Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Author:

Date Created:

Date Modified:

Purpose:

File Contents:

Worksheet

Scope

CPT&FinTables

EmplData

FinData

TradeData

CapUtilData

VOSData

VA

L-Tgrowth

ConcRatios

FacFirm

EmplAlum

EmplChem

EmplFood

EmplPaper

EmplPetro

EmplSteel

Input Files:

External data used in calculations/analysis:

Man_Facility_Data_v.2.xlsx

Man_Firm_Impact_RFA_v.2.xlsx

CostPassThrough.xlsx

Cap_Util.xlsx

QFR_data_v.2.xlsx

SUSB data.xlsx

U.S. economic performance.xlsx

ASM_2011_31AS101.xls

Aluminum Profile Table_9.5.2012.xlsx

Chemicals Profile Tables_10.4.2012.xlsx

Food & Bev Profile Tables_9.5.12.xlsx

PaperProfTbls_9.5.12.xlsx

Petroleum Profile Tables_9.5.12.xlsx

Steel Profile Table_9.5.2012.xlsx

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 FileInfo 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Abt Associates Inc.

8/14/2012

5/5/2014

This file contains summary data for all primary manufacturing sectors.

Contents

Assesses the portion of each of the primary manufacturing sectors that will likely be subject to regulation

Contains tables summarizing the factors for the cost pass-through and finanical outlooks assessments. Contains employment data for each of the primary manufacturing sectors, for the NAICS codes that represent the surveyed 

facilties.

Contains financial data (QFR) for each of the primary manufacturing sectors, for the NAICS codes that represent the surveyed 

facilties.

Contains import penetration and export dependence ratios for each of the primary manufacturing sectors, for the NAICS codes 

that represent the surveyed facilties.

Contains capacity utilization data for each of the primary manufacturing sectors, for the NAICS codes that represent the 

surveyed facilties.

Contains value of shipments data for each of the primary manufacturing sectors, for the NAICS codes that represent the 

surveyed facilties.

Contains value added data for each of the primary manufacturing sectors, for the NAICS codes that represent the surveyed 

facilties.

Calculates the industry growth for each of the primary manufacturing sectors and for the U.S. economy as a whole.

Contains concentration ratios for each of the primary manufacturing sectors, for the NAICS codes that represent the surveyed 

facilties.

Contains facility and firm counts for each of the primary manufacturing sectors, for the NAICS codes that represent the 

surveyed facilties.

Calculates a labor productivity value for the Aluminum industry based on employment and value added.

Calculates a labor productivity value for the Chemicals industry based on employment and value added.

Calculates a labor productivity value for the Food & Kindred Products industry based on employment and value added.

Calculates a labor productivity value for the Paper industry based on employment and value added.

Calculates a labor productivity value for the Petroleum industry based on employment and value added.

Calculates a labor productivity value for the Steel industry based on employment and value added.

Provides facility and employment numbers for in-scope facilities. Contains CBI.

Provides firm numbers for in-scope facilities. Contains CBI.

Provides value of shipments for in-scope facilities and manufacturing sectors.

Provides capacity utilization values.

Provides finanical data for the overall manufacturing industry.

Provides facility and firm counts for in-scope table.

Provides GDP data.

Provides 2011 employment data.

Provides sector-level data for relevant NAICS codes.

Provides sector-level data for relevant NAICS codes.

Provides sector-level data for relevant NAICS codes.

Provides sector-level data for relevant NAICS codes.

Provides sector-level data for relevant NAICS codes.

Provides sector-level data for relevant NAICS codes.

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 FileInfo 2
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Num % of Tot Value % of Tot

Aluminum 3313 583 22 4% $32,966 $15,131 46%

Chemicals 325 13,138 175 1% $716,178 $102,914 14%

Food 311/3121 4,119 34 1% $755,071 $16,881 2%

Paper 322 4,706 194 4% $173,577 $66,845 39%

Petroleum 32411 303 35 11% $601,212 $229,480 38%

Steel 3311/2 1,233 48 4% $118,089 $57,195 48%

Total NA 24,082 509 2% $2,397,094 $488,446 20%

Source: U.S. DOC, 2010 Annual Survey of Manufactures; U.S. DOC, 2009 SUSB; U.S. EPA, 2000

NAICS Code

Existing Manufacturers, Value of Shipments, and Parent-Entities, by Industry

a. For this analysis, facility revenue was used as a measure of value of output the absence of value of shipments for sample facilities. These values include revenues for all in-scope, primary manufacturing facilities, excluding 

b. To compare in-scope revenue values with the industry value of shipments, EPA brought in-scope revenue values forward to 2010 using industry-specific Producer Price Index (PPI) published by the Bureau of Labor Statist

c. Number of in-scope facilities is estimated using technical weights. In-scope revenue values are weighted estimates; these estimates were generated using technical weights as well. In-scope facility counts and associated rev

Industry 

Sector

Number of Facilities Value of Shipments (mill; 2010$)a,b

Sector Total In-ScopecSector Total In-Scopec

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 Scope 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Factors Relevant to Cost Pass-Through Assessment

Industry

Fraction of Industry InScopeaIndustry 

Concentrationb

Import 

Penetrationc

Export 

Dependenced

Long-term Industry 

Growthe

Aluminum - mixed - + -

Chemicals - mixed - - +

Food - - + + -

Paper - - + + -

Petroleum - - + + +

Steel - - + + -

Source: U.S. EPA Analysis, 2012.

Factors Relevant to Financial Performance and Outlook Assessment

Industry Capacity Utilizationa

Net Profit 

Marginb

Return on 

Capitalc

S&P Short-Term

Outlookd

Aluminum - + + +

Chemicals - + + +

Food - + + +/-

Paper + + + +/-

Petroleum + + + +

Steel - + + +/-

b. This column indicates whether the net profit margin for each industry, in 2010, was greater than (+) 

or less than (-) the 2010 net profit margin for the total manufacturing industry.

c. This column indicates whether the return on capital for each industry, in 2010, was was greater than 

(+) or less than (-) the 2010 return on capital for the total manufacturing industry.

d. This column indicates whether the S&P outlook for the upcoming 12 months was reported as 

positive (+), negative (-), or neutral (+/-).

a. This column indicates whether the fraction of the industry that is within the scope of this Final Rule is above or belowthe 

threshold value of 50 percent, with industries above the threshold demarcated with "+" and those below with "-."

b. This column indicates whether the industry is considered concentrated based on the HHI for each industry, with 

concentrated industries demarcated with "+" and unconcentrated or moderately concentrated industries demarcated with "-." 

Industries that have both concentrated and unconcentrated or moderately concentrated sectors are demarcated as "mixed."

c. This column indicates whether the import penetration ratio is above or below the threshold value of 28 percent, with 

industries below the threshold demarcated with "+" and those above with "-."

d. This column indicates whether the export dependence ratio is above or below the threshold value of 22 percent, with 

industries below the threshold demarcated with "+" and those above with "-."

e. This column indicates whether the long-term growth rate is above or below the threshold value of 2.46 percent, with 

industries below the threshold demarcated with "+" and those above with "-."

a. This column indicates whether capacity utilization in each industry, in 2010, is above or below the 

threshold value of 78.8 percent, with industries above the threshold demarcated with "+" and those 

below with "-."

