appropriate 
                                        department or agency of any 
                                        State.
                                    ``(II) Confidential status.--The 
                                provision of information under 
                                subclause (I) to the entities described 
                                in that subclause shall not affect the 
                                status of the information as 
                                confidential.
                                    ``(III) Maintenance of 
                                information.--Each entity described in 
                                items (aa) through (dd) of subclause 
                                (I) shall maintain the information 
                                provided under that subclause as 
                                confidential in the same manner as the 
                                information is maintained by the 
                                Secretary, the Corporation, and the 
                                Risk Management Agency under 
                                subparagraph (A).
                    ``(C) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this 
                paragraph limits the ability of the Attorney General to 
                present evidence containing information described in 
                subparagraph (A) to a grand jury or share such evidence 
                with potential witnesses or defendants in the course of 
                an ongoing criminal investigation.
                    ``(D) Applicability.--For purposes of subparagraph 
                (A), this section shall be considered a statute 
                described in section 552(b)(3)(B) of title 5, United 
                States Code.
            ``(5) Rights retained.--Nothing in this subsection shall 
        diminish the rights, privileges, or remedies of any 
        whistleblower under any Federal or State law or any collective 
        bargaining agreement.
            ``(6) Nonenforceability of certain provisions waiving 
        rights and remedies or requiring arbitration of disputes.--
                    ``(A) Waiver of rights and remedies.--The rights 
                and remedies provided for in this subsection may not be 
                waived by any agreement, policy form, or condition of 
                employment, including a predispute arbitration 
                agreement.
                    ``(B) Predispute arbitration agreements.--A 
                predispute arbitration agreement shall not be valid or 
                enforceable if the predispute arbitration agreement 
                requires arbitration of a dispute arising under this 
                subsection.''.

                       Subtitle F--Other Matters

SEC. 11601. NATIVE SOD.

    Section 508(o) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(o)) 
is amended by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
            ``(3) Native sod conversion certification.--
                    ``(A) Certification.--As a condition on the receipt 
                of benefits under this subtitle, a producer that has 
                tilled native sod acreage for the production of an 
                insurable crop as described in paragraph (2)(A) shall 
                certify to the Secretary that acreage using--
                            ``(i) an acreage report form of the Farm 
                        Service Agency (FSA-578 or any successor form); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) 1 or more maps.
                    ``(B) Corrections.--Beginning on the date on which 
                a producer submits a certification under subparagraph 
                (A), as soon as practicable after the producer 
                discovers a change in tilled native sod acreage 
                described in that subparagraph, the producer shall 
                submit to the Secretary any appropriate corrections to 
                a form or map described in clause (i) or (ii) of that 
                subparagraph.
                    ``(C) Annual reports.--Not later than January 1, 
                2026, and each January 1 thereafter, the Secretary 
                shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the 
                House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
                report that describes the tilled native sod acreage 
                that has been certified under subparagraph (A) in each 
                county and State as of the date of submission of the 
                report.''.

SEC. 11602. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Section 508 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(A), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by striking ``subparagraph (B)--'' and all 
                that follows through ``catastrophic'' in clause (ii) 
                and inserting ``subparagraph (B), for each crop year, 
                catastrophic'';
                    (B) by striking paragraph (8); and
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (9) and (10) as 
                paragraphs (8) and (9), respectively;
            (2) in subsection (d)(1), in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A), by striking ``than--'' and all that follows 
        through the period at the end and inserting ``than 1.0.''; and
            (3) in subsection (k)(4)(A), in the matter preceding clause 
        (i), by striking ``exceed--'' and all that follows through 
        ``24.5'' in clause (ii) and inserting ``exceed, for each 
        insurance year, 24.5''.
    (b) Subsection (a) of section 520 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1520) (as designated by section 11202(1)) is amended, in 
paragraph (2), by inserting ``not less than'' before ``18''.
    (c) Section 523 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1523) 
is amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (e) and (f); and
            (2) by redesignating subsections (g) through (i) as 
        subsections (e) through (g), respectively.

                        TITLE XII--MISCELLANEOUS

                         Subtitle A--Livestock

SEC. 12101. ANIMAL DISEASE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT.

    Section 10409A(d) of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 
8308a(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking 
                        ``Subsequent fiscal years'' and inserting 
                        ``Fiscal years 2023 and 2024''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``fiscal year 2023 and 
                        each fiscal year thereafter'' and inserting 
                        ``each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Subsequent fiscal years.--Of the funds of the 
                Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make 
                available to carry out this section $60,000,000 for 
                fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, of 
                which not less than $18,000,000 shall be made available 
                for each of those fiscal years to carry out subsection 
                (b).''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2) by striking ``2023'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 12102. SHEEP PRODUCTION AND MARKETING GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 209(c) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 
1627a(c)) is amended by striking ``and $400,000 for fiscal year 2024'' 
and inserting ``$400,000 for fiscal year 2024, and $3,000,0000 for 
fiscal year 2025''.

SEC. 12103. RESOURCES AND GRANT PROGRAM FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM POULTRY 
              AND MEAT ESTABLISHMENTS.

    (a) HACCP Guidance.--
            (1) Poultry establishments.--The Poultry Products 
        Inspection Act is amended by inserting after section 14 (21 
        U.S.C. 463) the following:

``SEC. 14A. SMALL AND MEDIUM ESTABLISHMENT GUIDANCE AND RESOURCES.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Medium establishment.--The term `medium 
        establishment' means an official establishment that has fewer 
        than 500 employees but more than 50 employees.
            ``(2) Small establishment.--The term `small establishment' 
        means an official establishment that has fewer than 50 
        employees.
    ``(b) Database of Studies; Model Plans.--Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) establish a free, searchable database of approved 
        peer-reviewed validation studies accessible to small 
        establishments and medium establishments subject to inspection 
        under this Act for use in developing a Hazard Analysis and 
        Critical Control Points plan; and
            ``(2) publish online scale-appropriate model Hazard 
        Analysis and Critical Control Points plans for small 
        establishments and medium establishments, including model plans 
        for--
                    ``(A) slaughter-only establishments;
                    ``(B) processing-only establishments; and
                    ``(C) slaughter and processing establishments.
    ``(c) Guidance.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this section, the Secretary shall publish a guidance document, after 
notice and an opportunity for public comment, providing information on 
the requirements that need to be met for small establishments and 
medium establishments to receive approval for a Hazard Analysis and 
Critical Control Points plan pursuant to this Act.
    ``(d) Data Confidentiality.--In carrying out subsections (b) and 
(c), the Secretary shall not publish confidential business information, 
including a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points plan of an 
establishment, unless the establishment provides express written 
consent to publish the applicable information, which shall be published 
in a manner that does not identify the applicable establishment.''.
            (2) Meat establishments.--The Federal Meat Inspection Act 
        is amended by inserting after section 25 (21 U.S.C. 625) the 
        following:

``SEC. 26. SMALL AND MEDIUM ESTABLISHMENT GUIDANCE AND RESOURCES.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Medium establishment.--The term `medium 
        establishment' means a slaughtering or meat processing 
        establishment that has fewer than 500 employees but more than 
        50 employees.
            ``(2) Small establishment.--The term `small establishment' 
        means a slaughtering or meat processing establishment that has 
        fewer than 50 employees.
    ``(b) Database of Studies; Model Plans.--Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) establish a free, searchable database of approved 
        peer-reviewed validation studies accessible to small 
        establishments and medium establishments subject to inspection 
        under this Act for use in developing a Hazard Analysis and 
        Critical Control Points plan; and
            ``(2) publish online scale-appropriate model Hazard 
        Analysis and Critical Control Points plans for small 
        establishments and medium establishments, including model plans 
        for--
                    ``(A) slaughter-only establishments;
                    ``(B) processing-only establishments; and
                    ``(C) slaughter and processing establishments.
    ``(c) Guidance.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this section, the Secretary shall publish a guidance document, after 
notice and an opportunity for public comment, providing information on 
the requirements that need to be met for small establishments and 
medium establishments to receive approval for a Hazard Analysis and 
Critical Control Points plan pursuant to this Act.
    ``(d) Data Confidentiality.--In carrying out subsections (b) and 
(c), the Secretary shall not publish confidential business information, 
including a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points plan of an 
establishment, unless the establishment provides express written 
consent to publish the applicable information, which shall be published 
in a manner that does not identify the applicable establishment.''.
    (b) Increasing Maximum Federal Share for Expenses of State 
Inspection.--
            (1) Poultry products.--Section 5(a)(3) of the Poultry 
        Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 454(a)(3)) is amended in the 
        second sentence by striking ``50 per centum'' and inserting 
        ``55 percent''.
            (2) Meat and meat food products.--Section 301(a)(3) of the 
        Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 661(a)(3)) is amended in 
        the second sentence by striking ``50 per centum'' and inserting 
        ``55 percent''.
    (c) Cooperative Interstate Shipment of Poultry and Meat.--
            (1) Poultry products.--Section 31 of the Poultry Products 
        Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 472) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in paragraph (2), by striking ``25 
                        employees'' each place it appears and inserting 
                        ``50 employees''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (3)--
                                    (I) in the paragraph heading, by 
                                striking ``25'' and inserting ``50'';
                                    (II) in subparagraph (A), by 
                                striking ``25'' and inserting ``50''; 
                                and
                                    (III) in subparagraph (B)--
                                            (aa) in clause (i), by 
                                        striking ``more than 25 
                                        employees but less than 35 
                                        employees'' and inserting 
                                        ``more than 50 employees but 
                                        less than 70 employees''; and
                                            (bb) in clause (ii), by 
                                        striking ``subsection (i)'' and 
                                        inserting ``subsection (j)'';
                    (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``60 percent'' 
                and inserting ``80 percent'';
                    (C) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``subsection 
                (i)'' and inserting ``subsection (j)'';
                    (D) by redesignating subsections (f) through (i) as 
                subsections (g) through (j), respectively; and
                    (E) by inserting after subsection (e) the 
                following:
    ``(f) Federal Outreach.--
            ``(1) In general.--In each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029, for the purpose of State participation in the Cooperative 
        Interstate Shipment program, the Secretary shall conduct 
        outreach to, and, as appropriate, subsequent negotiation with, 
        not fewer than 25 percent of the States that--
                    ``(A) have a State poultry product inspection 
                program pursuant to section 5; but
                    ``(B) do not have a selected establishment.
            ``(2) Report.--At the conclusion of each of fiscal years 
        2025 through 2029, the Secretary shall submit a report 
        detailing the activities and results of the outreach conducted 
        during that fiscal year under paragraph (1) to--
                    ``(A) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives;
                    ``(B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                Forestry of the Senate;
                    ``(C) the Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural 
                Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related 
                Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of the 
                House of Representatives; and
                    ``(D) the Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural 
                Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related 
                Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of the 
                Senate.''.
            (2) Meat and meat food products.--Section 501 of the 
        Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 683) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in paragraph (2), by striking ``25 
                        employees'' each place it appears and inserting 
                        ``50 employees''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (3)--
                                    (I) in the paragraph heading, by 
                                striking ``25'' and inserting ``50'';
                                    (II) in subparagraph (A), by 
                                striking ``25'' and inserting ``50''; 
                                and
                                    (III) in subparagraph (B)(i), by 
                                striking ``more than 25 employees but 
                                fewer than 35 employees'' and inserting 
                                ``more than 50 employees but fewer than 
                                70 employees'';
                    (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``60 percent'' 
                and inserting ``80 percent''; and
                    (C) in subsection (f), by adding at the end the 
                following:
            ``(3) Federal outreach.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In each of fiscal years 2025 
                through 2029, for the purpose of State participation in 
                the Cooperative Interstate Shipment program, the 
                Secretary shall conduct outreach to, and, as 
                appropriate, subsequent negotiation with, not fewer 
                than 25 percent of the States that--
                            ``(i) have a State meat inspection program 
                        pursuant to section 301; but
                            ``(ii) do not have a selected 
                        establishment.
                    ``(B) Report.--At the conclusion of each of fiscal 
                years 2025 through 2029, the Secretary shall submit a 
                report detailing the activities and results of the 
                outreach conducted during that fiscal year under 
                paragraph (1) to--
                            ``(i) the Committee on Agriculture of the 
                        House of Representatives;
                            ``(ii) the Committee on Agriculture, 
                        Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate;
                            ``(iii) the Subcommittee on Agriculture, 
                        Rural Development, Food and Drug 
                        Administration, and Related Agencies of the 
                        Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                        Representatives; and
                            ``(iv) the Subcommittee on Agriculture, 
                        Rural Development, Food and Drug 
                        Administration, and Related Agencies of the 
                        Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.''.
    (d) Processing Resilience Grant Program.--Subtitle A of the 
Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.) (as amended 
by section 10005) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 210D. PROCESSING RESILIENCE GRANT PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Business enterprise owned and controlled by socially 
        and economically disadvantaged individuals.--The term `business 
        enterprise owned and controlled by socially and economically 
        disadvantaged individuals' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 3002 of the State Small Business Credit Initiative Act 
        of 2010 (12 U.S.C. 5701).
            ``(2) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                    ``(A) a slaughtering or processing establishment 
                with fewer than 500 employees;
                    ``(B) a slaughtering or processing establishment 
                subject to--
                            ``(i) a State meat inspection program 
                        pursuant to section 301 of the Federal Meat 
                        Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 661); or
                            ``(ii) a State poultry product inspection 
                        program pursuant to section 5 of the Poultry 
                        Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 454);
                    ``(C) a person engaging in custom operations that 
                is exempt from inspection under--
                            ``(i) section 23 of the Federal Meat 
                        Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 623); or
                            ``(ii) section 15 of the Poultry Products 
                        Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 464); and
                    ``(D) a person seeking--
                            ``(i) to establish and operate an 
                        establishment described in subparagraph (A) or 
                        (B); or
                            ``(ii) to engage in custom operations 
                        described in subparagraph (C).
            ``(3) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Agriculture, acting through the Administrator of the 
        Agricultural Marketing Service.
    ``(b) Grants.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        enactment of this section, the Secretary shall award 
        competitive grants to eligible entities for activities to 
        increase resiliency and diversification of the meat processing 
        system, including activities that--
                    ``(A) support the health and safety of meat and 
                poultry plant employees, suppliers, and customers;
                    ``(B) support increased processing capacity; and
                    ``(C) otherwise support the resilience of the small 
                meat and poultry processing sector.
            ``(2) Maximum amount.--The maximum amount of a grant 
        awarded under this section shall not exceed $500,000.
            ``(3) Duration.--The term of a grant awarded under this 
        section shall not exceed 3 years.
    ``(c) Applications.--
            ``(1) In general.--An eligible entity desiring a grant 
        under this section shall submit to the Secretary an application 
        at such time, in such manner, and containing such information 
        as the Secretary may require.
            ``(2) Applications for small grants.--The Secretary shall 
        establish a separate, simplified application process for 
        eligible entities applying for a grant under this section of 
        not more than $100,000.
            ``(3) Requirements.--The Secretary shall ensure that any 
        application for a grant under this section is--
                    ``(A) simple and practicable;
                    ``(B) accessible online; and
                    ``(C) available through local staff of the 
                Department of Agriculture.
            ``(4) Notice.--Not later than 14 days before the date on 
        which the Secretary begins to accept applications under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall publish a notice of funding 
        opportunity with respect to the grants available under this 
        section.
            ``(5) Reapplication.--If an application of an eligible 
        entity under this subsection is denied by the Secretary, the 
        eligible entity may submit a revised application.
            ``(6) Priority.--In reviewing applications submitted under 
        this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to proposals 
        that will--
                    ``(A) increase farmer and rancher access to animal 
                slaughter options within a 200-mile radius of the 
                location of the farmer or rancher;
                    ``(B) support an eligible entity described in 
                subsection (a)(2)(A); or
                    ``(C) support an eligible entity that is a business 
                enterprise owned and controlled by socially and 
                economically disadvantaged individuals.
    ``(d) Use of Grant.--An eligible entity that receives a grant under 
this section shall use the grant funds to carry out activities in 
support of the purposes described in subsection (b)(1), including 
through--
            ``(1) the development and issuance of a Hazard Analysis and 
        Critical Control Points plan for the eligible entity, which may 
        be developed by a consultant;
            ``(2) the purchase or establishment, as applicable, of 
        facilities, equipment, processes, and operations necessary for 
        the eligible entity to comply with applicable requirements 
        under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) 
        or the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et seq.);
            ``(3) the purchase of cold storage, equipment, or 
        transportation services;
            ``(4) the purchase of temperature screening supplies, 
        testing for communicable diseases, disinfectant, sanitation 
        systems, hand washing stations, and other sanitizing supplies;
            ``(5) the purchase and decontamination of personal 
        protective equipment;
            ``(6) the construction or purchase of humane handling 
        infrastructure, including holding space for livestock prior to 
        slaughter, shade structures, and knock box structures;
            ``(7)(A) the purchase of software and computer equipment 
        for record keeping, production data, Hazard Analysis and 
        Critical Control Points record review, and facilitation of 
        marketing and sales of products in a manner consistent with the 
        social distancing guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control 
        and Prevention; and
            ``(B) the provision of guidelines and training relating to 
        that software and computer equipment;
            ``(8) the provision of staff time and training for 
        implementing and monitoring health and safety procedures;
            ``(9) the development of a feasibility study or business 
        plan for, or the carrying out of any other activity associated 
        with, establishing or expanding a small meat or poultry 
        processing facility;
            ``(10) the purchase of equipment that enables the further 
        use or value-added sale of coproducts or byproducts, such as 
        organs, hides, and other relevant products; and
            ``(11) other activities associated with expanding or 
        establishing an eligible entity described in subsection 
        (a)(2)(A), as determined by the Secretary.
    ``(e) Outreach.--During the period beginning on the date on which 
the Secretary publishes the notice under subsection (c)(4) and ending 
on the date on which the Secretary begins to accept applications under 
subsection (c)(1), the Secretary shall perform outreach to States and 
eligible entities relating to grants under this section.
    ``(f) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the activities carried 
out using a grant awarded under this section shall not exceed--
            ``(1) 90 percent in the case of a grant in the amount of 
        $100,000 or less; or
            ``(2) 75 percent in the case of a grant in an amount 
        greater than $100,000.
    ``(g) Administration.--The promulgation of regulations under, and 
administration of, this section shall be made without regard to--
            ``(1) the notice and comment provisions of section 553 of 
        title 5, United States Code; and
            ``(2) chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code (commonly 
        known as the `Paperwork Reduction Act').
    ``(h) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--There is appropriated, out of 
        amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the 
        Secretary of Agriculture to carry out this section $25,000,000 
        for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain 
        available until expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to 
        amounts made available under paragraph (1), there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out 
        this section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029.''.

SEC. 12104. EXEMPTION FOR MEAT PROCESSORS OF LIVESTOCK MARKET OWNERSHIP 
              UNDER THE PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS ACT, 1921.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall revise section 201.67 of title 9, Code 
of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this 
Act), to exempt the packers described in subsection (b) from the 
prohibition described in that section.
    (b) Packers Described.--A packer referred to in subsection (a) is a 
packer that--
            (1) purchases live animals per year for a total amount that 
        is less than $50,000,000; or
            (2) owns less than 10 percent of a packer that purchases 
        live animals per year for a total amount that is not less than 
        $50,000,000.

SEC. 12105. PROMPT PAYMENT.

    Section 409 of the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 
228b), is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 409. PROMPT PAYMENT FOR PURCHASE OF LIVESTOCK.

    ``(a) Definition of Covered Payer.--In this section, the term 
`covered payer' means--
            ``(1) a packer;
            ``(2) a market agency; and
            ``(3) a dealer.
    ``(b) Prompt Payment for Livestock.--Except as provided in 
subsection (c), each covered payer that purchases livestock shall 
promptly deliver to the seller or their duly authorized representative 
the full amount owed for that livestock by the close of--
            ``(1) the next business day following price determination 
        and transfer of possession of the livestock, if payment for the 
        full amount owed is made by--
                    ``(A) presenting a check or cash to the seller;
                    ``(B) placing a check in the United States mail (or 
                equivalent mail service) properly addressed to the 
                seller; or
                    ``(C) transferring the full amount by any other 
                expeditious method determined appropriate by the 
                Secretary; or
            ``(2) the third business day following price determination 
        and transfer of possession of the livestock, if payment for the 
        full amount owed is made by--
                    ``(A) Automated Clearing House; or
                    ``(B) wire transfer.
    ``(c) Waiver of Prompt Payment.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to such terms and conditions as 
        the Secretary may require, a covered payer and seller may 
        expressly agree in writing, before a purchase or sale of 
        livestock, to effect payment in a manner other than a manner 
        required under subsection (b).
            ``(2) Disclosure.--Any agreement under paragraph (1) shall 
        be disclosed in the records of the covered payer and the 
        seller, including any documents issued by the covered payer 
        relating to the transaction.
    ``(d) Rule of Construction.--A payment made by a covered payer 
pursuant to subsection (b) shall be considered--
            ``(1) a cash sale for purposes of this Act; and
            ``(2) to be made in contemporaneous exchange for new value 
        for other relevant purposes.
    ``(e) Unfair Practice.--
            ``(1) Delay in payment or attempt to delay.--Any delay in 
        making, or attempt to delay making, full payment for livestock 
        by a covered payer in accordance with this section, including 
        any such delay or attempt to delay for the purpose of, or that 
        results in, extending the required period of payment under this 
        section, shall be considered an unfair practice in violation of 
        this Act.
            ``(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section limits 
        the meaning of the term `unfair practice' as used in this 
        Act.''.

SEC. 12106. ANIMAL DISEASE REGIONAL EXPORT BAN AGREEMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 10405 of the Animal Health Protection Act 
(7 U.S.C. 8304) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Engagement With Key Export Markets.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the 
        Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 
        and the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign 
        Agricultural Affairs, in coordination with the Administrator of 
        the Food Safety and Inspection Service, may preemptively 
        negotiate, to the extent practicable, regionalization 
        agreements regarding outbreaks of known animal disease threats 
        with the governments of countries with key export markets for 
        any animal, article, or associated means of conveyance from the 
        United States.
            ``(2) Research.--A negotiation carried out under paragraph 
        (1) is encouraged to take into account accepted global research 
        advances.''.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section or the 
amendments made by this section--
            (1) limits the ability of the Secretary to negotiate trade 
        agreements; or
            (2) requires the Secretary to condition other trade 
        agreements on the inclusion of language relating to 
        regionalization as described in subsection (d)(1) of section 
        10405 of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 3804).

SEC. 12107. OFFICE OF THE SPECIAL INVESTIGATOR FOR COMPETITION MATTERS.

    The Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 is amended 
by inserting after section 216 (7 U.S.C. 6916) the following:

``SEC. 217. OFFICE OF THE SPECIAL INVESTIGATOR FOR COMPETITION MATTERS.

    ``(a) Establishment.--There is established in the Department an 
office, to be known as the `Office of the Special Investigator for 
Competition Matters' (referred to in this section as the `Office').
    ``(b) Special Investigator for Competition Matters.--The Office 
shall be headed by the Special Investigator for Competition Matters 
(referred to in this section as the `Special Investigator'), who shall 
be a senior career employee appointed by the Secretary.
    ``(c) Duties.--The Special Investigator shall--
            ``(1) use all available tools, including subpoenas, to 
        investigate and prosecute violations of the Packers and 
        Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.), by packers and 
        live poultry dealers with respect to competition and trade 
        practices in the food and agriculture sector;
            ``(2) serve as a Department liaison to, and act in 
        consultation with, the Department of Justice and the Federal 
        Trade Commission with respect to competition and trade 
        practices in the food and agricultural sector;
            ``(3) act in consultation with the Department of Homeland 
        Security with respect to national security and critical 
        infrastructure security in the food and agricultural sector;
            ``(4) maintain a staff of attorneys and other professionals 
        with appropriate expertise; and
            ``(5) in carrying out paragraphs (1) through (4), 
        coordinate with the Office of the General Counsel and the 
        Packers and Stockyards Division of the Agricultural Marketing 
        Service.
    ``(d) Prosecutorial Authority.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding title 28, United States 
        Code, the Special Investigator shall have the authority to 
        bring any civil or administrative action authorized under the 
        Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.), 
        against a packer or a live poultry dealer.
            ``(2) Notification.--With respect to any action brought 
        under this section in Federal district court, the Special 
        Investigator shall notify the Attorney General.
            ``(3) Effect.--Nothing in this section alters the authority 
        of the Secretary to issue a subpoena pursuant to the Packers 
        and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.).
    ``(e) Limitation on Scope.--The Special Investigator may not bring 
an action under this section with respect to an entity that is not 
regulated under the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 181 et 
seq.).''.

SEC. 12108. PRODUCT OF USA LABEL.

    The final rule of the Food Safety and Inspection Service entitled 
``Voluntary Labeling of FSIS-Regulated Products with U.S.-Origin 
Claims'' (89 Fed. Reg. 19470 (March 18, 2024)) shall have the force and 
effect of law.

SEC. 12109. CATTLE CONTRACTS LIBRARY.

