science 

USGS

for a changing world

Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface 

Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, 

Columbia, Missouri—2000-02

Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4234

Prepared in cooperation with the 

Missouri Department of Conservation and 

City of Columbia

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey
Cover Photograph: Looking south across a wetland pool at the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, May 2002.
U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey

Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface 

Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, 

Columbia, Missouri—2000-02

By Brenda J. Smith

Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4234

Prepared in cooperation with the 

Missouri Department of Conservation and 

City of Columbia

Rolla, Missouri 

2003
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

GALE A. NORTON, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

CHARLES G. GROAT, Director

The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute 

endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.

For additional information write to:

District Chief

U.S. Geological Survey, WRD

1400 Independence Road

Mail Stop 100

Rolla, Missouri 65401

Copies of this report can be purchased from:

U.S. Geological Survey 

Information Services 

Box 25286, Building 810 

Denver Federal Center 

Denver, CO 80225-0286
CONTENTS

Abstact...................................................................._ 1

Introduction ................................................................................. 2

Purpose and Scope.................................................................................................................................................. 4

Study Area...........................................................TM 4

Previous Investigations..................................................TM 4

Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................................TM 6

Ground-Water FlowTM..TM...........TM......TM...........TM....TM....TM...TM.TM...TM....TMTMTM..........TM.TM 6

Methodology......................................................................................................TM^ 6

Monitoring Well and Staff-Gage Network Design.........................................................................TM............ 6

Ground- and Surface-Water Level Measurements ....................................................................................... 9

Lateral Flow Interpreted from Water-Table Maps.................................................................................................. 9

Vertical Ground-Water Flow .................................................................................................................................. 15

Differences in Pre- and Post-Development Water Levels...................................................................................... 16

Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction............................................................................................................................ 18

Summaty.................................................................TM 20

References........................................................................................................................................................................ 21

Contents
FIGURES

1. -2. Maps showing:

1. Location of McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri......................................................................... 3

2. Location of monitoring wells and staff gages.................................................................................... 5

3.-29. Maps showing altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer,:

3. October 12-13, 2000.......................................................................................................................... 25

4 November 6-7, 2000.......................................................................................................................... 27

5. December 6-15, 2000........................................................................................................................ 29

6. January 11-12, 2001.......................................................................................................................... 31

7. February 20-23, 2001........................................................................................................................ 33

8. March 19-20, 2001............................................................................................................................ 35

9. April 26-27, 2001.............................................................................................................................. 37

10. May 21-22, 2001............................................................................................................................... 39

11. June 27-28, 2001............................................................................................................................... 41

12. July 16-19, 2001................................................................................................................................ 43

13. August 27-29, 2001........................................................................................................................... 45

14. September 25-26, 2001..................................................................................................................... 47

15. October 16-17, 2001.......................................................................................................................... 49

16. November 5-6, 2001.......................................................................................................................... 51

17. December 3^, 2001.......................................................................................................................... 53

18. January 28-29, 2002.......................................................................................................................... 55

19. February 12-13, 2002........................................................................................................................ 57

20. March21-22, 2002............................................................................................................................ 59

21. April 29-30, 2002.............................................................................................................................. 61

22. May 20-21, 2002............................................................................................................................... 63

23. June 17-18, 2002............................................................................................................................... 65

24. July 15-16, 2002................................................................................................................................ 67

25. August 12-13, 2002........................................................................................................................... 69

26. September 9-10, 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 71

27. October 7-8, 2002.............................................................................................................................. 73

28. November 4, 2002.............................................................................................................................. 75

29. December 12, 2002............................................................................................................................ 77

30.-32. Graphs showing:

30. Altitude of the Missouri River at the U.S. Geological Survey gaging station at Boonville,

October 2000 through September 2001............................................................................................. 10

31. Departure from normal precipitation at the Columbia Regional Airport, 2000-02 .......................... 12

32. Altitude of the Missouri River at the U.S. Geological Survey gaging station at Boonville 

and water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-152, September 2001 through

December 11,2002............................................................................................................................ 14

33. Map showing pre-development altitude of the water table, July 1968 and August 1978................................ 17

34.^44. Hydrographs showing daily mean water-level altitude in monitoring well:

34. MW-104, August 31, 2001, through December 11, 2002.................................................................. 78

35. MW-107, August 31, 2001, through December 11, 2002.................................................................. 78

36. MW-111, August 31, 2001, through December 11,2002.................................................................. 79

37. MW-113, August 31, 2001, through December 11, 2002.................................................................. 79

38. MW-115, September?, 2001, through December 11, 2002 .............................................................. 80

39. MW-116, September 7,2001, through December 11, 2002 .............................................................. 80

40. MW-121, August 31, 2001, through December 11, 2002.................................................................. 81

41. MW-127, August 31, 2001, through December 11, 2002.................................................................. 81

42. MW-135, August 31, 2001, through December 11, 2002.................................................................. 82

43. MW-141, September 7, 2001, through December 11, 2002 .............................................................. 82

44. MW-143, September 7, 2001, through December 11, 2002.............................................................. 83

iv Contents
TABLES

1. S ite location and construction data for monitoring wells in the water-level monitoring network at

McBaine Bottoms..................................................................._ 7

2. -4. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells,:

2. October 12-13, 2000.......................................................................................................................... 24

3. November 6-7, 2000.......................................................................................................................... 26

4. December 6-15, 2000........................................................................................................................ 28

5.-28. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells and staff gages,:

5. January 11-12, 2001.......................................................................................................................... 30

6. February 20-23, 2001........................................................................................................................ 32

7. March 19-20, 2001............................................................................................................................ 34

8. April 26-27, 2001.............................................................................................................................. 36

9 May 21-22, 2001............................................................................................................................... 38

10. June 27-28, 2001............................................................................................................................... 40

11. July 16-19, 2001................................................................................................................................ 42

12. August 27-29, 2001........................................................................................................................... 44

13. September 25-26, 2001 ..................................................................................................................... 46

14. October 16-17, 2001.......................................................................................................................... 48

15. November 5-6, 2001.......................................................................................................................... 50

16. December 3-4, 2001.......................................................................................................................... 52

17. January 28-29, 2002.......................................................................................................................... 54

18. February 12-13,2002........................................................................................................................ 56

19. March 21-22, 2002............................................................................................................................ 58

20. April 29-30, 2002.............................................................................................................................. 60

21. May 20-21, 2002............................................................................................................................... 62

22. June 17-18, 2002............................................................................................................................... 64

23. July 15-16,2002................................................................................................................................ 66

24. August 12-13, 2002........................................................................................................................... 68

25. September 9-10, 2002 ....................................................................................................................... 70

26. October 7-8, 2002.............................................................................................................................. 72

27. November 4, 2002.............................................................................................................................. 74

28. December 12, 2002............................................................................................................................ 76

VERTICAL DATUM

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29). Altitude, as 

used in this report, refers to the distance above or below NGVD 29. NGVD 29 can be converted to the North American 

Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) by using the National Geodetic Survey conversion utility available at URL 

http: //www,,ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS /Vertcon/vertcon.html.

Contents

Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and SurfaceWater Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, 

Columbia, Missouri—2000-02

ByBrenda J. Smith

Abstract

McBaine Bottoms southwest of Columbia, 

Missouri, is the site of 4,269 acres of the Eagle 

Bluffs Conservation Area operated by the Missouri Department of Conservation, about 130 

acres of the city of Columbia wastewater-treatment wetlands, and the city of Columbia municipal-supply well field. The city of Columbia 

wastewater-treatment wetlands supply treated 

effluent to the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area.

The presence of a sustained ground-water 

high underlying the Eagle Bluffs Conservation 

Area has indicated that ground-water flow is 

toward the municipal well field that supplies 

drinking water to the city of Columbia. The U.S. 

Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation and the city of 

Columbia, measured the ground-water levels in 

about 88 monitoring wells and the surface-water 

elevation at 4 sites monthly during a 27-month 

period to determine the ground-water flow and the 

ground- and surface-water interaction at McBaine 

Bottoms.

Lateral ground-water flow was dominated 

by the presence of a ground-water high that was 

beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area and 

the presence of a cone of depression in the northern part of the study area. The ground-water high 

was present during all months of the study. 

Ground-water flow was radially away from the 

apex of the ground-water high; west and south of 

the high, flow was toward the Missouri River, east

of the high, flow was toward Perche Creek, and 

north of the high, flow was toward the north 

toward the city of Columbia well field. The cone 

of depression was centered around the city of 

Columbia well field. Another permanent feature 

on the water-level maps was a ground-water high 

beneath treatment wetland unit 1.

Although the ground-water high beneath the 

Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area was present 

throughout the study period, the configuration of 

the high changed depending on hydrologic conditions. Generally in the spring, the height of the 

ground-water high began to decrease and hydraulic gradients around the high became more shallow 

than in the winter months. In early summer, the 

high was the least pronounced. During mid-summer, the high became more pronounced, and it 

continued to become higher, increasing until it 

reached its maximum height in late fall or early 

winter. Fluctuations in the ground-water high were 

partially produced by the cycle of flooding of the 

Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area wetland pools in 

the fall and subsequent drainage so crops could be 

planted in many of the wetland pools.

The cone of depression in the northern part 

of the study area generally extended from the base 

of the ground-water high in the northern part of the 

Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area throughout the 

rest of the study area. The depth of the cone primarily was affected by the altitude of the Missouri 

River and the quantity of water being pumped 

from the alluvial aquifer by the city of Columbia 

well field.

Abstract 1
Ground-water flow in the alluvial aquifer in 

McBaine Bottoms in the late 1960's before the 

development of the city of Columbia well field and 

the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area was from 

northwest to southeast approximately parallel to 

the Missouri River. The ground-water high 

beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area and 

the cone of depression around the city of Columbia 

well field were not present in water-level maps for 

1968 and 1978.

The Missouri River can be a source of 

recharge to the alluvial aquifer. Generally the altitude of the river in the northern part of the study 

area was higher than the water table in the aquifer. 

Ground-water flow in this area was from the river 

into the alluvial aquifer. In the southern part of the 

study area adjacent to the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, the Missouri River was lower than the 

water table in the alluvial aquifer, indicating that 

the river was receiving water from the alluvial 

aquifer beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation 

Area.

INTRODUCTION

McBaine Bottoms, part of the Missouri River 

alluvial valley near McBaine (fig. 1), 7 miles southwest 

of Columbia, Missouri, is an 8.7-square-mile area 

bounded to the south and west by the Missouri River 

and to the north and east by Missouri River bluffs. In 

the McBaine Bottoms is the municipal-supply well 

field for the city of Columbia (hereinafter referred to as 

the city of Columbia well field), the city of Columbia 

wastewater-treatment wetlands (hereinafter referred to 

as treatment wetlands), and the Missouri Department of 

Conservation Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area. The city 

of Columbia treatment wetlands consist of four units 

with a total surface area of about 130 acres; the units 

were designed to treat an average flow of about 20 million gallons per day and peak flows of as much as 60 

million gallons per day (Richards, 1999). Wastewater 

entering the treatment wetlands consists of blended primary and secondary treated effluent from the city 

wastewater-treatment facility. The Missouri Department of Conservation agreed to accept the treated effluent from the treatment wetlands as the primary water 

source for a 1,300-acre managed wetland on the 4,269- 

acre Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area.

As of 2000, the population of the city of Columbia was 84,531 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). The city 

uses the alluvial aquifer in McBaine Bottoms for its 

municipal water supply and currently (2003) pumps 

water from seven well sites. The well sites are north of 

the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area and between the 

treatment wetlands and the Missouri River. Each well 

site consists of two, 4-foot diameter wells with pumps 

rated at approximately 2,000 gallons per minute. Wells 

were drilled through the entire thickness of the alluvium and into the underlying bedrock to a depth of 

about 100 feet.

Operation of the treatment wetlands began in late 

1994. The Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area began 

accepting treated effluent in 1994, but at that time flows 

generally were confined to a distribution canal that is 

immediately west of the gravel road shown on figure 1. 

Full wetland management at the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area began in late 1995. After effluent discharge 

began in 1994, a shallow monitoring well about 30 feet 

deep near treatment wetland unit 1 (fig. 1) began showing gradual but marked concentration increases of various water-quality constituents. Soon after, several 

wells on the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area began 

showing similar trends. The water-quality constituents 

showing the most substantial changes were sodium, 

potassium, calcium, sulfate, and chloride (Richards, 

1999).

Discharge from the city of Columbia treatment 

wetlands averaged about 24 cubic feet per second in 

1994 through 1998 (M.F. Knowlton and J.R. Jones, 

University of Missouri, Columbia, written commun., 

1999). From September through December 1999, a 

total of about 5,300,000 cubic feet per day of discharge 

from the treatment wetlands and water from the Missouri River was pumped onto the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area (M.F. Knowlton and J.R. Jones, written 

commun., 2001). This value is about 61 cubic feet per 

second each day and includes the approximate 24 cubic 

feet per second of discharge from the treatment wetlands.

The detection of increased concentration of several constituents indicated the possibility that contaminated ground water could migrate into the city of 

Columbia well field. However, the movement of 

ground water in the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area 

and surrounding area was not completely understood. 

Because of uncertainties regarding the ground-water 

flow, a study was begun in McBaine Bottoms in July

2 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 28' 92 24'

38 54'

3850'

EXPLANATION

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATERTREATMENT WETLAND UNIT

[ | EAGLE BLUFFS CONSERVATION AREA

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

City of 

Columbia 

municipalsupply 

well field

-Missouri

U_J

/ BOONE 

/ COUNTY

McBaine t 

Bottoms

I

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:24,000,1993 

Universal Transverse Mercator projection 

Zone 15

05 1 MILE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 1. Location of McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri.

Introduction
2000 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation 

with the Missouri Department of Conservation and the 

city of Columbia, to address these concerns.

Purpose and Scope

This report discusses vertical and lateral groundwater flow in McBaine Bottoms and assesses the 

ground- and surface-water interaction between 

McBaine Bottoms and the Missouri River and Perche 

Creek. Data were collected from October 2000 through 

December 2002.

This report provides data that can aid in the construction and calibration of a digital ground-water flow 

model to simulate ground-water flow in the area. The 

geohydrologic data were collected from a monitoring 

network consisting of monitoring wells and surfacewater staff gages (fig. 2).

Study Area

Land-surface altitudes in the study area range 

from 580 feet above the National Geodetic Vertical 

Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) in the northwestern part of 

the study area to 550 feet above NGVD 29 in the 

extreme southeastern part of McBaine Bottoms. A 

bluff west of McBaine Bottoms overlooks the Missouri 

River and the Missouri River alluvial plain. The altitude of the bluff is as much as 800 feet above the 

NGVD 29. A bluff also is present along the eastern 

edge of the study area overlooking Perche Creek. 

Numerous seeps have been observed along Perche 

Creek in the vicinity of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation 

Area (M.F. Knowlton, oral commun., 2002).