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 CPT&FinTables 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Year Aluminum

Annual 

Change Chemicals

Annual 

Change

Food & 

Kindred 

Products

1987 54,402 n/a 354,898 n/a 1,082,300 

1988 56,505 3.9% 465,567 31.2% 1,347,000 

1989 57,082 1.0% 481,616 3.4% 1,327,900 

1990 57,525 0.8% 488,860 1.5% 1,351,500 

1991 57,627 0.2% 478,491 -2.1% 1,341,200 

1992 57,734 0.2% 470,126 -1.7% 1,382,500 

1993 56,330 -2.4% 462,125 -1.7% 1,395,800 

1994 53,821 -4.5% 454,225 -1.7% 1,391,400 

1995 54,100 0.5% 462,111 1.7% 1,400,300 

1996 54,257 0.3% 452,142 -2.2% 1,386,800 

1997 50,121 -7.6% 437,598 -3.2% 1,565,470 

1998 49,655 -0.9% 444,442 1.6% 1,565,407 

1999 48,743 -1.8% 452,547 1.8% 1,573,693 

2000 46,929 -3.7% 455,163 0.6% 1,599,585 

2001 43,358 -7.6% 448,030 -1.6% 1,595,160 

2002 40,085 -7.5% 459,451 2.5% 1,582,065 

2003 37,301 -6.9% 439,382 -4.4% 1,538,062 

2004 34,549 -7.4% 417,519 -5.0% 1,514,620 

2005 34,835 0.8% 412,389 -1.2% 1,508,006 

2006 34,316 -1.5% 398,181 -3.4% 1,487,276 

2007 35,750 4.2% 414,638 4.1% 1,541,750 

2008 34,621 -3.2% 406,068 -2.1% 1,516,819 

2009 28,532 -17.6% 378,691 -6.7% 1,471,227 

2010 28,704 0.6% 370,102 -2.3% 1,433,907 

Change 1990 to 2010 -50.1% -24.3%

Change 2000 to 2010 -38.8% -18.7%

Note: Reported sector-level employment data represents the summation of employment for profiled NAICS codes.

Total of MN Total of Prim MN %

10,507,146 2,142,289 20.39%

Total US Total of Prim MN %

 130,275,000 2,142,289 1.64%

Total US data is taken from BLS annual employment for 2010.

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 EmplData 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 EmplData 2
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Annual 

Change Paper

Annual 

Change Petroleum

Annual 

Change Steel

Annual 

Change

 n/a 219,389 n/a 74,600 n/a 252,543 n/a 

24.5% 220,445 0.5% 73,200 -1.9% 265,425 5.1%

-1.4% 219,675 -0.3% 72,400 -1.1% 260,313 -1.9%

1.8% 222,267 1.2% 71,900 -0.7% 258,369 -0.7%

-0.8% 220,785 -0.7% 73,900 2.8% 245,462 -5.0%

3.1% 222,077 0.6% 74,800 1.2% 238,829 -2.7%

1.0% 217,353 -2.1% 73,100 -2.3% 229,248 -4.0%

-0.3% 213,815 -1.6% 72,000 -1.5% 226,001 -1.4%

0.6% 211,179 -1.2% 70,400 -2.2% 224,716 -0.6%

-1.0% 207,835 -1.6% 67,200 -4.5% 220,625 -1.8%

12.9% 201,540 -3.0% 65,448 -2.6% 214,075 -3.0%

0.0% 195,053 -3.2% 64,920 -0.8% 212,875 -0.6%

0.5% 187,519 -3.9% 63,619 -2.0% 203,664 -4.3%

1.6% 179,280 -4.4% 62,118 -2.4% 206,332 1.3%

-0.3% 170,661 -4.8% 63,258 1.8% 188,488 -8.6%

-0.8% 158,857 -6.9% 62,540 -1.1% 173,705 -7.8%

-2.8% 148,092 -6.8% 60,010 -4.0% 160,914 -7.4%

-1.5% 136,646 -7.7% 60,004 0.0% 154,589 -3.9%

-0.4% 135,590 -0.8% 62,531 4.2% 145,866 -5.6%

-1.4% 127,931 -5.6% 60,855 -2.7% 142,721 -2.2%

3.7% 125,483 -1.9% 64,839 6.5% 157,027 10.0%

-1.6% 118,512 -5.6% 66,851 3.1% 156,856 -0.1%

-3.0% 113,473 -4.3% 65,462 -2.1% 136,897 -12.7%

-2.5% 110,055 -3.0% 63,263 -3.4% 136,259 -0.5%

6.1% -50.5% -12.0% -47.3%

-10.4% -38.6% 1.8% -34.0%

nt for profiled NAICS codes.

 1,200,000

 1,250,000

 1,300,000

 1,350,000

 1,400,000

 1,450,000

 1,500,000

 1,550,000

 1,600,000

 1,650,000

 -

 100,000

 200,000

 300,000

 400,000

 500,000

 600,000

199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010

Emplo

yees for the Fo

od &

Kindred Products

Sector

Emplo

yees for Aluminum, Chemicals, Paper,

Petroleum and Steel Sectors

Aluminum Chemicals Paper Petroleum Steel Food & Kindred Products

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 EmplData 3
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Aluminum Chemicals Paper Petroleum Steel Food & Kindred Products

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 EmplData 4
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 EmplData 5
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 EmplData 6
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Year Aluminum Chemicals

