United States Office of Solid Waste EPA530-B-95-011

Environmental Protection (5306W) December 1995

Agency

1EPA Source Reduction

Bibliography
Prevent Waste — Share This Document!
EPA530-B-95-011

December 1995

Source Reduction Bibliography

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Solid Waste

Washington, DC 20460
Contents

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Business and Institutional Program Development/Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Case Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Community Source Reduction Program Development/Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Materials Exchanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Policy/Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Public Outreach/Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Toxic Materials in the Waste Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Variable Rates/Unit Pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Indices

Title Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

Periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

ii
Introduction

Over the last decade, a wide range of literature

has been published on waste reduction, covering

the specific topics of source reduction, recycling,

composting, and buying recycled products. A cursory review of these materials, however, reveals

that relatively few documents focus solely on

source reduction, while other documents might

only contain a chapter or a section devoted to

source reduction. Consequently, finding relevant

information on source reduction often can be difficult and time-intensive.

The objective in compiling this bibliography is

to make information on source reduction more

accessible to solid waste managers. This bibliography compiles information sources on source reduction published since 1989. Significant effort

was made to ensure that the information here is

up-to-date, commonly available, and is either totally or substantially dedicated to source reduction.

Source reduction (or waste prevention)

is the design, manufacture, purchase,

use or reuse of materials or products

(including packages) to reduce their

amount or toxicity before they enter the

solid waste stream.

Audience and Scope

This bibliography is designed for municipal solid

waste planners, policy makers, and others involved

in managing or implementing programs on

waste prevention.

The references are organized into 10 source

reduction topics:

• Business and Industrial Program

Development/Guidance

• Case Studies

• Community Source Reduction Program

Development/Guidance

• Materials Exchanges

• Packaging

• Policy/Legislation

• Public Outreach/Education

• Toxic Materials in the Solid Waste

Stream

• Variable Rates/Unit Pricing

Each citation includes the title, author, date of

publication, and a brief abstract describing the

nature and content of the reference. The bibliography also includes information on how each

item can be obtained and its cost.

Publications are arranged alphabetically within

each topic category by title.The appendix includes alphabetical indices by title and author or

publisher (see pages A-1 and B-1).

Periodicals and Other Unclassified

Reference Materials

A substantial number of journal articles on

source reduction have been published. Periodicals,

however, are not included in this bibliography.

Appendix C-1 contains a list of selected periodicals that cover source reduction topics. Most

journals publish an annual index of articles by

subject.

Locating and Obtaining New Sources

This guide will be updated periodically to reflect

changes in the listed resources and to add information as it becomes available. EPA invites

readers to identify new sources of information

and studies for inclusion in the next edition of

this source reduction bibliography by filling out

and mailing the enclosed reply card.

iii
Acknowledgments

The assistance provided by the following individuals toward the development

of this bibliography is greatly appreciated:

Kenneth Brown, Minnesota Office of Waste Management

Andy Duncan, University of Michigan

Kathy Frevert, California Integrated Waste Management Board

Ellen Z. Harrison, Cornell Waste Management Board

Reid Lifset, Yale University

Paul Ligon, Tellus Institute

iv Introduction
Business and Institutional Program

Development/Guidance

Berkshire Recycles: A Handbook for

Berkshire County Businesses on

Commercial Recycling and Waste

Reduction

June 1990, 29 pp, $5

Center for Ecological Technology

112 Elm Street 

Pittsfield, Massachusetts 01201

413 445-4556

The purpose of this handbook is to show businesses how

to simplify the process of setting up waste reduction and

recycling programs. Sections 1 through 3 help readers

evaluate options and provide step-by-step guidelines for

designing tailored programs. Sections 4 through 7 include

directories of markets, haulers, and sources of recycling

containers and recycled products. The source reduction

section discusses options for four different types of businesses: offices, restaurants, retail outlets, and industry. 

