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Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A)


Washington, DC 20460


EPA 305-R-04-001 

December 2004 
National Summary of 

Public Water Systems Compliance in 2002 

INTRODUCTION 

The National Public Water Systems Compliance 

Report for 2002 describes how the 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its 

state and tribal partners are meeting the goal of 

ensuring that Americans receive safe drinking 

water from public water systems. The report also 

discusses the data we use to measure our 

success and the progress we are making in our 

efforts to increase its reliability and 

completeness. 

EPA prepares a National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report for every calendar year. The 

Public Water Systems 

A Public Water System (PWS) is a system that 

provides water for human consumption, if such 

system has at least 15 service connections or 

regularly serves at least 25 individuals at least 60 

days out of the year. A public water system can be 

one of three types: 

•	 Community Systems (CWS) serve at least 15 

service connections (which may include 

factories, schools, or places of housing that are 

on the same distribution system as residences) 

used by year-round residences or regularly serve 

at least 25 year-round residents. 

•	 Non-transient Non-community Systems 

(NTNCWS) serve at least 25 of the same 

persons over six months per year not at their 

residence (e.g., schools or factories that have 

their own water source). 

•	 Transient Non-community Systems (TNCWS) 

serve at least 25 persons (but not the same 25) 

over six months per year not at their residence 

(e.g., campgrounds or highway rest stops that 

have their own water source). 

report is an annual summary of violations at the 

nation’s public water systems. The report also 

summarizes and evaluates annual reports 

prepared by the states.1 

The first part of this report draws information 

from the Safe Drinking Water Information 

System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED), EPA’s 

national database, to provide a national picture 

of the maximum contaminant level, treatment 

technique, significant monitoring and reporting, 

significant consumer notification and variance or 

exemption violations the states and tribes with 

primacy reported to EPA for 2002. EPA 

aggregates these reported violations at all public 

water systems in states, commonwealths, 

territories and in Indian country to present a 

national summary of violations, and then 

presents summaries of significant monitoring 

and reporting violations, significant public 

notification violations, and violations of healthbased standards at the different kinds of public 

water systems. 

The second part of this report presents 

information on public water systems in Indian 

country. 

A glossary of terms used in this report appears 

in Appendix A. 

Summaries and evaluations of completeness of 

the states’ annual public water systems reports 

for 2002 are presented in Appendix B. 

PWS COMPLIANCE 

This report uses information from SDWIS/FED, 

the national database where EPA records 

information the states are required to report 

about their public water systems. For the 

national public water system compliance reports, 

1 The term “state” includes 57 states, commonwealths, and territories that have been approved to implement the drinking water 

program within their jurisdiction. It also includes the Navajo Nation, which received EPA approval to implement its drinking 

water program on December 6, 2000. Federal approval to implement the drinking water program is called primary 

enforcement authority, or “primacy.” During calendar year 2002, EPA directly implemented the drinking water program in 

Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and throughout most of Indian country other than the Navajo Nation. EPA is responsible 

for reporting violations in areas where the Agency implements the program. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 1 • December 2004 
Information Sent to Customers: 

Consumer Confidence Report — 

(http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/pdfs/quickrefguide 

_ccr.pdf) Every community water system is required to 

produce a yearly report identifying the contaminants 

detected in its water and the risks of exposure to those 

contaminants. Large systems are required to mail their 

customers the report. While medium systems and small 

systems are required to produce the report, these 

systems may obtain a waiver from the mailing 

requirement. Very small systems are only required to 

print the report in the local newspaper. The annual 

water quality report or consumer confidence report 

(CCR) provides customers with a more complete picture 

of drinking water quality and systems operations. The 

annual CCR tells customers what is in their water, 

where it comes from, and where they can obtain 

additional information. 

Public Notification Rule — (http://www.epa.gov/ 

safewater/pws/pn/rulefact.html) Public water systems 

must notify their customers if there has been a violation 

of drinking water standards. Public notification is 

intended to ensure that consumers will always know if 

there is a problem with their drinking water. Public 

water systems must notify the people who drink their 

water if the level of a contaminant in the water exceeds 

EPA, State, or tribal drinking water regulations, if there 

is a waterborne disease outbreak or any other situation 

that may pose a risk to the public health, if the water 

system fails to test its water as required, or if the 

system has a variance or exemption from the 

regulations. Depending on the severity of the situation, 

water suppliers have 24 hours to one year to notify 

their customers. Public notification is provided in 

addition to the CCR. 

Information on the Internet: 

Safewater Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/safewater) — 

Provides information on the Safe Drinking Water Act, 

individual water systems, contaminants that may be in 

drinking water, and what individuals can do to help 

protect sources of their drinking water. 

Additional Information: 

Call the Community Water System — Billing statements 

should provide a number to call with questions. 

State Public Water Systems Compliance Report — 

Each state’s annual report discusses the violations at its 

public water systems. Most state reports include a list 

of violating facilities. 

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 

(this report) — Summarizes all reported violations at 

America’s public water systems. 

Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791) — 

Answers questions about drinking water, lets callers 

order documents from EPA, and can refer callers to EPA 

experts if they need more information. 

Envirofacts Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/enviro) — 

Allows the public to access EPA databases containing 

information on environmental activities that may affect 

air, water, and land anywhere in the United States. 

How Does The Public Find Out If Its Drinking Water Is Safe? 

EPA examines SDWIS/FED records of violations 

of primary drinking water regulations that 

specify: 1) the maximum permissible level of a 

contaminant in water that is delivered to any 

user of a public water system (Maximum 

Contaminant Level or MCL); 2) techniques for 

treating water to make it safe; 3) monitoring and 

reporting requirements (how and when water 

must be tested and the results reported); and 4) 

significant user notification violations.2 While 

SDWIS/FED collects information on monitoring 

and reporting violations, only “significant” 

monitoring and reporting violations are counted 

in this report. A “significant” monitoring and 

reporting violation occurs, with rare exceptions, 

when no samples are taken or no results are 

reported during a compliance period. Table A–1 

provides a more detailed description of 

significant monitoring violations for the different 

rules. A significant user notification violation 

occurs when a community water system 

completely failed to provide to its users a 

required report. Significant user notification 

violations include violations of the Consumer 

Confidence Report Regulation and violations of 

the Public Notification Regulations. The 

information provided in the Consumer 

Confidence Report will supplement public 

2	 This report tabulates only “significant” monitoring and reporting and notification (e.g., CCR) violations. Table A–1 presents 

descriptions of significant monitoring violations for the different drinking water regulations. 

December 2004 • Page 2 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
notification that water systems must provide to 

their customers upon discovering any violation of 

a contaminant standard. The CCR should not be 

the primary notification of potential health risk 

posed by drinking water, but will provide 

customers with a snapshot of the quality of their 

drinking water supply. Public notification helps 

to ensure that consumers receive timely 

information about problems with their drinking 

water. These public notification requirements 

have always been a part of the Safe Drinking 

Water Act. 

EPA routinely evaluates state programs by 

conducting data verification audits, which 

evaluate state compliance decisions and reporting 

to SDWIS/FED, and conducting triennial national 

summary evaluations. The results of EPA’s 

second triennial review of data quality in 

SDWIS/FED, Drinking Water Data Reliability 

Analysis and Action Plan (2003) (EPA 816-R-03-

021, March 2004), includes an evaluation of data 

collected from 1999 through 2001. The first 

triennial review, published in 2000, analyzed 

drinking water data from 1996 through 1998 to 

establish a data quality baseline. The second 

review indicates that data in SDWIS/FED are 

highly accurate, but still incomplete. 

The first triennial review of data quality for the 

period 1996 through 1998 resulted in a detailed 

data analysis report in 2000 and also produced 

an action plan for states and EPA to work 

together to improve data quality. The plan 

resulted in actions which included training state 

personnel, streamlining reporting to SDWIS/FED, 

making SDWIS error reporting and correction 

more user-friendly, reducing rule complexity, 

improving data verification audits (DVs), 

following-up with Regions after DVs, and 

encouraging states to notify water systems of 

sampling schedules annually. Like the first 

review, this second triennial review of data 

quality is largely based on DVs. The DVs, 

conducted between 1999 and 2001, reflect data 

for 1,890 randomly selected PWSs in 31 states. 

To support a comparative analysis, a similar set 

of analyses and methods were used in the second 

review as in the first, where possible. 

The data quality of core inventory data was high 

and essentially remained the same as that 

determined for the first assessment (95% in the 

first triennial review versus 96% in the second 

triennial review). Data quality for enforcement 

data improved from 72% to 80% and remained of 

moderate quality. Notably, there were 80% fewer 

enforcement actions from the first assessment. 

Violations were grouped by maximum 

contaminant level (MCL), treatment technique 

(TT), and monitoring and reporting (M/R) 

violations. MCL violations were further broken 

down into Total Coliform Rule (TCR) MCL 

violations and Chemical and Radionuclides MCL 

violations (i.e., Other MCL). Violations for the 

lead and copper rule were not included in the 

analysis. While quality has improved 

considerably in several areas, the analysis of DV 

findings found that the violations data reported 

by states to EPA were very accurate but 

incomplete in several important aspects, as 

described below. 

•	 The overall data quality for health-based 

violations (i.e., MCL and SWTR TT) improved 

from 40% in the first round to 65%. The 

overall data quality for M/R violations 

increased from 9% to 23%. 

•	 The Total Coliform Rule had the highest data 

quality, improving from 68% in the first 

assessment to 75% in the second. Data 

quality is lower, but improving, for other 

health-based standards including Chemicals 

and Radionuclides and the Surface Water 

Treatment Rule. Data quality for M/R 

violations has improved, but is still low. 

•	 Most violation errors are due to incorrect 

compliance determinations by states, that is, 

violations not correctly identified as such. 

—	 Compliance determination errors 

accounted for slightly more than 50% of 

all MCL errors, and more than 85% of 

SWTR TT and M/R errors. 

—	 Half of the M/R errors were due to a 

failure of the state to assign a violation 

where sample data was missing from 

state files. 

—	 Data flow errors (data in state databases 

but not in SDWIS/FED) accounted for 9% 

of all errors. 

—	 Over-reporting of violations found in 

SDWIS/FED accounted for fewer than 2% 

of all errors. This is comparable to 

findings from the first assessment. 

•	 Data quality estimates are similar across 

water system types. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 3 • December 2004 
More discussions of data quality concerns and 

EPA’s recommendations appear later in this 

report. 

FINDINGS 

In 2002, 160,541 public water systems 

together served almost 295 million users. The 

actual number of individuals served was 

smaller, because millions of Americans drank 

water from, and were counted as users by, 

more than one public water system during the 

course of the year. 

Percentage of Systems by Type 

33% 

12% 

55% 

Transient Non-Community


Community


Non-Transient Non-Community


•	 53,245 community water systems served 

more than 267 million people in their 

primary residences. 

•	 18,609 non-transient non-community 

systems (schools, factories) served 6 million 

people in places they frequented. 

•	 88,687 transient non-community systems 

(campgrounds, highway rest stops) served a 

constantly changing user base of almost 22 

million people. 

Most public water systems were small, but 

large systems served a majority of the people 

who drank water from a public water system. 

Size vs. Users Served3 

95% 

80% 

60% 

40% 

20% 

0% 

Small Systems Large Systems 

2% 

14% 

77% 

100% 

Percentage of Systems Percentage of Users Served 

•	 95% of America’s public water systems 

(including nearly all of the transient noncommunity systems) served 3,300 or fewer 

users. Together, these 151,924 small systems 

provided service to 14% of all users. 

•	 2% of America’s public water systems served 

more than 10,000 users. Together, these 

3,840 large systems provided service to 77% 

of all users. 

As reported to SDWIS/FED, most of America’s 

public water systems had no significant 

violations. 

It is important to note that the triennial review 

revealed that only 65% of the apparent MCL 

violations and 23% of the apparent monitoring 

and reporting violations had been reported to 

SDWIS/FED (although what percent of the 

unreported monitoring and reporting violations 

are significant violations is unknown). Since that 

report, EPA and its state partners have worked 

towards the identification and resolution of any 

problems that may have produced data 

discrepancies in the past, and to prevent the 

occurrence of future problems. Because these 

ongoing efforts will result in significant 

corrections and additions to the data in 

SDWIS/FED, this 2002 report offers broad 

national findings rather than detailed analysis 

comparing previous National compliance 

statistics. 

