In-Person Curriculum 

Standards and Review 

PROCESS GUIDE

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Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Background 1

Training guiding principles 1

Definitions 2

Development and Delivery of New In-Person Courses 4

I. Course Development and Trainer Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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Step 1. Course discussion 

Step 2. Create a course design document 

Step 3. Draft course 1

Step 4. Piloting the draft course 1

Step 5. Final course 1

II. Preparation for Course Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  

III. Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  

IV. Evaluation and Deliverable Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  

V. Yearly In-Person Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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VI. Course Certification 1

VII. Multiple Sponsorship 1

VIII. Post–COPS Office–Funded Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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Review and Delivery of Pre-Existing Courses 21

I. Course review 2

Step 1. Course discussion 2

Step 2. Course review 2

Step 3. Finalizing the draft course 2

Step 4. Piloting the draft course 2

Step 5. Final course 2
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II. Preparations for Course Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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III. Delivery 3

IV. Evaluation and deliverable reporting 3

V. Yearly In-Person Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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VI. Course Certification 3

VII. Multiple Sponsorship 3

VIII. Post–COPS Office–Funded Training 3

Appendix A. Sample Document Covers and Pages 3

Appendix B. Sample Slides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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Introduction

Background

The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office) is the component of the U.S. Depar

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ment of Justice that advances the practice of community policing in U.S. state, local, and tribal la

enforcement agencies. The COPS Office does its work principally by sharing information and making

awards to and for law enforcement agencies around the United States. The knowledge resources available

from the COPS Office provide essential information in the form of training, technical assistance, promising 

practices for law enforcement, and publications composed by subject matter experts within the federal 

government, academia, and law enforcement

The COPS Office In-Person Curriculum Standards, Review, and Approval Guide was established to provide 

guidance to COPS Office training providers and program managers on instructional design, course deliv

ery, and the process by which curriculum will be reviewed and approved by the COPS Office. To learn more abou

COPS Office training, visit the training tab on the COPS Office website: https://cops.usdoj.gov/traini

The goals of the In-Person Curriculum Standards and Review Process Guide are as follows:

• Establish a common process for the development of COPS Office training initiatives

• Manage quality control through a series of review and approval checkpoints before movement 

to the next development phase

• Establish a process for vetting COPS Office in-person training content, style, format, and quality 

in a manner comparable to other COPS Office products and services

• Establish clear outcome expectations of in-person training initiatives between program managers 

and awardees

• Maintain COPS Office training products and services by keeping them current, relevant, and 

applicable to the law enforcement field

• Prepare COPS Office training for accreditation through national law enforcement training 

accreditation programs

An example accreditation process can be found at https://www.iadlest.org/Home.a

An example accreditation evaluator form for online training accreditation can be found at 

https://www.iadlest.org/Portals/0/Files/Documents/2017%20v2%20In-Person%20Rubric.

Training guiding principles

Any training or training materials developed or delivered with award funding provided by the Office of 

Community Oriented Policing Services is to adhere to the following guiding principles:

1. Trainings must comply with applicable l

In developing and conducting training under the award, recipients (and any subrecipients) shall not 

violate the Constitution or any federal law, including any law prohibiting discrimination
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2. The content of trainings and training materials must be accurate, appropriately tailored, and focus

The content of training programs must be accurate, useful to those being trained, and well matched 

to the program’s stated objectives. Training materials used or distributed at trainings must be accurate,

relevant, and consistent with these guiding principles

3. Trainers must be well‐qualified in the subject area and skilled in presenting 

Trainers must possess the subject matter knowledge and the subject‐specific training experience 

necessary to meet the objectives of the training. In selecting or retaining a trainer, recipients (or sub

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recipients) should consider such factors as the trainer’s resume and written materials, interviews with 

the trainer, observation of other trainings conducted by the trainer, feedback from other entities with 

which the trainer has worked, training participant feedback and evaluations, and the general reputation 

of the trainer

4. Trainers must demonstrate the highest standards of professionali

Trainers must comport themselves with professionalism. While trainings will necessarily entail varying

teaching styles, techniques, and degrees of formality, as appropriate to the particular training goal, pro

fessionalism demands that trainers instruct in the manner that best communicates the subject matter 

while conveying respect for all

Definitions

Training

Training refers to the teaching and learning activities undertaken to help members of an organization 

acquire and apply the knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes needed by a particular job or organiza-

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tion. Training is driven by specific goals and objectives, but it is an ongoing process, requiring continuing

self-reflection and evaluation

• Learning outcomes and objectives. Objectives describe what learners should be able to know and 

do after training. Learning outcomes establish the criteria by which the training will be judged a su

cess. Training objectives and learning outcomes should be aligned with an employee’s position and

with the organization’s goals and mission

• Self-reflection and evaluation. Self-reflection should be a conscious process of critically analyzing 

the training material and testing understanding and retention; it is an internal check on the progress 

and outcomes of the training. Evaluation is the external check; it should consist of setting goals, in

accordance with the learning outcomes and objectives, and conducting pre- and post-testing and a 

final course evaluation to ensure those goals are met
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In-Person Training

In-person training refers to training that is instructor-led and where the participants and 

instructors are in a classroom setting together.

Training Materials

Guidebooks, webinars, articles, conference presentations, podcasts, videos, blogs, and newsfeeds (to 

provide a few examples) can serve as support material in trainings or as stand-alone material to increase 

knowledge, but on their own they cannot be defined as training

New and Pre-existing Training

• New development. Awards for new development are intended to fund the creation of new

in-person courses

• Pre-existing training. Awards for pre-existing training cover reviewing and potentially revising inperson training courses that already exist and bringing them into the COPS Office training initiativ

Training is a process—not an event
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Development and Delivery 

of New In-Person Courses

I . Course Development and Trainer Preparation 

The process of course development, from the course design document to the first course delivery, gener-

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ally takes between six and eight months. For a multiday train-the-trainer, it may take as long as a year. Eac

course is unique, however, so the actual development time may be longer or shorter than the estimate

One of your first steps in the course development process should be to work with your COPS Office pro

gram manager and develop a robust course development timeline

To ensure all requirements are met, arrange a time to talk with your COPS Office program manager on a 

monthly basis. Remember, your COPS Office program manager is here to help: Do not hesitate to reach

out via email or phone

All COPS Office training providers are required to submit, at a minimum, the following course materials, 

in sequential order, to their COPS Office program manager:

1. Course design documen

2. Draft course and accompanying documen

3. Trainers’ names and résumés/curricula vit

4. Final course and accompanying documen

Your COPS Office program manager will ensure the materials follow the COPS Office review and approval 

process. If changes to the materials are required, your program manager will discuss them with you. Pleas

review this information to make sure your materials include the appropriate information
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Overarching requirements

The COPS Office has a series of requirements that apply to all courses in all stages of development, 

delivery, and online launch: 

1. Ensure that all proposed deliverables and publications follow and are in accordance with th

COPS Office Editorial and Graphics Style Manual (available at https://portal.cops.usdoj.g

resourcecenter?item=cops-w0434)

2. All products and deliverables (written, visual, or sound; curricula, reports, or websites) must contai

the following statement: 

This project was supported by cooperative agreement number 15JCOPS-2#-GG-XXXXX-XXXX 

awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justi

The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the 

official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencie

companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the author(s) 

or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of the date

this publication. Given that URLs and websites are in constant flux, neither the author(s) nor

the COPS Office can vouch for their current validity

3. When appropriate, U.S. Department of Justice publications and other products and deliverab

should contain the following copyright notice:

Copyright © [year work was published] [name of copyright owner]. The U.S. Department 

Justice reserves a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable license to reproduce, publish, or 

otherwise use, and authorize others to use, this resource for Federal Government purposes

This resource may be freely distributed and used for noncommercial and educational purposes only

4. For any instructor-led resources that include online components, the COPS Training Port

(https://copstrainingportal.org/) formatting procedures should be followe

5. All videos developed for in-person training curricula should follow the COPS Office video development guidelin

6. If materials or toolkits that accompany the training are developed and could be released as standalone resources, the full COPS Office publishing process should be follow

7. If the course will include previously created printed course materials and resources, the COPS Offic

will review those materials and resources and provide guidance on editorial requirements

8. All requirements and tasks outlined in each cooperative agreement must be followed in addition t

the COPS Office Curriculum Standards, Review, and Approval Guide

9. All content must be free from discriminatory examples and terminology and negative stereotypi
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COPS Office logos

The COPS Office has two logos for training documents: the training logo and the main COPS Office logo

All COPS Office–sponsored training materials should prominently display both logos. Contact your COPS

Office program manager for logos if you need them in an image format. Supplemental materials to the

training should also include the COPS Office logo, legal disclaimer, and, if necessary, the copyright notice

