MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-09-00823-CR

Michael Jason BALDERAZ,

Appellant

v.

The STATE of Texas,

Appellee

From the County Court at Law No 12, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 218116

Honorable Michael E. Mery, Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Karen Angelini, Justice

Sitting: Karen Angelini, Justice

Sandee Bryan Marion, Justice

Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice

Delivered and Filed: September 29, 2010

ORDER AFFIRMED

Michael Jason Balderaz seeks to appeal his conviction for the offense of driving while 

intoxicated. As a preliminary matter, Balderaz challenges the trial court’s order denying his 

request for court-appointed appellate counsel and a free record on appeal. We affirm the trial 

court’s order.
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BACKGROUND

The limited record before us shows that, following his trial and conviction, Balderaz filed 

a document in the trial court entitled “Pauper’s Oath for Appeal.” In this document, Balderaz 

claimed he was indigent and had no money to hire an attorney to represent him on appeal or to 

pay for the record on appeal. On February 10, 2010, the trial court held an evidentiary hearing on 

Balderaz’s assertion of indigency, and found the statements in his pauper’s oath were untrue.

The only witness to testify at the hearing was Balderaz. Balderaz testified he was 

currently employed by J.W. Marriott performing maintenance duties. New to this job, Balderaz 

was still on probationary status. Balderaz’s salary was $16.17 per hour and he worked a 

minimum of forty hours per week. Thus, Balderaz’s annual base salary was $33,633.60. In 

addition, Balderaz sometimes had the opportunity to work up to ten hours of overtime per week 

at the rate of $24.26 per hour. Balderaz lived with his wife, his seven-year-old step-son, and his 

two-year-old daughter. Balderaz’s wife did not work outside of the home. Balderaz and his wife 

owned two cars, but they did not own a house. The couple had between three hundred-fifty and 

four hundred dollars in the bank. Balderaz also owned a motorcycle.

Balderaz’s monthly expenses included $895.00 for rent, $180.00 for electricity, $70.00 

for water utilities, $355.00 for a car loan payment, $220.00 for gasoline, and between $125.00 

and $175.00 for cell phone service. His family also spent about $540.00 per month on groceries. 

Balderaz’s debts included $6,000.00 in school loans and $3,000 in credit card debt. Balderaz did 

not say if he was making monthly payments on either of these debts. In addition, Balderaz said 

he had unpaid medical bills for his family, but did not specify the amount of this debt or whether 

he was making payments on this debt. Balderaz testified his motorcycle was not in working 

order, but if he repaired it and made it operable, it would probably be worth about $8,500.00. 
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Balderaz further testified that he had obtained a loan to purchase his motorcycle, and the 

outstanding balance on the loan was about $16,000.00. Balderaz also said there was a balance 

owed on his wife’s wedding ring, which they had purchased on a payment plan. Balderaz 

characterized this purchase as something “I couldn’t afford” and “a bad financial decision.” 

Balderaz further testified that he had paid a total of $10,000.00 in attorney’s fees to his 

trial counsel in this case. Half of the attorney’s fees were paid from a $5,000.00 loan he obtained 

from his parents; the other half was paid by Balderaz himself over a period of several years. 

Although Balderaz’s parents were not requiring him to pay the loan back immediately, they were 

unwilling to loan him additional funds for this appeal.

Evidence of the actual costs of hiring appellate counsel and of obtaining the record was 

not presented. Instead, Balderaz stated that he was aware that appellate counsel might cost more 

than $7,500.00 and the record might cost more than $2,000.00. Balderaz then stated he was not 

capable of paying either of these amounts.

After hearing all the evidence, the trial judge stated “[a]ccording to the 2009 Poverty 

[G]uidelines, the testimony the Court has received does not justify a finding of indigency at this 

time.”1

APPLICABLE LAW

The trial judge then signed an order denying Balderaz’s request for court-appointed 

appellate counsel and a free record on appeal. 

Recently, in McFatridge v. State, the Court of Criminal Appeals articulated the standard 

of review for indigency determinations made by the trial court:

A defendant is indigent for purposes of the appointment of appellate 

counsel if he is not financially able to employ counsel. For purposes of qualifying 

 1

The 2009 federal poverty guideline for a family of four was an annual income of $22,050.00. DEPARTMENT OF 

HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, ANNUAL UPDATE OF THE HHS POVERTY GUIDELINES, 74 Fed. Reg. 4199-4201 (Jan. 