The Bottom Line . . . A Guide to Waste

Reduction for New York State Businesses

1992, 24 pp, $2

New York State Department of Economic

Development

Office of Recycling Market Development

1 Commerce Plaza, Room 950

Albany, New York 12245

518 486-6291

This publication was written to help businesses in New

York state develop effective waste management programs

that emphasize waste reduction, the components of

which include source reduction, reuse, and recycling.

The document discusses strategies to avoid waste disposal

costs.

Business Guide for Reducing Solid Waste

EPA Document No. 530-K-92-004

November 1993, 41 pp, no charge

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305 W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

This is a how-to guide, complete with waste assessment

worksheets, for figuring out the most economical and

sensible way to reduce solid waste in business. It walks

readers through the process of setting up a source reduction program.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction &

Recycling

1992, 110 pp, $25

Xerox Document and Software Service

Xerox Corporation

701 South Aviation Boulevard

El Segundo, California 90245-9935

800 445-5554

This book contains guidelines for companies seeking to

control the amount of waste they generate. The guidelines present a wide variety of options for office product

reuse and recycling. The book presents an analysis of the

waste commonly generated by offices, followed by a brief

evaluation of the waste disposal problem. The authors

propose strategies for increasing management participation and for promoting employee enthusiasm for source

reduction and recycling. Employee training programs are

described, including the establishment of a team structure.

1
Business Waste Reduction and Recycling

Handbook

January 1991, 42 pp, no charge

King County Solid Waste Division 

Department of Public Works

Business Recycling Program

400 Yesler Way, Room 600

Seattle, Washington 98104

206 296-4466

This handbook includes a series of worksheets that can

be used to quantify current disposal techniques (direct

service and self-haul), quantify recyclable materials, and

estimate savings from reduced disposal needs.

Convenience Store Guide to Solid Waste

Management

1993, 56 pp, $30

National Association of Convenience

Stores

1605 King Street

Alexandria, Virginia 22314-2792

703 684-3600

This guide was written for convenience store managers.

It includes an inventory of store-level waste reduction,

reuse, and recycling practices specific to the convenience

store industry. It also recommends ways in which to

inform consumers of a store’s waste reduction program

and provides a listing of recycling facilities and resource

groups in each of the 50 states.

Environmental Fact Sheets — Plastics:

The Facts on Source Reduction

EPA Document Number 530-SW-90-017c

1990, 3 pp, no charge

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

This fact sheet discusses methods that businesses can

implement to reduce plastics use, and reasons that they

should do so. By reducing the use of plastics, companies

can reduce the volume of their plastic wastes. The main

focus of the fact sheet is in solid waste reduction for

industries, and it mentions toxicity reduction briefly.

Food For The Earth

Food for the Earth, The Composting

Council, National Audubon Society

1994, 4 pp, no charge

Food For The Earth

114 South Pitt Street

Alexandria, Virginia 22314

703 739-2407

This four-page brochure describes the Food For The

Earth program, an industrial composting program offering information, guidelines, and advice to retail foodservice (restaurants and grocery stores) and industrial

foodservice (large-scale production) companies. Such

companies can reduce their waste generation significantly

by composting their organic waste.

Food For Thought: San Francisco

Restaurants’ Guide to Waste Reduction

and Recycling

Terry Engle

1992, 12 pp, $5

San Francisco Recycling Program

1145 Market Street, Room 401

San Francisco, California 94103

415 554-3400

This guide was developed for food service establishments

in the San Francisco area, and presents a variety of

suggestions that restaurants can use to reduce waste. The

guide is divided into two sections: tips and ideas on waste

reduction and recyclables, and lists of local resources

from which businesses can get more information, order

supplies, or obtain recycling services. Although the

second section is less applicable to businesses outside of

the San Francisco area, the tips and suggestions found in

the first section are useful on a nationwide basis.