Unconsolidated sediment forming the Missouri 

River alluvium generally is composed of fine-grained 

silt and clay and coarse-grained sand. The maximum 

thickness of the alluvium is about 95 feet; the average 

saturated thickness is about 60 feet. Sand and gravel are 

present in the lower part of the alluvium (Emmett and 

Jeffery, 1969). During drilling of monitoring wells in 

the alluvial aquifer, a layer of blue-gray viscous clay 

was noted in several locations.

Previous Investigations

The city of Columbia drilled 24 observation 

wells in the area from the northern part of McBaine 

Bottoms south to the Missouri River. These wells,

drilled during the summer of 1967, completely penetrated the alluvium and generally were about 100 feet 

deep.

In 1968, the Layne-Western Company, Inc. 

(Nuzman, 1969) used an electric analog model to analyze ground-water flow in the McBaine Bottoms. Wells 

drilled in 1967 were used in the simulation. From an 

aquifer test, the transmissivity was about 58,000 feet 

squared per day; the hydraulic conductivity was computed to be about 1,000 feet per day, with an average 

value of 700 feet per day based on normal saturated 

thickness. Ground-water flow generally was north to 

south within McBaine Bottoms and nearly parallel to 

the flow of the Missouri River.

Foreman and Sharp (1981) used river altitude 

and water-level data, aquifer test analyses, and threedimensional simulations to investigate the hydrologic 

properties of the alluvial aquifer in McBaine Bottoms. 

Ground-water levels were primarily controlled by the 

altitude of the Missouri River and quantity of water 

pumped from the aquifer. Other factors affecting 

ground-water levels were recharge from precipitation, 

seepage into and out of streams, and recharge from the 

underlying bedrock. Average values of transmissivity 

were about 54,400 and 63,300 feet squared per day, and 

hydraulic conductivity values were 679 and 791 feet 

per day. Both were obtained from an aquifer test from 

a well and six piezometers that were completed in bedrock.

Metcalf & Eddy (1990) prepared a report on the 

hydrogeologic evaluation of future water supplies from 

the alluvium in McBaine Bottoms. In the report, city 

wells were recommended to be spaced 2,600 feet apart, 

and to be at least 1,600 feet from the Missouri River or 

the treatment wetlands to ensure no direct influence of 

surface water; travel times for treated effluent to reach 

simulated city wells (two scenarios—four well sets in 

the northern part of McBaine Bottoms and three well 

sets in the northern part of McBaine Bottoms and one 

set adjacent to the treatment wetlands) were estimated 

at 17.6 and 15.4 years. Infiltration rates based on soil 

types and borehole data were estimated for the wetlands; the rates ranged from 0.000833 to 0.00166 foot 

per day.

CH2M Hill (1996) evaluated future water-supply 

sources for the city of Columbia. Several alternative 

water-supply sources were discussed, including the 

expansion of the existing well field in McBaine Bot4 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 28' 92 24

38 54'

3850'

EXPLANATION

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATERTREATMENT WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

MONITORING WELL AND IDENTIFIER—R indicates 

that well is equipped with a continuous water-level 

recorder

STAFF GAGE AND IDENTIFIER

MW1-2A.B

MW-131 

• I 

Creek upper

MW1-3A.B 

MW-139

MW4-1A.B

, * .MW-107 R. 

-110 *R MW-104

, I0r, 0 _0 p. MW-102 SP4 USGS-3S.D

0.5 1 MILE

Figure 2. Location of monitoring wells and staff gages. 0.5 1 KILOMETER

Introduction
toms, obtaining water from the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, and using surface water from the Missouri 

River.

The U.S. Geological Survey has collected waterquality samples and measured the water level in monitoring wells in McBaine Bottoms since August 1992 

(Richards, 1995,1999, 2002). Samples were collected 

and measurements were made quarterly and semiannually. Samples from wells were analyzed for physical properties, major ions, nutrients, and trace elements. Selected samples were analyzed for volatile 

organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, 

organochlorine compounds, and pesticides.

The U.S. Geological Survey has operated continuous streamflow gaging stations to determine the stage 

of the Missouri River. Upstream from McBaine Bottoms, the gaging station at Boonville (station number 

06909000), about 20 river miles upstream, has been 

collecting data since 1925, downstream at Jefferson 

City (stage only) since about 1940, and at Hermann 

(station number 06934500), about 80 river miles downstream, since 1897. From October 2000 through September 2001, the annual mean discharge at Boonville 

was 72,900 cubic feet per second and at Hermann was 

85,200 cubic feet per second (Hauck and Nagel, 2002).

Acknowledgments

The author acknowledges the cooperation of the 

Missouri Department of Conservation and the Missouri 

Department of Natural Resources for permission to 

install monitoring wells on public land. The author 

thanks John S. Williamson, Jr. for permission to install 

monitoring wells on private land. Without this cooperation, the data could not have been collected. The 

author also thanks numerous individuals who assisted 

in data collection efforts—personnel at the city of 

Columbia Water Treatment Plant including John E. 

Betz and Barry Kirchhoff; Joel Gambill and Craig J. 

Cuvellier of the Columbia Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant; the former Manager of Water Operations 

Donald R. Sisson; and James Loveless and Tim James, 

Missouri Department of Conservation.

GROUND-WATER FLOW

The distinct boundary between the bedrock at 

land surface and bluffs along the Missouri River adjacent to the Missouri River alluvial plain and the presence of the Missouri River, smaller tributary streams, 

the thick alluvial deposits, the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, the treatment wetlands, and the city of 

Columbia well field add to the complexity of groundwater flow in McBaine Bottoms. Because of the combined effects of these factors, the movement of ground 

water was not well understood. Therefore, a monitoring 

well and staff-gage network was designed to determine 

both the lateral and vertical ground-water flow directions for the area.

Methodology

The monitoring well and staff-gage network (fig. 

2) was designed to monitor water levels at various 

depths (as deep as 60 feet) in the alluvial aquifer and in 

the underlying bedrock (about 100 feet deep) and in 

surface-water bodies. This section describes techniques 

and the rationale that were used to create the network 

and collect the data. The network was designed to be 

flexible and monitor ground- and surface-water levels 

throughout differing seasonal and hydrologic conditions.

Monitoring Well and Staff-Gage Network Design

Monitoring wells and staff gages were installed 

by U.S. Geological Survey personnel in 2000 for the 

study described in this report. Because monitoring 

wells already existed in parts of the study area, the 

monitoring network was designed to incorporate these 

existing wells. Construction data for monitoring wells 

that were installed by the U.S. Geological Survey for 

this study are summarized in table 1; construction data 

for existing monitoring wells that were incorporated 

into the network are included in Richards (1995).

Monitoring wells installed by U.S. Geological 

Survey personnel specifically for this study were 

drilled with hollow-stem augers and ranged from 22 to 

40 feet deep. These depths were selected so that the 

bottom of the well screen would not extend more than 

about 5 feet below the lowest expected water level.

The well riser pipe and screen consisted of flushwall, 2-inch nominal schedule 40 polyvinyl chloride 

pipe with O-rings inserted at each pipe joint. The slot 

size used for the screen was 0.010 inch. A natural filter 

pack was used around the well screen to a depth of 

about 5 feet above the screen. The filter pack was 

formed by allowing the alluvium around the auger 

flights to collapse around the screen as the augers were

6 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
Table 1. Site location and construction data for monitoring wells in the water-level monitoring 

network at McBaine Bottoms

[dddmmss, degrees, minutes, seconds; ft, feet; NGVD 29, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929]

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-101

MW-102

MW-103

MW-104

MW-105

MW-106

MW-107

MW-108

MW-109

MW-110

MW-111

MW-112

MW-113

MW-114

MW-115

MW-116

MW-117

MW-118

MW-119

MW-120

MW-121

MW-122

MW-123

MW-124

MW-125

MW-126

MW-127

MW-128

MW-129

MW-130

MW-131

MW-132

MW-133

MW-134

MW-135

MW-136

Latitude Reference-point 

Longitude altitude 

(ddmmss dddmmss) (ft above NGVD 29)

3850540922519

385055 0922605

385105 0922544

385131 0922544

385141 0922552

3851360922603

3851300922615

3851160922601

3851150922644

3851300922651

3851500922701

3851460922632

3851330922706

385055 0922633

3852080922616

3851560922632

3851530922707

385204 0922725

385205 0922705

3852260922731

385235 0922646

385235 0922705

385239 0922740

385256 0922749

385256 0922805

385255 0922710

385240 0922632

385251 0922624

385307 0922701

385309 0922639

385324 0922640

3853130922705

3853100922726

385306 0922745

385257 0922822

3853100922810

572.63

573.53

572.33

572.05

569.97

571.09

574.38

574.23

573.27

576.57

576.81

572.05

576.54

574.51

570.94

568.94

575.27

570.02

575.68

573.83

576.08

578.42

576.24

581.14

579.12

575.31

574.21

570.70

575.21

570.44

576.37

574.10

582.47

580.01

575.82

574.73

Total depth 

(ft)

30

30

30

35

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

35

30

35

30

35

35

35

35

35

30

35

35

35

35

35

35

35

35

35

30

40

35

30

35

Depth to top 

of screen 

(ft)

20

20

20

25

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

25

20

25

20

25

25

25

25

25

20

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

20

30

25

20

25

Ground-Water Flow
Table 1. Site location and construction data for monitoring wells in the water-level monitoring 

network at McBaine Bottoms—Continued

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-137

MW-138

MW-139

MW-140

MW-141

MW-142

MW-143

MW-144

MW-145

MW-146

MW-147

MW-148

MW-149

MW-150

MW-151

MW-152

MW-153

MW-154

MW-155

Latitude Reference-point 

Longitude altitude 

(ddmmss dddmmss) (ft above NGVD 29)

3853140922822

3853170922801

385320 0922733

385337 0922657

385343 0922649

385400 0922628

385351 0922623

385336 0922753

3853340922818

3853490922810

385349 0922755

3851150922542

385358 0922752

385408 0922723

3854100922739

385407 0922822

385421 0922826

3853390922716

385350 0922729

577.65

581.44

581.58

576.58

577.27

580.62

574.74

578.77

578.16

577.56

579.58

572.05

579.12

582.45

587.05

574.26

578.36

578.66

578.86

Total depth 

(ft)

35

35

35

30

30

30

30

35

35

35

35

35

35

22

35

35

35

30

35

Depth to top 

of screen 

(ft)

25

25

25

20

20

20

20

25

25

25

25

25

25

12

25

25

25

20

25

slowly removed from the hole. The bentonite seal and 

annular seal were installed by placing bentonite chips 

above the filter pack and hydrating the bentonite in 

place to the base of the protective casing. Each well 

was secured with a metal protective casing that 

extended about 3 feet above land surface.

Because small hydraulic-head differences in 

monitoring wells and a shallow water-table gradient 

were expected in the alluvial aquifer, all wells in the 

network were surveyed using global positioning system (GPS) to determine a reference-point altitude and 

location (table 1). The altitude of the reference point 

was determined to be accurate within 0.10 foot. The 

reference point was marked on the top of the casing at 

each well, and all subsequent water-level measurements were made from the indicated point.

Thirty-four existing monitoring wells were used 

to measure the water-table altitude near wetland treatment units 1,2, and 3 (fig. 1) and in the southern part 

of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area. Twenty-six of 

these wells were in well pairs; the well pairs are identified with the suffix A, B, S, or D. For each well pair, the 

shallow well (identified by A or S) was about 30 feet 

deep and the deep well (identified by B or D) was about 

60 feet deep. The rest of these wells were single monitoring wells; USGS-1 and USGS-6 were about 30 feet 

deep, SP11 was 35 feet deep, USGS-4 and USGS-7 

were about 60 feet deep, and wells MW13-67, MW28- 

67, and SP4 were drilled to bedrock at a depth of about 

100 feet. Wells around treatment wetland units 1,2, and 

3 and wells MW4-1A and IB, MW4-2A and 2B, 

MW13-67, SP4, SP11, and MW28-67 were drilled by 

the city of Columbia, whereas all other wells were 

drilled by the U.S. Geological Survey.

Staff gages were installed on surface-water bodies to monitor stage (the height of the water surface of 

the stream above NGVD 29) and provide data for comparison with ground-water levels in the alluvial aquifer. 

Staff gages along the Missouri River and Perche Creek 

were installed to help assess the potential for movement between ground water and surface water in the 

alluvial aquifer in the study area. A gage was installed

8 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
along the Missouri River in the northern part of the 

study area (fig. 2, river upper) along a bank adjacent to 

the river by installing 0.5-inch steel bars at intervals in 

the bank and surveying the altitude of the points. In the 

southern part of the study area, a staff gage was incorporated using sheet pilings that had been placed on the 

bank of the river in conjunction with riprap (fig. 2, river 

lower). This gage is adjacent to the site of a pump station along the river. The altitude of Perche Creek was 

measured using a steel tape from a bridge over the 

creek on the Katy Trail at McBaine (fig. 2, creek 

upper). The Missouri Department of Conservation boat 

ramp was used to determine the altitude of Perche 

Creek (fig. 2, creek lower) in the southern part of the 

study area. The boat ramp was calibrated by surveying 

the altitude of expansion joints in the concrete ramp 

and constructing a table for interpolation of stage based 

on the water-surface distance from a specific expansion 

joint.

Ground- and Surface-Water Level Measurements

Monthly water-level measurements were made 

in monitoring wells and at staff gages in the study area 

from October 2000 through December 2002 (tables 2- 

28, at the back of this report). This period included conditions of low and high Missouri River stage, flooding 

and draining of pools at the Eagle Bluffs Conservation 

Area, and varying quantities of local precipitation. The 

water-level measurements were made from the reference point using an electric tape that was read to the 

nearest 0.01 foot. Water-level measurements generally 

were made on 2 consecutive days, except in December

2000 (10 days during which the reference-point altitude of the wells was surveyed), February and July

2001 (4 days), August 2001 (3 days), and November 

and December 2002 (1 day). Water-table maps (figs. 3- 

29, at the back of this report) were constructed for each 

set of water-level measurements.

Water-level measurements used for the watertable maps did not include water levels from the wells 

completed in bedrock (SP4, MW13-67, and MW28- 

67). For well pairs, the water level for the shallow well 

(depth of about 30 feet) was used in the construction of 

the water-table maps. The depth of the shallow wells 

was similar to the depth of the 55 wells installed 

throughout the study area by the U.S. Geological Survey in 2000. A few exceptions included the use of the 

water level in the deep well USGS-9D for March 

through June 2001 and October 2001 when shallow 

well USGS-9S could not be measured; deep well

MW1-3B in December 2001; deep well MW4-1B in 

June 2002; and deep well USGS-5D in July 2002. During the study period, the water levels in deep wells generally were within 0.25 foot of the water levels in the 

adjacent shallow wells.

Twelve monitoring wells were instrumented with 

continuous recorders to monitor daily water-table fluctuations. The recorders were installed in the fall of 

2001 and were used until the end of the study in 

December 2002. The recorder within each well was a 

vented pressure transducer with an accuracy of 0.01 

foot. Time and water levels were recorded every 4 

hours by a data logger. Water-level recordings were 

checked with monthly manual measurements made 

using an electric water-level measuring tape divided 

into increments of 0.01 foot.