Food & 

Kindred 

Products Paper Petroleum Steel

1988 7.55% 8.98% 5.46% 7.48% 8.34% 1.82%

1989 6.37% 8.64% 4.19% 6.16% 7.30% 2.71%

1990 3.95% 7.90% 4.03% 4.19% 5.59% 0.99%

1991 1.51% 6.57% 4.79% 1.76% 3.84% -2.90%

1992 -1.88% 3.93% 4.25% 0.92% 1.11% -2.49%

1993 -0.87% 4.68% 3.72% -0.18% 4.87% -0.44%

1994 3.30% 8.28% 4.99% 3.61% 5.54% 3.82%

1995 6.72% 9.06% 5.44% 6.92% 4.92% 3.91%

1996 4.86% 9.63% 5.48% 3.90% 8.24% 2.39%

1997 4.89% 9.85% 5.52% 2.19% 9.21% 3.60%

1998 4.57% 9.78% 5.56% 2.85% 3.33% 2.37%

1999 4.15% 8.93% 6.36% 4.18% 6.20% 0.21%

2000 4.45% 8.92% 6.39% 4.03% 9.35% -1.25%

2001 2.54% 8.46% 5.51% 0.66% 7.57% -7.26%

2002 -1.63% 9.21% 7.56% 1.51% 4.11% -2.87%

2003 2.56% 10.68% 6.57% 1.65% 7.29% -4.05%

2004 8.17% 10.29% 7.71% 3.12% 9.35% 7.80%

2005 6.01% 12.61% 7.70% 2.91% 10.08% 7.59%

2006 8.83% 13.67% 7.98% 4.24% 10.70% 8.81%

2007 9.97% 13.03% 8.78% 3.86% 9.48% 6.40%

2008 -10.37% 11.88% 6.37% -1.90% 5.96% 3.94%

2009 1.26% 16.84% 8.14% 3.38% 5.11% -7.69%

2010 13.80% 13.14% 8.97% 5.68% 5.02% -0.90%

2011 9.83% 14.00% 7.39% 4.73% 7.67% 2.47%

2012 8.62% 13.83% 7.75% 4.31% 7.41% 3.09%

Change 1990 

to 2012 4.67% 5.93% 3.72% 0.12% 1.82% 2.10%

Avg. 1990-

2012 4.14% 10.22% 6.39% 2.98% 6.61% 1.20%

Year Aluminum Chemicals

Food & 

Kindred 

Products Paper Petroleum Steel

1988 15.21% 16.13% 13.72% 15.39% 10.19% 6.00%

1989 13.30% 15.12% 10.21% 11.71% 9.08% 6.86%

1990 7.75% 12.69% 10.27% 7.12% 8.39% 3.42%

1991 2.47% 9.97% 11.58% 3.30% 4.68% -4.28%

1992 -4.51% 5.44% 10.32% 1.63% 0.73% -4.85%

Net Profit Margin

Return on Total Capital

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 FinData 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

1993 -1.96% 6.36% 8.80% 1.00% 5.69% -0.61%

1994 6.62% 11.41% 11.77% 6.25% 6.37% 7.73%

1995 13.29% 12.48% 11.81% 12.85% 6.30% 8.30%

1996 9.72% 12.51% 12.43% 6.64% 12.06% 4.96%

1997 9.72% 12.53% 12.38% 3.32% 13.00% 7.19%

1998 8.19% 11.06% 11.76% 4.51% 3.59% 5.15%

1999 6.70% 10.44% 13.60% 6.59% 6.71% 1.18%

2000 7.35% 9.59% 13.54% 6.09% 16.12% -0.06%

2001 3.32% 9.67% 11.83% 1.74% 11.78% -6.29%

2002 -1.42% 10.88% 12.71% 1.30% 5.45% -3.49%

2003 3.08% 10.11% 10.72% 1.42% 11.53% -7.36%

2004 9.40% 9.99% 12.79% 4.36% 17.84% 17.09%

2005 8.03% 13.57% 13.31% 4.69% 20.19% 17.08%

2006 13.31% 13.72% 13.11% 7.90% 21.44% 19.56%

2007 10.76% 12.32% 13.14% 5.20% 17.73% 13.84%

2008 -11.96% 11.38% 10.47% -1.94% 14.94% 11.11%

2009 2.41% 11.53% 11.38% 5.37% 6.02% -9.81%

2010 13.33% 9.66% 12.25% 7.45% 6.88% -0.69%

2011 11.02% 11.13% 10.68% 6.61% 14.96% 4.95%

2012 6.60% 7.43% 7.99% 4.65% 11.04% 5.52%

Change 1990 

to 2012 -1.15% -5.26% -2.28% -2.47% 2.65% 2.10%

Avg. 1990-

2012 5.79% 10.69% 11.68% 4.70% 10.58% 3.90%

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 FinData 2
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

-15.00%

-10.00%

-5.00%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012

Net Profit Margin

Aluminum Chemicals

Food & Kindred Products Paper

Petroleum Steel

-15.00%

-10.00%

-5.00%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012

Return on T

otal Capital

Aluminum Chemicals

Food & Kindred Products Paper

Petroleum Steel

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 FinData 3
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Year Aluminum Chemicals

Food & 

Kindred 

Products Paper Petroleum Steel

1990 15.28% 10.04% 5.07% 15.70% 9.09% 15.18%

1991 14.09% 10.77% 4.92% 14.95% 7.83% 15.88%

1992 14.41% 11.29% 4.92% 14.61% 7.72% 15.37%

1993 18.11% 11.71% 4.72% 15.28% 7.82% 15.46%

1994 22.42% 12.83% 4.95% 15.02% 7.55% 18.81%

1995 21.96% 14.28% 5.01% 16.58% 6.79% 17.99%

1996 20.86% 15.55% 5.50% 16.27% 11.49% 18.79%

1997 21.84% 16.74% 4.97% 16.43% 12.54% 19.50%

1998 22.97% 17.82% 5.11% 16.90% 14.04% 22.73%

1999 23.97% 19.94% 5.52% 16.97% 14.41% 20.19%

2000 25.40% 22.38% 5.71% 18.28% 16.89% 22.89%

2001 25.79% 24.14% 5.73% 18.07% 16.29% 20.80%

2002 25.82% 24.20% 6.13% 17.19% 15.21% 21.20%

2003 27.25% 25.99% 6.41% 18.21% 16.19% 19.81%

2004 30.14% 26.26% 6.87% 19.69% 16.47% 25.30%

2005 32.51% 26.45% 7.11% 19.70% 16.64% 25.21%

2006 33.45% 26.80% 7.70% 19.58% 16.59% 28.07%

2007 31.55% 27.33% 7.72% 18.89% 16.17% 25.33%

2008 31.68% 30.27% 7.85% 18.96% 16.71% 27.10%

2009 32.14% 30.90% 7.30% 15.77% 15.60% 23.49%

2010 31.59% 30.86% 7.93% 17.06% 16.57% 23.23%

Change 1990 to 2010 16.31% 20.82% 2.86% 1.36% 7.48% 8.05%

Year Aluminum Chemicals

Food & 

Kindred 

Products Paper Petroleum Steel

1990 12.45% 14.87% 4.81% 10.63% 3.76% 4.95%

1991 14.44% 16.24% 5.20% 11.72% 4.37% 7.07%

1992 12.24% 15.54% 5.51% 12.43% 4.23% 5.68%

1993 11.48% 15.28% 5.56% 11.51% 4.34% 4.97%

1994 12.42% 16.41% 6.07% 12.22% 3.85% 4.74%

1995 13.80% 18.11% 6.54% 13.46% 3.92% 6.73%

1996 13.92% 17.85% 6.59% 13.65% 3.99% 6.04%

1997 14.48% 18.86% 5.71% 13.49% 4.34% 6.99%

1998 13.92% 18.27% 5.39% 12.30% 4.39% 6.68%

1999 13.89% 18.68% 5.18% 11.82% 3.99% 6.67%

2000 14.31% 19.84% 5.35% 12.96% 4.05% 7.61%

2001 13.92% 20.55% 5.46% 12.03% 4.04% 8.27%

2002 12.24% 19.30% 5.16% 10.82% 3.97% 7.66%

2003 12.67% 20.19% 5.14% 11.23% 4.10% 9.22%

2004 14.33% 21.43% 4.79% 11.62% 4.04% 7.81%

2005 15.29% 20.69% 5.05% 12.42% 3.93% 9.63%

2006 16.09% 21.46% 5.64% 12.82% 5.00% 9.69%

Import Penetration

Export Dependence

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 TradeData 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