2 Business and Institutional Program Development/Guidance
The G.O.L.D. Manual: Methods to

Assist State Agencies and Institutions in

the Development of Waste Reduction and

Recycling Plans

January 1991, 94 pp, $19.50

Washington State Department of Ecology

NTIS Document No. PB93-101400

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, Virginia 22161

800 553-6847

This manual contains an outline of plan components,

worksheets, and waste reduction and recycling information for various facility types. It includes information

about: facility evaluations, substitutes for waste-intensive

products, waste reduction techniques, purchasing practices, existing recycling programs, educational efforts, and

communication program evaluations.

The G.O.L.D. Plan: A Strategy For

Waste Reduction and Recycling at State

Government Facilities

January 1991, 62 pp, $19.50

Washington State Department of Ecology 

NTIS Document No. PB93-101418

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, Virginia 22161

800 553-6847

This publication defines a strategy for incorporating

waste reduction and recycling into the management and

operation of state government facilities. The plan

describes the types of waste generated at state facilities

and addresses issues like waste reduction, procurement,

recycling, education, and communication.

Mandatory Commercial Solid Waste

Recycling: Rhode Island Case Study

September 1992, 94 pp, cost of photocopy

Center for Environmental Studies

P.O. Box 1943

Brown University

Providence, Rhode Island 02912

401 863-3449

This study analyzes the mandatory business recycling

system in Rhode Island. One chapter is devoted to source

reduction. The document gives waste stream characterization data, research description and methodology,

highlights of the survey (i.e. success stories, financial

impacts of recycling, program improvements), recommendations, and conclusions.

The Newark Guide to Source Reduction

and Buying Recycled in the Workplace

December 1992, 21 pp, no charge

Newark Office of Recycling

62 Frelinghuysen Avenue

Newark, New Jersey 07114

201 733-6683

This booklet contains practical information about initiating source reduction activities in the workplace. Included

are source reduction tips; checklists for offices, retail

stores, manufacturers, and food service establishments;

and examples of source reduction strategies at numerous

companies and institutions. The booklet also contains a

section about how and why to buy recycled products.

Office and Commercial Waste Reduction:

A How-To Guide for Illinois Businesses

and Organizations

1991, 56 pp, no charge

Clearinghouse

Illinois Department of Energy and

Natural Resources

325 West Adams Street, Room 300

Springfield, Illinois 62704-1892

217 785-0310

This manual focuses on waste reduction, which consists

of reducing the amount of solid waste entering the waste

stream, produced by commercial establishments, industries, and organizations. Waste reduction is achieved by

two principal methods: waste volume reduction at the

source and recycling. Practical suggestions are offered on

the application of these approaches to reduce the quantity and cost of waste requiring disposal.

Business and Institutional Program Development/Guidance 3
Office Guide to Recycling and Buying

Recycled Products

February 1994, 12 pp, no charge

Ohio Department of Natural Resources

Division of Litter Prevention and

Recycling

1889 Fountain Square Court, Building F-2

Columbus, Ohio 43224-1331

614 265-6333

This document gives several strategies for reducing the

waste that an office produces, including choosing products with minimal packaging and maximum durability.

Forms and worksheets to facilitate recordkeeping and

monitoring are also included.

An Ounce of Prevention: Waste Reduction

Strategies for Health Care Facilities

Connie Leach Bisson, Glenn McRae,

Hollie Gusky Shaner

Catalog Number 05007

1993, 214 pp, $60.95

American Society for Healthcare

Environmental Services

American Hospital Association

840 North Lake Shore Drive

Chicago, Illinois 60611

312 280-3365

This book illustrates a basic approach to implementing

waste reduction and recycling strategies in health care

facilities. The first chapter is devoted to source reduction, while the others discuss general public environmental education and communications, waste assessment,

recycling, and buying recycled products.

Recycling and Source Reduction for the

Lodging Industry

1993, 84 pp, $17 (member), $27

(non-member)

American Hotel & Motel Association

(AHMA)

P.O. Box 753

Waldorf, Maryland 20604

301 705-7455

While this document is primarily devoted to recycling in

the hotel industry, a small section discusses source reduction. It discusses the changes that hotels and motels can

make to reduce waste, like using durable soap dispensers

instead of disposable plastic bottles and reducing the

packaging on single-use items. Included is a discussion of

a survey conducted by the AHMA to determine the

percentage of hoteliers that had recycling or reduction

programs.

