Alaska Resource Data File, Russian 

Mission quadrangle, Alaska 

By Travis L. Hudson1

 and Madelyn A. Millholland2

Open-File Report 02–70 

2002 

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological 

Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, 

firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the 

U.S. Government. 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

 

1

 Sequim, Washington 

2

 Anchorage, Alaska 
Alaska Resource Data File 

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic code. Any use 

of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Government. 

OPEN-FILE REPORT 02-70 

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Distribution of mineral occurrences in the Russian Mission

1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska

 This and related reports are accessible through the USGS World Wide Web site 

http://ardf.wr.usgs.gov. Comments or information regarding corrections or missing

data, or requests for digital retrievals should be directed to: Frederic Wilson, USGS, 4200 

University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508-4667, e-mail fwilson@usgs.gov, telephone (907) 

786-7448. This compilation is authored by:

 Travis L. Hudson, Sequim, WA

 and

 Madelyn A. Millholland, Anchorage, AK

Russian Mission quadrangle

 Descriptions of the mineral occurrences shown on the accompanying figure follow. 

See U.S. Geological Survey (1996) for a description of the information content of each field 

in the records. The data presented here are maintained as part of a statewide database 

on mines, prospects and mineral occurrences throughout Alaska.
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 2 

Site name(s): Disappointment Creek 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM001 

Latitude: 61.867 Quadrangle: RM D-8 

Longitude: 161.889 

Location description and accuracy:

 Disappointment Creek flows north to Wilson Creek from its headwaters near the summit of Mount Okumiak. The map site is on the lower part of the creek, in the NW1/4 sec. 

35, T. 21 N., R. 69 W., of the Seward Meridian. It is included in locality 8 of Hoare and 

Cobb (1972, 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: PGE 

Ore minerals: Gold, hematite, magnetite, platinum 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 Placer gold mining of about the lower one-half mile of Disappointment Creek started in 

1914 and continued intermittently until 1939 (Hoare and Cobb, 1977). The pay streak 

was as much as 300 feet wide. The gravels were 10 to 12 feet thick upstream and more 

than 35 feet thick at the mouth. The gravels comprised mostly small and well-rounded 

pebbles and cobbles as much as 8 inches in diameter. The placer concentrates included 

hematite, magnetite, and minor platinum (Harrington, 1918). Bedrock near the mouth includes slate and conglomerate. Elsewhere in the drainage, Carboniferous (?) to Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks are intruded by Mesozoic or Tertiary granitic rocks 

(Hoare and Coonrad, 1959). 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au-PGE (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

RM001 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 3 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

Production Status: Yes; small 

Site Status: Inactive 

Workings/exploration:

 Open-cut mining took place intermittently from 1914 to 1939. A shaft sunk 35 feet 

failed to reach bedrock near the mouth, but it was abandoned because of flooding. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Harrington, 1918; Hoare and Coonrad, 1959; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 

1977. 

Primary reference: Hoare and Cobb, 1977 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM001 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 4 

Site name(s): Wilson Creek (including Happy Creek) 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM002 

Latitude: 61.873 Quadrangle: RM D-8 

Longitude: 161.880 

Location description and accuracy:

 Wilson Creek is a west-flowing drainage in the lowlands north of Mount Okumiak. It 

has been placer mined between the junction of Elephant Creek (RM004) and Disappointment Creek (RM001). The map site is in the NW1/4 sec. 35, T. 21 N., R. 69 W., of the 

Seward Meridian. It is included in locality 8 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: PGE 

Ore minerals: Gold, hematite, magnetite, platinum 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 Gold was discovered on Wilson Creek in 1913, and some mining took place on this 

creek between the mouths of Disappointment Creek (RM001) and Elephant Creek 

(RM004). The placer deposit on Wilson Creek may be continuous with those on Disappointment and Elephant Creeks. Happy Creek is a north tributary to Wilson Creek that 

enters between Disappointment and Elephant Creeks. Fine, well-worn gold on bedrock 

was reported on Happy Creek (Brooks, 1915). It is assumed that Brooks' report refers to 

lower Happy Creek near the Wilson Creek flood plain. In general, gold was irregularly 

distributed in deeper gravels of Wilson Creek. 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

RM002 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 5 

39a 

Production Status: Yes; small 

Site Status: Probably inactive 

Workings/exploration:

 The workings along Wilson Creek were probably open-cut operations. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Brooks, 1915; Hoare and Cobb, 1972 ; Hoare and Cobb, 1977. 

Primary reference: Hoare and Cobb, 1977 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM002 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 6 

Site name(s): Edgar Creek 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM003 

Latitude: 61.895 Quadrangle: RM D-8 

Longitude: 161.791 

Location description and accuracy:

 Edgar Creek is a west headwater tributary of the Kuyukutuk River. The prospect is on 

the north side of the headwaters of Edgar Creek and is approximately located, perhaps 

within one-half mile. The map site is at an elevation of 750 feet, in the SW1/4 sec. 20, T. 

21 N., R. 68 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is locality 2 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 

1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold 

Gangue minerals: Quartz 

Geologic description:

 Harrington (1918) reported that free-milling gold in quartz veins was discovered near 

the head of Edgar Creek. Claims were staked on these veins, but other information about 

them is not available. Hoare and Coonrad (1959) show a prospect symbol at this location 

and interpret the country rocks as Paleozoic to Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic strata 

of the Gemuk Group. 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Cretaceous or younger. Veins crosscut Carboniferous (?) to Cretaceous rocks of the 

Gemuk Group (Hoare and Coonrad, 1959). 

Deposit model:

Low-sulfide Au-quartz veins? (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 36a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

36a? 

RM003 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 7 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Probably inactive 

Workings/exploration:

 Claims were staked on this prospect by 1916, and some surface excavations are probably present. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Harrington, 1918; Hoare and Coonrad, 1959; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 

1977. 

Primary reference: Harrington, 1918 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM003 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 8 

Site name(s): Elephant Creek 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM004 

Latitude: 61.861 Quadrangle: RM D-8 

Longitude: 161.859 

Location description and accuracy:

 Elephant Creek flows north to Wilson Creek from headwaters 1.7 miles east of the summit of Mount Okumiak. Placer mining may have taken place at least locally along about 

2 miles of its length. The map site is at an elevation of about 350 feet in the southeast 

corner of sec. 35, T. 21 N., R. 69 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is locality 9 of Hoare 

and Cobb (1972, 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: W 

Ore minerals: Gold, scheelite 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 The trail development along Elephant Creek suggests that placer gold mining may have 

taken place at least locally along about 2 miles of its length upstream from Wilson Creek 

(RM002). The placer gold was discovered in 1914, and hydraulic mining was under way 

by 1916. The gold is in modern stream deposits and is accompanied by minor scheelite 

(Joesting, 1942). Bedrock in the Elephant Creek drainage is sedimentary and igneous 

rocks of the Gemuk Group that are locally intruded by Mesozoic or Tertiary granitic rocks 

(Hoare and Coonrad, 1959). The sedimentary rocks include chert, siltstone, sandstone, 

and conglomerate, and the intrusive rocks include biotite quartz monzonite, diorite, gabbro, hornblende porphyry, and felsic rocks (Bull and Schneider, 1997). 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

RM004 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 9 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

Production Status: Yes; small 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Underground mining methods were used before 1916; hydraulic methods were used 

from 1916 intermittently until at least 1940. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Joesting, 1942; Hoare and Coonrad, 1959; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; 

Bull and Schneider, 1997. 

Primary reference: Hoare and Cobb, 1977 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM004 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 10 

Site name(s): Arnold 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM005 

Latitude: 61.830 Quadrangle: RM D-8 

Longitude: 161.896 

Location description and accuracy:

 The Arnold prospect is in the northeast headwaters of Willow Creek. It is at an elevation of about 1,250 feet and 1 mile east-southeast of the summit of Mount Okumiak. The 

map site is in the SW1/4 sec. 12, T. 20 N., R. 70 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is locality 1 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: Cu, Mo, Pb, W 

Ore minerals: Anglesite, chalcopyrite, galena, gold, hematite, magnetite, malachite, molybdenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, scheelite 

Gangue minerals: Calcite, iron carbonate, limonite, quartz 

Geologic description:

 The Arnold prospect was first staked in 1914 (Harrington, 1918). It has been explored 

with surface trenches and pits at several times since, but mining has not occurred. The 

deposit is quartz veins, quartz vein stockworks, and quartz-cemented breccia in pyritebearing mafic volcanic rocks intruded by quartz porphyry. As mapped by Turner (1987), 

the breccia is commonly in quartz porphyry but also includes greenstone fragments. The 

largest stockwork and (or) breccia zone is about 200 feet wide and 700 feet long, but exposure is mostly slope rubble. Most geologic units trend northwest, including welldeveloped shears and small faults; contacts are commonly slickensided. The quartz veins 

contain as much as 2 percent sulfide minerals, including chalcopyrite, galena, molybdenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and sphalerite. Other minerals in the veins include magnetite, 

hematite, anglesite, malachite, limonite, scheelite, and calcite. The best gold grades are in 

quartz veins. Selected quartz veins contain as much as 2.72 ounces of gold per ton but 

altered greenstone with or without quartz veins commonly contains a few tens to a few 

hundreds parts per billion gold (Turner, 1987). Homestake collected 78 rock, 5 stream 

sediment, and 70 soil samples in the general area, but almost all anomalous samples were 

from the Arnold prospect (Bull and Schneider, 1997). The anomalous rock and soil samples mostly contained a few tens to hundreds of parts per billion gold, although one quartz 

RM005 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 11 

vein with visible gold contained 63.5 grams of gold per ton. Copper, in the 100 to 835 

ppm range, was the element most commonly anomalous in these samples. Molybdenum, 

as much as 126 ppm, was locally anomalous, and lead, zinc, silver, antimony, and arsenic 

were present in low amounts in most of the samples. A reconnaissance examination of 

the prospect for radioactive minerals did not find any material containing more than 0.001 

percent equivalent uranium (West, 1954). The general area is one where mafic volcanic 

rocks are intruded by a variety of intermediate to felsic igneous rocks (Hoare and Coonrad, 1959; Turner, 1987; Bull and Schneider, 1997). Mineralization appears to be dominantly associated with felsic intrusive rocks. 