3	 Because fewer than 3% of public water systems are “medium” in size, i.e., serve between 3,301 and 10,000 users, and because 

only 9% of the population is served by them, this report omits a separate discussion of “medium” systems. 

December 2004 • Page 4 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
PWS with Reported Significant Violations 

73% 

27% 

No Reported Significant Violations


Reported Significant Violations of Some Kind


•	 For 73% of the public water systems in 

America, there was no report of a healthbased violation nor were there reports of 

significant monitoring and reporting 

violations. 

The primacy states reported either a healthbased violation, a significant monitoring and 

reporting violation, or a significant consumer 

confidence report violation at approximately 

43,500 public water systems in 2002. 

•	 Approximately 25,500 (24%) out of over 

107,000 non-community water systems had 

significant violations. 

•	 Forty-six (19%) out of almost 240 larger noncommunity water systems serving more than 

3,300 users had significant violations. 

Together these 46 larger non-community 

systems served only about 700,000 (2.5%) 

users of the 28 million users served by noncommunity water systems. 

•	 Approximately 25,500 (24%) out of over 

107,000 small non-community water systems 

serving 3,300 or fewer systems had 

significant violations. Together these small 

systems with significant violations served only 

3.4 million users out of the 28 million users 

served by non-community water systems. 

•	 Less than 18,000 (34%) out of the over 

53,000 community water systems had 

significant violations. Of the 267 million 

users served in their primary residence by 

community water systems, over 53 million 

received their water from one of the violating 

community water systems. 

•	 Just over 1,800 (21%) of the almost 8,400 

larger community water systems serving 

more than 3,300 users had significant 

violations. These violating larger community 

systems served almost 47 million of the 267 

million users served in their primary 

residence by community water systems. 

•	 Of the over 44,800 small community water 

systems serving 3,300 users or less in their 

primary residence, approximately 16,100 

(36%) had significant violations. Less than 

6.9 million users were served by these small 

community water systems. 

Most Americans received drinking water from 

public water systems that recorded no 

significant violations in 2002. 

Users Served by PWS


Without Reported Significant Violations


20% 

80% 

Users Served by PWS without 

Reported Significant Violations 

Users Served by PWS with 

Reported Significant Violations 

•	 80% of the population served by public water 

systems received drinking water from a 

system that reported no violations of a 

health-based standard, was not cited for a 

significant violation of a monitoring and 

reporting requirement, and issued a 

consumer confidence report, if required. 

•	 80% of the population served by community 

water systems received drinking water from 

a system that reported no violations of a 

health-based standard, was not cited for a 

significant violation of a monitoring and 

reporting requirement, and issued a 

consumer confidence report as required. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 5 • December 2004 
Health-Based Violations and Illness


It is important to note that a public water system’s 

violation of a health-based standard does not mean 

that the people who drank the system’s water got 

sick. A health-based violation means either that the 

system has exposed its users to what EPA has judged 

as an unreasonable risk of illness, or that the system 

has failed to treat its water to the extent EPA has 

judged necessary to protect its users from an 

unreasonable risk of illness in the event that the 

regulated contaminant is present in source water. 

Many variables affect the likelihood of illness resulting 

from health-based violations, among them the 

duration of the violation, whether or not the violation 

occurred in an isolated section of a complex public 

water system, and the extent to which contamination 

exceeds the allowable level. While modern treatment 

systems have substantially reduced the incidence of 

waterborne disease, drinking water contamination 

remains a significant health risk management 

challenge. Studies by the Centers for Disease Control 

(CDC) indicate that between 1980 and 1998 there 

were 419 outbreaks of illness linked to contamination 

in drinking water resulting in an estimated 511,000 

cases of disease (Craun and Calderon, 1996; Levy et 

al., 1998; Barwick et al., 2000). The majority of 

outbreaks in the U.S. occurred at surface water 

systems. Nearly 80% of all reported cases of illness 

were associated with the 1993 Cryptosporidium

outbreak in Milwaukee, WI, which resulted in an 

estimated 403,000 cases (MacKenzie et al. 1994; 

McDonald et al. 2001). 

The number of waterborne disease outbreaks 

identified and reported in the CDC database is 

believed, however, to understate the actual incidence 

of outbreaks and cases of illness (Craun and 

Calderon, 1996; National Research Council, 1997). 

Recognized and reported waterborne disease 

outbreaks are usually the result of exposure to 

waterborne pathogens that cause acute 

gastrointestinal illness with diarrhea, abdominal 

discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Because such 

illnesses are generally of short duration in healthy 

people, many individuals experiencing these 

symptoms do not seek medical attention. Where 

medical attention is sought, the pathogenic agent may 

not be identified through routine testing. 

Consequently, outbreaks are often not recognized in a 

community or, if recognized, are not traced to a 

drinking water source. Moreover, an unknown but 

probably significant portion of waterborne disease is 

endemic (i.e., isolated cases not associated with an 

outbreak) and, thus, is even more difficult to 

recognize. 

EPA’s health-based standards are intended to provide 

an adequate margin of safety not just for healthy 

people, but also for populations that are at greater 

risk from waterborne disease. These sensitive 

subpopulations include children (especially the very 

young), the elderly, the malnourished, pregnant 

women, the disease-impaired (e.g., those with 

diabetes, cystic fibrosis), and a broad category of 

those with compromised immune systems, such as 

AIDS patients, those with autoimmune disorders (e.g., 

rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple 

sclerosis), transplant recipients, and those on 

chemotherapy (Rose, 1997). Immunocompromised 

persons are more likely than healthy individuals to 

contract waterborne disease, the severity and duration 

of their illness is often greater, and they are at a 

greater risk of death. 

December 2004 • Page 6 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
The vast majority of the 114,585 violations 

the states reported to SDWIS/FED in 2002 

were for a public water system’s significant 

failure to monitor and report, rather than a 

violation of a standard. 

Type of Reported Significant Violations 

80% 

8% 12% 

Monitoring and Reporting 

Health-Based 

Monitoring and Reporting CCR 

•	 If a system did not monitor the quality of its 

water, it is impossible to know if it has 

violated a health-based requirement. For this 

reason, a system’s significant failure to 

monitor and report is a major violation that 

must be addressed and corrected. 

•	 39% of the 91,530 significant monitoring and 

reporting violations reported by the states 

were violations of the monitoring and 

reporting requirements of the Total Coliform 

Rule, a rule that applies to all types and sizes 

of public water systems. 

94% of America’s public water systems 

reported no violations of a health-based 

drinking water standard in 2002. 

PWS With No Reported Health-Based Violations 

6% 

94% 

Systems with Reported Health-Based Violations 

Systems with No Reported Health-Based Violations 

The Maximum Contaminant Level for the Total 

Coliform Rule (TCR) is the health-based 

standard most frequently violated. 

Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule 

100% 

90% 

80% 

70% 

60% 

50% 

40% 

30% 

20% 

10% 

0% 

Chem TCR LCR SWTR 

10% 

69% 

5% 

15% 

•	 SDWIS/FED recorded 14,028 violations of 

health-based standards in 2002. 69% of these 

violations were violations of the MCL for the 

Total Coliform Rule (TCR), which must be 

met by all types and sizes of public water 

systems.4 

4 For the annual compliance reports, EPA tracks violations of the contaminant rules in four categories: 1) chemical contaminants (Chem) — violations of rules for organic, inorganic (except for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants — 

compliance with many organic and inorganic standards is determined on the basis of shared samples, with one missed sample 

resulting in a monitoring and reporting violation of many standards; 2) total coliform (TCR); 3) lead and copper (LCR); and 

4) surface water treatment (SWTR). Coliform bacteria are usually not a threat to humans, but their presence in drinking 

water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, more dangerous, microbes. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 7 • December 2004 
As reported to SDWIS/FED, 87% of community 

water systems complied with the Consumer 

Confidence Report Rule. 

•	 The Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule 

requires all community water systems to 

provide an annual report to customers 

identifying the contaminants detected in their 

water and the health risks associated with 

those contaminants. 

•	 In calendar year 2002, 7,149 community 

water systems were found to have a 

“significant” violation of the CCR Rule, 

meaning that the community water system 

completely failed to provide the required 

report. 

•	 There were 9,027 reported violations of the 

CCR Rule in 2002. 

No violations of variances or exemptions were 

reported to SDWIS/FED during 2002. 

•	 Under Federal law, states can grant variances 

or exemptions to public water systems in 

limited circumstances allowing them to install 

alternative technology or giving them more 

time to meet a standard if public health is 

adequately protected in the interim. The 

states did not report any violations of 

variances and exemptions for the few public 

water systems that were operating under a 

variance or exemption in 2002. 

EPA and its state partners continue to take 

enforcement actions against violators.5 

During 2002, states and EPA initiated 

enforcement actions in response to drinking 

water violations at public water systems in their 

jurisdictions. For new rules, EPA generally has 

primary enforcement authority until the States 

receive primacy for each new rule. EPA 

implemented the drinking water program in 

Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and in Indian 

country, except for the Navajo Nation. The Agency 

initiated enforcement responses in these areas 

and occasionally in the states, often at a state’s 

invitation. Together, EPA and the states initiated 

over 1,100 formal enforcement actions, each 

action potentially addressing multiple violations. 

•	 In 2002 the states issued a total of 891 

formal enforcement actions, including 559 

administrative orders without penalty, 308 

administrative orders with penalty, 16 civil 

referrals to the states’ Attorneys General, and 

8 civil cases filed. 

•	 During the same period, EPA issued a total of 

277 formal enforcement actions, including 

274 Federal administrative orders, and three 

Federal Bilateral Compliance Agreements 

(BCA) signed. 

These totals do not take into account informal 

enforcement actions, compliance assistance, or 

the public water systems that returned to 

compliance before EPA and state procedures 

would require initiation of a formal response. 

EPA designates a public water system a significant noncomplier if the system has serious, 

frequent or persistent violations that may pose a 

threat to public health. States and EPA give 

significant noncompliers priority attention in 

their efforts to return violators to compliance and 

address violations with enforcement actions. For 

2002 EPA and the states focused more of their 

attention on returning to compliance significant 

noncompliers that were identified as such in 

2002. 

•	 In calendar year 2002, EPA designated 

15,276 public water systems significant 

noncompliers, which was comparable to the 

number of public water systems designated 

as noncompliers in 2000 and 2001. Most of 

these significant noncompliers in all these 

years served 3,300 or fewer users. 

•	 In 2002 states and EPA addressed 3,850 

significant noncompliers. Of the 

noncompliers addressed, 2,581 (67%) were 

new significant noncompliers identified in 

2002. The other 1,269 were systems 

addressed as significant noncompliers in 

2001 and earlier. 

5 There are several reasons why there will be a difference between the number of violations in a year and the number of formal 

enforcement responses. For example, a state may choose to address a system’s violations informally in a manner that returns 

the system to compliance before the time interval has elapsed that by EPA guidance would necessitate initiation of a formal 

enforcement response. Also, it is not uncommon for the regulator to address all of a violating system’s multiple violations in a 

single enforcement response. In addition, formal enforcement responses addressing violations discovered late in one reporting 

year are generally not initiated until early in the following year. 

December 2004 • Page 8 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
•	 The totals for significant noncompliers 

addressed do not take into account public 

water systems that are no longer significant 

noncompliers because of informal 

enforcement actions or compliance 

assistance, or public water systems that 

returned to compliance before EPA and state 

procedures would require initiation of a 

formal response. 

DATA QUALITY 

The data used in this report came from EPA's 

national SDWIS/FED database. SDWIS/FED is 

composed of data that primacy states are 

required to submit to SDWIS/FED each quarter. 

EPA uses information in SDWIS/FED to assess 

progress in the implementation of regulations, to 

develop national enforcement and compliance 

priorities, and to provide information to the 

public. 