2007 15.70% 22.31% 6.20% 14.20% 5.26% 10.51%

2008 17.16% 24.26% 7.15% 15.49% 7.88% 11.37%

2009 19.07% 25.36% 6.70% 14.75% 8.88% 13.96%

2010 18.23% 25.94% 7.58% 17.15% 10.25% 12.77%

Change 1990 to 2010 5.78% 11.07% 2.77% 6.51% 6.49% 7.82%

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 TradeData 2
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007

Import Penetration

Aluminum Chemicals Food & Kindred Products Paper Petroleum

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007

Export Dependence

Aluminum Chemicals Food & Kindred Products Paper Petroleum

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 TradeData 3
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 TradeData 4
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

200820092010

Steel

2007200820092010

Steel

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 TradeData 5
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Year Aluminum Chemicals

Food & 

Kindred 

Products Paper Petroleum Steel

1990 83 83 84 93 87 84 

1991 86 81 83 95 91 82 

1992 90 80 83 94 93 83 

1993 83 79 83 97 93 84 

1994 89 80 84 98 95 86 

1995 86 81 85 92 88 83 

1996 88 81 83 92 90 82 

1997 88 82 83 95 91 82 

1998 86 79 84 92 91 76 

1999 87 77 81 91 93 85 

2000 80 76 79 87 94 72 

2001 72 72 78 83 91 70 

2002 80 74 78 90 91 78 

2003 80 74 79 89 90 76 

2004 88 76 79 90 93 84 

2005 84 76 80 85 78 86 

2006 78 77 80 91 85 81 

2007 81 78 79 92 89 78 

2008 84 71 78 87 82 77 

2009 69 68 77 85 80 53 

2010 72 75 78 81 87 77 

Change 1990 to 2010 (%age points) (11) (8) (6) (12) 0 (7)

Note: Reported sector-level capacity utilization data represents the vos-weighted average of capacity 

utilization for profiled NAICS codes, except for Chemicals (325) and Petroleum (324110).

 50

 60

 70

 80

 90

 100

199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010

Capacity

Utilization

Aluminum Chemicals

Food & Kindred Products Paper

Petroleum Steel

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 CapUtilData 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Year Aluminum

Annual 

Change Chemicals

Annual 

Change

Food & 

Kindred 

Products

Annual 

Change

1987 $31,496 n/a #N/A n/a $408,584 n/a 

1988 $40,650 29.1% $273,905 #N/A $514,300 25.9%

1989 $39,057 -3.9% $286,970 4.8% $512,497 -0.4%

1990 $35,275 -9.7% $283,335 -1.3% $522,290 1.9%

1991 $31,535 -10.6% $276,388 -2.5% $507,082 -2.9%

1992 $30,944 -1.9% $279,726 1.2% $527,922 4.1%

1993 $27,563 -10.9% $274,761 -1.8% $534,254 1.2%

1994 $29,686 7.7% $289,602 5.4% $539,596 1.0%

1995 $35,494 19.6% $309,060 6.7% $552,471 2.4%

1996 $31,620 -10.9% $306,450 -0.8% $559,217 1.2%

1997 $33,149 4.8% $330,988 8.0% $643,879 15.1%

1998 $31,982 -3.5% $331,837 0.3% $645,784 0.3%

1999 $30,520 -4.6% $332,312 0.1% $633,691 -1.9%

2000 $30,300 -0.7% $347,083 4.4% $633,455 0.0%

2001 $26,329 -13.1% $332,534 -4.2% $642,347 1.4%

2002 $26,111 -0.8% $348,919 4.9% $638,055 -0.7%

2003 $24,707 -5.4% $372,240 6.7% $669,496 4.9%

2004 $27,590 11.7% $406,817 9.3% $684,390 2.2%

2005 $30,310 9.9% $443,980 9.1% $694,567 1.5%

2006 $35,201 16.1% $470,424 6.0% $676,672 -2.6%

2007 $35,242 0.1% $492,188 4.6% $719,524 6.3%

2008 $32,981 -6.4% $502,376 2.1% $766,377 6.5%

2009 $20,044 -39.2% $403,696 -19.6% $738,583 -3.6%

2010 $25,599 27.7% $462,154 14.5% $751,561 1.8%

Change 1990 to 2010 -27.4% 63.1% 43.9%

Change 2000 to 2010 -15.5% 33.2% 18.6%

Total of MN Total of Prim MN %

4,905,446,064 $2,039,630 0.04%

Value of Shipments (Million; $2011)

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 VOSData 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Paper

Annual 

Change Petroleum

Annual 

Change Steel

Annual 

Change

$93,457 n/a $206,690 n/a $90,208 n/a 

$104,103 11.4% $200,913 -2.8% $107,755 19.5%

$107,282 3.1% $213,746 6.4% $104,251 -3.3%

$102,641 -4.3% $250,072 17.0% $96,993 -7.0%

$94,142 -8.3% $220,269 -11.9% $84,916 -12.5%

$93,091 -1.1% $201,623 -8.5% $86,095 1.4%

$88,372 -5.1% $188,176 -6.7% $89,999 4.5%

$94,985 7.5% $182,484 -3.0% $98,723 9.7%

$119,563 25.9% $189,159 3.7% $103,695 5.0%

$101,949 -14.7% $215,472 13.9% $101,269 -2.3%

$95,827 -6.0% $212,535 -1.4% $103,007 1.7%

$95,337 -0.5% $156,502 -26.4% $100,494 -2.4%

$96,030 0.7% $188,351 20.4% $91,488 -9.0%

$99,444 3.6% $275,421 46.2% $90,038 -1.6%

$89,945 -9.6% $249,777 -9.3% $77,207 -14.3%

$86,663 -3.6% $239,468 -4.1% $77,682 0.6%

$82,267 -5.1% $269,383 12.5% $76,006 -2.2%

$83,889 2.0% $357,614 32.8% $110,833 45.8%

$85,505 1.9% $505,479 41.3% $116,067 4.7%

$86,669 1.4% $562,389 11.3% $124,001 6.8%

$85,958 -0.8% $618,962 10.1% $132,914 7.2%

$87,024 1.2% $764,795 23.6% $159,164 19.7%

$77,100 -11.4% $479,793 -37.3% $82,157 -48.4%

$81,015 5.1% $601,212 25.3% $118,089 43.7%

-21.1% 140.4% 21.7%

-18.5% 118.3% 31.2%

llion; $2011)

$0

$100,000

$200,000

$300,000

$400,000

$500,000

$600,000

$700,000

$800,000

199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010

Value of Shipments (Millions; $2011)

Aluminum Chemicals

Food & Kindred Products Paper

Petroleum Steel

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 VOSData 2
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Year Aluminum