    The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 is amended--
            (1) by redesignating section 223 (7 U.S.C. 1635f) as 
        section 224; and
            (2) by inserting after section 222 (7 U.S.C. 1635e) the 
        following:

``SEC. 223. CATTLE CONTRACTS LIBRARY.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the 
Secretary shall establish and maintain, through the Livestock Mandatory 
Price Reporting program, a library or catalog (referred to in this 
section as the `library'), of each type of covered contract entered 
into between packers and producers for the purchase of fed cattle 
(including cattle that are purchased or committed for delivery), 
including any schedules of premiums or discounts associated with the 
covered contract.
    ``(b) Information Collection.--
            ``(1) In general.--To maintain the library, the Secretary 
        shall obtain information from each packer on each type of 
        existing covered contract of the packer by requiring a filing 
        or other form of information submission from each packer.
            ``(2) Contract information.--Information submitted to the 
        Secretary by a packer under paragraph (1) shall include, with 
        respect to each existing covered contract of a packer--
                    ``(A) the type of contract;
                    ``(B) the duration of the contract;
                    ``(C) a summary of the contract terms;
                    ``(D) provisions in the contract that may affect 
                the price of cattle covered by the contract, including 
                schedules, premiums and discounts, financing and risk-
                sharing arrangements, and transportation arrangements;
                    ``(E) the total number of cattle covered by the 
                contract solely committed to the packer each week 
                within the 6-month and 12-month periods following the 
                date of the contract and the percentage of cattle each 
                week that may vary for delivery or nondelivery at the 
                discretion of the packer, organized by reporting region 
                or in such other manner as the Secretary may determine;
                    ``(F) in the case of a contract in which a specific 
                number of cattle are not solely committed to the 
                packer--
                            ``(i) an indication that the contract is an 
                        open commitment; and
                            ``(ii) any weekly, monthly, annual, or 
                        other limitations or requirements on the number 
                        of cattle that may be delivered to the packer 
                        under the contract, including the percentage of 
                        cattle that may vary for delivery or 
                        nondelivery in a given time period at the 
                        discretion of the packer; and
                    ``(G) a description of the provisions in the 
                contract that provide for expansion in the numbers of 
                fed cattle to be delivered under the contract for the 
                6-month and 12-month periods following the date of the 
                contract.
    ``(c) Availability of Information.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall make publicly 
        available to producers and other interested persons information 
        (including the information described in subsection (b)(2)), in 
        a user-friendly format, on the types of covered contracts in 
        the library, including notice (on a real-time basis, if 
        practicable) of the types of covered contracts that are entered 
        into between packers and producers for the purchase of fed 
        cattle.
            ``(2) Monthly report.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Beginning 30 days after the 
                library is established, the Secretary shall make the 
                information obtained each month in the library 
                available in a monthly report to producers and other 
                interested persons.
                    ``(B) Contents.--The monthly report described in 
                subparagraph (A) shall include--
                            ``(i) based on the information collected 
                        under subsection (b)(2)(E), an estimate by the 
                        Secretary of the total number of fed cattle 
                        committed under covered contracts for delivery 
                        to packers within the 6-month and 12-month 
                        periods following the date of the report, 
                        organized by reporting region and type of 
                        contract;
                            ``(ii) based on the information collected 
                        under subsection (b)(2)(F), the number of 
                        covered contracts with an open commitment and 
                        any weekly, monthly, annual, or other 
                        limitations or requirements on the number of 
                        cattle that may be delivered under such 
                        contracts, including the percentage of cattle 
                        that may vary for delivery or nondelivery in a 
                        given time period at the discretion of the 
                        packer; and
                            ``(iii) based on the information collected 
                        under subsection (b)(2)(G), an estimate by the 
                        Secretary of the total maximum number of fed 
                        cattle that may be delivered within the 6-month 
                        and 12-month periods following the date of the 
                        report, organized by reporting region and type 
                        of contract.
    ``(d) Maintenance of Library.--Information in the library about 
types of contracts that are no longer offered or in use shall be 
removed from the library.
    ``(e) Confidentiality.--The reporting requirements for packers 
under this section shall be subject to the confidentiality protections 
provided under section 251.
    ``(f) Violations.--It shall be unlawful and a violation of this Act 
for any packer to willfully fail or refuse--
            ``(1) to provide to the Secretary accurate information 
        required under this section; or
            ``(2) to comply with any other requirement of this section.
    ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out 
this section.''.

SEC. 12110. LIVESTOCK CONSOLIDATION RESEARCH.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which each 
latest Census of Agriculture is made publicly available, the 
Administrator of the Economic Research Service shall publish a report 
on consolidation and concentration in the livestock industry, 
including--
            (1) changes in the size and location of ranches, farms, 
        processing facilities, and packers throughout the United 
        States; and
            (2) the impact of the changes described in paragraph (1) on 
        farmers, ranchers, and downstream consumers, including--
                    (A) financial impacts;
                    (B) market entry impacts; and
                    (C) access to resources and inputs, including 
                processing facilities.
    (b) Sources of Information.--In preparing a report under subsection 
(a), the Administrator of the Economic Research Service shall draw on 
data available to the Secretary of Agriculture, including the Census of 
Agriculture, inspection records of the Food Safety and Inspection 
Service, and the packing plant data of the Packers and Stockyards 
Division of the Agricultural Marketing Service.
    (c) Report Organization.--The report under subsection (a) shall 
separate information on beef cattle by cow-calf and fed cattle 
operations.
    (d) Confidentiality.--A report published under subsection (a) shall 
not contain any confidential business information.
    (e) Definition of Livestock.--In this section, the term 
``livestock'' includes beef, dairy, pork, lamb, and poultry production 
(including broilers, eggs, and turkeys).

             Subtitle B--Historically Underserved Producers

SEC. 12201. FARMING OPPORTUNITIES TRAINING AND OUTREACH.

    (a) In General.--Section 2501 of the Food, Agriculture, 
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``Secretary of 
                        Agriculture'' and inserting ``Secretary, acting 
                        through the Director of the National Institute 
                        of Food and Agriculture,''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                        ``2029''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``, 
                        including those efforts to resolve ownership 
                        and succession on farmland that has multiple 
                        owners'' after ``programs''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)(i), by inserting 
                        ``, including by providing interpretation and 
                        translation services when appropriate'' before 
                        ``; and'';
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``services,'' and inserting 
                        ``services (including interpretation and 
                        translation services),'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``, 
                        including strategies to resolve ownership and 
                        succession on land that has multiple owners'' 
                        after ``strategies''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (D)--
                                    (I) by striking ``ranchers 
                                acquire'' and inserting the following: 
                                ``ranchers--
                            ``(i) acquire'';
                                    (II) in clause (i) (as so 
                                designated), by adding ``and'' after 
                                the semicolon; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(ii) with other land access issues;''; 
                        and
            (3) in subsection (l)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``fiscal year 2023'' and inserting the 
                        following: ``each of fiscal years 2023 and 
                        2024; and
                    ``(E) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 226B(d) of the Department of Agriculture 
        Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6934(d)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (2); and
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as 
                paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively.
            (2) Section 201(a)(3)(D) of division HH of the Consolidated 
        Appropriations Act, 2023 (7 U.S.C. 6712(a)(3)(D)), is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``2501'' and inserting ``2501(a)''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking ``2279)).'' and inserting 
                ``2279(a))).''.
            (3) Section 1235(f)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
        U.S.C. 3835(f)(1)) is amended, in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) by striking ``2501(e)'' and inserting 
                ``2501(a)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2279(e))),'' and inserting 
                ``2279(a))),''.
            (4) Section 1240B(d)(4)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
        (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(d)(4)(A)) is amended, in the matter 
        preceding clause (i)--
                    (A) by striking ``2501(e)'' and inserting 
                ``2501(a)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2279(e))),'' and inserting 
                ``2279(a))),''.
            (5) Section 1241(h)(4) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
        U.S.C. 3841(h)(4)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``2501(e)'' and inserting 
                ``2501(a)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2279(e)))'' and inserting 
                ``2279(a)))''.
            (6) Section 1244(a)(2)(E) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
        (16 U.S.C. 3844(a)(2)(E)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``2501(e)'' and inserting 
                ``2501(a)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2279(e))).'' and inserting 
                ``2279(a))).''.

SEC. 12202. STRENGTHENING THE TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT.

    Section 2501A(c)(4) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279-1(c)(4)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Accessibility.--Not later than 1 year after 
                the date of enactment of this subparagraph, the 
                Secretary shall, in coordination with the Office of 
                Customer Experience and the Office of Digital Service, 
                ensure that the design of the report described in 
                paragraph (3) is user-friendly, such that the data in 
                the report is easy for users to use and analyze.
                    ``(C) Submission to congress.--The Secretary shall 
                annually submit to the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee 
                on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, as the 
                Secretary determines to be appropriate--
                            ``(i) the report described in paragraph 
                        (3); or
                            ``(ii) the web address of the website 
                        described in subparagraph (A).''.

SEC. 12203. USDA OMBUDSPERSON.

    (a) In General.--Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture 
Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:

``SEC. 224B. USDA OMBUDSPERSON.

    ``(a) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish in the 
        Department the position of USDA Ombudsperson (referred to in 
        this section as the `Ombudsperson'), which shall be a career 
        reserved position (as defined in section 3132(a) of title 5, 
        United States Code) in the Senior Executive Service.
            ``(2) Independent position.--The Secretary shall take 
        appropriate actions to ensure the independence of the 
        Ombudsperson within the Department, including ensuring that the 
        Ombudsperson shall be independent of other Department agencies 
        and offices.
    ``(b) Qualifications.--The Ombudsperson shall have--
            ``(1) a background in civil rights and agriculture; and
            ``(2) comprehensive knowledge of or experience working with 
        the Department.
    ``(c) Functions.--The functions of the Ombudsperson shall be--
            ``(1) to assist farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners 
        with navigating agencies and offices within the Department, 
        including--
                    ``(A) the civil rights offices within the farm 
                production and conservation mission area and the Forest 
                Service; and
                    ``(B) the Office of the Assistant Secretary for 
                Civil Rights;
            ``(2) to work with the Office of the Assistant Secretary 
        for Civil Rights to review progress of complaints referred by 
        the Ombudsperson;
            ``(3) to track the response of the Department to, and the 
        progress of the Department with respect to implementing, 
        recommendations made by Department advisory committees, 
        including--
                    ``(A) the Advisory Committee on Minority Farmers;
                    ``(B) the Tribal Advisory Committee; and
                    ``(C) the Advisory Committee on Beginning Farmers 
                and Ranchers; and
            ``(4) to ensure that the functions performed by the 
        Ombudsperson are complementary to existing functions within the 
        Department.
    ``(d) Referrals.--
            ``(1) Office of the inspector general.--The Ombudsperson 
        shall refer to the Office of the Inspector General of the 
        Department systemic issues that may affect the program delivery 
        by the Department to members of protected classes.
            ``(2) Office of civil rights.--The Ombudsperson shall refer 
        individual complaints of discrimination to the Office of the 
        Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights for processing.
    ``(e) Annual Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than January 31, 2025, and 
        annually thereafter, the Ombudsperson shall submit to the 
        Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
        and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
        Representatives, without prior comment or amendment from the 
        Secretary or any other officer or employee of the Department, 
        or any officer or employee of the Office of Management and 
        Budget, a report that describes the activities of the 
        Ombudsperson during the preceding fiscal year, including--
                    ``(A) the number of program complaints received by 
                the Ombudsperson;
                    ``(B) the number of program complaints referred to 
                the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights 
                by the Ombudsperson; and
                    ``(C) the final determinations of the complaints 
                described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
            ``(2) Public availability.--The annual report described in 
        paragraph (1) shall be made publicly available on the website 
        of the Department.
    ``(f) Funding.--
            ``(1) In general.--There is appropriated, out of amounts in 
        the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $10,000,000 for the 
        period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to carry out this 
        section, to remain available until expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to 
        amounts otherwise made available, there is authorized to be 
        appropriated to carry out this section $2,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until 
        expended.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Subtitle A of the Department of 
Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 is amended by redesignating 
section 225 (7 U.S.C. 6925) (relating to the Food Access Liaison) as 
section 224A.

SEC. 12204. FARMLAND OWNERSHIP.

    Section 12607(c) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 
U.S.C. 2204i(c)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``of'' before ``fiscal''; and
            (2) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 12205. CIVIL RIGHTS ACCOUNTABILITY FOR USDA EMPLOYEES.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Corrective action.--The term ``corrective action'' 
        means any action taken to respond to any covered action, 
        violation, or misconduct that--
                    (A) would enhance civil rights at the Department of 
                Agriculture, including any policy or programmatic 
                changes to prevent similar misconduct from occurring in 
                the future; and
                    (B) may include disciplinary actions, including--
                            (i) removal from Federal service;
                            (ii) suspension without pay;
                            (iii) any reduction in grade or pay; and
                            (iv) a letter of reprimand.
            (2) Covered action, violation, or misconduct.--The term 
        ``covered action, violation, or misconduct'' means a 
        discriminatory action, a retaliatory action, harassment, a 
        civil rights violation, or related misconduct, including the 
        following:
                    (A) Failure to provide a receipt for service in 
                accordance with section 2501A(e) of the Food, 
                Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 
                U.S.C. 2279-1(e)) to any current or prospective 
                applicant for, or participant in, a Department of 
                Agriculture program.
                    (B) Providing an inaccurate receipt for service 
                under such section 2501A(e) to any such current or 
                prospective applicant or participant.
                    (C) Failure to provide appropriate information 
                regarding relevant programs and services at the 
                Department of Agriculture, when requested by any such 
                current or prospective applicant or participant.
                    (D) Failure to timely process applications or 
                otherwise delaying program services to any such current 
                or prospective applicant or participant.
    (b) Requirement.--The Secretary shall ensure that appropriate 
corrective action is taken with respect to any official or employee of 
the Department of Agriculture who has been found to have engaged in any 
covered action, violation, or misconduct while in the course of the 
employment of such official or employee or in administering a 
Department of Agriculture program or service--
            (1) in any administrative finding by the Department of 
        Agriculture, including any final agency decision issued by the 
        Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights and any civil rights 
        compliance review or misconduct investigation conducted by the 
        Department of Agriculture;
            (2) in any Federal administrative or judicial proceeding;
            (3) in any settlement with respect to civil rights;
            (4) in any audit or investigation conducted by the Office 
        of the Inspector General of the Department of Agriculture; or
            (5) in any investigation conducted by the Office of the 
        Special Counsel.

SEC. 12206. EQUITABLE RELIEF RECOMMENDATIONS BY THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY 
              FOR CIVIL RIGHTS.

    (a) Equitable Relief From Ineligibility for Loans, Payments, or 
Other Benefits.--Section 1613 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment 
Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 7996) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), and (h) as 
        subsections (g), (h), and (k), respectively;
            (2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
    ``(f) Equitable Relief Recommendations by the Assistant Secretary 
for Civil Rights.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights 
        (or a designee of the Secretary in the Office of the Assistant 
        Secretary for Civil Rights, if no Assistant Secretary for Civil 
        Rights is appointed and confirmed in accordance with section 
        218(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
        1994 (7 U.S.C. 6918(b))) may recommend that the Secretary grant 
        relief in accordance with subsections (b) through (d) to a 
        participant who files a civil rights program complaint.
            ``(2) Decisions.--The Secretary shall provide a written 
        explanation describing in detail why equitable relief was not 
        granted to a participant who filed a civil rights program 
        complaint if the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights (or the 
        designee of the Secretary) makes a recommendation to the 
        Secretary to grant relief to that participant in accordance 
        with paragraph (1) and such relief was not granted.
            ``(3) Other authority.--The authority provided to the 
        Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights (or the designee of the 
        Secretary) under this subsection is in addition to any other 
        applicable authority and does not limit other authority 
        provided to the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights by law or 
        by the Secretary.''; and
            (3) in subsection (h) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and (e)'' and 
                all that follows through the semicolon and inserting 
                ``and (e), the number of recommendations for equitable 
                relief under subsection (f), and the dispositions of 
                those requests and those recommendations;''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``for equitable 
                relief'' and all that follows through the period at the 
                end and inserting ``and recommendations for equitable 
                relief under section 366 of the Consolidated Farm and 
                Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008a) and the 
                disposition of those requests and those 
                recommendations.''.
    (b) Equitable Relief for Actions Taken in Good Faith.--Section 366 
of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008a) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Limitation.--The Secretary may only provide relief to a 
farmer or rancher under subsection (a) if the Secretary determines that 
the farmer or rancher--
            ``(1) acted in good faith and relied on an action of, or 
        the advice of, the Secretary (including any authorized 
        representative of the Secretary) to the detriment of the 
        farming or ranching operation of the farmer or rancher; or
            ``(2)(A) failed to comply fully with the requirements to 
        receive a loan described in subsection (a)(1), but made a good 
        faith effort to comply with the requirements; and
            ``(B) is otherwise in compliance with the eligibility 
        requirements for a direct farm ownership loan under subtitle A, 
        a direct operating loan under subtitle B, or an emergency loan 
        under subtitle C.'';
            (2) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Equitable Relief Recommendations by the Assistant Secretary 
for Civil Rights.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights 
        (or a designee of the Secretary in the Office of the Assistant 
        Secretary for Civil Rights, if no Assistant Secretary for Civil 
        Rights is appointed and confirmed in accordance with section 
        218(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
        1994 (7 U.S.C. 6918(b))) may recommend that the Secretary grant 
        relief in accordance with subsections (a) through (d) to an 
        individual who files a complaint with respect to civil rights 
        regarding a direct farm ownership, operating, or emergency loan 
        under this title.
            ``(2) Decisions.--The Secretary shall provide a written 
        explanation describing in detail why equitable relief was not 
        granted to an individual who filed a complaint described in 
        paragraph (1) if the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights (or 
        the designee of the Secretary) makes a recommendation to the 
        Secretary to grant relief to the individual in accordance with 
        paragraph (1) and such relief was not granted.
            ``(3) Other authority.--The authority provided to the 
        Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights (or the designee of the 
        Secretary) under this subsection is in addition to any other 
        applicable authority and does not limit other authority 
        provided to the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights by law or 
        by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 12207. ADVISORY COMMITTEE IMPROVEMENTS AND TRANSPARENCY.

    (a) Minority Farmer Advisory Committee.--Section 14008 of the Food, 
Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2279 note; Public Law 
110-246) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                inserting ``, and make recommendations to the Secretary 
                with respect to'' after ``Secretary on'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) ways to eliminate systemic issues and barriers that 
        contribute to limited participation among minority farmers and 
        ranchers in such programs; and
            ``(5) engagement with community-based organizations, civil 
        rights organizations, institutions of higher education, and 
        faith-based organizations to improve outreach and technical 
        assistance to minority farmers and ranchers.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not less frequently than once each year, 
        the Committee shall submit to the Secretary a report that 
        describes--
                    ``(A) the advice provided and recommendations made 
                to the Secretary under subsection (b) during the 
                previous year;
                    ``(B) the activities of the Committee during the 
                previous year; and
                    ``(C) recommendations for legislative or 
                administrative action for the following year.
            ``(2) Response from the secretary.--Not later than 90 days 
        after the date on which the Secretary receives a report under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit a written response to 
        that report to the Committee.
            ``(3) Public availability.--The Secretary shall make the 
        report under paragraph (1) and the written responses under 
        paragraph (2) publicly available on the website of the 
        Department of Agriculture.''.
    (b) Advisory Committee on Beginning Farmers and Ranchers.--Section 
5(b) of the Agricultural Credit Improvement Act of 1992 (7 U.S.C. 1929 
note; Public Law 102-554) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                inserting ``(referred to in this subsection as the 
                `Advisory Committee')'' after ``Ranchers'''; and
                    (B) by striking subparagraphs (A) through (E) and 
                inserting the following:
                    ``(A) improvements to--
                            ``(i) the program of coordinated assistance 
                        to qualified beginning farmers and ranchers 
                        under section 309(i) of the Consolidated Farm 
                        and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1929(i));
                            ``(ii) the Beginning Farmer and Rancher 
                        Development Grant Program under section 2501(d) 
                        of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
                        Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(d));
                            ``(iii) direct operating loans under 
                        subtitle B of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
                        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1941 et seq.) 
                        provided to qualified beginning farmers and 
                        ranchers (as defined in section 343(a) of that 
                        Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)));
                            ``(iv) the Local Agriculture Market Program 
                        under section 210A of the Agricultural 
                        Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1627c); and
                            ``(v) other programs administered by the 
                        Department of Agriculture with the potential to 
                        serve primarily beginning farmers and ranchers, 
                        as identified by the Advisory Committee;
                    ``(B) methods of maximizing the number of new 
                farming and ranching opportunities created through the 
                programs described in subparagraph (A); and
                    ``(C) other methods of creating new farming or 
                ranching opportunities.'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``Farmers Home 
        Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service Agency''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Reports.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not less frequently than once 
                each year, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the 
                Secretary a report that describes--
                            ``(i) the advice provided to the Secretary 
                        under paragraph (1) during the previous year;
                            ``(ii) the activities of the Advisory 
                        Committee during the previous year; and
                            ``(iii) recommendations for legislative or 
                        administrative action for the following year.
                    ``(B) Response from the secretary.--Not later than 
                90 days after the date on which the Secretary receives 
                a report under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall 
                submit a written response to that report to the 
                Advisory Committee.
                    ``(C) Public availability.--The Secretary shall 
                make the report under subparagraph (A) and the written 
                responses under subparagraph (B) publicly available on 
                the website of the Department of Agriculture.''.

SEC. 12208. OFFICE OF URBAN AGRICULTURE AND INNOVATIVE PRODUCTION.

    (a) Office.--Section 222(a) of the Department of Agriculture 
Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) and (G) as 
                subparagraphs (G) and (H), respectively;
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the 
                following:
                    ``(F) providing guidance on barriers to business 
                establishment and operation;'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (G) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (D) in subparagraph (H) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and''; 
                and
                    (E) by adding the following at the end:
                                    ``(I) promoting conservation 
                                techniques unique to urban agriculture 
                                and urban environmental impacts.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Cooperative agreements.--
                    ``(A) Definition of eligible entity.--In this 
                paragraph, the term `eligible entity' means any of the 
                following:
                            ``(i) A nonprofit organization.
                            ``(ii) An agricultural cooperative.
                            ``(iii) A unit of local government.
                            ``(iv) An Indian Tribe or Tribal 
                        organization (as those terms are defined in 
                        section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and 
                        Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)).
                            ``(v) Any other Tribal entity (as 
                        determined by the Secretary).
                            ``(vi) A Native Hawaiian organization (as 
                        defined in section 6207 of the Elementary and 
                        Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
                        7517)).
                            ``(vii) An agricultural producer group, 
                        farmer or rancher cooperative, or majority-
                        controlled producer-based business venture (as 
                        determined by the Secretary).
                            ``(viii) Any school that serves any of 
                        grades kindergarten through grade 12.
                    ``(B) Requirement.--
                            ``(i) Cooperative agreements.--The Director 
                        shall enter into cooperative agreements with 
                        eligible entities to support the implementation 
                        of 1 or more responsibilities described in 
                        paragraph (4) through outreach, education, 
                        technical assistance, or other activities that 
                        support the expansion and success of urban 
                        agriculture and innovative production 
                        operations.
                            ``(ii) Streamlining.--To the maximum extent 
                        practicable, the Director shall utilize any 
                        existing cooperative agreements or 
                        collaborations with eligible entities to 
                        fulfill the responsibilities described in 
                        paragraph (4) effectively and efficiently.
                    ``(C) Priority.--In entering into cooperative 
                agreements under subparagraph (B), the Director shall 
                give priority to cooperative agreements with an 
                eligible entity that--
                            ``(i) serves geographic areas with high 
                        concentrations of urban or suburban farms;
                            ``(ii) has established relationships with, 
                        or a history of serving, historically 
                        underserved populations;
                            ``(iii) has experience working with 
                        individuals with limited English proficiency; 
                        or
                            ``(iv) demonstrates experience providing 
                        urban agriculture technical assistance in their 
                        geographic region.
                    ``(D) Microgrants.--
                            ``(i) In general.--An eligible entity may 
                        use funds from a cooperative agreement 
                        established under this paragraph to provide 
                        microgrants to urban and innovative producers 
                        for purchases of farm and production equipment, 
                        water infrastructure, or other investments to 
                        support the growth of the farm or farm business 
                        of the urban or innovative producer.
                            ``(ii) Limitation on use of funds.--An 
                        urban or innovative producer receiving a 
                        microgrant under clause (i) may not use the 
                        grant for the purchase or construction of--
                                    ``(I) a building;
                                    ``(II) general purpose equipment; 
                                or
                                    ``(III) a nonagricultural 
                                structure.''.
    (b) Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production Advisory 
Committee.--Section 222(b) of the Department of Agriculture 
Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (5)(B), by striking ``1 year after the 
        date on which the Committee is established, and every 2 years 
        through 2023'' and inserting ``2 years after the date of 
        enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024, and every 2 years thereafter through 2029''; and
            (2) in paragraph (7)(A), by striking ``the date that'' and 
        all that follows through the period at the end and inserting 
        ``September 30, 2029.''.
    (c) Grants.--Section 222 of the Department of Agriculture 
Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923) is amended by striking 
subsection (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Grants.--
            ``(1) Authorization.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Director shall award 
                competitive grants to support the development of urban 
                agriculture and innovative production, such as 
                community gardens, urban farms, rooftop farms, indoor 
                farms, controlled-environment agriculture, urban 
                agroforestry, and vertical production.
                    ``(B) Priority.--In awarding competitive grants 
                under this subsection, the Director shall prioritize 
                projects that improve access to local foods in areas 
                where access to fresh, healthy food is limited.
            ``(2) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to receive a 
        grant under paragraph (1)(A) is any of the following:
                    ``(A) A nonprofit organization.
                    ``(B) A unit of local government.
                    ``(C) An Indian Tribe or Tribal organization (as 
                those terms are defined in section 4 of the Indian 
                Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 
                U.S.C. 5304)).
                    ``(D) Any other Tribal entity (as determined by the 
                Secretary).
                    ``(E) A Native Hawaiian organization (as defined in 
                section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education 
                Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517)).
                    ``(F) An agricultural producer group, farmer or 
                rancher cooperative, or majority-controlled producer-
                based business venture (as determined by the 
                Secretary).
                    ``(G) Any school that serves any of grades 
                kindergarten through grade 12.''.
    (d) Urban and Suburban Committees.--Section 222(d) of the 
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923(d)) 
is amended--
            (1) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Pilot 
        Projects'' and inserting ``Projects''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Urban and suburban committees.--
                    ``(A) Definition of urban and suburban committee.--
                In this paragraph, the term `urban and suburban 
                committee' means a county committee in an urban or 
                suburban area established under--
                            ``(i) this subparagraph (as in effect on 
                        the day before the date of enactment of the 
                        Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024) 
                        before that date of enactment; or
                            ``(ii) subparagraph (B)(ii) on or after 
                        that date of enactment.
                    ``(B) Maintenance and establishment of urban and 
                suburban committees.--
                            ``(i) Maintenance of existing urban and 
                        suburban committees.--The Secretary shall 
                        maintain--
                                    ``(I) each urban and suburban 
                                committee existing as of the date of 
                                enactment of the Rural Prosperity and 
                                Food Security Act of 2024; and
                                    ``(II) each urban and suburban 
                                committee established under clause 
                                (ii).
                            ``(ii) Establishment of new urban and 
                        suburban committees.--Not later than 1 year 
                        after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, and 
                        annually thereafter, as appropriate, the 
                        Secretary shall establish new urban and 
                        suburban committees in accordance with 
                        subparagraph (C).
                            ``(iii) Physical office locations for urban 
                        and suburban committees.--The Secretary shall 
                        ensure that each urban and suburban committee 
                        has a physical office location to service the 
                        needs of urban, suburban, or innovative 
                        agricultural producers.
                    ``(C) Requirements for maintenance and 
                establishment of urban and suburban committees.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The maintenance and 
                        establishment of urban and suburban committees 
                        under subparagraph (B) shall be carried out in 
                        accordance with section 8(b)(5)(B) of the Soil 
                        Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 
                        U.S.C. 590h(b)(5)(B)).
                            ``(ii) Stakeholder input.--In determining 
                        where to establish a new urban and suburban 
                        committee under subparagraph (B)(ii), the 
                        Secretary shall consider feedback from local 
                        stakeholders on the need for a new urban and 
                        suburban committee in the applicable area.
                    ``(D) Purpose of urban and suburban committees.--
                The purpose of an urban and suburban committee shall 
                be--
                            ``(i) to operate in an urban or suburban 
                        area with a high concentration of urban, 
                        suburban, or innovative farms;
                            ``(ii) to carry out the responsibilities 
                        described in subparagraph (G); and
                            ``(iii) to operate with a committee 
                        membership that is fairly representative of the 
                        producers in the applicable urban or suburban 
                        area.
                    ``(E) Offices of urban and suburban committees.--
                            ``(i) Structure.--The office of an urban 
                        and suburban committee shall be structured--
                                    ``(I) as a non-regional office that 
                                serves--
                                            ``(aa) a single county;
                                            ``(bb) a group of 
                                        contiguous counties; or
                                            ``(cc) a contiguous area 
                                        that includes portions of 2 or 
                                        more counties; or
                                    ``(II) as a regional office that 
                                serves a group of noncontiguous urban 
                                or suburban areas that cover a region.
                            ``(ii) Minimum staff allocations in non-
                        regional offices of urban and suburban 
                        committees.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--The staff in the 
                                physical office of an urban and 
                                suburban committee structured as 
                                described in clause (i)(I) shall 
                                include, at a minimum--
                                            ``(aa) urban and suburban 
                                        committee members based on 
                                        whether the office serves a 
                                        single county or multiple 
                                        counties;
                                            ``(bb) an Executive 
                                        Director;
                                            ``(cc) at least 1 employee 
                                        of the Natural Resources 
                                        Conservation Service;
                                            ``(dd) subject to subclause 
                                        (II), a farm loan officer; and
                                            ``(ee) such additional 
                                        staff equal to the national 
                                        average number of additional 
                                        staff of county offices.
                                    ``(II) Farm loan officer.--In lieu 
                                of having a farm loan officer on staff 
                                under subclause (I)(dd), the office of 
                                an urban and suburban committee may 
                                provide dedicated weekly, publicly 
                                advertised, office hours by a farm loan 
                                officer that is not on the staff of the 
                                urban and suburban committee.
                            ``(iii) Minimum staff allocations in 
                        regional offices of urban and suburban 
                        committees.--The staff in the physical office 
                        of an urban and suburban committee structured 
                        as described in clause (i)(II) shall include, 
                        at a minimum--
                                    ``(I) urban and suburban committee 
                                members, the number of which shall be 
                                based on standards established by the 
                                Secretary for combined county offices;
                                    ``(II) an Executive Director of the 
                                office established in an area served by 
                                the urban and suburban committee;
                                    ``(III) at least 2 employees of the 
                                Natural Resources Conservation Service;
                                    ``(IV) a farm loan officer; and
                                    ``(V) such additional staff as are 
                                necessary to equal the national average 
                                number of staff present in combined 
                                offices nationwide.
                            ``(iv) Dedicated space for duty stations.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--The office of an 
                                urban and suburban committee shall 
                                maintain at least 1 dedicated, publicly 
                                accessible space in the area served by 
                                the urban and suburban committee--
                                            ``(aa) to act as the duty 
                                        station for the staff of the 
                                        office; and
                                            ``(bb) at which the staff 
                                        of the office may meet with and 
                                        serve customers of the office.
                                    ``(II) Acceptable forms.--A 
                                dedicated space described in subclause 
                                (I) may be--
                                            ``(aa) a space colocated 
                                        with the offices of--