EPA periodically conducts data verifications 

(independent, on-site audits) of primacy state 

and tribal drinking water programs to ensure 

that the primacy state is determining compliance 

in accordance with Federal regulations. Data 

verifications help detect differences between data 

in a state's files (whether electronic or hard copy) 

and data in SDWIS/FED. 

As part of the ongoing data reliability efforts 

described in past National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Reports, EPA examined the results of 

data verifications conducted from 1999 to 2001 

and previously from 1996 through 1998. The 

most recent (1999–2001) audits, which covered 

31 states, analyzed data from 1,890 public water 

systems. The data audits reviewed inventory 

information (identifying systems, their number, 

their size, and their type), apparent violations 

that either were reported or should have been 

reported, and any enforcement actions initiated. 

EPA's review showed that the quality of the 

information the states reported to SDWIS/FED is 

improving, but the data are incomplete. This 

finding principally reflects differences between 

state and EPA regulatory interpretation rather 

than a preponderance of data management 

issues. Most of the SDWIS/FED data quality 

problems EPA identified were instances where 

violations that should have been recorded and 

reported did not appear in SDWIS/FED. EPA 

found that only a small percentage of this 

incompleteness is because SDWIS/FED will 

accept only properly transferred data. 

EPA’s analysis of the data verifications found: 

•	 95% of all inventory data in SDWIS/FED was 

accurate and complete. 

•	 The overall quality of SDWIS/FED violations 

data improved from the first assessment to 

the second from 68% to 75% for the Total 

Coliform Rule standard, but is low for other 

health-based standards and for monitoring 

and reporting. 

•	 Most of the discrepancies between apparent 

and reported violations are because of 

unrecorded and unreported violations. This 

accounts for 62% of all discrepancies related 

to maximum contaminant level/treatment 

technique violations and 86% of all 

discrepancies related to monitoring and 

reporting violations. 

•	 Only 23% of apparent monitoring and 

reporting violations had been reported to 

SDWIS/FED. 

•	 65% of the apparent MCL/treatment 

technique violations had been reported to 

SDWIS/FED. 

•	 SDWIS/FED contained accurate and complete 

information on 82% of the enforcement 

actions found in the states' records. 

•	 This report is not a measure of the quality of 

drinking water itself. 

EPA continues to work with its state partners to 

identify and resolve any problems that may have 

produced data discrepancies in the past and to 

ensure that complete and accurate 

documentation is available to help assess the 

safety of the nations' drinking water. 

•	 While the drinking water violation data have 

shown improvements from the 1996–1998 

timeframe to the 1999–2001 timeframe, they 

are incomplete and will be evaluated for the 

2002–2004 timeframe. 

•	 EPA has set up a workgroup with the 

Association of State Drinking Water 

Administrators (ASDWA) to implement its 

updated 2003 Data Reliability Analysis and 

Action Plan (DRAAP). Implementation of the 

plan will begin in 2005. 

•	 EPA has negotiated grant conditions with 

several states based upon the 2003 DRAAP. 

Under these grant conditions, the states 

would follow quality assurance/quality control 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 9 • December 2004 
plans for drinking water violation data 

reported to EPA and address the differences 

in interpretation of the regulation. 

•	 EPA will be working with all states to 

implement the EPA Order 5360.1 A2 dealing 

with requirements for quality management 

systems. 

•	 Changes to modernize SDWIS database 

should reduce data quality problems in the 

future from data entry to transmission. 

SDWIS Modernization focused on changes to 

make the quality checking function available 

to states before they send data to EPA, to 

provide a data entry format consistent with 

contemporary commercial data transfer 

formats, and to reduce the complexity of data 

entry into SDWIS/FED by standardizing 

processing. 

EPA continued to implement actions under the 

National Infrastructure Assurance Plan: Water 

Supply Section for the purpose of improving the 

security of the critical drinking water 

infrastructure. The Agency also has in place as a 

counter-terrorism measure a policy restricting 

the availability of location data on PWS intakes 

and wells, and continues a public/private 

partnership with water utilities to improve the 

security of the nation’s drinking water. 

ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE 

ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 

Primacy States and EPA engage in a variety of 

activities to help public water systems remain in 

and return to compliance, including formal 

enforcement actions, informal actions, and 

compliance and technical assistance. State and 

EPA compliance assistance efforts to help a 

source remain in or return to compliance may 

include: 

•	 conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys 

at public water systems (i.e., an on-site 

review of the water sources, facilities, 

equipment, operations, and maintenance to 

evaluate their adequacy in producing and 

distributing safe drinking water); 

•	 helping systems invest in preventive 

measures; 

•	 providing financial assistance for system 

improvements through the Drinking Water 

State Revolving Fund and other State funding 

programs; 

•	 reviewing water system plans and 

specifications; 

• conducting training sessions; 

• holding public information meetings; 

•	 lending specialized monitoring equipment; 

and 

•	 publishing informational bulletins and 

newsletters on training events and other 

educational opportunities. 

When a drinking water violation is detected and 

it is determined that compliance assistance is not 

the best tool to return a source to compliance, 

EPA guidelines require a response from the 

primacy agency as a condition of funding. 

Acceptable responses include a variety of formal 

and informal actions as the state or EPA attempts 

to return a violating public water system to 

compliance as quickly as possible. 

Generally, the primacy agency’s first responses to 

violations are informal actions, such as: 

• compliance assistance as appropriate; 

• reminder letters; 

• warning letters; 

• notices of violation; 

• field visits; and 

• telephone calls. 

If the violation continues or recurs, the primacy 

agency must initiate a formal enforcement 

response that requires the violating public water 

system to return to compliance. Formal 

enforcement responses include: 

• citations; 

•	 administrative orders with or without 

penalties; 

•	 civil referrals to state attorneys general or to 

the Department of Justice; 

•	 other sanctions such as denying permission 

for system expansion; and 

• filing criminal charges. 

If a situation poses an imminent risk to public 

health, EPA and the state will issue an emergency 

order that requires the public water system to 

take the steps necessary to protect public health 

and return the system to compliance. 

December 2004 • Page 10 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
INFORMATION ON AND 

EVALUATION OF STATE REPORTS 

EPA reviewed each 2002 annual state report to 

determine if it met the requirements of the 1996 

Amendments to SDWA. The contents of the state 

reports are summarized in Table B–1 in 

Appendix B. Table B–1 shows whether a state: 

• submitted a report to EPA; 

• included all required elements; 

•	 satisfied its statutory requirement to publish 

and distribute summaries of the report that 

inform the public of the availability of the full 

report; 

•	 identified the size and type of violating 

systems; 

•	 discussed the compliance assistance and 

enforcement activities the state undertook in 

response to violations; 

•	 included a list of PWSs with MCL or 

treatment technique violations, as EPA 

recommended in its guidance to states on 

preparing their reports; 

•	 provided information to the public on 

availability of the reports; and 

•	 included additional information of interest to 

the public, such as the number of public 

water systems in the state, their sizes and 

types, and background on the Safe Drinking 

Water Act and its implementation. 

STATE-BY-STATE SUMMARIES 

EPA provides a state-by-state summary of 

information reported in each state report in 

Appendix B. The standardized format includes 

an overall summary of the violations data the 

Safe Drinking Water Act requires states to report 

(i.e., violations with respect to MCLs, treatment 

technique violations, significant monitoring and 

reporting violations, and variances and 

exemptions). The summary for each state also 

tells how to obtain a copy of the state’s full 

report. The annual summary is based on 

violations reported in the calendar year of 2002. 

In some instances, the data reported by a state in 

July of 2003 may not agree with data currently in 

SDWIS/FED. EPA’s and the states’ continual 

efforts to ensure that the information in the 

SDWIS/FED database is as accurate as possible 

may have resulted in updates and corrections to 

the data since the state published its report. 

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

Most Americans received water from systems 

which reported no violations of health-based 

standards, and for which the states reported no 

significant violations of monitoring and reporting 

requirements. 

There are some differences in the numbers of 

violations reported in 2001 and 2002. The total 

number of violations increased by 3.7% from 

2001. The number of significant violations of 

monitoring and reporting requirements increased 

by about 3,100 — a 3.5% increase in violations 

between 2001 and 2002. In 2002, America’s 

public water systems detected and reported 306 

fewer violations of health-based standards — a 

2% decrease from 2001. The total violations 

include health-based and significant monitoring 

and reporting violations, along with violations of 

the CCR. 

In 2002, states reported the largest number of 

violations for the Chemical Contaminant Group. 

The Chemical Contaminant Group represented 

the group with the largest significant violations 

for the monitoring and reporting requirements. 

The 44,688 significant violations of monitoring 

and reporting requirements of the Chemical 

Contaminant Group represent 49% of all 

significant monitoring and reporting violations 

reported by the states in 2002. The most violated 

health-based standard continues to be the Total 

Coliform Rule. The 9,680 violations of the healthbased standards for the Total Coliform Rule 

represent 69% of all reported violations of healthbased standards in 2002. For community water 

systems, the number of Total Coliform Rule 

violations increased slightly from 2001. Healthbased violations of the rule decreased 5%, while 

significant monitoring and reporting violations 

increased 5%. 

The number of significant violations reported 

since 1999 has been trending upward. The most 

recent increase, however, was smaller than 

previous reporting years. During the same period 

roughly 14% of the violations reported are 

violations of health-based standards, while the 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 11 • December 2004 
remaining approximately 87% of the violations 

are significant monitoring and reporting 

violations. Likewise the number of significant 

monitoring and reporting violations has 

increased steadily since 1999. Violations of the 

health-based standards fluctuated between small 

increases (5%) to small decreases (2–3%) during 

this period. EPA incorporated the following 

recommendations for fiscal years 2000, 2001, 

and 2002. 

States and EPA should continue working 

together to address significant violations of 

monitoring and reporting and notification 

requirements. 

States and EPA should continue working 

together to address violations of MCL and 

treatment technique requirements. 

Recognizing the importance of consistent, longterm efforts to protect the public from microbial 

contaminants of drinking water, EPA has made 

assuring compliance with the drinking water 

microbial rules part of its core drinking water 

enforcement and compliance program beginning 

in fiscal year 2005. 

EPA Regions are working with states to evaluate 

how well public water systems, especially large 

systems, comply with the microbial rules and 

whether enforcement actions are being initiated 

when appropriate. Regions and states are also 

identifying and evaluating microbial risks to 

watersheds in an attempt to focus enforcement 

and compliance efforts on ensuring the safety of 

drinking water sources. Considerable effort will 

also be devoted to training and compliance 

assistance. EPA will work to build the capacity of 

small public water systems to maintain 

compliance both with established rules and with 

new microbial rules such as the Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the 

Ground Water Rule. In Indian country, where 

almost all public water systems are small, EPA 

will focus resources on ensuring compliance with 

the microbial rules and the standards for nitrates 

in drinking water through implementation of its 

new strategy for the FY05–07 Tribal National 

Compliance and Enforcement Priority. 

With respect to the rest of the drinking water 

program, states and EPA are continuing their 

efforts to implement the recommendations of the 

national public water system reports: 

•	 EPA provides funding to support nine 

technology assistance centers that help small 

systems with training, technical assistance, 

and technology demonstrations. 

•	 States and EPA help promote compliance 

with existing drinking water requirements by 

conducting numerous assistance activities, 

such as on-site visits and the development 

and distribution of easy-to-read guides and 

checklists. 

•	 EPA funding established and maintains the 

Local Government Environmental Assistance 

Network (LGEAN), a source of free 

information on current and developing SDWA 

requirements (as well as technical assistance, 

peer counseling, and financial guidance). 

LGEAN can be accessed on the Internet at 

www.lgean.org or by calling toll-free 1-877-

TO-LGEAN (865-4326). 

•	 EPA is developing a list of approved 

compliance technologies that will encourage 

small systems to use the existing flexibility in 

the regulations in selecting treatment for 

drinking water while still providing adequate 

public health protection. 

•	 The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement 

actions against violating public water systems 

both to discourage violations and to ensure 

public health protection. 