Lateral Flow Interpreted from Water-Table 

Maps

The water-level measurements were collected 

during 27 months from October 2000 through December 2002. Observing the resulting water-table maps in 

chronological order provides insight about the response 

of water levels in the alluvial aquifer to changing 

hydrologic conditions.

All of the water-table maps display certain similarities. Generally, recharge to the aquifer was from 

precipitation that infiltrated through the root zone and 

percolated to the water table. Induced recharge from 

the Missouri River caused by pumpage from the city of 

Columbia well field occurred along much of the northern one-half of the study area. In the southern part of 

the study area, recharge occurred from infiltration of 

water through the bottom of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area wetland pools.

A ground-water high was apparent in the southern one-half of the study area beneath the Eagle Bluffs 

Conservation Area throughout the entire study period. 

Flow was radially away from the center of the high. 

Northerly flow was toward the city of Columbia well 

field, the westerly, southerly, and southeasterly flow 

was toward the Missouri River, and easterly flow was 

toward Perche Creek. This ground-water high was 

noted in 1992 before the wastewater effluent from the 

treatment wetlands was used on the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area and has been a persistent feature since 

the wastewater effluent has been used (Richards, 

2002).

Lateral Flow Interpreted from Water-Table Maps
Ground-water flow in the extreme northeastern 

part of the study area was to the southwest away from 

the city of Columbia treatment wetland unit 1. The 

water surface was higher beneath the treatment wetland 

than beneath other parts of the study area, possibly 

caused by infiltration of surface water from the wetland 

unit into the underlying ground-water system.

Lateral ground-water flow was dominated by the 

presence of a ground-water high beneath the Eagle 

Bluffs Conservation Area and the presence of a cone of 

depression in the northern part of the study area. The 

ground-water high was present during all months of the 

study. Ground-water flow was radially away from the 

apex of the ground-water high; west and south of the 

ground-water high, flow was toward the Missouri 

River, east of the ground-water high, flow was toward 

Perche Creek, and north of the ground-water high, flow 

was to the north toward the city of Columbia well field. 

The cone of depression was centered around the city of 

Columbia well field. Flow toward the well field was 

from the south in the vicinity of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, from the west from the Missouri River,

flow from the north downgradient through the alluvial 

aquifer, from the northeast beneath treatment wetland 

unit 1, and from the east through the alluvial aquifer in 

the vicinity of Perche Creek.

In October 2000, water levels were measured in 

53 wells, in November 2000, 71 wells, in December 

2000, 82 wells, and in January 2001, 77 wells. Water 

levels in December 2000 were measured during the 10 

days when the reference point for each well was being 

surveyed. This is a considerable time in an alluvial 

environment where water-level fluctuations generally 

are rapid, and the time frame is a consideration for 

interpreting the water levels. During that time, the altitude of the Missouri River was fairly constant (fig. 30), 

and precipitation at the Columbia Regional Airport was 

about 0.45 inch (0.34 inch was recorded on December 

13; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2000b). The airport is about 10 miles east of the 

study area. All precipitation values in this report are 

from this station. Pumpage from the city of Columbia 

well field was constant and the same wells were 

pumped.

600

595

w 590 

Q

O

LLJ

O 585

580

575

570

565

I I I I I I I I

I_____I J____\_____I____I I_____I

Oct Nov Dec 

2000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 

2001

Figure 30. Altitude of the Missouri River at the U.S. Geological Survey gaging station 

at Boonville, October 2000 through September 2001.

10 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
Water-level altitudes during these 4 months 

(tables 2-5, figs. 3-6) showed that lateral ground-water 

flow in the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area was north 

and northwest from an area of highest measured altitude, which was about 565 to 567 feet from October 

through December and about 558 feet in January. 

Water-table contours indicated that the hydraulic gradient from the area of highest measured altitude in the 

Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area increased from October to December, but decreased in January. The 

increased hydraulic gradient can be attributed to the 

flooding of the wetland pools in the fall to support the 

annual migratory bird population. Measured water levels decreased in January throughout the northern part of 

the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area by as much as 9 

feet. The decrease in water levels probably reflected the 

drainage of the wetland pools.

North of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, 

ground-water flow was radially toward the northern 

one-half of McBaine Bottoms. Near Perche Creek in 

the northeast part of the study area, the ground-water 

flow direction as interpreted from water-table contours 

was to the southwest in the vicinity of treatment wetland unit 1, where a ground-water high existed (Richards, 2002). Water from this area flowed from a waterlevel altitude of about 575 feet in October and November and about 570 feet in December and January. The 

water-table altitude in monitoring well MW-140 (fig. 

2) was about 3 feet higher than that in monitoring well 

MW-141, which is immediately to the northeast of 

monitoring well MW-140. The high water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-140 probably reflected 

perched water that was trapped by lenses of sticky, 

blue-gray clay encountered in the borehole during drilling. The low permeability clay impedes the downward 

movement of infiltrated precipitation that recharges the 

alluvial aquifer, causing a small mound of ground 

water to form. The relation of water levels in these two 

wells remained constant throughout this study.

Along the northern extent of the Missouri River 

in the study area, ground-water flow was to the southeast. Ground-water flow along the Missouri River in 

the center of the study area was to the east and northeast. The hydraulic gradient in the vicinity of the city of 

Columbia well field in October and November was 

similar and decreased in December and January. Localized depressions in the water-table surface were present 

in the cone of depression beneath the city of Columbia 

well field. The small depressions occurred because 

large quantities of ground water were pumped from the

alluvial aquifer by high-capacity wells in the city of 

Columbia well field. The location of the ground-water 

depressions generally coincided with the centroid of 

wells that were being pumped. Precipitation in September, November, and December was more than 1 inch 

less than normal (fig. 31) and in October was slightly 

greater than normal. In January, water levels were measured before most of the precipitation of the month 

occurred (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2000a, 2000b) at the climatological station at 

the Columbia Regional Airport.

In February 2001, additional water levels were 

measured in the southern one-half of the Eagle Bluffs 

Conservation Area. Water levels indicated that the 

ground-water high extended beneath most of the Eagle 

Bluffs Conservation Area (table 6, fig. 7). The apex of 

the mound was in the central part of the Eagle Bluffs 

Conservation Area adjacent to Perche Creek. The high 

was asymmetrical and truncated along the bluffs that 

form the eastern edge of the floodplain along Perche 

Creek. To the west and south of the apex, the groundwater high sloped steeply, especially to the west toward 

the Missouri River. The hydraulic gradient in the northern part of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area slightly 

increased from January to February, and the measured 

water levels increased about 7 feet in the vicinity of 

monitoring well MW-101 (fig. 2). Localized depressions observed around city wells in January were not 

evident. Instead, a broad depression (enclosed by the 

552-foot contour) was mapped in the city of Columbia 

well field. Precipitation in February was more than 2 

inches greater than normal (National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration, 2001). The altitude of the 

Missouri River increased about 11 feet immediately 

before water levels were measured in February.

The ground-water high beneath the Eagle Bluffs 

Conservation Area was similar for March, April, May, 

and June 2001 (tables 7-10, figs. 8-11). This period corresponded to the time when the quantity of water in the 

Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area is decreased because 

the seasonal migration of waterfowl is over, preparations have been made for spring planting, and crops 

were growing in some of the wetland pools. The relief 

of the ground-water high was small during these 

months as was the gradient. In June the ground-water 

high beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area was 

poorly defined in the northern part of the Eagle Bluffs 

Conservation Area. Water-table contours indicated that 

the Missouri River was supplying water to the alluvial 

aquifer in the northern one-half of the Eagle Bluffs

Lateral Flow Interpreted from Water-Table Maps 11
6.00

5.00

LU 2.00 

IT

Q.

1.00

n U

n n

fl n

-1.00

-2.00 n_i

-3.00 S O N D 

2000

JFMAMJ JASONDlJFMAMJ JASOND

2001 2002

Figure 31. Departure from normal precipitation at the Columbia Regional Airport, 2000-02 (data from the National 

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2000-02).

Conservation Area. At the time water-level measurements were made, the Missouri River was receding 

from its highest water level during the entire month 

(fig. 30). Measured water levels in March in the Eagle 

Bluffs Conservation Area generally had increased from 

those measured in February. In April and May, measured water levels generally were comparable to those 

measured in March, but in June they tended to increase 

slightly.

Beginning in March 2001, the hydraulic gradient 

associated with the cone of depression around the city 

of Columbia well field increased and was similar in 

April, May, and June. Measured water levels in wells 

adjacent to the Missouri River increased as much as 10 

feet in March from those measured in February; the 

water level in wells adjacent to the Missouri River west 

of the well field were more than 10 feet higher than 

those in wells in the center of the study area west of 

McBaine (fig. 1). Water levels were measured during 

the falling limb of the hydrograph of the Missouri

River; however, the altitude of the water in the river had 

increased from that of the previous months (fig. 30). 

The altitude of the Missouri River in June 2001 was 

reflected in water levels that were the highest measured 

to date in wells along the river and in the northern onehalf of the study area. The ground-water high beneath 

treatment wetland unit 1 was especially pronounced 

because of the high water levels.

The ground-water high beneath the Eagle Bluffs 

Conservation Area appeared to be in transition in July, 

August, and September 2001 (tables 11-13, figs. 12- 

14). This period corresponded to the time between the 

draining of the wetland pools in the spring and the subsequent re-flooding of the pools in the fall. Measured 

water levels decreased in wells in the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area from about 3 to 5 feet from June to July. 

Measured water levels decreased slightly from July to 

August and generally were similar in August and September. The relief of the ground-water high was moderate—less than in the fall of 2000 and early winter of

12 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
2001, but more than in the preceding summer months. 

In July, the hydraulic gradient of the ground-water high 

was steep to the southwest toward the Missouri River 

and flattened toward the north; however, in August and 

September, the hydraulic gradient became uniform 

from the ground-water high toward the Missouri River 

on the south and southwest.

Around the city of Columbia well field, the cone 

of depression in July 2001 became separated into two 

areas—in the northwestern part of the study area 

around two of the city of Columbia public-supply wells 

and in the east-central part of the study area around 

Perche Creek where water levels in both areas were less 

than 560 feet. In August 2001, the cone of depression 

in the vicinity of the city of Columbia well field had 

shifted to the southwest from that of the preceding 

month and was centered south of Perche Creek. A 

localized area of drawdown was centered around a public-supply well in the northern part of the study area 

adjacent to the paved road. Localized changes were 

noted around the cone of depression in September in 

the vicinity of some of the public-supply wells. The 

changes in the cone of depression likely reflect changes 

in pumpage at individual public-supply wells.

In October, November, and December 2001 

(tables 14-16, figs. 15-17), the relief of the groundwater high beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area 

increased from that of the previous months. An 

increase of about 9 feet from previous months was 

measured from the highest water level near the apex of 

the ground-water high to the water level in the extreme 

southern part for these months. The hydraulic gradient 

from the ground-water high increased toward the Missouri River to the south and the southwest. The change 

in the appearance of the ground-water high reflected 

the flooding of the wetland pools on the Eagle Bluffs 

Conservation Area.

The cone of depression around the city of 

Columbia well field and the measured water levels in 

wells did not change substantially during October, 

November, and December and were not substantially 

different from those in September. Localized changes 

were noted around some of the public-supply wells.

In January, February, and March 2002 (tables IT19, figs. 18-20), the subsurface expression of the 

ground-water high beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area changed from that of the previous months. 

The relief of the ground-water high generally 

decreased slightly, and the apex of the ground-water 

high had shifted to the south. The ground-water high

had a gradual hydraulic gradient to the north and 

became extremely steep in the southern part of the 

Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area between wells SP11 

and USGS-T (fig. 2). Measured water levels in January 

decreased in the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area as 

much as 8 feet from those measured in December. Measured water levels in February and March were similar 

to those measured in January.

In February 2002 measured water levels beneath 

the southern one-half of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation 

Area generally were about 4 feet less than those measured in February 2001. Water levels in the rest of the 

area were similar. This decrease in water levels produced a ground-water high that had a steeper gradient 

toward the south than the one in February 2001. Water 

levels in the northern part of the study area generally 

were about 2 feet lower in February 2002 than in February 2001. Small localized cones of depression were 

noted in February 2002 instead of the large, generalized 

area around several of the public-supply wells.

From March 2001 to March 2002, the measured 

water levels in the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area 

decreased from about 2.5 to more than 10 feet. The 

hydraulic gradient in March 2002 was steeper to the 

south than that in March 2001. The cone of depression 

around the city of Columbia well field was more pronounced in March 2001 than it was in the following 

year. Water levels in the northern part of the study area 

along the Missouri River were as much as 11 feet lower 

in 2001 than they were in 2002. The altitude of the Missouri River was as much as 20 feet higher in 2002 than 

it was in 2001 (figs. 30, 32).

In the late spring and early summer months of 

April, May, and June 2002 (tables 20-22, figs. 21-23), 

the ground-water high beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area was characterized by low relief and a 

small ground-water gradient. In April, the highest 

ground-water level measured in a well in the Eagle 

Bluffs Conservation Area was about 562 feet, which 

was about 3 feet higher than the preceding month, and 

water levels at the northern edge of the area increased 

at least 2 feet. In May, water-table contours immediately north of the ground-water high indicated inflow to 

the alluvial aquifer from the Missouri River. During the 

time of water-level measurements in May, the altitude 

of the river was high (fig. 32), and monitoring well 

MW-118 (fig. 2) could not be accessed because water 

covered the well.

Lateral Flow Interpreted from Water-Table Maps 13
595

590

LU 585

LU

580

575

570

565

Monitoring Well MW-152 

Missouri River at Boonville

Bep Oct Nov Dec 

2001

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul

2002

Aug Sep Oct Nov

576.5

574.0

571.5

559.0

Figure 32. Altitude of the Missouri River at the U.S. Geological Survey gaging station at 

Boonville and water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-152, September 2001 through 

December 1 1 , 2002.

569.0 0

Z O)

566.5

!>

564.0 - O _l CO 

LU <

LU tli

561.5 -> ffi

LU

556.5 Q

554.0 <

551.5

The hydraulic gradient of the cone of depression 

around the city of Columbia well field increased in 

April 2002 compared to that of the previous months. 

The altitude of the water levels in wells adjacent to the 

Missouri River increased as much as 6 feet. Water levels in the northern part of the study area increased as 

much as 11 feet from April to May 2002. The gradient 

from the Missouri River toward the city of Columbia 

well field did not substantially change. However, the 

center of the cone of depression shifted in May to the 

north and the east from its location in April 2002.

The ground-water high beneath the Eagle Bluffs 

Conservation Area in July, August, and September 

2002 (tables 23-25, figs. 24-26) was intermediate 

between the low relief measured after the wetlands 

pools were drained during the late spring and early 

summer and when the pools were filled in the fall. In 

July, measured water levels decreased as much as 3 feet 

in the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area from those measured in June. Measured water levels generally 

decreased further in August, but generally increased 

slightly in September.