Alteration:

 Silicification, oxidation, sericitization, iron-carbonate development, and potassic replacement(?). 

Age of mineralization:

 Cretaceous or Tertiary. The altered and mineralized host volcanic rocks are part of the 

Gemuk Group that includes rocks as young as Early Cretaceous (Hoare and Coonrad, 

1959). The felsic intrusive rocks in the prospect area may be part of a Upper Cretaceous 

and Lower Tertiary suite of igneous rocks that are widespread in southwest Alaska (e.g., 

Box and others, 1993). 

Deposit model:

Polymetallic veins (Cox and Singer, 1986: model 22c) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

22c 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Active 

Workings/exploration:

 The Arnold prospect has been explored with surface trenches, pits, and dozer cuts several times since it was first staked in 1914. Drilling has not been reported. Surface mapping and sampling was completed for Calista Corporation in the 1980's (Turner, 1987), 

and additional sampling, including a soil grid, was completed in 1997 (Bull and Schneider, 1997). 

Production notes:

 A test shipment of high-grade material returned $80 per ton in 1915. 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

RM005 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 12 

Harrington, 1918; West, 1954; Hoare and Coonrad, 1959; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare 

and Cobb, 1977; Turner, 1987; Box and others, 1993; Bull and Schneider, 1997. 

Primary reference: Turner, 1987 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM005 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 13 

Site name(s): Willow Creek 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM006 

Latitude: 61.806 Quadrangle: RM D-8 

Longitude: 161.906 

Location description and accuracy:

 Willow Creek flows south to Spruce Creek from headwaters near the summit of Mount 

Okumiak. Placer mining took place along about 2 miles of the drainage from the headwaters of the west fork of Willow Creek downstream to an elevation of about 200 feet. 

The map site is on the creek at the village of Willow Creek, near the west boundary of 

sec. 24, T. 20 N., R. 70 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is locality 7 of Hoare and Cobb 

(1972,1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: Ag, Pt 

Ore minerals: Gold, hematite, ilmenite, magnetite, platinum 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 Placer gold was discovered on Willow Creek in 1914. Mining started in 1915, and 

more than 12,000 ounces were produced in 1916 (Hoare and Cobb, 1977). By the 1950's, 

placer mining took place along about 2 miles of the drainage from the headwaters of the 

west fork of Willow Creek near the Arnold lode prospect (RM005) downstream to an elevation of about 200 feet. The deposits were rich. Retherford (1987) estimated that the 

average grade may have been 0.049 ounce of gold per cubic yard and Brooks (1922) reported that recovery was as much as one-third ounce ($6) of gold per cubic yard. As 

much as 85,000 ounces of gold may have been produced from Willow Creek by the 

1950's (Retherford, 1987). Inasmuch as many of the gravels were coarse and bouldery, 

much mining included the separate washing of large, angular boulders. Retherford (1987) 

divided the creek into three segments: (1) the upper canyon is the first mile below the 

Arnold prospect, where the steep-walled, narrow valley carries 5 to 15 feet of gravel on 

bedrock; (2) the lower canyon is the next 3,500 feet of the creek, where the flood plain 

gradually broadens downstream and the alluvial fill is 15 to 35 feet thick; and (3) the next 

mile downstream is an alluvial fan ('deltaic') complex that has not been mined. The gold 

was commonly coarse and concentrated on bedrock in the upper canyon. In the middle 

RM006 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 14 

part of the lower canyon, 15 feet of overburden alluvium with moderate to low gold values covered a thin clay hardpan. Below the hardpan, gold was distributed through 15 feet 

of a bouldery and clayey pay zone above bedrock (Retherford, 1987). Placer concentrates 

contained magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, and minor platinum (Harrington, 1918). Retherford (1987) estimated that the potential reserves at Willow Creek include (1) about 

480,000 cubic yards of tailings with a grade of 0.008 to 0.012 ounce of gold per cubic 

yard; and (2) 2,715,000 cubic yards of unmined material in the alluvial fan complex that 

may have a grade of 0.02 ounce of gold per cubic yard. The low elevation (in part about 

150 feet) and proximity to the lower Yukon River lowlands suggests that Quaternary sealevel fluctuations may have influenced the development of the Willow Creek placer deposit. 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au-PGE (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

Production Status: Yes; medium 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Hand methods, draglines, scrapers, and eventually dozers were used in mining. A ditch 

was built in 1917 to divert water from Slope Creek to Willow Creek for use in hydraulic 

mining. A dryland dredge was brought in after WWII and operated for a few years. 

Many exploration shafts were sunk along the lower part of the creek, nearby tributaries, 

and along the mountain front both to the east and west of Willow Creek (Retherford, 

1987). 

Production notes:

 Retherford (1987) estimated that the average grade may have been 0.049 ounce of gold 

per cubic yard,and Brooks (1922) reported that recovery was as much as one-third ounce 

($6) of gold per cubic yard. As much as 85,000 ounces of gold may have been produced 

from Willow Creek by the 1950s (Retherford, 1987). 

Reserves:

 Retherford (1987) estimated that the potential reserves at Willow Creek include (1) 

about 480,000 cubic yards of tailings with a grade of 0.008 to 0.012 ounce of gold per cubic yard, and (2) 2,715,000 cubic yards of unmined material in the alluvial fan complex 

that may have a grade of 0.02 ounce of gold per cubic yard. 

RM006 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 15 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Harrington, 1918; Brooks, 1922; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Retherford, 1987. 

Primary reference: Retherford, 1987 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM006 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 16 

Site name(s): Kako 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM007 

Latitude: 61.908 Quadrangle: RM D-7 

Longitude: 161.470 

Location description and accuracy:

 The Kako prospect is on the ridge crest at the head of Buster Creek (see RM008). It is 

on a saddle at an elevation of about 800 feet, 1,200 feet southwest of hill 901. The map 

site is in the SE1/4 sec. 13, T. 21 N., R. 67 W., of the Seward Meridian. 

Commodities: 

 Main: Ag, Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold 

Gangue minerals: Clay, iron oxide, jarosite(?), quartz, sericite 

Geologic description:

 The Kako lode gold prospect was discovered in 1974 by Resource Associates of Alaska 

(RAA) geologists under contract to Calista Corporation. RAA completed surface examination and a grid geochemical survey in 1974 and 1975. Calista Corporation and others 

continued work on the prospect in 1989 (Hickok and McAtee, 1990), 1996, and 1997 

(Enos, 1997; Bull and Schneider, 1997). The principal gold-bearing area that has been 

identified is centered on a saddle at the head of Buster Creek, where there is a 30- by 300-

foot area of rhyolite breccia. The breccia consists of angular sericite/clay-altered rhyolite 

fragments in a matrix of quartz, iron oxide, sericite/clay, and possibly jarosite (Bull and 

Schneider, 1997). It is vuggy and variably silicified. Thirty-two rock samples of the breccia range in gold content from 100 ppb to 900 ppb (Hickok and McAtee, 1990). Silver 

content ranges as much as 9.6 ppm, and arsenic content is commonly several hundred 

parts per million to greater than 2,000 ppm. A few hundred rock and soil samples have 

been collected in the general prospect area over several years. These samples show that 

arsenic is widely distributed at anomalous levels that are commonly a few hundred or 

more parts per million. Other elements locally occur in anomalous amounts (Hickok and 

McAtee, 1990). These include silver (to 17.9 ppm), copper (to 562 ppm), lead (to 431 

ppm), zinc (to 750 ppm), antimony (to 112 ppm), and mercury (to 100 ppm). Bedrock in 

the area of the prospect includes a zone about 2,500 feet across in which outcrops of felsic intrusive rocks are common. These rocks consist of aphanitic rhyolite to quartz porRM007 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 17 

phyry that intrude strata that include chert, limestone, siltstone, and shale. The sedimentary rocks are in contact to the north and south with mafic volcanic rocks (Enos, 1997). 

The sedimentary and mafic volcanic rocks are part of the Paleozoic to Mesozoic Gemuk 

Group (Hoare and Coonrad, 1959). The bedrock units and several faults strike approximately northwest-southeast and trend toward Buster Creek (RM008), where felsic intrusive rocks have been reported to be bedrock in some areas of previous placer mining 

(Hickok and McAtee, 1990). 

Alteration:

 Silicification, sericite/clay replacement, and oxidation. 

Age of mineralization:

 Cretaceous or Tertiary. Mineralization is hosted by felsic intrusive rocks that are probably part of a regional suite of Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary igneous rocks that are 

widespread in southwest Alaska. The sedimentary rocks intruded by the felsic igneous 

rocks may be as young as Early Cretaceous (Hoare and Coonrad, 1959). 

Deposit model:

Gold in altered and brecciated rhyolite 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Active 

Workings/exploration:

 The Kako prospect has been explored by surface mapping and grid-based soil and rock 

geochemical surveys. Some of the geochemical surveys used hand and power augers to 

recover subsurface materials. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Hoare and Coonrad, 1959; Hickok and McAtee, 1990; Bull and Schneider, 1997; Enos, 

1997. 