                                                    ``(AA) a State, 
                                                local, or Tribal 
                                                government; or

                                                    ``(BB) a nonprofit 
                                                organization; or

                                            ``(bb) a space, including a 
                                        shared space, at which a staff 
                                        member of the office is present 
                                        at least 1 day each week 
                                        pursuant to a rotational 
                                        schedule type of arrangement.
                    ``(F) State offices.--
                            ``(i) States with multiple offices of urban 
                        and suburban committees.--
                                    ``(I) District directors.--The 
                                Secretary shall ensure that an urban 
                                district director is stationed at each 
                                Farm Service Agency State office that 
                                serves a State in which more than 1 
                                office described in subparagraph (E) is 
                                established.
                                    ``(II) FSA state specialists.--In 
                                order to provide specialized support 
                                for outreach and technical assistance 
                                to urban and suburban committees and 
                                offices established under this 
                                subsection, the Secretary may station a 
                                State specialist in the Farm Service 
                                Agency State office of a State 
                                described in subclause (I).
                                    ``(III) Service of multiple 
                                states.--Subject to subclause (II), a 
                                State specialist stationed at a Farm 
                                Service Agency State office described 
                                in that subclause may serve 1 or more 
                                States described in clause (ii)(I) in 
                                addition to the State described in that 
                                subclause.
                            ``(ii) NRCS state specialists.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--The Secretary 
                                may station an urban agriculture and 
                                innovative production State specialist 
                                in a State office of the Natural 
                                Resources Conservation Service that 
                                serves a State in which only 1 office 
                                described in subparagraph (E) is 
                                established.
                                    ``(II) Service of multiple 
                                states.--The Secretary may require a 
                                State specialist described in subclause 
                                (I) stationed at a State office 
                                described in that subclause to serve 1 
                                or more States described in that 
                                subclause.
                    ``(G) Responsibilities of urban and suburban 
                committees.--Each urban and suburban committee shall--
                            ``(i) assist the Department in improving 
                        the delivery and performance of programs 
                        administered by the Secretary for urban, 
                        suburban, and innovative producers by 
                        identifying local, urban, and suburban 
                        agriculture and innovative production needs;
                            ``(ii) conduct, in coordination with the 
                        Farm Service Agency and the Natural Resources 
                        Conservation Service, outreach to local 
                        stakeholders to provide education on and 
                        promote Department programs and services, with 
                        an emphasis on field level Farm Service Agency 
                        and Natural Resources Conservation Service 
                        programs in urban and suburban areas;
                            ``(iii) advise the staff of the office of 
                        the urban and suburban committee;
                            ``(iv) select an Executive Director, who 
                        shall--
                                    ``(I) execute the policies 
                                established by the urban and suburban 
                                committee; and
                                    ``(II) be responsible for the day-
                                to-day operations of the office of the 
                                urban and suburban committee;
                            ``(v) recommend and review local 
                        administrative area boundaries based on the 
                        structure of the office of the urban and 
                        suburban committee, as described in 
                        subparagraph (E)(i);
                            ``(vi) facilitate general session meetings 
                        at least once per quarter;
                            ``(vii) make recommendations on producer 
                        applications, as appropriate;
                            ``(viii) provide committee data to other 
                        government agencies, on request;
                            ``(ix) inform State committees and others 
                        in the Farm Service Agency and the Natural 
                        Resources Conservation Service about 
                        suggestions made by agricultural producers 
                        relating to Department programs; and
                            ``(x) conduct hearings as directed by the 
                        applicable Farm Service Agency State 
                        committees.
                    ``(H) Urban and suburban committee elections.--
                            ``(i) Elections.--The election of members 
                        to an urban and suburban committee shall be 
                        administered according to section 
                        8(b)(5)(B)(iii) of the Soil Conservation and 
                        Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 
                        590h(b)(5)(B)(iii)).
                            ``(ii) Eligibility.--To be eligible for 
                        nomination and election to an urban and 
                        suburban committee, an agricultural producer--
                                    ``(I) shall--
                                            ``(aa) be located within 
                                        the area under the jurisdiction 
                                        of the urban and suburban 
                                        committee;
                                            ``(bb) participate in 
                                        programs administered within 
                                        that area;
                                            ``(cc) produce, sell, or 
                                        distribute goods using urban, 
                                        indoor, or other innovative and 
                                        emerging agricultural 
                                        practices, as determined by the 
                                        Secretary; and
                                    ``(II) shall not participate in any 
                                other county committee established by 
                                the Farm Service Agency.
                            ``(iii) Temporary appointment.--In 
                        establishing a new urban and suburban committee 
                        under subparagraph (B)(ii), the Secretary may 
                        appoint initial members of that urban and 
                        suburban committee for an initial term of 
                        office not to exceed 1 year, until such time as 
                        the members of the urban and suburban committee 
                        are elected in accordance with clauses (i) and 
                        (ii).
                    ``(I) Effect.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Nothing in this 
                        paragraph requires or precludes the 
                        establishment of a Farm Service Agency or 
                        Natural Resources Conservation Service office 
                        in a county in which an urban and suburban 
                        committee is established.
                            ``(ii) Colocation.--In cases in which the 
                        office of an urban and suburban committee is 
                        colocated with a county committee that is not 
                        an urban and suburban committee, farm loan 
                        staff of the Farm Service Agency shall provide 
                        assistance to the urban, suburban, and 
                        innovative producers in the service area of 
                        that urban and suburban committee.
                    ``(J) Report.--For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal 
                year thereafter through fiscal year 2029, the Secretary 
                shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the 
                House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
                report describing--
                            ``(i) the status of the urban and suburban 
                        committees;
                            ``(ii) any meetings and other activities of 
                        the urban and suburban committees; and
                            ``(iii) the types and volume of assistance 
                        and services provided to farmers in counties in 
                        which urban and suburban committees are 
                        established.
                    ``(K) Limitation on closure.--The office of an 
                urban and suburban committee referred to in 
                subparagraph (E) shall not be closed unless an Act 
                making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture 
                or another Act of Congress specifically authorizes such 
                closure.''.
    (e) Increasing Community Compost and Reducing Food Waste.--Section 
222(d) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 
U.S.C. 6923(d)) is amended by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the 
following--
            ``(2) Increasing community compost and reducing food 
        waste.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary, acting through 
                the Director, shall offer to enter into cooperative 
                agreements with eligible entities described in 
                subparagraph (C)(i) in not fewer than 10 States to 
                develop and test strategies for--
                            ``(i) planning and implementing municipal 
                        compost plans and food waste reduction plans; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) the construction of at-scale 
                        composting or anaerobic digestion food waste-
                        to-energy facilities.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--An entity that receives 
                assistance under this paragraph shall not use that 
                assistance for an anaerobic digester that uses manure 
                as the majority of its undigested biomass.
                    ``(C) Eligible entities and purposes of projects.--
                            ``(i) Eligible entities.--An entity 
                        eligible to enter into a cooperative agreement 
                        under subparagraph (A) is--
                                    ``(I) a State, local, or municipal 
                                government;
                                    ``(II) a special district 
                                government (including a soil and water 
                                conservation district);
                                    ``(III) an Indian Tribe or Tribal 
                                organization (as those terms are 
                                defined in section 4 of the Indian 
                                Self-Determination and Education 
                                Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                                    ``(IV) any other Tribal entity (as 
                                determined by the Secretary); or
                                    ``(V) a Native Hawaiian 
                                organization (as defined in section 
                                6207 of the Elementary and Secondary 
                                Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
                                7517)).
                            ``(ii) Purposes of projects.--Under a 
                        cooperative agreement entered into under this 
                        paragraph, the Secretary shall provide 
                        assistance to eligible entities described in 
                        clause (i), as the Secretary determines to be 
                        appropriate, to carry out planning and 
                        implementing activities that will--
                                    ``(I) generate compost;
                                    ``(II) increase access to compost 
                                for agricultural producers;
                                    ``(III) reduce reliance on, and 
                                limit the use of, fertilizer;
                                    ``(IV) improve soil quality;
                                    ``(V) encourage waste management 
                                and permaculture business development;
                                    ``(VI) develop food waste-to-energy 
                                operations;
                                    ``(VII) increase rainwater 
                                absorption;
                                    ``(VIII) reduce municipal food 
                                waste; and
                                    ``(IX) divert food waste from 
                                landfills.
                    ``(D) Evaluation and ranking of applications.--
                            ``(i) Criteria.--Not later than 180 days 
                        after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the 
                        Secretary shall establish criteria for the 
                        selection of projects under this paragraph.
                            ``(ii) Consideration.--In selecting, 
                        undertaking, or funding projects under this 
                        paragraph, the Secretary shall consider any 
                        commonly known significant impact on existing 
                        food waste recovery and disposal by commercial, 
                        marketing, or business relationships.
                            ``(iii) Priority.--In selecting a project 
                        under this paragraph, the Secretary shall give 
                        priority to an application for a project that--
                                    ``(I) anticipates or demonstrates 
                                economic benefits;
                                    ``(II) incorporates plans to make 
                                compost easily accessible to 
                                agricultural producers, including 
                                community gardeners;
                                    ``(III) integrates other food waste 
                                strategies, including food recovery 
                                efforts; and
                                    ``(IV) provides for collaboration 
                                with multiple partners.
                            ``(iv) Limitation.--Each fiscal year, not 
                        more than 40 percent of the amounts awarded by 
                        the Secretary under this paragraph for that 
                        fiscal year may be awarded to State 
                        governments.
                    ``(E) Matching requirement.--The recipient of 
                assistance for a project under this paragraph shall 
                provide funds, in-kind contributions, or a combination 
                of both from sources other than funds provided through 
                the grant in an amount equal to not less than 25 
                percent of the amount of the grant.
                    ``(F) Evaluation.--The Secretary shall conduct an 
                evaluation of the projects funded under this paragraph 
                to assess different solutions for increasing access to 
                compost and reducing municipal food waste, including an 
                evaluation of--
                            ``(i) the amount of Federal funds used for 
                        each project; and
                            ``(ii) a measurement of the outcomes of 
                        each project.''.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 222 of the Department 
of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923) is amended by 
striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Out of amounts in the Treasury 
        not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the 
        Secretary to carry out subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d)(2) 
        $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year 
        thereafter, to remain available until expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to any 
        other amounts available to the Secretary, there is authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out the provisions referred to in 
        paragraph (1) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029, to remain available until expended.
            ``(3) Effect.--For purposes of any appropriations and 
        provisos thereto regarding the salaries and expenses of the 
        Farm Service Agency, an office of an urban and suburban 
        committee referred to in subsection (d)(1)(E) shall be deemed 
        to be a county office unless that provision differentiates 
        between a county office and an office of an urban and suburban 
        committee.''.

SEC. 12209. OFFICE OF SMALL FARMS.

    (a) Establishment.--Subtitle D of title VII of the Farm Security 
and Rural Investment Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after section 
7404 (7 U.S.C. 6934a) the following:

``SEC. 7404A. OFFICE OF SMALL FARMS.

    ``(a) Definitions.--
            ``(1) Director.--The term `Director' means the Director of 
        the Office of Small Farms established under subsection 
        (b)(2)(A).
            ``(2) State office.--The term `State office' means--
                    ``(A) a State office of--
                            ``(i) the Farm Service Agency;
                            ``(ii) the Natural Resources Conservation 
                        Service; or
                            ``(iii) the rural development mission area; 
                        or
                    ``(B) a regional office of the Risk Management 
                Agency.
    ``(b) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish in the 
        Department the Office of Small Farms.
            ``(2) Director.--The Secretary shall establish in the 
        Office of Small Farms the position of Director, who shall be 
        appointed by the Secretary.
            ``(3) National small farms coordinators.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall designate in 
                each agency, office, and mission area described in 
                subparagraph (B) a National Small Farms Coordinator.
                    ``(B) Agencies, offices, and mission areas 
                described.--The agencies, offices, and mission areas 
                referred to in subparagraph (A) are--
                            ``(i) the Farm Service Agency;
                            ``(ii) the Natural Resources Conservation 
                        Service;
                            ``(iii) the Rural Business-Cooperative 
                        Service;
                            ``(iv) the Rural Utilities Service;
                            ``(v) the Forest Service;
                            ``(vi) the Agricultural Marketing Service; 
                        and
                            ``(vii) any other agency, office, or 
                        mission area of the Department that the 
                        Secretary determines to be appropriate.
    ``(c) Duties of the Director.--The Director--
            ``(1) shall, not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this section, coordinate with the relevant 
        agencies, offices, and mission areas of the Department--
                    ``(A) to examine and update the definitions of 
                `small farm', `small-sized farm', `small agricultural 
                operation', `small-scale farmer', `small farmer', and 
                other similar terms, such that the definitions include 
                a limited resource farmer, rancher, or forest landowner 
                or a farm, a ranch, or forest land owned or operated by 
                a limited resource farmer, rancher, or forest 
                landowner;
                    ``(B) to examine, update, and streamline the 
                definition of `limited resource farmer or rancher', 
                such that the definition includes--
                            ``(i) farmers, ranchers, or forest 
                        landowners receiving assistance under--
                                    ``(I) the Food and Nutrition Act of 
                                2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.);
                                    ``(II) title XIX of the Social 
                                Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.);
                                    ``(III) the low-income home energy 
                                assistance program established under 
                                the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance 
                                Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 8621 et seq.); 
                                or
                                    ``(IV) any other need-based Federal 
                                or State assistance programs; and
                            ``(ii) other economically distressed 
                        farmers, ranchers, or forest landowners, as 
                        determined by the Secretary; and
                    ``(C) to create a list of Department programs with 
                set-asides, targeted funding, or priorities for small 
                farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners;
            ``(2) shall advise the Secretary and coordinate activities 
        of the Department regarding programs, policies, and issues 
        relating to small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners;
            ``(3) shall track application and participation rates of 
        small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners, including a 
        breakdown of limited resource farmers, ranchers, and forest 
        landowners, for the programs identified under paragraph (1)(C);
            ``(4) shall determine whether to approve a plan submitted 
        by a State small farms coordinator under subsection 
        (f)(3)(A)(ii);
            ``(5) shall facilitate interagency and interdepartmental 
        collaboration on issues relating to small farmers, ranchers, 
        and forest landowners at the national level;
            ``(6) shall--
                    ``(A) regularly review Department programs and 
                policies and identify statutes, regulations, policies, 
                and guidance that disadvantage small farm, ranch, or 
                forest operation participation;
                    ``(B) recommend changes to ensure that those 
                programs and policies adequately serve small farms, 
                ranches, and forest operations; and
                    ``(C) regularly review and update the list created 
                under paragraph (1)(C), in coordination with the 
                relevant agencies, offices, and mission areas of the 
                Department;
            ``(7) shall regularly review Department research agendas 
        and proposed research agendas on topics that are of special 
        interest to small farms, ranches, and forest operations;
            ``(8) shall establish a program to provide grants of not 
        more than $25,000, through the authority under subsection (e), 
        a State small farms coordinator designated under subsection 
        (f)(1)(A), or both, to operators of small farms, ranches, and 
        forest operations for equipment and infrastructure repairs and 
        upgrades, uninsured losses, business planning and market 
        development assistance, conservation practice adoption, down 
        payments for land acquisition, and such other purposes as the 
        Secretary determines to be appropriate;
            ``(9) shall, not later than December 31, 2025, and every 2 
        years thereafter, submit to the Secretary a report that 
        contains a summary of the reviews and recommendations described 
        in paragraphs (6) and (7) and the total amount of grants 
        awarded under paragraph (8) to small farms, ranches, and forest 
        operations by State, which the Secretary shall make publicly 
        available on the website of the Department; and
            ``(10) shall carry out other duties to improve access to, 
        and participation in, programs of the Department by small 
        farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners.
    ``(d) Duties of the National Small Farms Coordinators.--Each 
National Small Farms Coordinator shall--
            ``(1) coordinate with the Office of Small Farms and the 
        other National Small Farms Coordinators to develop and 
        implement new strategies for outreach to and education of small 
        farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners;
            ``(2) coordinate within the agency, office, or mission area 
        of the National Small Farms Coordinator on issues and outreach 
        relating to small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners; and
            ``(3) assist the Director in tracking application and 
        participation rates pursuant to subsection (c)(3) within the 
        agency, office, or mission area of the National Small Farms 
        Coordinator.
    ``(e) Contracts and Cooperative Agreements.--In carrying out the 
duties under subsections (c) and (d), the Director may enter into a 
contract or cooperative agreement with an institution of higher 
education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), cooperative extension services (as defined in 
section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)), or a nonprofit 
organization--
            ``(1) to develop educational materials;
            ``(2) to conduct workshops, courses, training, or certified 
        vocational training;
            ``(3) to conduct mentoring activities; or
            ``(4) to provide grants under subsection (c)(8).
    ``(f) State Small Farms Coordinators.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Designation.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Director, in 
                        consultation with State food and agriculture 
                        councils and directors of State offices, shall 
                        designate in each State a State small farms 
                        coordinator from among the employees of State 
                        offices.
                            ``(ii) Employees.--The employee of a State 
                        office designated to be a State small farms 
                        coordinator may be the same employee designated 
                        to be the State beginning farmer and rancher 
                        coordinator under section 7404(c).
                    ``(B) Requirements.--To be designated as a State 
                small farms coordinator, an employee shall--
                            ``(i) be familiar with issues relating to 
                        small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) have the ability to coordinate with 
                        other Federal departments and agencies.
            ``(2) Training.--The Secretary shall develop a training 
        plan to provide to each State small farms coordinator knowledge 
        of programs and services available from the Department for 
        small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners, taking into 
        consideration the needs of all types of production methods.
            ``(3) Duties.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A State small farms 
                coordinator--
                            ``(i) shall coordinate technical assistance 
                        at the State level to assist small farmers, 
                        ranchers, and forest landowners in accessing 
                        programs of the Department;
                            ``(ii) shall develop and submit to the 
                        Director for approval a State plan to improve 
                        the coordination, delivery, and efficacy of 
                        programs of the Department to small farmers, 
                        ranchers, and forest landowners, taking into 
                        consideration the needs of all types of 
                        production methods, at each county and area 
                        office in the State;
                            ``(iii) shall oversee implementation of an 
                        approved State plan described in clause (ii);
                            ``(iv) may facilitate interagency and 
                        interdepartmental collaboration on issues 
                        relating to small farmers, ranchers, and forest 
                        landowners at the State or regional level;
                            ``(v) shall work with outreach coordinators 
                        in the State offices to ensure appropriate 
                        information about technical assistance is 
                        available at outreach events and activities;
                            ``(vi) shall coordinate partnerships and 
                        joint outreach efforts with other organizations 
                        and government agencies serving small farmers, 
                        ranchers, and forest landowners; and
                            ``(vii) may provide grants under subsection 
                        (c)(8), in accordance with criteria established 
                        by the Director.
                    ``(B) Individual duties.--Not less than 50 percent 
                of the duties of an employee designated to be a State 
                small farms coordinator shall be the duties described 
                in subparagraph (A) or other duties relating to small 
                farms, ranches, and forest operations.
    ``(g) Funding for Grants.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Out of amounts in the Treasury 
        not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the 
        Secretary for grants under subsection (c)(8) $5,000,000 for 
        fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain 
        available until expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary for grants under subsection 
        (c)(8) $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, 
        to remain available until expended.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 226B(e)(2) of the Department of 
Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6934(e)(2)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraph (A); and
            (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (D) as 
        subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively.

SEC. 12210. STRENGTHENING THE FARM AND FOOD SYSTEM WORKFORCE.