Annual 

Change Chemicals

Annual 

Change

Food & 

Kindred 

Products

Annual 

Change Paper

1987 $8,595 n/a #N/A n/a $162,476 n/a $46,739

1988 $11,774 37.0% $143,420 #N/A $208,076 28.1% $54,480

1989 $10,066 -14.5% $150,097 4.7% $203,548 -2.2% $55,465

1990 $9,453 -6.1% $149,676 -0.3% $210,689 3.5% $50,899

1991 $8,232 -12.9% $144,281 -3.6% $208,726 -0.9% $45,433

1992 $9,238 12.2% $147,898 2.5% $222,453 6.6% $44,591

1993 $7,724 -16.4% $146,186 -1.2% $228,810 2.9% $41,100

1994 $8,787 13.8% $155,738 6.5% $232,043 1.4% $43,511

1995 $10,209 16.2% $164,397 5.6% $239,887 3.4% $61,157

1996 $9,103 -10.8% $156,068 -5.1% $232,425 -3.1% $48,708

1997 $9,518 4.6% $175,378 12.4% $257,439 10.8% $47,191

1998 $10,581 11.2% $182,834 4.3% $267,945 4.1% $48,116

1999 $11,004 4.0% $176,701 -3.4% $268,570 0.2% $48,804

2000 $8,128 -26.1% $173,456 -1.8% $272,466 1.5% $52,075

2001 $7,545 -7.2% $169,085 -2.5% $278,815 2.3% $46,579

2002 $7,948 5.3% $188,198 11.3% $286,526 2.8% $47,401

2003 $7,015 -11.7% $203,568 8.2% $300,329 4.8% $43,274

2004 $7,848 11.9% $223,228 9.7% $308,113 2.6% $43,712

2005 $8,190 4.4% $239,864 7.5% $314,092 1.9% $43,778

2006 $9,859 20.4% $244,969 2.1% $301,188 -4.1% $45,605

2007 $9,003 -8.7% $242,080 -1.2% $303,741 0.8% $43,596

2008 $8,086 -10.2% $231,946 -4.2% $301,812 -0.6% $42,558

2009 $4,138 -48.8% $210,502 -9.2% $311,893 3.3% $40,911

2010 $5,787 39.9% $229,291 8.9% $317,317 1.7% $41,574

Change 1990 to 2010 -38.8% 53.2% 50.6%

Change 2000 to 2010 -28.8% 32.2% 16.5%

Total of MN Total of Prim MN %

2,160,731,149 $716,758 0.03%

Value Added (Million; $2011)

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 VA 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Annual 

Change Petroleum

Annual 

Change Steel

Annual 

Change

 n/a $24,867 n/a $37,543 n/a 

16.6% $34,978 40.7% $43,517 15.9%

1.8% $35,159 0.5% $41,694 -4.2%

-8.2% $35,801 1.8% $37,663 -9.7%

-10.7% $29,991 -16.2% $30,985 -17.7%

-1.9% $28,267 -5.7% $33,147 7.0%

-7.8% $27,091 -4.2% $35,713 7.7%

5.9% $33,758 24.6% $39,170 9.7%

40.6% $33,308 -1.3% $40,812 4.2%

-20.4% $35,450 6.4% $40,254 -1.4%

-3.1% $41,362 16.7% $43,124 7.1%

2.0% $31,820 -23.1% $41,046 -4.8%

1.4% $41,140 29.3% $36,912 -10.1%

6.7% $46,806 13.8% $34,892 -5.5%

-10.6% $50,383 7.6% $27,375 -21.5%

1.8% $34,372 -31.8% $29,825 9.0%

-8.7% $47,010 36.8% $27,444 -8.0%

1.0% $65,627 39.6% $45,925 67.3%

0.2% $118,700 80.9% $45,476 -1.0%

4.2% $122,097 2.9% $45,701 0.5%

-4.4% $118,881 -2.6% $47,504 3.9%

-2.4% $80,536 -32.3% $53,783 13.2%

-3.9% $67,918 -15.7% $18,950 -64.8%

1.6% $83,267 22.6% $39,522 108.6%

-18.3% 132.6% 4.9%

-20.2% 77.9% 13.3%

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 VA 2
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Industry Compound Annual Growth Rate, 1990 to 2010

Aluminum -1.59%

Chemicals 2.48%

Food 1.84%

Paper -1.18%

Petroleum 4.48%

Steel 0.99%

U.S. Economy

a

2.46%

Long-Term Industry Growth

a. Long-term growth for the U.S. economy is based on GDP growth.

Source: U.S. DOC, 1988-1991, 1993-1996, 1998-2001, 2002-2004, and 

2005-2010 Annual Survey of Manufacturers; U.S. DOC, 1992, 1997, 

2002, and 2007 Economic Census; U.S. BEA, 2013.

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 L-TGrowth 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

4 5 6 7 8 9

Concentration Ratios

NAICS 

Code Year

Total 

Number of 

Firms

4 Firm

(CR4)

8 Firm

(CR8)

20 Firm

(CR20)

50 Firm

(CR50)

HerfindahlHirschman 

Index

Aluminum

331311 2007 12 90% 99% 100% NA NA

331312 2007 34 77% 95% 100% 100% 2,250

331314 2007 108 55% 66% 83% 96% 931

331315 2007 89 71% 87% 98% 100% 1,995

Chemicals

325110 2007 38 80% 94% 100% 100% 2,535

325120 2007 96 68% 88% 98% 100% 1,415

325131 2007 72 61% 77% 96% 100% 1,265

325181 2007 36 84% 96% 100% 100% 2,392

325188 2007 396 20% 33% 56% 79% 224

325199 2007 540 32% 43% 61% 80% 361

325211 2007 803 32% 47% 68% 85% 400

325221 2007 15 89% 99% 100% NA NA

325222 2007 88 70% 81% 93% 99% 2,071

325311 2007 137 61% 83% 92% 97% 1,136

325312 2007 50 83% 93% 98% 100% NA

325411 2007 385 54% 61% 75% 87% 1,424

325412 2007 763 35% 54% 76% 90% 457

Food & Kindred Products

311 2007 21355 15% 23% 38% 51% 102

3121 2007 3160 39% 52% 71% 83% 483

Paper

322110 2007 30 54% 82% 100% 100% 1,024

32212 2007 151 46% 62% 83% 96% 673

322130 2007 77 46% 68% 89% 99% 713

Petroleum

324110 2007 98 48% 73% 92% 100% 807

Steel

331111 2007 235 52% 67% 84% 95% 786

331112 2007 20 56% 83% 100% NA NA

331222 2007 237 25% 42% 62% 85% 297

331221 2007 120 31% 49% 71% 92% 402

331210 2007 134 34% 49% 70% 91% 436

Source: Economic Census, 2007 

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 ConcRatios 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Year Aluminum