Awardees should not use the Department of Justice (DOJ) seal in conjunction with the COPS Office logos

When placing the COPS Office logo and training logo on a colored background, please be careful of the 

color you choose, as the contrast can affect readability. To avoid visibility issues, make sure (1) the COPS

logotype, (2) the red separator rule, and (3) the identifier and parent affiliate text are all clearly legible. Any

alteration of the logo is a violation of usage standards because it creates inconsistency and confusion for 

readers and diminishes the integrity of our agency’s identity

For further assistance with logo usage, consult the Graphic Standards and Identity System for the 

COPS Office (https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/Logo_Standards_Manual.pdf) and Logo Fact Sh

(https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/Logo_Guideline_FactSheet.pdf ) on the training section of t

COPS Office website

Templates

All instructor and participant guides should include a front cover, inside cover, and back cover developed 

with the COPS Office training templates and including all the logos, legal disclaimers, and copyright 

information they call for. Awardees should not use the DOJ seal. Templates are available at the COPS Offic

training website, https://cops.usdoj.gov/training

• Student training instructor guide template

• Student training participant guide template 

• Instructor training instructor guide template

• Instructor training participant guide template

Examples of the templates are included in appendix A of this guide

All PowerPoint presentations should include a cover slide and disclaimer slide developed with the COPS 

Office training PowerPoint templates and include all the information they call for. Awardees should

not use the DOJ seal. These templates are also available at the COPS Office website, and examples are

included in appendix B of this guide

• Student training PowerPoint template

• Instructor training PowerPoint template

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508 conformance

Ensure that all electronic and information technology deliverables (websites and web-based information, 

online training, and video and multimedia products) are developed and produced in a format that is 

accessible according to accessibility requirements as specified in section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 

1973. Specifically, video should contain closed-captioning and audio description options. Electronic publications should be created in HTML, fully-tagged PDF, or accessible text file format, and all websites mus

be fully conformant with 508 accessibility standards. For more information on section 508 accessibility

requirements, consult http://www.section508.go

• It is important to note that under section 508, agencies must give disabled employees and members of 

the public access to information that is comparable to access available to others

• If deliverables are not 508-conformant, they may not be published in print or online

STEP 1. COURSE DISCUSSION

To start the course development process, you will participate in a course kickoff meeting with your COPS 

Office program manager. The purposes of this meeting are (1) to discuss the training cycle and (2) to

ensure everyone agrees on the goals, objectives, target audience, and length of the course. The training

cycle refers to the course’s purpose and assessment, planning and preparation, presentation and facilitation, and evaluation and performance

Your program manager will work with you to establish a date and time for this discussion. If subsequent

discussions are needed prior to the development of the course design document, your program manager 

will inform you to not proceed with the course design document until all parties agree on the overall 

purpose of the course

STEP 2. CREATE A COURSE DESIGN DOCUMENT

The course design document (CDD) is a comprehensive outline of the content of a course that serves 

as the foundation of course development. The CDD lays out the scope, goals, objectives, exercises, and

overall strategy of the course. Laying these out clearly ensures that both the COPS Office and the course

developers have a clear plan for the course

The CDD should contain, at a minimum, the following items:

• Course title. State the title of the course

• Scope statement. State the subject matter of the course and how the course addresses the topic

• Course overview. Provide a summary of the course

• Course purpose. State the intent of the course

• Central course topics. State which topics are included in the course

• Central course activities. Provide an overview of general course activities
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• Terminal learning objectives. Provide an action verb statement that outlines what the student is 

expected to learn or be capable of performing at the conclusion of the course

• Established learning objective(s). Provide the incremental learning objectives that support the 

terminal learning objectives. These should be measurable performance statements describing how the

student will demonstrate achievement of the terminal learning objective

• Duration of the course. State the course length

• Target audience. State the intended participants in the course

• Eligibility requirements. Specify who is eligible to participate in the course

• Instructor-to-participant ratio. State the number of participants expected for each instructor for 

the course

• Number of instructors. State the number of instructors needed for the course

• Course modality. Describe the principal teaching modalities for the course—e.g., PowerPoint

dialogue, or exhibits

• Prerequisites. Describe whether a participant needs to have learned any fundamentals before 

taking the course

• Adult learning strategies and principles. State the adult learning strategies and principles used and 

practiced in the course

• Instructional preparation. Describe what the instructors are expected to know for the course and 

how the learning environment should be arranged. At minimum, provide the following information

– Required materials

– Training room preparation

– Training room configuration

– Classroom technology and audiovisual equipment

• Evaluation strategy. Describe the learning checks, Level I and Level II evaluations, and overarching 

learning strategy for the course

• Course progression. Describe how the course is divided and the flow of the course

• Modules. Describe each module in outline form and include, at minimum, the following information:

– Module title

– Module description

– Terminal learning objective for each module

– Establishing learning objectives for each module

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– Outline of module contents to include exercises, videos, activities

– Resource list 

– References

In addition, general requirements for the CDD include the following:

• Outline format is consistent throughout the lesson plans

• Grammar, spelling, and punctuation are correct

• Training aids are scheduled at appropriate times

• Lesson plans have a variety of training aids

• References are cited following the COPS Office Editorial and Graphics Style Manual 

(https://portal.cops.usdoj.gov/resourcecenter?item=cops-w04

• Lesson plans include essential information that supports each of the learning objectives 

or outcomes

• Lesson plans include teaching techniques that will stimulate participation and facilitate learning

• Lesson plans include procedural notes to specify teaching strategies

• Lesson openings include an instructor introduction and background information

• Lesson opening incudes an appropriate “attention-getter.

• Introduction shows the relationship of this topical subject to the importance to the law 

enforcement field

• Lessons explain the importance of this topic and how it will be applied to participants’ jobs

• Time is identified to allow participants to ask questions and to be actively engaged

• The awardee should use the ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) 

model of instruction and will continually improve the curriculum based on evaluative feedback, partici-

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pant input, and instructor after-training reports

– For more on the ADDIE process, please see the COPS Office ADDIE Fact Sheet (https://cops.usdo

gov/pdf/training/ADDIE_Fact_Sheet.pdf 

The CDD should be submitted to your COPS Office program manager for review and approval within 

the agreed-upon timeframe for CDD completion. The review and approval process will include, at mi

imum, an internal COPS Office review and vetting, which takes approximately two weeks. If the review

and approval process finds that revisions to the course are necessary, those revisions should be made 

and resubmitted to your program manager within the agreed-upon timeframe. Once the CDD has been
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approved, your program manager will give permission to develop the course in its entire draft form. You

should not start the full course development phase until your COPS Office program manager indicates 

that the CDD is approved

For an easy-to-use reminder of the required information in the CDD, the COPS Office has a CDD Fact 

Sheet (https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/FactSheet_CourseDesignDocumentTemplate.pd

STEP 3. DRAFT COURSE

Once the CDD is approved, the draft course should be developed in its entirety. The draft course should

consist of all lesson plans and include a full training support package (TSP); it should follow the same 

formatting and requirements of the CDD, but with fully elaborated content. All course materials should

include covers (pages or slides) which follow the COPS Office training templates. Awardees usually start

by developing the instructor guide, and, once that is complete, formulate the participant guide. An

instructor guide should be thoroughly comprehensive, so that someone other than the developers or 

trainers could pick up the instructor guide and have all of the directions and content needed to deliver 

the course

The draft course should meet the following requirements:

• Lesson plans should include procedural notes to specify teaching strategies

• Each lesson conclusion summarizes the key points and objectives, has time built in for participants 

to ask final questions, and has correctly cited endnotes for further reading

• Practical exercises and demonstration information are clearly written and included in the instructor notes

• The course includes evaluation materials and grading materials

• Sufficient questions are included to check understanding

• The course includes a comprehensive pre-test

• The course includes a comprehensive post-test

• The course includes all information outlined in your cooperative agreement not stated here

The TSP should include all the materials associated with the delivery of the training course. The following

items, at a minimum, should be included in the TSP:

• Audio/visual support materials: Any audio or visual components that are part of any learning module, 

session, or lesson or that supports the overall training being delivered

• Special support materials: Any descriptions of practical exercises, tabletop exercises, hands-on exercises, or other material that supports learning objectives

• Level II evaluations—pre- and post-tests: A pretest to assess knowledge before taking the course and 

a post-test to assess knowledge gained from the course. For more on evaluations, see IV. Evaluatio

and Deliverable Reporting on page 17 of this guide

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• Level I evaluations—course evaluations: For more on evaluations, see IV. Evaluation and Deliverable

Reporting on page 17 of this guide

• Course certificates: Final course certificates to be distributed either in person or via email by the train-