    (a) Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator.--Section 226B of 
the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 
6934) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)(2)(B) (as redesignated by section 
        12201(b)(1)(B)), by striking ``Farmworker Coordinator'' and 
        inserting ``Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator''; and
            (2) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Farmworker'' and inserting ``Farm and Food System 
                Workforce'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Farmworker 
                Coordinator'' and inserting ``Farm and Food System 
                Workforce Coordinator'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``organizations'' and inserting 
                        ``organizations, institutions of higher 
                        education, and local educational agencies'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
                        ``institutions on research, program 
                        improvements, or agricultural education 
                        opportunities'' and inserting ``institutions or 
                        community-based nonprofit organizations on 
                        research, program improvements, agricultural 
                        education opportunities, or technical skills 
                        and job training programs''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) Developing and implementing a plan to 
                coordinate outreach activities and services provided by 
                the Department with respect to farmworkers and food 
                system workers.
                    ``(H) Collaborating with and providing input to the 
                agencies and offices of the Department on programmatic 
                and policy decisions relating to farmworkers and food 
                system workers.
                    ``(I) Communicating information to employers of 
                farmworkers and food system workers about Federal 
                programs for which the employees of those employers may 
                be eligible.
                    ``(J) Collaborating with the agencies and offices 
                of the Department, as appropriate, to inform research 
                priorities and activities of the Department relating to 
                farmworkers and food system workers.
                    ``(K) Measuring and analyzing outcomes of the 
                programs and activities, including outreach programs 
                and activities, of the Department on farmworkers and 
                food system workers.
                    ``(L) Recommending new initiatives and programs to 
                the Secretary.
                    ``(M) Carrying out any other related duties that 
                the Secretary determines to be appropriate.''; and
                    (D) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(3) Report.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not less frequently than once 
                each year, the Coordinator shall submit to the 
                Secretary a report (in English, Spanish, and any other 
                languages that the Coordinator determines to be 
                appropriate) that describes--
                            ``(i) the activities of the Coordinator 
                        during the previous year;
                            ``(ii) any identified barriers that 
                        farmworkers or food system workers face in 
                        accessing Department programs;
                            ``(iii) recommendations for legislative or 
                        administrative action for the following year 
                        that will improve the work and livelihoods of 
                        farmworkers or food system workers; and
                            ``(iv) any other appropriate information, 
                        as determined by the Coordinator.
                    ``(B) Public availability.--The Secretary shall 
                make each report under subparagraph (A) publicly 
                available on the website of the Department of 
                Agriculture.
            ``(4) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $5,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.''.
    (b) Farmworker and Food System Worker Advisory Committee.--
            (1) Establishment.--Not later than 2 years after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish an 
        advisory committee, to be known as the ``Farmworker and Food 
        System Worker Advisory Committee'' (referred to in this 
        subsection as the ``Advisory Committee'').
            (2) Duties.--The Advisory Committee shall provide to the 
        Secretary advice on--
                    (A) integrating farmworker and food system worker 
                perspectives, concerns, and interests into the ongoing 
                programs of the Department; and
                    (B) improving--
                            (i) farmworker and food system worker 
                        safety;
                            (ii) research programs relating to 
                        farmworkers and food system workers;
                            (iii) agricultural education and technical 
                        skills opportunities for farmworkers and food 
                        system workers; and
                            (iv) job training programs that assist 
                        farmworkers and food system workers.
            (3) Membership.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed 
        of not more than 20 members, who shall be appointed by the 
        Secretary from among individuals nominated by the public, and 
        shall include--
                    (A) not fewer than 5 farmworkers or food system 
                workers;
                    (B) not fewer than 2 civil rights representatives 
                with a history of working on issues relating to 
                farmworkers or food system workers;
                    (C) not fewer than 4 representatives of nonprofit 
                organizations with a history of working on issues faced 
                by farmworkers or food system workers, of whom 2 shall 
                have focused expertise on issues faced by women 
                farmworkers or food system workers;
                    (D) not fewer than 2 representatives of labor 
                unions with a history of representing farmworkers or 
                food system workers;
                    (E) not fewer than 2 representatives of 
                institutions of higher education with demonstrated 
                experience working with farmworkers or food system 
                workers; and
                    (F) such other individuals as the Secretary 
                considers to be appropriate.
            (4) Limitation.--No member of the Advisory Committee shall 
        be an officer or employee of the Federal Government.
            (5) Period of appointment.--
                    (A) In general.--Each member of the Advisory 
                Committee--
                            (i) subject to clause (ii) and subparagraph 
                        (B), shall be appointed to a 3-year term; and
                            (ii) may be reappointed to not more than 3 
                        consecutive terms.
                    (B) Initial staggering.--The first 6 appointments 
                by the Secretary under paragraph (3) shall be for a 2-
                year term.
                    (C) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Advisory 
                Committee shall be filled--
                            (i) in the same manner as the original 
                        appointment was made; and
                            (ii) not more than 90 days after the date 
                        on which the position becomes vacant.
            (6) Meetings.--
                    (A) In-person meetings.--To the extent practicable, 
                not less than twice each year, the Advisory Committee 
                shall meet in person.
                    (B) Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator.--
                The Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator shall be 
                present in a nonvoting capacity at each meeting of the 
                Advisory Committee.
                    (C) Language access.--Each meeting of the Advisory 
                Committee shall include simultaneous interpretation and 
                translation of the meeting, and the provision of a copy 
                of any agenda of the meeting, in such languages as are 
                requested by--
                            (i) any member of the Advisory Committee; 
                        or
                            (ii) any member of the public observing the 
                        meeting.
            (7) Reports.--
                    (A) In general.--Not less frequently than once each 
                year, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the 
                Secretary, the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives, and the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that 
                describes--
                            (i) the activities of the Advisory 
                        Committee during the previous year; and
                            (ii) recommendations for legislative or 
                        administrative action for the following year.
                    (B) Public availability.--The Secretary shall make 
                the report under subparagraph (A) publicly available 
                (in English, Spanish, and any other languages that the 
                Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator determines 
                to be appropriate) on the website of the Department of 
                Agriculture.
    (c) Farm and Food System Workforce Interagency Council.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish within 
        the Department of Agriculture the Farm and Food System 
        Workforce Interagency Council (referred to in this subsection 
        as the ``Interagency Council'').
            (2) Purpose.--The purpose of the Interagency Council is to 
        facilitate interagency, cabinet-level leadership in planning, 
        policymaking, coordination, and program development for 
        services available to farmworkers and food system workers.
            (3) Membership.--The Interagency Council shall comprise--
                    (A) 1 representative from each of--
                            (i) the Department of Agriculture;
                            (ii) the Department of Health and Human 
                        Services;
                            (iii) the Department of Housing and Urban 
                        Development;
                            (iv) the Department of Labor;
                            (v) the Department of Education;
                            (vi) the Environmental Protection Agency;
                            (vii) the Department of Homeland Security;
                            (viii) the Department of Justice;
                            (ix) the Department of the Treasury;
                            (x) the Department of Commerce; and
                            (xi) the Department of State; and
                    (B) subject to paragraph (4)(B), the Farm and Food 
                System Workforce Coordinator.
            (4) Meetings.--
                    (A) In-person meetings.--To the extent practicable, 
                not less than twice each year, the Interagency Council 
                shall meet in person.
                    (B) Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator.--
                The Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator shall be 
                present in a nonvoting capacity at each meeting of the 
                Interagency Council.
            (5) Reports.--
                    (A) In general.--Not less frequently than once each 
                year, the Interagency Council shall submit to the 
                Secretary, the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives, and the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that 
                describes recommendations for legislative or 
                administrative action to be taken during the following 
                year to increase accountability, coordination, 
                compliance, and culture changes at the Federal level to 
                address inequities faced by farmworkers and food system 
                workers.
                    (B) Public availability.--The Secretary shall make 
                the report under subparagraph (A) publicly available 
                (in English, Spanish, and any other languages that the 
                Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator determines 
                to be appropriate) on the website of the Department of 
                Agriculture.
    (d) Farmworker and Food System Worker Liaisons.--
            (1) In general.--The heads of each of the agencies and 
        offices of the Department of Agriculture described in paragraph 
        (2) shall designate a liaison within that agency or office on 
        matters relating to farmworkers and food system workers.
            (2) Agencies and offices described.--The agencies and 
        offices referred to in paragraph (1) are--
                    (A) the Farm Service Agency;
                    (B) the Natural Resources Conservation Service;
                    (C) each agency under the rural development mission 
                area;
                    (D) the National Institute of Food and Agriculture;
                    (E) the Food and Nutrition Service;
                    (F) the Agricultural Marketing Service;
                    (G) the Forest Service;
                    (H) the National Agricultural Statistics Service; 
                and
                    (I) any other agency or office of the Department of 
                Agriculture, as determined by the Secretary.
            (3) Responsibility.--Each liaison designated under 
        paragraph (1) shall be responsible for coordinating with the 
        Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator to increase 
        information, awareness, access, data, and accountability for 
        meeting the needs of farmworkers and food system workers 
        relating to the functions and beneficiaries of the agency or 
        office from which the liaison is designated.
    (e) Funding.--
            (1) Mandatory funding.--Out of amounts in the Treasury not 
        otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary 
        to carry out subsections (b) through (d) $10,000,000 for the 
        period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available 
        until expended.
            (2) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to 
        amounts otherwise available, there are authorized to be 
        appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out 
        subsections (b) through (d) for each of fiscal years 2025 
        through 2029.

SEC. 12211. GROCERY, FARM, AND FOOD WORKER STABILIZATION GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) Definition of Eligible Entity.--In this section, the term 
``eligible entity'' means a membership organization, as determined by 
the Secretary, or labor union representing farmworkers, meat processing 
workers, or grocery workers.
    (b) Establishment.--The Secretary, acting through the Administrator 
of the Agricultural Marketing Service, shall establish a grant program 
to provide funding to eligible entities representing farmworkers, meat 
processing workers, and grocery workers for stabilization payments in 
the case of a natural disaster or other disaster, as determined by the 
Secretary.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the outcomes 
and evaluating the impacts of the program established under subsection 
(b).
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise available, there is authorized to be appropriated to carry 
out this section $750,000,000, to remain available until expended.

SEC. 12212. TRIBAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE; TRIBAL SELF-DETERMINATION PILOT 
              PROJECTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 309 of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform 
and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 
6921) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``The Secretary shall'' 
        and inserting ``The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in 
        this section as the `Secretary') shall''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) 
                        through (C) as subparagraphs (C) through (E), 
                        respectively; and
                            (ii) by inserting before subparagraph (C) 
                        (as so redesignated) the following:
                    ``(A) Activity of the department.--The term 
                `activity of the Department' means a program, function, 
                service, or activity of the Department.
                    ``(B) Department.--The term `Department' means the 
                Department of Agriculture.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``of 
                Agriculture (referred to in this subsection as the 
                `Department')'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (7) as 
                paragraphs (6) through (8), respectively;
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
            ``(5) Recommendation of self-determination pilot 
        projects.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the duties of 
                the Committee under paragraph (4), the Committee 
                shall--
                            ``(i) request input from Indian tribes and 
                        Tribal organizations on the activities of the 
                        Department that the Indian tribes and Tribal 
                        organizations may be interested in assuming and 
                        administering through a self-determination 
                        agreement pilot project;
                            ``(ii) consult with Indian tribes and 
                        Tribal organizations that provide input under 
                        clause (i) with respect to the input; and
                            ``(iii) make publicly available and submit 
                        in accordance with subparagraph (B) a 
                        description of not more than 3 recommended 
                        pilot projects to further opportunities for 
                        Tribal assumption and administration of 
                        activities of the Department, including--
                                    ``(I) an explanation of the 
                                reasoning for identifying those 
                                activities of the Department for each 
                                recommended pilot project;
                                    ``(II) a description of the 
                                structure and scope of each recommended 
                                pilot project, including the specific 1 
                                or more activities of the Department to 
                                be assumed and administered by the 
                                Indian tribe or Tribal organization 
                                through a self-determination agreement; 
                                and
                                    ``(III) with respect to input 
                                provided under clause (i), a 
                                description of--
                                            ``(aa) the number of 
                                        instances of input provided;
                                            ``(bb) the types of 
                                        assistance or support requested 
                                        through consultation under 
                                        clause (ii) for purposes of 
                                        assuming and administering the 
                                        applicable activities of the 
                                        Department;
                                            ``(cc) the means by which 
                                        Indian tribes propose to assume 
                                        and administer the applicable 
                                        activities of the Department; 
                                        and
                                            ``(dd) the regions from 
                                        which the input was received.
                    ``(B) Timing.--The Committee shall make publicly 
                available and submit to the Secretary and the relevant 
                committees of Congress a description of recommended 
                pilot projects under subparagraph (A)(iii) not later 
                than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural 
                Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 and every 3 
                years thereafter.
                    ``(C) Department response.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not later than 180 days 
                        after each submission of recommended pilot 
                        projects under subparagraph (A)(iii), the 
                        Secretary shall prepare a response that 
                        explains, in detail, whether and how the 
                        Department could, to the maximum extent 
                        practicable, to establish and implement those 
                        recommended pilot projects.
                            ``(ii) Report requirements.--In preparing 
                        each response under clause (i), the Secretary 
                        shall--
                                    ``(I) build on prior and related 
                                studies and pilot programs, including--
                                            ``(aa) the food 
                                        distribution program on Indian 
                                        reservations established under 
                                        section 4(b) of the Food and 
                                        Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
                                        2013(b));
                                            ``(bb) the good neighbor 
                                        authority established by 
                                        section 8206 of the 
                                        Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 
                                        U.S.C. 2113a);
                                            ``(cc) demonstration 
                                        projects under section 8703 of 
                                        the Agriculture Improvement Act 
                                        of 2018 (25 U.S.C. 3115b); and
                                            ``(dd) any pilot projects 
                                        established under this 
                                        paragraph;
                                    ``(II) identify operational and 
                                legal impediments to the implementation 
                                of the recommended pilot projects;
                                    ``(III) identify any administrative 
                                actions that may be taken to address 
                                any operational and legal impediments 
                                identified under subclause (II);
                                    ``(IV) identify the fiscal and 
                                budgetary impacts of implementing the 
                                recommended pilot projects;
                                    ``(V) include a description of 
                                necessary administrative, operational, 
                                and legislative changes needed to 
                                implement the recommended pilot 
                                projects;
                                    ``(VI) with respect to necessary 
                                legislative changes identified under 
                                subclause (V), identify the non-Tribal 
                                stakeholders that would be affected by 
                                potential waivers of or modifications 
                                to existing provisions of law; and
                                    ``(VII) include any other matters 
                                that may be determined by the Secretary 
                                and developed through consultation with 
                                the Committee.
                            ``(iii) Public availability; submission.--
                        The Secretary shall--
                                    ``(I) make publicly available on 
                                the website of the Department each 
                                response prepared under clause (i); and
                                    ``(II) submit each response 
                                prepared under clause (i) to--
                                            ``(aa) the Office of Tribal 
                                        Relations;
                                            ``(bb) the Committee; and
                                            ``(cc) the relevant 
                                        committees of Congress.'';
                    (E) in paragraph (6) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``Reports'' and inserting ``Committee 
                        reports''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Public availability.--The Secretary shall 
                make the reports submitted under subparagraph (A) and 
                the written responses submitted under subparagraph (B) 
                publicly available on the website of the Department.''; 
                and
                    (F) in paragraph (8) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee 
                Act (5 U.S.C. App.)'' and inserting ``Section 1013 of 
                title 5, United States Code,''.
    (b) Self-determination Demonstration Projects for Tribal 
Organizations.--
            (1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Commodity supplemental food program.--The term 
                ``commodity supplemental food program'' means the 
                commodity supplemental food program carried out under 
                section 5 of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection 
                Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 93-86).
                    (B) Food distribution program.--The term ``food 
                distribution program'' means the food distribution 
                program on Indian reservations under section 4(b) of 
                the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b)).
                    (C) Indian tribe.--The term ``Indian Tribe'' has 
                the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian 
                Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 
                U.S.C. 5304).
                    (D) Reservation.--The term ``reservation'' has the 
                meaning given the term in section 3 of the Food and 
                Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012).
                    (E) Self-determination contract.--The term ``self-
                determination contract'' means a self-determination 
                contract (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-
                Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 
                5304)), as implemented under the demonstration project 
                established under section 4003(b) of the Agriculture 
                Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2013 note; Public Law 
                115-334), subject to such modifications as may be 
                determined by the Secretary.
                    (F) Tribal organization.--The term ``tribal 
                organization'' has the meaning given the term in 
                section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
                U.S.C. 2012).
            (2) Food distribution programs.--
                    (A) Establishment.--Subject to the availability of 
                appropriations under subparagraph (F), the Secretary 
                shall establish a demonstration project under which 
                tribal organizations may enter into self-determination 
                contracts to administer food distribution programs on 
                the reservations served by the tribal organizations.
                    (B) Applications.--To be eligible to participate in 
                the demonstration project under this paragraph, a 
                tribal organization shall submit to the Secretary an 
                application at such time, in such manner, and 
                containing such information as the Secretary may 
                require.
                    (C) Eligibility.--
                            (i) In general.--The Secretary shall select 
                        for participation in the demonstration project 
                        under this paragraph tribal organizations 
                        that--
                                    (I) are successfully administering 
                                the food distribution program on the 
                                reservation served by the tribal 
                                organization, as determined by the 
                                Secretary under section 4(b)(2)(B) of 
                                the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
                                U.S.C. 2013(b)(2)(B)); and
                                    (II) meet such other criteria as 
                                the Secretary may establish, subject to 
                                clause (ii).
                            (ii) Consultation.--The Secretary shall 
                        consult with Indian Tribes to determine the 
                        process and criteria under which tribal 
                        organizations may participate in the 
                        demonstration project under this paragraph.
                    (D) Requirements.--A food distribution program 
                administered by a tribal organization under the 
                demonstration project under this paragraph shall--
                            (i) have the same eligibility requirements 
                        for participation as the food distribution 
                        program administered by the Secretary; and
                            (ii) meet such other criteria as the 
                        Secretary determines to be appropriate.
                    (E) Reports.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                on which funds are initially appropriated under 
                subparagraph (F), and annually thereafter, the 
                Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture 
                of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
                report that includes, with respect to the preceding 
                year--
                            (i) a list of each tribal organization 
                        participating in the demonstration project 
                        under this paragraph; and
                            (ii) a description of the activities 
                        carried out by each participating tribal 
                        organization pursuant to the demonstration 
                        project.
                    (F) Funding.--
                            (i) Authorization of appropriations.--There 
                        is authorized to be appropriated to the 
                        Secretary to carry out this paragraph 
                        $5,000,000, to remain available until expended.
                            (ii) Appropriations in advance.--Only funds 
                        made available pursuant to clause (i) in 
                        advance specifically to carry out this 
                        paragraph shall be available to carry out this 
                        paragraph.
            (3) Commodity supplemental food programs.--
                    (A) Establishment.--Subject to the availability of 
                appropriations under subparagraph (F), the Secretary 
                shall establish a demonstration project under which 
                tribal organizations may enter into self-determination 
                contracts to purchase agricultural commodities under 
                the commodity supplemental food program for the 
                reservations served by the tribal organizations.
                    (B) Applications.--To be eligible to participate in 
                the demonstration project under this paragraph, a 
                tribal organization shall submit to the Secretary an 
                application at such time, in such manner, and 
                containing such information as the Secretary may 
                require.
                    (C) Eligibility.--
                            (i) In general.--The Secretary shall select 
                        for participation in the demonstration project 
                        under this paragraph tribal organizations 
                        that--
                                    (I) are successfully administering 
                                the commodity supplemental food program 
                                on the reservation served by the tribal 
                                organization;
                                    (II) have the capacity to purchase 
                                agricultural commodities in accordance 
                                with subparagraph (D) for the commodity 
                                supplemental food program; and
                                    (III) meet such other criteria as 
                                the Secretary may establish, subject to 
                                clause (ii).
                            (ii) Consultation.--The Secretary shall 
                        consult with Indian Tribes to determine the 
                        process and criteria under which tribal 
                        organizations may participate in the 
                        demonstration project under this paragraph.
                    (D) Procurement requirements.--Each agricultural 
                commodity purchased by a tribal organization pursuant 
                to the demonstration project under this paragraph 
                shall--
                            (i) be domestically produced;
                            (ii) supplant, and not supplement, the type 
                        of agricultural commodities in existing food 
                        packages for the tribal organization;
                            (iii) be of similar or higher nutritional 
                        value as the type of agricultural commodities 
                        in the existing food package for the tribal 
                        organization that would be supplanted;
                            (iv) be nonperishable food appropriate for 
                        distribution in monthly food packages; and
                            (v) meet such other criteria as the 
                        Secretary may establish.
                    (E) Reports.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                on which funds are initially appropriated under 
                subparagraph (F), and annually thereafter, the 
                Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture 
                of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
                report that includes, with respect to the preceding 
                year--
                            (i) a list of each tribal organization 
                        participating in the demonstration project 
                        under this paragraph; and
                            (ii) a description of the activities 
                        carried out by each participating tribal 
                        organization pursuant to the demonstration 
                        project.
                    (F) Funding.--
                            (i) Authorization of appropriations.--There 
                        is authorized to be appropriated to the 
                        Secretary to carry out this paragraph 
                        $5,000,000, to remain available until expended.
                            (ii) Appropriations in advance.--Only funds 
                        made available pursuant to clause (i) in 
                        advance specifically to carry out this 
                        paragraph shall be available to carry out this 
                        paragraph.
    (c) Mission-specific Self-determination Support.--In each 
Department of Agriculture mission area that administers self-
determination contracts, the Secretary shall designate a senior 
official within that mission area or an office within that mission area 
to be responsible for--
            (1) oversight of the administration of self-determination 
        contracts within the mission area; and
            (2) coordination with a senior official in the Office of 
        the Secretary designated to advise the Secretary on 
        opportunities for self-determination enhancement.

SEC. 12213. TRIBAL PROMISE ZONES.

    Section 12510 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (25 U.S.C. 
4301 note; Public Law 115-334) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``this Act'' and 
        inserting ``the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``2020'' and 
        inserting ``2026''.

   Subtitle C--Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 
                               Amendments

SEC. 12301. COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES.

    Section 212(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act 
of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912(b)) is amended--
            (1) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Required for 
        Name Change.--'' and inserting ``Required.--'';
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``; or'';
                    (B) by striking ``Except as provided in paragraph 
                (2), the Secretary shall conduct a cost-benefit 
                analysis before changing'' and inserting the following: 
                ``The Secretary shall conduct a cost-benefit analysis 
                before--
                    ``(A) except as provided in paragraph (2), 
                changing''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) relocating more than 50 percent of the 
                employees of any agency, office, division, or other 
                unit of the Department with 50 or more employees 
                outside of the commuting area of that agency, office, 
                division, or other unit to ensure that the benefits to 
                be derived from the relocation of the agency, office, 
                division, or other unit outweigh the costs of the 
                relocation, including--
                            ``(i) costs associated with the attrition 
                        of employees from the Department due to the 
                        relocation;
                            ``(ii) costs associated with the disruption 
                        of the activities of the agency, office, 
                        division, or other unit due to the relocation;
                            ``(iii) the economic impact to the affected 
                        local communities and regions;
                            ``(iv) costs associated with any civil 
                        rights impact due to the relocation; and
                            ``(v) any other potential effects of the 
                        relocation.'';
            (3) in paragraph (2), by striking ``(1)'' and inserting 
        ``(1)(A)''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Standard.--For a cost-benefit analysis conducted 
        under paragraph (1) with respect to a relocation described in 
        subparagraph (B) of that paragraph, the Secretary shall 
        identify and measure benefits and costs, including identifying 
        a baseline, evaluating alternatives, comparing return on 
        investment for alternatives, and documenting analyses.
            ``(4) Notification.--In the case of a relocation described 
        in paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary shall provide notice to each 
        affected employee not less than 365 days before the date of the 
        relocation of the employee, including the new duty station 
        location of the employee.
            ``(5) Publication.--To the extent allowable under Federal 
        law, the Secretary shall make publicly available a cost-benefit 
        analysis conducted under paragraph (1) not later than--
                    ``(A) 90 days before a name change described in 
                paragraph (1)(A); and
                    ``(B) 90 days before notifying employees of a 
                relocation under paragraph (3).''.

SEC. 12302. OFFICES OF CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE AND DIGITAL SERVICE.

    (a) Office of Digital Service.--Subtitle A of the Department of 
Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) is 
amended by inserting after section 217 (as added by section 12107) the 
following:

``SEC. 217A. OFFICE OF THE CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER.

    ``(a) Authorization.--The Chief Information Officer designated by 
the Secretary under section 3506(a)(2)(A) of title 44, United States 
Code, shall be the Chief Information Officer of the Department.
    ``(b) Digital Service Functions.--
            ``(1) Definition of digital service.--In this subsection, 
        the term `digital service' means online information resources 
        or services, including the delivery of digital information and 
        transaction services across a variety of platforms, devices, 
        and delivery mechanisms, maintained or funded in whole or in 
        part by the Department.
            ``(2) Office of digital service.--
                    ``(A) Establishment.--There is established in the 
                Office of the Chief Information Officer the Office of 
                Digital Service.
                    ``(B) Executive director.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Office of Digital 
                        Service shall be headed by an Executive 
                        Director, who shall serve under the direction 
                        of the Chief Information Officer.
                            ``(ii) Functions.--The Executive Director 
                        of the Office of Digital Service shall assist 
                        the Chief Information Officer in carrying out 
                        the functions under this subsection and in 
                        coordinating the digital services functions of 
                        the Department.
            ``(3) Services for departmental agencies and offices.--In 
        carrying out this subsection, the responsibilities of the Chief 
        Information Officer shall include--
                    ``(A) coordinating the digital service needs and 
                activities of the Department;
                    ``(B) providing support using innovative techniques 
                and technology for the delivery of digital services 
                across the agencies and offices of the Department in 
                accordance with applicable laws, regulations, and 
                executive orders relating to digital services;
                    ``(C) coordinating with the Office of Customer 
                Experience to ensure that the delivery of digital 
                services incorporates a human-centered design process; 
                and
                    ``(D) coordinating with the United States Digital 
                Service and the agencies and offices of the Department 
                to promote efficiency and prevent unnecessary 
                duplication in digital services activities.
            ``(4) USDA digital service fellows.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary, acting through 
                the Chief Information Officer, shall establish a 
                program for individuals who are highly skilled in the 
                technical planning, developing, designing, or delivery 
                of digital services to serve as fellows to improve the 
                Department's digital systems, information management, 
                data accessibility, and other digital or technological 
                functionalities.
                    ``(B) Expedited hiring authority.--Notwithstanding 
                subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5, United States 
                Code, governing appointments in the competitive or 
                excepted service, the Secretary may use noncompetitive 
                term appointments for qualified individuals to serve as 
                fellows in the program established under subparagraph 
                (A).
                    ``(C) Terms.--Individuals participating in the 
                program established under subparagraph (A), including 
                individuals appointed under subparagraph (B)--
                            ``(i) may not serve a term that exceeds 5 
                        years in length; and
                            ``(ii) may be compensated at a rate not to 
                        exceed the rate provided for level II of the 
                        Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 
                        5, United States Code, for positions that 
                        require a high level of technical expertise 
                        that is critical to the successful development 
                        and delivery of digital services.
            ``(5) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to 
        amounts otherwise made available, there are authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to 
        carry out this subsection for each fiscal year.''.
    (b) Office of Customer Experience.--Subtitle A of the Department of 
Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) is 
amended by inserting after section 217A (as added by subsection (a)) 
the following:

``SEC. 217B. OFFICE OF CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Customer.--The term `customer' means any individual 
        or entity, including any for-profit or nonprofit entity, State, 
        local, or Tribal entity, and any other Federal entity, that 
        interacts with the Department or a Department program, either 
        directly or indirectly through a federally funded program 
        administered by a contractor, nonprofit entity, or State or 
        local entity.
            ``(2) Customer experience.--The term `customer experience' 
        means the public's perceptions of and overall satisfaction with 
        interactions with the Department or programs, products, or 
        services of the Department.
    ``(b) Authorization.--The Secretary shall establish in the 
Department the Office of Customer Experience.
    ``(c) Chief Customer Experience Officer.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Office of Customer Experience shall 
        be headed by the Chief Customer Experience Officer.
            ``(2) Appointment.--The Secretary shall appoint a senior 
        official to serve as the Chief Customer Experience Officer.
            ``(3) Duties.--The Chief Customer Experience Officer 
        shall--
                    ``(A) advise on policies of the Department relating 
                to the collection, processing, and analysis of customer 
                feedback that would enable the improvement and design 
                of the programs of the Department using a human-
                centered design process;
                    ``(B) partner with mission areas, offices, and 
                agencies of the Department to provide training and 
                support--
                            ``(i) to identify, communicate, and 
                        visualize customer feedback on the programs of 
                        the Department; and
                            ``(ii) to use the analysis of customer 
                        feedback to improve and design the programs of 
                        the Department using a human-centered design 
                        process;
                    ``(C) coordinate customer experience activities 
                across the mission areas, offices, and agencies of the 
                Department, including advising and coordinating on 
                program application streamlining efforts;
                    ``(D) act as the primary liaison on behalf of the 
                Department with other Federal departments and agencies 
                in intergovernmental activities and initiatives 
                relating to customer experience; and
                    ``(E) carry out other responsibilities relating to 
                customer experience, as determined by the Secretary.
            ``(4) Reporting.--The Chief Customer Experience Officer 
        shall report to the Deputy Secretary.
    ``(d) Liaisons.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may establish one or more 
        customer experience liaisons within each mission area, office, 
        and agency of the Department to coordinate with the Office of 
        Customer Experience to provide services to improve customer 
        experience for programs and services administered by that 
        mission area, office, or agency.
            ``(2) Qualifications.--An individual occupying the position 
        of a customer experience liaison established under paragraph 
        (1) shall have demonstrated skills or experience with 
        identifying, communicating, and visualizing customer needs 
        through a human-centered design process.
    ``(e) Report.--Not later than December 31, 2026, and each year 
thereafter, the Secretary shall make publicly available and submit to 
the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and 
the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report 
summarizing the activities of the Office of Customer Experience in the 
prior fiscal year, including--
            ``(1) the activities of any customer experience liaisons 
        established under subsection (d)(1); and
            ``(2) a detailed description and the status of any program 
        application streamlining efforts at the Department.
    ``(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise made available, there are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for 
each fiscal year.''.
    (c) Funding.--Out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise 
appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary for costs relating 
to services and projects provided by the Office of Digital Service 
established by section 217A(b)(2) of the Department of Agriculture 
Reorganization Act of 1994 and the Office of Customer Experience 
established under section 217B(b) of that Act $20,000,000 for fiscal 
year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until 
expended.