EPA, states, and drinking water stakeholders 

should continue to work cooperatively to 

improve the quality of compliance data. 

Since September 1998, the findings and 

recommendations of the national public water 

systems reports have been incorporated into 

EPA’s ongoing efforts to ensure the reliability of 

data in SDWIS/FED. In its first national report, 

EPA noted that compliance data in many 

individual state reports differed from the data 

reported to SDWIS/FED. In 1998, EPA, states, 

and drinking water stakeholders agreed that our 

data quality goal should be “100% complete, 

accurate, and timely data submitted by public 

water systems and primacy agencies, consistent 

with SDWA reporting requirements.” Further 

analysis and discussions among the stakeholders 

led to establishment of interim milestones for 

how soon that goal will be achieved. 

EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders 

made significant progress on most of the data 

December 2004 • Page 12 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
recommendations of the earlier national reports 

— in some instances achieving full 

implementation. Among the major 

accomplishments, EPA has: 

•	 improved the display of drinking water data 

in Envirofacts; 

•	 characterized and quantified the data quality 

problem; 

•	 taken interim steps to improve data quality, 

including improvements to the data entry 

tools states use to put information in 

SDWIS/FED and provision of a mechanism 

that enables water systems to confirm the 

accuracy of data before it is accepted by 

SDWIS/FED; and 

•	 made a long-term commitment to achieve and 

maintain data quality goals. 

More remains to be done to achieve the goal of 

100% accurate, complete, and timely 

information. Some of the next steps EPA, states, 

and the drinking water stakeholders have agreed 

to undertake include: 

•	 streamlining data reporting and reducing rule 

complexity; 

•	 conducting more training to ensure regulatory 

staff can accurately determine compliance 

with drinking water rules and data entry staff 

can upload complete and accurate data to 

SDWIS/FED; 

•	 making SDWIS/FED error reports more user 

friendly and understandable to state drinking 

water managers; 

•	 encouraging states to issue annual reminders 

to water systems of their compliance 

monitoring schedules; 

•	 providing states with individual, prioritized 

recommendations for improving their data 

quality; 

•	 performing more frequent data verification 

audits; 

•	 calculating estimates for SDWIS/FED data 

quality every 3 years, or more frequently if 

data from a sufficient number of data 

verifications are available; 

•	 working with the Association of State 

Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) to 

implement its updated 2003 Data Reliability 

Analysis and Action Plan (DRAAP). 

Implementation of the plan will begin in 

2005; 

•	 negotiating grant conditions with several 

states to encourage them to follow quality 

assurance/quality control plans for drinking 

water violation data reported to EPA and 

address the differences in interpretation of 

the regulation; and 

•	 working with all states to implement the EPA 

Order 5360.1 A2 dealing with requirements 

for quality management systems. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 13 • December 2004 

National Summary of Compliance for Public 

Water Systems in Indian Country in 2002 

INTRODUCTION 

This section of the 2002 National Public Water 

Systems Compliance Report describes how the 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and 

federally-recognized Indian tribes (tribes) are 

meeting the goal of ensuring that public water 

systems in Indian country provide safe drinking 

water. 

PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN 

INDIAN COUNTRY 

Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary 

enforcement authority (known as primacy) to 

administer the drinking water program provided 

they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and 

1451 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As 

of 2002, only the Navajo Nation has received 

primacy for most public water systems on the 

Navajo Reservation. For the purposes of this 

report, EPA, therefore, administers the drinking 

water program in the rest of Indian country. 

A glossary of terms used in this report appears 

in Appendix A. A map of the areas covered by 

this section appears in Appendix C. 

PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN 

ALASKA AND OKLAHOMA 

Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages 

outside of Indian country are not included in this 

section of the report. Similarly, compliance 

figures for 18 public water systems in Indian 

country located in Oklahoma are not included in 

this section of the report. In both cases, this 

information is found in the state reports for 

Alaska and Oklahoma, respectively. The state 

reports do not, however, contain separate 

information on these public water systems. 

DATA QUALITY 

This report uses information from the Safe 

Drinking Water Information System/Federal 

Version (SDWIS/FED). SDWIS/FED is the national 

database where EPA records information on 

public water systems in Indian country. Public 

water systems in Indian country are required to 

report laboratory data to EPA. EPA uses the 

information to determine compliance with the 

national primary drinking water regulations of 

SDWA. 

This report also discusses the limitations in the 

data EPA uses to measure its success and the 

steps it is taking to increase data reliability and 

completeness. The report also discusses EPA’s 

compliance assistance, enforcement, and 

financial assistance programs. EPA plans to 

continue its data quality efforts during 2003 to 

ensure that SDWIS/FED contains complete and 

accurate information. A complete discussion of 

data quality is in the National Summary of Public 

Water Systems Compliance in 2002 under the 

section entitled Data Quality. 

FINDINGS 

In 2002, 978 public water systems in Indian 

country served 735,889 users. 

•	 755 community water systems served 

617,075 people in their primary residences. 

•	 115 non-transient non-community systems 

(schools and factories) served 94,460 people 

in places they frequented. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country Page 15 • December 2004 
•	 108 transient non-community systems 

(campgrounds and highway rest stops) served 

24,354 people who passed through. 

Percentage of Systems by Type 

77% 

12% 

11% 

Transient Non-Community


Community


Non-Transient Non-Community


Almost all public water systems in Indian 

country were small. These small systems 

provide drinking water to the majority of the 

public who drank water in Indian country. 

•	 96% of public water systems in Indian 

country serve 3,300 or fewer people. These 

936 small systems served 63% of the people 

who received water from public water 

systems in Indian country. Conversely, the 

other 42 public water systems in Indian 

country serve 37% of the people who received 

water from public water systems in Indian 

country. 

As reported to SDWIS/FED, most public water 

systems in Indian country did not have 

violations. 

•	 753 of 978 water systems (77%) had no 

reported health-based or significant reporting 

violations. 

Systems with Reported Significant Violations 

77% 

23% 

No Reported Violations 

Violations of Some Kind 

93% of public water systems in Indian country 

reported no violations of a health-based 

drinking water standard in 2002. 

•	 110 health-based violations in Indian country, 

including multiple violations by some 

systems, were reported to SDWIS/FED in 

2002. The Maximum Contaminant Level 

(MCL) for the Total Coliform Rule (95%) was 

the health-based standard most frequently 

violated. 

Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule 

100% 

0% 0% 

5% 

95% 

90% 

80% 

70% 

60% 

50% 

40% 

30% 

20% 

10% 

0% 

Chem TCR LCR SWTR 

Percentage of Health-Based Violations 

December 2004 • Page 16 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country 
The vast majority of violations reported to 

SDWIS/FED in 2002 were for a public water 

system’s significant failure to monitor and 

report, rather than health-based MCL or a 

treatment technique violations detected and 

reported by a system. 

•	 Of the 1,037 violations reported to 

SDWIS/FED in 2002, 800 (77%) were 

significant violations of monitoring and 

reporting requirements. If a system did not 

monitor the quality of its water, it is 

impossible to know if it has violated healthbased requirements. For this reason, a 

system’s significant failure to monitor and 

report is a major violation that must be 

addressed and corrected. 

•	 Public water systems in Indian country 

represent 0.6% of all public water systems in 

the United States and were responsible for 

0.9% of all monitoring and reporting 

violations at public water systems reported to 

SDWIS/FED in 2002. 

Type of Violations 

11% 

12% 

77% 

Health-based 

Monitoring and Reporting 

CCR 

As reported to SDWIS/FED, 90% of community 

water systems in Indian country complied with 

the Consumer Confidence Report Rule. 

•	 The Consumer Confidence Report Rule 

requires all community water systems to 

provide an annual report to customers 

identifying the contaminants detected in their 

water and the health risks associated with 

those contaminants. 

•	 In calendar year 2002, 77 community water 

systems in Indian country were found to have 

a “significant” violation of the Consumer 

Confidence Report Rule, meaning that the 

community water system completely failed to 

provide the required report. 

COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE 

AND ENFORCEMENT 

EPA uses multiple approaches to ensure public 

water systems in Indian country comply with 

SDWA regulations. 

EPA’s tribal compliance assistance program is 

designed to help maintain compliance with SDWA 

by building cooperative working relationships 

with utility managers, operators, other tribal 

environmental staff, and tribal elected officials. 

The program emphasizes information exchanges, 

operation assistance, and water quality 

monitoring. 

EPA gives information and assistance directly to 

tribal public water system operators, utility 

managers, and owners through training sessions, 

newsletters, telephone support, and system visits. 

On-site technical assistance is provided by 

engineers and qualified staff who work with 

tribes to assess current compliance status, 

develop monitoring schedules and compliance 

plans, and conduct sanitary surveys. EPA 

coordinates many of these activities with other 

federal agencies, including the Indian Health 

Service and the Bureau of Reclamation. 

Coordination also occurs with non-governmental 

organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including 

the Native American Water Association, the Rural 

Water Association, and the Rural Community 

Assistance Corporation. 

EPA is also responsible for initiating enforcement 

actions against owners or operators of public 

water systems in Indian country if a system is not 

in compliance with SDWA. In most cases, EPA 

relies on compliance assistance and informal 

enforcement actions to facilitate a tribally-owned 

or -managed public water system’s return to 

compliance. When a formal enforcement action is 

appropriate, EPA can initiate administrative 

orders, including emergency administrative 

orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the 

Department of Justice. The “EPA Policy for the 

Administration of Environmental Programs on 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country Page 17 • December 2004 
Indian Reservations” (EPA Indian Policy, 11/8/84) 

and the “Guidance on the Enforcement Principles 

Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy” (EPA Tribal 

Enforcement Principles) guide the Agency’s 

approach to bringing civil administrative or 

judicial enforcement actions against systems 

owned, operated, or managed by tribal 

governments. 

Public water systems are required to monitor for 

89 different contaminants and conduct analyses 

using a variety of EPA-approved analytical 

methods. Where a system fails to perform 

monitoring for some or all of the required 

contaminants, a separate monitoring and 

reporting violation is recorded for each missed 

contaminant. Each of these violations is 

enforceable. 

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE 

EPA provides financial assistance to public water 

systems in Indian country to help build tribal 

capacity to operate and maintain systems in 

compliance with SDWA. Capacity building is a 

long-term solution which focuses on giving tribes 

grants, training, and technical assistance as they 

develop their environmental programs. EPA’s 

Indian General Assistance Program builds tribal 

capacity by providing grants to plan, develop, and 

establish environmental protection programs, 

including drinking water programs. 

EPA also distributes funds for specific drinking 

water program priorities. EPA allotted 

approximately $2.7 million (3% of the set-aside of 

public water systems appropriations) for 

implementing the Tribal Public Water System 

Supervision Program in fiscal year 2002. 

Through this program, EPA awards grants to 

tribes and tribal organizations to address various 

aspects of the drinking water program. 

In addition to the 3% set-aside, EPA received an 

additional $3 to $4 million in fiscal year 2002 for 

addressing drinking water needs on Indian lands. 

EPA is focusing on activities such as: 

• capacity development projects; 

•	 source water and wellhead protection 

projects; 

•	 development of a voluntary operator 

certification program for tribes; 

•	 provision of operator training and 

certification to tribal operators; 

• consolidation of PWSs; 

• distribution system improvements; 

• community water system extensions; 

• replacement of water mains; 

• adding new wells; 

• treatment improvements; and 

• construction of new pumphouses. 

In the 1996 Amendments to SDWA, an 

infrastructure funding program was established 

to improve water supplies. Each year, 1.5% of the 

appropriation for the national Drinking Water 

State Revolving Fund program is set aside for 

American Indian communities and Alaska Native 

Villages. The initial set-aside from the 1997 

appropriation amounted to $19.25 million. 

Subsequent set-asides have been: $10.87 million 

in fiscal year 1998; $11.625 million in fiscal year 

1999; $12.3 million in fiscal year 2000; $12.347 

million in fiscal year 2001; and $12.75 million in 

fiscal year 2002. 