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ing provider

Work with your COPS Office program manager to devise a review process for the draft course. It is ben

ficial to have your program manager review modules or blocks of modules to ensure everyone is on the 

same page. Once complete, the draft course should be submitted to your COPS Office program manager

electronically for review and approval prior to creating a final version of the course, hosting the pilot, or 

conducting deliveries. The review and approval process will at a minimum include a COPS Office internal

document review, external peer review, and vetting. Until approval to move onto the next step is given,

no further steps should be taken to deliver or market the course

Peer review

Peer review is the process of experts (law enforcement, researchers, academics, etc.) reviewing the entire

course for relevance and applicability to the field. Most peer-reviewed documents have three reviewer

The review is confidential, so you will not know the names of those reviewing your course materials

During their review of the course materials, the peer reviewers fill out a peer-review questionnaire and 

provide a rating for the course. When the reviewers are finished, your program manager will review their

feedback and ratings and share them with you. Your program manager will ask you to make the recom

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mended changes. If the reviewers recommended any changes that you decline to make, you will need

to write a memo to your program manager outlining which changes you decline and your reasons. Your

program manager will review this memo and enter it into the COPS Office review process, which could 

take up to two weeks. During this time, do not move forward on the course until you have your program

manager’s approval. The COPS Office may determine that you still need to make the changes. All memo

related to this determination will be saved in your official award folder

It takes four weeks for the peer reviewers to read the materials and provide comments. If changes need

to be made to the course, that will occur after the four-week review period. You will work with your COPS

Office program manager to determine a time frame for completing the finalized draft course

Vetting

Once the peer-reviewed, draft course is finalized, your program manager will send it through the DOJ 

vetting process. The purpose of vetting is for the DOJ to review the course for organizational conflicts of

interest and any implied endorsements of products or services. Your program manager might ask you to

send the course documents in a specific format for vetting. When vetting is finished, your program ma

ager will review the vetting feedback and share it with you. Your program manager will ask you to make

any recommended changes. If any changes are recommended that you decline to make, you will need

to write a memo to your program manager outlining which changes you decline to make and your 

reasons. Your program manager will review the memo and enter it into the COPS Office review pr

cess, which could take up to two weeks. During this time, do not move forward on the course until you

have your program manager’s approval. The COPS Office may determine that you still need to make the

changes. All memos related to this determination will be saved in your official award folde
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

12

Vetting typically takes two weeks; it is unlikely that it will take less time, though depending on the length 

of the training it may take longer. Most vetting clears during the two-week period with few to no changes

identified. If changes do need to be made to the course, this will occur after the two-week review perio

You will work with your COPS Office program manager to determine a time frame for completing the 

finalized draft course.

Until approval to move onto the next step is given, no further steps should be taken to deliver or market 

the course

STEP 4. PILOTING THE DRAFT COURSE

The pilot is a first run through the course, designed to test the course and instructors before the national 

launch. Your program manager will work with you to determine the date, time, and location of the pilot

and will travel to the pilot site to evaluate the course. Prior to piloting the draft course, you will need to

submit a request and reporting form for COPS Office approval, instructors will need to be selected and 

trained, and the course logistics will need to be established

The participants in the pilot course should know in advance that they are part of a pilot program 

and should be given the opportunity to provide feedback, through a debrief session with your program 

manager. This debrief session could take place after each module, after a block of modules, or at the

conclusion of the course. The style of the debrief session depends on the type of course being piloted and

should be discussed with your program manager prior to hosting the pilot. Collecting this feedback helps

to ensure the course meets the needs of the field

The pilot course may result in suggestions for revision. If there are suggested revisions you decline to

make, follow the memo process discussed in the “draft course” section of this guide (Step 3. Draft cours

on page 10) to inform your program manager and await the COPS Office’s determination. If you accept

all suggestions for revision, make the changes and submit the revised course to your program manager 

within the agreed-upon time frame after the pilot

Do not launch the final course until your program manager gives the final approval. If a pilot finds that the

course needs significant revisions to content or instructional style, your program manager will provide you 

will with a corrective action plan to ensure the course is successful

Conference Cost Request/Reporting Form

The DOJ requires all awardees delivering training to submit the Conference Cost Request/Reporting 

Form (CCR) prior to planning a training. For course delivery costing less than $100,000, the form must be

submitted to your COPS Office program manager at least 90 calendar days in advance of the delivery. For

course delivery that costs more than $100,000, the form must be submitted at least 120 calendar days 

in advance of delivery. The COPS Office may consider late requests—at its sole discretion—but cannot

ensure they will receive a decision in time for the training to proceed. Any cancellation costs incurred as

a result of late submission may be determined to be unallowable
13

Your program manager will send you the CCR form and guidance, and you can find the FAQs 

(https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/2017_CCR_COPS_FAQ.pdf) on the training section of the CO

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Office website. Once you have filled out the form, send it to your program manager. Your progra

manager will send it for processing and notify you when it is approved. Do not schedule or hold a

pilot before approval is given

For training that includes more than one pilot or delivery, it is recommended that for question #7 on the 

CCR, “Is this a blanket request?”, you answer YES, and in question #8 fill out the number of deliveries, year, 

and locations and start and end dates if you know them. If you do not know the location or start or end

dates, you can answer TBD. This will allow you to submit one request for all training deliveries in a year, so

that you do not have to fill out individual forms for each training occurrence. For delivery costs, input the

estimated cost of your most expensive training delivery

Selecting course instructors

Selecting trainers is a crucial part of the course process. Be sure to select trainers who are experts in the

course topics, are dynamic presenters, and have a track record of creating good rapport with participants

All instructor names, affiliations, and résumés must be submitted to your COPS Office program manager 

for review and vetting at least 90 calendar days prior to conducting training. Instructors should not be

hired to deliver training until your program manager provides approval. Once your program manager

approves the course instructors, the instructors should be trained on delivering the course material

The instructors must meet the standards set forth in the COPS Office Instructor Quality Assurance Guide

(https://cops.usdoj.gov/training ) and must follow any additional requirements set forth in your coope

tive agreement

If trainers are added to or removed from the training cadre, inform your COPS Office program manager 

so that new trainers can be reviewed, vetted, and trained

Your COPS Office program manager will work with you to determine the minimum number of trainers 

needed to deliver the course. The instructor team should include experienced instructors who can su

port and institutionalize the material

Training course instructors

All instructors should be taught how to deliver the course material prior to delivering the course. Discuss

with your program manager the best method for teaching the course instructors the material and follow 

the appropriate approval steps

If the instructors suggest any revisions to the course during the instructor training process, notify your 

program manager immediately and wait for your program manager to give approval before making any 

changes to the course
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14

STEP 5. FINAL COURSE

By the end of the pilot, the final course should contain all instructor and participant course materials

These should be grammatically correct and should follow the COPS Office Editorial and Graphics Style 

Manual (https://portal.cops.usdoj.gov/resourcecenter?item=cops-w04

For train-the-trainer courses, the final course should include an instructional training package for use by 

new trainers taking the course. Upon successful completion of the course, all participants should receive a

storage device or access to a cloud-based program containing all instructional materials, including lesson 

plans, instructor manual, participant guide, PowerPoint slides, videos, role-plays, materials to facilitate class 

breakout sessions, and other teaching tools as deemed appropriate by the awardee and the COPS Office

For non–train the trainer courses, the final course should include a resource package for use by students

The resource package should, at a minimum, include the participant manual, reference lists, any additional 

reading, exercises, and videos

The final course should be submitted to your COPS Office program manager for a final quality check 

before launching the training. Once your program manager verifies the course is in a final state, you may

initiate the course delivery steps outlined in the next section

II . Preparation for Course Delivery 

All deliveries should contain a logistical support function to allow for effective distribution of course mate-

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rials and resources and to ensure all courses run smoothly. Notify your COPS Office program manager of

any delivery issues and seek his or her approval prior to selecting training locations

Request process

Develop a training request process to collect information from agencies interested in participating in each 

course. The request process should be approved by your program manager prior to launching and should

be able to keep up with high levels of interest or demand

Marketing

Develop and administer a marketing plan in collaboration with your COPS Office program manager. All

marketing materials should prominently display the COPS Office logo and training logo and state that the 

training is supported by the COPS Office. You must submit initial marketing materials to your program

manager for review and approval at least 30 days before you embark on email/website/flyer/etc. distrib

tion. The approved materials will then become the approved template for your future marketing effort

At a minimum, marketing materials should include a summary of the course content, information on who 

is eligible to take the course, and any student prerequisites. All marketing materials must also include this

COPS Office disclaimer:

This project was supported by cooperative agreement number 15JCOPS-2#-GG-XXXXX-XXXX 

awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justi

The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the 

official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justi
15

In marketing materials, do not use the DOJ seal, state that trainers are U.S. Department of Justice or COP