Annual 

Change Chemicals

Annual 

Change

Food & 

Kindred 

Products

Annual 

Change Paper

1990 290 n/a 3942 n/a 18940 n/a 719

1991 305 5.3% 4086 3.7% 19001 0.3% 756

1992 298 -2.4% 4080 -0.1% 20111 5.8% 727

1993 275 -7.6% 4176 2.4% 20395 1.4% 706

1994 276 0.1% 4071 -2.5% 20088 -1.5% 724

1995 275 -0.4% 4137 1.6% 20059 -0.1% 726

1996 265 -3.5% 4287 3.6% 21163 5.5% 765

1997 255 -3.9% 4357 1.6% 21218 0.3% 657

1998 263 3.3% 4296 -1.4% 22689 6.9% 581

1999 286 8.7% 4306 0.2% 22625 -0.3% 592

2000 320 11.9% 4300 -0.1% 22650 0.1% 597

2001 338 5.6% 4289 -0.3% 23373 3.2% 606

2002 293 -13.3% 4233 -1.3% 22235 -4.9% 628

2003 306 4.4% 4406 4.1% 22955 3.2% 635

2004 328 7.2% 4443 0.8% 22889 -0.3% 649

2005 324 -1.2% 4419 -0.5% 22715 -0.8% 621

2006 333 2.8% 4433 0.3% 22682 -0.1% 597

2007 334 0.3% 4568 3.0% 29756 31.2% 551

2008 333 -0.3% 4961 8.6% 29810 0.2% 504

2009 326 2.1% 4782 -3.6% 28850 -3.2% 492

Change 1990 to 2009 12.4% 21.3% 52.3%

Change 2000 to 2009 1.9% 11.2% 27.4%

Year Aluminum

Annual 

Change Chemicals

Annual 

Change

Food & 

Kindred 

Products

Annual 

Change Paper

1990 235 n/a 2505 n/a 15135 n/a 371

1991 252 7.3% 2602 3.9% 15236 0.7% 413

1992 245 -2.8% 2638 1.4% 16284 6.9% 380

1993 228 -7.0% 2728 3.4% 16565 1.7% 379

1994 223 -2.1% 4055 48.6% 16271 -1.8% 394

1995 216 -2.9% 2686 -33.8% 16284 0.1% 384

1996 205 -5.1% 2810 4.6% 17381 6.7% 421

1997 199 -2.8% 2863 1.9% 17424 0.2% 344

1998 209 4.8% 2777 -3.0% 18793 7.9% 285

1999 228 9.1% 2758 -0.7% 18755 -0.2% 297

2000 257 12.7% 2766 0.3% 18800 0.2% 312

2001 277 7.8% 2793 1.0% 19518 3.8% 335

2002 240 -13.4% 2756 -1.3% 18412 -5.7% 358

2003 248 3.3% 2937 6.6% 19137 3.9% 327

2004 264 6.5% 2932 -0.2% 18203 -4.9% 349

2005 256 -3.0% 2966 1.2% 18113 -0.5% 329

2006 266 3.9% 3011 1.5% 18091 -0.1% 315

Number of Facilties

Number of Firms

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 FacFirm 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

2007 241 -9.4% 3122 3.7% 24979 38.1% 304

2008 232 -3.7% 3511 12.5% 24978 0.0% 279

2009 233 -0.4% 3402 -3.1% 24149 -3.3% 288

Change 1990 to 2009 -0.7% 35.8% 59.6%

Change 2000 to 2009 -9.3% 23.0% 28.5%

100

600

1100

1600

2100

2600

3100

3600

4100

4600

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Number of Facilities for Aluminum, Chemicals,

Paper, Petroleum and Steel Sectors

Aluminum Chemicals

100

600

1100

1600

2100

2600

3100

3600

4100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Number of Firms for Aluminum, Chemicals,

Paper, Petroleum and Steel Sectors

Aluminum Chemicals

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 FacFirm 2
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Annual 

Change Petroleum

Annual 

Change Steel

Annual 

Change

n/a 340 n/a 1237 n/a

5.3% 346 1.8% 1391 12.4%

-3.9% 303 -12.4% 1306 -6.1%

-2.9% 251 -17.2% 1244 -4.8%

2.6% 265 5.6% 1210 -2.7%

0.2% 251 -5.3% 1243 2.7%

5.4% 275 9.6% 1304 4.8%

-14.1% 248 -9.8% 1082 -17.0%

-11.6% 304 22.6% 1179 9.0%

1.9% 292 -3.9% 1526 29.4%

0.8% 298 2.1% 1936 26.9%

1.5% 302 1.3% 2313 19.5%

3.6% 349 15.6% 2129 -8.0%

1.1% 274 -21.5% 1704 -20.0%

2.2% 364 32.8% 1533 -10.0%

-4.3% 301 -17.3% 1555 1.4%

-3.9% 352 16.9% 1525 -1.9%

-7.7% 374 6.3% 1600 4.9%

-8.5% 311 -16.8% 1422 -11.1%

-2.4% 303 -2.6% 1233 -13.3%

-31.5% -10.9% -0.4%

-17.6% 1.7% -36.3%

Annual 

Change Petroleum

Annual 

Change Steel

Annual 

Change

n/a 215 n/a 1060 n/a

11.1% 215 0.0% 1120 5.6%

-7.8% 185 -14.0% 1042 -6.9%

-0.3% 148 -20.0% 966 -7.3%

3.9% 161 8.8% 940 -2.7%

-2.5% 150 -6.8% 976 3.8%

9.4% 173 15.3% 1030 5.5%

-18.2% 128 -26.0% 816 -20.7%

-17.1% 155 21.1% 897 9.9%

4.2% 145 -6.5% 1231 37.2%

5.1% 162 11.7% 1625 32.0%

7.4% 165 1.9% 1998 23.0%

6.9% 202 22.4% 1830 -8.4%

-8.7% 142 -29.7% 1442 -21.2%

6.7% 155 9.2% 1282 -11.1%

-5.7% 177 14.2% 1298 1.2%

-4.3% 228 28.8% 1276 -1.7%

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 FacFirm 3
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

-3.5% 258 13.2% 1340 5.0%

-8.2% 201 -22.1% 1165 -13.1%

3.2% 200 -0.5% 971 -16.7%

-22.5% -7.0% -8.4%

-7.7% 23.5% -40.2%

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Number of Facilities for the Fo

od &

Kindred

Products Sector

Chemicals Paper Petroleum Steel Food & Kindred Products

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Number of Firms for the Fo

od &

Kindred

Products Sector

Chemicals Paper Petroleum Steel Food & Kindred Products

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 FacFirm 4
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Number of 

Employees % Change

Value 

Added (MM 

2011$)

% Change

Labor Intensity 

(Number of 

Employees per 

MM 2011$)

% Change

1990 57,525 n/a $9,453 n/a 6.1 n/a

1991 57,627 0.2% $8,232 -12.9% 7.0 15.0%

1992 57,734 0.2% $9,238 12.2% 6.2 -10.7%

1993 56,330 -2.4% $7,724 -16.4% 7.3 16.7%

1994 53,821 -4.5% $8,787 13.8% 6.1 -16.0%

1995 54,100 0.5% $10,209 16.2% 5.3 -13.5%

1996 54,257 0.3% $9,103 -10.8% 6.0 12.5%

1997 50,121 -7.6% $9,518 4.6% 5.3 -11.7%

1998 49,655 -0.9% $10,581 11.2% 4.7 -10.9%

1999 48,743 -1.8% $11,004 4.0% 4.4 -5.6%

2000 46,929 -3.7% $8,128 -26.1% 5.8 30.3%

2001 43,358 -7.6% $7,545 -7.2% 5.7 -0.5%

2002 40,085 -7.5% $7,948 5.3% 5.0 -12.2%

2003 37,301 -6.9% $7,015 -11.7% 5.3 5.4%

2004 34,549 -7.4% $7,848 11.9% 4.4 -17.2%

2005 34,835 0.8% $8,190 4.4% 4.3 -3.4%

2006 34,316 -1.5% $9,859 20.4% 3.5 -18.2%

2007 35,750 4.2% $9,003 -8.7% 4.0 14.1%

2008 34,621 -3.2% $8,086 -10.2% 4.3 7.8%

2009 28,532 -17.6% $4,138 -48.8% 6.9 61.0%

2010 28,704 0.6% $5,787 39.9% 5.0 -28.1%

Total Percent Change (1990-2010)

Total Percent Change (2000-2010)

Average Annual Growth Rate (1990-2010)

-38.8% -28.8% -14.1%

-3.4% -2.4% -1.0%

Table 10‐1: Total Employment and Labor Intensity in the Aluminum Industries

Year

Number of Employeesa Value Addedb Labor Intensity

-50.1% -38.8% -18.5%

a. Total number of employees reported for primary (NAICS 331311 & 331312) and secondary (NAICS 331314 & 331315) stages of aluminum production. 