Reducing Office Paper Waste

Robert Graff and Bette Fishbein

1991, 25 pp, $18

INFORM, Inc.

381 Park Avenue South

New York, New York 10016-8806

212 361-2400

This report analyzes office paper waste and outlines possible solutions, using photocopying as the focus from

which other strategies can be extrapolated. It discusses

the source reduction and cost savings potential of both

two-sided photocopying and of reducing the number of

photocopies made. The report creates a framework for

evaluating costs and benefits by assessing the impact of a

variety of scenarios on the quantity of copy paper waste

generated.

4 Business and Institutional Program Development/Guidance
Resourceful Waste Management: A Guide

for Minnesota/Metropolitan Area

Businesses and Industries

Fall 1994/1995, 80 pp, no charge

Waste Education Clearinghouse

Office of Environmental Assistance

520 Lafayette Road North, 2nd Floor

St. Paul, Minnesota 55155

612 215-0232

This document is an updated version of a November

1993 publication by the same title. The first half of the

guide provides information on how to make businesses

“green,” with suggestions like maintaining environmentally sound lunchrooms, offices, and production spaces.

The second half applies mainly to Minnesota businesses,

and includes lists of information resources for recycling

and source reduction.

Solid Progress

1993, 13 pp, no charge

Grocery Manufacturers of America

1010 Wisconsin Avenue, NW., Suite 900

Washington, DC 20007

202 337-9400

This document discusses the grocery industry’s progress

in waste reduction and recycling. The brochure gives

examples and success stories for companies that have

changed their packaging and purchasing habits to create

less waste, and recycled that which they do create.

Source Reduction and Recycling:

Environmental Stewardship for the 1990s

1990, 6 pp, no charge

Eastman Kodak Company

Literature and Marketing Support - 412L

Rochester, New York 14650-0608

800 242-2424

Kodak supports improvements in environmental quality

by directing business units to demonstrate environmental

sensitivity in each element of the product life cycle.

Source reduction, through process improvements and the

use of fewer, different, or recycled materials, is a primary

goal. Kodak is developing new products, technologies,

and programs that minimize waste and support recycling.

Source Reduction Now: How to

Implement a Source Reduction Program

Kenneth Brown

February 1993, 130 pp, no charge

Waste Education Clearinghouse

Office of Environmental Assistance

520 Lafayette Road North, 2nd Floor

St. Paul, Minnesota 55155

612 215-0232

This manual summarizes almost three years of field

research conducted by the Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance. It provides information on how to

measure product and behavior changes that prevent waste

creation, gives guidelines on how to implement a successful source reduction program in an organization, and

describes problems and suggests well-tested methods to

solve those problems. The manual includes charts for

calculating savings, case studies, fact sheets, and checklists.

The Supermarket Diet: Watching Our

Waste

Jackie Prince

December 1990, 43 pp, $5

Publications

Environmental Defense Fund (EDF)

257 Park Avenue South

New York, New York 10010

212 505-2100

This report focuses on source reduction and recycling in

the food service industries. Shopping bags, in-store solid

waste management, consumer awareness and education,

and labeling programs are the main areas of discussion.

EDF offers specific recommendations on each of these

areas and examples of stores that have already implemented

reduction programs. The appendices contain a list of definitions and the Food Marketing Institute’s solid waste

policy statement.

Business and Institutional Program Development/Guidance 5
Waste in the Workplace

1991, 28 pp, $6.50

Keep America Beautiful, Inc.

Order Department

Mill River Plaza

9 West Broad Street

Stamford, Connecticut 06902

203 323-8987

This book discusses how small businesses can reduce the

amount of municipal solid waste they add to the waste

stream. The appendices list resources, equipment, and

steps in development of the program. Worksheets are

provided as well.