Office trainers, or state that the opinions in the training materials are the opinions of the U.S. Departmen

of Justice or COPS Office

Ensure that you notify the local U.S. Attorney’s Office that a COPS Office–sponsored course will be takin

place in their district. Your COPS Office program manager can provide you with a list of contacts for U

Attorneys’ Offices across the country. U.S. Attorneys’ Offices can be great resources, especially for traini

space and marketing. They also like to know what DOJ training is being delivered in their are

The COPS Office has a marketing fact sheet (https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/Marketing_Guideline

FactSheet.pdf ) to help you easily navigate the dos and don’ts of marketing a COPS Office–sponsored cours

Assessing agency readiness

Develop a process to assess an agency’s readiness for each course. Agency readiness should be detailed

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in the training site recommendation report (outlined in the next section); this will be furnished to your 

program manager for approval prior to confirming an agency’s participation in each course. The defin

tion of readiness is unique for each course but should ensure that the agency is willing to incorporate the 

material into the participants’ jobs and the agency’s objectives. Awardees are responsible for working with

their program managers to develop readiness requirements for each course and for providing the readi

ness status in the recommendation report

Training recommendation report

The site recommendation report informs the COPS Office of locations where the awardee would like to 

train and presents a profile of the agency and participants. It also includes a summary, with supporting

comments, of each agency’s readiness. Before you inform an agency of its selection, your COPS Office

program manager must approve and sign its recommendation report. Training site recommendations

and site selection criteria (e.g., geographic diversity, accessibility)—with written justification for each sit

recommendation—should be submitted to your COPS Office program manager for review and approval 

at least 90 days before conducting training. The site recommendation report should, at a minimum,

include the following items:

• Total students to be trained broken out by rank

• Total number of deliveries

• Agency point of contact name and e-mail address

• Requested training time frame

• Proposed trainers

• Proposed training location

• Assessment of readiness 

• Training recommendation (including any reservations about the training)

• Location for COPS Office program manager approval signature
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Conference Cost Request/Reporting Form (CCR) submission

The DOJ requires all awardees delivering training to submit the Conference Cost Request/Reporting 

Form (CCR) prior to planning a training. For course delivery costing less than $100,000, the form must be

submitted to your COPS Office program manager at least 90 calendar days in advance of the delivery. For

course delivery that costs more than $100,000, the form must be submitted at least 120 calendar days in 

advance of delivery. The COPS Office may consider the late requests—at its sole discretion—but cannot

ensure they will receive a decision in time for the training to proceed. Any cancellation costs incurred as

 

a result of late submission may be determined to be unallowable

Your program manager will send you the CCR form and guidance, and you can find the FAQs

(https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/2017_CCR_COPS_FAQ.pdf ) of the training page of the CO

Office website. Once you have filled out the form, send it to your program manager. Your progra

manager will send it for processing and notify you when it is approved. Do not schedule or hold a

pilot before approval is given

For training that includes more than one pilot or delivery, it is recommended that for question #7 on 

the CCR, “Is this a blanket request?”, you answer YES, and in question #8 fill out the number of deliveries, 

year, and locations and start and end dates if you know them. If you do not know the location or start

or end dates, you can answer TBD. This will allow you to submit one request for all training deliveries in

a year, so that you do not have to fill out individual forms for each training occurrence. For costs, you’ll

estimate one training on the higher end of delivery-side to fill out the fields on the form

Training calendar

A training calendar should be kept to organize all training dates and times. The training calendar should

be easily accessible by your program manager and should be furnished to the COPS Office on request

Training Portal 

Provide a course description to the COPS Office Training Portal team, so that the course can be included 

in the in-person training section of the Portal. The description should include the title, course provider

name, link to the website, course summary, course length, audience, and any other specific information 

that the field should know before inquiring about a delivery of the course. To see how in-person courses

are currently displayed in the Portal, visit the COPS Training Portal (https://copstrainingportal.org/ )

III . Delivery 

Once all approvals are given, contact the agency or agencies where the course is to be delivered and 

move forward with delivery logistics. Ensure that the training room is prepared, all handouts are organized, and that the learning environment is comfortabl

Course certificates should be provided to each participant in the training either in person or by email. The

certificates should be branded by the organization that developed the training, not by the COPS Office

Ensure all course evaluations are collected and kept for training data reporting (see “IV. Evaluation and

Deliverable Reporting” on page 17)

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IV . Evaluation and Deliverable Reporting

All courses should include pre- and post-course assessments for participants, as well as an overall course 

evaluation administered at the completion of the course. All evaluations should be developed during

the course development phase and approved by your program manager (as outlined in I. Course Development and Trainer Preparation on page 4). All evaluations must use a 5-point Likert scale, with 

equaling “strongly disagree” and 5 equaling “strongly agree.” Open-ended discussion questions may also be

included in evaluations but are not required

Course evaluation questions

At a minimum, the course evaluation should include the following Likert scale questions: 

• Before the course, I would rate my knowledge, skills, and abilities in this subject as advanced (5), 

intermediate (4), basic (3), little (2), none (1)

• After the course, I would rate my knowledge, skills, and abilities in this subject as advanced (5), 

intermediate (4), basic (3), little (2), none (1)

• The training objectives and outcomes for the course are explicitly stated and understandable

• The course provided the knowledge and skills I need to accomplish the job for which I am 

receiving training

• Materials are presented in realistic job scenarios that I can easily transfer to my job

• Based on the training, I am fully capable of implementing the skills I learned

• The course content is appropriate for someone within my professional field

• The course content is appropriate for someone with my level of experience

• Overall, the course met my needs and expectations

• Overall, the course is effective in meeting the goals and objectives of the course

• The instructor(s) were prepared

• The instructor(s) used instructional time effectively

• The instructor(s) demonstrated thorough knowledge of course content

• The instructor(s) were able to answer questions clearly and understandably

• The instructor(s) conducted the course in a skilled and competent manner

• The instructor(s) encouraged student participation

• The instructor(s) fostered a positive and stimulating learning environment

• The instructor(s) covered all of the course learning objectives

• Overall, the performance of the instructor(s) met my needs and expectations
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

18

For those courses that are community- or workshop-based or whose audience is young people, your pro-

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gram manager will discuss the evaluation questions with you, as these questions might not all be suitable 

for the audience

Summary report

Develop a summary report of each training delivery for your COPS Office program manager. At a min

mum, the report will include the training date and location, number of participants, participant organiza

tion name, and Level I and Level II evaluation results. The final training report for each delivery should be

sent to your program manager no more than 30 days after each training

Training data collection and submission

All training conducted should be reported to the COPS Office on a quarterly basis. The data to be reported

should include the average pre- and post-test scores, average course effectiveness ratings, and average 

answers to course evaluation questions. It should also include general information on the course, instru

tors, participants, and overall course feedback. The COPS Office training tracker outlines all of the required

fields. The quarterly due dates are as follows

• Quarter 1. Collection period October 1–December 31. Due to the COPS Office by January 

• Quarter 2. Collection period January 1–March 31. Due to the COPS Office by April 

• Quarter 3. Collection period April 1–June 30. Due to the COPS Office by July 

• Quarter 4. Collection period July 1–September 30. Due to the COPS Office by October 

Training numbers and data should be kept readily available for information requests outside of the 

quarterly reporting period. At times, the COPS Office may request training data or numbers outside o

 the quarterly reporting period. Your program manager will inform you of changes to the reporting

dates as needed

Once you receive a COPS Office award that has a training deliverable, your organization will be added to 

the training tracker. You will find the training tracker located in your Agency Portal (https://portal.co

usdoj.gov/ ). Permissions can be given in your Agency Portal to those staff who will be entering the dat

into the training tracker. Quarterly training data cannot be accepted in spreadsheet or any other form for

the official quarterly reporting. All training data submissions must comply with the quarterly reporting

dates unless otherwise directed by your program manager

Training data are submitted by delivery. For those awardees who are delivering multiple COPS Office

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sponsored courses, each course delivery will have its own entry in the training tracker. Within the training

tracker, there are four possible training statuses: (1) projected, (2) in progress, (3) delivery submitted, and 

(4) no delivery to submit. The projected status means that training is forthcoming; awardees can use this

status to input all of their upcoming training. Once the training begins, the awardee can move the training

to the in progress status, fill out all of the evaluation data, and submit the training occurrence. The deli

ery submitted status means that you have filled in all of the required sections and submitted a complete 

training occurrence. And no delivery to submit means that for the specified quarter, you did not deliver

any training
19

It is strongly recommended that training data be submitted after each training occurrence instead of at 

the end of each quarter

Please ensure you are not delinquent in submitting your quarterly training data. If you receive multiple

delinquency notices, your award status will be flagged as noncompliant and official action will be taken