In July, August, and September 2002, the 

hydraulic gradient of the cone of depression around the 

city of Columbia well field was similar for the 3 

months, but had decreased substantially from that in 

April, May, and June, when the altitude of the Missouri 

River generally was high.

The appearance of the ground-water high 

beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area in October, November, and December 2002 (tables 26-28, figs. 

27-29) was consistent with that of the same months in 

the preceding year, when the ground-water high was at 

its maximum relief and the hydraulic gradient was 

steep. Measured water levels in wells in the Eagle 

Bluffs Conservation Area had increased in several 

wells from September to October. In November, measured water levels were about 2 to 6 feet higher in 

November than they were in October. In December, the 

highest measured water level in the ground-water high 

beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area was more 

than 566 feet. The lowest water level was about 553 

feet in the extreme southern well. The difference in 

these water levels produced a ground-water high that

14 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
had the steepest hydraulic gradient during the study 

period. Water levels in December on the periphery of 

the ground-water high generally decreased as much as 

3 feet from water levels in November. In the northern 

part of the study area, water levels decreased less than 

3 feet from those in November.

The hydraulic gradient of the generalized cone of 

depression associated with the city of Columbia well 

field increased from the Missouri River toward the well 

field from September to October 2002. The hydraulic 

gradient of the generalized cone of depression around 

the city of Columbia well field remained about the 

same in November as in October, but decreased in 

December 2002.

Vertical Ground-Water Flow

The fourteen well pairs included in the monitoring well network provided an opportunity to estimate 

vertical hydraulic-head differences in the alluvial aquifer. The wells in each well pair are within a few feet of 

one another and are completed in the alluvial aquifer, 

except for wells MW13-67 and MW28-67 that are 

completed in bedrock.

Four well pairs are around treatment wetland 

unit 1. These pairs are identified as MW1-1, MW1-2, 

MW1-3, and MW1-4. Available data indicated the vertical hydraulic gradients for three of the four well pairs 

to be downward toward the base of the alluvial aquifer; 

gradients in well pair MW1-2A and MW1-2B were 

both downward and upward during the study period. 

However, the differences between the measured water 

levels in the two wells were less than 0.03 foot. Differences in the measured water levels for the MW1 -3 well 

pair ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 foot. Water levels in well 

MW1-1A (31 feet deep) ranged from 3.19 to 7.43 feet 

higher than the water levels in well MW1-1B (60 feet 

deep). Water levels in well MW1-4A (29.5 feet deep) 

ranged from about 1 to more than 11 feet higher than 

the water levels in well MW1-4B (60 feet deep). The 

large differences in the water levels for these two well 

pairs probably were because low-permeability clay at 

these locations impedes the downward movement of 

water.

The direction of the vertical hydraulic gradient 

could not be determined conclusively for the well pairs 

adjacent to treatment wetland units 2 and 3 and two 

well pairs in the northern part of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area (well pairs MW4-1 and MW4-2). Measured water levels in these well pairs generally varied

by less than 0.20 foot. For well pairs MW2-1, MW3-1, 

and MW4-1, the vertical hydraulic gradients generally 

were downward for at least 20 of the 27 months when 

water levels were measured.

Three well pairs are located in the central part of 

the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area. The vertical 

hydraulic gradient for well pairs USGS-2S and USGS2D and USGS-5S and USGS-5D varied, but the difference in the measured water levels generally was less 

than 0.2 foot. The gradient for well pair USGS-3S and 

USGS-3D near Perche Creek was downward, and the 

differences in the measured water levels ranged from 

0.19 to 0.35 foot. However, the vertical hydraulic gradient was upward in December 2000.

Well pair USGS-9S and USGS-9D is in the 

northern part of the study area. The hydraulic gradient 

for all months with water levels available for both wells 

was upward. Differences in water levels in these well 

ranged from 0.01 to 0.10 foot.

Well pair USGS-8S and USGS-8D, both completed in the alluvial aquifer, are near well MW13-67, 

which was drilled by the city of Columbia in 1967 and 

was completed in bedrock to a depth of 105 feet. Water 

levels were measured in all 3 wells for 23 months. For 

19 months, the measured water levels were highest in 

well USGS-8S, lower in well USGS-8D, and were lowest in well MW13-67. These measurements indicated 

that the potential for ground-water movement was 

downward toward bedrock. For the months that did not 

follow the aforementioned pattern, measured water levels for August and November 2002 were highest in well 

USGS-8D and decreased by 0.02 foot in well MW13- 

67. In October 2002, the water level in well USGS-8S 

was the highest (552.52 feet), and it decreased slightly 

in well USGS-8D to 552.49 feet, and increased slightly 

in well MW13-67 (552.51 feet). The water levels in 

December 2002 ranged from 549.74 feet (well USGS8S) to 549.70 feet (well USGS-8D) to 549.77 feet (well 

MW13-67). The differences in measured water levels 

ranged from 0.01 to more than 1.5 feet. The largest differences in water levels were measured from June 

through November 2001 and in July 2002.

In June 2001, the water levels throughout the 

study area had increased with a corresponding increase 

in the altitude of the Missouri River, which likely 

affected the differences in water levels in the well pairs. 

Water levels from July through August 2001 declined, 

and they were fairly constant through November 2001 

throughout the study area.

Vertical Ground-Water Flow 15
Wells SP11 and MW28-67, in the extreme southern part of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, form 

another well pair. Well SP11 is 35 feet deep (Richards, 

1995) and well MW28-67 is about 100 feet deep. In 

February through April 2001, October through December 2001, and September through November 2002, vertical hydraulic gradients were upward in well MW28- 

67, indicating potential recharge to the alluvial aquifer 

from the underlying bedrock. From February through 

April 2001, the stage of the Missouri River was increasing, and during the other two times, pools were filled or 

being filled with water for the flooding cycle of wetland management at the Eagle Bluffs Conservation 

Area. Also, the vertical hydraulic gradient was upward 

in April and May 2002, a period of increasing stage in 

the Missouri River. The gradient was downward June 

through September 2001 and June through August 

2002. These times corresponded to decreasing river 

stage, lack of water in pools in the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, and generally lower water levels throughout the study area. The vertical hydraulic gradient also 

was downward January through March 2002. The Missouri River stage during this time was among the lowest 

in the study period.

Differences in Pre- and Post-Development 

Water Levels

Water-table contours from measurements on July 

23, 1968 (fig. 33; Nuzman, 1969) before the existence 

of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area and the city of 

Columbia well field indicated that ground-water flow 

primarily was southeast downgradient through 

McBaine Bottoms. Recharge to the alluvial aquifer 

from the river occurred in the northwestern and western 

part of the study area, and discharge occurred from the 

aquifer to the river in the southern part of the study 

area. Water levels used in this map were measured in 

more than 20 wells completed in bedrock that were 

drilled in 1967. The hydrograph of the Missouri River 

during the time of the water-level measurements indicated that the altitude was declining after a slight rise, 

but the discharge was less than the annual mean discharge from October 1957 through September 2001 

(U.S. Geological Survey, 1969; Hauck andNagel, 

2002).

Water levels changed somewhat in the watertable map of August 1978 compared to those in 1968 

(fig. 33; Foreman and Sharp, 1981). In addition to 

water levels from the wells that were measured for the

July 1968 water-table map, water levels from shallow 

wells that were installed in 1978 were included. Water 

levels from the shallow wells and from wells completed 

in bedrock produced a mapped water surface that was 

essentially the same. Water levels in the shallow wells 

and in wells completed in bedrock varied substantially 

after a rapid rise in the Missouri River stage. The altitude of the Missouri River rose substantially in March 

1978, and in August it was still much higher than it was 

in January and February 1978. The discharge in August 

1978 was slightly larger than the annual mean discharge from October 1957 through September 2001 

(U.S. Geological Survey, 1979; Hauck andNagel, 

2002). Flow directions and areas of recharge and discharge were similar to those of the 1968 map.

Water levels measured for several months before 

the introduction of treated effluent to the Eagle Bluffs 

Conservation Area in October 1994 indicated a groundwater high beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation 

Area. Water levels in August and December 1992, 

March 1993, and August 1994 (Richards, 2002) indicated ground-water highs that were similar to the 

ground-water highs that were previously discussed in 

this report. The ground-water highs for these months in 

1992 through 1994 tended to have low relief with less 

than 7 feet of difference between the highest and lowest 

measured water level in the Eagle Bluffs Conservation 

Area.

Major differences between pre- and post-development water levels were apparent in three locations in 

the study area. The first of these locations is represented by a ground-water high that has continuously 

been present beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation 

Area since before the introduction of treated effluent to 

the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area in October 1994 

and full management of the area in late 1995. Changes 

in the ground-water high were related to the flooding of 

the wetland pools and the Missouri River stage.

A cone of depression has developed in the central part of the study area because of pumpage from the 

city of Columbia well field. Production from the well 

field began in the early 1970's, and 14 wells presently 

(2003) are in use. Localized cones of depression varied 

from month to month based on which well pairs are 

being used for production. The use of the well pairs is 

rotated monthly.

The third area where changes have occurred is in 

the northeastern part of the study area. A ground-water 

high is present beneath treatment wetland unit 1. The 

ground-water high on the water-table maps (figs. 3-29)

16 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92'28' 92°24' 92°28' 92"24'

38- 54'

38'50'

Modified from Foreman and Sharp, 1981

0.5 1 KILOMETER

EXPLANATION

i—I CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

= PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

-560- WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Contour interval is variable, in feet. Vertical datum 

is NGVD 29

Figure 33. Pre-development altitude of the water table, July 1968 and August 1978.

was not well defined because a large contour interval 

was used in that area to better display the large differences in water levels upgradient from unit 1 to the 

southwest extension of the unit and because of water 

possibly perched around the unit. Water levels in the 

shallow well of well pairs MW1-1 and MW1-4 generally were several feet higher than water levels in the 

deep well of the pair.

Differences between measured water levels for 

pre-effluent conditions in the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area and also before the city of Columbia well 

field (July 1968; Nuzman, 1969) and present conditions (June 2002 and December 2002) were determined. Water levels for June 2002 were used because 

the ground-water high beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area had small relief with a small gradient, 

the deepest part of the cone of depression around the 

city of Columbia well field also had small relief, and 

the stage of the Missouri River was not high. Water levels for December 2002 were used because the wetland 

pools on the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area were 

flooded, thereby causing maximum extent and gradient 

of the ground-water high. The stage of the Missouri 

River in December was among the lowest during the

Vertical Ground-Water Flow 17
study period. Because limited data are available for 

McBaine Bottoms, the comparisons between the preeffluent conditions and those in this report are valid for 

the specified time and may not necessarily be true for 

extended times.

Water levels in June 2002 beneath the Eagle 

Bluffs Conservation Area were higher than water levels 

in July 1968—from 4 feet around the base of the 

ground-water high to 7 feet at the apex of the groundwater high. In the northern part of the study area, water 

levels beneath part of the city of Columbia well field 

were 2 feet lower than they were in 1968. Throughout 

the rest of the well field, water levels were the same or 

about 1 foot lower in June 2002 than they were in 1968. 

Water levels in the alluvial aquifer near the Missouri 

River were as much as 2 feet higher in 2002 than they 

were in 1968. Another area of difference between the 

two measurements was in water levels northwest of 

treatment wetland unit 1 and near the edge of the alluvial aquifer. Water levels were as much as 7 feet higher 

in 2002 than they were in 1968.

In December 2002, water-level differences probably were at a maximum throughout the study area. 

Beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, water levels were as much as 10 feet higher than they were in 

1968. Water levels along the Missouri River were about 

2 feet less than those in 1968. Water levels in the areas 

around some of the public-supply wells were as much 

as 9 feet lower in December 2002 than in 1968. In 

December 2002, an area of water levels 7 feet lower 

than those in 1968 encompassed the entire city of 

Columbia well field. In the northeastern part of the 

study area adjacent to the edge of the alluvial aquifer 

northwest of treatment wetland unit 1, water levels in a 

small area were as much as 6 feet higher in 2002 than 

they were in 1968. Water levels adjacent to unit 1 were 

about 2 feet higher in 2002 than they were in 1968.

GROUND- AND SURFACE-WATER 

INTERACTION

The proximity of the Missouri River and perennial Perche Creek to McBaine Bottoms allows for the 

possibility that these surface-water bodies may either 

supply water to or remove water from the ground-water 

system in this area. The ground- and surface-water 

interaction was assessed by monitoring the altitude of 

the Missouri River and Perche Creek at several locations and comparing the altitude with nearby groundwater levels. Because of the apparent interdependence

of surface- and ground-water levels in the alluvial aquifer, a description of hydrologic conditions is only valid 

for a short time during which water levels were measured.

The altitude of the Missouri River in the northern 

part of the study area (fig. 2, river upper) was higher 

than the water table in the aquifer (MW-152, fig. 2), 

except for one measurement. Therefore, the potential 

for ground-water flow was from the river toward 

McBaine Bottoms. At the time of water-level measurements, the altitude of the river generally was less than 

1.5 feet higher than that of the water table, but it was as 

much as 10 feet higher in April 2002, when the altitude 

of the river was increasing. The only month when the 

measured stage was less than the water table was in 

July 2001, when the altitude of the river was about 0.6 

foot lower than the water table.

Another staff gage along the Missouri River was 

about 0.5 river mile downstream from the northern 

edge of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area (fig. 2, 

river lower). The Missouri River generally was lower 

at this location than the water table in the alluvial aquifer, and the potential for ground-water flow was from 

the alluvial aquifer toward the river during these times. 

The Missouri River was higher than the water table 

during times when the altitude of the river was high or 

increasing, such as during the spring and early summer 

of 2001 and 2002.

At all times during the study, except under backwater conditions caused by the Missouri River, water 

levels in Perche Creek at the staff gage in the northeast 

part of the study area (fig. 2, creek upper) lower than 

the water table in the alluvial aquifer, indicating that 

Perche Creek was receiving ground water from the 

aquifer. The higher water levels in the alluvial aquifer 

adjacent to Perche Creek indicated that the aquifer was 

supplying water to the creek. This is consistent with the 

observation of numerous seeps in the streambanks 

along this reach of Perche Creek (M.F. Knowlton, oral 

commun., 2002).

Water levels in Perche Creek near the downstream reach of the study area at the Missouri Department of Conservation boat ramp (fig. 2, creek lower) 

were lower than those measured in the alluvial aquifer 

except in March 2001. In March 2001, the water level 

in Perche Creek was slightly higher than the water level 

in the aquifer. The altitude of the Missouri River was 

higher than normal and the water level in Perche Creek 

reflected backwater from the Missouri River.

18 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
Water levels in Perche Creek generally were a 

few feet lower than water levels in the alluvial aquifer. 

Generally, the differences between the water level in 

Perche Creek and in the alluvial aquifer were largest 

during the late fall and winter when the pools were 

filled in the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area. However, 

the difference in the water levels could be fairly large, 

as in May 2002 when the altitude of the Missouri River 

was high and water levels in the alluvial aquifer 

increased.