The Waste Not Book

1993, 70 pp, $35

Minnesota Hospital Association

Public Affairs Division

2221 University Avenue, SE., Suite 425

Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414

612 331-5571

This book is a practical guide for hospitals. It offers innovative ideas for reducing the amount of material that

becomes waste. The book contains success stories from

Minnesota hospitals, presented by type of material. It

also includes information on buying products and materials that encourage source reduction, properly disposing

of infectious waste, and conducting waste audits.

Waste Prevention: It Makes Good

Business Sense

EPA Document No. 530-F-93-008

September 1993, 2 pp, no charge

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

This pamphlet discusses the principles, benefits, and

approaches to waste reduction in a business environment.

It provides information on using or manufacturing minimal or reusable packaging, using and maintaining durable

equipment and supplies, reusing products and supplies,

and reducing the use of hazardous constituents.

Waste Not, Want Not!

1991, 20 pp, no charge

Scott Paper Company

Environmental Division

Scott Plaza 1

Philadelphia, PA 19113

610 522-5000

This booklet addresses source reduction and recycling in

various businesses. Aspects of source reduction are

discussed, such as identifying the high waste generation

rates, choosing high performance products, controlling

materials use, reducing packaging waste, and improving

office efficiency. Other parts of the booklet give tips on

starting an effective recycling program, conducting a trash

audit, finding buyers or brokers for trash, instituting source

reduction practices, promoting a program within a

company, and setting realistic goals for waste reduction.

Wisconsin’s Business Waste Reduction &

Recycling Portfolio: Protect the

Environment and Your Bottom Line

Wisconsin Department of Natural

Resources

1995, 8 pp, $10 (out-of-state), no charge

(in-state)

Wisconsin Department of Administration

Document Sales Unit

P.O. Box 7840

202 South Thornton Avenue

Madison, Wisconsin 53707-7840

608 266-3358

This brochure contains information on waste reduction

and recycling in Wisconsin. It includes a fact sheet on

the statutory requirements of the Waste Reduction and

Recycling Law for Wisconsin businesses; information on

the economic and environmental advantages of waste

reduction and recycling; a list of available resources;

source reduction trends among Wisconsin businesses; and

telephone numbers for in-state resources.

6 Business and Institutional Program Development/Guidance
Case Studies

53 Simple Things Universities and

Colleges Can Do to Reduce Waste: Case

Studies of University Source Reduction,

Recycling, and Composting

May 1991, 45 pp, $10

Integrated Solid Waste Management

Office

Board of Public Works

200 North Main Street, Room 580

City Hall East

Los Angeles, California 90012

213 237-1444

This guidebook (developed to help the City of Los

Angeles comply with California’s recycling law) is

intended to help colleges and universities improve waste

reduction and recycling activities on campus. Strong

administrative leadership and the cooperation of university staff, students, and faculty are necessary to develop

waste reduction and recycling programs. The first

chapter emphasizes the importance of reducing and

reusing, and describes 16 ways to reduce or reuse waste

generated on campuses. A directory in the back of the

guidebook provides information about specific programs

in California.

Description of a Successful College

Recycling Program: A Look at Reed

Recycling: Reed College (Portland,

Oregon)

May 1993, 23 pp, cost of photocopy

Reed College Recycling

P.O. Box 118

Reed College

Portland, Oregon 97202

503 235-3451

This report was written by those who instituted a reduction and recycling program at this small college. They

describe the different aspects of the program, including

paper reuse and recycling, reusable mug promotion and

sales, and education. Although the information is very

specific to Reed College, it does give some insight into

the challenges of university reduction and recycling.

Illinois Success Stories in Waste Reduction

1992, 30 pp, no charge

Clearinghouse

Illinois Department of Energy and

Natural Resources 

325 West Adams Street, Room 300

Springfield, Illinois 62704

217 785-0310

This booklet presents success stories about Illinois companies and organizations that have taken action to use

resources wisely and reduce solid waste. The case studies

reflect many business areas, including communications

and publishing, distribution, health care, retail, utilities,

and manufacturing.