Progress report

Submit progress reports as outlined in your cooperative agreement. Progress reports should include

progress on award deliverables, such as dates of delivered and upcoming trainings, summary of technical 

assistance provided to participants, summary of marketing efforts, and any concerns noted by the partici-

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pants or instructors

The online progress reporting system can be found via the Agency Portal, https://portal.cops.usdoj.g

Final summary report

Upon completion of the award, submit a final summary report to the COPS Office that includes, at a min

imum, all training data for each training location, all training resources, copies of marketing material, and 

summaries of technical assistance provided

V . Yearly In-Person Review

The COPS Office will send staff to review the delivery of each course on, at minimum, an annual basis

This review is in addition to the pilot of each course. The yearly review process is meant to ensure training

remains current and to identify and help maintain successes, as well as to identify areas for improvement

If revisions are suggested based on the review, your program manager will outline the revision process 

and inform you whether the delivery of the course needs to be put on hold and, if so, when deliveries of 

the modified course can begin

VI . Course Certification

Seeking national certification for in-person courses is strongly recommended by the COPS Office. One

of the goals of the COPS Office training initiative is to have all law enforcement courses nationally certified

Work with your COPS Office program manager to determine the appropriate certification for your course

COPS Office awardees are allowed to use their COPS Office award funds to certify their COPS Office–

sponsored courses

VII . Multiple Sponsorship

Some courses have more than one funding source or are fee-for-service. That is allowable; however, clear

lines need to be drawn to distinguish which is which. All COPS Office–sponsored courses must follow

the requirements in the COPS Office curriculum process guide and be prominently promoted as COPS 
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

20

Office–sponsored courses following all of the rules and requirements of that sponsorship. All non

COPS Office–sponsored courses should not be promoted as COPS Office courses. Do not report non–COPS

Office–sponsored courses in your training data reports to the COPS Office, and do not use the COPS Office 

logos

COPS Office courses are free courses for the field, so no fees should be associated with COPS Office courses

Keep your COPS Office program manager up-to-date on which deliveries are which to prevent confusion

The slide decks and course manuals for COPS Office– and non–COPS Office–sponsored trainings might 

look the same, but the overarching difference is that the COPS Office cannot be stated to be a sponsor of 

the non–COPS Office–sponsored course/deliveries

VIII . Post–COPS Office–Funded Training

The COPS Office reserves the right to deliver training even after the funding source for the training is complete. The COPS Office reserves a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable license to reproduce, publish,

or otherwise use the training in part or in whole for Federal Government purposes and to authorize others 

to use the training. The full outline of the right to use is detailed in every cooperative agreement and can

be found in the Code of Federal Regulations (2 CFR 200.315 (b)

The awardee also has the right to continue the use of the developed training. Under the legal guidelines

for deliverables post-award, the COPS Office logo should not be associated with the training. Trainers

should not state that the training is a COPS Office training but rather should state that the training was 

developed through funding from the COPS Office in [funding year] and is currently being delivered 

through [state organization/agency]

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Review and Delivery of Pre-Existing Courses

I . Course review

All COPS Office training providers are required to submit the full course package to their COPS Office 

program manager for review and approval prior to scheduling and delivering training. For courses to be

COPS Office–sponsored, courses must be in the COPS Office format, be peer reviewed and vetted, and 

follow the delivery steps outlined in this process guide. Instructors must be reviewed and approved before

using them as instructors in COPS Office–sponsored courses, as well. Your program manager will ensure

the materials follow the COPS Office review and approval process. If changes to the materials are required,

your program manager will discuss that with you

To ensure all requirements are met, arrange a time to talk with your COPS Office program manager on a 

monthly basis. Remember, your COPS Office program manager is here to help: Do not hesitate to reach

out via email or phone

Overarching requirements

The COPS Office has a series of requirements that applies to all courses in all stages of development 

and delivery, which includes pre-existing courses. For a pre-existing course to become a COPS Office

sponsored course, the course must meet these overarching requirements: 

1. Ensure that all proposed deliverables and publications follow and are in accordance with th

COPS Office Editorial and Graphics Style Manual (available at https://portal.cops.usdoj.g

resourcecenter?item=cops-w0434)

2. All products and deliverables (written, visual, or sound; curricula, reports, or websites) must contai

the following statement: 

This project was supported by cooperative agreement number 15JCOPS-2#-GG-XXXXX-XXXX 

awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justi

The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the 

official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencie

companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the author(s) 

or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of the date

this publication. Given that URLs and websites are in constant flux, neither the author(s) nor

the COPS Office can vouch for their current validity
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

22

3. When appropriate, U.S. Department of Justice publications and other products and deliverab

should contain the following copyright notice:

Copyright © [year work was published] [name of copyright owner]. The U.S. Department 

Justice reserves a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable license to reproduce, publish, or 

otherwise use, and authorize others to use, this resource for Federal Government purposes

This resource may be freely distributed and used for noncommercial and educational purposes only

4. For any instructor-led resources that include online components, the COPS Office Training Port

( https://copstrainingportal.org/) formatting procedures should be followe

5. If materials or toolkits that accompany the training are developed and could be released as standalone resources, the full COPS Office publishing process should be follow

6. If printed course materials and resources previously created will be included in the training, the COP

Office will review those materials and resources and provide guidance on editorial requirements

7. All requirements and tasks outlined in each cooperative agreement must be followed in addition t

the COPS Curriculum Standards, Review, and Approval Guide

8. All content must be free from discriminatory examples and terminology and negative stereotypi

Templates

All instructor and participant guides should include a front cover, inside cover, and back cover developed with the COPS Office training templates and including all logos, legal disclaimers, and copyright 

information specified in them. Awardees should not use the DOJ seal. Templates are available at the COP

Office training website, https://cops.usdoj.gov/training

• Student training instructor guide template 

• Student training participant guide template 

• Instructor training instructor guide template 

• Instructor training participant guide template

Examples of the templates are included in appendix A on page 35 of this guide

All PowerPoint presentations should include a cover slide and disclaimer slide developed with the COPS 

Office training PowerPoint templates and including all information specified in them. Awardees should

not use the DOJ seal. These templates are also available online, and examples are included in appendix 

on page 36 of this guide:

• Student training PowerPoint template

• Instructor training PowerPoint template
23

COPS Office logos

The COPS Office has two logos for training documents: the training logo and the main COPS Office logo

All COPS Office–sponsored training materials should prominently display both logos. Contact your COPS

Office program manager for logos if you need them in an image format. Supplemental materials to the

training should also include the COPS Office logo, legal disclaimer, and, if necessary, the copyright notice

Awardees should not use the DOJ seal

When placing the COPS Office logo and training logo on a colored background, please be careful of the 

color you choose, as the contrast can affect readability. To avoid visibility issues, make sure (1) the COPS

logotype, (2) the red separator rule, and (3) the identifier and parent affiliate text are all clearly legible. Any

alteration of the logo is a violation of usage standards because it creates inconsistency and confusion for 

readers and diminishes the integrity of our agency’s identity

For further assistance with logo usage, consult the Graphic Standards and Identity System for the 

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COPS Office (https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/Logo_Standards_Manual.pdf ) and Logo Fact She

(https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/Logo_Guideline_FactSheet.pdf ) on the training section of t

COPS Office website

508 conformance

Ensure that all electronic and information technology deliverables (websites and web-based informa

tion, online training, and video and multimedia products) are developed and produced in a format that 

is accessible according to accessibility requirements specified in section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 

1973. Specifically, video should contain closed-captioning and audio description options. Electronic p

lications should be created in HTML, fully-tagged PDF, or accessible text file format, and all websites must 

be fully conformant with 508 accessibility standards. For more information on section 508 accessibility

requirements, consult http://www.section508.go

• It is important to note that under section 508, agencies must give disabled employees and members 

of the public access to information that is comparable to access available to others

• If deliverables are not 508-conformant, they may not be published in print or online

STEP 1. COURSE DISCUSSION

To start the course development process, you will participate in a course kickoff meeting with your COPS 

Office program manager. The purposes of this meeting are (1) to discuss the course review cycle and

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(2) to discuss the requirements of a COPS Office–sponsored course. Your pre-existing course should

include all elements discussed in the course design document (Step 2. Create a course design documen

on page 7) and draft course (Step 3. Draft course on page 10) steps of the New Course Develo

ment section of this guide. If your course does not meet these requirements, you should plan to revise the

course to meet the requirements before the course is reviewed

Your program manager will work with you to establish a date and time for the course discussion. If su

sequent discussions are needed prior to the course review your program manager will inform you to not 

proceed until all parties agree on the overall structure of the course
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STEP 2. COURSE REVIEW

The COPS Office will review the course for content and structure. The review will include an internal

