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# Locomotives

Locomotive engines are significant contributors to air pollution in many of our nation's cities and ports. Although locomotive engines being produced today must meet relatively modest emission requirements set in 1997, they continue to emit large amounts of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter (PM), both o f which contribute to serious public health problems.

In May 2004, as part of the Clean Air Nonroad Diesel Rule , EPA finalized new requirements for nonroad diesel fuel that will decrease the allowable levels of sulfur in fuel used in locomotives by 99 percent. These fuel improvements will create immediate and significant environmental and public health benefits by reducing PM from existing engines.

In March 2008, EPA finalized a three part program t hat will dramatically reduce emissions from diesel locomotives of all types -- line-haul, switch, and passenger rail. The rule will cut PM emissions from these engines by as much as 90 pe rcent and NOx emissions by as much as 80 percent when fully implemented.

This final rule sets new emission standards for exi sting locomotives when they are remanufactured--to take effect as soon as certified systems are available, as early as 2008. The rule also sets Tier 3 emission standards for ne wly-built locomotives, provisions for clean switch locomotives, and idle reduction requirements for new and remanufactured locomotives. Finally, the rule establishes long-ter m, Tier 4, standards for newly-built engines based on the application of high-efficiency catalyt ic aftertreatment technology, beginning in 2015.

This page provides general and technical informatio n on the locomotive rulemakings that affect railroads, locomotive manufacturers, and rem anufacturers.

Regulations and Guidance 2008 Locomotive and Marine Diesel Engines Emission Standards 2005 Technical Amendments Idling Locomotives 1997 Rulemaking and Supporting Data Related Links



### Regulations and Guidance

See the electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e

- CFR) for the full text of current regulations that apply to locomotives. T he documents related to the rulemaking that established these pr ovisions are available below. NOTE: You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader, available as a free download, to view some of the files on this page. See EPA's PDF page 

## Nonroad Engines, Equipment, and Vehicles Last updated on Tuesday, December 1st, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/locomotives.htm#2008final 

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1/12/2010 http://www.epa.gov/otaq/locomotives.htmFinal Rule: Control of Emissions of Air Pollution from Locomotives and Marine Compression-Ignition Engines Less Than 30 Liters per Cylinder (published May 6, 2008 and republished June 30, 2008) Fact Sheets: EPA Finalizes More Stringent Emissions Standards for Locomotive Engines and Marine Compression

- Ignition Engines | PDF Version (5 pp, 144K, March 2008, EPA420-F-08-004) Emission Factors for Locomotives (PDF) (9 pp, 260K, April 2009, EPA420-F-09- 025) Final Rule (republished June 30, 2008) Pages 37095

- 37144 | PDF Version (50 pp, 1,063K) Pages 37145

- 37194 | PDF Version (50 pp, 1,246K) Pages 37195

- 37244 | PDF Version (50 pp, 917K) Pages 37245

- 37294 | PDF Version (50 pp, 1,253K) Pages 37295

- 37344 | PDF Version (50 pp, 1,260K) Pages 37345

- 37350 | PDF Version (6 pp, 157K) Final Rule (published May 6, 2008) Preamble and 40 CFR Parts 85

- 94 (Pages 25097

- 25146) | PDF Version (50 pp, 364K) Pages 25147

- 25196 | PDF Version (50 pp, 1,141K) Pages 25197

- 25246 | PDF Version (50 pp, 922K) Pages 25247

- 25296 | PDF Version (50 pp, 1,347K) Pages 25297

- 25346 | PDF Version (50 pp, 1,316K) Pages 25347

- 25352 | PDF Version (6 pp, 158K) Regulatory Impact Analysis (PDF) (739 pp, 10MB, May 2008, EPA420-R-08-001a) Summary and Analysis of Comments (PDF) (463 pp, 2.4MB, March 2008, EPA420-F08-006) Instead of downloading the entire document, you can access the individual chapters of the Summary and Analysis of Comments

. See the Proposed Rule (published April 3, 2007) and the Advance Notice o f Proposed Rulemaking (published June 29, 2004) for the rules, fact shee ts, and technical support documents.

Final 2005 Technical Amendments – Procedures for Te sting Highway and Nonroad Engines and Omnibus Technical Amendments (published July 13, 2005) Fact Sheet: Regulatory Announcement: Changed Test Procedures for Nonroad Engines and Heavy

- Duty Highway Engines | PDF Version (4 pp, 134K, EPA420-F-05- 036, July 2005) Final Rule (published July 13, 2005): Pages 40419

- 40468 | PDF Version (50 pp, 949K) Pages 40469

- 40518 | PDF Version (50 pp, 938K) Pages 40519

- 40568 | PDF Version (50 pp, 6.1MB) Pages 40569

- 40614 | PDF Version (50 pp, 1.81MB) Technical Support Document and Summary & Analysis of Comments (PDF) (115 pp, 1.7MB, EPA420-R-05-008, June 2005) See Proposed Technical Amendments for the proposed rule, fact sheet, and technical support documents (published September 10 , 2004).

Idling Locomotives Fact Sheet : Control of Emissions from Idling Locomotives | PDF Version (4 pp, 98K, March 2008, EPA420-F-08-014)

1997 Locomotive Emissions Final Rulemaking (published December 17, 1997) Read First (2K, TXT) Final Rule published April 16, 1998 (consists of th ree separate files) 574K PDF
, 466K PDF , 60K PDF and 317K TXT , 336K TXT , 55K TXT Docket Listing (PDF) (61K) Summary Analysis of Comments (WP5 ZIP file) (135K) Regulatory Support Document (PDF) (3.9MB) to learn more about PDF, and for a link to the free Acrobat Reader. 

### Page 2 of 3 Locomotives | Nonroad Engines, Equipment and Vehicl es | US EPA

1/12/2010 http://www.epa.gov/otaq/locomotives.htmRSD Appendices A&C

- P (PDF) (2.4MB) RSD Appendix B and data used in other appendices (WK3 file) (184K) Fact Sheets: Requirements for Railroads Regarding Locomotive Exhaust Emission Standards (PDF) (94K) Applicability of Locomotive Emission Standards (PDF) (78K) Final Emission Standards for Locomotives (PDF) (19K) Environmental Benefits of Emission Standards for Locomotives (PDF) (39K) Federal Preemption of State and Local Standards for Locomotives (PDF) (11K) Emission Factors for Locomotives (PDF) (31K) Also see newer version from 2008 rule. See the Proposed Rule (published January 31, 1997). Future Nonroad Emission Reduction Credits for Locomotives (January 1995) (TXT) (7K)



### Related Links:
Compliance Fees Certification Data Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation Clean Diesel Programs Nonroad Diesel Equipment Diesel Fuel Marine Remanufacture Program (See this Fact Sheet for information about certify ing a locomotive remanufacture kit for use with marine en gines.)

For more information, please email EPA's Assessment and Standards Division (asdinfo@epa.gov) or call the Assessment and Standa rds Division voicemail at 734-214- 4636. 

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1/12/2010 http://www.epa.gov/otaq/locomotives.htm