Precycle: Final Report

1990, 30 pp, no charge

Boulder Energy Conservation Center

P.O. Box 791

Boulder, Colorado 80306

303 441-3278

This report documents Boulder’s experience, from initial

design to program evaluation, in developing a broadbased, highly visible source reduction campaign. In

September 1990, the City of Boulder launched a pilot

project on precycling in grocery stores. “Precycling”

means practicing resource conservation by using only

what is really needed. Boulder’s precycling project was

sponsored by EPA and was designed not only to initiate

precycling in Boulder, but also to serve as a model program for the Rocky Mountain Region.

7
Source Reduction Case Studies and Fact

Sheets

1990 to present, 4 pp each, no charge

Environmental Services Division

Departments of Commerce and Natural

Resources

P.O. Box 30004

Lansing, Michigan 48909

517 335-1178

This series of case studies and fact sheets covers source

reduction and other related topics. The Michigan Environmental Services Division has published them over the

last several years. The exact titles for the case studies and

fact sheets concerning conservation tips for businesses,

waste reduction terms, employee involvement in waste

reduction, and other subjects can be obtained by contacting the Michigan Environmental Services Division.

Spotlight on Waste Prevention: EPA’s

Program To Reduce Solid Waste at the

Source

EPA Document No. 530-K-95-002

August 1995, 16 pp, no charge

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

This booklet discusses the reasons to prevent waste; the

benefits businesses, governments, and consumers can

achieve through waste prevention; and what EPA is

doing to encourage the proliferation of waste prevention

as a business ethic.

Waste Prevention Pays Off: Companies

Cut Waste In the Workplace

EPA Document No. 530-K-92-005

September 1993, 24 pp, no charge

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

This booklet provides information on reducing waste in

the office environment. It presents brief overviews of

waste prevention efforts that work for different types of

businesses. The handbook includes strategies for using or

manufacturing minimal or reusable packaging; using and

maintaining durable equipment and supplies; reusing

products and supplies; using supplies and materials more

efficiently; composting yard trimmings; exchanging, selling, or giving away unneeded goods or materials; and

eliminating unnecessary items.

8 Case Studies
Community Source Reduction Program

Development/Guidance

Decision-Makers’ Guide to Solid Waste

Management, Volume II

August 1995, 355 pp, no charge

EPA Document No. 530-R-95-023 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305 W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

This guide is designed to help local government policymakers and other solid waste management practitioners

understand solid waste management issues. It offers various approaches and discusses how these options affect

each other. The guide includes information about source

reduction, municipal solid waste collection and transfer

systems, recycling, composting, combustion, land disposal, special wastes, public education and involvement,

and financing and revenues.

Forty Ways to Make Government

Purchasing Green

Eleanor J. Lewis and Eric Weltman

1992, 102 pp, $6

Government Purchasing Project

P.O. Box 19367

Washington, DC 20036

202 387-8030

This document lists purchasing activities that federal

agencies can implement to help the environmental products market and decrease the amount of solid waste

generated. The book discusses basic purchasing principles

and includes case studies and resources that might be

helpful to purchasers seeking environmentally preferable

products. Checks should be made payable to “CRSL.”

Making Less Garbage: A Planning Guide

for Communities

Bette K. Fishbein and Caroline Gelb

1992, 192 pp, $30

INFORM, Inc.

381 Park Avenue South

New York, New York 10016-8806

212 361-2400

This report is divided into three parts. Part I, The Essentials of Source Reduction Planning, discusses solid waste

issues in the United States and the benefits of source

reduction. It describes how communities can establish

source reduction policies, goals, and measurement

systems; and outlines the administrative structure and

budget requirements for an effective source reduction

program. Part II, Source Reduction Initiatives, describes

dozens of specific activities that are being implemented

around the country to reduce the amount and/or toxicity

of solid waste. These activities include government, institutional, and business programs; education; economic

incentives and disincentives; regulatory measures; and

programs aimed specifically at reducing toxics. Part III, a

Source Reduction Planning Checklist, presents an outline of

the essential components of effective source reduction

programs and a list of specific strategies that can be

selected in accordance with local needs.