Includes full and part time, temporary and intermittent employees. Employee counts are not seasonally adjusted.

b. Value Added reported in the Economic Census (EC) and Annual Survey of Manufacturers (ASM) published by the U.S. Census Bureau.

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 EmplAlum 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Number of 

Employees % Change

Value 

Added (MM 

2011$)

% 

Change

Labor Intensity 

(Number of 

Employees per 

MM 2011$)

% Change

1990 488,860 n/a $149,676 n/a 3.3 n/a

1991 478,491 -2.1% $144,281 -3.6% 3.3 1.5%

1992 470,126 -1.7% $147,898 2.5% 3.2 -4.2%

1993 462,125 -1.7% $146,186 -1.2% 3.2 -0.6%

1994 454,225 -1.7% $155,738 6.5% 2.9 -7.7%

1995 462,111 1.7% $164,397 5.6% 2.8 -3.6%

1996 452,142 -2.2% $156,068 -5.1% 2.9 3.1%

1997 437,598 -3.2% $175,378 12.4% 2.5 -13.9%

1998 444,442 1.6% $182,834 4.3% 2.4 -2.6%

1999 452,547 1.8% $176,701 -3.4% 2.6 5.4%

2000 455,163 0.6% $173,456 -1.8% 2.6 2.5%

2001 448,030 -1.6% $169,085 -2.5% 2.6 1.0%

2002 459,451 2.5% $188,198 11.3% 2.4 -7.9%

2003 439,382 -4.4% $203,568 8.2% 2.2 -11.6%

2004 417,519 -5.0% $223,228 9.7% 1.9 -13.3%

2005 412,389 -1.2% $239,864 7.5% 1.7 -8.1%

2006 398,181 -3.4% $244,969 2.1% 1.6 -5.5%

2007 414,638 4.1% $242,080 -1.2% 1.7 5.4%

2008 406,068 -2.1% $231,946 -4.2% 1.8 2.2%

2009 378,691 -6.7% $210,502 -9.2% 1.8 2.8%

2010 370,102 -2.3% $229,291 8.9% 1.6 -10.3%

Total Percent Change (1990-2010)

Total Percent Change (2000-2010)

Average Annual Growth Rate (1990-

2010)

a. Total number of employees reported for Basic Chemicals (NAICS 3251), Resins and Synthetics (NAICS 3252), Pesticides and Fertilizers 

(NAICS 3253), and Pharmaceuticals (NAICS 3254). Includes full and part time, temporary and intermittent employees. Employee counts are not 

seasonally adjusted.

b. Value Added reported in the Economic Census (EC) and Annual Survey of Manufacturers (ASM) published by the U.S. Census Bureau.

-18.7% 32.2% -38.5%

-1.4% 2.2% -3.5%

-24.3% 53.2% -50.6%

Table 10‐1: Total Employment and Labor Intensity in the Chemicals and Allied Products Industry

Year

Number of Employeesa Value Addedb Labor Intensity

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 EmplChem 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Number of 

Employees % Change

Value 

Added (MM 

2011$)

% Change

Labor Intensity 

(Number of 

Employees per 

MM 2011$)

% Change

1990 1,351,500 n/a $210,689 n/a 6.4 n/a

1991 1,341,200 -0.8% $208,726 -0.9% 6.4 0.2%

1992 1,382,500 3.1% $222,453 6.6% 6.2 -3.3%

1993 1,395,800 1.0% $228,810 2.9% 6.1 -1.8%

1994 1,391,400 -0.3% $232,043 1.4% 6.0 -1.7%

1995 1,400,300 0.6% $239,887 3.4% 5.8 -2.7%

1996 1,386,800 -1.0% $232,425 -3.1% 6.0 2.2%

1997 1,565,470 12.9% $257,439 10.8% 6.1 1.9%

1998 1,565,407 0.0% $267,945 4.1% 5.8 -3.9%

1999 1,573,693 0.5% $268,570 0.2% 5.9 0.3%

2000 1,599,585 1.6% $272,466 1.5% 5.9 0.2%

2001 1,595,160 -0.3% $278,815 2.3% 5.7 -2.5%

2002 1,582,065 -0.8% $286,526 2.8% 5.5 -3.5%

2003 1,538,062 -2.8% $300,329 4.8% 5.1 -7.2%

2004 1,514,620 -1.5% $308,113 2.6% 4.9 -4.0%

2005 1,508,006 -0.4% $314,092 1.9% 4.8 -2.3%

2006 1,487,276 -1.4% $301,188 -4.1% 4.9 2.9%

2007 1,541,750 3.7% $303,741 0.8% 5.1 2.8%

2008 1,516,819 -1.6% $301,812 -0.6% 5.0 -1.0%

2009 1,471,227 -3.0% $311,893 3.3% 4.7 -6.1%

2010 1,433,907 -2.5% $317,317 1.7% 4.5 -4.2%

Total Percent Change (1990-

2010)

Total Percent Change (2000-

2010)

Average Annual Growth 

Rate (1990-2010)

a. Total number of employees reported for Food Manufacturing (321) and Beverage Manufacturing (3121). Includes full and part time, 

temporary and intermittent employees. Employee counts are not seasonally adjusted.

b. Value Added reported in the Economic Census (EC) and Annual Survey of Manufacturers (ASM) published by the U.S. Census Bureau.