Primary reference: Hickok and McAtee, 1990 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM007 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 18 

Site name(s): Buster Creek 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM008 

Latitude: 61.904 Quadrangle: RM D-7 

Longitude: 161.447 

Location description and accuracy:

 Buster Creek is a west tributary of lower Kako Creek. It is not named on the USGS 

1:63,360 topographic map (1952 edition) of the area. The junction of Buster Creek with 

Kako Creek is 3 miles north-northwest of Kako Landing on the Yukon River. The map 

site is at the midpoint of about 1 mile of placer workings on Buster Creek, in the NE1/4 

sec. 19, T. 21 N., R. 66 W., of the Seward Meridian. It is locality 10 of Hoare and Cobb 

(1972, 1977). The site is called the 'Kako Mine' on the Russian Mission D-7 topographic 

map. 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: Hg 

Ore minerals: Arsenopyrite, cassiterite, cinnabar, gold, ilmenite, magnetite, scheelite 

Gangue minerals: Garnet 

Geologic description:

 Placer gold was discovered on Buster Creek in 1920, and about 4,800 feet of the uppermost part of the drainage was mined by WWII. This mining was by hand, scraper, and 

dragline operations, and an estimated 5,000 to 7,000 ounces of gold were recovered 

(Hickok and McAtee, 1990). In the 1980's, the Penz family restarted mining with dozer, 

hoe, loader, and sluice and jig operations. They patented four claims on the creek in 

1989. In 1940, H. R. Joesting (written commun. to J. Ramstad, 1940) used exploration 

drilling results to estimate that there were two unmined segments of the creek with potential economic reserves totaling about 8,000 ounces of gold. About three-quarters of these 

reserves were downstream of the patented claims. The placer gold is rough, coarse, and 

irregular in shape. Many pieces are attached to quartz, sericite-altered rhyolite, and, 

rarely, arsenopyrite (Hickok and McAtee, 1990). Other minerals recovered with the gold 

include cinnabar, garnet, arsenopyrite, scheelite, cassiterite, magnetite, and ilmenite. 

Rhyolite pebbles and cobbles are abundant in the stream gravels. The placer gold in 

Buster Creek is derived from the rhyolite-hosted Kako lode gold prospect (RM007) on the 

saddle between Buster Creek and East Fork Kuyukutuk River. 

RM008 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 19 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986, model 39a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

Production Status: Yes; small 

Site Status: Active 

Workings/exploration:

 Placer gold was discovered on Buster Creek in 1920 and about 4,800 feet of the uppermost part of the drainage was mined by WWII. This mining was by hand, scraper, and 

dragline, and an estimated 5,000 to 7,000 ounces of gold were recovered (Hickok and 

McAtee, 1990). In the 1980's, the Penz family restarted mining with dozer, hoe, loader, 

and sluice and jig operations. They patented four claims on the creek in 1989. 

Production notes:

 An estimated 5,000 to 7,000 ounces of gold were recovered from Buster Creek before 

WWII (Hickok and McAtee, 1990). 

Reserves:

 In 1940, R. Joesting (written communication to Mr. J. Ramstad) used exploration drilling results to estimate that there were two unmined segments of the creek with potential 

economic reserves totaling about 8,000 ounces of gold. About three-quarters of these reserves were downstream of the patented claims. 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Joesting, 1940; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Hickok and McAtee, 

1990. 

Primary reference: Hickok and McAtee, 1990 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM008 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 20 

Site name(s): Bobtail Creek 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM009 

Latitude: 61.911 Quadrangle: RM D-7 

Longitude: 161.419 

Location description and accuracy:

 Bobtail Creek is a north tributary to Buster Creek (RM008), a west tributary to Kako 

Creek. These creeks are not named on the USGS 1:63,360 topographic map (1952 edition) of the area. The map site of the Bobtail Creek placer mine is 4.5 miles northwest of 

Kako Landing on the Yukon River. It is about 0.1 mile southwest of the center of sec. 17, 

T. 21 N., R. 66 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is locality 14 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 

1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: Hg 

Ore minerals: Cinnabar, gold 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 Bobtail Creek was mostly mined by dragline in the 1930's. Mining took place from an 

elevation of about 220 feet,downstream for a distance of about 2,500 feet (Hickok and 

McAtee, 1990). The tailings gravel mostly comprise siltstone and shale, along with 10 

percent or less chert, rhyolite, tuff, and andesite (Hickok and McAtee, 1990, p. 11). 

Joesting (1942) reported that rare cinnabar accompanies the placer gold. Hickok and 

McAtee (1990) estimated that 2,000 to 4,000 ounces of gold were recovered from Bobtail 

Creek and that reserves exist along and below the old tailings. Bobtail Creek heads on 

the ridge where the rhyolite-hosted Kako lode gold prospect (RM007) is located. 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

RM009 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 21 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

Production Status: 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 About 2,500 feet of dragline workings are present on Bobtail Creek. 

Production notes:

 Hickok and McAtee (1990) estimate that 2 to 4 thousand ounces of gold were recovered 

from Bobtail Creek. 

Reserves:

 Hickok and McAtee (1990, p. 11) conclude that reserves are present along and below 

the old tailings. 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Joesting, 1942; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Hickok and McAtee, 

1990. 

Primary reference: Hickok and McAtee, 1990 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM009 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 22 

Site name(s): Montezuma Creek 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM010 

Latitude: 61.905 Quadrangle: RM D-7 

Longitude: 161.412 

Location description and accuracy:

 Montezuma Creek is a small drainage between Buster Creek (RM008) and Bobtail 

Creek (RM009). These creeks are not named on the USGS 1:63,360 topographic map 

(1952 edition) of the area. All three creeks are west tributaries of lower Kako Creek. The 

map site of the Montezuma placer mine is 4 miles north-northwest of Kako Landing on 

the Yukon River. The site is about 0.2 mile north of a landing strip in the NE1/4 sec. 20, 

T. 21 N., R. 66 W., of the Seward Meridian. Montezuma Creek is included in localities 

11, 12, and 13 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 Montezuma Creek is a small stream between Bobtail (RM009) and Buster Creeks 

(RM008). Although mining has been reported from as early as 1924 and intermittently 

until 1936 (Hoare and Cobb, 1977), little is known about the placer deposit or the mine 

workings. Hickok and McAtee (1990, p. 11) noted that reserves are expected on Montezuma Creek along and below old workings. The headwaters of Montezuma Creek trend 

toward the Kako lode gold prospect (RM007). 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

RM010 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 23 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

Production Status: Yes; small 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Some open-cut mine workings are expected to be present along Montezuma Creek. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Hickok and McAtee, 1990. 

Primary reference: Hoare and Cobb, 1977 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM010 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 24 

Site name(s): Black Mountain 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM011 

Latitude: 61.791 Quadrangle: RM D-1 

Longitude: 159.304 

Location description and accuracy:

 Black Mountain, unnamed on the USGS 1:63,360 topographic map (1952 edition) of 

the area, is an isolated 1585-foot-high upland about 2.3 miles southwest of Molybdenum 

Mountain. The map site is 0.25 mile south of the summit of Black Mountain at an elevation of about 1,350 feet. It is in the SW/4 sec. 29, T. 20 N., R. 55 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is locality 3 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977). Hoare and Coonrad (1959) 

show a prospect symbol at this location. 

Commodities: 

 Main: Ag, Au, Sb 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Stibnite 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 A single, 2-inch wide, stibnite-bearing vein in shaly sandstone was traced for a distance 

of 200 feet at this location (Ebbley and Wright, 1948). The vein trends subparallel to the 

contact between clastic sedimentary country rocks and a granitic stock upslope to the 

north of the vein (Ebbley and Wright, 1948; Hoare and Coonrad, 1959). Host rocks to the 

vein are not altered, and only one vein has been identified at this prospect. A sample collected along 50 feet of the vein contained 48.9 percent antimony, 0.02 ounce of gold per 

ton, and 0.2 ounce of silver per ton (Ebbley and Wright, 1948). The sedimentary rocks 

may either be part of the mid-Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group (Hoare and Coonrad, 1959), 

or possibly an upper Paleozoic or Mesozoic section correlative with parts of the Gemuk 

Group (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). The nearby granitic rocks may be part of a Cretaceous or Tertiary igneous assemblage that is widespread through southwest Alaska. 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Cretaceous or Tertiary (?). The vein crosscuts clastic sedimentary rocks that may range 

RM011 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 25 

in age from lare Paleozoic to mid-Cretaceous (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). The nearby 

granitic rocks may be Cretaceous or Tertiary. 

Deposit model:

Simple Sb deposits (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 27d) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

27d 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Inactive 

Workings/exploration:

 Cady and others (1955) reported that claims have been staked on the prospect. Some 

small pits or trenches are probably present. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Ebbley and Wright, 1948; Cady and others, 1955; Hoare and Coonrad, 1959; Hoare and 

Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Bundtzen and Laird, 1991. 

Primary reference: Ebbley and Wright, 1948 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM011 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 26 

Site name(s): Brink (Molybdenum Mountain) 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM012 

Latitude: 61.804 Quadrangle: RM D-1 

Longitude: 159.250 

Location description and accuracy:

 This prospect is on the southeast side of Molybdenum Mountain at an elevation of 

about 800 feet, upslope of the Owhat River. The map site is in the SE/4 sec. 21, T. 20 N., 

R. 55 W., of the Seward Meridian. It is approximately located, perhaps within one-half 

mile. This is locality 4 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977). Hoare and Coonrad (1959) 

showed a prospect symbol at this location. 

Commodities: 

 Main: Mo 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Molybdenite, powellite(?) 