SEC. 12303. FOOD LOSS AND WASTE.

    (a) Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison.--Section 224 of the 
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6924) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (d) and (e) as 
        subsections (b) through (e) and (h), respectively;
            (2) by inserting before subsection (b) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Food.--The term `food' means any raw, cooked, 
        processed, or prepared substance, ice, beverage, or ingredient 
        used or intended for use in whole or in part for human 
        consumption.
            ``(2) Food loss.--The term `food loss' means, with respect 
        to food, that the food does not reach a consumer as a result of 
        an issue in the production, storage, processing, or 
        distribution phase.
            ``(3) Food recovery.--The term `food recovery' means the 
        collection of wholesome food that would otherwise go to waste 
        and the redistribution of that food to feed people.
            ``(4) Food waste.--The term `food waste' means, with 
        respect to food, that the food is intended for human 
        consumption but is unconsumed by humans for any reason at the 
        retail or consumption phase.
            ``(5) Upcycled food product.--The term `upcycled food 
        product' means a product that--
                    ``(A) is created from surplus food, unmarketable 
                food, or edible or inedible food byproducts; and
                    ``(B) is made with ingredients that--
                            ``(i) otherwise would not have gone to 
                        human consumption;
                            ``(ii) are sourced and produced using 
                        supply chains for which upstream data can be 
                        verified and validated for accuracy; and
                            ``(iii) have a positive impact on the 
                        environment.'';
            (3) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated), by inserting 
        ``(referred to in this section as the `Liaison')'' after ``Food 
        Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison'';
            (4) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking the subsection designation and 
                heading and all that follows through ``Reduction'' in 
                the matter preceding paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(c) Duties.--The'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) carry out the consumer education campaign under 
        subsection (g).'';
            (5) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated), in the matter 
        preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``subsection (b)'' and 
        inserting ``subsection (c)'';
            (6) in subsections (d) and (e) (as so redesignated), by 
        striking ``Food Loss and Waste Reduction'' each place it 
        appears;
            (7) by inserting after subsection (e) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
    ``(f) Food Loss and Waste Regional Coordinators.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish in the 
        Department regional coordinators.
            ``(2) Responsibilities.--The regional coordinators 
        established under paragraph (1) shall be responsible for--
                    ``(A) partnering with food producers, food 
                processors, distributors, and food recovery 
                organizations and acting as regional points of contact 
                to facilitate real-time food recovery;
                    ``(B) understanding and developing the capacity 
                needed for ongoing food recovery;
                    ``(C) providing technical support to food recovery 
                organizations to improve the ability of the food 
                recovery organizations to pick up surplus food, process 
                that food, and deliver that food to populations or 
                communities; and
                    ``(D) engaging with Department regional food 
                business centers to identify opportunities for synergy 
                and alignment with those centers.
            ``(3) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this 
        subsection $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain available 
        until expended.
    ``(g) Consumer Education Campaign.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the 
        Liaison, in consultation with the Administrator of the 
        Environmental Protection Agency, shall initiate a national food 
        waste education and public awareness campaign (referred to in 
        this subsection as the `campaign').
            ``(2) Requirements.--The campaign shall, at a minimum--
                    ``(A) illustrate how much food goes to waste in the 
                United States and households across the United States;
                    ``(B) highlight methods for preserving and storing 
                foods;
                    ``(C) provide consumers tips to identify whether 
                food is still safe and edible, regardless of any `BEST 
                If Used By' or the `USE By' date on the label or food 
                packaging indicating quality and freshness;
                    ``(D) teach consumers the differences between food 
                freshness and food safety;
                    ``(E) teach consumers how to compost food scraps;
                    ``(F) develop educational materials usable by 
                several different channels, including for specific 
                industry sectors (including retail, food service, and 
                consumer packaged goods), local governments, schools, 
                community and faith-based organizations, and other 
                appropriate channels;
                    ``(G) educate consumers on food products made with 
                food waste, including upcycled food products, or that 
                use innovative technology to prevent food loss and food 
                waste;
                    ``(H) include interactive elements; and
                    ``(I) inform about intersectional issues of food 
                loss and food waste, including public health, food 
                insecurity, and climate change.
            ``(3) Priorities.--In carrying out the campaign, the 
        Secretary shall prioritize--
                    ``(A) evaluating existing scientific evidence, and, 
                if needed, conducting additional scientific research, 
                to determine what socioeconomic characteristics are 
                associated with food waste attitudes and behaviors;
                    ``(B) identifying population segments to target;
                    ``(C) understanding how to best target those 
                identified population segments; and
                    ``(D) determining which strategies are most 
                effective in changing consumer behaviors.
            ``(4) Dual framework campaign.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out 
                the campaign through--
                            ``(i) community engagement, which allows 
                        information to be delivered through locally 
                        trusted sources, with locally tailored 
                        solutions and partners (such as for donation or 
                        compost options); and
                            ``(ii) national messaging appropriate for 
                        raising awareness of--
                                    ``(I) nationally applicable issues 
                                (such as the meaning of `best if used 
                                by' date labels, tips for meal 
                                planning, or businesses that 
                                manufacture products using ingredients 
                                that would otherwise go to waste, 
                                including upcycled food products); and
                                    ``(II) such other issues as the 
                                Secretary determines to be appropriate.
                    ``(B) Pilot projects.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                                    ``(I) for the purpose of testing 
                                methods and materials for carrying out 
                                the campaign through community 
                                engagement under subparagraph (A)(i), 
                                carry out pilot projects in communities 
                                selected by the Secretary; and
                                    ``(II) assess the results of those 
                                pilot projects, including through waste 
                                audits or other quantitative 
                                measurements.
                            ``(ii) Requirements.--In carrying out pilot 
                        projects under clause (i), the Secretary 
                        shall--
                                    ``(I) ensure equity and diversity 
                                of representation;
                                    ``(II) use science-based evidence, 
                                including from behavioral science, in 
                                designing and carrying out the campaign 
                                to increase the effectiveness of the 
                                campaign; and
                                    ``(III) in coordination with State, 
                                local, Tribal, municipal, or 
                                territorial governments, inform 
                                consumers in a community of solutions, 
                                food products, or initiatives that are 
                                available to help prevent or reduce 
                                food waste.
            ``(5) Waste audits.--The Secretary shall conduct audits to 
        gather data relating to the impact of the campaign in 
        communities targeted by the campaign for the purpose of 
        informing future efforts under the campaign, including by 
        comparing outcomes in communities targeted by the campaign to 
        outcomes in communities not targeted by the campaign.
            ``(6) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to 
        amounts otherwise available, there is authorized to be 
        appropriated to carry out this subsection $2,000,000 for each 
        of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.''; and
            (8) in subsection (h) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``Food Loss and Waste''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``subsection (d)'' and 
                        inserting ``subsection (e)'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), in the paragraph heading, by 
                striking ``Report'' and inserting ``Subsequent 
                report''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Reports on progress.--The Liaison shall submit to 
        Congress and make publicly available reports describing the 
        progress of the United States in advancing toward or achieving 
        the goal of reducing food loss and food waste by 50 percent, 
        compared to 2016 levels, by 2030.''.
    (b) Interagency Collaboration on Food Loss and Waste.--
            (1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' 
                means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
                Agency.
                    (B) Commissioner.--The term ``Commissioner'' means 
                the Commissioner of Food and Drugs.
                    (C) Food.--The term ``food'' means any raw, cooked, 
                processed, or prepared substance, ice, beverage, or 
                ingredient used or intended for use in whole or in part 
                for human consumption.
                    (D) Food loss.--The term ``food loss'' means, with 
                respect to food, that the food does not reach a 
                consumer as a result of an issue in the production, 
                storage, processing, or distribution phase.
                    (E) Food recovery.--The term ``food recovery'' 
                means the collection of wholesome food that would 
                otherwise go to waste and the redistribution of that 
                food to feed people.
                    (F) Food waste.--The term ``food waste'' means, 
                with respect to food, that the food is intended for 
                human consumption but is unconsumed by humans for any 
                reason at the retail or consumption phase.
                    (G) Liaison.--The term ``Liaison'' means the Food 
                Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison established under 
                section 224 of the Department of Agriculture 
                Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6924).
            (2) Interagency collaboration.--The Secretary, in 
        collaboration with the Administrator, the Commissioner, and the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development, shall collaborate to carry out the agreement 
        relative to cooperation and coordination on food loss and 
        waste, which took effect on May 15, 2024.
            (3) Reports.--Every year, the Secretary, acting through the 
        Liaison, in consultation with the Administrator, the 
        Commissioner, and the Administrator of the United States Agency 
        for International Development, shall submit to Congress and 
        make publicly available a report describing the progress of the 
        Secretary in carrying out the agreement described in paragraph 
        (2).
            (4) Interagency engagement.--Pursuant to paragraph (2), the 
        Secretary, the Administrator, the Commissioner, and the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development shall engage with the heads of other Federal 
        departments and agencies, including the Secretary of Defense, 
        the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Transportation, 
        the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Administrator of 
        General Services, and such other Federal departments and 
        agencies as the Secretary, the Administrator, the Commissioner, 
        and the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
        International Development determine to be appropriate, to 
        expand work on food loss and food waste.
            (5) Consultation.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall consult with, 
                and receive advice from, representatives described in 
                subparagraph (B) relating to--
                            (i) programming and policy issues relating 
                        to understanding existing and future challenges 
                        relating to food loss and food waste;
                            (ii) acquiring the latest data relating to 
                        food loss and food waste;
                            (iii) the latest innovative solutions 
                        relating to food loss and food waste from 
                        leading experts; and
                            (iv) sharing and developing procurement 
                        best practices that will assist the heads of 
                        Federal departments and agencies described in 
                        paragraph (4) in--
                                    (I) preventing food loss and waste;
                                    (II) reducing food loss and food 
                                waste;
                                    (III) leading by example in 
                                addressing issues relating to food loss 
                                and food waste; and
                                    (IV) engaging contractors in 
                                reducing food loss and food waste in 
                                the operations of the contractors.
                    (B) Representatives.--The representatives referred 
                to in subparagraph (A) are representatives of--
                            (i) the private sector;
                            (ii) agricultural producers;
                            (iii) food industry members, such as food 
                        safety trainers, food aggregators and 
                        processors, food safety professionals, 
                        retailers, and food service entities;
                            (iv) nonprofit organizations;
                            (v) food recovery organizations of varying 
                        sizes; and
                            (vi) any other sector, as determined by the 
                        Secretary.
                    (C) Representation of smaller producers and food 
                insecure communities.--In consulting and receiving 
                advice under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall 
                ensure participation by smaller producers and 
                organizations from communities most impacted by food 
                and nutrition insecurity and food loss and food waste 
                issues.
                    (D) Forms of consultation.--The Secretary may 
                consult and receive advice under subparagraph (A) 
                through--
                            (i) a meeting through which input is 
                        sought, such as a workshop, town hall meeting, 
                        or listening session;
                            (ii) a meeting described in clause (i) with 
                        an existing group formed by representatives 
                        described in subparagraph (B); and
                            (iii) such other means as the Secretary 
                        determines to be appropriate.
                    (E) Interagency meetings.--The Secretary shall host 
                quarterly meetings with the Administrator, the 
                Commissioner, the Administrator of the United States 
                Agency for International Development, and the heads of 
                other Federal agencies for the purpose of sharing 
                communications relating to consultation and advice 
                received under subparagraph (A) with those officials 
                regularly.
                    (F) FACA exemption.--Chapter 10 of title 5, United 
                States Code (commonly referred to as the ``Federal 
                Advisory Committee Act''), shall not apply to any group 
                formed for purposes of consultation or providing advice 
                under this paragraph.
            (6) Continuation of effect.--Nothing in the subsection 
        shall be affected by the expiration of the agreement described 
        in paragraph (2).
            (7) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this 
        subsection $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029.

SEC. 12304. HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT LIAISON.

    Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) (as amended by section 12203(a)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 224C. HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT LIAISON.

    ``(a) Authorization.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish in the 
Department the position of Housing and Urban Development Liaison.
    ``(b) Duties.--The Housing and Urban Development Liaison shall--
            ``(1) in consultation with the Secretary of Housing and 
        Urban Development, identify--
                    ``(A) programs and activities of the Department 
                that impact urban communities, including urban 
                agriculture, urban forestry, and nutrition assistance 
                programs; and
                    ``(B) programs and activities of the Department of 
                Housing and Urban Development that intersect with the 
                programs and activities identified under subparagraph 
                (A);
            ``(2) coordinate and improve communications relating to 
        rural housing programs and the programs and activities 
        identified under paragraph (1) between the Department and the 
        Department of Housing and Urban Development;
            ``(3) integrate across the Department strategic planning 
        and coordination relating to rural housing programs and the 
        programs and activities identified under paragraph (1); and
            ``(4) make recommendations with respect to how to better--
                    ``(A) serve the customers and stakeholders of the 
                Department and the Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development through increased coordination; and
                    ``(B) leverage existing Federal resources for rural 
                housing programs and the programs and activities 
                identified under paragraph (1).
    ``(c) Report.--Not later than December 31, 2025, and each December 
31 thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, and make publicly 
available on the website of the Department, a report containing--
            ``(1) a description of the programs and activities 
        identified under subsection (b)(1);
            ``(2) a description of the activities of the Housing and 
        Urban Development Liaison in the most recent fiscal year; and
            ``(3) the recommendations made by the Housing and Urban 
        Development Liaison under subsection (b)(4).''.

SEC. 12305. HUBS FOR MITIGATION OF AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE.

    Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) (as amended by section 12304) is amended 
by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 224D. HUBS FOR MITIGATION OF AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Climate hub.--The term `Climate Hub' means an office 
        established under subsection (b)(1).
            ``(2) Climate hubs program.--The term `Climate Hubs 
        Program' means the Climate Hubs Program established under 
        subsection (b)(2).
            ``(3) Executive committee.--The term `Executive Committee' 
        means the Climate Hubs Executive Committee established under 
        subsection (d)(5).
    ``(b) Establishment.--
            ``(1) Climate hubs.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        national network of offices, each of which shall have a 
        specific geographic focus, including one office focused on 
        international collaboration and one office based in the State 
        of Hawaii, to serve the Department in meeting the needs of 
        farmers, ranchers, forest landowners, and other agricultural 
        and natural resource managers in addressing the causes and 
        consequences of climate change.
            ``(2) Program.--The Secretary shall establish a Climate 
        Hubs Program for the administration of the Climate Hubs.
    ``(c) Mission.--The mission of the Climate Hubs Program is to 
develop and deliver--
            ``(1) support to Department programs and activities at the 
        regional and local levels in integrating climate change into 
        planning and decision making;
            ``(2) science-based, region-specific, cost-effective, and 
        practical information and program support for science-informed 
        decision making in light of the increased costs, opportunities, 
        risks, and vulnerabilities associated with a changing climate;
            ``(3) tools, guidance on technologies, and risk management 
        practices to maintain and strengthen agricultural production, 
        forest and natural resource management, and rural economic 
        development to address the causes and consequences of climate 
        change; and
            ``(4) equitable access to information to implement the 
        activities described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) through 
        engagement opportunities, trainings, and outreach and 
        educational materials.
    ``(d) Administration.--The Secretary shall--
            ``(1) determine the number and location of the Climate 
        Hubs;
            ``(2) establish a national office to administer the Climate 
        Hubs Program, including a National Leader and staff sufficient 
        to carry out the responsibilities described in this section;
            ``(3) work through the National Leader established under 
        paragraph (2) to coordinate with comparable programs and 
        initiatives in other Federal departments and agencies, 
        including--
                    ``(A) the Department of the Interior, including the 
                United States Geological Survey;
                    ``(B) the Department of Commerce, including the 
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
                    ``(C) the Environmental Protection Agency;
                    ``(D) the Department of Energy;
                    ``(E) the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration;
                    ``(F) the Department of State;
                    ``(G) the United States Agency for International 
                Development; and
                    ``(H) such other departments and agencies as the 
                Secretary determines to be appropriate;
            ``(4) identify opportunities to work with and support 
        university-based extension in carrying out the activities of 
        the Climate Hubs Program;
            ``(5) establish a Climate Hubs Executive Committee--
                    ``(A) to guide and establish priorities for the 
                Climate Hubs Program; and
                    ``(B) to conduct a review of the Climate Hubs 
                Program not less frequently than once every 5 years; 
                and
            ``(6) cooperate with partners and stakeholders, including--
                    ``(A) Federal and regional applied science and 
                service organizations, including--
                            ``(i) the United States Geological Survey 
                        Climate Adaptation Science Centers;
                            ``(ii) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
                        Administration Climate Adaptation Partnerships; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) such other organizations as the 
                        Secretary determines to be appropriate;
                    ``(B) interagency coordination bodies, such as the 
                United States Global Change Research Program;
                    ``(C) colleges and universities (as defined in 
                section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, 
                Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 
                3103));
                    ``(D) cooperative extension services (as defined in 
                that section);
                    ``(E) State agricultural experiment stations (as 
                defined in that section);
                    ``(F) State forestry experiment stations;
                    ``(G) the private sector;
                    ``(H) State, local, and regional governments;
                    ``(I) Indian Tribes;
                    ``(J) agriculture, forestry, and commodity 
                organizations;
                    ``(K) nonprofit and community-based organizations; 
                and
                    ``(L) other partners, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
    ``(e) Executive Committee Membership.--The Executive Committee 
shall be composed of the heads of the following agencies, mission 
areas, or offices:
            ``(1) The Agricultural Research Service.
            ``(2) The Forest Service.
            ``(3) The Natural Resources Conservation Service.
            ``(4) The National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
            ``(5) The Foreign Agricultural Service.
            ``(6) The Farm Service Agency.
            ``(7) The Economic Research Service.
            ``(8) The Risk Management Agency.
            ``(9) The rural development mission area.
            ``(10) The Office of Energy and Environmental Policy of the 
        Department.
            ``(11) The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
            ``(12) Such other agencies, mission areas, or offices 
        within the Department as the Secretary determines to be 
        appropriate.
    ``(f) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Out of amounts in the Treasury 
        not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the 
        Secretary to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until 
        expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to 
        amounts otherwise made available, there is authorized to be 
        appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2025 through 2029.''.

SEC. 12306. NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE.

    Section 228(g)(3) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization 
Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6936(g)(3)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 12307. OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST.

    Section 251(e) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act 
of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) by striking subparagraph (C); and
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and (E) as 
                subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; and
            (2) in paragraph (5)(B), by striking ``practicable--'' in 
        the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows through 
        the period at the end of clause (ii) and inserting 
        ``practicable, at no time shall the aggregate number of staff 
        for all Divisions exceed 50 full-time equivalent positions.''.

SEC. 12308. REGIONAL FOOD BUSINESS CENTERS.

    Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) (as amended by section 12305) is amended 
by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 224E. REGIONAL FOOD BUSINESS CENTERS.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Administrator 
of the Agricultural Marketing Service, shall enter into cooperative 
agreements, including subawards, with eligible entities, as determined 
by the Secretary, for the purpose of establishing a national network of 
not fewer than 12 regional food business centers that collectively 
provide localized assistance to small and medium-sized farms and food 
businesses throughout the United States to improve local and regional 
supply chains, including distribution and processing, through--
            ``(1) interagency and other coordination;
            ``(2) business technical assistance;
            ``(3) capacity building activities; or
            ``(4) other activities that facilitate the development of a 
        resilient domestic food system, as determined by the Secretary.
    ``(b) Targeted Assistance.--
            ``(1) Tribal producers and businesses.--Not fewer than 1 
        regional food business center described in subsection (a) shall 
        provide assistance exclusively to all Tribal producers and 
        businesses nationally.
            ``(2) Islands, remote areas, and colonias.--Not fewer than 
        2 regional food business centers described in subsection (a) 
        shall provide assistance to producers and farm and food 
        businesses in the State of Hawaii, the State of Alaska, the 
        Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, other territories or possessions 
        of the United States, colonias, other remote areas, and other, 
        similar locations in the United States, as determined by the 
        Secretary.
            ``(3) Underserved and limited resource producers.--Any 
        regional food business center described in subsection (a) shall 
        prioritize providing service to underserved and limited 
        resource producers and farm and food businesses.
    ``(c) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Out of amounts in the Treasury 
        not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the 
        Secretary to carry out this section $75,000,000 for fiscal year 
        2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until 
        expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to 
        other funds and authorities available to the Secretary, in 
        order to carry out activities under this section, there is 
        authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary $75,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available 
        until expended.''.

SEC. 12309. AQUACULTURE LIAISON.

    Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) (as amended by section 12308) is amended 
by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 224F. AQUACULTURE LIAISON.

    ``(a) Definition of Aquaculture.--In this section, the term 
`aquaculture' has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the 
National Aquaculture Act of 1980 (16 U.S.C. 2802).
    ``(b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish in the 
Department the position of Aquaculture Liaison.
    ``(c) Duties.--The Aquaculture Liaison shall--
            ``(1) develop and advance aquaculture best practices, using 
        the best available science, in consultation with appropriate 
        offices in the Department, agricultural producers, and industry 
        partners;
            ``(2) provide technical assistance on best practices to 
        aquaculture farmers and businesses, including for shellfish, 
        algae, and land-based aquaculture systems, using the best 
        available science;
            ``(3) advise the Secretary with respect to aquaculture 
        practices and programs, including applying existing programs 
        for risk mitigation (including insurance and purchasing 
        programs), as applicable, to aquaculture;
            ``(4) coordinate with the agencies and officials of the 
        Department to update and ensure support for aquaculture in 
        relevant programs;
            ``(5) engage in stakeholder relations and develop external 
        partnerships relating to aquaculture practices and programs;
            ``(6) identify common State and municipal best practices 
        for navigating local policies relating to aquaculture 
        practices;
            ``(7) coordinate extension and outreach efforts to support 
        aquaculture producers and businesses;
            ``(8) collaborate and coordinate with other Federal 
        agencies, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 
        the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Office of Science 
        and Technology Policy, with respect to aquaculture practices;
            ``(9) convene a working group with relevant officials of 
        the Department to coordinate programs and share knowledge;
            ``(10) represent the Department on the Subcommittee on 
        Aquaculture of the National Science and Technology Council;
            ``(11) gather and issue aquaculture production data, in 
        coordination with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration and other relevant Federal agencies; and
            ``(12) promote aquaculture practices that provide 
        environmental, economic, and social benefits.''.

SEC. 12310. TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.

    Section 296(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act 
of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 7014(b)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
            ``(11) The authority of the Secretary to carry out the 
        amendments made to this title by the Rural Prosperity and Food 
        Security Act of 2024.''.

                Subtitle D--Agriculture and Food Defense

SEC. 12401. AMENDMENTS TO THE AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT 
              DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1978.