Continuous water-level recorders were installed 

in 12 monitoring wells during the study to monitor 

daily fluctuations in ground-water levels. Four of the 

recorders were installed approximately east-west from 

Perche Creek to the Missouri River, and the rest of the 

recorders were installed near Perche Creek, the Missouri River, and treatment wetland unit 1. Hydrographs 

for these wells are shown in figures 32 and 34 through 

44 (at the back of this report).

The hydrographs for the Missouri River (figs. 30, 

32) show typical changes in stage during the year. In 

spring and summer, the altitude of the river was relatively high because of increased releases from dams 

upstream and increased rainfall. In the fall and winter, 

river stage was low because of decreased releases from 

dams upstream and decreased rainfall. Water levels in 

monitoring wells in the northern part of the study area 

adjacent to the Missouri River [MW-152 (fig. 32) and 

MW-135 (fig. 42)] closely followed the trend of the 

river stage. Water-level variations in these wells were 

almost identical to those of the Missouri River.

Aligning river-stage peaks for the Missouri River 

at Boonville (continuous streamflow gaging station 

06909000 at river mile 196.6) and water-level peaks for 

monitoring well MW-152 (near river mile 179) by 

shifting the time scale for the water levels illustrated a 

lag time of less than 3 days. For some river stage 

increases, the lag time was substantially less than 3 

days.

Monitoring well MW-113 (fig. 2) also was 

drilled adjacent to the Missouri River. Water levels for 

this well (fig. 37) generally followed the trend of the 

Missouri River. When pools on the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area were flooded annually in the fall before 

the waterfowl migratory season, the water level in monitoring well MW-113 reflected this increase. No 

flooded pools are north of this monitoring well, so the 

changes in the water level reflected the northward flow 

of ground water from the ground-water high beneath 

the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area. In late October or

early November 2001, the water level increased in this 

well and remained high relative to the altitude of the 

Missouri River until the end of December, when the 

water level in the well declined substantially. After that 

date, the water level followed the trend of the Missouri 

River until October 2002, when the water level 

increased because of the flooding of the pools.

Monitoring wells MW-121, MW-127, and MW143 (fig. 2) are adjacent to Perche Creek, and water levels in these wells reflected the trend of the altitude of 

Perche Creek. No gaging station exists on Perche 

Creek, and the only data available throughout this study 

were collected at two staff gages that were installed for 

this study. The water level in MW-143 (fig. 44) varied 

by about 1.5 feet for the first 8 months the recorder was 

in the well. In May 2002, a rise in the water level corresponded to an increase in the Missouri River and was 

reflected in a water level increase from MW-121 (fig. 

40) and MW-127 (fig. 41). However, the rise in the 

water level in MW-143 was an extremely narrow spike 

of more than 4 feet followed immediately by a period 

of fluctuating water levels that culminated in the deepest water levels in August 2002 that were measured 

during the time the recorder was in the well. Water levels in MW-121 and MW-127 increased in May 2002, 

and the peaks remained fairly constant for about a 

month.

Monitoring wells MW-115 and MW-116 (fig. 2) 

are west of treatment wetland units 2 and 3; MW-115 is 

adjacent to Perche Creek. Water levels in both wells 

reflected the trend of Perche Creek as shown for MW121 and MW-127 for the rise in May through June 

2002. The water levels for MW-115 (fig. 38) and especially MW-116 (fig. 39) showed the effect of flooding 

of the pools in the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area in 

the fall of 2001 and 2002. Monitoring well MW-116 is 

immediately north of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation 

Area, and MW-115 is about 0.3 mile north of the Eagle 

Bluffs Conservation Area.

Recorders were placed in three wells in the Eagle 

Bluffs Conservation Area, but not adjacent to the Missouri River. These wells were MW-104, MW-107, and 

MW-111 (fig. 2); MW-104 is adjacent to Perche Creek, 

MW-107 is in the north central part of the area, and 

MW-111 is at the northern edge of the area. Water levels in these wells (figs. 34-36), including MW-104, 

reflected the trend of the Missouri River during the rise 

in May and June 2002. The water levels also reflected 

the flooding of the pools on the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area in the fall of 2001 and 2002 and the subseGround- and Surface-Water Interaction 19
quent drying of the pools between December 2001 and 

January 2002. The effects of the pools on the water levels in MW-111 were less apparent compared to the 

water levels in MW-104 and MW-107.

The remaining recorder was placed in MW-141 

(fig. 2) on the northern edge of treatment wetland unit 

1. The water level in this well (fig. 43) declined gradually from September 2001 to about the end of April 

2002. At the beginning of May 2002, the water level 

increased gradually and toward the middle of May, the 

water level increased about 2.5 feet. The water level 

increased to its peak in mid-June and began decreasing 

gradually to the end of the study period, except for a 

rise in mid-August, which probably corresponded to a 

similar rise in Perche Creek. Clay was encountered 

throughout the drilling of this borehole, which possibly 

contributed to the slow response of the water level.

SUMMARY

The Missouri Department of Conservation uses 

the treated effluent from the 130-acre city of Columbia 

wastewater-treatment wetland as a primary water 

source for managing about 1,300 wetland acres on the 

Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area at McBaine Bottoms. 

The treatment wetland is designed to treat an average 

flow of about 20 million gallons of effluent per day. 

The area is located on the Missouri River alluvium and 

is bounded to the south and west by the Missouri River 

and to the north and east by Missouri River bluffs. The 

city of Columbia pumps water from the alluvial aquifer 

for its municipal supply using seven pairs of wells 

located upstream (north) from the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area and adjacent (west) to the treatment wetland.

The presence of a sustained ground-water high 

underlying the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area indicates potential for ground-water flow toward the city of 

Columbia well field. Elevated concentrations of several 

constituents in water samples from monitoring wells 

within or near the well field, including sodium, potassium, calcium, sulfate, and chloride, indicated flow of 

water from the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area toward 

the well field. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation and 

the city of Columbia, measured the ground-water levels 

in about 88 monitoring wells and the surface-water altitude at 4 sites monthly from October 2000 through

December 2002 to determine the ground-water flow 

and the ground- and surface-water interaction in 

McBaine Bottoms.

Lateral ground-water flow was dominated by the 

presence of a ground-water high beneath the Eagle 

Bluffs Conservation Area and the presence of a cone of 

depression in the northern part of the study area. The 

ground-water high was present during all months of the 

study. Ground-water flow was radially away from the 

apex of the ground-water high; west and south of the 

ground-water high, flow was toward the Missouri 

River, east of the ground-water high, flow was toward 

Perche Creek, and north of the ground-water high, flow 

was to the north toward the city of Columbia well field. 

The cone of depression was centered around the city of 

Columbia well field. Flow toward the well field was 

from the south in the vicinity of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, from the west from the Missouri River, 

flow from the north downgradient though the alluvial 

aquifer, from the northeast beneath treatment wetland 

unit 1, and from the east through the alluvial aquifer in 

the vicinity of Perche Creek.

Another permanent feature on the water-table 

maps was a ground-water high beneath treatment wetland unit 1. Ground-water flow was downgradient 

through the alluvial valley that contains units 1 and 4. 

Around unit 1 perched water was present because 

ground-water flow was impeded by low permeability 

clay that traps the ground water at a higher altitude than 

the nearby water table.

Although the ground-water high beneath the 

Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area was present throughout the study period, the configuration of the groundwater high changed depending on hydrologic conditions. Generally in March, the height of the groundwater high began to decrease. In April, the high had 

become more shallow and gradients around the high 

more gentle. In May and June, the high was the least 

pronounced. In July, the high began to become more 

pronounced, and it continued to become more shallow, 

increasing until it reached its minimum depth in 

November or December. Fluctuations in the groundwater high corresponded to the cycle of flooding of the 

wetland pools in the fall and subsequent drainage in the 

spring so crops could be grown in many of the pools. 

Changes in the Missouri River stage also caused simultaneous changes in the ground-water high.

The cone of depression in the northern part of the 

study area generally extended from the base of the 

ground-water high in the northern part of the Eagle

20 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
Bluffs Conservation Area throughout most of the 

northern part of the study area. The depth of the cone 

was dependent on the altitude of the Missouri River and 

the quantity of water pumped from the alluvial aquifer 

from the city of Columbia well field. During times of 

higher Missouri River flow, the gradient from the river 

toward the city of Columbia well field became steeper, 

but the measured water levels near the central part of 

the study area tended to increase, probably from 

induced surface-water flow into this area. Localized 

cones of depression were apparent around public-supply wells; the location of these localized cones was 

dependent on which public-supply well was being 

pumped.

The direction of vertical ground-water flow 

based on measurements at well pairs could not be 

determined with certainty throughout the study area. 

For well pairs around treatment wetland units 1, 2, and 

3, the direction of vertical ground-water flow varied. 

Differences in measured water levels generally were 

small (less than 0.5 foot). The vertical hydraulic gradient for a well pair in the northern part of the study area 

was upward. The vertical hydraulic gradient at a well 

pair completed in the alluvial aquifer and a well completed in bedrock was downward, and the differences in 

measured water levels in these three wells ranged from 

0.01 to 1.5 feet.

Ground-water flow in the alluvial aquifer in 

McBaine Bottoms in the late 1960's before the development of the city of Columbia well field and the Eagle 

Bluffs Conservation Area was from northwest to southeast approximately parallel to the Missouri River. The 

ground-water high beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area and the cone of depression around the city of 

Columbia well field were not present in water-level 

maps for 1968 and 1978.

The Missouri River can be a source of recharge 

to the alluvial aquifer. Generally, the altitude of the 

river in the northern part of the study area was higher 

than the water table in the aquifer. Ground-water flow 

was from the river to the alluvial aquifer. In the southern part of the study area adjacent to the Eagle Bluffs 

Conservation Area, the Missouri River was lower than 

the water table in the alluvial aquifer, indicating that the 

river was receiving water from the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area. Water levels in wells that were instrumented with a continuous recorder tended to follow the 

trend of the Missouri River. Water levels in wells in the 

Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area responded to the seasonal flooding of the pools.

REFERENCES

CH2M Hill, 1996, Evaluation of future water supply 

sources: St. Louis, Mo., 20 p.

Emmett, L.F., and Jeffery, H.G., 1969, Reconnaissance of 

the ground-water resources of the Missouri River alluvium between Jefferson City and Miami, Missouri: 

U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations 

Atlas HA-340, 1 sheet.

Foreman, T.L., and Sharp, J.M., 1981, Hydraulic properties 

of a major alluvial aquifer—An isotropic, inhomogeneous system: Journal of Hydrology, v. 53, p. 247-268.

Hauck, H.S., and Nagel, C.D., 2002, Water resources data, 

Missouri, water year 2001: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Data Report MO-01-1, 504 p.

Metcalf & Eddy, 1990, Hydrogeological evaluation of future 

water supply from the McBaine aquifer: Prepared for 

the city of Columbia, Mo., 49 p.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2000a, 

Climatological data annual summary, Missouri 2000: 

National Climatic Data Center, v. 104, no. 13, 28 p.

___ 2000b, Hourly precipitation data, Missouri, December 2000: National Climatic Data Center, v. 50, no. 12, 

20 p.

___ 2001, Climatological data annual summary, Missouri

2001: National Climatic Data Center, v. 105, no. 13, 

30 p. 

_ 2002, Climatological data, Missouri: National Climatic Data Center, v. 106, no. 01-12.

Nuzman, C.E., 1969, Ground-water hydrologic study of the 

Missouri River Valley for Columbia, Missouri: Kansas 

City, Mo., Layne-Western Company, Inc., 49 p.

Richards, J.M., 1995, Hydrologic data for the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex, Columbia, Missouri—1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 95-109, 50 p.

___ 1999, Hydrologic data for the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs 

Wetland Complex, Columbia, Missouri—1993-96: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-607, 

91 p.

___ 2002, Water-quality and ground-water hydrology of

the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex, Columbia, Missouri—1992-99: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4227,131 p.

U.S. Census Bureau, 2000, Population estimates program, 

population division: accessed March 2002 at URL 

http://www. gocolumbiamo.com/ 

About Columbia/demographics.html

U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Water resources data for Missouri 1968: 299 p.

___ 1979, Water resources data for Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report MO-78-1, 300 p.

References 21

TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS
O

I

a.

I

i

O 

Q. 

O

Table 2. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells, October 12-13, 2000

[Altitudes are in feet above NGVD 29; ft, feet]

o

CD

B9_ 

O

CD

O

(0

O

o_

c 

3 oB

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-101

MW-102

MW-103

MW-104

MW-105

MW-106

MW-107

MW-108

MW-109

MW-110

MW-111

MW-112

MW-113

MW-114

MW-115

MW-116

MW-117

MW-118

Altitude 

(ft)

564.35

564.95

563.91

560.95

558.06

559.33

559.65

562.21

561.69

558.88

554.78

556.75

557.52

561.64

554.23

555.56

554.25

554.23

Site

(«g. 2)

MW-119

MW-120

MW-121

MW-122

MW-123

MW-124

MW-125

MW-126

MW-127

MW-128

MW-129

MW-130

MW-131

MW-132

MW-133

MW-134

MW-135

MW-136

Altitude 

(ft)

553.41

551.43

552.19

551.20

551.79

552.64

553.81

551.73

552.58

553.00

552.68

553.67

554.61

551.69

552.42

552.33

555.69

553.18

Site

(«g. 2)

MW-137

MW-138

MW-139

MW-140

MW-141

MW-142

MW-143

MW-144

MW-145

MW-146

MW-147

MW-148

MW-149

MW-150

MW-151

MW-152

MW-153

Altitude 

(ft)

555.29

551.29

552.41

557.17

553.97

574.74

567.31

552.85

555.96

555.56

551.63

561.27

554.05

566.03

555.22

558.24

558.70
92 28'

3854'

38 50'

92 24' 

I

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560 — WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

MONITORING WELL

0.5 1 MILE

I I I

0 0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 3. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, October 12-13, 2000.

Tables and Illustrations 25
Table 3. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells, November 6-7, 2000

[Altitudes are in feet above NGVD 29; ft, feet; --, no data]

c

Q.

£

?•n1

D) 

Q.O 

0

Q.D) Q.(/}

18

£

Sf (D^3

9 

3ao3

D) 

SOCO

D)

(D

CO

1(fl8

c o- ju'

S

ff

o

!