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COPS Office review, external peer review, and vetting. Your program manager will inform you of any

modifications to the course after the COPS Office review

Internal review

This is a COPS Office review of the course structure and content. The COPS Office will review the course

to ensure it meets the COPS Office standards at a basic level before the course is approved to proceed 

to peer review. This process typically takes two week

Peer review

Peer review is the process of experts (law enforcement, researchers, academics, etc.) reviewing the entire

course for relevance and applicability to the field. Most peer-reviewed documents have three reviewer

The review is confidential, so you will not know the names of those reviewing your course materials

During their review of the course materials, the peer reviewers fill out a peer-review questionnaire and 

provide a rating for the course. When the reviewers are finished, your program manager will review their

feedback and ratings and share them with you. Your program manager will ask you to make the reco

mended changes. If the reviewers recommended any changes that you decline to make, you will need

to write a memo to your program manager outlining which changes you decline and your reasons. Your

program manager will review this memo and enter it into the COPS Office review process, which could 

take up to two weeks. During this time, do not move forward on the course until you have your program

manager’s approval. The COPS Office may determine that you still need to make the changes. All memo

related to this determination will be saved in your official award folder

It takes four weeks for the peer reviewers to read the materials and provide comments. If

-

changes need to be made to the course, that will occur after the four-week review period

You will work with your COPS Office program manager to determine a time frame for completing 

the finalized draft course

Vetting

Once the peer-reviewed, draft course is finalized, your program manager will send it through the DOJ 

vetting process. The purpose of vetting is for the DOJ to review the course for organizational conflicts

of interest and any implied endorsements of products or services. Your program manager might ask you

to send the course documents in a specific format for vetting. When vetting is finished, your program

manager will review the vetting feedback and share it with you. Your program manager will ask you to

make any recommended changes. If any changes are recommended that you decline to make, you will

need to write a memo to your program manager outlining which changes you decline to make and your 

reasons. Your program manager will review the memo and enter it into the COPS Office review pr

cess, which could take up to two weeks. During this time, do not move forward on the course until you

have your program manager’s approval. The COPS Office may determine that you still need to make the

changes. All memos related to this determination will be saved in your official award folde
25

Vetting typically takes two weeks; it is unlikely that it will take less time, though depending on the length 

of the training it may take longer. Most vetting clears during the two-week period with few to no changes

identified. If changes do need to be made to the course, this will occur after the two-week review perio

You will work with your COPS Office program manager to determine a timeframe for completing the 

finalized draft course.

Until approval to move onto the next step is given, no further steps should be taken to deliver or market 

the course

STEP 3. FINALIZING THE DRAFT COURSE

Once all reviews are complete, ensure all appropriate edits are made to the course and submit the course 

to your COPS Office program manager for review prior to preparing the course for a pilot delivery. The

draft course should consist of all lesson plans and include a full training support package (TSP) (see “Step 

3. Draft course” on page 10). All course materials should include covers (pages or slides) which follo

the COPS Office training templates

STEP 4. PILOTING THE DRAFT COURSE

At this point, the course is still called a draft COPS Office–sponsored course, because the COPS Office 

needs to see a delivery of the course and hear from participants of the delivery before the course can 

be finalized. All pre-existing courses must have a pilot before the course can be delivered nationally as a

COPS Office–sponsored course

The pilot is a first run through the course, designed to test the course and instructors before the national 

launch. Your program manager will work with you to determine the date, time, and location of the pilot

and will travel to the pilot site to evaluate the course. Prior to piloting the draft course, you will need to

submit a request and reporting form for COPS Office approval, instructors will need to be selected and 

trained, and the course logistics will need to be established

The participants in the pilot course should know in advance that they are part of a pilot program and 

should be provided the opportunity for feedback. Participants will take part in a debrief session with

your program manager to ensure the course meets the needs of the field. The style of the debrief session

depends on the type of course being piloted, and should be discussed with your program manager

prior to hosting the pilot. This could be after each module, after a block of modules, or at the conclusion

of the course

The pilot course may result in suggestions for revision. If there are suggested revisions you decline to

make, follow the memo process discussed in the draft course section of this guide starting on page 10

to inform your program manager and await the COPS Office’s determination. If you accept all suggestions for revision, make the changes and submit the revised course to your program manager within the

agreed-upon timeframe after the pilot

Do not launch the final course until your program manager gives the final approval. If a pilot finds that

the course needs significant revisions to content or instructional style, your program manager will provide you will with a corrective action plan to ensure the course is successful
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

26

Conference Cost Request/Reporting Form

The DOJ requires all awardees delivering training to submit the Conference Cost Request/Reporting 

Form (CCR) prior to planning a training. For course delivery costing less than $100,000, the form must

be submitted to your COPS Office program manager at least 90 calendar days in advance of the delivery

For course delivery that costs more than $100,000, the form must be submitted at least 120 calendar days 

in advance of delivery. The COPS Office, may consider late requests—at its sole discretion—but cannot

ensure they will receive a decision in time for the training to proceed. Any cancellation costs incurred as

a result of late submission may be determined to be unallowable

Your program manager will send you the CCR form and guidance, and you can find the FAQs on the 

training section of the COPS Office website (https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/2017_CCR_COP

FAQ.pdf ). Once you have filled out the form, send it to your program manager. Your program manag

will send it for processing and notify you when it is approved. Do not schedule or hold a pilot before

approval is given

For training that includes more than one pilot or delivery, it is recommended that for question #7 on the 

CCR, “Is this a blanket request?”, you answer YES, and in question #8 fill out the number of deliveries, year, 

and locations and start and end dates if you know them. If you do not know the location or start or end

dates, you can answer TBD. This will allow you to submit one request for all training deliveries in a year, so

that you do not have to fill out individual forms for each training occurrence. For delivery costs, input the

estimated cost of your most expensive training delivery

Selecting course instructors

Selecting trainers is a crucial part of the course process. Be sure to select trainers who are experts in the

course topics, are dynamic presenters, and have a track record of creating good rapport with participants

If the pre-existing course already has a cadre of trainers, submit the instructor names, affiliations, and 

résumés to your COPS Office program manager for review and vetting at least 90 calendar days prior to 

conducting training. The COPS Office will determine whether it wants to use those trainers for the COPS

Office–sponsored deliveries of the course

All new instructor names, affiliations, and résumés must also be submitted to your COPS Office program 

manager for review and vetting at least 90 calendar days prior to conducting training. Instructors should

not be hired to deliver the COPS Office-sponsored training until your program manager provides approval

Once your program manager approves the course instructors, the instructors should be trained on deliver-

-

-

ing the course material

The instructors must meet the standards set forth in the COPS Office Instructor Quality Assurance Guide

( https://cops.usdoj.gov/training ) and must follow any additional requirements set forth in your coope

tive agreement

If trainers are added to or removed from the training cadre, inform your COPS Office program manager

New trainers will need to be reviewed, vetted, and trained

Your COPS Office program manager will work with you to determine the minimum number of trainers 

needed to deliver the course. The instructor team should include experienced instructors who can su

port and institutionalize the material

26
27

Training course instructors

All instructors should be taught how to deliver the course material prior to delivering the course. Discuss

with your program manager the best method for teaching the course instructors the material and follow 

the appropriate approval steps

If the instructors suggest any revisions to the course during the instructor training process, notify your 

program manager immediately and wait for your program manager to give approval before making any 

changes to the course

STEP 5. FINAL COURSE

By the end of the pilot, the final course should contain all instructor and participant course materials

These should be grammatically correct and should follow the COPS Office Editorial Style Guide

For train-the-trainer courses, the final course should include an instructional training package for use by 

new trainers taking the course. Upon successful completion of the course, all participants should receive a

storage device containing all instructional materials, including lesson plans, instructor manual, participant 

guide, PowerPoint slides, videos, role-plays, materials to facilitate class breakout sessions, and other teaching tools as deemed appropriate by the awardee and the COPS Office

For non–train the trainer courses, the final course should include a resource package for use by students

The resource package should, at a minimum, include the participant manual, reference lists, any additional 

reading, exercises, and videos

The final course should be submitted to your COPS Office program manager for a final quality check 

before launching the training. Once your program manager verifies the course is in a final state, you may

initiate the course delivery steps outlined in this document

II . Preparations for Course Delivery

Prior to delivering your pre-existing course under COPS Office sponsorship, ensure that the following 

processes are followed: 

Request process

Develop a training request process to collect information from agencies interested in participating in each 

course. The request process should be approved by your program manager prior to launching, and should

be able to keep up with high levels of interest or demand

Marketing

Develop and administer a marketing plan in collaboration with your COPS Office program manager. All

marketing materials should prominently display the COPS Office logo and training logo and state that the 

training is supported by the COPS Office. You must submit initial marketing materials to your program

manager for review and approval at least 30 days before you embark on email/website/flyer/etc. distribu
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