Gangue minerals: Quartz 

Geologic description:

 Float specimens from this location contained molybdenite and powellite (?) in quartz 

(Smith, 1942). Hoare and Coonrad (1959) show a prospect symbol in a granitic stock at 

this location. The granitic stock may be part of a Cretaceous or Tertiary igneous assemblage that is widespread through southwest Alaska. The country rocks to the stock are 

clastic sedimentary rocks that may be part of the mid-Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group 

(Hoare and Coonrad, 1959) or possibly an older Paleozoic or Mesozoic section correlative 

with the Gemuk Group (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Cretaceous or Tertiary (?). The granitic rocks may be part of a Cretaceous or Tertiary 

igneous assemblage that is widespread through southwest Alaska. The country rocks to 

the stock are clastic sedimentary rocks that may be part of the mid-Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group (Hoare and Coonrad, 1959) or possibly an older Paleozoic or Mesozoic section correlative with the Gemuk Group (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

RM012 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 27 

Deposit model:

Porphyry Mo? (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 21b) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

21b? 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Inactive 

Workings/exploration:

 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Smith, 1942; Hoare and Coonrad, 1959; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; 

Bundtzen and Laird, 1991. 

Primary reference: Hoare and Cobb, 1977 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM012 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 28 

Site name(s): Unnamed (northern Russian Mountains) 

Site type: Occurrence 

ARDF no.: RM013 

Latitude: 61.699 Quadrangle: RM C-1 

Longitude: 159.196 

Location description and accuracy:

 This occurrence is in the northern Russian Mountains, on a ridge crest 1,500 feet northeast of peak 2940. The map site is in the NE1/4 sec. 35, T. 19 N., R. 55 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is sample locality 3 of Bundtzen and Laird (1991). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Ag, Cu, Pb, Sb 

 Other: Cd 

Ore minerals: Arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, malachite 

Gangue minerals: Quartz 

Geologic description:

 Bundtzen and Laird (1991) report two, small, malachite-stained quartz veins containing 

chalcopyrite, galena, and arsenopyrite. The veins are 1 to 3 centimeters wide and occur 

along northwest-trending joints in the cupola zone of a syeno-monzonite just below the 

contact with thermally metamorphosed andesite country rocks. A sample of the veins 

contained 0.46 percent arsenic, 0.13 percent antimony, 0.94 percent lead, 0.09 percent 

cadmium, and 45 ppm silver; gold was not detected. The veins are in the Upper Cretaceous intrusive complex of the Russian Mountains (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Alteration:

 Quartz veining. 

Age of mineralization:

 Late Cretaceous or Tertiary. Veins crosscut part of the intrusive complex of the Russian Mountains. Quartz monzonite from this complex has yielded a K/Ar age of 70.3 +/- 

2.1 Ma (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Deposit model:

Polymetallic veins (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 22c) 

RM013 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 29 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

22c 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Inactive 

Workings/exploration:

 Surface observation and sampling has been completed (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Bundtzen and Laird, 1991. 

Primary reference: Bundtzen and Laird, 1991 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM013 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 30 

Site name(s): Ptarmigan 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM014 

Latitude: 61.632 Quadrangle: RM C-1 

Longitude: 159.229 

Location description and accuracy:

 The Ptarmigan prospect is on the southwest flank of the Russian Mountains. It is on the 

low ridge along the west side of Mission Creek, opposite the mouth of Ptarmigan Gulch. 

The map site is at an elevation of about 1,050 feet and about 0.25 mile south-southeast of 

the center of sec. 22, T. 18 N., R. 55 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is sample locality 

19 of Bundtzen and Laird (1991). 

Commodities: 

 Main: U 

 Other: Amethyst 

Ore minerals: 

Gangue minerals: Quartz 

Geologic description:

 Bundtzen and Laird (1991) report that a brecciated and quartz-flooded zone in hornfels 

contains small vugs lined with euhedral, even doubly terminated, amethyst crystals to 5 

centimeters long. A sample of this material contained 38 ppm uranium. The hornfels is 

developed in Cretaceous clastic sedimentary rocks peripheral to the intrusive complex of 

the Russian Mountains (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Alteration:

 Silicification. 

Age of mineralization:

 Late Cretaceous or Tertiary. Veins post-date hornfels developed around the intrusive 

complex of the Russian Mountains. Quartz monzonite from this complex has yielded a 

K/Ar age of 70.3 +/- 2.1 Ma (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Deposit model:

Silicified zone in hornfels 

RM014 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 31 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Some small surface pits may be present. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Bundtzen and Laird, 1991. 

Primary reference: Bundtzen and Laird, 1991 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM014 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 32 

Site name(s): Unnamed (western Russian Mountains) 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM015 

Latitude: 61.670 Quadrangle: RM C-1 

Longitude: 159.093 

Location description and accuracy:

 This occurrence is in the Russian Mountains on the east side of the cirque valley at the 

head of Cobalt Creek. The map site is at an elevation of about 1,950 feet, in the northwest corner of sec. 9, T. 18 N., R. 54 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is sample locality 

9 of Bundtzen and Laird (1991). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: Sn 

Ore minerals: 

Gangue minerals: Quartz 

Geologic description:

 A gossan-rich, sheeted quartz vein in hornfels has been explored by a now-caved adit at 

this location. Euhedral quartz crystals are well-developed in the vein. A sample contained 250 ppb gold, 250 ppm arsenic, and 62 ppm yin (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). The 

prospect is within about 300 feet of the southern contact of the Russian Mountains intrusive complex. 

Alteration:

 Quartz veining. 

Age of mineralization:

 Late Cretaceous or Tertiary. Veins post-date hornfels developed around the intrusive 

complex of the Russian Mountains. Quartz monzonite from this complex has yielded a 

K/Ar age of 70.3 +/- 2.1 Ma (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Deposit model:

Polymetallic veins? (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 22c) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

RM015 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 33 

22c? 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Inactive 

Workings/exploration:

 A now-caved adit explored this prospect. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Bundtzen and Laird, 1991. 

Primary reference: Bundtzen and Laird, 1991 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM015 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 34 

Site name(s): Owhat (Cobalt Creek) 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM016 

Latitude: 61.663 Quadrangle: RM C-1 

Longitude: 159.108 

Location description and accuracy:

 The Owhat prospect is in the Russian Mountains in the cirque valley at the head of Cobalt Creek. The map site is at the approximate center of sec. 8, T. 18 N., R. 54 W., of the 

Seward Meridian. This is locality 6 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977), and sample locality 

13 of Bundtzen and Laird (1991). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au, Cu, Sb, Sn 

 Other: Ag, Bi, Co, Pb, Zn 

Ore minerals: Arsenopyrite, aramayoite, bismuth, bismuthite, bornite, chalcopyrite, galena, 

gold, marcasite, pekoite or gladite, pyrite, sphalerite, stephanite, stetefeldite, tetrahedrite 

Gangue minerals: Axinite, quartz, tourmaline 

Geologic description:

 The Owhat, or Cobalt Creek prospect was discovered by Native prospectors before 

1900 (Maddren, 1915; Holzheimer, 1926). The deposits include 8 to 10 sulfidetourmaline-axinite-quartz veins or greisens in syeno-monzonite (Bundtzen and Laird, 

1991). The individual greisens are several inches to more than 3 feet thick in a zone that 

is 5 to 26 feet thick; the average width of the zone is about 8 feet ,and it has been traced 

more than 280 feet vertically. The greisens trend northwest and dip steeply northeast near 

a contact with an axinite-bearing andesite porphyry dike. The mineralized zone has been 

traced on the surface for a distance of 870 feet, and extensions totaling 650 feet in both 

directions are indicated by the distribution of mineralized float. The deposit is mineralogically complex and includes arsenopyrite, aramayoite, bismuth, bismuthite, bornite, chalcopyrite, galena, gold, marcasite, pekoite or gladite, pyrite, sphalerite, stephanite, stetefeldite and tetrahedrite in the sulfide-rich material in the quartz-tourmaline-axinite 

greisen. Multiple episodes of mineralization are indicated by cross-cutting relations 

among the veins. Late-forming minerals include arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite, 

but the youngest cross-cutting assemblages include bornite, stephanite, tetrahedrite, 

sphalerite, and lead-bismuth sulfides (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). Microprobe analyses 

indicate that arsenopyrite contains 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent gold in lattice structures. 

RM016 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 35 

Bundtzen and Laird (1991) collected 16 chip-channel samples averaging 4.4 feet wide, 

along 860 feet of the greisen zone. The samples average 5.3 ppm gold, 13.4 percent arsenic, 0.21 percent antimony, 0.39 percent copper, 0.07 percent tin, 0.05 percent zinc, and 

0.017 percent cobalt. Assuming dimensions, in feet, of 4.4 x 280 x 870, Bundtzen and 

Laird (1991) estimated that the resource at this prospect is 63,000 tons of material with 

the stated average grades. The syeno-monzonite host rocks are part of the Upper Cretaceous intrusive complex of the Russian Mountains (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Alteration:

 Silicification and tourmalinization. 

Age of mineralization:

 Late Cretaceous or Tertiary. Veins crosscut part of the intrusive complex of the Russian Mountains. Quartz monzonite from this complex has yielded a K/Ar age of 70.3 +/- 

2.1 Ma (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Deposit model:

Polymetallic veins (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 22c) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

22c 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Three shallow shafts as much as 40 feet deep and several surface trenches and pits explore about 800 feet of strike length of this deposit. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 Assuming dimensions, in feet, of 4.4 x 280 x 870, Bundtzen and Laird (1991) estimate 

that the resource at this prospect is 63,000 tons of material with average grades of 5.3 

ppm gold, 13.4 percent arsenic, 0.21 percent antimony, 0.39 percent copper, 0.07 percent 

tin, 0.05 percent zinc, and 0.017 percent cobalt. 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Maddren, 1915; Holzheimer, 1926; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Bundtzen and Laird, 1991. 