3

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-101

MW-102MW-103

MW-104 

MW-105MW-106

MW-107 

MW-108

MW-109

MW-110

MW-111MW-112

MW-113

MW-114MW-115

MW-116 

MW-117MW-118MW-119

MW-120

MW-121 

MW-122MW-123

Altitude 

(ft)

567.40

566.86566.18

561.13 559.76561.26

561.88 

564.75

564.27

561.64

556.87

558.64559.57

563.35

555.09

557.13 

555.64

555.18

554.89552.10

552.96 

552.26 552.15

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-124

MW-125

MW-126

MW-127 MW-128

MW-129MW-130MW-131

MW-132

MW-133

MW-134

MW-135

MW-136

MW-137

MW-138

MW-139 

MW-140

MW-141

MW-142

MW-143

MW-144 

MW-145 

MW-146

Altitude 

(ft)

552.45

553.63 --

— 552.74

553.72 

554.41

552.66

551.90

552.02

555.82552.82

555.30

550.22

552.05 

557.80553.71

575.20

567.79552.23 

555.97 555.24

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW-147

MW-148MW-149

MW-150 

MW-151

MW-152MW-153 

MW-154

MW-155

MW1-1A

MW1-1B

MW1-2AMW1-2B

MW1-3A

MW1-3B

MW1-4A 

MW1-4B

MW2-1A

MW2-1BMW3-1AMW3-1B MW4-1A 

MW4-1B

Altitude 

(ft)

550.45

562.96553.17

567.26 554.88558.61

559.06 -- 568.12561.00553.81

553.79

553.21

553.10 -- 554.45

554.44557.23557.19

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW4-2AMW4-2B

USGS-1

USGS-2S USGS-2DUSGS-3S

USGS-3D

USGS-4

USGS-5S

USGS-5D

USGS-6

USGS-7

USGS-8SUSGS-8DUSGS-9S

USGS-9DSP11SP4

MW13-67

MW28-67

Altitude 

(ft)

563.84563.86

558.33565.74 565.71564.65

564.39 --

—..-- 551.90

552.10

557.36

557.40

__.-
92 28'

38 54'

38 50'

92 241

I

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTE WATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval 1 

and 5 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

MONITORING WELL

0.5 1 MILE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 4. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, November 6-7, 2000.

Tables and Illustrations 27
Table 4. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells, December 6-15, 2000

Ground-Water F

• i 6"

D> Q.GroundD> 

Q.1 O

i5"

«

oon

o

CD 

D)n

CD

0 

M

Columbi

D> 3

issouri — 21

[Altitudes are in feet above NGVD 29; ft, feet]

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW-101MW-102

MW-103

MW-104 

MW-105MW-106

MW-107 MW-108

MW-109

MW-110

MW-111

MW-112

MW-113MW-114

MW-115

MW-116 MW-117

MW-118 

MW-119MW-120

MW-121

Date 

measured

12-14-200012-14-2000

12-15-2000

12-15-2000 

12-15-200012-15-200012-15-2000 12-15-200012-06-200012-15-200012-06-200012-06-200012-15-200012-15-2000

12-06-2000

12-06-2000 12-06-200012-06-2000 12-06-200012-06-2000

12-06-2000

Altitude 

(ft)

567.11565.86

565.04

560.26 

557.90559.92

560.44 563.24562.61557.98555.65

558.51555.06

560.87

554.31556.96554.78

554.10

554.24563.92

553.04

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-122MW-123

MW-124

MW-125 MW-126

MW-127MW-128 MW-129

MW-130MW-131MW-132

MW-133

MW-134MW-135MW-136

MW-137 

MW-138

MW-139 

MW-140MW-141

MW-142

Date 

measured

12-06-2000

12-06-200012-06-2000

12-06-2000 12-15-200012-15-2000

12-15-2000 12-15-200012-15-200012-15-200012-14-200012-14-200012-14-2000

12-08-200012-08-200012-08-2000 

12-14-2000

12-08-2000 12-14-200012-14-2000

12-14-2000

Altitude 

(ft)

552.46552.29552.62553.37 552.60

553.15

553.31

552.82553.54

553.99552.74

551.87551.90554.51552.25

553.72 

550.03

552.41 556.59553.60

574.45

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW-143

MW-144MW-145

MW-146 

MW-147

MW-148MW-149 

MW-150

MW-151

MW-152

MW-153MW-154MW-155MWI-1A

MW1-1B

MW1-2A 

MW1-2BMW1-3A 

MW1-3B

MW1-4A

MW1-4B

Date 

measured

12-08-200012-14-2000

12-08-200012-08-2000 

12-14-2000

12-15-200012-14-2000 12-14-2000

12-14-2000

12-08-200012-08-200012-14-200012-14-200012-08-200012-08-200012-08-2000 

12-08-2000

12-14-2000 12-14-200012-08-2000

12-08-2000

Altitude 

(ft)

567.45

552.42

554.36554.23 551.79

561.11553.45 567.08554.69556.08556.89552.81552.87567.84

560.70553.66 553.68553.25 553.14571.31

559.78

Site

(fig. 2)

MW2-1A

MW2-1B

MW3-1A

MW3-1BMW4-1AMW4-1B

MW4-2A MW4-2B

USGS-1USGS-2S

USGS-2D

USGS-3S

USGS-3D

USGS-8S

USGS-8D

USGS-9S 

USGS-9D

SP4 

MW13-67

Date 

measured

12-06-2000

12-06-2000

12-06-2000

12-06-2000 

12-06-2000

12-06-2000

12-06-2000 

12-06-200012-15-200012-06-200012-06-200012-15-2000

12-15-2000

12-06-200012-06-2000

12-14-2000 

12-14-200012-14-2000 

12-08-2000

Altitude 

(ft)

553.95553.92

556.83556.79 

561.03560.81562.72 562.72

556.54

565.15

565.12

563.64

563.83

552.27

551.66556.47 556.50

567.37 

550.71
92 28 T~ 92 241 ——I——

38 54'

3850'

EXPLANATION

n

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

MONITORING WELL

0.5 1 MILE 

_I

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 5. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, December 6-15, 2000.

Tables and Illustrations 29
Table 5. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells and staff gages, January 11-12, 2001

[Altitudes are in feet above NGVD 29; ft, feet; --, no data]

cQ.1

<D

•n

00) 

Q.

03Q.0)Q.to1D)

1(D

s03SI0 CD 

22.(DCD

|

w2cO1 5' 

33i' 

i!l

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW-101MW-1 02MW-1 03MW-1 04 MW-1 05MW-1 06

MW-107 

MW-108

MW-109

MW-1 10MW-1 11

MW-1 12MW-1 13

MW-1 14

MW-1 15

MW-1 16 

MW-1 17MW-1 18 MW-1 19

MW-1 20

MW-121MW-1 22 

MW-1 23

MW-1 24

Altitude 

(ft)

557.01557.85

556.83555.28 554.67555.43555.28 

556.20554.28553.08

550.45

553.58552.00 555.08552.29553.10 

550.38551.70 551.50550.70

- 551.89 

551.18

551.30

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW-1 25

MW-126MW-1 27

MW-1 28 

MW-1 29MW-130MW-131

MW-132MW-133MW-1 34

MW-1 35MW-1 36

MW-1 37

MW-138

MW-139MW-140 

MW-141

MW-142 MW-143

MW-144

MW-1 45

MW-1 46 

MW-1 47MW-148

Altitude 

(ft)

551.92

~

552.48552.82 552.27553.06

553.93552.15550.85

550.84

._

551.03

552.40 549.19551.37556.02 

553.29

574.39 

567.18551.57552.99552.80 

550.37

555.29

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW-149MW-1 50MW-151

MW-1 52 

MW-1 53

MW-1 54

MW-1 55

MW1-1A

MW1-1B

MW1-2A

MW1-2BMW1-3AMW1-3B

MW1-4AMW1-4B

MW2-1A MW2-1B

MW3-1A MW3-1BMW4-1A

MW4-1B

MW4-2A MW4-2BUSGS-1

Altitude 

(ft)

552.06567.50553.94

554.58 

554.93

552.40

552.60 

567.59560.46

553.33

553.32

552.88

552.70 571.23559.56552.51 552.50553.50 

553.49

~- 555.35 

555.34554.06

Site 

(fig- 2)

USGS-2SUSGS-2DUSGS-3SUSGS-3D USGS-4

USGS-5S

USGS-5D USGS-6USGS-7

USGS-8SUSGS-8DUSGS-9S

USGS-9D SP11

SP4

MW13-67

MW28-67

River upper River lower

Creek upper

Altitude 

(ft)

556.77556.77556.04555.80

-—- 551.92

551.91

554.83

554.87

565.08551.90

566.04552.23553.44
92 281 92 241

38 541

38 501

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval 1 

and 5 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

I I I

0 0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 6. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, January 11-12, 2001.

Tables and Illustrations 31
Table 6. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells and staff gages, February 20-23, 2001

[Altitudes are in feet above NGVD 29; ft, feet; --, no data]

0 Q.

T]D) 

Q.O 0Q.0) Q.CO

1 

15"

<o

3 oo'

o 

CD2J.(DCD

|w

O o_c"o- 5'5Tcii

Site

(fig- 2)

MW-1 01

MW-1 02

MW-1 03MW-1 04 MW-1 05MW-1 06MW-1 07

MW-1 08 MW-1 09MW-1 10MW-1 11MW-1 12MW-1 13 MW-1 14

MW-1 15MW-1 16 MW-1 17MW-1 18 

MW-1 19

MW-1 20MW-1 21MW-1 22 MW-1 23MW-1 24

Altitude 

(ft)

565.50562.40

561.70

557.76 556.62

557.27

557.34

559.78 

556.85

555.42552.55554.93554.12 

559.00553.30554.26 552.50553.69

552.78551.77552.42551.61 

552.07552.39

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-1 25

MW-1 26MW-1 27MW-1 28 MW-1 29MW-1 30

MW-131MW-132 

MW-1 33MW-1 34MW-1 35

MW-1 36MW-1 37 

MW-1 38

MW-1 39MW-140 

MW-141MW-1 42 

MW-1 43

MW-1 44MW-145MW-146 MW-1 47MW-1 48

Altitude 

(ft)

553.90

551.74

552.87

553.52 

552.68

553.96554.96552.69 

551.24

551.77

555.48

553.88555.26 

552.49551.96560.90553.86575.59 568.19

553.18555.65555.21 552.04

558.94

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW-1 49

MW-1 50

MW-151MW-1 52 MW-1 53MW-1 54

MW-1 55MW1-1A MW1-1B

MW1-2AMW1-2B

MW1-3A

MW1-3B 

MW1-4A

MW1-4BMW2-1A 

MW2-1BMW3-1A MW3-1BMW4-1A

MW4-1BMW4-2A MW4-2B

USGS-1

Altitude 

(ft) - 567.75

554.14557.19557.92552.82552.82

568.56 562.69

553.97

553.96

553.35

553.24 

572.06562.17553.21 553.20554.65 554.59

556.13556.02557.80 557.80

555.69

Site

(fig- 2)

USGS-2S

USGS-2DUSGS-3SUSGS-3DUSGS-4USGS-5S

USGS-5D

USGS-6 

USGS-7USGS-8S

USGS-8D

USGS-9S

USGS-9D 

SP11SP4

MW 13-67MW28-67

River upper River lower

Creek upperCreek lower

Altitude 

(ft)

560.03

560.02562.21561.86 558.84565.56

565.57558.77 556.30551.81551.57556.79

556.82 

560.41564.00551.51 561.63558.05

554.43553.04551.94
92 28 92 24'

3854'

3850'

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 7. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, February 20-23, 2001.

Tables and Illustrations 33
Table 7. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells and staff gages, March 19-20, 2001

o 3CL

-n

iD)3

aO3c

3D)a

(01 1D)

(D-i

ET

3£1 5'D)F+O

00M(D

00

O

wo

o

c

O1 .p"§cI

§

[Altitudes are in feet above NGVD 29; ft, feet; --, no data]

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-101

MW-1 02MW-1 03

MW-1 04

MW-1 05

MW-1 06

MW-1 07 MW-1 08 MW-1 09

MW-1 10MW-1 11

MW-1 12MW-1 13MW-1 14

MW-1 15MW-116MW-1 17MW-1 18 MW-1 19

MW-1 20

MW-121MW-1 22 MW-1 23

MW-1 24

Altitude 

(ft)

566.28

567.70567.16564.71562.44

563.13

563.78 

567.35 565.39563.08557.96559.97

563.15567.26

559.09558.65 558.13

560.69

557.21555.43555.44554.34 554.91554.70

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-1 25

MW-126MW-1 27

MW-1 28MW-129

MW-1 30MW-131 

MW-132 MW-1 33MW-1 34MW-135

MW-136

MW-1 37MW-138

MW-1 39MW-1 40 MW-141MW-142 

MW-1 43MW-144MW-145

MW-146 

MW-1 47MW-148

Altitude 

(ft)

558.05553.98555.94557.70

554.75

555.77

556.24 554.66 552.95

553.97

563.87558.14

563.66555.55

553.51561.57 

555.03

576.23 568.80556.28564.26562.47 556.11565.86

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-1 49

MW-1 50

MW-151

MW-1 52

MW-1 53MW-1 54MW-1 55 

MW1-1A MW1-1BMW1-2A

MW1-2BMW1-3A

MW1-3BMW1-4AMW1-4B

MW2-1A 

MW2-1B

MW3-1A 

MW3-1B

MW4-1AMW4-1BMW4-2A MW4-2B

USGS-1

Altitude 

(ft)

~

567.66556.03568.34567.84554.06554.08 569.02 

564.52555.55

555.54554.77554.67572.39

564.76

557.57 

557.55559.77 

559.73562.71562.63566.07 566.09561.51

Site

(fig- 2)

USGS-2S

USGS-2DUSGS-3SUSGS-3D

USGS-4

USGS-5S

USGS-5D USGS-6 

USGS-7

USGS-8S

USGS-8D

USGS-9S

USGS-9D

SP11

SP4

MW 13-67 

MW28-67

River upper River lower

Creek upperCreek lower

Altitude 

(ft)

-

- 565.85

565.65566.39

566.57566.56 

564.62 

564.85554.92

554.77

~

560.26

- 564.19

554.66 565.82572.14 569.09

565.09564.65
92 28' 92 24'

38 541

3850'

EXPLANATION

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTE WATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0 0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 8. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, March 19-20, 2001.

Tables and Illustrations 35
o 

o

OJ

2OJ

to

T3 

CO

s

O)

c

- J8

O rt

0) u

T3 JJ

3 ~

CO

0)

w .j?

0) •o

|E

0) •o

3 C~ 

«-* C

0) .

5) TM

0) •o 

I E

r~;

vd

NO tN tN

vovovoinvovovo

vo

04 t-'

m m

O O O O O

oo oo oo oo oo

D D D

ooooonoooooowoo

B w <u

^ & I

£ ^ £

.2: -^ fi fi

06 & U U

S

C*1 O4 Tt

vo vo vo in in in

pa

I

VO 00

<!t OJ

06 r^

C3 

OV 00

m 

m

04

vo

m

vo 

m

vo vo vo vo vo vo vo

Tj 

vo

o 

vo

m

C3 

00

m 

m

S

Sm

Ol 04

4 4 on 

O

VD 00 in in in in

36 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
9228' 92 24'

38 541

38 501

EXPLANATION

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Contour interval 1 and 5 feet. Vertical datum is 

NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 9. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, April 26-27, 2001.

Tables and Illustrations 37
o 

o

CM 

CM~

CM 

&

0)

c?

O) 

CO

to

T3

CO

0)

I?