28

tion. The approved materials will then become the approved template for your future marketing effort

At a minimum, marketing materials should include a summary of the course content, information on who 

is eligible to take the course, and any student prerequisites. All marketing materials must also include this

COPS Office disclaimer:

This project was supported by cooperative agreement number 15JCOPS-2#-GG-XXXXX-XXXX 

awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justi

The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the 

official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justi

In marketing materials, do not use the DOJ seal, state that trainers are U.S. Department of Justice or COP

Office trainers, or state that the opinions in the training materials are the opinions of the U.S. Departmen

of Justice or COPS Office

Ensure that you notify the local U.S. Attorney’s Office that a COPS Office–sponsored course will b

taking place in their district. Your COPS Office program manager can provide you with a list of contacts for U.S. Attorneys’ Offices across the country. U.S. Attorneys’ Offices can be great resou

especially for training space and marketing. They also like to know what DOJ training is being delivered in their are

The COPS Office has a marketing fact sheet (https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/Marketin

Guidelines_FactSheet.pdf) to help you easily navigate the dos and don’ts of marketing a COPS

Office–sponsored course

Assessing agency readiness

Develop a process to assess an agency’s readiness for each course. Agency readiness should be detailed

in the training site recommendation report (outlined in the next section); this will be furnished to your 

program manager for approval prior to confirming an agency’s participation in each course. The defini

-

tion of readiness is unique for each course but should ensure that the agency is willing to incorporate the 

material into the participants’ jobs and the agency’s objectives. Awardees are responsible for working with

their program managers to develop readiness requirements for each course and for providing the readi

ness status in the recommendation report

Training recommendation report

The site recommendation report informs the COPS Office of locations where the awardee would like to 

train and presents a profile of the agency and participants. It also includes a summary, with supporting

comments, of each agency’s readiness. Before you inform an agency of its selection, your COPS Office

program manager must approve and sign its recommendation report. Training site recommendations

and site selection criteria (e.g., geographic diversity, accessibility)—with written justification for each sit
29

recommendation—should be submitted to your COPS Office program manager for review and approval 

at least 90 days before conducting training. The site recommendation report should, at a minimum,

include the following items:

• Total students to be trained broken out by rank

• Total number of deliveries

• Agency point of contact name and e-mail address

• Requested training time frame

• Proposed trainers

• Proposed training location

• Assessment of readiness 

• Training recommendation (including any reservations about the training)

• Location for COPS Office program manager approval signature

Conference Cost Request/Reporting Form (CCR) submission

The DOJ requires all awardees delivering training to submit the Conference Cost Request/Reporting 

Form (CCR) prior to planning a training. For course delivery costing less than $100,000, the form must

be submitted to your COPS Office program manager at least 90 calendar days in advance of the delivery

For course delivery that costs more than $100,000, the form must be submitted at least 120 calendar 

days in advance of delivery. The COPS Office may consider the late requests—at its sole discretion—but

cannot ensure they will receive a decision in time for the training to proceed. Any cancellation costs

incurred as a result of late submission may be determined to be unallowable

Your program manager will send you the CCR form and guidance, and you can find the FAQs of the training page of the COPS Office website (https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/2017_CCR_COPS_FAQ.pd

Once you have filled out the form, send it to your program manager. Your program manager will send it

for processing and notify you when it is approved. Do not schedule or hold a pilot before approval is give

For training that includes more than one pilot or delivery, it is recommended that for Question #7 on the 

CCR, “Is this a blanket request?”, you answer YES, and in Question #8 fill out the number of deliveries, year, 

and locations and start and end dates if you know them. If you do not know the location or start or end

dates, you can answer TBD. This will allow you to submit one request for all training deliveries in a year, so

that you do not have to fill out individual forms for each training occurrence. For delivery costs, input the

estimated cost of your most expensive training delivery
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

30

Training calendar

A training calendar should be kept to organize all training dates and times. The training calendar should

be easily accessible by your program manager and should be furnished to the COPS Office on request

Training Portal 

Provide a course description to the COPS Office Training Portal team, so that the course can be included 

in the in-person training section of the Portal. The description should include the title, course provider

name, link to the website, course summary, course length, audience, and any other specific information 

that the field should know before inquiring about a delivery of the course. To see how in-person courses

are currently displayed in the Portal, visit the COPS Training Portal (https://copstrainingportal.org/

III . Delivery 

Once all approvals are given, contact the agency or agencies where the course is to be delivered and 

move forward with delivery logistics. Ensure that the training room is prepared, all handouts are organized,

and that the learning environment is comfortable

Course certificates should be provided to each participant in the training either in person or by email. The

certificates should be branded by the organization that developed the training, not by the COPS Office

Ensure all course evaluations are collected and kept for training data reporting (see section IV. Evaluation

and deliverable reporting on page 30 of this guide)

IV . Evaluation and deliverable reporting

All courses should include pre- and post-course assessments for participants, as well as an overall course 

evaluation administered at the completion of the course. All evaluations should be developed during the

course development phase and approved by your program manager (as outlined in part I of this section, 

“Course review”). All evaluations must use a 5-point Likert scale, with 1 equaling “strongly disagree” and 5

equaling “strongly agree.” Open-ended discussion questions may also be included in evaluations but are

not required

For those courses that are community- or workshop-based or whose audience is young people, your 

program manager will discuss the evaluation questions with you, as the suggested questions might not 

all be suitable for the audience

Course evaluation questions

At a minimum, the course evaluation should include the following Likert scale questions: 

• Before the course, I would rate my knowledge, skills, and abilities in this subject as advanced (5), 

intermediate (4), basic (3), little (2), none (1)

• After the course, I would rate my knowledge, skills, and abilities in this subject as advanced (5), 

intermediate (4), basic (3), little (2), none (1)
31

• The training objectives and outcomes for the course are explicitly stated and understandable

• The course provided the knowledge and skills I need to accomplish the job for which I am 

receiving training

• Materials are presented in realistic job scenarios that I can easily transfer to my job

• Based on the training, I am fully capable of implementing the skills I learned

• The course content is appropriate for someone within my professional field

• The course content is appropriate for someone with my level of experience

• Overall, the course met my needs and expectations

• Overall, the course is effective in meeting the goals and objectives of the course

• The instructor(s) were prepared

• The instructor(s) used instructional time effectively

• The instructor(s) demonstrated thorough knowledge of course content

• The instructor(s) were able to answer questions clearly and understandably

• The instructor(s) conducted the course in a skilled and competent manner

• The instructor(s) encouraged student participation

• The instructor(s) fostered a positive and stimulating learning environment

• The instructor(s) covered all of the course learning objectives

• Overall, the performance of the instructor(s) met my needs and expectations

Summary report

Develop a summary report of each training delivery for your COPS Office program manager. At a minimum, the report will include the training date and location, number of participants, participant organization name, and Level I and Level II evaluation results. The final training report for each delivery should b

sent to your program manager no more than 30 days after each training

Training data collection and submission

Once you receive a COPS Office award that has a training deliverable, your organization will be added to 

the training tracker. You will find the training tracker located in your Agency Portal (https://portal.co

usdoj.gov/ ). Permissions can be given in your Agency Portal to those staff who will be entering the dat

into the training tracker
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

32

All training conducted should be reported to the COPS Office on a quarterly basis. The data to be reported

should include the average pre- and post-test scores, average course effectiveness ratings, and average 

answers to course evaluation questions. It should also include general information on the course, instruc

-

tors, participants, and overall course feedback. The COPS Office training tracker outlines all of the required

fields. The quarterly due dates are as follows

• Quarter 1. Collection period October 1–December 31. Due to the COPS Office by January 

• Quarter 2. Collection period January 1–March 31. Due to the COPS Office by April 

• Quarter 3. Collection period April 1–June 30. Due to the COPS Office by July 

• Quarter 4. Collection period July 1–September 30. Due to the COPS Office by October 

Training numbers and data should be kept readily available for information requests outside of the 

quarterly reporting period. At times, the COPS Office may request training data or numbers outside

of the quarterly reporting period. Your program manager will inform you of changes to the reporting dates as neede

Training data are reported to the COPS Office by submitting all required training fields through the online 

training tracker, which you can find by logging into the Agency Portal through the Account Access tab 

on the COPS Office website: https://portal.cops.usdoj.gov/. Quarterly training data cannot be accepted

spreadsheet or any other form for the official quarterly reporting. All training data submissions must co

ply with the quarterly reporting dates unless otherwise directed by your program manager

Training data is submitted by delivery. For those awardees who are delivering multiple COPS Office

sponsored courses, each course delivery will have its own entry in the training tracker. Within the training

tracker, there are four possible training statuses: (1) projected, (2) in progress, (3) delivery submitted, and 