Primary reference: Bundtzen and Laird, 1991 

RM016 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 36 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM016 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 37 

Site name(s): Louise 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM017 

Latitude: 61.666 Quadrangle: RM C-1 

Longitude: 159.118 

Location description and accuracy:

 This prospect is on the west side of the cirque valley at the head of Cobalt Creek in the 

Russian Mountains. The map site is at an elevation of about 1,850 feet, about 0.25 mile 

west of a small cirque-basin lake, in the NW1/4 sec. 8, T. 18 N., R. 54 W., of the Seward 

Meridian. This is sample locality 12 of Bundtzen and Laird (1991). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: Sb, Sn 

Ore minerals: Arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite 

Gangue minerals: Quartz, tourmaline 

Geologic description:

 The Louise prospect is about 1,500 feet northwest of the Owhat prospect (RM016). According to Bundtzen and Laird (1991), it was first reported by Holzheimer (1926) as a 

1,000-foot-long gold-arsenic deposit. Bundtzen and Laird (1991) described the deposit as 

an arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, quartz, and black tourmaline vein that trends northwest for 

at least 245 feet along the contact between syenite and an altered andesite porphyry dike. 

The width of this poorly exposed vein could not be determined. A sample of the vein 

contained 4.1 ppm gold, 10 percent arsenic, 0.99 percent antimony, and 0.12 percent tin 

(Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). The host rocks are part of the Upper Cretaceous intrusive 

complex of the Russian Mountains. 

Alteration:

 Quartz and tourmaline veining. 

Age of mineralization:

 Late Cretaceous or Tertiary. Veins crosscut part of the intrusive complex of the Russian Mountains. Quartz monzonite from this complex has yielded a K/Ar age of 70.3 +/- 

2.1 Ma (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

RM017 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 38 

Deposit model:

Polymetallic veins? (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 22c) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

22c? 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Probably inactive 

Workings/exploration:

 Surface observation and sampling have been completed (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Holzheimer, 1926; Bundtzen and Laird, 1991. 

Primary reference: Bundtzen and Laird, 1991 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM017 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 39 

Site name(s): Headwall 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM018 

Latitude: 61.658 Quadrangle: RM C-1 

Longitude: 159.111 

Location description and accuracy:

 This prospect is in the Russian Mountains on the northeast flank of the sharp ridge between the headwaters of Cobalt and Mission Creeks. The map site is in the SW1/4 sec. 

8, T. 18 N., R. 54 W., of the Seward Meridian. It is at an elevation of about 2,350 feet, 

about 0.15 mile south-southwest of a small cirque-basin lake. It is sample locality 14 of 

Bundtzen and Laird (1991). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au, Sb, Sn 

 Other: Cu, Pb 

Ore minerals: Arsenopyrite, bindheimite, bismuth, chalcopyrite, galena, pekoite, scorodite 

Gangue minerals: Quartz, sericite, tourmaline 

Geologic description:

 The Headwall prospect is in syenite and includes several 10-foot wide banded tourmaline greisen zones that trend northwest for a distance of at least 790 feet (Bundtzen and 

Laird, 1991). The zones are exposed over a vertical range of 400 feet. The tourmaline 

greisens contain euhedral quartz, along with sericite and sulfide veinlets and clots. Arsenopyrite, native bismuth, pekoite, galena, bindheimite, and scorodite have been identified 

in the sulfide-rich assemblages (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). The sulfide-bearing zones 

are disrupted by later faulting. Six channel samples average 3.3 ppm gold, 7.32 percent 

arsenic, 0.16 percent antimony, and 0.04 percent tin. Bismuth, copper, and lead analyses 

are not available. Assuming dimensions, in feet, of 4.45 x 400 x 790, Bundtzen and Laird 

(1991) estimated a resource of 82,900 tons of material with the stated average grades. 

The host rocks are part of the Upper Cretaceous intrusive complex of the Russian Mountains. 

Alteration:

 Silicification and tourmalinization. 

Age of mineralization:

RM018 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 40 

 Late Cretaceous or Tertiary. Greisens crosscut part of the intrusive complex of the Russian Mountains. Quartz monzonite from this complex has yielded a K/Ar age of 70.3 +/- 

2.1 Ma (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Deposit model:

 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Surface observation and sampling has been completed (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 Assuming dimensions, in feet, of 4.45 x 400 x 790, Bundtzen and Laird (1991) estimate a resource of 82,900 tons of material with average grades of 3.3 ppm gold, 7.32 percent arsenic, 0.16 percent antimony, and 0.04 percent tin. Bismuth, copper, and lead 

analyses are not available. 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Bundtzen and Laird, 1991. 

Primary reference: Bundtzen and Laird, 1991 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM018 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 41 

Site name(s): Konechney Prospect (Mission Creek) 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM019 

Latitude: 61.651 Quadrangle: RM C-1 

Longitude: 159.112 

Location description and accuracy:

 This prospect is in the Russian Mountains on the ridge at the head of Mission Creek, 

1,000 feet northeast of peak 2710. The map site is in the NW1/4 sec. 17, T. 18 N., R. 54 

W., of the Seward Meridian. This is locality 5 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977) and sample locality 15 of Bundtzen and Laird (1991). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Ag, Au, Cu 

 Other: Pb, Sb?, Sn, U?, W 

Ore minerals: Arsenopyrite, azurite, bornite, cassiterite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, chrysocolla, covellite, cuprite, galena, goethite, gold, malachite, metazeunerite, pyrite, scheelite, 

stephanite, stibnite(?) 

Gangue minerals: Quartz, tourmaline 

Geologic description:

 This prospect, discovered and first staked in 1921, is named after one of its discovers, 

Joseph Konechney. Konechney persistently explored the prospect with trenches and two 

levels of underground workings for many years (Hoare and Coonrad, 1977). The deposits 

are quartz-sulfide-tourmaline greisen veins developed near the contact between syenite 

and an axinite-bearing andesite porphyry dike. The mineralized zone, which has been 

traced northwest for at least 470 feet, contains quartz tourmaline, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, metazeunerite, gold, scheelite, and cassiterite. Late-forming minerals include 

chalcocite, bornite, stibnite (?), stephanite, covellite, cuprite, azurite, malachite, goethite, 

and chrysocolla (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). Twelve channel samples collected by Bundtzen and Laird (1991) combined with five collected by Holzheimer (1926) average 4.44 

ppm gold, 1.64 percent copper, 1.14 percent arsenic, and 0.24 percent antimony. The 

samples also contain anomalous levels of tin (to 200 ppm), silver (to 317 ppm), and uranium (to 106 ppm). The only sample analyzed for bismuth by Bundtzen and Laird (1991) 

contained 112 ppm of this element. Wedow and others (1953) and West (1954) examined 

the prospect for radioactive minerals; the highest eU content they observed was 0.006 

percent. Assuming dimensions, in feet, of 3.4 x 400 x 470, Bundtzen and Laird (1991) 

RM019 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 42 

estimated a resource of 37,600 tons of material with the stated average grades. The country rocks are part of the Upper Cretaceous intrusive complex of the Russian Mountains. 

Alteration:

 Silicification and tourmalinization. 

Age of mineralization:

 Late Cretaceous or Tertiary. Veins crosscut part of the intrusive complex of the Russian Mountains. Quartz monzonite from this complex has yielded a K/Ar age of 70.3 +/- 

2.1 Ma (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Deposit model:

Polymetallic veins (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 22c) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

22c 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Surface trenches and two adits (now caved) with a total of 900 feet of underground 

workings have been completed. The main adit was 800 feet long. Maps of the underground workings were made by Holzheimer (1926) and are described in Bundtzen and 

Laird (1991). 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 Assuming dimensions, in feet, of 3.4 x 400 x 470, Bundtzen and Laird (1991) estimate 

a resource of 37,600 tons of material averaging 4.44 ppm gold, 1.64 percent copper, 1.14 

percent aresenic, and 0.24 percent antimony, along with as much as 200 ppm tin, 317 ppm 

silver, and 106 ppm uranium. 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Holzheimer, 1926; Wedow and others, 1953; West, 1954; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare 

and Cobb, 1977; Bundtzen and Laird, 1991. 

Primary reference: Bundtzen and Laird, 1991 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM019 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 43 

Site name(s): Unnamed (southern Russian Mountains) 

Site type: Occurrence 

ARDF no.: RM020 

Latitude: 61.636 Quadrangle: RM C-1 

Longitude: 159.101 

Location description and accuracy:

 This occurrence is in the Russian Mountains about 0.7 mile southeast of peak 2815. 

The map site is on a ridge crest, at an elevation of about 2,500 feet, about 0.25 mile east 

of the center of sec. 20, T. 18 N., R. 54 W., of the Seward Meridian. It is sample localities 16 and 17 of Bundtzen and Laird (1991). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Sb 

 Other: Nd, Ta, U 

Ore minerals: 

Gangue minerals: Limonite, quartz 

Geologic description:

 This occurrence consists of two gossan-rich quartz veins, as much as 1.5 feet wide, 

along northwest-trending joints and fractures in quartz syenite (Bundtzen and Laird, 

1991). Sulfide minerals were not identified in these strongly oxidized veins. Samples 

contained up to 0.3 percent arsenic, 1.5 percent antimony, 353 ppm neodymium, 54 ppm 

tantalum, and 52 ppm uranium. The host quartz syenite is part of the Late Cretaceous intrusive complex of the Russian Mountains (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Alteration:

 Quartz veining. 