-10.4% 16.5% -23.0%

0.3% 2.1% -1.7%

6.1% 50.6% -29.6%

Table 10‐1: Total Employment and Labor Intensity in the Food and Kindred Products Industry

Year

Number of Employeesa Value Addedb Labor Intensity

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 EmplFood 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Number of 

Employees % Change Value Added (MM 2011$) % Change Labor Intensity (Number of Employees per MM 2011$) % Change

1990 222,267 n/a $50,899 n/a 4.4 n/a

1991 220,785 -0.7% $45,433 -10.7% 4.9 11.3%

1992 222,077 0.6% $44,591 -1.9% 5.0 2.5%

1993 217,353 -2.1% $41,100 -7.8% 5.3 6.2%

1994 213,815 -1.6% $43,511 5.9% 4.9 -7.1%

1995 211,179 -1.2% $61,157 40.6% 3.5 -29.7%

1996 207,835 -1.6% $48,708 -20.4% 4.3 23.6%

1997 201,540 -3.0% $47,191 -3.1% 4.3 0.1%

1998 195,053 -3.2% $48,116 2.0% 4.1 -5.1%

1999 187,519 -3.9% $48,804 1.4% 3.8 -5.2%

2000 179,280 -4.4% $52,075 6.7% 3.4 -10.4%

2001 170,661 -4.8% $46,579 -10.6% 3.7 6.4%

2002 158,857 -6.9% $47,401 1.8% 3.4 -8.5%

2003 148,092 -6.8% $43,274 -8.7% 3.4 2.1%

2004 136,646 -7.7% $43,712 1.0% 3.1 -8.7%

2005 135,590 -0.8% $43,778 0.2% 3.1 -0.9%

2006 127,931 -5.6% $45,605 4.2% 2.8 -9.4%

2007 125,483 -1.9% $43,596 -4.4% 2.9 2.6%

2008 118,512 -5.6% $42,558 -2.4% 2.8 -3.3%

2009 113,473 -4.3% $40,911 -3.9% 2.8 -0.4%

2010 110,055 -3.0% $41,574 1.6% 2.6 -4.6%

Total Percent Change 

(1990-2010)

Total Percent Change 

(2000-2010)

Average Annual Growth 

Rate (1990-2010)

a. Total number of employees reported for Paper Mills (NAICS 322110), Pulp Mills (NAICS 32212), and Paperboard Mills (NAICS 322130) . Includes full and part 

time, temporary and intermittent employees. Employee counts are not seasonally adjusted.

b. Value Added reported in the Economic Census (EC) and Annual Survey of Manufacturers (ASM) published by the U.S. Census Bureau.

-38.6% -20.2% -23.1%

-3.5% -1.0% -2.5%

-50.5% -18.3% -39.4%

Table 10‐1: Total Employment and Labor Intensity in the Paper and Allied Products Industry

Year

Number of Employeesa Value Addedb Labor Intensity

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 EmplPaper 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Number of 

Employees % Change

Value 

Added (MM 

2011$)

% Change

Labor Intensity 

(Number of 

Employees per 

MM 2011$)

% Change

1990 71,900 n/a $35,801 n/a 2.0 n/a

1991 73,900 2.8% $29,991 -16.2% 2.5 22.7%

1992 74,800 1.2% $28,267 -5.7% 2.6 7.4%

1993 73,100 -2.3% $27,091 -4.2% 2.7 2.0%

1994 72,000 -1.5% $33,758 24.6% 2.1 -21.0%

1995 70,400 -2.2% $33,308 -1.3% 2.1 -0.9%

1996 67,200 -4.5% $35,450 6.4% 1.9 -10.3%

1997 65,448 -2.6% $41,362 16.7% 1.6 -16.5%

1998 64,920 -0.8% $31,820 -23.1% 2.0 28.9%

1999 63,619 -2.0% $41,140 29.3% 1.5 -24.2%

2000 62,118 -2.4% $46,806 13.8% 1.3 -14.2%

2001 63,258 1.8% $50,383 7.6% 1.3 -5.4%

2002 62,540 -1.1% $34,372 -31.8% 1.8 44.9%

2003 60,010 -4.0% $47,010 36.8% 1.3 -29.8%

2004 60,004 0.0% $65,627 39.6% 0.9 -28.4%

2005 62,531 4.2% $118,700 80.9% 0.5 -42.4%

2006 60,855 -2.7% $122,097 2.9% 0.5 -5.4%

2007 64,839 6.5% $118,881 -2.6% 0.5 9.4%

2008 66,851 3.1% $80,536 -32.3% 0.8 52.2%

2009 65,462 -2.1% $67,918 -15.7% 1.0 16.1%

2010 63,263 -3.4% $83,267 22.6% 0.8 -21.2%

Total Percent Change 

(1990-2010)

Total Percent Change 

(2000-2010)

Average Annual Growth 

Rate (1990-2010)

a. Total number of employees reported for Petroleum Refineries (NAICS 324110). Includes full and part time, temporary and intermittent 

employees. Employee counts are not seasonally adjusted.

b. Value Added reported in the Economic Census (EC) and Annual Survey of Manufacturers (ASM) published by the U.S. Census 

Bureau.

1.8% 77.9% -42.8%

-0.6% 4.3% -4.7%

-12.0% 132.6% -62.2%

Table 10‐1: Total Employment and Labor Intensity in the Petroleum Refining Industry

Year

Number of Employeesa Value Addedb Labor Intensity

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 EmplPetro 1
Record for the Final Section 316(b) Existing Facilities Rule

Number of 

Employees % Change

Value 

Added (MM 

2011$)

% Change

Labor Intensity 

(Number of 

Employees per 

MM 2011$)

% Change

1990 258,369 n/a $37,663 n/a 6.9 n/a

1991 245,462 -5.0% $30,985 -17.7% 7.9 15.5%

1992 238,829 -2.7% $33,147 7.0% 7.2 -9.0%

1993 229,248 -4.0% $35,713 7.7% 6.4 -10.9%

1994 226,001 -1.4% $39,170 9.7% 5.8 -10.1%

1995 224,716 -0.6% $40,812 4.2% 5.5 -4.6%

1996 220,625 -1.8% $40,254 -1.4% 5.5 -0.5%

1997 214,075 -3.0% $43,124 7.1% 5.0 -9.4%

1998 212,875 -0.6% $41,046 -4.8% 5.2 4.5%

1999 203,664 -4.3% $36,912 -10.1% 5.5 6.4%

2000 206,332 1.3% $34,892 -5.5% 5.9 7.2%

2001 188,488 -8.6% $27,375 -21.5% 6.9 16.4%

2002 173,705 -7.8% $29,825 9.0% 5.8 -15.4%

2003 160,914 -7.4% $27,444 -8.0% 5.9 0.7%

2004 154,589 -3.9% $45,925 67.3% 3.4 -42.6%

2005 145,866 -5.6% $45,476 -1.0% 3.2 -4.7%

2006 142,721 -2.2% $45,701 0.5% 3.1 -2.6%

2007 157,027 10.0% $47,504 3.9% 3.3 5.8%

2008 156,856 -0.1% $53,783 13.2% 2.9 -11.8%

2009 136,897 -12.7% $18,950 -64.8% 7.2 147.7%

2010 136,259 -0.5% $39,522 108.6% 3.4 -52.3%

Total Percent Change 

(1990-2010)

Total Percent Change 

(2000-2010)

Average Annual Growth 

Rate (1990-2010)

a. Total number of employees reported for Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing (NAICS 3311) and Steel Product 

Manufacturing from Purchased Steel (NAICS 3312). Includes full and part time, temporary and intermittent employees. Employee counts 

are not seasonally adjusted.

b. Value Added reported in the Economic Census (EC) and Annual Survey of Manufacturers (ASM) published by the U.S. Census 

Bureau.

-34.0% 13.3% -41.7%

-3.1% 0.2% -3.4%

-47.3% 4.9% -49.7%

Table 10‐1: Total Employment and Labor Intensity in the Steel Industry

Year

Number of Employeesa Value Addedb Labor Intensity

EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-DRAFT-3311 EmplSteel 1