Filed 1/31/23 P. v. Zunzachan CA4/3

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

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or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. 

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION THREE

THE PEOPLE,

 Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

ROGER ALBERTO ZUNZACHAN,

 Defendant and Appellant.

 G061163

 (Super. Ct. No. 20CF1158)

 O P I N I O N

Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court of Orange County, Andre 

Manssourian, Judge. Affirmed.

Siri Shetty, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and 

Appellant.

Rob Bonta, Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Chief Assistant Attorney 

General, Charles C. Ragland, Assistant Attorney General, Christopher P. Beesley and 

Michael D. Butera, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

* * *
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Roger Alberto Zunzachan appeals from a life sentence following his 

conviction for, among others, aggravated mayhem. He contends the aggravated mayhem 

conviction must be reversed because there was insufficient evidence to support the jury’s 

implied finding he acted with the specific intent to cause a maiming injury. As discussed 

below, we conclude substantial evidence supported the jury’s finding because the 

evidence showed the attack was not an indiscriminate explosion of violence, but a 

targeted, controlled attack. Accordingly, we affirm.

I

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On the evening of March 31, 2020, Jose R. was driving with his three-yearold son in the backseat when he observed appellant’s truck weaving erratically through 

traffic. Because other vehicles began avoiding the truck, Jose ended up directly behind it. 

When the truck stopped at an intersection and did not move after the light changed to 

green, Jose honked his horn several times. The truck moved forward slowly before 

stopping in the middle of the intersection. Appellant then exited the truck and unsteadily 

approached Jose, holding a black folding knife in his left hand.

Jose attempted to roll up his car window, but appellant stuck his arm inside, 

causing the window to roll down. After cursing at Jose, appellant repeatedly slashed at 

his face. Jose described appellant’s actions as “throwing random knife hooks.” When 

Jose tried to grab the knife, appellant sliced his right hand. Jose also attempted to protect 

himself with his left hand, but suffered injuries to his triceps, forearm and wrist. Finally, 

Jose was able to force the car door open, causing appellant to fall. Appellant then fled 

the scene in his truck.

Appellant inflicted eight lacerations, including Jose’s right eyebrow, left 

cheek and across the top of his nose. The cuts caused Jose’s eyebrow to hang over his 

eye, and his cheek was sliced in two. Jose received multiple stitches for his arm and 
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facial lacerations. He also had surgery to reconstruct his right hand. The injuries resulted 

in permanent scarring to his face, and persistent pain and nerve damage to his hand.

In November 2021, a jury convicted appellant of aggravated mayhem (Pen. 

Code, § 245, subd. (a)(1)), assault with a deadly weapon (Pen. Code, § 205), reckless 

evasion of officers (Veh. Code, § 2800.2), and resisting arrest (Pen. Code, § 148). As to 

the aggravated mayhem count, the jury also found true a deadly weapon enhancement 

(Pen. Code, § 12022, subd. (b)(1)), and as to the assault count, it found true a great bodily 

injury enhancement (Pen. Code, § 12022.7, subd. (a)). The trial court sentenced 

appellant to an aggregate term of eight years to life for his crimes.

II

DISCUSSION

The jury convicted appellant of aggravated mayhem, which requires a 

finding that appellant harbored ‘“the specific intent to cause a maiming injury.”’ (People 

v. Manibusan (2013) 58 Cal.4th 40, 86 9) (Manibusan).) Appellant contends the 

evidence was insufficient to support the jury’s implied finding he had the requisite 

specific intent. “An appellate court called upon to review the sufficiency of the evidence 

supporting a judgment of conviction of a criminal offense must, after a review of the 

whole record, determine whether the evidence is such that a reasonable trier of fact could 

have found the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. [Citations.] The standard of 

appellate review is the same in cases in which the People rely primarily on circumstantial 

evidence. [Citation.] Although it is the duty of the jury to acquit a defendant if it finds 

that circumstantial evidence is susceptible of two interpretations, one of which suggests 

guilt and the other innocence [citations], it is the jury, not the appellate court which must 

be convinced of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. ‘“If the circumstances 

reasonably justify the trier of fact’s findings, the opinion of the reviewing court that the 

circumstances might also be reasonably reconciled with a contrary finding does not 
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warrant a reversal of the judgment.”’ [Citations.]” (People v. Bean (1988) 46 Cal.3d 919, 

932-933.)