O) ea

'C O 

O e^

"c • O iT

E u 

cfi

O)

* I

w5>

w O)

0) •o

s§

0) •o3 £"

00 00

O O

00 00

D D

in in in in

m 

m

cs 

m

cs 

m

00 00

O O

00 00

•^ in

oo oo

O O

oo oo

o 

m

oo

o 

m

r- Tt oo

i—i O vo

in ^t TJm m m

o 

m

OO O VO ON

1 "t "t "t

en C> 4 C>

in in in in

vo 

VD 

m

OOOOOO OOOOOO

jy 3 —

•2: e P< u £

^H VO

VO vo

«n m ininininininininin inininin

Tt m vo vo

m m

o ~ 

m «n inininin^^eNeNenen t

eN eN en en 4

I I

S 5

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O ON

vo in

m m inininininin«n inininininin

in

ON

m 

m

ininininininininin inininin

^H ON

vo in

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m

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pa ^ CN ~?

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Tt

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mm «n

Tf

vo

38 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 24'

38 54' -

38 501 -

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTE WATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 10. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, May 21-22, 2001,

Tables and Illustrations 39
O

o

OJ oo"

3!

CM

0)

c

CO 

O)

•o

c

CO 

(A

1 

O)

o !

E if

0) <fh

— 

CD D^K

^ O

cp 2

CD ra

"D oj

3 &

0) CM

55 .5>

0) •o

-i£

0) .

-t± O)

O) S=

IE

rvo

QCO

00 00 00 00

I

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ON 

vo 

m

Q ON

s

ON 

VO

m

vS

- - 00 00 00 0000000000 ......

OOOOOOOOOOOOO

00 00 00 00 00 00 * " - --

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vo rco r*1^* ^^ ^i ^D ^^

vo vo 1-- vo vo vo in in in in in in

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r~

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m

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C3

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40 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 28' 92 24'

38 54' -

38 50' -

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTE WATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of 

water table. Dashed where approximately located 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval 1 

and 5 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

i i

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 11. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, June 27-28, 2001.

Tables and Illustrations 41
o 

o

(N

CO 

0)

o>

03 

O>

CO

•o

0>

c

c ,-

O '

E iT 

D

JO 45

5 a

z §

£ o

o ^ 

£ 2

« 1

.-s £ s s in in

en

s

QfN

00 00 00

O O O O O

00 00 00 00

P D D D

00 00 00 00 ooooooo

D D

I 1

u u

CQ

04 04

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r-;

0^

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42 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 28' 92 24'

3854'

38 50

EXPLANATION

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval 1 

and 5 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5

0 0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 12. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, July 16-19, 2001.

Tables and Illustrations 43
Table 12. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells and staff gages, August 27-29, 2001

o3i 

1

^•n

i

0)Q.O

5

cQ.D)(/>1

iI

Io'

3D)

O 00Q)

(0CO

§o

JA

o ocU1tt2

(A 

OcI0ro

[Altitudes are in feet above NGVD 29; ft, feetj

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW-101MW-1 02MW-1 03MW-1 04

MW-1 05MW-1 06

MW-1 07

MW-1 08MW-1 09MW-1 10

MW-1 11

MW-1 12MW-1 13

MW-1 14MW-1 15MW-1 16MW-1 17

MW-1 18MW-1 19MW-1 20MW-1 21MW-1 22MW-1 23MW-1 24

Altitude 

(ft)

_.

562.42

561.60

559.77558.41

559.80

560.12563.30

559.44

558.08

555.58

557.70557.59

560.53556.19556.92

555.57

556.93555.73555.32555.40554.93555.51557.09

Site 

(fig. 2)

MW-1 25

MW-1 26

MW-1 27MW-1 28MW-1 29

MW-1 30

MW-1 31

MW-1 32MW-133MW-1 34MW-1 35

MW-136

MW-137

MW-1 38MW-1 39MW-1 40MW-141MW-142MW-143MW-144

MW-145MW-146MW-1 47MW-1 48

Altitude 

(ft)

557.83555.73

555.79556.24

556.86557.79558.80557.22

556.67

556.86558.98557.41559.20556.25

557.57

560.75

559.26574.87

568.20

557.72

559.34559.06556.21

560.55

Site 

(fig. 2)

MW-1 49MW-1 50

MW-151

MW-1 52MW-153MW-1 54MW-1 55MW1-1A

MW1-1B

MW1-2AMW1-2BMW1-3AMW1-3B

MW1-4AMW1-4BMW2-1A

MW2-1B

MW3-1A

MW3-1BMW4-1A

MW4-1B

MW4-2A

MW4-2B

USGS-1

Altitude 

(ft)

..

567.05

560.56

561.01561.37558.76

558.70

569.05562.85558.95

558.97

558.65558.52

571.63561.84555.97555.96

557.25557.19559.06

558.83

561.14561.11557.87

Site

(fig. 2)

USGS-2SUSGS-2DUSGS-3SUSGS-3DUSGS-4

USGS-5S

USGS-5DUSGS-6

USGS-7

USGS-8SUSGS-8D

USGS-9SUSGS-9D

SP11SP4

MW13-67

MW28-67

River upper

River lower

Creek upper

Creek lower

Altitude 

(ft)

..

- 559.96

559.74559.55561.12561.12

557.20556.60554.32

553.80561.28561.29

560.51564.94553.01559.69

562.45558.72555.58551.59
92 28 92 241

38 54'

3850'

EXPLANATION

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 13. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, August 27-29, 2001.

Tables and Illustrations 45
o 

o

CM

CD 

CM

CM

CD 

-Q

E

Q. 

CD 

CO

CO 

CD 

O) 

CO 

O)

CO 

T3

CO 

U) "CD

O)

c

tn <*-

CD 6C

> co

.2 Q

£i O

CO £

-S I

o 5

CD ^

T3 u

^ c

< »

w

Q(N

OO ^H

ON t~;

(N (N

cn m

Q

m "t

en en en en en

O O O O O

en en en en en

cnenenenenencnen

oo 

06

X 3 ^

U U

2 g

d o

(N 

(N

ON O -H

CN CN CN

ON 

OO

(N 

(N

in «n m «n

in «n «n «n

in m m «n m in in in «n «n

O -H

CN CN

46 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 28' 92 24'

38 54' -

38 501 -

n

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

i r

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 14. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, September 25-26, 2001.

Tables and Illustrations 47
0 

0 

CVJ

J

CD

.a 

o

o 

Oto"

CD 

D) 

CO 

D)

to

CO 

V) "CD

O) .2

d C3

0 g

'c 

o

E if

CO <E

CD 6T

> fN

— Q

»- >

B a

g z

5 QJ 

M- •*

O xi

CD ^ 

"D u

i 1 • a

i -1

|2 <

CO •o ^

w g

CO •o ^

~ £

o CN" 

wg

CO •o ^

1 &

CN" 

a> ^

^

CO

•o ^_^

'•P ^^

<

sg

£GGGGGGGGGGGGG

'— Ooo-—

48 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
38 54" -

38 501 -

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval 1 

and 5 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0 0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 15. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, October 16-17, 2001.

Tables and Illustrations 49
o 

o

CM

CD 

.0

E

CD

S

CD 

D) 

CO 

D)

CO

•o

c

CO 

JO

1

D)

c

O '

E if

JO «

CD 6T

> ra

® Q

£ 5

/_ i ?>

o .g

CD ^ "D D

_fl> S

•Q 2

o> •o

3 c

s

50 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 24'

38 54'

38 50'

EXPLANATION

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval 1 

and 5 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 16. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, November 5-6, 2001.

Tables and Illustrations 51
Table 16. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells and staff gages, December 3-4, 2001

o0

I

•n

1

D) Q.O 5C 3

0)

Q.C

?

»ff1(DI5'

3D)

0

00

Q)

(D

00

O

o oE"o- 5' 

2ffo

j

ro

[Altitudes are in feet above NGVD 29; ft, feet; --, no data]

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW-101MW-102

MW-103

MW-104

MW-105

MW-106MW-107

MW-108

MW-109MW-110

MW-111

MW-112

MW-113MW-114

MW-115MW-116 

MW-117MW-118

MW-119

MW-120MW-121 

MW-122 

MW-123

MW-124

Altitude 

(ft)

567.77

567.06

566.69561.87559.62

561.74

562.46565.63

563.90

561.77

555.78

558.97558.73

563.29555.06557.38 555.39555.11554.90

553.87553.48 552.72 553.85554.17

Site 

(fig. 2)

MW-L25

MW-126

MW-127

MW-128MW-129MW-130MW-131MW-132

MW-133MW-134

MW-135MW-136

MW-137MW-138MW-139MW-140 MW-141MW-142

MW-143MW-144MW-145 MW-146 MW-147MW-148

Altitude 

(ft)

554.57

553.33

553.77

554.04554.38

555.26

556.13

554.72554.83554.69

556.21555.29

556.37

554.53

555.22558.72 556.52574.73567.96

555.17556.99 

556.81 

554.96

564.23

Site 

(fig. 2)

MW-149MW-150

MW-151MW-152MW-153

MW-154

MW-155MW1-1A

MW1-1B

MW1-2AMWI-2BMW1-3A

MW1-3BMW1-4AMW1-4B

MW2-1A 

MW2-1B

MW3-1A

MW3-1B

MW4-1AMW4-1BMW4-2A 

MW4-2B

USGS-1

Altitude 

(ft) -- 566.39

557.66558.50

558.86

555.97

556.28

568.64

561.56

556.22

556.23 -- 555.73

571.47560.43554.65 554.64557.37

557.29

561.75561.61 

563.85 563.86

558.38

Site 

(fig- 2)

USGS-2SUSGS-2DUSGS-3S

USGS-3DUSGS-4

USGS-5SUSGS-5D

USGS-6

USGS-7USGS-8S

USGS-8D

USGS-9S

USGS-9D

SP11SP4

MW13-67 

MW28-67

River upperRiver lower

Creek upperCreek lower

Altitude 

(ft)

565.88566.07

565.15

564.87562.57

568.04568.05

560.16558.34553.05552.83

558.57

558.58561.63565.00552.78 

564.47559.25555.30

551.40551.18
92 28' 92 241

38 54'

38 50'

EXPLANATION

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval 1 

and 5 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

0.5 1 MILE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 17. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, December 3-4, 2001.

Tables and Illustrations 53
Table 17. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells and staff gages, January 28-29, 2002

O5

Q. 

SIn •n

i

0)Q.

O

5

cQ.

0) 3 Q.

0)

18i5f •^ 3"

<5 3ao'3

0)2O CD0)n00

o

3

03 

wO oE3CT5'

255"

v> oIo1

[Altitudes are in feet above NGVD 29; ft, feet; --, no data]

Site 

(fig. 2)

MW-101MW-102

MW-103

MW-104

MW-105MW-106

MW-107MW-108

MW-109

MW-110MW-111MW-112

MW-113MW-114MW-115MW-116MW-117MW-118

MW-119

MW-120

MW-121MW-122MW-123

MW-124

Altitude 

(ft)

559.18

560.26

559.22556.32

555.40

556.41

556.52558.35

555.40

554.34552.54554.60

553.31557.39552.38553.90552.14552.43552.18

550.57552.22551.32

551.35

552.64

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW-125

MW-126

MW-127MW-128

MW-129MW-130MW-131MW-132

MW-133

MW-134MW-135

MW-136

MW-137MW-138MW-139MW-140MW-141

MW-142

MW-143

MW-144MW-145MW-146MW-147

MW-148

Altitude 

(ft)

553.06 -- 560.51

— 553.31

554.16

554.91553.57

553.38

552.81553.76552.26

553.52550.94 __ 557.96

555.33

574.48567.55

552.87554.19554.12552.14557.35

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-149MW-150

MW-151

MW-152

MW-153

MW-154

MW-155MW1-1AMW1-1BMW1-2AMW1-2B

MW1-3AMW1-3BMW1-4AMW1-4B

MW2-1A

MW2-1BMW3-1AMW3-1B

MW4-1A

MW4-1BMW4-2A

MW4-2BUSGS-1

Altitude 

(ft)

- 567.68

555.74555.58

555.92

554.51

554.89568.23

561.00

555.10555.10554.64

554.51571.24559.92552.59

552.58554.01553.93

555.54555.42

556.91556.92

554.67

Site

(fig. 2)

USGS-2SUSGS-2D

USGS-3S

USGS-3D

USGS-4USGS-5SUSGS-5D

USGS-6USGS-7

USGS-8S

USGS-8D

USGS-9S

USGS-9D

SP11SP4

MW13-67

MW28-67

River upperRiver lower

Creek upperCreek lower

Altitude 

(ft)

559.00559.00557.85557.63

556.39

560.07560.06

554.36552.52

551.18550.89556.07

556.09561.18564.94

._

556.97560.01552.40

552.04548.62
92 28'

38 54"

38 50'

92 24' 

I

n

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

MONITORING WELL 

STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

l I I

0 0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 18. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, January 28-29, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 55
CM O O CMco~

0]

_Q

c/} 

(D 

CD 

0] 

CD

T3 

0]

-i -3

o ;

E tf

Q 6C

0]

"o

(D 

T3

<D CM 

tn O)

0) .

.•£ D)

O) ^

S S

s

COCO

OO

COCOC/3

OOO

C/3C/3C/3

C/5C/5C/5C/3

OOOO

C/3I/2

OO

00C/3C/3C/3C/300

C/3I/2

OO

C/3C/3 Cu

C/3

(X 

C/3

o r- vo m CM — •n «n «n in in in

«n «n >n in in <n

B:

fSI l-i l-i -^*i ,X ^! o> o> o> o>

[^ ^ ^ D D

S 5 2 u u

CM «n

p vc

i-^ CM

•n «n «n «n in «n

O 

vc

p

00

vc in>nin«n«ninininin«n

^ o o

p in i—

CM CM CM

•n m «n

m m «n

o 

m 

•n •n «n «n in

56 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 28'

38 541

3850'

92 241

I

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560 — WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 19. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, February 12-13, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 57
CM 

O 

O

cu 

cvT

cv

CO 

CD 

CD 

CO 

D)

CO

T3 

C 

CO 

U) "o

CD

C

o *

CD 

T3

•s

JE c

< B

o> 2

T- ID — o m»

.— ~D) 

W 5P

w^

•n in in «n

C/3C/3C/3C/3C/3C/3C/3C/3C/3C/3C/3C/3C/3 

aOOOOOOOOOOOO

DH 

§" OH O

3 i—'

a

C/3

> > D m

3 3 C u

r- ON

—<' O

r- vc

m m «n

t

s

PQ CQ < PQ CQ

s

m r- 

•n

PQ

•n in «n «n in

•n in «n «n in

-H o ^- ^r o "^" t— "^" ON ^3"

OJ O tS «— C3 in in «n «n «n in in «n in «n

^r

(N

58 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 28 9224'

38 54'

38 501

EXPLANATION

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicated depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 20. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, March 21-22, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 59
ou 

o 

o

C\J

O 

CO

CM

C/} 

CD 

CD 

CO 

CD

-a

CO 

tn "CD

CD 3

•I -3

CD 6C

I S

oj o

to ^

o

CD 

T3

O 

CM

to5>

0) .