Finally, technical assistance and training for 

small tribally-owned or -operated public water 

systems are also provided. Through the 

cooperative agreements, small tribal public water 

systems receive information on training and 

technical assistance, wellhead and ground water 

protection, and source water protection. 

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

In 2002, EPA Regions reported that 77% of the 

public water systems in Indian country did not 

report a violation of a health-based standard, a 

significant monitoring and reporting violation, or 

a significant consumer notification violation. This 

represents an overall increase from 2001 when 

60% of facilities did not report a violation of a 

health-based standard, a significant monitoring 

and reporting violation, or a significant consumer 

notification violation. 

During 2002, there was a noticeable decrease in 

the total number of significant violations of 

monitoring and reporting requirements in Indian 

country (from 983 in 2001 to 799 in 2002). 

EPA continues to implement two primary 

recommendations from previous reports: 

(1) improve collection and maintenance of 

compliance data for public water systems in 

December 2004 • Page 18 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country 
Indian country; and (2) place a priority on 

decreasing the number of monitoring and 

reporting violations to gain a full understanding 

of whether health-based violations exist. EPA will 

accomplish these recommendations by: 

•	 improving the inventory of public water 

systems in Indian country; 

•	 improving the collection and entry into 

SDWIS/FED of compliance and enforcement 

information in a timely manner to avoid 

keeping multiple records; 

•	 continuing to work with tribal governments, 

utility managers, and water system operators 

to improve compliance with monitoring and 

reporting requirements and with health-based 

standards, particularly the Total Coliform 

Rule and Surface Water Treatment Rule; 

•	 increasing EPA’s field presence, conducting 

more frequent sanitary surveys, and engaging 

in targeted technical and compliance 

assistance and enforcement; and 

•	 continuing to support and encourage capital 

improvements for public water systems to 

improve the infrastructure (and therefore 

compliance with SDWA requirements) of 

public water systems in Indian country, 

including grants provided under the Drinking 

Water Tribal Infrastructure Improvement 

Program. 

Ultimately, EPA continues to respond to 

compliance and enforcement issues at public 

water systems owned, operated, or managed by 

tribal governments in a manner consistent with 

SDWA, the EPA Indian Policy, and the EPA Tribal 

Enforcement Principles. Where compliance 

assistance is ineffective or where, among other 

things, there is a significant threat to human 

health or the environment, EPA takes appropriate 

steps to return systems to compliance, including 

formal enforcement actions. 

Beginning in federal fiscal year 2005, EPA's Office 

of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance plans 

to focus increased attention on environmental 

issues in Indian country through implementation 

of its new Strategy for the Tribal National 

Compliance and Enforcement Priority. One of the 

goals is to improve compliance with drinking 

water standards by the end of fiscal year 2007. 

Between fiscal year 2005 and fiscal year 2008, 

EPA will work to improve the quality of public 

water system data, provide additional compliance 

assistance, and reduce the number of systems 

that are out of compliance for key microbial 

rules. In addition, as part of this strategy, EPA is 

planning to conduct by 2008 data verifications 

for the nine EPA regions which have direct 

implementation authority for tribal drinking 

water programs. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country Page 19 • December 2004 

Appendix A


Glossary of Terms


Administrative Order 

Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a 

State to address noncompliance at a public water 

system, usually by means of a compliance 

schedule with enforceable milestone dates. 

Chemical Rules 

Refers collectively to regulations that protect the 

public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals, 

inorganic chemicals (including lead and copper), 

and radioactivity in drinking water. 

Community Water System 

A public water system that serves at least 15 

service connections used by year-round residents 

or regularly serves at least 25 year-round 

residents (e.g., homes, apartments and 

condominiums that are occupied year-round as 

primary residences). 

Consumer Confidence Rule 

Requires community water systems to prepare 

and provide to their customers annual consumer 

confidence reports on the quality of the water 

delivered by the systems. 

Federally-recognized Indian Tribe 

An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, 

community, or Alaska Native Village that the 

Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as 

an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally 

Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, 25 

U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the 

Department of the Interior, the list of federallyrecognized tribes is updated periodically and 

published in the Federal Register. The latest list 

of federally-recognized Indian tribes is available 

at 65 Federal Register 12398 (March 13, 2000). 

Health-based Violation 

A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant 

Level or a Treatment Technique requirement. 

Inorganic Chemicals 

These non-carbon based compounds (such as 

metals, nitrates, and asbestos) can either occur 

naturally in some sources of drinking water or be 

introduced by human activity. EPA has 

established MCLs for 15 inorganic contaminants. 

Violations of standards for lead and copper are 

addressed separately. 

Large System 

A public water system that serves more than 

10,000 people. 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Requires a public water system to take steps to 

minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper 

in drinking water by monitoring for these 

contaminants, installing corrosion control where 

required, and, where necessary, educating the 

public about ways to reduce exposure. A system 

may also be required to treat its source water or 

replace lead service lines. 

Maximum Contaminant Level 

The maximum permissible level of a contaminant 

in water delivered to any user of a public water 

system. 

Monitoring and Reporting Violation 

Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and 

reporting schedule or violation of contaminantspecific minimum testing schedules and 

operational reporting requirements. Those 

monitoring and reporting violations considered 

“significant” for the purposes of the state and 

national public water system compliance reports 

are described below in Table A–1. 

Nitrate and Nitrite 

Inorganic compounds that can enter water 

supplies, primarily from fertilizer runoff, 

livestock farms, and sanitary wastewater 

discharges. 

Non-transient Non-community Water System 

A non-community public water system that 

regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons 

over six months per year. A typical example of a 

non-transient non-community water system is a 

school or an office building that has its own 

water source, such as a drinking water well. 

Organic Chemicals 

These carbon-based compounds, such as 

solvents and pesticides, can enter drinking water 

through a variety of means, including factory 

discharges or runoff from crop lands. EPA has 

established MCLs for 56 organic contaminants. 

Primacy 

The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA, 

States, and Tribes to work as partners to ensure 

delivery of safe drinking water to the public. Any 

State or Indian Tribe can request responsibility 

for operation and oversight of the drinking water 

program within its borders. In order to receive 

this responsibility (called “primary enforcement 

authority” or “primacy”), a State or Tribe must 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A Page A–1 • December 2004 
show, among other things, that it has adopted 

drinking water regulations that are at least as 

stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrate 

its capacity both to enforce those regulations and 

to implement other activities necessary to ensure 

compliance. 

In the absence of State or Tribal primacy, EPA 

assumes responsibility for administering the 

drinking water program for that area. Of the 56 

eligible States (defined to include 

Commonwealths, Territories, and the District of 

Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of 

Columbia have primacy. During calendar year 

2001, the EPA Regional Offices administered the 

drinking water program within these two 

jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands, except for 

the Navajo Nation. 

Primary Drinking Water Regulations 

These are regulations that apply to public water 

systems; specify contaminants which, in the 

judgment of the Administrator, may have an 

adverse effect on the health of persons; and 

specify for each such contaminant either a 

maximum contaminant level or a treatment 

technique. 

Public Water System 

A system for the provision to the public of water 

for human consumption through pipes or other 

constructed conveyances, if such system has at 

least 15 service connections or regularly serves at 

least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the 

year. A public water system can be either a 

community water system, a non-transient noncommunity water system, or a transient noncommunity water system. 

Radionuclides 

Radioactive particles, such as radium-226, 

radium-228, gross alpha, and beta 

particle/photon radioactivity, can occur naturally 

in water or may result from human activity. EPA 

has established MCLs for beta/photon emitters, 

alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228. 

Regional Offices 

Responsible for implementing Environmental 

Protection Agency programs within their 

respective jurisdictions. Regional Offices 

cooperate with Federal, State, interstate, and 

local agencies, as well as with industry, academic 

institutions, and other private groups to ensure 

that Regional needs are addressed and that 

Federal environmental laws are upheld. 

Small Systems 

Public water systems that serve no more than 

3,300 people. 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) 

requires a public water system served by surface 

water or by ground water under the influence of 

surface water to take steps (such as disinfection, 

filtration followed by disinfection, or watershed 

control) to reduce potential exposure to 

microbiological contamination. 

Total Coliform Rule 

Establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water 

distribution systems. Although coliform bacteria, 

which are found in decaying organic material and 

in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, are 

usually not harmful to human health, their 

presence may indicate the presence of other, 

more dangerous microbial contamination. 

SDWIS/FED 

EPA’s database for collecting safe drinking water 

monitoring results from oversight agencies. 

SDWIS stands for Safe Drinking Water 

Information System. Public Water Systems are 

required to report all monitoring results to the 

primary enforcement authority. States with 

primacy, or EPA where it administers the 

program, analyze the monitoring results, 

determine compliance, and report violations to 

EPA on a quarterly basis. EPA maintains records 

of these violations in SDWIS/FED. SDWIS/FED 

records only violations, not results that 

demonstrate compliance with drinking water 

standards. 

Total Trihalomethanes 

These chemicals can be by-products of chemical 

processes used to disinfect drinking water. 

Transient Non-community Water System 

A non-community water system that regularly 

serves at least 25 people (but not the same 25) 

over six months per year. A typical example is a 

campground or a highway rest stop that has its 

own water source, such as a drinking water well. 

December 2004 • Page A–2 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A 
Treatment Technique 

In cases where EPA has determined it is not 

technically or economically feasible to establish 

an MCL, the Agency can instead specify a 

treatment technique. These are treatment 

methods required by EPA to minimize the level of 

a contaminant in drinking water. 

Variances and Exemptions 

A public water system that cannot comply with a 

drinking water standard because of poor source 

water quality, or, in the case of small systems, 

inadequate financial resources, can be granted a 

variance to comply with less stringent, but still 

protective standards based on a specific EPAapproved technology available to the system. An 

exemption allows a PWS with compelling 

circumstances (including economic 

considerations) additional time to achieve 

compliance with applicable SDWA requirements, 

so long as public health is adequately protected. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A Page A–3 • December 2004 
TABLE A–1: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING VIOLATIONS FOR


ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM REPORTS


Rule Violation Type Description 

SDWIS 

Violation Code1 

SDWIS 

Contaminant Code 

Total Coliform Rule 

Major routine No samples collected during a 

compliance period 23 3100 

Major repeat 

No follow-up samples 

collected after a positive total 

coliform sample or no 

speciation 

25 3100

Surface Water 

Treatment Rule 

Major (filtered) 

Collected less than 90% of 

samples required during a 

compliance period 

36 None 

Major (unfiltered) 

Collected less than 90% of 

samples required during a 

compliance period 

31 None 

Lead and 

Copper Rule 

Initial lead and 

copper tap 

Either failed to collect the 

initial tap samples, and then 

failed to correct that omission 

within a) 3 months for large 

systems, b) 6 months for 

medium systems, or c) 12 

months for small systems; or 

failed to submit the associated 

report 

51 

Follow-up or 

routine lead 

and copper tap 

Failed to collect 1 or more 

required samples 52 

C

h

Phase I, II, IIB, 

and V Rules 

Regular 

monitoring 

Failed to collect any required 

samples2 03 By contaminant 

e

Total 

Trihalomethanes 

Regular 

monitoring 

Failed to collect any required 

samples 03 2950 

m Radionuclides Regular 

monitoring 

Failed to collect any required 

samples 03 4000, 4100, 4010 

1	 EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting 

violations associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code. 