    (a) Reporting Requirements.--
            (1) In general.--Section 2(a) of the Agricultural Foreign 
        Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501(a)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in the first sentence of the matter preceding 
                paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by inserting ``, or enters into a 
                        leasing agreement the period of which is longer 
                        than 5 years with respect to agricultural 
                        land,'' after ``agricultural land''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``acquisition or 
                        transfer'' and inserting ``acquisition, 
                        transfer, or lease''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``acquired or 
                transferred'' and inserting ``acquired, transferred, or 
                leased''.
            (2) Minimum ownership.--Section 2 of the Agricultural 
        Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501) is 
        amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Minimum Ownership.--In the case of agricultural land in which 
more than 1 foreign person acquires or transfers any interest, other 
than a security interest, the reporting requirements under this section 
shall apply to each foreign person who holds at least a 1 percent 
interest in that land--
            ``(1) directly through the first tier of ownership; or
            ``(2) in the aggregate through an interest in other 
        entities at various tiers.''.
    (b) Civil Penalty.--
            (1) In general.--Section 3 of the Agricultural Foreign 
        Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding 
                paragraph (1), by striking ``(a) If the'' and all that 
                follows through ``Any such civil penalty'' in the third 
                sentence and inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--A person shall be subject to a civil penalty 
imposed by the Secretary if the Secretary determines that the person--
            ``(1) has failed to submit a report in accordance with the 
        provisions of section 2; or
            ``(2) has knowingly submitted a report under section 2 
        that--
                    ``(A) does not contain all the information required 
                to be in such report; or
                    ``(B) contains information that is misleading or 
                false.
    ``(d) Civil Action.--Any civil penalty imposed by the Secretary 
under subsection (a)'';
                    (B) by moving subsection (d) (as so designated) so 
                as to appear after subsection (b);
                    (C) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) by striking the subsection designation 
                        and all that follows through ``The amount'' and 
                        inserting the following:
    ``(b) Amount of Penalty.--Except as provided in subsection (c), the 
amount'';
                            (ii) by striking ``of this section''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``shall not exceed 25 
                        percent'' and inserting ``shall be not less 
                        than 5 percent, but not more than 25 
                        percent,'';
                    (D) by inserting after subsection (b) the 
                following:
    ``(c) Penalty for Shell Corporations.--
            ``(1) Definition of shell corporation.--In this subsection, 
        the term `shell corporation' means a corporation, company, 
        association, firm, partnership, society, joint stock company, 
        trust, estate, or any other legal entity that has no or nominal 
        operations.
            ``(2) Amount of penalty.--The amount of a civil penalty 
        under subsection (a) for a foreign-owned shell corporation, as 
        determined by the Secretary, shall be 100 percent of the fair 
        market value, on the date of the assessment of the penalty, of 
        the interest in agricultural land with respect to which the 
        violation occurred.
            ``(3) Notification of penalty.--A shell corporation shall 
        not be subject to a civil penalty under paragraph (2), but 
        shall be subject to a civil penalty under subsection (b), if 
        the shell corporation remedies a defective filing or failure to 
        file not later than 60 days after the Secretary provides notice 
        to the shell corporation of the defective filing or failure to 
        file.''; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Availability of Funds From Civil Penalties.--A civil penalty 
collected under subsection (a) shall be available to the Secretary 
without appropriation and remain available until expended for the 
purpose of enforcing this Act.''.
            (2) Public disclosure of noncompliant persons.--Section 3 
        of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 
        (7 U.S.C. 3502) (as amended by paragraph (1)) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Public Disclosure of Noncompliant Persons.--The Secretary 
shall publicly disclose the name of each person who paid to the 
Secretary a civil penalty imposed under subsection (a), including, if 
applicable, after the completion of an appeal of a civil penalty.''.
            (3) Publication of reporting requirements.--Section 3 of 
        the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 
        U.S.C. 3502) (as amended by paragraph (2)) is amended by adding 
        at the end the following:
    ``(g) Outreach.--Using existing resources and efforts to the 
maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall carry out a nationwide 
outreach program directed primarily towards landlords, owners, 
operators, persons, producers, and tenants (as those terms are defined 
in section 718.2 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect 
on the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act 
of 2024)) of agricultural land and county property appraiser offices, 
land appraisal companies, and real estate auction companies to increase 
public awareness and provide education regarding the reporting 
requirements under this section.''.
    (c) Investigative Actions.--Section 4 of the Agricultural Foreign 
Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3503) is amended--
            (1) by striking the section designation and heading and all 
        that follows through ``The Secretary'' and inserting the 
        following:

``SEC. 4. INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Security.--The Secretary shall--
            ``(1) in coordination with the office within the Department 
        of Agriculture established under section 7318 of the National 
        Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (50 U.S.C. 
        3384), ensure the availability of classified storage, meeting, 
        and other spaces, as necessary, for personnel to carry out this 
        section; and
            ``(2) assist personnel responsible for carrying out this 
        section in obtaining security clearances.
    ``(c) Chief of Operations.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall appoint an employee 
        in the Senior Executive Service (as described in section 3131 
        of title 5, United States Code) of the Department of 
        Agriculture to serve as Chief of Operations of Investigative 
        Actions (referred to in this section as the `Chief of 
        Operations'), who shall hire, appoint, and maintain additional 
        employees to monitor compliance with the provisions of this 
        Act.
            ``(2) Simultaneous service.--The Chief of Operations may 
        serve in such position simultaneously with a concurrent 
        position within the Department of Agriculture.
    ``(d) Duties.--The Chief of Operations shall--
            ``(1) be responsible for carrying out the authority 
        provided by subsection (a);
            ``(2) refer noncompliance with this Act to the Secretary, 
        the Farm Service Agency, and any other appropriate authority;
            ``(3) coordinate with the Department of Justice, the 
        Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Homeland 
        Security, the Department of the Treasury, the National Security 
        Council, and State and local law enforcement agencies, on 
        investigations into malign efforts--
                    ``(A) to steal agricultural knowledge and 
                technology; and
                    ``(B) to disrupt the United States agricultural 
                base;
            ``(4) conduct an annual compliance audit of not less than 
        10 percent of the reports submitted under section 2 for the 
        year covered by the audit to ensure the completeness and 
        accuracy of reports submitted under that section;
            ``(5) provide annual training to State and county-level 
        personnel relating to identifying agricultural land for which--
                    ``(A) a report is required to be submitted under 
                section 2; but
                    ``(B) no report has been submitted by the 
                applicable foreign person;
            ``(6) seek to enter into memoranda of agreement and 
        memoranda of understanding with the Federal agencies described 
        in paragraph (3)--
                    ``(A) to ensure compliance with this Act; and
                    ``(B) to prevent the malign efforts described in 
                that paragraph;
            ``(7) refer to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the 
        United States transactions that--
                    ``(A) raise potential national security concerns; 
                and
                    ``(B) result in agricultural land acquisition by a 
                foreign person that is a citizen of, or headquartered 
                in, as applicable, a foreign entity of concern;
            ``(8) coordinate and consult, as appropriate, with the 
        Department of Agriculture Office of Homeland Security and the 
        office within the Department of Agriculture established under 
        section 7318 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
        Fiscal Year 2024 (50 U.S.C. 3384); and
            ``(9) publish annual reports that summarize the information 
        contained in every report received by the Secretary under 
        section 2 during the period covered by the report.
    ``(e) Administration.--The Chief of Operations shall report to--
            ``(1) the Secretary; or
            ``(2) if delegated by the Secretary, to--
                    ``(A) the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency; 
                or
                    ``(B) the Director of the Department of Agriculture 
                Office of Homeland Security.
    ``(f) Actions by FPAC-BC.--As part of the actions taken under 
subsection (a), the Farm Production and Conservation Business Center 
shall--
            ``(1) take such actions as are necessary to validate the 
        data collected under section 2, including revising and 
        validating information throughout the data collection process;
            ``(2) take such actions as are necessary to ensure 
        compliance with section 2(g); and
            ``(3) in coordination with the Farm Service Agency, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, identify persons that have carried 
        out an activity subject to a civil penalty described in 
        paragraph (1) or (2) of section 3(a).''.
    (d) Reports.--Section 6 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment 
Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3505) is amended--
            (1) by striking the section designation and heading and all 
        that follows through ``Not later than'' and inserting the 
        following:

``SEC. 6. REPORTS.

    ``(a) Transmission of Reports to States.--Not later than''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Annual Report.--Annually, the Secretary shall prepare and 
make publicly available a report describing holdings of agricultural 
land by foreign persons, as determined by reports submitted under 
section 2, including--
            ``(1) on a State-by-State and county-by-county basis; and
            ``(2) an analysis of the sectors and industries for which 
        the agricultural land holdings are used.
    ``(c) Research.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this subsection, and once every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary 
shall--
            ``(1) carry out research on--
                    ``(A) the agricultural leasing activities in the 
                United States of foreign persons, including the impact 
                of those activities on family farms, rural communities, 
                and the domestic food supply;
                    ``(B) trends relating to the purchase of 
                agricultural land in the United States by foreign-owned 
                shell corporations (as defined in section 3(c)(1));
                    ``(C) foreign ownership of agricultural production 
                capacity and foreign participation in agricultural 
                economic activity in the United States; and
                    ``(D) in consultation with the Director of the 
                United States Geological Survey, foreign ownership or 
                leasing of water rights and mineral deposits on a 
                State-by-State and county-by-county basis; and
            ``(2) submit to Congress a report describing the results of 
        the research carried out under paragraph (1).
    ``(d) Report of Tracking Covered Transactions by Foreign Entities 
of Concern.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
subsection, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the 
feasibility of establishing a mechanism for quantifying the threats 
posed by foreign entities of concern to United States food security, 
biosecurity, food safety, environmental protection, and national 
defense.''.
    (e) Internet Database.--Section 7 of the Agricultural Foreign 
Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3506) is amended--
            (1) by striking the section designation and heading and all 
        that follows through ``Any report'' and inserting the 
        following:

``SEC. 7. PUBLIC INSPECTION.

    ``(a) In Person.--Any report''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Internet Database.--
            ``(1) In general.--As soon as practicable after the 
        Secretary has established a streamlined process for electronic 
        submission and retention of disclosures made under this Act 
        required by section 773 of division A of the Consolidated 
        Appropriations Act, 2023 (7 U.S.C. 3501 note; 136 Stat. 4509), 
        the Secretary shall make publicly available an internet 
        database that contains disaggregated data from each disclosure 
        submitted under this Act as human-readable and machine-readable 
        data sets.
            ``(2) Included data.--The data sets established under 
        paragraph (1) shall include--
                    ``(A) a description of the purchase price paid for, 
                or any other consideration given for, each interest in 
                agricultural land for which a report is submitted under 
                section 2; and
                    ``(B) in any case in which a foreign person is not 
                an individual or a government, the nature of the legal 
                entity holding the interest, the country in which the 
                foreign person is created or organized, and the 
                principal place of business of the foreign person.''.
    (f) Definitions.--Section 9 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment 
Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``For purposes of this Act--'' and inserting ``In this Act:'';
            (2) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, subject to the 
        condition that the Secretary may not exclude land from this 
        definition based on the acreage of the land'' before the 
        semicolon at the end;
            (3) in each of paragraphs (1) through (6)--
                    (A) by striking ``the term'' and inserting ``The 
                term''; and
                    (B) by inserting a paragraph heading, the text of 
                which comprises the term defined in that paragraph;
            (4) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as 
        paragraphs (3), (4), (6), (7), and (8), respectively;
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Foreign entity of concern.--The term `foreign entity 
        of concern' has the meaning given the term in section 9901 of 
        the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
        Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651).''; and
            (6) by inserting after paragraph (4) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(5) Malign effort.--The term `malign effort' means any 
        hostile effort undertaken by, at the direction of, on behalf 
        of, or with the substantial support of the government of a 
        foreign entity of concern.''.

SEC. 12402. NATIONAL PLANT DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK.

    Section 12203(c)(5) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 
U.S.C. 8914(c)(5)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 12403. OFFICE OF HOMELAND SECURITY.

    Section 221 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6922) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Agriculture and Food Defense Intraagency Coordination.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall ensure that there 
        are 1 or more career employees within the agencies and offices 
        of the Department, including each of the agencies and offices 
        described in paragraph (2), that are designated--
                    ``(A) to coordinate on agriculture and food defense 
                with the Office of Homeland Security and the office at 
                the Department established under section 7318 of the 
                National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 
                (50 U.S.C. 3384); and
                    ``(B) to receive information from the offices 
                described in subparagraph (A) on a need-to-know basis.
            ``(2) Agencies and offices described.--The agencies and 
        offices referred to in paragraph (1) are the Agricultural 
        Research Service, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection 
        Service, the Agricultural Marketing Service, the Foreign 
        Agricultural Service, the National Institute of Food and 
        Agriculture, the Food Safety and Inspection Service, the Forest 
        Service, the Farm Service Agency, the Risk Management Agency, 
        the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Office of the 
        Chief Information Officer, the Office of the General Counsel, 
        the Office of the Chief Scientist, the Office of the Chief 
        Economist, and such other agencies and offices as the Secretary 
        determines to be appropriate.
            ``(3) Qualification of designated employees.--An employee 
        designated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall possess the 
        appropriate security clearance.
            ``(4) Detailees.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law relating to the detailing and assignment of Federal 
        employees within the Department--
                    ``(A) the Secretary shall increase intraagency 
                coordination on agriculture and food defense by 
                ensuring that there are not fewer than 2 employees from 
                agencies or offices of the Department (other than the 
                Office of Homeland Security) detailed to the Office of 
                Homeland Security each for a period of not more than 2 
                years; and
                    ``(B) the Office of Homeland Security shall not be 
                required to fully or partially reimburse the employing 
                agency or office of an individual detailed under 
                subparagraph (A) for the period of the assignment.''.

SEC. 12404. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 12205 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public 
Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 4950) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 12405. RISK ASSESSMENT ON CYBERSECURITY-RELATED THREATS TO 
              AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS.

    Subtitle B of title XII of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 
(Public Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 4944) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:

``SEC. 12206. CYBERSECURITY-RELATED THREATS TO AGRICULTURE AND FOOD 
              SYSTEMS.

    ``(a) Risk Assessment.--The Secretary, in coordination with the 
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, the office at the 
Department of Agriculture established under section 7318 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (50 U.S.C. 
3384), the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, and the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology, shall conduct an assessment, on a biennial 
basis, of cybersecurity-related threats to and vulnerabilities in the 
agriculture and food system, including--
            ``(1) the risk of cybersecurity attacks on the agriculture 
        and food system;
            ``(2) potential losses in the agriculture and food system 
        due to a cybersecurity attack;
            ``(3) the gaps, challenges, barriers, or opportunities for 
        improving defensive measures in the agriculture and food 
        system;
            ``(4) lessons learned from any crisis simulation exercises 
        involving cybersecurity attacks on the agriculture and food 
        system; and
            ``(5) any recommendations for Federal legislative or 
        administrative actions to address the risks, vulnerabilities, 
        and potential losses due to cybersecurity attacks on the 
        agriculture and food system.
    ``(b) Biennial Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment this section, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary 
shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 
of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives a report describing the most recently conducted 
assessment under subsection (a).''.

               Subtitle E--Other Miscellaneous Provisions

SEC. 12501. MAPLE RESEARCH AND MARKET PROMOTION PROGRAM.

    Section 12306 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 1632c) is 
amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``acer access and 
        development program'' and inserting ``maple research and market 
        promotion program'';
            (2) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``Secretary of Agriculture may make'' and 
        inserting ``Secretary shall establish a program, to be known as 
        the `Maple Research and Market Promotion Program', under which 
        the Secretary may make'';
            (3) in subsection (e), by striking ``of Agriculture''; and
            (4) in subsection (f), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 12502. PROTECTING ANIMALS WITH SHELTER.

    Section 12502(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (34 
U.S.C. 20127) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``Office of the'' and 
        inserting ``Office on''; and
            (2) in paragraph (8)(A), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 12503. BEAGLE BRIGADE.

    Subtitle C of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7751 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 439. NATIONAL DETECTOR DOG TRAINING CENTER.

    ``(a) In General.--There is established a National Detector Dog 
Training Center (referred to in this section as the `Center').
    ``(b) Duties.--The Center shall have the following duties:
            ``(1) Training dogs for the purpose of safeguarding 
        domestic agricultural and natural resources from foreign and 
        invasive pests and diseases.
            ``(2) Training human handlers to successfully select and 
        train dogs for the purpose described in paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Collaborating with relevant Federal agencies, 
        including U.S. Customs and Border Protection, to safeguard 
        domestic agricultural and natural resources.
            ``(4) Collaborating with external stakeholders, including 
        State departments of agriculture, local and county agricultural 
        officials, private sector entities, and other relevant non-
        Federal partners.
            ``(5) Ensuring the health and welfare of all dogs under the 
        care of the Center, including by ensuring access to necessary 
        veterinary care, adequate shelter, and proper nutrition.
            ``(6) Providing opportunities for private adoption of 
        retirement-age trained dogs and dogs that do not complete 
        training.
            ``(7) Any other duties necessary to safeguard domestic 
        agricultural and natural resources from foreign and invasive 
        pests and diseases, as determined by the Secretary, acting 
        through the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health 
        Inspection Service.
    ``(c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this section, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the 
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, shall submit to Congress a 
report that contains--
            ``(1) a description of current and emerging threats to 
        domestic agricultural and natural resources from foreign pests 
        and diseases within the purview of the operations of the 
        Center;
            ``(2) an examination of the role that the Center plays in 
        the protection against foreign pests and diseases;
            ``(3) a description of improvements needed in Federal 
        programs to minimize threats from foreign pests and diseases 
        within the purview of the operations of the Center, including 
        strengthened coordination among the Animal and Plant Health 
        Inspection Service, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and 
        other relevant Federal agencies;
            ``(4) recommendations to strengthen the capabilities of the 
        Center in protecting against foreign pests and diseases; and
            ``(5) recommendations to improve--
                    ``(A) the dog procurement procedures of the Center; 
                and
                    ``(B) private adoption opportunities for 
                retirement-age trained dogs and dogs that do not 
                complete training.''.

SEC. 12504. IMPORTATION OF DOGS INTO THE UNITED STATES.

    (a) In General.--The Animal Health Protection Act is amended by 
inserting after section 10404 (7 U.S.C. 8303) the following:

``SEC. 10404A. IMPORTATION OF DOGS.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Compensation.--The term `compensation' means any act, 
        consideration, or thing of value received by a person directly, 
        including cash or noncash benefits, cost-avoidance, obtaining 
        positive or avoiding negative publicity, an exchange of 
        services, or maintaining a license issued under any local, 
        State, or Federal Government authority.
            ``(2) Import transporter.--The term `import transporter' 
        means any person or entity who--
                    ``(A) receives an imported dog from any importer, 
                dealer, research facility, exhibitor, operator of an 
                auction sale, or department, agency, or instrumentality 
                of the United States or of any State or local 
                government; and
                    ``(B) receives compensation for moving that 
                imported dog in commerce.
            ``(3) Importer.--The term `importer' means any person who 
        transports or causes the transportation of a dog into the 
        United States from a foreign country.
            ``(4) Transfer.--The term `transfer' means a change of 
        ownership or control of an imported dog to another person, 
        including by sale, adoption, exchange, or donation.
    ``(b) Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), no 
        person shall import a dog into the United States unless, prior 
        to transport to the United States, the Secretary receives 
        electronic documentation demonstrating, as determined by the 
        Secretary, that the dog--
                    ``(A) is in good health;
                    ``(B) has received all necessary vaccinations and 
                internal and external parasite treatment and 
                demonstrated negative test results, as required by the 
                Secretary and evidenced by a certificate that--
                            ``(i) is issued by a licensed veterinarian 
                        accredited by a competent veterinary authority 
                        recognized by the Secretary; and
                            ``(ii) is endorsed by that authority in a 
                        manner representing that the veterinarian 
                        issuing the certificate was authorized to do 
                        so;
                    ``(C) is officially identified by a permanent 
                method approved by the Secretary; and
                    ``(D) if intended for transfer--
                            ``(i) is at least 6 months old; and
                            ``(ii) is accompanied by an import permit 
                        issued by the Secretary under this Act.
            ``(2) Exceptions.--The Secretary, by regulation, shall 
        provide an exception to any requirement under this Act in any 
        case in which a dog is imported--
                    ``(A) as a personal pet of United States origin 
                returning to the United States; or
                    ``(B) for purposes of transfer for--
                            ``(i) research purposes;
                            ``(ii) veterinary treatment, paid for by 
                        the importer, subject to the condition that the 
                        dog--
                                    ``(I) is taken directly to a 
                                veterinary facility for treatment with 
                                appropriate quarantine until the dog 
                                meets the criteria described in 
                                paragraph (1); and
                                    ``(II) is then exported to its 
                                country of origin; or
                            ``(iii) in the case of a dog that is less 
                        than 6 months old, lawful importation into the 
                        State of Hawaii from the British Isles, 
                        Australia, Guam, or New Zealand, in compliance 
                        with the regulations of the State of Hawaii and 
                        the other requirements of this section, if the 
                        dog is not transported out of the State of 
                        Hawaii for transfer at less than 6 months of 
                        age.
    ``(c) Implementation and Regulations.--Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security 
Act of 2024, the Secretary, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, 
the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the 
Secretary of Transportation shall promulgate such regulations as the 
Secretaries determine to be necessary to implement and enforce this 
section, including regulations that--
            ``(1) facilitate electronic submission and interagency 
        sharing of all documentation required under subsection (b)(1) 
        prior to the arrival of a dog into the United States;
            ``(2) establish any necessary postarrival verification 
        processes for imported dogs;
            ``(3) ensure the denial of entry into the United States of 
        any dog that fails to meet the requirements of subsection 
        (b)(1);
            ``(4) require the Secretary to share with a State 
        veterinarian, on request of the State veterinarian, the 
        certificate described in subsection (b)(1)(B) for the 
        applicable imported dog; and
            ``(5) determine and establish such fees for the 
        verification of documentation and issuance of permits with 
        respect to dog importation as are necessary to fund the 
        implementation and enforcement of this section.
    ``(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (c)(5) limits 
the availability of funding made available under section 10417 to carry 
out this section.
    ``(e) Enforcement.--
            ``(1) Authority.--The Secretary shall have the authority 
        granted under section 10414 to enforce this section.
            ``(2) Penalties.--An importer or import transporter that 
        fails to comply with this section shall--
                    ``(A) be subject to penalties under section 10414; 
                and
                    ``(B) if the importer is a dealer, provide, as the 
                Secretary may determine, at the expense of the 
                importer, for--
                            ``(i) the care (including appropriate 
                        veterinary care), forfeiture, quarantine, and 
                        removal from the United States of each 
                        applicable dog; and
                            ``(ii) the return of each applicable dog to 
                        its place of export, with due care for the 
                        welfare of each applicable dog.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 18 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 
U.S.C. 2148) is repealed.
    (c) Transition Period.--Until the date on which final regulations 
are issued under section 10404A(c) of the Animal Health Protection Act 
(as added by subsection (a)), the importation of live dogs shall be 
regulated in accordance with the regulations promulgated under section 
18 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 2148) (as in effect on the day before the date 
of enactment of this Act), but only to the extent that those 
regulations are not in conflict with section 10404A of that Act.

SEC. 12505. VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM AND VETERINARY 
              SERVICES GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall conduct a study to 
        review the veterinary medicine loan repayment program 
        established under section 1415A of the National Agricultural 
        Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 
        3151a) (referred to in this subsection as the ``program'')--
                    (A) to determine if the program is achieving its 
                purpose of ensuring that an adequate supply of trained 
                food animal veterinarians are placed in identified 
                veterinarian shortage situations (as determined under 
                subsection (b) of that section (7 U.S.C. 3151a(b))); 
                and
                    (B) to identify recommendations for improvements to 
                the program, including improvements that may be 
                implemented administratively or that require statutory 
                authorization.
            (2) Contents.--The study under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    (A) retention and compensation data of awardees;
                    (B) data on the student loan debt of applicants and 
                awardees;
                    (C) an examination of the seasonality of practice 
                type for food animal practitioners; and
                    (D) an estimate of the benefits of increasing the 
                maximum annual payment amount towards qualified 
                educational loans.
            (3) Community input.--In carrying out the study under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall seek input from stakeholders 
        on--
                    (A) whether the program is meeting its short-term 
                objective of matching specific area needs with the 
                knowledge, skills, abilities, experiences, goals, and 
                aspirations of applicants;
                    (B) whether the program is meeting its long-term 
                objective of providing educational loan repayment 
                support to veterinarians to sustain clinical private 
                and public practice in veterinary shortage situations 
                described in paragraph (1)(A);
                    (C) identifying concerns and problems with program 
                implementation;
                    (D) providing solutions for problems identified in 
                subparagraph (C), to include in recommendations under 
                paragraph (1)(B); and
                    (E) any other issues that the Secretary determines 
                appropriate.
            (4) Report.--The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
        Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a 
        report that describes the results of the study conducted under 
        paragraph (1), including--
                    (A) the recommendations described in paragraph 
                (1)(B) and any other recommendations that the Secretary 
                determines appropriate; and
                    (B) any data and information gaps identified for 
                applicants and awardees of the program.
    (b) Veterinary Services Grant Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall conduct a study to 
        review the veterinary services grant program established under 
        section 1415B of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
        and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3151b) (referred to 
        in this subsection as the ``program'')--
                    (A) to determine if the program is achieving its 
                purpose of relieving veterinarian shortage situations 
                (as defined in subsection (a) of that section (7 U.S.C. 
                3151b(a)) and supporting veterinary services; and
                    (B) to identify recommendations for improvements to 
                the program, including improvements that may be 
                implemented administratively or that require statutory 
                authorization.
            (2) Community input.--In carrying out the study under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall seek input from stakeholders 
        on--
                    (A) whether the education, extension, and training 
                grants are achieving their purpose of developing, 
                implementing, and sustaining veterinary services 
                through education, training, recruitment, placement, 
                and retention of veterinarians, veterinary technicians, 
                and students of veterinary medicine and veterinary 
                technology;
                    (B) whether the rural practice enhancement grants 
                are achieving their purpose of establishing or 
                expanding veterinary practices in rural areas;
                    (C) identifying concerns and problems with program 
                implementation;
                    (D) providing solutions for problems identified 
                under subparagraph (C), to include in recommendations 
                under paragraph (1)(B); and
                    (E) any other issues that the Secretary determines 
                appropriate.
            (3) Report.--The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
        Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a 
        report that describes the results of the study conducted under 
        paragraph (1), including the recommendations described in 
        paragraph (1)(B) and any other recommendations that the 
        Secretary determines appropriate.

SEC. 12506. REPORT ON ANIMAL DEPOPULATION.

    (a) Definition of Mass Depopulation.--In this section, the term 
``mass depopulation'' means the method by which large numbers of 
animals are destroyed quickly and efficiently to contain, control, and 
eradicate disease.
    (b) Report.--Not later than December 31 of each year, the 
Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service shall 
submit to the Secretary a report that describes the mass depopulation 
activities carried out or facilitated by the Animal and Plant Health 
Inspection Service during the previous fiscal year, including the 
following information with regard to each mass depopulation:
            (1) The dates of the mass depopulation.
            (2) The general geographic region in which the mass 
        depopulation occurred.
            (3) Reasons for the mass depopulation.
            (4) The total number, species, and breed of the depopulated 
        animals.
            (5) The depopulation and disposal methods that were used.
            (6) Any monitoring, testing, or sampling protocol used to 
        monitor releases of environmental contaminants from the 
        disposal location.
            (7) The total cost associated with the mass depopulation 
        and disposal.
    (c) Publicly Searchable Database.--The Secretary shall develop and 
make publicly available an electronically searchable and sortable 
database that contains the information reported under subsection (b).

SEC. 12507. RETIREMENT OF RESEARCH ANIMALS.

    (a) In General.--Section 14 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 
2144) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 14. STANDARDS FOR FEDERAL FACILITIES.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Animal rescue organization.--The term `animal rescue 
        organization' means a nonprofit organization the purpose of 
        which is to rescue covered animals and find permanent adoptive 
        homes for those animals.
            ``(2) Animal shelter.--The term `animal shelter' means a 
        facility that--
                    ``(A) accepts or seizes covered animals--
                            ``(i) to care for the animals;
                            ``(ii) to place those animals in a 
                        permanent adoptive home; or
                            ``(iii) for purposes of law enforcement; 
                        and
                    ``(B) does not--
                            ``(i) engage in commercial trade of covered 
                        animals;
                            ``(ii) breed covered animals;
                            ``(iii) allow the use of a covered animal 
                        for performance or exhibition purposes; or
                            ``(iv) conduct or permit research on a 
                        covered animal other than noninvasive 
                        behavioral research.
            ``(3) Covered animal.--The term `covered animal' means a 
        dog or a cat that is unwanted, abandoned, or otherwise in need 
        of placement in a home.
            ``(4) Nonprofit organization.--The term `nonprofit 
        organization' means an organization described in section 
        501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from 
        taxation under section 501(a) of that Code.
            ``(5) Suitable for retirement.--The term `suitable for 
        retirement' means, with respect to an animal, that the animal 
        has been evaluated by a licensed veterinarian and is determined 
        to be mentally and physically healthy.
    ``(b) Laboratory Animal Facilities and Exhibitors.--Any department, 
agency, or instrumentality of the United States that operates 
laboratory animal facilities or exhibits animals shall comply with the 
standards and other requirements promulgated by the Secretary under 
subsections (a), (g), (h), and (i) of section 13.
    ``(c) Retirement.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024, any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United 
        States operating a Federal research facility shall, after 
        public notice and comment, promulgate regulations that, with 
        respect to any covered animal of the facility that is no longer 
        needed for research and is determined to be suitable for 
        retirement--
                    ``(A) facilitate and encourage the adoption of the 
                covered animal by, or placement of the covered animal 
                with, an animal rescue organization, an animal shelter, 
                or an individual who intends to keep the covered animal 
                as a pet; and
                    ``(B) to the maximum extent practicable, seek 
                collaboration with appropriate nonprofit organizations 
                to carry out subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) National placement.--The regulations promulgated to 
        carry out paragraph (1)(A) shall include consideration of 
        placing covered animals with the entities described in that 
        subparagraph that are located beyond the immediate geographic 
        vicinity of the Federal research facility at which the covered 
        animal being retired is located.
    ``(d) Effect on Other Laws.--Nothing in this section, including 
regulations promulgated under subsection (c)(1), shall--
            ``(1) preempt any State or local law relating to the 
        adoption or placement of animals used in research that is more 
        stringent than the requirements of this section; or
            ``(2) prevent a State or unit of local government from 
        adopting or enforcing an animal welfare law that is more 
        stringent than this section.''.
    (b) Technical Amendments.--Section 13 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 
U.S.C. 2143) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (g) and (h) as subsections 
        (h) and (i), respectively; and
            (2) by redesignating the second subsection (f) (relating to 
        the certification requirement for the delivery of any animal) 
        as subsection (g).