(4) no delivery to submit. The projected status means that training is forthcoming; awardees can use this

status to input all of their upcoming training. Once the training begins, the awardee can move the training

to the in progress status, fill out all of the evaluation data, and submit the training occurrence. The delivery submitted status means that you have filled in all of the required sections and submitted a complete

training occurrence. And no delivery to submit means that for the specified quarter, you did not deliver

any training

It is strongly recommended that training data be submitted after each training occurrence instead of at 

the end of each quarter

Please ensure you are not delinquent in submitting your quarterly training data. If you receive multiple

delinquency notices, your award status will be flagged as noncompliant and official action will be taken

Progress report

Submit progress reports as outlined in your cooperative agreement. Progress reports should include

progress on award deliverables such as dates of delivered and upcoming trainings, summary of technical 

assistance provided to students, summary of marketing efforts, and any concerns noted by the students 

or instructors

The online progress reporting system can be found via the Agency Portal, https://portal.cops.usdoj.g
33

Final summary report

Upon completion of the award, submit a final summary report to the COPS Office that includes, at a minimum, all training data for each training location, all training resources, copies of marketing material, and 

summaries of technical assistance provided

V . Yearly In-Person Review

The COPS Office will send staff to review the delivery of each course on, at minimum, an annual basis

This review is in addition to the pilot of each course. The yearly review process is meant to ensure training

remains current and to identify and help maintain successes, as well as to identify areas for improvement

If revisions are suggested based on the review, your program manager will outline the revision process 

and inform you whether delivery of the course needs to be put on hold and, if so, when deliveries of the 

modified course can begin

VI . Course Certification

Seeking national certification for in-person courses is strongly recommended by the COPS Office. One of

the goals of the COPS Office training initiative is to have all law enforcement courses nationally certified

Work with your COPS Office program manager to determine the appropriate certification for your course

COPS Office awardees are allowed to use their COPS Office award funds to certify their COPS Office–

sponsored courses

VII . Multiple Sponsorship

Some courses have more than one funding source or are fee-for-service. That is allowable; however, clear

lines need to be drawn to distinguish which is which. All COPS Office–sponsored courses must follow

the requirements in the COPS Office curriculum process guide and be prominently promoted as COPS 

Office–sponsored courses following all of the rules and requirements of that sponsorship. All non–COPS

Office–sponsored courses should not be promoted as COPS Office courses. Do not report non–COPS Office

sponsored courses in your training data reports to the COPS Office, and do not use the COPS Office logos

COPS Office courses are free courses for the field, so no fees should be associated with COPS Office courses

Keep your COPS Office program manager up-to-date on which deliveries are which to prevent confusion

The slide decks and course manuals for COPS Office– and non–COPS Office–sponsored trainings might 

look the same, but the overarching difference is that the COPS Office cannot be stated to be a sponsor of 

the non–COPS Office–sponsored course/deliveries
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

34

VIII . Post–COPS Office–Funded Training

The COPS Office reserves the right to deliver training even after the funding source for the training is complete. The COPS Office reserves a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable license to reproduce, publish,

or otherwise use the training in part or in whole for Federal Government purposes and to authorize others 

to use the training. The full outline of the right to use is detailed in every cooperative agreement and can

be found in the Code of Federal Regulations (2 CFR 200.315 (b)

The awardee also has the right to continue the use of the developed training. Under the legal guidelines

for deliverables post-award, the COPS Office logo should not be associated with the training. Trainers

should not state that the training is a COPS Office training but rather should state that the training was 

developed through funding from the COPS Office in [funding year] and is currently being delivered 

through [state organization/agency]

For pre-existing courses, please consult with your COPS Office program manager regarding the COPS 

Office’s right to reproduce, publish, or otherwise use the training for Federal Government purposes 

through the royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable license. There are some instances where this does

not apply: for example, a course that was developed without COPS Office funding and for which the COPS 

Office paid only for course delivery

34
35

Appendix A. 

Sample Document Covers and Pages

The Word templates are available online at the COPS Office website. There are four versions of the tem

-

-

plate: an instructor guide and a participant guide for both student training and instructor training. These

templates have different backgrounds and color schemes but the same text. Both include the logo of the

COPS Office. Awardees should not use the DOJ sea

The front covers of all four templates contain spaces to insert the document’s title and your organization’s 

logo. The back covers of the instructor guides also have space for a logo, and all four back covers have a

place for an abstract

The disclaimer pages contain the following legal and copyright language. Insert the training’s publication

year and cooperative agreement number in the places highlighted here: 

This project was supported by cooperative agreement number 15JCOPS-2#-GG-XXXXXXXXX awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Departmen

of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not nece

sarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Re

ences to specific agencies, companies, products, or services should not be considered an 

endorsement by the author(s) or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references a

illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. The Internet references cited in this

publication were valid as of the date of publication. Given that URLs and websites are in

constant flux, neither the author(s) nor the COPS Office can vouch for their current validity

Published [YEAR] 
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

36

Appendix B. 

Sample Slides

The PowerPoint templates, available at the COPS Office website, contain blank cover, disclaimer, and body 

slides in two versions: one for student trainings and one for instructor trainings. These versions have differ

-

-

ent backgrounds but contain the same text and the logo of the COPS Office. Awardees should not use the

DOJ seal

The disclaimer slides contain the following legal and copyright language. Insert the training’s publication

year and cooperative agreement number in the places highlighted here: 

This project was supported by cooperative agreement number 15JCOPS-2#-GG-XXXXXXXXX awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Departmen

of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not nece

sarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Re

ences to specific agencies, companies, products, or services should not be considered an 

endorsement by the author(s) or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references a

illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. The Internet references cited in this

publication were valid as of the date of publication. Given that URLs and websites are in

constant flux, neither the author(s) nor the COPS Office can vouch for their current validity

Published [YEAR] 
37

Template 1. Training participant guide (front cover, disclaimer, body, back cover)

Link: https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/TrainingDocument_Participant_2023_Template.d

Title Here

Title Here

PARTICIPANT GUIDE

Begin document text here.

This project was supported by cooperative agreement number 15JCOPS-2#-GG-XXXXX-XXXX 

awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The 

opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official 

position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencies, companies, 

products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the author(s) or the U.S. 

Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the 

issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of the date of publication. 

Given that URLs and websites are in constant flux, neither the author(s) nor the COPS Office can 

vouch for their current validity. 

Published [YEAR] 
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

38

Template 2. Training instructor guide (front cover, disclaimer, body, back cover)

Link. https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/TrainingDocument_Instructor_2023_Template.

Title Here

Title Here

INSTRUCTOR GUIDE

Begin document text here.

This project was supported by cooperative agreement number 15JCOPS-2#-GG-XXXXX-XXXX 

awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The 

opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official 

position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencies, companies, 

products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the author(s) or the U.S. 

Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the 

issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of the date of publication. 

Given that URLs and websites are in constant flux, neither the author(s) nor the COPS Office can 

vouch for their current validity. 

Published [YEAR] 
39

Template 3. Training-of-trainers participant guide (front cover, disclaimer, body, back cover)

Link: https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/TrainingofTrainers_Participant_2023_Template.d

Title Here

Title Here

PARTICIPANT GUIDE

Begin document text here.

This project was supported by cooperative agreement number 15JCOPS-2#-GG-XXXXX-XXXX 

awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The 

opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official 

position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencies, companies, 

products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the author(s) or the U.S. 

Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the 

issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of the date of publication. 

Given that URLs and websites are in constant flux, neither the author(s) nor the COPS Office can 

vouch for their current validity. 

Published [YEAR] 
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

40

Template 4. Training-of-trainers instructor guide (front cover, disclaimer, body, back cover)

Link. https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/TrainingofTrainers_Instructor_2023_Template.

Title Here

Title Here

INSTRUCTOR GUIDE

Begin document text here.

This project was supported by cooperative agreement number 15JCOPS-2#-GG-XXXXX-XXXX 

awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The 

opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official 

position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencies, companies, 

products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the author(s) or the U.S. 

Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the 

issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of the date of publication. 

Given that URLs and websites are in constant flux, neither the author(s) nor the COPS Office can 

vouch for their current validity. 

Published [YEAR] 
41

Slide deck 1. Training (cover, disclaimer, body)

Link: https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/COPS Training PowerPoint Backgrounds_2023.p
IN-PERSON CURRICULUM STANDARDS AND REVIEW

42

Slide deck 2. Training-of-trainers (cover, disclaimer, body)

Link: https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/training/COPS Training Trainers PowerPoint Backgrounds_2023.p
U

S. Department of Justic

Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

145 N Street NE

Washington, DC 20530

To obtain details on COPS programs, call 

the COPS Office Response Center at 800-421-6770

Visit the COPS Office online at cops.usdoj.gov. e08171084

Updated August 2023