.t; D> 

co ;=

.-s £

o-— i -H o vovO

q

(N

s

O —

vo rin «n «n «n

s

ooooooooooooo

O. 

C/3 S

I

u u

in «n in in

in «n m in 

m «n m m

oVO

O

VO•n

^ o

•n m

•n «n

60 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 28' 92 24'

38 54' -

38 50' -

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

MONITORING WELL 

STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 21. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, April 29-30, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 61
CM O 

O

CM

CM

CO 

CD 

CD 

CO 

CD

CO

T3

C 

CO 

CO

CD

C

CD 

T3

3

.-e £

. ,

w

«n«nin«ninin«n«n«nininininmin«n«n in in «n

co O co P

CN CN CO CO ^3"

CO CO CO CO CO

O O O O O

CO CO CO CO CO

cocococococococo

U U

p r^ p in

vo in«ninin«n«n«ninin«ninin«n«nin«ninininin«nin

in «n •—< CN CN ft ro

m

•n in «n

o 

•n

r-;

vo

CO 

CO

(N (N OO

ininvoin •n vo vo in vo

•n in in in in

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•^ oq r~; p in r~; ro i—i 06 06 c3 r~-

vo vo in m \c in

•n m in in «n in

s

62 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 28' 92 24'

38541

38 50'

EXPLANATION

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0 0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 22. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, May 20-21, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 63
CM

8

CM 

CO

(D 

D) 

CO 

D)

C 

CO 

U) "o

D)

c

•••i -3

0) •o

3 £•

s £

0) •o 2 £"

o> .

:£ D) (/) ^=

VO OO P*J "^J" CN O ON '—' ON

vo O oo ON in cN cN ^~ ON

vo vo vo vo vo ^O in in in ininminininininin

on Q on Q onQ onQonD 

ononononononononononc/nonon

ooooooooooooo ononononononononononononon

ON 

ON

ininininmininin

I & I i—t 3 «-^

•^ a a ^ u u

inininininininininininin

in in m in in in m

s s

rm 

m

(N\o 

oVO

m

ON 

ON

(N

ON

ON

O

o 

o

VO VO VO VO

m

s

(N ^H

m m

O 

m

O 

m

O 

m

ON 

m

s s

m

rtin in in in in in in in

a

64 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 28'

38 541

38 50'

92 24'

I

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

560 — WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 23. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, June 17-18, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 65
o

Table 23. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells and staff gages, July 15-16, 2002

[Altitudes are in feet above NGVD 29; ft, feet; --, no data]

c a.

D>(5•n 

oD>aO5

caD>

ac

fnI

£<?5"

ff 

5

oo'

3D>

2o 00S3.0)00

a0w?

c

3 

g; 55'2§

c

£§I

Site 

(fig. 2)

MW-101MW-102MW-103MW-104

MW-105

MW-106MW-107MW-108

MW-109MW-110MW-111MW-112

MW-113MW-114

MW-115

MW-116MW-117

MW-118

MW-119MW-120MW-121

MW-122

MW-123MW-124

Altitude 

(ft)

558.75

561.32559.85558.22558.46558.46

558.56559.83

557.26

556.27555.56556.70

555.45

559.32554.59556.10

554.69

555.22

554.81

554.13554.39

554.12553.34554.36

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-125MW-126

MW-127

MW-128

MW-129

MW-130

MW-131

MW-132MW-133

MW-134

MW-135MW-136

MW-137MW-138MW-139MW-140

MW-141

MW-142

MW-143

MW-144

MW-145

MW-146MW-147MW-148

Altitude 

(ft)

554.39

554.48554.78554.41555.60556.73

557.21555.78

555.65

555.05

556.18554.88

556.22553.01556.00559.25557.18

574.89568.09555.90557.12557.22

554.68558.54

Site 

(fig. 2)

MW-149MW-150

MW-151MW-152

MW-153MW-154

MW-155

MW1-1A

MWI-1BMW1-2AMW1-2BMW1-3A

MW1-3BMW1-4A

MW1-4B

MW2-1A

MW2-1BMW3-1AMW3-1BMW4-1A

MW4-1BMW4-2AMW4-2B

USGS-1

Altitude 

(ft)

- 566.82

558.50558.65

559.14

556.71

556.84568.75

562.39

556.95556.98556.75

556.62

562.51

561.53554.69554.66

556.12556.09557.55557.41558.93558.94556.91

Site

(fig. 2)

USGS-2S

USGS-2D

USGS-3SUSGS-3D

USGS-4

USGS-5SUSGS-5D

USGS-6

USGS-7

USGS-8S

USGS-8D

USGS-9S

USGS-9D

SP11SP4

MW 13-67MW28-67

River upper

River lower

Creek upper

Creek lower

Altitude 

(ft)

560.48560.46558.49558.26557.93

- 560.23

555.91

554.83

553.49

552.91559.65

559.66560.85563.70552.04558.40

558.90555.10552.34551.27
92 28 92 24

38 541

38 50'

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

560 — WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval 1 

and 5 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

T I

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 24. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, July 15-16, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 67
CM 

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D)

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D) 

03 

D)

03

to

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CO

(D

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O r68 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
9228 92 24'

38 54'

38 50'

EXPLANATION

I———I CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

I___I WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

1 and 5 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A. STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0 0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 25. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, August 12-13, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 69
Table 25. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells and staff gages, September 9-10, 2002

o0

aB.^ •n

i

D>a

O0

c 

a.D>

a.c

?£

»^

<o 

J!2.o3s

o 00S3.

(D

CD

s0

w0ocg- ju"S8

1ooI

[Altitudes are in feet above NGVD 29; ft, feet; --, no data]

Site 

(fig. 2)

MW-101

MW-1 02

MW-1 03MW-1 04

MW-1 05

MW-1 06

MW-1 07

MW-1 08MW-1 09MW-1 10

MW-1 11MW-1 12MW-1 13

MW-1 14

MW-1 15MW-1 16

MW-1 17MW-1 18MW-1 19MW-1 20MW-1 21MW-1 22MW-1 23MW-1 24

Altitude 

(ft)

557.60560.06557.54556.04555.37556.08556.33

557.39557.82556.08552.64554.84555.10

557.00553.32554.27

552.61553.80553.15

551.16

552.93552.57550.50551.31

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW-1 25

MW-1 26MW-1 27

MW-1 28

MW-1 29MW-1 30MW-131

MW-1 32MW-133

MW-1 34

MW-1 35MW-1 36

MW-1 37MW-138

MW-1 39MW-1 40

MW-141

MW-1 42MW-143MW-1 44

MW-1 45

MW-1 46MW-1 47

MW-148

Altitude 

(ft)

551.84552.34553.18553.79553.59555.21556.92

553.67552.21551.73554.47552.59554.59

550.73552.99

559.00

555.83574.40567.78553.20

555.56

555.15551.84556.42

Site 

(fig- 2)

MW-149

MW-1 50

MW-1 51MW-1 52MW-1 53MW-1 54MW-1 55MW1-1AMW1-1BMW1-2AMW1-2BMW1-3AMW1-3BMW1-4A

MW1-4BMW2-1AMW2-1B

MW3-1A

MW3-1BMW4-1A

MW4-1BMW4-2AMW4-2B

USGS-1

Altitude 

(ft)

- 566.69

556.18557.56558.04

554.64

554.94568.44

561.50

555.69555.69554.99554.86

571.16560.42553.39

553.39554.36554.30555.89

555.89

557.55557.59554.88

Site 

(fig- 2)

USGS-2S

USGS-2D

USGS-3SUSGS-3D

USGS-4

USGS-5S

USGS-5DUSGS-6USGS-7USGS-8SUSGS-8DUSGS-9SUSGS-9D

SP11

SP4

MW13-67

MW28-67

River upper

River lower

Creek upper

Creek lower

Altitude 

(ft)

558.36558.38566.74556.54556.80559.92559.93556.40

554.83

553.03552.96557.56557.58

558.49563.85552.96

558.87558.30554.40

551.50

550.67
92°28' 92°24'

38°54'

38°50'

n

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR-Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval 1 

and 5 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0 0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 26. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, September 9-10, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 71
CM 

O 

O 

CM

CD 

.0

O 

T3

O

c/f

CD 

D) 

03 

D)

D)

C

CD •D

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.-i £

. 0) 

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72 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 28' 92 24'

38 54'

38 50'

n

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE 

_I

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 27. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, October 7-8, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 73
Table 27. Altitude of water levels in monitoring wells and staff gages, November 4, 2002

[Altitudes are in feet above NGVD 29; ft, feet; --, no data]

1

Q.1

•n

i

a>Q.O3

Q.

Q.

1

1

SI(DI3a0

2a(D

00

|OTOo

Fg;S5T(0

of

§i

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-1 01

MW-1 02MW-1 03MW-1 04

MW-1 05MW-1 06

MW-1 07 MW-1 08 

MW-1 09

MW-1 10 MW-1 11 MW-1 12MW-1 13

MW-1 14

MW-1 15MW-1 16 MW-1 17MW-1 18 

MW-1 19MW-1 20MW-121

MW-1 22

MW-1 23

MW-1 24

Altitude 

(ft)

566.79

565.95565.56561.99

559.52

560.54560.97 564.91 

562.29

559.20 554.61 557.15557.29562.08

553.95555.96 554.00553.94553.55

550.85

551.99551.69

550.18550.91

Site

(fig. 2)

MW-1 25MW-126MW-1 27MW-1 28MW-1 29MW-1 30MW-131

MW-132 MW-1 33

MW-134 

MW-1 35 MW-136

MW-137MW-1 38

MW-1 39MW-140 MW-141

MW-142 

MW-143MW-144MW-145MW-1 46

MW-147

MW-1 48

Altitude 

(ft)

551.42551.50

552.43552.76

552.78

554.23555.89 

552.93 552.24549.88 554.26 

552.84554.71

549.63552.52557.83 

554.62

574.55 

567.77

550.73555.48554.86

549.22563.38

Site 

(fig. 2)

MW-149MW-1 50MW-151

MW-1 52

MW-1 53MW-1 54

MW-1 55 MW1-1A 

MW1-1B

MW1-2A 

MW1-2B 

MW1-3AMW1-3B

MW1-4AMW1-4BMW2-1A 

MW2-1B

MW3-1A 

MW3-1B

MW4-1A

MW4-1BMW4-2A

MW4-2B

USGS-1

Altitude 

(ft)

_ 565.05

553.03

557.57

557.97551.52

551.60 568.42 561.00554.60 554.61 552.00551.86

571.19559.96553.29 553.59555.54 

555.77

559.49

559.50562.50

562.51

556.97

Site

(fig. 2)

USGS-2SUSGS-2D

USGS-3S

USGS-3D

USGS-4USGS-5S

USGS-5D 

USGS-6 

USGS-7

USGS-8S USGS-8D USGS-9SUSGS-9D

SP11SP4

MW13-67 

MW28-67

River upper 

River lower

Creek upperCreek lower

Altitude 

(ft)

565.22

565.22563.90563.68

560.51567.10

567.11 558.95 556.82552.27 

552.28 554.90554.94

559.25

563.88552.26 562.05558.70 

554.80551.79551.03
92 28'

38 54'

38 50'

92 24'

I

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

0.5 1 MILE

0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 28. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, November 4, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 75
o 

o

eg

o> 

.a

E

a> Q

w a>

D) 

05 

D)

W

•a

05 

jo "o

D)

i §

o !

E if

d) 6C

> ts ? °

S o

I ?

is i

Q) «

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00CM 53

fli "^ ^« <3

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76 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02
92 28' 92 24'

38 54'

38 50'

n

CITY OF COLUMBIA WASTEWATER-TREATMENT 

WETLAND UNIT

PAVED ROAD—Solid gray represents gravel road

_ 560— WATER-TABLE CONTOUR—Shows altitude of

water table. Dashed where approximately located. 

Hachures indicate depression. Contour interval is 

variable, in feet. Vertical datum is NGVD 29

• MONITORING WELL 

A STAFF GAGE

1 MILE

I I I

0 0.5 1 KILOMETER

Figure 29. Altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer, December 12, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 77
570 IT

568 -

566 -

564 -

562

560

558 -

556 -

554 L

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 

2001 2002

Figure 34. Daily mean water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-104, August 31, 2001, 

through December 11, 2002.

570

568

566

564

562

560

558

556

554

L I I I I I I _

MW-107

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 

2001 2002

Figure 35. Daily mean water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-107, August 31, 2001, 

through December 11, 2002.

78 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri-2000-02
569

567

565

563

561

559

557

555

553

551

MW-111

I______I

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 

2001 2002

Figure 36. Daily mean water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-111, August 31, 2001, 

through December 11, 2002.

569

567

565

563

561

559

557

555

553

551

MW-113

Monitoring Well MW-113 

Missouri River at Boonville

595

590

585

580 LU 

Q

ID

575 LU

O

CO

570 to

565

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 

2001 2002

Figure 37. Daily mean water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-113, August 31, 2001, 

through December 11, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 79
567

565

563

561

559

557

555

553

551

MW-115

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 

2001 2002

Figure 38. Daily mean water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-115, September 7, 

2001, through December 11, 2002.

567

565

563

561

559

557

555

553

MW-116

551

Sep Oct Nov Dec I Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 

2001 2002

Figure 39. Daily mean water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-116, September 7, 

2001, through December 11, 2002.

80 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri--2000-02
MW-121

562

560

558

556

554

552

o><M 

Q 

> 550

2 

LJJ

< 548

\^ Sep Oct Nov Dec I Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

tt! 2001 2002

z

of Figure 40. Daily mean water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-121, August 31, 2001, 

QJ through December 11, 2002.

561

560

559

558

557

556

555

554

553

552

551

MW-127

No data

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 

2001 2002

Figure 41. Daily mean water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-127, August 31, 2001, 

through December 11, 2002.

Tables and Illustrations 81
572

570

568

566

564

562

560

558

556

554

552

550

MW-135

Monitoring Well MW-135 

Missouri River at Boonville

j____i

595

590

585

580

575

cr 

O

CO 570 c/5

565

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 

2001 2002

Figure 42. Daily mean water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-135, August 31, 2001, 

through December 11, 2002.

560

559

558

557 -

556 -

555 -

554 -

553

Sep Oct Nov Dec I Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 

2001 2002

Figure 43. Daily mean water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-141, September 7, 

2001, through December 11, 2002.

82 Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri-2000-02
575

g> 574 

Q

(3

573

572

571

570

569

568

567

MW-143

Sep Oct Nov Dec I Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 

2001 2002

Figure 44. Daily mean water-level altitude in monitoring well MW-143, September 7, 

2001, through December 11, 2002.

Tables and illustrations 83

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 2003 — 555-178/20041




SMITH—Ground-Water Flow and Ground- and Surface-Water Interaction at—USGS 

McBaine Bottoms, Columbia, Missouri—2000-02