Age of mineralization:

 Late Cretaceous or Tertiary. Veins crosscut part of the intrusive complex of the Russian Mountains. Quartz monzonite from this complex has yielded a K/Ar age of 70.3 +/- 

2.1 Ma (Bundtzen and Laird, 1991). 

Deposit model:

Polymetallic veins? (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 22c) 

RM020 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 44 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

22c? 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Probably inactive 

Workings/exploration:

 Surface observation and sampling has been completed. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Bundtzen and Laird, 1991. 

Primary reference: Bundtzen and Laird, 1991 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM020 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 45 

Site name(s): Ophir Creek 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM021 

Latitude: 61.239 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.846 

Location description and accuracy:

 Ophir Creek flows northwest to the Kuskokwim River from headwaters along the west 

side of Mount Hamilton. The map site is located on the creek in the SE/4 sec. 3, T. 13 N., 

R. 59 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is locality 16 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 Maddren (1915) reported that fine colors of gold were found along upper Ophir Creek 

as early as 1901-02, but serious prospecting did not start until 1913. The alluvial deposits 

along the upper 5 miles of the creek are coarse gravels that contain large cobbles and 

boulders. Farther downstream, the gravels become finer, and silt makes up a large part of 

the deposits. Alluvial fan deposits from tributary streams have been incised by Ophir 

Creek. The incised fan deposits are frozen, but the gravels of the present Ophir Creek 

floodplain are not. Prospect shafts as deep as 38 feet have been used to explore Ophir 

Creek, but the fine gold, although widespread along Ophir Creek and its tributaries, does 

not appear to be significantly concentrated. Mining has not been reported along Ophir 

Creek, but the entire upper drainage and its tributaries were once staked. Bedrock in upper Ophir Creek includes large areas of thermally metamorphosed Jurassic rocks along 

the northeast side of a large mid-Cretaceous granitic pluton (Box and others, 1993). 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

RM021 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 46 

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Probably inactive 

Workings/exploration:

 Surface prospecting, sinking of shafts to depths of at least 38 feet, and some drilling and 

trenching have been done along Ophir Creek. The upper 10 miles of the creek and its 

tributaries have been staked. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Maddren, 1915; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Box and others, 1993. 

Primary reference: Maddren, 1915 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM021 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 47 

Site name(s): Unnamed (north of Mount Hamilton) 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM022 

Latitude: 61.222 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.794 

Location description and accuracy:

 This prospect is on the crest of a ridge north of Mount Hamilton and east of Ophir 

Creek, near a local summit with an elevation of 1,310 feet. The map site is at the northeast corner of sec. 14, T. 13 N., R. 59 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is locality 1 of 

Frost (1990). The location is probably accurate within one-quarter mile. 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold, pyrite 

Gangue minerals: Calcite, chlorite, iron oxide, quartz 

Geologic description:

 Frost (1990) described gold- and pyrite-bearing quartz veins cutting sericitized andesite 

and volcaniclastic hornfels at this location. The veins are vuggy and contain euhedral 

quartz prisms extending into open spaces. Other gangue minerals in the iron oxidestained veins are commonly calcite and chlorite. A quartz vein from this prospect contained 12 ppm gold and 10 ppm silver (Frost, 1990, sample locality 1). Bedrock in the 

area includes thermally metamorphosed Jurassic volcanic or volcaniclastic rocks (Box 

and others, 1993). The thermal metamorphism is caused by a large mid-Cretaceous granitic pluton exposed to the west of Ophir Creek. 

Alteration:

 Sericitization and silicification. 

Age of mineralization:

 Cretaceous or Tertiary. The gold-bearing quartz veins crosscut hornfels developed in 

country rocks around a mid-Cretaceous granitic pluton. 

Deposit model:

Low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 36a) 

RM022 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 48 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

36a 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Prospecting pit(s) are present at this location. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Frost, 1990; Box and others, 1993. 

Primary reference: Frost, 1990 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM022 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 49 

Site name(s): Bogus Creek 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM023 

Latitude: 61.192 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.998 

Location description and accuracy:

 This placer prospect is very approximately located in the headwaters of Bogus Creek. 

Bogus Creek flows northwest to the Kuskokwim River and the map site is arbitrarily located along the headwater drainage in the NE1/4 sec. 27, T. 13 N., R. 60 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is locality 15 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 Placer gold colors have been found along upper Bogus Creek where it drains foothills to 

the Kuskokwim River lowlands (Maddren, 1915). In about 1904, a prospect shaft was 

sunk to a depth of about 50 feet in frozen gravel somewhere along this part of the creek. 

Bedrock in upper Bogus Creek includes volcanic rocks of the Whitefish Lake volcanic 

field and thermally metamorphosed Jurassic rocks along the west side of a large, midCretaceous granitic pluton (Box and others, 1993). 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

RM023 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 50 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Inactive 

Workings/exploration:

 At least one 50-foot shaft was dug on upper Bogus Creek. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Maddren, 1915; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Box and others, 1993. 

Primary reference: Maddren, 1915 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM023 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 51 

Site name(s): Firebear 

Site type: Occurrence 

ARDF no.: RM024 

Latitude: 61.078 Quadrangle: RM A-4 

Longitude: 160.149 

Location description and accuracy:

 This occurrence is on a small knob at an elevation of about 700 feet in the NW1/4 sec. 

5, T. 11 N., R. 61 W., of the Seward Meridian. It is about 1,500 feet northwest of a saddle having an elevation of 685 feet. 

Commodities: 

 Main: Ag, Au, Hg 

 Other: Pb 

Ore minerals: 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 This occurrence consists of an epithermal hot spring deposit containing carbonized fossil plant fragments preserved in siliceous cap rock. Grab samples of the deposit contain 

as much as 0.24 ppm gold, 1.8 ppm silver, 3 ppm mercury, and 380 ppm lead. The country rocks are largely Jurassic volcanic rocks (Box and others, 1993). 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Tertiary? The preservation of a surface hot spring deposit containing plant fragments 

suggests that they are Tertiary in age. 

Deposit model:

Hot spring Au-Ag? (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 25a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

25a? 

Production Status: None 

RM024 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 52 

Site Status: Inactive 

Workings/exploration:

 No workings are present. Only reconnaissance surface geochemical sampling of this 

occurrence has been completed. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 This description is from unpublished field notes (station #92AM25) of M.L. Miller, U.

S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska. 

References:

 

Primary reference: This record 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM024 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 53 

Site name(s): Wallace 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM025 

Latitude: 61.062 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.915 

Location description and accuracy:

 The Wallace prospect is located on the crest of the ridge along the northwest side of 

lower California Creek. It is at an elevation of about 1,300 feet, in the NE1/4 sec. 9, T. 

11 N., R. 60 W., of the Seward Meridian. It is accurately located. 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: Zn 

Ore minerals: Gold, sphalerite, telluride(?) 

Gangue minerals: Amphibole, chlorite, limonite 

Geologic description:

 In 1945, R. E. Wallace of the U.S. Geological Survey discovered free gold in quartz 

veins cutting a granitic dike at this location (unpub. field data, 1945). Wallace described 

the deposit in unpublished notes and memoranda (1945, 1997), although the U.S. Geological Survey announced the discovery in a press release on August 4, 1945. The steeply 

dipping or vertical granitic dike is about 40 feet wide and trends N 20 E, subparallel to the 

ridge. Wallace traced it along strike for about 300 feet in this area. A similar dike may 

occur a few thousand feet to the southwest (RM026). Wallace noted that quartz veinlets 

were localized in the southeastern half of the dike and that the gold occupied open spaces 

in the interior of the veinlets. Two samples were assayed; one contained 0.59 ounce of 

gold per ton and the other 1.3 ounces of gold per ton. Accompanying the gold was a 

slightly more abundant, soft (hardness of 2 to 3), silver-white mineral having laminar 

cleavage. This mineral was tentatively identified as a telluride. Limonite and traces of 

sphalerite, chlorite, and amphibole were also present in the veins. The dike, which may 

be an apophysis of a nearby mid-Cretaceous pluton, intrudes Jurassic volcanic rocks (Box 

and others, 1993). 

Alteration:

 Silicification. 

RM025 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 54 

Age of mineralization:

 Cretaceous or Tertiary. The gold-bearing quartz veins crosscut a granitic dike that may 

be mid-Cretaceous in age. The dike intrudes Jurassic volcanic rocks. 

Deposit model:

Low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 36a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

36a 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Prospecting pit(s) are probably present at this location. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Box and others, 1993. 

Primary reference: This record 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM025 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 55 

Site name(s): Unnamed (near California Creek) 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM026 

Latitude: 61.056 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.925 

Location description and accuracy:

 This prospect is at an elevation of about 1,000 feet on the south end of the ridge north of 

lower California Creek. The map site is in the SE1/4 sec. 9, T. 11 N., R. 60 W., of the Seward Meridian. It is locality 3 of Frost (1990); the location is probably accurate to within 

one-quarter mile. 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold, pyrite 

Gangue minerals: Calcite, chlorite, quartz 

Geologic description:

 Frost (1990) described gold- and pyrite-bearing quartz veins cutting sericitized andesite 

and volcaniclastic hornfels at this location. The veins are vuggy and contain euhedral 

quartz prisms extending into open spaces. Other gangue minerals in the iron oxidestained veins are commonly calcite and chlorite. A quartz vein from this prospect contained 4.5 ppm gold (Frost, 1990, sample locality 3). Bedrock in the area includes thermally metamorphosed Jurassic volcanic or volcaniclastic rocks and a small granitic stock 

(Box and others, 1993). Much of the thermal metamorphism is caused by a large midCretaceous granitic pluton exposed to the north in the headwaters of the Tuluksak River. 

This prospect may be close to a granitic dike outcrop described in unpublished 1945 and 

1997 notes and memoranda by R. E. Wallace (USGS). The dike is cut by small, auriferous quartz veins along its southeast margin. A granitic dike outcrop cut by auriferous 

quartz veins is at the Wallace prospect, about one-half mile to the northeast along this 

ridge (RM025). 