SEC. 12508. STRENGTHENING ENFORCEMENT OF ANIMAL WELFARE ACT.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 2 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 
2132) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``of the United States 
        or his representative who shall be an employee of the United 
        States'' and inserting ``or a representative of the Secretary 
        of Agriculture, who shall be an employee of the'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(1), by adding ``or'' at the end after 
        the semicolon; and
            (3) in each of subsections (a) through (o)--
                    (A) by inserting a subsection heading, the text of 
                which comprises the term defined in the subsection;
                    (B) by reordering the subsections so as to appear 
                in alphabetical order based on the subsection headings 
                (as so added); and
                    (C) by redesignating the subsections (as so 
                reordered) appropriately.
    (b) Sale or Transportation Without License.--Section 4 of the 
Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2134) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 4. SALE OR TRANSPORTATION WITHOUT LICENSE.

    ``No dealer or exhibitor shall do any of the following in commerce: 
exhibit, purchase, offer to purchase, sell, offer to sell, transport, 
or offer for transportation any animal, unless the dealer or exhibitor 
has a valid license from the Secretary that has not been suspended.''.
    (c) Investigations and Inspections.--Section 16(c) of the Animal 
Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2146(c)) is amended in the fourth sentence by 
striking ``enforce, and to prevent and restrain violations of this 
Act,'' and inserting ``enforce, prevent, and restrain violations of 
this Act, or any rule, standard, or regulation promulgated pursuant to 
this Act,''.
    (d) Civil Penalty.--Section 19 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 
2149) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d), in the first sentence, by inserting 
        ``, or any rule, standard, or regulation promulgated 
        thereunder,'' before ``shall''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Rewards and Certain Incidental Expenses.--With respect to the 
sums received by the Secretary or the Attorney General as penalties or 
fines for any violation of this Act or any rule, standard, or 
regulation promulgated thereunder, the Secretary or the Attorney 
General, as applicable, shall use those sums to pay the reasonable and 
necessary costs incurred by any person in providing temporary care for 
any animal pending the disposition of any civil or criminal proceeding 
alleging a violation of this Act with respect to that animal.''.
    (e) Enforcement by Attorney General.--The Animal Welfare Act is 
amended by inserting after section 19 (7 U.S.C. 2149) the following:

``SEC. 20. ENFORCEMENT BY ATTORNEY GENERAL.

    ``(a) In General.--The Attorney General may bring a civil action in 
the appropriate district court of the United States for appropriate 
relief, including a temporary restraining order, preliminary or 
permanent injunction (including for removal or relocation of animals), 
license revocation, and civil penalties of up to $10,000 for each 
violation for each day during which the violation continues, against 
any person who violates any provision of this Act or any rule, 
standard, or regulation promulgated thereunder.
    ``(b) Seizure and Forfeiture of Animals.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any animal that is subjected to conduct 
        that constitutes a violation of this Act, or any rule, 
        standard, or regulation promulgated thereunder, shall be 
        subject to seizure and forfeiture to the United States in 
        accordance with chapter 46 of title 18, United States Code.
            ``(2) Costs.--Any person whose act or omission is the basis 
        for a seizure authorized by subparagraph (1) may be charged a 
        reasonable fee for expenses to the United States relating to 
        the transfer and care of the seized animal.
    ``(c) Warrants.--The judges of the district courts of the United 
States and United States magistrate judges may, within their respective 
jurisdictions, on proper oath or affirmation showing probable cause, 
issue such warrants or other processes as may be required for 
enforcement of this Act and any rule, standard, or regulation 
promulgated thereunder.
    ``(d) Savings Clause.--
            ``(1) Attorney general.--No action taken by the Attorney 
        General pursuant to this section shall affect or limit the 
        authority of the Secretary to enforce any provision of this Act 
        or any rule, standard, or regulation thereunder.
            ``(2) Secretary.--No action taken by the Secretary shall 
        affect or limit the authority of the Attorney General under 
        this Act.''.
    (f) Authority To Apply for Injunctions.--Section 29(b) of the 
Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2159(b)) is amended by striking the second 
sentence.
    (g) Severability.--The Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq.) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 30. SEVERABILITY.

    ``If any provision of this Act, or the application thereof, is held 
invalid, the validity of the remainder of this Act and the application 
of such provision to other persons and circumstances shall not be 
affected.''.
    (h) Memorandum of Understanding.--Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter into a 
memorandum of understanding with the Attorney General to carry out the 
authorities granted by the amendments made by this section, including 
an agreement to provide the Attorney General with timely information 
about violators who have multiple citations that seriously or adversely 
affect the health or well-being of an animal.
    (i) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) section 16(c) of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 
        2146(c)) establishes the jurisdiction of Federal courts to 
        address violations of, and cases arising from violations of, 
        that Act and provides the Attorney General with the authority 
        to bring such cases in Federal court; and
            (2) the enforcement jurisdiction of the Federal courts, and 
        the corresponding enforcement authority of the Attorney 
        General, include violations of the rules, standards, and 
        regulations promulgated under that Act.

SEC. 12509. DAIRY BUSINESS INNOVATION INITIATIVES.

    Section 12513(i) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 
U.S.C. 1632d(i)) is amended by striking ``$20,000,000'' and inserting 
``$36,000,000''.

SEC. 12510. MARKETING ORDERS.

    Section 8e(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 608e-
1(a)), reenacted with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing 
Agreement Act of 1937, is amended--
            (1) in the first sentence, by striking ``dates, filberts'' 
        and inserting ``dates (including dates for processing), 
        filberts'';
            (2) by striking ``, other than dates for processing,'' each 
        place it appears; and
            (3) by striking ``he'' each place it appears and inserting 
        ``the Secretary of Agriculture''.

SEC. 12511. FARMER SEED LIAISON.

    Subtitle I of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 7005) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 286. FARMER SEED LIAISON.

    ``(a) Authorization.--The Secretary shall establish in the 
Agricultural Marketing Service the position of Farmer Seed Liaison.
    ``(b) Duties.--The Farmer Seed Liaison shall--
            ``(1) elevate the voices of farmers, small- and mid-sized 
        seed companies, and independent plant breeders for the purpose 
        of strengthening competition and choice in the seed 
        marketplace;
            ``(2) serve as a point of contact within the Department for 
        stakeholders regarding all matters relating to seeds;
            ``(3) liaise with the United States Patent and Trademark 
        Office and other relevant Federal and State agencies and 
        international bodies regarding seed issues;
            ``(4) engage with farmers, seed companies, plant breeders, 
        and the public regarding transparency and competition in seed 
        markets, including with respect to the Federal Seed Act (7 
        U.S.C. 1551 et seq.);
            ``(5) promote innovation by working with relevant research 
        agencies of the Department--
                    ``(A) to identify priorities for public plant 
                breeding research and development; and
                    ``(B) to promote research access to seed germplasm;
            ``(6) review, and advise the Secretary regarding, farmer 
        and plant breeder rights and protections under relevant laws 
        (including the effectiveness of compliance with, and 
        enforcement of, those laws), including the monitoring of--
                    ``(A) any online materials that advertise seeds 
                regulated under the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. 1551 et 
                seq.);
                    ``(B) contracting and data usage practices that 
                implicate farmer and plant breeder privacy, use rights, 
                or competition; and
                    ``(C) licensing or marketing arrangements between 
                seed companies and farmers or plant breeders;
            ``(7) establish and periodically update the website 
        described in subsection (d); and
            ``(8) in carrying out the duties described in paragraphs 
        (1) through (7), consult with and provide technical assistance 
        to any Federal department or agency.
    ``(c) Support.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
Secretary may authorize staff in other agencies and offices of the 
Department, including the Plant Variety Protection Office in the 
Agricultural Marketing Service, to support the duties of the Farmer 
Seed Liaison under this section.
    ``(d) Website Required.--The website referred to in subsection 
(b)(7) shall include--
            ``(1) resources, either within the Department or within 
        other Federal departments or agencies, that promote innovation 
        and competition within the seed marketplace; and
            ``(2) opportunities for stakeholder engagement and 
        feedback.
    ``(e) Consultation Required.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall consult with relevant stakeholder organizations, 
including those that serve farmers, small- and mid-sized seed 
companies, and independent plant breeders.
    ``(f) Report.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the 
        Secretary shall submit a report on the activities of the Farmer 
        Seed Liaison in the prior fiscal year to--
                    ``(A) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                    ``(B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                Forestry of the Senate.
            ``(2) Publicly available.--The Secretary shall make the 
        report described in paragraph (1) publicly available on the 
        website of the Department.
    ``(g) Funding.--In addition to any amounts otherwise available, 
there is authorized to be appropriated $3,500,000 for each fiscal year 
to carry out this section.''.

SEC. 12512. PROCUREMENT STUDY AND REPORT.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary shall conduct a study to examine barriers 
to and opportunities for commodity food purchases by the Department of 
Agriculture (including under programs funded by the Department of 
Agriculture), including--
            (1) the barriers to and opportunities for commodity food 
        purchases by the Department of Agriculture (including under 
        programs funded by the Department of Agriculture) with respect 
        to--
                    (A) food produced by--
                            (i) beginning, veteran, limited resource, 
                        and underserved farmers and ranchers;
                            (ii) small to mid-sized farm operations;
                            (iii) agricultural cooperatives; and
                            (iv) independent small and mid-sized meat 
                        and poultry processors;
                    (B) food produced pursuant to certifications 
                relating to--
                            (i) organic production;
                            (ii) animal welfare;
                            (iii) climate-smart practices;
                            (iv) using fair labor practices, such as a 
                        fair trade certification; or
                            (v) other process-related or product 
                        attribute certifications determined appropriate 
                        by the Secretary; and
                    (C) food produced by or supplied by providers of 
                Kosher, Halal, Tribal, or other culturally relevant 
                agricultural products; and
            (2) the extent to which existing procurement channels, 
        including the Local Food Purchase Assistance Cooperative 
        Agreement Program, have addressed barriers to and opportunities 
        for commodity food purchases by the Department of Agriculture 
        (including under programs funded by the Department of 
        Agriculture) for each of the barriers identified in paragraph 
        (1).
    (b) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall publish and make publicly available on 
the website of the Department of Agriculture a report describing in 
detail the results of the study conducted under subsection (a).

SEC. 12513. PROMOTION OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL WORKPLACE 
              ACCOUNTABILITY.

    (a) Required Representations and Certifications.--Not later than 18 
months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
            (1) require any entity that enters into a contract with the 
        Department of Agriculture to represent, on an annual basis and 
        to the best of the knowledge of the entity, whether, within the 
        preceding 3-year period, any final administrative merits 
        determination, arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment, 
        as defined in coordination with the Secretary of Labor, has 
        been issued against the entity for any violation of section 12 
        of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 212), 
        relating to child labor;
            (2) require that an offeror with respect to a contract with 
        the Department of Agriculture--
                    (A) certify, to the best of the knowledge of the 
                entity, whether, within the preceding 3-year period, 
                any final administrative merits determination, arbitral 
                award or decision, or civil judgment, as defined by the 
                Secretary in coordination with the Secretary of Labor, 
                for a violation described in paragraph (1) has been 
                issued against the entity; and
                    (B) require such a certification from each of the 
                subcontractors or service providers to be used in 
                performing, or that were considered for the performance 
                of, the contract for which the offeror is submitting an 
                offer and provide such certifications with the 
                certification by the offeror under subparagraph (A);
            (3) prohibit the Department of Agriculture from awarding a 
        contract to--
                    (A) an entity that provides an affirmative response 
                to a representation under paragraph (1) and has failed 
                to implement any corrective measure negotiated under 
                subsection (b); or
                    (B) an offeror that--
                            (i) provides an affirmative response to a 
                        certification under paragraph (2) and has 
                        failed to implement any corrective measure 
                        negotiated under subsection (b); or
                            (ii) intends to use a subcontractor or 
                        service provider in the performance of the 
                        contract that was identified as having 
                        violations in such an affirmative response and 
                        has failed to implement any corrective measure 
                        negotiated under such subsection;
            (4) require the name and address of each entity that 
        provides an affirmative response to a representation under 
        paragraph (1), and the name and address of each offeror, 
        subcontractor, or service provider identified as having 
        violations in an affirmative response to a certification under 
        paragraph (2), to be referred to the Secretary of Labor for 
        purposes of negotiating with that entity, offeror, 
        subcontractor, or service provider on corrective measures under 
        subsection (b) and preparing the list and conducting suspension 
        and debarment proceedings under subsection (c); and
            (5) coordinate with the Secretary of Labor to provide 
        procedures for consultation with the Secretary of Labor by an 
        offeror described in paragraph (2) to assist the offeror in 
        evaluating the information on compliance with section 12 of the 
        Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 212), relating to 
        child labor, submitted to the offeror by a subcontractor or 
        service provider pursuant to such paragraph.
    (b) Corrective Measures.--An entity that makes an affirmative 
response to a representation under subsection (a)(1) or offeror, 
subcontractor, or service provider that makes an affirmative response 
in a certification under subsection (a)(2)--
            (1) shall update the representation or certification, 
        respectively, based on any steps taken by the entity, offeror, 
        subcontractor, or service provider to correct violations of or 
        improve compliance with section 12 of the Fair Labor Standards 
        Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 212), relating to child labor, including 
        any agreements entered into with the Secretary of Labor; and
            (2) may negotiate with the Secretary of Labor regarding 
        corrective measures that the entity, offeror, subcontractor, or 
        service provider may take in order to avoid being placed on the 
        list under subsection (c) and referred for suspension and 
        debarment proceedings under such subsection, in the case the 
        entity, offeror, subcontractor, or service provider meets the 
        criteria for such list and proceedings under such subsection.
    (c) List of Ineligible Entities.--
            (1) In general.--For each calendar year beginning with the 
        first calendar year that begins after the date that is 2 years 
        after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
        Labor, in coordination with the Secretary as necessary, shall 
        prepare a list and conduct suspension and debarment proceedings 
        for--
                    (A) each entity that provided an affirmative 
                response to a representation under subsection (a)(1) 
                and has failed to implement any corrective measure 
                negotiated under subsection (b) for the year of the 
                list; and
                    (B) each offeror, subcontractor, or service 
                provider that was identified as having violations in an 
                affirmative response to a certification under 
                subsection (a)(2) and has failed to implement any 
                corrective measure negotiated under subsection (b) for 
                the year of the list.
            (2) Ineligibility.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall not, during 
                the period of time described in subparagraph (B), 
                solicit offers from, award contracts to, or consent to 
                subcontracts with any entity, offeror, subcontractor, 
                or service provider that is listed--
                            (i) under paragraph (1); and
                            (ii) as an active exclusion in the System 
                        for Award Management.
                    (B) Period of time.--The period of time described 
                in this subparagraph is a period of time determined by 
                the suspension and debarment official that is not less 
                than 4 years from the date on which the entity, 
                offeror, subcontractor, or service provider is listed 
                as an exclusion in the System for Award Management.
            (3) Additional considerations.--In determining the entities 
        to consider for suspension and debarment proceedings under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary of Labor shall ensure procedures 
        for such determination are consistent with the procedures set 
        forth in subpart 9.4 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation for 
        the suspension and debarment of Federal contractors.
    (d) Penalties for Failure To Report.--
            (1) Offense.--It shall be unlawful for a person to 
        knowingly fail to make a representation or certification 
        required under paragraph (1) or (2), respectively, of 
        subsection (a).
            (2) Penalty.--
                    (A) In general.--A violation of paragraph (1) shall 
                be referred by the Secretary for suspension and 
                debarment proceedings, to be conducted by the 
                suspension and debarment official of the Department of 
                Labor.
                    (B) Loss to government.--A violation of paragraph 
                (1) shall be subject to the penalties under sections 
                3729 through 3733 of title 31, United States Code 
                (commonly known as the ``False Claims Act'').
    (e) Public Availability.--For each calendar year beginning with the 
first calendar year that begins after the date that is 2 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in coordination with 
the Secretary of Labor, shall make publicly available on a public 
website a report that includes--
            (1) the number of entities, offerors, subcontractors, or 
        service providers on the list under subsection (c) for the year 
        of the report;
            (2) the number of entities, offerors, subcontractors, or 
        service providers that agreed to take corrective measures under 
        subsection (b) for such year;
            (3) the amount of the applicable contracts with the 
        Department of Agriculture for the entities, offerors, 
        subcontractors, or service providers described in paragraph (1) 
        or (2); and
            (4) an assessment of the effectiveness of the 
        implementation of this section for such year.
    (f) Gao Study.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) conduct a study on the prevalence of violations of 
        section 12 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 
        212), relating to child labor, among entities that have entered 
        into contracts with the Department of Agriculture; and
            (2) submit a report containing the findings of the study 
        conducted under paragraph (1) to--
                    (A) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                Forestry of the Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Homeland Security and 
                Governmental Affairs of the Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                    (D) the Committee on Oversight and Accountability 
                of the House of Representatives.

SEC. 12514. RELIEF FOR FARMERS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Agricultural land.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``agricultural land'' 
                means any land that is used, or capable of use without 
                substantial modification, for production of farm 
                products.
                    (B) Inclusions.--The term ``agricultural land'' 
                includes irrigation water, livestock water, surface 
                water, groundwater, and agricultural inputs on or 
                associated with land described in subparagraph (A).
            (2) Commercial farm.--The term ``commercial farm'' means a 
        farm on which a person produces any farm product with the 
        intent that the farm product be sold or otherwise disposed of 
        to generate income.
            (3) Eligible government.--The term ``eligible government'' 
        means--
                    (A) a State;
                    (B) the District of Columbia;
                    (C) a territory of the United States; and
                    (D) an Indian Tribe.
            (4) Farm product.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``farm product'' means 
                any plant or animal that is useful to humans.
                    (B) Inclusions.--The term ``farm product'' 
                includes--
                            (i) forages;
                            (ii) sod crops;
                            (iii) grains;
                            (iv) food crops;
                            (v) dairy products;
                            (vi) poultry and poultry products;
                            (vii) bees;
                            (viii) livestock and livestock products;
                            (ix) products of aquaculture;
                            (x) fruits;
                            (xi) berries;
                            (xii) vegetables;
                            (xiii) flowers;
                            (xiv) seeds;
                            (xv) grasses;
                            (xvi) Christmas trees; and
                            (xvii) other similar products, as 
                        determined by the Secretary.
            (5) Perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance; pfas.--The 
        term ``perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance'' or 
        ``PFAS'' means a chemical that--
                    (A) contains at least one of--
                            (i) R-(CF2)-CF(R')R'', where both the CF2 
                        and CF moieties are saturated carbons, and none 
                        of the R groups can be hydrogen;
                            (ii) R-CF2OCF2-R', where both the CF2 
                        moieties are saturated carbons, and none of the 
                        R groups can be hydrogen; or
                            (iii) CF3C(CF3)RR', where all the carbons 
                        are saturated, and none of the R groups can be 
                        hydrogen; or
                    (B) is covered by the most recent working 
                definition of PFAS issued by the Administrator of the 
                Environmental Protection Agency.
            (6) Program.--The term ``program'' means the program 
        established under subsection (b).
            (7) Septage.--The term ``septage'' means waste, refuse, 
        effluent, sludge, and any other materials from septic tanks, 
        cesspools, or any other similar facilities.
            (8) Sludge.--The term ``sludge'' means--
                    (A) solid, semisolid, or liquid waste generated 
                from a municipal, commercial, or industrial--
                            (i) wastewater treatment plant;
                            (ii) water supply treatment plant; or
                            (iii) wet process air pollution control 
                        facility; and
                    (B) any other waste having similar characteristics 
                and effect.
    (b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a program under 
which the Secretary shall provide grants to eligible governments for 
the purposes described in subsection (f).
    (c) Eligibility.--
            (1) In general.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
        the program, the territory of an eligible government shall 
        contain--
                    (A) agricultural land that contains any soil with 
                levels of PFAS that have been determined to be unsafe 
                pursuant to criteria established by the Secretary; or
                    (B) water used for the production of farm products 
                with levels of PFAS that have been determined to be 
                unsafe pursuant to criteria established by the 
                Secretary.
            (2) Consideration.--In determining the eligibility of an 
        eligible government for a grant under the program, the 
        Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the 
        Environmental Protection Agency, shall consider State standards 
        and limitations relating to soil and water.
    (d) Applications.--
            (1) In general.--To receive a grant under the program, the 
        department of agriculture or similar agency of an eligible 
        government shall submit to the Secretary an application at such 
        time, in such manner, and containing such information as the 
        Secretary may require.
            (2) Spend plan.--An application submitted under paragraph 
        (1) shall contain a plan describing how the eligible government 
        will administer the funding received under the program, 
        including funding priorities and oversight.
    (e) Set-Aside.--Each year, the Secretary shall provide not less 
than 30 percent of the total funding provided under the program to 1 or 
more eligible governments with a population of less than 3,000,000.
    (f) Purposes and Use of Grant Funds.--
            (1) In general.--An eligible government may use a grant 
        received under the program to provide funding for any of the 
        following purposes:
                    (A) Monitoring (including through blood serum 
                testing) the PFAS-related health complications of a 
                person, and members of the household of that person, if 
                agricultural land the person lives or works on is found 
                to be contaminated by PFAS.
                    (B) Buying, selling, or providing compensation for 
                agricultural land or farm products found, through test 
                results provided to the eligible government, to be 
                contaminated by PFAS, including costs associated with 
                the depopulation or disposal of farm products, 
                premortem or postmortem.
                    (C) Investing in agricultural equipment, 
                facilities, and infrastructure to ensure that 
                agricultural land that, or a commercial farm any 
                agricultural land of which, is found to be contaminated 
                by PFAS maintains profitability while the producers on 
                the agricultural land, in response to the PFAS 
                contamination--
                            (i) transition to an alternative production 
                        system; or
                            (ii) implement remediation strategies 
                        (including disposal), technological 
                        adaptations, or other modifications to the 
                        operations of the agricultural land or 
                        commercial farm.
                    (D) Assisting the producers on agricultural land 
                that, or a commercial farm any agricultural land of 
                which, is found to be contaminated by PFAS in 
                developing an enterprise budget for--
                            (i) alternative production systems;
                            (ii) remediation strategies;
                            (iii) technological adaptations;
                            (iv) transitioning to an alternative 
                        revenue stream; or
                            (v) relocating a farming operation to new 
                        agricultural land.
                    (E) Providing financial assistance to a person the 
                commercial farm of which is found to be contaminated by 
                PFAS, including income replacement.
                    (F) Evaluating and expanding the capacity of PFAS 
                testing and data management in the territory of the 
                eligible government.
                    (G) Conducting research that--
                            (i) supports short-term farm management 
                        decisions with respect to agricultural land 
                        that has been contaminated by PFAS; and
                            (ii) assesses future options for viable 
                        uses of agricultural land and water used for 
                        agricultural production that has been 
                        contaminated by PFAS.
                    (H) Conducting research that quantifies the impact 
                of PFAS on commercial farms and agricultural 
                communities in the territory of the eligible 
                government.
                    (I) Conducting research on--
                            (i) soil and water remediation systems;
                            (ii) the viability of those systems for 
                        PFAS-contaminated commercial farms;
                            (iii) the composting or disposal of PFAS-
                        contaminated crops or livestock;
                            (iv) implementing alternative production 
                        systems in response to PFAS contamination;
                            (v) the PFAS uptake of various farm 
                        products; and
                            (vi) food safety relating to PFAS 
                        contamination.
                    (J) Developing and implementing educational 
                programs for owners of agricultural land, including 
                determining best practices for--
                            (i) informing residents about the potential 
                        of being near or on a site on which sludge or 
                        septage application was licensed or permitted 
                        by the eligible government or the Federal 
                        Government; and
                            (ii) providing information and guidance on 
                        buying or selling agricultural land on which 
                        sludge or septage was applied.
                    (K) Long-term monitoring of agricultural land 
                contaminated by PFAS and establishing a corresponding 
                centralized data repository.
                    (L) Assisting owners and operators of commercial 
                farms not directly affected by PFAS contamination with 
                marketing efforts whose branding and marketing may be 
                affected by the public perception of PFAS contamination 
                in the territory of the eligible government.
                    (M) Voluntary testing of farm products, 
                agricultural land, or other locations that are 
                suspected to be contaminated with PFAS.
            (2) Priority.--
                    (A) In general.--In using funding received under 
                the program, an eligible government shall prioritize 
                purposes that directly assist producers who are 
                experiencing financial losses due to agricultural PFAS 
                contamination.
                    (B) Department of agriculture priority.--In 
                providing grants under the program, the Secretary shall 
                prioritize the provision of grants to eligible 
                governments that will use the grant funds for the 
                purposes described in subparagraphs (C) through (E) of 
                paragraph (1).
    (g) Reports.--Each year of the period of a grant received under the 
program, the department of agriculture or similar agency of an eligible 
government shall submit to the Secretary and Congress a report 
describing--
            (1) the uses of the grant during the previous year, 
        including--
                    (A) the purposes described in subsection (f)(1) for 
                which the grant was used;
                    (B) the amount of the grant allocated to each 
                purpose described in subsection (f)(1); and
                    (C) the extent to which the funding received under 
                the program, including funding priorities and 
                oversight, was administered in accordance with the plan 
                described in subsection (d)(2);
            (2) any additional needs identified by agricultural 
        producers in the territory of the eligible government; and
            (3) any additional information the Secretary determines to 
        be appropriate.
    (h) Funding.--
            (1) Mandatory funding.--Out of amounts in the Treasury not 
        otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary 
        to carry out this section $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to 
        remain available until expended.
            (2) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition to 
        amounts otherwise available, there is authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section 
        $500,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

SEC. 12515. IMPROVEMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES DROUGHT MONITOR.