23, 2009).
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as an indigent in order to receive a copy of the record furnished without charge, a 

defendant must be unable to pay or give security for the appellate record.

Indigency determinations are made at the time the issue is raised and are decided 

on a case-by-case basis. Determining indigency for purposes of appointing 

counsel and indigency for purposes of obtaining a free record are discrete 

inquiries, but the factors to be considered are the same. A defendant can be found 

indigent for one purpose without being found indigent for the other. Relevant to 

both indigency determinations are the defendant’s income, source of income, 

assets, property owned, outstanding obligations, necessary expenses, the number 

and ages of dependents, and spousal income that is available to the defendant.

Each county should have guidelines and financial standards that it applies to 

determine whether a defendant is indigent for purposes of appointing counsel.

This Court has adopted a two-step process to guide courts in making 

indigency determinations for purposes of a free record for appeal. First, the 

defendant must make a prima facie showing of indigency. Once the defendant 

satisfies this initial burden of production, the burden then shifts to the State to 

show that the defendant is not, in fact, indigent. This means, essentially, that 

unless there is some basis in the record to find the defendant’s prima facie 

showing to be inaccurate or untrue, the trial court should accept it as sufficient to 

find him indigent. After a defendant establishes a prima facie showing of 

indigency, an appellate court can uphold a trial court’s determination of nonindigence only if the record contains evidence supporting such a determination. In 

Whitehead,

2 we recognized that the two-step process outlined above also applies 

when determining whether a person is indigent for purposes of appointed counsel. 

A reviewing court should uphold a trial court’s ruling denying indigent status only 

if it finds that the trial court, having utilized this two-step process, reasonably

believed the defendant was not indigent.

309 S.W.3d 1, 5-6 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (internal citations and quotations omitted).

DISCUSSION 

Balderaz argues the trial judge abused his discretion in determining he was not indigent. 

According to Balderaz, his testimony shows he is incapable of paying for legal counsel and the 

record in this case. Balderaz urges that he met his burden to establish indigency, pointing out that 

the State offered no evidence to rebut his testimony. The State counters Balderaz failed to make 

a prima facie showing of indigency, and therefore, it was not required to submit any evidence to 

 2

Whitehead v. State, 130 S.W.3d 866, 874 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). 
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rebut Balderaz’s assertion of indigency. The State argues the trial judge’s non-indigency 

determination should be affirmed.

As the reviewing appellate court, it is not our role to determine whether Balderaz is 

indigent for purposes of appeal. See McFatridge, 309 S.W.3d at 9. Rather, our role is to 

determine if the evidence produced at the indigency hearing supports the trial judge’s nonindigency determination. See id. For purposes of a free record, an appellate court will uphold a 

trial court’s non-indigency finding if there is credible evidence in the record supporting such a 

finding. Id. For purposes of appointed appellate counsel, an appellate court will uphold that 

determination of non-indigency if the trial court reasonably believed, based on the record 

evidence, that the defendant was not indigent. Id. Moreover, as the reviewing appellate court, we 

may not consider facts that were not developed in the record. Id. at 6. 

According to Balderaz’s own testimony, he had about $2,435.00 in monthly expenses,

and earned, at a minimum, about $2,802.80 per month. Balderaz also had the potential to earn as 

much as $1,051.27 per month in overtime. Thus, the evidence showed Balderaz’s income 

exceeded his expenses by at least $367.80 per month, and possibly as much as $1,419.07 per 

month. Based on the record evidence, the trial court could have reasonably believed that 

Balderaz had funds that could be used to pay for appellate counsel and the record on appeal. The 

evidence also showed Balderaz had personal property. The trial court could have reasonably 

believed Balderaz had personal property that could be sold and the proceeds used to pay for 

appellate counsel and the record on appeal. Moreover, the evidence failed to show the actual 

costs of retaining appellate counsel and obtaining the record in this case. We conclude Balderaz 

failed to meet his prima facie burden of showing that he was unable to employ counsel or that he 

was unable to pay or give security for the record.
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We hold the record evidence supports the trial court’s determination of non-indigency. 

Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s order denying Balderaz’s request for court-appointed 

appellate counsel and a free record on appeal.

Karen Angelini, Justice

DO NOT PUBLISH.