Alteration:

 Sericitization and silicification. 

Age of mineralization:

RM026 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 56 

 Cretaceous or Tertiary. The gold-bearing quartz veins crosscut hornfels developed in 

country rocks around a mid-Cretaceous granitic pluton. 

Deposit model:

Low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 36a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

36a 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Prospecting pit(s) are present at this location. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Frost, 1990; Box and others, 1993. 

Primary reference: Frost, 1990 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM026 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 57 

Site name(s): Rocky Creek 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM027 

Latitude: 61.059 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.869 

Location description and accuracy:

 Rocky Creek is a southeast tributary of California Creek in the headwaters of the Tuluksak River. Most of Rocky Creek has been placer mined upstream from its confluence 

with California Creek. The map site is the approximate midpoint of the placer workings. 

It is near the center of sec. 11, T. 11 N., R. 60 W., of the Seward Meridian. Rocky Creek 

is included in locality 17 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 The placer deposit on Rocky Creek is a continuation of the deposit on California Creek 

(RM034). The Rocky Creek placer was one of the richest in the upper Tuluksak River 

drainage. About 2 miles of the creek from the mouth to the headwaters have been mined, 

much of it by dredging. The grade of the deposit increased upstream. The bedrock in the 

drainage is thermally metamorphosed Jurassic volcanic rocks that are intruded by a midCretaceous granitic stock at the head of the drainage (Box and others, 1993). The placer 

appears to continue upstream to near the contact zone of the granitic stock. 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

RM027 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 58 

39a 

Production Status: Yes; small 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 About 2 miles of the creek have been placer mined, much of it by dredging. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Box and others, 1993. 

Primary reference: Hoare and Cobb, 1977 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM027 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 59 

Site name(s): Upper Tuluksak River 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM028 

Latitude: 61.017 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.926 

Location description and accuracy:

 The Tuluksak River flows southwest past Nyac to the Kuskokwim River. About 2.5 

miles of the river upstream of where it crosses the south boundary of the Russian Mission 

A-3 quadrangle have been placer mined. This placer deposit continues downstream into 

the Bethel quadrangle. The map site is at the approximate midpoint of the mapped placer 

workings in the Russian Mission quadrangle. It is in the NE1/4 sec. 28, T. 11 N., R. 60 

W., of the Seward Meridian. It is included in locality 17 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 

1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: Pt 

Ore minerals: Gold 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 Placer gold dredging has taken place over at least 2.2 miles of upper Tuluksak River in 

the Russian Mission quadrangle. This placer deposit and dredge operation continued 

downstream into the Bethel quadrangle (BH014) for another 3 miles. The dredged area is 

as much as 1,500 feet wide. Mining on this river started as early as 1909 and continued, 

with a hiatus for WWII, until 1964 and later (Hoare and Cobb, 1977). Some platinum 

was produced along with the gold, and Joesting (1942) reported that asbestos and graphite 

were dredged from bedrock. A significant part of the bedrock in the drainage is hornfels 

in Jurassic volcanic rocks surrounding a mid-Cretaceous granitic pluton (Box and others, 

1993). 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

RM028 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 60 

Deposit model:

Placer Au-PGE (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

Production Status: Yes; medium 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Dredge tailings are present along at least 2.2 miles of the Tuluksak River in the Russian 

Mission quadrangle. The tailings are shown on the U.S. Geological Survey topographic 

map (1954 edition) of the area. Mining may have continued further upstream, inasmuch 

as the deposit is essentially continuous with the placer deposit on California Creek 

(RM034). Mining took place during the periods 1909-1940, 1946-1964, and in the 1980's. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Maddren, 1915; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Box and others, 1993. 

Primary reference: Hoare and Cobb, 1977 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM028 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 61 

Site name(s): Tiny Gulch 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM029 

Latitude: 61.006 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.896 

Location description and accuracy:

 Tiny Gulch is a small tributary on the south side of lower Bear Creek. It is about 0.8 

mile upstream of the mouth of Bear Creek on the Tuluksak River. The map site is on 

lower Tiny Gulch, in the SE1/4 sec. 27, T. 11 N., R. 60 W., of the Seward Meridian. It is 

locality 18 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 Tiny Gulch cuts through alluvial bench deposits on the south side of Bear Creek 

(RM032). From 1909 to 1914, placer mining of 2- to 3-foot-thick gravels on the lower 

part of the creek produced about 250 ounces of gold (Maddren, 1915). 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

Production Status: Yes; small 

Site Status: Undetermined 

RM029 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 62 

Workings/exploration:

 Placer mining took place along the lower part of the creek. A water ditch crosses Tiny 

Gulch about 2,000 feet upstream of the mouth. 

Production notes:

 Total production from 1909-14 probably did not exceed $5,000 or about 250 ounces of 

gold (Maddren, 1915). 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Maddren, 1915; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977. 

Primary reference: Maddren, 1915 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM029 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 63 

Site name(s): Unnamed (near Bonanza Creek) 

Site type: Prospect 

ARDF no.: RM030 

Latitude: 61.098 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.774 

Location description and accuracy:

 This prospect is at an elevation of about 2,500 feet on the crest of a ridge east of upper 

Bonanza Creek. The map site is about 0.3 mile east-southeast of the center of sec. 29, T. 

12 N., R. 59 W., of the Seward Meridian. It is locality 2 of Frost (1990); the location is 

probably accurate to within one-quarter mile. 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold, pyrite 

Gangue minerals: Calcite, chlorite, quartz 

Geologic description:

 Frost (1990) describes gold- and pyrite-bearing quartz veins cutting sericitized andesite 

and volcaniclastic hornfels at this location. The veins are vuggy and contain euhedral 

quartz prisms extending into open spaces. Other gangue minerals in the iron-oxide 

stained veins are commonly calcite and chlorite. A quartz vein from this prospect contained 20 ppm gold (Frost, 1990, sample locality 2). Bedrock in the area includes thermally metamorphosed Jurassic volcanic or volcaniclastic rocks and a small granitic stock 

(Box and others, 1993). The thermal metamorphism is caused by a large mid-Cretaceous 

granitic pluton exposed to the the north in the headwaters of the Tuluksak River. 

Alteration:

 Sericitization and silicification. 

Age of mineralization:

 Cretaceous or Tertiary. The gold-bearing quartz veins crosscut hornfels developed in 

country rocks around a mid-Cretaceous granitic pluton. 

Deposit model:

Low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 36a) 

RM030 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 64 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

36a 

Production Status: None 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Prospecting pit(s) are present at this location. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Frost, 1990; Box and others, 1993. 

Primary reference: Frost, 1990 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM030 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 65 

Site name(s): Bonanza Creek 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM031 

Latitude: 61.068 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.751 

Location description and accuracy:

 Bonanza Creek is a north tributary to Bear Creek. The map site is along lower Bonanza 

Creek near the east boundary of the Russian Mission A-3 quadrangle. It is in the SE1/4 

sec. 4, T. 11 N., R. 59 W., of the Seward Meridian. Bonanza Creek is included in locality 

20 of Hoare and Cobb (1972 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 Most of the placer gold in Bonanza Creek occurs near the mouth of the creek, where it 

cuts through bench and flood-plain deposits of Bear Creek. The Bonanza Creek deposit is 

essentially part of the Bear Creek flood plain (RM032). Maddren (1915) reports that bedrock on Bonanza Creek includes granitic rock with malchite-bearing quartz stringers, but 

most of the bedrock in the Bonanza Creek drainage is Jurassic volcanic rocks locally intruded and thermally metamorphosed by mid-Cretaceous granitic rocks (Box and others, 

1993). 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

RM031 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 66 

Production Status: Yes; small 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 The U.S. Geological Survey topographic map (1954 edition) shows about 0.5 mile of 

dredge tailings near the mouth of Bonanza Creek. Mining took place as early as 1913. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Maddren, 1915; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Box and others, 1993. 

Primary reference: Maddren, 1915 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM031 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 67 

Site name(s): Bear Creek 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM032 

Latitude: 61.055 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.772 

Location description and accuracy:

 Bear Creek is a large, northeast headwater tributary to the Tuluksak River. Placer mining took place along about 5.6 miles of Bear Creek from 1.1 miles above the mouth of 

Bonanza Creek in the Russian Mission A-2 quadrangle, to 4.5 miles below Bonanza 

Creek. The map site is about half way between Spruce Creek and Bonanza Creek, in the 

SE1/4 sec. 8, T. 11 N., R. 59 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is locality 20 of Hoare 

and Cobb (1972, 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: Hg 

Ore minerals: Cinnabar, gold 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 Paying quantities of placer gold were discovered on Bear Creek in 1907 or 1908 

(Maddren, 1915). Mining has taken place at least discontinuously over about 5.6 miles of 

the drainage. Continuous dredge tailings have been shown on U.S. Geological Survey 

topographic maps (1952 and 1979 editions) from 1.5 miles below to 1.1 miles above the 

mouth of Bonanza Creek. The active flood plain of Bear Creek is incised 10 to 100 feet 

into alluvial valley fill deposits, but the gravels in the flood plain are apparently only 3 to 

8 feet thick, at least in places (Maddren, 1915). The flood-plain deposits consist of coarse 

gravels containing large cobbles and boulders. Much of the mining on Bear Creek was by 

dredging, which started in 1926 and continued through most years until WWII. Mining 

restarted after WWII and continued up to about 1964. The most recent mining was from 

1973 until at least 1991 (Bundtzen and others, 1991). The dredge concentrates from below the mouth of Bonanza Creek contained considerable cinnabar. Although early reports described bedrock as granitic rock cut by diabase dikes (Maddren, 1915), recent 

mapping shows most of the drainage to be underlain by Jurassic volcanic rocks locally intruded by mid-Cretaceous granitic rocks (Box and others, 1993). It is possible that small 

granitic dikes, plugs, or stocks are present in bedrock below alluvium along the creek. 