“A jury may infer a defendant’s specific intent from the circumstances 

attending the act, the manner in which it is done, and the means used, among other 

factors.” (People v. Ferrell (1990) 218 Cal.App.3d 828, 834.) “Evidence which shows 

no more than an ‘indiscriminate attack’ is insufficient to prove the specific intent to 

commit mayhem.” (Id. at p. 835.) “Furthermore, specific intent to maim may not be 

inferred solely from evidence that the injury inflicted actually constitutes mayhem; 

instead, there must be other facts and circumstances which support an inference of intent 

to maim rather than to attack indiscriminately.” (Ibid.)

Here, appellant used a knife, which “is far more likely to inflict a maiming 

injury” than fists. (See People v. Park (2003) 112 Cal.App.4th 61, 71 (Park) 

[“defendant’s deliberate choice of a steel weapon in lieu of ‘fists-de-cuff’ is further 

evidence he had the specific intent to maim”].) He also swung the knife rather than just 

stabbed or jabbed with it. (See id. at p. 69 [“He attacked using the steel knife sharpener 

in a throwing motion by bringing the weapon from behind his head and over his shoulder. 

This action gave his blows more force and therefore gave him a greater ability to inflict 

serious injury than if he had simply held the sharpener in front of him and tried to jab or 

stab [the victim]”].) Finally, the attack was focused on Jose’s head. (See Manibusan, 

supra, 58 Cal.4th at p. 88 [concluding that attack on the head, “which is a particularly 

vulnerable part of the body,” “can support an inference of an intent to cause permanent 

disability or disfigurement”].) Except for defensive wounds to Jose’s arm and hand, all 

the knife wounds were to his face, including his eyebrow, left cheek and top of his nose. 

(See Park, supra, 112 Cal.App.4th at p. 69 [“defendant aimed at an extremely vulnerable 

portion of [the victim’s] body: his head. When [the victim] tried to defend himself by 

holding his arm in front of his face, defendant did not strike other portions of [the 

victim’s] body but instead first hit [the victim’s] arm several times to break through this 
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defense and then hit [him] in the mouth. Defendant’s limiting the scope of his attack to 

[the victim’s] head shows this was not an indiscriminate attack but instead was an attack 

guided by the specific intent of inflicting serious injury upon [the victim’s] head”].) In 

sum, the record supports the jury’s implied finding that appellant attacked Jose with the 

specific intent to cause a maiming injury. (See People v. Quintero (2006) 

135 Cal.App.4th 1152, 1163, disapproved on other grounds by People v. Poisson (2016) 

246 Cal.App.4th 121, 125 [concluding sufficient evidence supported jury’s implied 

finding of specific intent to maim where defendant “focused his initial attack on a 

particularly vulnerable portion of [the victim’s] body, his head, using deliberate uppercut 

motions to slash his face many times with a retractable bladed knife,” and the only other 

injuries were “caused by [the victim’s] attempts to protect and cover his face”].)

Appellant notes that Jose believed appellant might have been under the 

influence based on his unsteady approach to Jose’s car and that Jose testified the knife 

swings appeared “random.” “Random” attacks to different parts of the face, however, 

can support the finding of specific intent to maim because the attacks show a sufficient 

degree of targeting or control. The evidence here showed all of the knife wounds, except 

for the defensive wounds, were to the face. There was no evidence the knife attacks were 

directed at Jose’s shoulder or torso. Nor was there any evidence that the knife attacks hit 

the headrest or car seat, showing perhaps a lack of control. As for appellant’s possible 

intoxication, it would be speculative to infer he was intoxicated just because of an 

unsteady walk. For example, there was no evidence appellant slurred his speech or made 

nonsensical statements. More important, there is no evidence that any intoxication 

affected appellant’s actual formation of the specific intent to maim. In sum, substantial 

evidence supported the jury’s implied finding that appellant acted with the specific intent 

to cause a maiming injury when he attacked Jose with the knife.
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III

DISPOSITION

The judgment is affirmed.

___________________________

DELANEY, J.

WE CONCUR:

___________________________

MOORE, ACTING P.J.

___________________________

MOTOIKE, J.