2 Failure to collect “any required samples” means none of the required samples were collected. 

December 2004 • Page A–4 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A 
TABLE A–2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR


PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 2002


Applicability of Regulations 

Contaminant/Rule Community 

Water Systems 

Non-transient NonCommunity Water Systems Transient Non-Community 

Water Systems 

Organic Contaminants All All Only epichlorohydrin 

and acrylamide 

Total Trihalomethanes 

Contaminants 

(TTHM) 

Only systems serving more 

than 10,000 None None 

Inorganic Contaminants All All except arsenic 

and fluoride None 

Nitrate and Nitrite 

Contaminants All All All 

Radionuclides 

Contaminants All None None 

Total Coliform Rule All All All 

Surface Water Treatment 

Some 

Only PWSs using surface 

water sources or ground 

water sources under 

the direct influence of 

surface water 

Some 

Only PWSs using surface 

water sources or ground 

water sources under 

the direct influence of 

surface water 

Some 

Only PWSs using surface 

water sources or ground 

water sources under 

the direct influence of 

surface water 

Lead and Copper Rule All All None 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A Page A–5 • December 2004 

Appendix B


Summaries of State Annual


Compliance Reports


CONTENTS


Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–7 

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–8 

American Samoa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–9 

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–10 

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–11 

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–12 

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–13 

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–14 

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–15 

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–16 

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–17 

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–18 

Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–19 

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–20 

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–21 

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–22 

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–23 

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–24 

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–25 

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–26 

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–27 

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–28 

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–29 

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–30 

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–31 

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–32 

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–33 

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–34 

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–35 

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–36 

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–37 

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–38 

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–39 

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–40 

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–41 

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–42 

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–43 

Northern Mariana Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–44 

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–45 

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–46 

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–47 

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–48 

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–49 

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–50 

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–51 

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–52 

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–53 

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–54 

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–55 

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–56 

Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–57 

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–58 

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–59 

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–60 

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–61 

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–62 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–1 • December 2004 

This Appendix presents a summary of each state 

report in a standardized format. The format 

includes an overall summary of the violations 

data specified in Section 1414 of the 1996 Safe 

Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments (i.e., 

violations with respect to maximum contaminant 

levels (MCLs), treatment technique violations, 

significant monitoring and reporting 

requirements, significant notification violations, 

and variances and exemptions). 

This Appendix summarizes the data reported by the 

States, but does not interpret it. Therefore, other factors 

must be taken into account before drawing conclusions 

about a State program. For example, public water systems 

are required to report all violations to the State, but State 

drinking water programs vary in the regulations they 

choose to emphasize. A State that decided to focus 

attention and resources on one particular rule may have 

discovered and reported many more violations of that rule 

than a State that chose to focus on a different rule. A 

disproportionate number of violations in a State could also 

indicate that the State needs to work with its public water 

systems to improve their compliance. 

Readers are cautioned to view the violations data provided 

in the State summaries within the context of each State 

and its individual drinking water program. 

In 2002, EPA received State Public Water System 

Compliance Reports from 48 of the 57 primacy 

states, Commonwealths, Territories, and tribes. As 

in past years, American Samoa, Guam, and the 

Northern Mariana Islands did not submit reports, 

and, with limited exceptions, did not supply 

information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did not receive a 

report from Arizona, Iowa, Kentucky, 

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and the Navajo 

Nation. Appendix B supplies what information is 

available in SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at 

public water systems in the Pacific territories. 

Because the District of Columbia, Wyoming, and 

most Indian Tribes did not have primary 

enforcement responsibility for drinking water in 

calendar year 2002, EPA prepared reports for 

those jurisdictions. 

Violations for 2002 

EPA summarizes the number of MCL, treatment 

technique, and significant monitoring and 

reporting violations1 reported by each state in 

five categories: 

•	 Violations of chemical contaminant 

requirements2 

• Violations of the Total Coliform Rule 

• Violations of the Surface Water Treatment Rule 

• Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule 

• Significant Notification Violation 

EPA summarizes the numbers of individual 

public water systems in violation in each of these 

five categories, as reported by the state. 

If a state’s report did not include information in a 

category, EPA’s summary notes the omission. 

2002 Totals 

EPA also summarizes the total number of 

systems in each state, the total number of 

violations reported, and the total number of 

PWSs in violation, if the state reported this 

information. When states did not provide 

information on the total number of public water 

systems, EPA supplied that information from the 

SDWIS/FED. 

Systems in Violation 

Systems in Violation is defined as the number of 

different systems with a reported violation of this 

type. Some states counted a system with multiple 

violations or violations in more than one category 

as one violating system. Other states counted a 

violating system each time it had a violation, or 

once for each of the regulatory categories in 

which it had a violation. If EPA’s review of a 

state’s report indicated some violating systems 

were counted more than once, an asterisk notes 

that the state’s number possibly overcounts 

violating systems. 

Variances and Exemptions 

There were no reported violations of variances 

and exemptions in 2002. 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual 

Public Water Systems Report 

If a state’s report includes information on how to 

obtain a copy of the report, that information is 

provided on the state summary page in this 

Appendix. 

1	 A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations including exceptions to the definition for the Total 

Coliform Rule and Lead and Copper Rule appears in Appendix A. 

2	 MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and 

radionuclide contaminants. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–3 • December 2004 
Table B–1: Summary of Elements Reported by States 

State 

Submitted 

Report 

Reported on Violation 

Categories 

Reported 

on V/E 

Provided 

Inventory 

Information 

Identified 

Size and Type 

of Violating 

Systems 

Discussed 

Compliance and 

Enforcement 

Responses 

Identified Each 

System with 

MCL and TT 

Violations 

Provided 

Information 

to Public on 

Availability 

Provided 

Additional 

Information1 CCR MCL M/R TT 

Alabama x x x x x x x x x x 

Alaska x x x x x x x x x x x 

American Samoa Did not submit report. 

Arizona Did not submit report. 

Arkansas x x x x x x x x x x x x 

California x x x x x x 

Colorado x x x x x x x x x x 

Connecticut x x x x x x x x x x 

Delaware x x x x x x x x x 

District of Columbia x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Florida x x x x x x x x x 

Georgia x x x x x x x x x 

Guam Did not submit report. 

Hawaii x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Idaho x x x x x x x x x x 

Illinois x x x x x x x x x x x 

Indiana x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Iowa Did not submit report. 

Kansas x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Kentucky Did not submit report. 

Louisiana x x x x x x x x x 

Maine x x x x x x x x x 

Maryland x x x x x x x x x x 

Massachusetts Did not submit report. 

Michigan x x x x x x x x x x 

Minnesota x x x x x x x x x x 

Mississippi x x x x x x x x x 

Missouri x x x x x x x x x 

Montana x x x x x x x x x x 

Navajo Nation Did not submit report. 

Nebraska x x x x x x x x x x 

1. An “x” in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance. 

December 2004 • Page B–4 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Table B–1: Summary of Elements Reported by States (continued)

State 

Submitted 

Report 

Reported on Violation 

Categories 

Reported 

on V/E 

Provided 

Inventory 

Information 

Identified 

Size and Type 

of Violating 

Systems 

Discussed 

Compliance and 

Enforcement 

Responses 

Identified Each 

System with 

MCL and TT 

Violations 

Provided 

Information 

to Public on 

Availability 

Provided 

Additional 

Information1 CCR MCL M/R TT 

Nevada x x 

New Hampshire x x x x x x x x x x x x 

New Jersey x x x x x x x x x 

New Mexico x x x x x x x x x x 

New York x x x x x x x x x x x 

North Carolina x x x x x x x x x x 

North Dakota x x x x x x x x x x 

Northern Mariana Islands Did not submit report. 

Ohio x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Oklahoma x x x x x x x x 

Oregon x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Pennsylvania x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Puerto Rico x x x x x x x x x x 

Rhode Island Did not submit report. 

South Carolina x x x x x x x x x x x 

South Dakota x x x x x x x x 

Tennessee x x x x x x x x x x x 

Texas x x x x x x x x x x 

Utah x x x x x x x 

Vermont x x x x x x x x x x x 

Virgin Islands x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Virginia x x x x x x x x x 

Washington x x x x x x x x x x 

West Virginia x x x x x x x x x x 

Wisconsin x x x x x x x 

Wyoming x x x x x x x x x x x 

1. An “x” in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–5 • December 2004 

State of Alabama 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 28 14 160 21 

Total Coliform Rule 29 27 47* 30 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 35 35 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

* The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 705 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 120** 

Total Number of 

Violations 299 

** This number is approximate; the state report indicated that 83% of the total number of systems were in complete compliance. 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Alabama’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


ADEM


Drinking Water Branch


P. O. Box 301463


Montgomery, AL 36130-1463


Web Site: http://www.adem.state.al.us/viorep2000.html


E-mail: tsd@adem.state.al.us


Alabama’s State Report can also be reviewed at the ADEM field offices in Birmingham, Decatur, and Mobile.


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–7 • December 2004 
State of Alaska 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 2 2 1,624 224 

Total Coliform Rule 33 29 755 392 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 159 62 512 128 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 184 143 

Consumer Confidence Report 301 199 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,582 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 694 

Total Number of 

Violations 3,570 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Alaska’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


ADEC


DW/WW Program 


555 Cordova Street


Anchorage, AK 99501


Web Site: http://www.state.ak.us/dec/deh/water/violations.htm 


Telephone: (907) 269-7647


December 2004 • Page B–8 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
American Samoa 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 52 8 1 1 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 14 14 45 5 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 22 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 112 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

American Samoa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–9 • December 2004 
State of Arizona 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 51 27 4,025 767 

Total Coliform Rule 130 106 1,153 442 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 132 30 213 44 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 307 261 

Consumer Confidence Report 3 3 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,665 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 6,014 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Arizona did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

December 2004 • Page B–10 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Arkansas 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 21 8* 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 93 77 179 144 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 67 18** 92 26 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 9 9 

Consumer Confidence Report 21 21 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems.


**The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.


Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,159 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 250 

Total Number of 

Violations 483 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Arkansas’ State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Arkansas Department of Health 


Shared Services


4815 West Markham Street


Litttle Rock, AR 72205-2032


Web Site: http://www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/viol.htm


Attention: David Quattlebaum, Compliance/Enforcement Officer


Telephone: (501) 661-2623


Fax: (501) 661-2032


E-mail: dquattlebaum@healthyarkansas.com


Arkansas’ State Report is also available at all local health units in Arkansas.


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–11 • December 2004 
State of California 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 94* 70** 123 117* 

Total Coliform Rule 579 453 922 622 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 94 33 4 3 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR NR NR 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

*The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here. 

** Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6,000† 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,816 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

California’s State Report is available by contacting:


Department of Health Services


Division of Drinking Water and Environmental Management


601 North 7th Street, MS 92


P.O. Box 942732


Sacramento, CA 94234-7320


Web Site: http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ddwem/publications/pubindex.htm


Telephone: (916) 323-6111


December 2004 • Page B–12 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Colorado 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 4 4 164 105 

Total Coliform Rule 55 44 451 323 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 64 32 50 30 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 30 30 

Consumer Confidence Report 62 55 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,078 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 882 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Colorado’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment


Water Quality Control Division


CADM-B2


4300 Cherry Creek Drive South


Denver, CO 80246


Web Site: http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/Drinking_Water/Drinking_Water_Program_Home.htm


Attention: Annual Compliance Report


Lori Gerzina


WQCD Compliance Assurance & Data Management Unit


Telephone: (303) 692-3587


E-mail: lori.gerzina@state.co.us


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–13 • December 2004 
State of Connecticut 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 23 15* 1,754 446* 

Total Coliform Rule 471 257** 2,417 1,173 

Surface Water Treatment Rule NR NR NR NR 

Lead and Copper Rule 5 5 90 87 

Consumer Confidence Report 6 5 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 3,020 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 4,766 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Connecticut’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Drinking Water Division Offices


Department of Public Health


450 Capitol Avenue


Hartford, CT 06106-1365


Web Site: http://www.dph.state.ct.us/BRS/Water/DWD.htm


Telephone: (860) 509-7333


December 2004 • Page B–14 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Delaware 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 14 12 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 51 42 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 29 24 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 611* 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 79 

Total Number of 

Violations 94 

* The state report gives two different counts in the report. The greater of the two counts is shown here. 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Delaware’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Office of Drinking Water 

Division of Public Health 

Blue Hen Corporate Center 

655 Bay Road, Suite 203 

Dover, DE 19903 

Web Site: http://www.state.de.us/dhss/dph/hsp/files/acr2002report.pdf 

Telephone: (302) 739-5410 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–15 • December 2004 
District of Columbia 2002 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2002


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 1 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1 

Total Number of 

Violations 2 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

District of Columbia’s Report is available by accessing EPA Region III’s web site or by contacting:


Drinking Water Branch (3WP22)