RM032 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 68 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

Production Status: Yes; medium 

Site Status: Active 

Workings/exploration:

 The deposits were worked by hand methods, open cuts, and dredging. Mining has taken 

place at least discontinuously over about 5.6 miles of the drainage. Continuous dredge 

tailings have been shown on U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps (1952 and 1979 

editions) from 1.5 miles below to 1.1 miles above the mouth of Bonanza Creek. Road 

and electric transmission lines parallel Bear Creek upstream to Bonanza Creek. 

Production notes:

 Bear Creek was mined at least intermittently during the periods 1909-1940, 1946-1964, 

and 1973-1991. Maddren (1915) reports that the early years of mining produced about 

$35,000 or about 1,750 ounces of gold from Bear Creek and its tributaries. 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Maddren, 1915; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Bundtzen and others, 

1991; Box and others, 1993. 

Primary reference: Maddren, 1915 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM032 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 69 

Site name(s): Spruce Creek 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM033 

Latitude: 61.046 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.803 

Location description and accuracy:

 Spruce Creek is a small west tributary to Bear Creek. The mouth of Spruce Creek is 2.3 

miles downstream of the mouth of Bonanza Creek (RM031). The map site is along lower 

Spruce Creek, in the NE1/4 sec. 18, T. 11 N., R. 59 W., of the Seward Meridian. This is 

locality 19 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 The lower part of Spruce Creek has been placer mined where it crosses bench deposits 

along Bear Creek. Gravel deposits at the mouth of the creek are as mucg\h as 400 feet 

thick. Gravels along the active drainage are 20 to 30 feet thick 1,500 feet upstream of the 

mouth, and the headwaters of the creek cut directly into bedrock. Where the alluvial deposits are 20 to 30 feet thick, they consist of 2 to 4 feet of muck, 2 to 3 feet of coarse 

gravel with boulders as much as 1 foot in diameter, 1 to 1.5 feet of blue clay, and brown 

sandy and pebbly clay to bedrock (Maddren, 1915). Most of the gold occurred in the blue 

and brown pebbly clays and on bedrock. Some of the gold was coarse and attached to 

quartz. Maddren (1915) thought that it could have been derived from the contact zone 

around an intrusive at the head of the creek. Bedrock in the Spruce Creek drainage includes thermally metamorphosed Jurassic volcanic rocks developed around a midCretaceous granitic stock (Box and others, 1993). Spruce Creek may be the only tributary 

of Bear Creek that contains substantial amounts of gold derived from bedrock in its own 

drainage. 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

RM033 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 70 

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

Production Status: Yes; small 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Open-cut placer mining took place along lower Spruce Creek until about 1920. Some 

of this work included a 280-foot long, 15- to 20-foot wide, and 10-foot-deep trench built 

as a bedrock drain. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 

References:

Maddren, 1915; Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Box and others, 1993. 

Primary reference: Maddren, 1915 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM033 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 71 

Site name(s): California Creek 

Site type: Mine 

ARDF no.: RM034 

Latitude: 61.058 Quadrangle: RM A-3 

Longitude: 159.905 

Location description and accuracy:

 California Creek is a headwater tributary of the Tuluksak River. The creek has been 

placer mined over at least 3 miles upstream from its mouth. The map site, near the mouth 

of Rocky Creek, is the approximate midpoint of the placer tailings. It is in the NW1/4 

sec. 10, T. 11 N., R. 60 W., of the Seward Meridian. California Creek is included in locality 17 of Hoare and Cobb (1972, 1977). 

Commodities: 

 Main: Au 

 Other: 

Ore minerals: Gold 

Gangue minerals: 

Geologic description:

 California Creek is an important placer-gold producing tributary to the upper Tuluksak 

River. At least 3 miles of California Creek have been extensively dredged, including 

about on-half mile of the lower creek along the Tuluksak River valley. Dredging continued for about 1.5 miles upstream of the mouth of Rocky Creek (RM027), and some mining may have taken place for another mile to the headwaters of California Creek. Most of 

the California Creek drainage is underlain by thermally metamorphosed Jurassic volcanic 

rocks along the east side of a large mid-Cretaceous granitic pluton (Box and others, 

1993). 

Alteration:

 

Age of mineralization:

 Quaternary. 

Deposit model:

Placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a) 

RM034 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 72 

Deposit model number (After Cox and Singer, 1986 or Bliss, 1992):

39a 

Production Status: Yes; medium 

Site Status: Undetermined 

Workings/exploration:

 Dredge tailings cover about 5.6 miles of the California Creek drainage, including about 

one-half mile of the lower creek along the Tuluksak River valley. Dredging continued for 

about 1.5 miles upstream of the mouth of Rocky Creek (RM027), and some mining may 

have taken place for another mile to the headwaters of California Creek. The tailings 

have an average width of anout 0.15 mile and a maximum width of 0.4 mile near the 

mouth of the creek. Much of the mining took place from about 1947 to 1960 (Hoare and 

Cobb, 1977). Additional mining took place in the late 1980's. 

Production notes:

 

Reserves:

 

Additional comments:

 Older references to California Creek refer to what is now called upper Tuluksak River 

(RM028) on USGS topographic maps. 

References:

Hoare and Cobb, 1972; Hoare and Cobb, 1977; Box and others, 1993. 

Primary reference: Hoare and Cobb, 1977 

Reporter(s): Travis L. Hudson and Madelyn A. Millholland 

Last report date: 06/10/01 

RM034 
Alaska Resource Data File 

Page 73 

 References 

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southern Russian Mission quadrangles, southwestern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous 

Field Studies Map MF-2226-A, 20 p., scale 1:250,000. 

Brooks, A. H., 1915, The Alaska mining industry in 1914: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 622, p. 15-68. 

Brooks, A. H., 1922, The Alaska mining industry in 1920: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 722-A, p. 1-74. 

Bull, K., and Schneider, C., 1997, 1997 Summary report for Calista Corporation: Unpublished report prepared 

for Calista Corporation, Anchorage, 10 pages plus tables. 

Bundzten, T. K., and Laird, G.M., 1991, Geology and mineral resources of the Russian Mission C-1 Quadrangle, 

southwest Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Professional Report 109, 24 

p. 

Bundzten, T. K., Swainbank, R. C., Wood, J. E., and Clough, A. H., 1991, Alaska’s mineral industry 1991: 

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S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 268, 132 p., 9 plates, scale 1:250,000. 

Cox, D. P., and Singer, D. A., 1986, Mineral deposit models: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1693, 379 p. 

Ebbley, Norman, Jr., and Wright, W. S., 1948, Antimony deposits in Alaska: U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of 

Investigations 4173, 41 p. 

Enos, N., 1997, Kako property, July work summary: Calista Corporation, Anchorage, Internal memorandum, 6 p. 

Frost, T. P., 1990, Geology and geochemistry of mineralization in the Bethel quadrangle, southwestern Alaska, in

Goldfarb, R. J., Nash, J. T., and Stoeser, J. W., eds., Geochemical studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1950, p. C1-C9. 

Frost, T. P., Bradley, L. A., O’Leary, R. M., and Motooka, J. M., 1992, Analytical results, sample locality map, 

and descriptions of rock samples from the Bethel and southern part of the Russian Mission 1 degree x 3 

degree quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-316, 229 p. 

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sheet, scale 1:250,000. 

Hickok, B., and McAtee, J., 1990, Lode gold occurrences near the Kako and Stuyahok placer mines, southwestern Alaska: Calista Corporation, Anchorage, unpublished report, 17 p. 

Hoare, J. M., and Cobb, E. H., 1972, Metallic mineral resources map of the Russian Mission quadrangle, Alaska: 

U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-444, scale 1:250,000. 

Hoare, J. M., and Cobb, E. H., 1977, Mineral occurrences (other than mineral fuels and construction materials) in 

the Bethel, Goodnews, and Russian Mission quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 77-156, 98 p. 

Hoare, J. M., and Coonrad, W. L., 1959, Geology of the Russion Mission quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological 

Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-292, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. 

Holzheimer, F. W., 1926, Lode prospects in the Russian Mountains, Kuskokwim River region: Alaska Territorial 

References 
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Page 74 

Department of Mines Miscellaneous Report 81-1, 15 p. 

Joesting, H. R., 1940, Preliminary evaluation of placer ground on Buster Creek, Kako district, Alaska: Alaska 

Territorial Department of Mines, unpublished report, 3 p. 

Joesting, H. R., 1942, Strategic mineral occurrences in interior Alaska: Alaska Territorial Department of Mines 

Pamphlet 1, 50 p. 

Maddren, A. G., 1915, Gold placers of the lower Kuskokwim with a note on copper in the Russian Mountains: 

U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 622-H, p. 292-360. 

Retherford, R. M., 1987, Willow Creek Placer, Marshall District: Calista Corporation, Anchorage, unpublished 

report,14 p. 

Smith, P. S., 1942, Mineral industry in Alaska in 1939: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 926-A, p. 1-102. 

Turner, T. R., 1987, The geology and geochemistry of the Arnold prospect, Marshall district, Alaska: Calista 

Corporation, Anchorage, unpublished report, 13 p. 

Wedow, H., Jr., and others, 1953, Preliminary summary of reconnaissance for uranium and thorium in Alaska, 

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West, W. S., 1954, Reconnaissance for radioactive deposits in the lower Yukon-Kuskokwim region, Alaska, 

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References