    Section 12512 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 
5856) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``this Act'' and inserting ``the Rural 
        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(2), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Drought Monitor Interagency Working Group.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 
        2024, the Secretary shall establish an interagency working 
        group (referred to in this subsection as the `working group') 
        to improve the availability of consistent, accurate, and 
        reliable data for use in producing the United States Drought 
        Monitor in accordance with this section.
            ``(2) Membership.--The working group shall consist of not 
        fewer than--
                    ``(A) 4 representatives from the Department of 
                Agriculture, including 1 representative from each of--
                            ``(i) the Office of the Chief Economist, 
                        who shall serve as the Chair of the working 
                        group;
                            ``(ii) the Forest Service;
                            ``(iii) the Farm Production and 
                        Conservation mission area; and
                            ``(iv) the Office of the Chief Scientist;
                    ``(B) 4 representatives from the National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration, including 1 
                representative from each of--
                            ``(i) the Climate Prediction Center;
                            ``(ii) the National Centers for 
                        Environmental Information;
                            ``(iii) the National Integrated Drought 
                        Information System; and
                            ``(iv) the National Mesonet Program;
                    ``(C) 1 representative from the National Drought 
                Mitigation Center;
                    ``(D) 1 representative from the Department of the 
                Interior; and
                    ``(E) 3 representatives from mesonet programs in 
                regions--
                            ``(i) that have experienced severe drought, 
                        as determined by the United States Drought 
                        Monitor, in not less than 5 calendar years 
                        during the period of calendar years 2012 
                        through 2021; and
                            ``(ii) more than 50 percent of the land 
                        area of which is designated by the Economic 
                        Research Service as a Level 1 frontier and 
                        remote area.
            ``(3) Duties.--The working group shall--
                    ``(A) develop a means for the inclusion of 
                additional in-situ data into the process of developing 
                the United States Drought Monitor, including--
                            ``(i) determining minimum requirements for 
                        data to be included in the United States 
                        Drought Monitor;
                            ``(ii) identifying data available from 
                        other government agencies, including through 
                        portals managed by the National Oceanic and 
                        Atmospheric Administration; and
                            ``(iii) identifying gaps in coverage and 
                        determining solutions to address those gaps;
                    ``(B) identify and address potential barriers to 
                the use of existing data, including--
                            ``(i) identifying Federal datasets that 
                        would be of immediate use in developing the 
                        United States Drought Monitor where access is 
                        restricted to some or all authors of the United 
                        States Drought Monitor; and
                            ``(ii) developing proposed accommodations, 
                        modifications to contractual agreements, or 
                        updates to interagency memoranda of 
                        understanding to allow for incorporation of 
                        datasets identified under clause (i);
                    ``(C) develop an open and transparent methodology 
                for vetting data products developed using remote 
                sensing or modeling;
                    ``(D) if determined appropriate by the working 
                group, develop a methodology for inclusion of data that 
                may otherwise be excluded from the United States 
                Drought Monitor due to shorter periods of record; and
                    ``(E) identify and address any other issues 
                relating to data availability and quality, as 
                determined appropriate by the Chair of the working 
                group.
            ``(4) Report.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food 
                Security Act of 2024, the working group shall submit to 
                the Secretary, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary 
                of the Interior, and the relevant committees of 
                Congress a report containing recommendations for 
                changes in policies, regulations, guidance documents, 
                or existing law to meet the objectives described in 
                paragraph (3).
                    ``(B) Definition of relevant committees of 
                congress.--In this paragraph, the term `relevant 
                committees of Congress' means--
                            ``(i) the Committee on Agriculture, 
                        Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate;
                            ``(ii) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
                        and Transportation of the Senate;
                            ``(iii) the Committee on Agriculture of the 
                        House of Representatives; and
                            ``(iv) the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                        Technology of the House of Representatives.
            ``(5) Action by the secretary.--Not later than 180 days 
        after the date of submission of the report under paragraph (4), 
        the Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce 
        and the Secretary of the Interior, shall incorporate, to the 
        extent practicable, the recommendations of the working group to 
        improve the United States Drought Monitor in accordance with 
        this section.
            ``(6) Termination.--The working group shall terminate on 
        the date that is 90 days after the date on which the report is 
        submitted under paragraph (4).''.

SEC. 12516. PROGRAM DATA PROTECTION AND ACCESS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Data asset.--The term ``data asset'' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 3502 of title 44, United States Code.
            (2) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the 
        Department of Agriculture.
            (3) Designated statistical agency.--The term ``designated 
        statistical agency'' means the statistical agency or unit 
        designated by the Secretary under subsection (c)(3).
            (4) Evaluation.--The term ``evaluation'' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 311 of title 5, United States Code.
            (5) Evidence.--The term ``evidence'' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 3561 of title 44, United States Code.
            (6) Restricted use data asset.--The term ``restricted use 
        data asset'' means a data asset in the comprehensive data 
        inventory developed by the Secretary under section 3511(a) of 
        title 44, United States Code, that has been determined by the 
        Secretary to meet the criteria described in paragraph 
        (2)(A)(iii)(I)(dd) of that section.
            (7) Technical assistance.--The term ``technical 
        assistance'' means information developed to implement or 
        administer a Department program, including information provided 
        to program participants, State, regional, or field office 
        staff, and external partners involved in implementing or 
        administering the program.
    (b) Identification of Data Assets and Priority Areas.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
        officers and entities described in paragraph (2), shall 
        identify data assets (including restricted use data assets) 
        that individuals or entities with proposals meeting the 
        requirements under the process described in subsection (d) may 
        use to build evidence to support policymaking, including 
        assessment of program outcomes and developing technical 
        assistance, as required under section 312 of title 5, United 
        States Code, in the priority areas described in paragraph (3).
            (2) Consultation.--The officers and entities with which the 
        Secretary shall consult under paragraph (1) are--
                    (A) the Under Secretary for Farm Production and 
                Conservation;
                    (B) the Under Secretary for Rural Development;
                    (C) the Under Secretary for Research, Education, 
                and Economics;
                    (D) the Under Secretary for Marketing and 
                Regulatory Programs;
                    (E) the Under Secretary for Natural Resources and 
                Environment;
                    (F) the designated Chief Data Officer of the 
                Department;
                    (G) the designated Evaluation Officer of the 
                Department;
                    (H) the heads of other agencies or offices of the 
                Department, as determined by the Secretary; and
                    (I) stakeholders outside of the Department.
            (3) Priority areas.--The priority areas referred to in 
        paragraph (1) are the following:
                    (A) Farm profitability.
                    (B) Farm solvency.
                    (C) Conservation practice outcomes.
                    (D) Yield and income variability and risk.
                    (E) Climate resilience.
                    (F) Rural well-being.
                    (G) Any other areas identified by the Secretary.
            (4) Inclusions.--The data assets identified under paragraph 
        (1) shall include information relating to--
                    (A) crop yields;
                    (B) production practices;
                    (C) conservation practices;
                    (D) rural development investments;
                    (E) Department program participation, election, and 
                enrollment, including demographic data such as race, 
                ethnicity, and gender of program participants;
                    (F) Department program eligibility; and
                    (G) other information, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
    (c) Data Asset Transfer and Linking.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                    (A) transfer data assets identified under 
                subsection (b)(1) to the designated statistical agency; 
                and
                    (B) to the maximum extent practicable, develop 
                common approaches for linking data assets identified 
                under subsection (b)(1).
            (2) Frequency.--The Secretary shall--
                    (A) take the actions described in paragraph (1) not 
                later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the 
                Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024; and
                    (B) establish a regular process to identify, 
                transfer, link, and update additional data assets 
                (including restricted use data assets) necessary to 
                develop evidence to support policymaking.
            (3) Designation of statistical agency.--The Secretary shall 
        designate the statistical agency or unit (as defined in section 
        3561 of title 44, United States Code) responsible for carrying 
        out this section.
    (d) Standard Application Process.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the head of 
        the designated statistical agency, shall make data assets 
        identified under subsection (b)(1) available for research 
        proposals through the standard application process established 
        under section 3583 of title 44, United States Code.
            (2) Agency terms.--For purposes of this subsection, the 
        Secretary may incorporate any terms developed by the agencies 
        and offices within the Department responsible for the 
        collection of data in the data asset.
            (3) Criteria.--For purposes of section 3583(a)(3) of title 
        44, United States Code, the criteria established by the 
        Secretary shall include measures to ensure that a research 
        proposal described in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) would have statistical results that pose no 
                risk of unauthorized disclosure of protected data;
                    (B) is feasible given the features of the data 
                asset; and
                    (C) would be consistent with the purposes for which 
                the data were collected, including for developing 
                evidence that can be used for technical assistance and 
                assessment of program outcomes.
    (e) Secure Data Access and Disclosure Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish--
                    (A) a method to provide secure access to data 
                assets to researchers with approved research proposals; 
                and
                    (B) a method to provide disclosure review of 
                research resulting from each proposal for which access 
                is provided under subparagraph (A) prior to public 
                release to ensure that no information that is otherwise 
                protected from disclosure by law is disclosed.
            (2) Means of secure access.--The Secretary may provide 
        secure access to data assets under paragraph (1) through the 
        use of a secure data center, data enclave, or another 
        arrangement that complies with all applicable data privacy 
        laws.
            (3) Funding.--
                    (A) Mandatory funding.--Out of amounts in the 
                Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is 
                appropriated to the Secretary to establish and maintain 
                the methods described in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
                        2025 and 2026, to remain available until 
                        expended; and
                            (ii) $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2027 and 
                        each fiscal year thereafter, to remain 
                        available until expended.
                    (B) Authorization of appropriations.--In addition 
                to amounts otherwise available to carry out this 
                section, there are authorized to be appropriated to 
                establish and maintain the methods described in 
                paragraph (1)--
                            (i) $4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
                        2025 and 2026; and
                            (ii) $2,500,000 for each fiscal year 
                        thereafter.
                    (C) Access fee.--
                            (i) In general.--The Secretary may charge 
                        individuals and entities a fee for each 
                        approved research proposal for secure access to 
                        data assets under this subsection.
                            (ii) Limitation.--The amount of a fee 
                        charged under clause (i) shall not exceed the 
                        cost of providing the secure access to the 
                        applicable individual or entity for the 
                        approved research proposal.
                            (iii) Use of fees.--The fees collected 
                        under clause (i) shall remain available to the 
                        Secretary, without further appropriation, until 
                        expended to establish and maintain the methods 
                        described in paragraph (1).
    (f) Research Review and Process.--For each proposal approved for 
research under subsection (d), the Secretary shall--
            (1) provide public access to primary research results 
        through journal open access fees or other methods; and
            (2) retain archived methods, code, documentation, and data 
        to allow for research replication and review for a period of at 
        least 10 years.
    (g) Effect on Other Laws.--
            (1) Program evaluation.--Nothing in this section shall 
        affect or modify the authority of the Secretary to conduct 
        program evaluation studies under section 1471 of the National 
        Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 
        1977 (7 U.S.C. 3317) through means not authorized by this 
        section.
            (2) Existing authorization.--Nothing in this section shall 
        affect or modify the authority of the Secretary to make 
        authorized disclosures under section 1619(b)(3) of the Food, 
        Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8791(b)(3)).

SEC. 12517. MEASUREMENT, MONITORING, REPORTING, AND VERIFICATION OF 
              GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION.

    (a) Standard Soil Carbon Measurement Methodology.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a 
        standardized methodology to directly measure soil carbon for 
        research and conservation purposes.
            (2) Review.--In developing the methodology under paragraph 
        (1), the Secretary shall conduct a review of widely used 
        existing methodologies for direct soil carbon measurement.
            (3) Consultation.--In developing the methodology under 
        paragraph (1) and conducting the review under paragraph (2), 
        the Secretary shall consult with--
                    (A) agricultural producers and forest landowners, 
                including historically underserved farmers, ranchers, 
                and foresters;
                    (B) soil carbon experts;
                    (C) nonprofit organizations;
                    (D) academic researchers; and
                    (E) other stakeholders who reflect the operational, 
                geographic, and socioeconomic diversity of United 
                States agricultural operations.
            (4) Considerations.--In developing the methodology under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider factors such as--
                    (A) usability at any location at which soil carbon 
                can be directly measured;
                    (B) calibration differences in soil analysis 
                between testing facilities; and
                    (C) differences in uncertainty between different 
                measurement tools.
            (5) Updates.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall update the 
                methodology developed under paragraph (1) as needed to 
                reflect the best-available data science.
                    (B) Interoperability.--In making any updates under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall ensure that data 
                remains interoperable with previously collected 
                measurements.
            (6) Authorization of appropriations.--
                    (A) In general.--There is authorized to be 
                appropriated to carry out this subsection $10,000,000.
                    (B) Set-aside.--Of the amount appropriated under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall use not less than 
                30 percent to provide culturally appropriate technical 
                assistance and guidance to historically underserved 
                farmers, ranchers, and foresters.
    (b) Soil Carbon Inventory and Analysis Network.--Chapter 5 of 
subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 is amended by 
inserting after section 1240M (16 U.S.C. 3839bb) the following:

``SEC. 1240N. SOIL CARBON INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS NETWORK.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Conservation activities.--The term `conservation 
        activities' has the meaning given the term in section 1240I.
            ``(2) Eligible land.--The term `eligible land' means public 
        and private cropland, rangeland, pastureland, forestland, and 
        wetlands in the United States.
            ``(3) Program.--The term `program' means the program 
        established under subsection (b)(1).
            ``(4) Regional resource area.--The term `regional resource 
        area' means a contiguous area of eligible land that has similar 
        resource characteristics.
            ``(5) Resource characteristics.--The term `resource 
        characteristics' means--
                    ``(A) geographic, climate, natural resource, and 
                soil type characteristics; and
                    ``(B) any other characteristics that the Secretary 
                determines to be appropriate for the purpose of 
                carrying out the program.
            ``(6) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary, 
        acting jointly through the Chief of the Natural Resources 
        Conservation Service, the Administrator of the Agricultural 
        Research Service, and the Chief of the Forest Service.
    ``(b) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program 
        to inventory, monitor, and analyze soil carbon changes on 
        eligible land in the United States.
            ``(2) Purposes.--The purposes of the program are--
                    ``(A) to analyze soil properties, including soil 
                organic carbon, across space, time, and depth; and
                    ``(B) to analyze the impacts of land management 
                strategies, including conservation activities, on soil 
                carbon sequestration.
            ``(3) Consultation.--In carrying out the program, the 
        Secretary shall consult with the Director of the National 
        Institute of Food and Agriculture, the Chief of the Forest 
        Service, the Chief Data Officer, the Administrator of the 
        Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, and 
        the head of any other department or agency that the Secretary 
        determines to be appropriate.
    ``(c) Sampling.--
            ``(1) Sample sites.--The Secretary shall select sample 
        sites under the program by taking into consideration--
                    ``(A) the accessibility of sites;
                    ``(B) the ease of collecting reported measurements 
                over time; and
                    ``(C) such other factors as the Secretary 
                determines to be appropriate.
            ``(2) Preference.--In selecting sample sites under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall give preference to sites 
        that have been used for soil testing previously.
            ``(3) Number of sample sites.--The Secretary shall select 
        sufficient sample sites under paragraph (1) to analyze changes 
        in soil carbon across regional resource areas, as determined by 
        the Secretary, over time, taking into account the geographical 
        size and heterogeneity of each regional resource area.
    ``(d) Inventory.--
            ``(1) In general.--Every 5 years, the Secretary shall 
        prepare an inventory of soil carbon stocks on eligible land, 
        under which the Secretary shall collect measurements at each 
        sample site selected under subsection (c).
            ``(2) Methodology.--The Secretary shall ensure that the 
        methodology developed under section 12517(a) of the Rural 
        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 is used for purposes 
        of conducting measurements at each sample site under the 
        program.
            ``(3) Minimum number of samples.--The Secretary shall 
        measure a sufficient number of samples to analyze changes in 
        soil carbon at each sample site selected under subsection (c) 
        for each inventory under paragraph (1).
            ``(4) Characteristics.--In preparing each inventory under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall document the following 
        characteristics for each sample site selected under subsection 
        (c):
                    ``(A) Soil type and texture.
                    ``(B) Land use history, including conservation 
                activities.
                    ``(C) Environmental characteristics, such as 
                temperature and precipitation.
                    ``(D) Land management practices implemented on 
                eligible land, including conservation activities.
                    ``(E) Other characteristics, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
    ``(e) Reports.--On completion of each inventory under subsection 
(d)(1), the Secretary shall prepare, publish, and make available to the 
public a report that--
            ``(1) contains a description of soil carbon trends, 
        including by incorporating measurements conducted under 
        subsection (d) during the 5 years covered by the report;
            ``(2) contains an analysis of the impact of different land 
        management practices, including implementing 1 or more 
        conservation activities, on soil carbon levels;
            ``(3) contains an analysis of the effect of weather and 
        climate variability on the observed trends;
            ``(4) contains an analysis of how land management 
        practices, including conservation activities, that influence 
        soil carbon sequestration may affect the rate of emissions of 
        other greenhouse gases in the agricultural sector, including 
        methane and nitrous oxide; and
            ``(5) establishes a benchmark for the baseline soil carbon 
        absent additional conservation activities.
    ``(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $40,000,000.''.
    (c) Predictive Models.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the 
        Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the Environmental 
        Protection Agency, and the head of any other Federal agency 
        that the Secretary determines to be appropriate, shall partner 
        with nongovernmental experts and researchers to develop and 
        maintain a modeling tool (or combination of tools), as 
        determined to be appropriate by the Secretary, that shall 
        predict the impacts of different land management practices, 
        including implementing conservation activities, on greenhouse 
        gas emissions and soil carbon sequestration across the United 
        States.
            (2) Requirements.--The tool described in paragraph (1) 
        shall--
                    (A) be anchored in direct measurements of land, 
                including soil sampling;
                    (B) account for differences that could impact land 
                management outcomes, including--
                            (i) soil type;
                            (ii) type of land use;
                            (iii) type of crop;
                            (iv) species, maturity, and diversity of 
                        tree stands;
                            (v) geography and local climate;
                            (vi) geographic size of the land-use 
                        operation;
                            (vii) ongoing or existing conservation 
                        activities; and
                            (viii) such other items as the Secretary 
                        determines to be appropriate;
                    (C) allow a user of the tool to estimate the 
                changes in greenhouse gas emissions or soil carbon 
                sequestration, and the uncertainty of those estimated 
                changes, that occur as a result of implementing 1 or 
                more conservation activities; and
                    (D) be user-friendly and accessible--
                            (i) to producers and researchers; and
                            (ii) in multiple languages.

SEC. 12518. REPORT ON PERSONNEL.

    Section 12506 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public 
Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 4989) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 12519. CONVERSION AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary may, notwithstanding subchapter I of 
chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in 
the competitive or excepted service, noncompetitively convert to an 
appointment in the competitive service, in an agency or office within 
the Department of Agriculture, an individual who is--
            (1) a recent graduate or student who has successfully 
        completed the requirements of a program of the Department of 
        Agriculture through which that individual has completed 480 
        hours of work, not less than 240 hours of which shall be under 
        the supervision of the Department of Agriculture;
            (2) a participant of the research associate post-doctoral 
        scientists program described in the notice of the Office of 
        Personnel Management entitled ``Excepted Service; Consolidated 
        Listing of Schedules A, B, and C Exceptions'' (77 Fed. Reg. 
        19366 (March 30, 2012)) under Schedule B, Department of 
        Agriculture (Sch. B, 213.3213(b)(1));
            (3) a participant in an internship program administered by 
        an eligible third party (as determined by the Secretary) or a 
        Federal agency, through which that individual has completed 480 
        hours of work, not less than 240 hours of which shall be under 
        the supervision of the Department of Agriculture; or
            (4) a worker referenced in the notice of the Office of 
        Personnel Management entitled ``Excepted Service; Consolidated 
        Listing of Schedules A, B, and C Exceptions'' (77 Fed. Reg. 
        19366 (March 30, 2012)) under Schedule A, Department of 
        Agriculture (Sch. A, 213.3113(a)(5)).
    (b) Requirements.--An individual may be converted under subsection 
(a) only if the individual is a United States citizen, meets the 
requirements for that conversion, and meets Office of Personnel 
Management qualification standards, as determined by the Secretary.
    (c) Limitations.--
            (1) Effect.--Nothing in subsection (a) requires the 
        Secretary to convert an individual under that subsection.
            (2) Deadline.--The Secretary shall not convert an 
        individual under subsection (a) more than 2 years after the 
        date of completion of the event that makes the individual 
        eligible for the conversion.

SEC. 12520. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION 
              AUTHORITIES.

    (a) Recruitment and Retention Authorities for Veterinarians.--
            (1) Student loan repayments.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary may repay a student 
                loan for employees in positions in the veterinary 
                medical science 0701 occupational series at the 
                Department of Agriculture pursuant to section 5379(b) 
                of title 5, United States Code, except that paragraph 
                (2) of that section shall not apply to such repayment.
                    (B) Terms and conditions.--Repayment of a student 
                loan under subparagraph (A) shall be made subject to 
                such terms, limitations, or conditions as are mutually 
                agreed to by the Secretary and the employee concerned.
                    (C) Maximum amount.--The Secretary may not repay a 
                student loan under subparagraph (A) in an amount that 
                exceeds--
                            (i) $30,000 for any employee in any 
                        calendar year; or
                            (ii) a total of $150,000 for any employee.
            (2) Special pay authority.--The Secretary may establish a 
        rate for special pay for positions in the veterinary medical 
        science 0701 occupational series at the Department of 
        Agriculture pursuant to section 5305(a)(1) of title 5, United 
        States Code, except that, in that section--
                    (A) ``50 percent'' shall be substituted for ``30 
                percent''; and
                    (B) ``level II of the Executive Schedule'' shall be 
                substituted for ``level IV of the Executive Schedule''.
    (b) Special Pay Authority for FSA Loan Officers.--The Secretary may 
establish a rate for special pay for positions in the 1101 and 1165 
occupational series relating to lending at the Farm Service Agency 
pursuant to section 5305(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, except 
that, in that section, ``50 percent'' shall be substituted for ``30 
percent''.
    (c) Special Pay Authority for Certain NRCS Positions.--The 
Secretary may establish a rate for special pay for positions in the 
civil engineering 0810 occupational series, the engineering technical 
0802 occupational series, the soil conservation 0457 occupational 
series, and the soil conservation technician 0458 occupational series 
at the Natural Resources Conservation Service pursuant to section 
5305(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, except that, in that 
section, ``50 percent'' shall be substituted for ``30 percent''.
    (d) Termination.--The authorities under subsections (a) through (c) 
shall terminate on September 30, 2029.

SEC. 12521. AUTHORIZATION OF PROTECTION OPERATIONS FOR THE SECRETARY OF 
              AGRICULTURE AND OTHERS.

    Section 12520(d) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 
U.S.C. 2279k(d)) is amended by striking ``2024'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 12522. COMMISSION ON FARM TRANSITIONS.

    Section 12609 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public 
Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 5009) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and 
                Recommendations'' after ``Study'';
                    (B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                inserting ``, and make recommendations relating to,'' 
                after ``study on'';
                    (C) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``and 
                        timely'' after ``affordable''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``programs'' and inserting ``programs, business 
                        training, and technical assistance'';
                    (D) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``Federal tax policies'' and 
                        inserting ``State and Federal policies, 
                        including tax policies''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``or 
                        impede'' after ``facilitate'';
                    (E) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (F) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (G) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) any unique barriers faced by historically underserved 
        farmers and ranchers in the ability to transfer, inherit, or 
        purchase agricultural assets, including land;
            ``(7) leasing and ownership trends, including leasing and 
        ownership trends by foreign persons or entities; and
            ``(8) consolidation of farm and ranch operations.'';
            (2) in subsection (f), by striking ``Not later than 1 year 
        after the date of enactment of this Act'' and inserting ``Not 
        later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Rural 
        Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024''; and
            (3) in subsection (m), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 12523. NOTIFICATIONS AND REPORTS FROM USDA.

    (a) Commodity Credit Corporation Notification.--The Secretary shall 
notify the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives 
in writing at least 15 days prior to--
            (1) any announcement on--
                    (A) the use of funds from the Commodity Credit 
                Corporation; or
                    (B) the commitment of any emergency funds from the 
                Commodity Credit Corporation; or
            (2) the obligation or commitment of any emergency funds 
        from the Commodity Credit Corporation, including, if that 
        obligation or commitment exceeds $100,000,000--
                    (A) a detailed spend plan describing anticipated 
                uses of those funds; and
                    (B) an expected timeline for program execution.
    (b) USDA Notifications and Reports in Annual Appropriations Acts.--
With respect to each report or notification required by an annual 
appropriations Act to be submitted to both the Committee on 
Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives, the Secretary shall submit that report or 
notification to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 
of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives at the same time the Secretary submits that report or 
notification to the Committees on Appropriations.

SEC. 12524. STANDARDS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE.

    (a) Interconnectivity Standards for Precision Agriculture.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the 
        Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
        shall--
                    (A) develop voluntary, consensus-based, private 
                sector-led interconnectivity standards, guidelines, and 
                best practices for precision agriculture that will 
                promote economies of scale and ease the burden of the 
                adoption of precision agriculture; and
                    (B) in carrying out subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) coordinate with relevant public and 
                        trusted private sector stakeholders and other 
                        relevant industry organizations, including 
                        voluntary consensus standards development 
                        organizations; and
                            (ii) consult with sector-specific agencies, 
                        other appropriate agencies, and State and local 
                        governments.
            (2) Considerations.--The Secretary, in carrying out 
        paragraph (1), shall, in consultation with the Federal 
        Communications Commission and the Director of the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology, consider--
                    (A) the evolving demands of precision agriculture;
                    (B) the connectivity needs of precision agriculture 
                equipment;
                    (C) the cybersecurity challenges facing precision 
                agriculture, including cybersecurity threats for 
                agriculture producers and agriculture supply chains;
                    (D) the impact of advanced wireless communications 
                technology on precision agriculture; and
                    (E) the impact of artificial intelligence on 
                precision agriculture.
    (b) GAO Assessment of Precision Agriculture Standards.--
            (1) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the Secretary 
        develops standards under subsection (a), and every 2 years 
        thereafter for the following 8 years, the Comptroller General 
        of the United States shall conduct a study that assesses those 
        standards, including the extent to which those standards, as 
        applicable--
                    (A) are voluntary;
                    (B) were developed in coordination with relevant 
                industry organizations, including voluntary consensus 
                standards development organizations; and
                    (C) have successfully encouraged the adoption of 
                precision agriculture.
            (2) Report.--The Comptroller General of the United States 
        shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
        Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
        Technology and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
        Representatives a report that summarizes the findings of each 
        study conducted under paragraph (1).

SEC. 12525. PIMA AGRICULTURE COTTON TRUST FUND.

    Section 12314 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 2101 note; 
Public Law 113-79) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``2024'' and inserting ``2029''; and
            (2) in subsection (h), by striking ``2024'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 12526. AGRICULTURE WOOL APPAREL MANUFACTURERS TRUST FUND.

    Section 12315 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 7101 note; 
Public Law 113-79) is amended by striking ``2024'' each place it 
appears and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 12527. WOOL RESEARCH AND PROMOTION.

    Section 12316(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 7101 
note; Public Law 113-79) is amended by striking ``2024'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 12528. EMERGENCY CITRUS DISEASE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TRUST 
              FUND.

    Section 12605(d) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 
U.S.C. 7632 note; Public Law 115-334) is amended by striking ``2024'' 
and inserting ``2029''.
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