U.S. EPA Region III


1650 Arch Street


Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029


Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/links.htm


Attention: George Rizzo, DC PWSS Program Manager


Telephone: (215) 814-5781


FAX: (215) 814-2318


E-mail: rizzo.george@epa.gov


December 2004 • Page B–16 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Florida 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 25 19* 182 178 

Total Coliform Rule 299 230* 691 533 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 2 2 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 134 134* 

Consumer Confidence Report 26 26 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6,500 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,359 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Florida’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site: 

Web Site: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/drinkingwater 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–17 • December 2004 
State of Georgia 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 105 21* 

Total Coliform Rule 133 106 824 490 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 271 271 

Consumer Confidence Report 27 17 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,262† 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,193 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,034** 

** Total violations in the report (2,034) differs from the calculated total (1,361). 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Georgia’s State Report is available by contacting:


Department of Natural Resources


Environmental Protection Division


Drinking Water Program


Information Management Unit


2 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive, Suite 1362 East


Atlanta, GA 30334


Attention: Doug Davenport


Telephone: (404) 651-5162


December 2004 • Page B–18 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Guam 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 2 2 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 12 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 2 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Guam did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–19 • December 2004 
State of Hawaii 2002 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2002


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 37 4 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 132 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 4 

Total Number of 

Violations 37 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Hawaii’s State Report is available by contacting:


William Wong, P.E., Chief


Hawaii Department of Health


Safe Drinking Water Branch


Environmental Management Division


919 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 308


Honolulu, HI 96814-4920


Telephone: (808) 586-4258


Fax: (808) 586-4351


E-mail: bwong@eha.health.state.hi.us


December 2004 • Page B–20 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Idaho 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 13 8 314 226 

Total Coliform Rule 158 134 389 321 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 8 6 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 446 295 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,067 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 790 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,328 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Idaho’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Idaho Department of Environmental Quality’s regional offices or the state’s seven district health departments.


Web Site: http://www.deq.state.id.us/water/acr.htm 

DEQ Regional Offices and District Health Departments 

North Idaho


Coeur d'Alene Regional Office


2110 Ironwood Parkway


Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814


(208) 769-1422


North Central Idaho


Lewiston Regional Office


1118 F Street


Lewiston, ID 83501


(208) 799-4370


South Central Idaho


Twin Falls Regional Office


601 Pole Line Road, Suite 2


Twin Falls, ID 83301


(208) 736-2190


Southeast Idaho


Pocatello Regional Office


444 Hospital Way, #300


Pocatello, ID 83201


(208) 236-6160


Southwest Idaho


Boise Regional Office


1445 North Orchard


Boise, ID 83706-2239


(208) 373-0550


Eastern Idaho


Idaho Falls Regional Office


900 N. Skyline, Suite B


Idaho Falls, ID 83402


(208) 528-2650


Health District 1


Panhandle Health District Dept.


322 Marion


Sandpoint, ID 83864


(208) 265-6384


Health District 2


North Central District Dept.


215 10th Street


Lewiston, ID 83501


(208) 799-3100


Health District 3


Southwest District Health Dept.


920 Main Street


Caldwell, ID 83605


(208) 455-5403


Health District 4


Central District Health Dept.


707 North Armstrong Place


Boise, ID 83704


(208) 327-8522


Health District 5


South Central District Health Dept.


1020 Washington Street North


Twin Falls, ID 83301


(208) 734-5900, Ext. 213


Health District 6


Southeastern District Health Dept.


1901 Alvin Ricken Drive


Pocatello, ID 83201-2727


(208) 233-9080, Ext. 320


Health District 7


District Seven Health Dept.


254 “E” Street


Idaho Falls, ID 83403-3597


(208) 523-5382


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–21 • December 2004 
State of Illinois 2002 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2002


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 360 125 949 106 

Total Coliform Rule 99 84 217 180 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 8 6 5 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 7 7 25 22 

Consumer Confidence Report 23 19 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 5,693 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 458 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,693 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Illinois’ State Report is available by contacting:


Illinois EPA’s Division of Public Water Supplies


Telephone: (217) 782-9470


December 2004 • Page B–22 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Indiana 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 37 14* 4,447 592* 

Total Coliform Rule 279 253 2,112 1,440 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 24 9 3 4 

Lead and Copper Rule 23 22 220 144 

Consumer Confidence Report 169 116 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4,468 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,983 

Total Number of 

Violations 7,314** 

** Total violations in the report (7,312) differs from the calculated total (7,314). 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Indiana’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or contacting:


Indiana Department of Environmental Management


Office of Water Management


Drinking Water Branch


Web Site: http://www.state.in.us/idem/owm/dwb/compliance.html


Telephone: (317) 308-3280


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–23 • December 2004 
State of Iowa 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 52 28 558 276 

Total Coliform Rule 205 140 353 242 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 92 86 

Consumer Confidence Report 44 37 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,967 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,305 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Iowa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

December 2004 • Page B–24 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Kansas 2002 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2002


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 74 38* 1 1 

Total Coliform Rule 49** 47** 49 37 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 18 10 12 8 

Lead and Copper Rule 3 3 12 12 

Consumer Confidence Report 74 74 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems.


**The state report gives different counts throughout the report. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.


Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,086 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 305 

Total Number of 

Violations 468 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Kansas’ State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Kansas Department of Health and Environment


Bureau of Water


1000 SW Jackson, Suite 420


Topeka, KS 66612-1367


Web Site: http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/pws


Attention: Patti J. Croy


Telephone: (785) 296-3016


Fax: (785) 296-5509


E-mail: pcroy@kdhe.state.ks.us


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–25 • December 2004 
State of Kentucky 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 52 10 

Total Coliform Rule 18 16 78 32 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 9 9 32 11 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 98 81 

Consumer Confidence Report 43 28 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 655 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 330 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Kentucky did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

December 2004 • Page B–26 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Louisiana 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 10 5 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 175 145 5 3 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 7 3 3 2 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 70 70 

Consumer Confidence Report 5 5 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,850 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 219 

Total Number of 

Violations 281* 

* Total violations in the report (281) differs from the calculated total (275). 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Louisiana’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals


Office of Public Health


Engineering Services


6867 Bluebonnet, Suite 222


Baton Rouge, LA 70810


Telephone: (225) 765-5038


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–27 • December 2004 
State of Maine 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 14 9 4 2 

Total Coliform Rule 380 257 1,151 647 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 11 11 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 64 57 59 36 

Consumer Confidence Report 22 18 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,008 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 874 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,705 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

The state report did not provide information regarding public availability. 

December 2004 • Page B–28 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Maryland 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 23 20* 61 61* 

Total Coliform Rule 323 292* 206 117 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 6 6 NR NR 

Lead and Copper Rule 49 49 134 130* 

Consumer Confidence Report 0** 0** 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** All community water systems submitted a CCR, but not all reports were submitted on time. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 3,785 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 527 

Total Number of 

Violations 802 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Maryland’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Nancy Reilman


Maryland Department of the Environment


Water Supply Program


Web Site: http://www.mde.state.md.us


Telephone: (410) 631-3729


E-mail: nreilman@mde.state.md.us


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–29 • December 2004 
State of Massachusetts 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 1 1 

Total Coliform Rule 30 25 21 15 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 17 3 3 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 89 73 199 136 

Consumer Confidence Report 25 24 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,779 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 369 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Massachusetts did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

December 2004 • Page B–30 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Michigan 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 19 4 759 496 

Total Coliform Rule 443 402 1,342 1,107 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 3 2 4 4 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 76 75 

Consumer Confidence Report 34 34 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 12,190 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,737 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,680 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Michigan’s State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:


Michigan Department of Environmental Quality


Water Division


P.O. Box 30273


Lansing, MI 48909


Web Site: http://www.michigan.gov/deq


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–31 • December 2004 
State of Minnesota 2002 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2002


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 16 14* 1 1 

Total Coliform Rule 276 274** 101 78 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 71 33 46 24 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 48 45 

Consumer Confidence Report 17 14 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems 

** The state report gives two different counts in the tables. The count from the summary table is shown here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 8,258 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 439 

Total Number of 

Violations 578 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Minnesota’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Minnesota Department of Health


Division of Environmental Health


Drinking Water Protection Section


121 East Seventh Place


P.O. Box 64975


St. Paul, MN 55164-0975


Web Site: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/com/dwar/report02.html


Telephone: (651) 215-0770


Fax: (651) 215-0775


December 2004 • Page B–32 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Mississippi 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 3 1 36* 36 

Total Coliform Rule 62 59 48* 41 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 NR NR 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 12* 12 

Consumer Confidence Report 173 173 

* Possible undercounting of violations due to the grouping of individual violations. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,426 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 334 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

The State’s contact for the drinking water program is:


Joan Cockrell


Compliance and Enforcement Branch


Telephone: (601) 576-7528


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–33 • December 2004 
State of Missouri 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 15 9 162 70 

Total Coliform Rule 595 395 1,179 625 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 13 8 3 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 27 27 

Consumer Confidence Report 142 142 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,803 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,136 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Missouri’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Missouri Department of Natural Resources


Public Drinking Water Program


P.O. Box 176


Jefferson City, MO 65102


Web Site: http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/wpscd/pdwp


Telephone: (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-5331


December 2004 • Page B–34 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Montana 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 5 5* 180 166* 

Total Coliform Rule 219 157* 801 444 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 5 5* 26 7* 

Lead and Copper Rule 60 60* 113 79* 

Consumer Confidence Report 29 29 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,103 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,438 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Montana’s State Report is available by contacting:


Public Water Supply Section


Community Services Bureau


Permitting & Compliance Division


Montana Department of Environmental Quality


P.O. Box 200901


Helena, MT 59620-0901


Telephone: (406) 444-4400


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–35 • December 2004 
State of Nebraska 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 105 56* 27 26 

Total Coliform Rule 243 197* 167 142 

Surface Water Treatment Rule NR NR 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 7 7 

Consumer Confidence Report 91 90 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,374 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 643 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Nebraska’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services Regulation and Licensure


301 Centennial Mall South


Lincoln, NE 68509


Web Site: http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm


Attention: Jo Ann Wagner


Telephone: (402) 471-2541


Fax: (402) 471-6436


E-mail: jwagner@inebraska.com


Nebraska’s State Report is also available through the Nebraska Library Commission.


December 2004 • Page B–36 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Nevada 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1† 1† 2† 1† 

Total Coliform Rule 80† 60† 138† 110† 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 1† 1† 0† 0† 

Lead and Copper Rule 1† 1† 272† 223† 

Consumer Confidence Report 111† 80† 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 617† 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 224 

Total Number of 

Violations 375 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

The state report did not provide information regarding public availability. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–37 • December 2004 
State of New Hampshire 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 20 19 357* 52 

Total Coliform Rule 165 142 188 146 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 4 3 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 14 14 24 24 

Consumer Confidence Report 37 37 

* Total number of violations on page 12 and A-4 in report (357) differs from the calculated total (358). Counts from the text of the report are 

shown here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,218 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 809 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

New Hampshire’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services


Water Division, Water Supply Engineering Bureau


6 Hazen Drive


P.O. Box 95


Concord, NH 03301


Web Site: http://www.des.state.nh.us/wseb


Attention: Laurie Cullerot


Telephone: (603) 271-2954


E-mail: lcullerot@des.state.nh.us


December 2004 • Page B–38 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of New Jersey 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 62 46* 10,021 485* 

Total Coliform Rule 189 139 645 464 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 8 4 

Consumer Confidence Report 4 4 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4,138 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 10,930 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

New Jersey’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site.


Web Site: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/violations2002.pdf


New Jersey’s State Report is also available at libraries and county and local health offices.


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–39 • December 2004 
State of New Mexico 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 43 25* 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 150 101* 221 170 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 25 8 11 5 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,317 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 450 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

New Mexico’s State Report is available by contacting:


Drinking Water Bureau


New Mexico Environment Department


525 Camino de los Marquez


Santa Fe, NM 87505


December 2004 • Page B–40 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of New York 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 14† 13† 1,629† 281† 

Total Coliform Rule 248† 228† 1,668† 1,237† 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 141† 96† 5† 4† 

Lead and Copper Rule 17† 14† 155† 130† 

Consumer Confidence Report 97† 91† 

† State submitted the information without a breakdown by rule, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 10,207 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 3,500 

Total Number of 

Violations 6,514* 

* The total number of violations in the report (6,514) differs from the total calculated from SDWIS/FED (3,974). 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

New York’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site.


Web Site: http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/water/2002_compliance_report.html


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–41 • December 2004 
State of North Carolina 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 126 74* 17,661 12,486* 

Total Coliform Rule 489 407* 5,309 2,611 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 6 3 6 3 

Lead and Copper Rule 22 22 162 134* 

Consumer Confidence Report 4,302 3,044* 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 8,006 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 4,791** 

Total Number of 

Violations 13,279*** 

** Total number of systems in violation is based on the reported total violations of 13,279. 

*** Total violations in the report (13,279) differs from the calculated total (28,083). 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

North Carolina’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline 

Telephone: (800) 426-4791 

North Carolina Public Water Supply Section 

Telephone: (919) 715-3243 

Web Site: www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws 

E-mail: Martha.Fillinger@ncmail.net 

December 2004 • Page B–42 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of North Dakota 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 3 3* 

Total Coliform Rule 31 22 72 55 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 4 3 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 534 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 83 

Total Number of 

Violations 111** 

** Total violations in the report (166) differs from the calculated total (111). This may be because the State report includes several “minor” 

violations which the EPA does not require states to include in the ACR. 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

North Dakota’s State Report is available by contacting:


North Dakota Department of Health


Division of Municipal Facilities


P.O. Box 5520


1200 Missouri Avenue


Bismarck, ND 58506-5520


Attention: LeeAnn Tillotson


Telephone: (701) 328-5293


Fax: (701) 328-5200


E-mail: ltillots@state.nd.us


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–43 • December 2004 
Northern Mariana Islands 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 129 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 0 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Northern Mariana Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

December 2004 • Page B–44 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Ohio 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 40 22 5,500 991* 

Total Coliform Rule 816 568** 2,088 1,309 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 346 53 8 4 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 92 92* 

Consumer Confidence Report 200 200 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 5,621 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 3,357 

Total Number of 

Violations 9,090 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Ohio’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


PWS Annual Compliance Report


Ohio EPA — DDAGW


P.O. Box 1049


Columbus, OH 43216-1049


Web Site: http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/annualreports.html


Telephone: (614) 644-2752


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–45 • December 2004 
State of Oklahoma 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 35 20* 148 94* 

Total Coliform Rule 38 31* 36 23* 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 60 25 46 26 

Lead and Copper Rule 3 3 NR NR 

Consumer Confidence Report 143 143 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,655 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 229** 

Total Number of 

Violations 509 

** Systems violating only the Consumer Confidence Report Rule are not included. 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Oklahoma’s State report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Department of Environmental Quality


Water Quality Division, 8th Floor


707 N. Robinson


Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677


Department of Environmental Quality


Water Quality Division


P.O. Box 1677


Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677


Web Site: http://www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/pws/index.html


December 2004 • Page B–46 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Oregon 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 2 2 948 810 

Total Coliform Rule 225 156 1,703 984 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 69 42 192 82 

Lead and Copper Rule 61 60 92 84 

Consumer Confidence Report 195 195 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,740 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,548 

Total Number of 

Violations 3,487 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Oregon’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site:


Web Site: http://www.ohd.hr.state.or.us/dwp/


Oregon’s State report will also be published in the newsletter “The Pipeline.”


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–47 • December 2004 
State of Pennsylvania 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 155 99 4,357 490 

Total Coliform Rule 492 350 1,489 1,083 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 70 4 113 41 

Lead and Copper Rule 9 9 22 22 

Consumer Confidence Report 719* 633* 

* The state report indicates that data was obtained from SDWIS. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 10,064 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,773 

Total Number of 

Violations 7,426** 

** Total violations in the report (6,707) differs from the calculated total (7,426) because violations of the Consumer Confidence Report Rule 

were not included. 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Pennsylvania’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Department of Environmental Protection


Bureau of Water Supply and Wastewater Management


P.O. Box 8467, 11th Floor RCSOB


Harrisburg, PA 17105-8467


Web Site: http://www.dep.state.pa.us


Telephone: (717) 787-5017


December 2004 • Page B–48 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Puerto Rico 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 18 16* 1,104 49* 

Total Coliform Rule 560 219 1,970 243 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 20 13 270 57 

Lead and Copper Rule 14 14 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 497 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 3,956 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Puerto Rico’s Report is available by contacting:


Department of Health


Public Water Supply Supervision Program


Ponce de León Avenue, #431 Nacional Plaza


9th Floor, Suite 903


Hato Rey, PR 00917


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–49 • December 2004 
State of Rhode Island 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 7 7 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 38 30 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 485 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 45 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Rhode Island did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

December 2004 • Page B–50 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of South Carolina 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 49 19 39 36 

Total Coliform Rule 122 95 149 67 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 3 3 10 4 

Lead and Copper Rule 10 10 38 38 

Consumer Confidence Report 8 8 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,520 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 240 

Total Number of 

Violations 428 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

South Carolina’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

SCDHEC’s Bureau of Water 

2600 Bull Street 

Columbia, SC 29201 

Web Site: http://www.scdhec.net/water 

Attention: Bruce Bleau 

Telephone: (803) 898-4154 

Fax: (803) 898-3795 

E-mail: bleaubp@dhec.sc.gov 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–51 • December 2004 
State of South Dakota 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 13 9* 554 30* 

Total Coliform Rule 51 41 90 61 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 14 3 7 2 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 19 14 

Consumer Confidence Report 54 43 

* Possibly overcounts violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 697 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 803 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

South Dakota’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site. 

Web Site: http://www.state.sd.us/denr/DES/Drinking/annual02.pdf 

December 2004 • Page B–52 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Tennessee 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 7 5* 38 19* 

Total Coliform Rule 50 46** 133 107 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 20 10 13 8 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 1 1 

Consumer Confidence Report 32 32 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** The state report gives two different counts in the report. The greater number is listed here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,165 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 356*** 

Total Number of 

Violations 310 

*** Includes violations of Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and By-Product Precursors. 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Tennessee’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Division of Water Supply — Central Office


401 Church Street


6th Floor, L&C Tower


Nashville, TN 37243-1549


Web Site: http://www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/DWprogram.php#reports


Telephone: (615) 532-0191


Regional Environmental Assistance Centers (EACs)—Division of Water Supply, 1-888-891-8332


Chattanooga EAC


Division of Water Supply


Suite 550 — State Office Building


540 McCallie Avenue


Chattanooga, TN 37402-2013


1-888-891-8332


Columbia EAC


Division of Water Supply


2484 Park Plus Drive


Columbia, TN 38401


1-888-891-8332


Cookeville EAC


Division of Water Supply


121 South Willow


Cookeville, TN 38502


1-888-891-8332


Johnson City EAC


Division of Water Supply


2305 Silverdale Road


Johnson City, TN 37601-2162


1-888-891-8332


Knoxville EAC


Division of Water Supply


Suite 220 — State Plaza


2700 Middlebrook Pike


Knoxville, TN 37219


1-888-891-8332


Nashville EAC


Division of Water Supply


711 R. S. Gass Boulevard


Nashville, TN 37216


1-888-891-8332


Jackson EAC


Division of Water Supply


362 Carriage House Drive


Jackson, TN 38305-2222


1-888-891-8332


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–53 • December 2004 
State of Texas 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 275 158 N/A* N/A* 

Total Coliform Rule 158 137 330 243 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 43 37 81 35 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 24 23 

Consumer Confidence Report 261 261 

* The Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission conducts Chemical Contaminant Group monitoring for all systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6,653 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 896 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,174 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Texas’ State Report is available by contacting:


Buck Henderson


Public Drinking Water Section (MC155)


Water Supply Division


Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission


Telephone: (512) 239-0990


December 2004 • Page B–54 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Utah 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 245 141* 

Total Coliform Rule 103 83* 270 160 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 23 6 8 5 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 42 42 

Consumer Confidence Report 18 18 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 960† 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 583 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

The state report did not provide information regarding public availability. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–55 • December 2004 
State of Vermont 2002 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2002


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 5 5* 269 228* 

Total Coliform Rule 81 65 233 200 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 25 22 

Consumer Confidence Report 21 21 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,372 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 635 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Vermont’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation


Vermont Water Supply Division


103 South Main Street


Waterbury, VT 05671-0403


Web Site: http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/watersup/wquality.htm


Telephone: (in state) (800) 823-6500


Telephone: (out of state) (802) 241-3400


December 2004 • Page B–56 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Virgin Islands 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 34 34 

Total Coliform Rule 64 51 57 36 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 350 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 96 

Total Number of 

Violations 155 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

The Virgin Islands’ Report is available by contacting: 

Department of Planning and Natural Resources 

Division of Environmental Protection 

Virgin Islands’ Report is also available at all public libraries, the University of the Virgin Islands’ (UVI) library, UVI’s 

Water Resource Research Institute, and at local laboratories. 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–57 • December 2004 
State of Virginia 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 180 66 111 12 

Total Coliform Rule 236 184 501 336 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 33 10 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 66 63 162 140 

Consumer Confidence Report 83 64 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 3,575 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 719 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,372 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Virginia’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Virginia’s Department of Health field offices or central office. 

Central Office 

109 Governor Street 

Richmond, VA 23219 

Web Site: http:\\www.vdh.state.va.us 

December 2004 • Page B–58 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Washington 2002 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2002


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 425 326 1,093 733 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 70 25 54 17 

Lead and Copper Rule 11 11 479 478 

Consumer Confidence Report 302 184 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4,162 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,457 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,434 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Washington’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Department of Health


Division of Drinking Water


P.O. Box 47822


Olympia, WA 98504-7822


Web Site: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/enforcement/enflink2.htm


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–59 • December 2004 
State of West Virginia 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 4 2 511 13 

Total Coliform Rule 26 26 741 338 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 86 36 104 37 

Lead and Copper Rule 16 14 130 68 

Consumer Confidence Report 285 201 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,373 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 569 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,188* 

* Calculated total (2,188) differs from reported total (1,903) by 285, which is the number of Consumer Confidence Report violations. 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

West Virginia’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Web Site: http://www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/rd&c/reports.asp 

Environmental Engineering Division


Office of Environmental Health Services


Bureau for Public Health


Department of Health and Human Resources


815 Quarrier Street


Charleston, WV 25301


(304) 558-6714


Wheeling District Office


Methodist Building, Suite 117


12th & Chapline Streets


Wheeling, WV 26003


(304) 238-1145


Philippi District Office


209 South Main Street


Philippi, WV 26416


(304) 457-2296


Kearneysville District Office


44 Wiltshire Road


Kearneysville, WV 25430


(304) 725-9453


Beckley District Office


Bair Building, Suite 200


103 North Kanawha Street


Beckley, WV 25801


(304) 256-6666


St. Albans District Office


808 B Street, Suite G


St. Albans, WV 25177


(304) 722-0611


December 2004 • Page B–60 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Wisconsin 2002 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2002


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 32 25 4,925 1,150 

Total Coliform Rule 485 422 1,496 1,323 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 11 11 141 117 

Consumer Confidence Report 195 187 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 11,472 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2,154 

Total Number of 

Violations 7,285 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Wisconsin’s State Report is available by contacting:


Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater


State of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources


P.O. Box 7921


Madison, WI 53707


Telephone: (608) 266-6669


2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–61 • December 2004 
State of Wyoming 2002 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2002 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 79 65 

Total Coliform Rule 58 43* 178 130 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 2 2 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 51 51 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 736 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 369 

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Wyoming’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


EPA’s Region 8 Environmental Information Services Center


Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/region08/water/dwhome/wycon/wycon.html


Telephone: (303) 312-6312 or (800) 227-8917


E-mail: r8eisc@epa.gov


December 2004 • Page B–62 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Appendix C


Map of Indian Lands


Indian Lands 

2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix C Page C–1 • December 2004