9
Pollution Prevention Resource Guide

1993, 80 pp, no charge

Alaska Department of Environmental

Conservation

Pollution Prevention Office (incorporated

into Office of Compliance Assistance,

1995)

555 Cordova Street

Anchorage, Alaska 99501

907 269-7500

This document discusses the reasons and methods for

instituting pollution prevention and source reduction programs in local communities. The document contains lists

of resources that include governmental organizations, citizens’ groups, related businesses, and publications. Much

of the information is Alaska-specific, but it offers insight

into what might be available in other regions.

Waste Prevention Tool Kit for Local

Governments

Ellen Z. Harrison and Richard J. Angell

December 1992, 172 pp, $14.95

Cornell University Resource Center

7 Business and Technology Park

Ithaca, New York 14850

607 255-2080

This document can be used to implement local waste

prevention programs. Several chapters include cameraready flyers and fact sheets that can be reproduced by

local governments. Some of the topics covered include

unit pricing, yard waste bans, procurement policies, and

consumer education.

Waste Reduction and the Model

Community

Myra Gordon

October 1989, 55 pp, $25

Central States Education Center

809 South Fifth Street

Champaign, Illinois 61820

217 344-2371 

This document discusses solid waste reduction methods

for creating a “model” community. The document provides information about how to implement a waste reduction program, presents a case study of the ChampaignUrbana program, and contains outreach materials from a

model supermarket. The guide also provides a waste

reduction checklist, worksheets, sample letters, press

releases, and resource lists.

Waste Reduction Programs for

Commercial/Industrial Solid Waste: A

Guide for Local Governments

March 1994, 134 pp, no charge

North Carolina Office of Waste Reduction

Department of Environment, Health, and

Natural Resources

3825 Barrett Drive, Suite 300

Raleigh, North Carolina 27609

919 541-4100

800 763-0136

This manual helps community recycling coordinators

establish or expand waste reduction programs for commercial and industrial solid waste. It provides information

to help local governments work with offices, retailers/

wholesalers, hotels, service industries, universities/

colleges, printers and publishers, textile mills, hospitals,

restaurants, public/private schools, property owners, and

manufacturing industries.

10 Community Source Reduction Program Development/Guidance
Materials Exchanges

By-Product and Waste Search Service

1995, 2 pp, no charge

Iowa Waste Reduction Center

By-Product and Waste Search Service

University of Northern Iowa

Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614-0185

800 422-3109

This flyer is a promotional pamphlet for the By-Products

& Waste Search Service, a free and confidential program

that promotes the reuse of Iowa industry by-products and

wastes. The service helps companies analyze their waste

streams, facilitates materials exchanges, and locates secondary materials for companies to use in their own operations.

California Waste Exchange: Directory of

Industrial Recyclers

1994, 42 pp, no charge

California Environmental Protection Agency

Department of Toxic Substances Control

Hazardous Waste Management

P.O. Box 806

Sacramento, California 95812-0806

916 324-1802

This directory is designed to promote the use, reuse,

and exchange of industrial wastes. As raw material costs

escalate, waste and materials exchanges become more

attractive and necessary. The document lists California

recyclers by address, phone, contact person, and the

materials they deal with.

How To Recycle or Reuse Almost Anything

New York City Department of

Sanitation/Recycling Program

June 1991, 18 pp, no charge for New York

City residents

Recycling Program

Bowling Green Station

New York, New York 10274-0156

212 219-8090

This guide is designed to help businesses recycle or reuse

much of their waste stream. It contains listings of materials and firms in the New York City area that will take

materials for recycling or reuse. It also lists buy-back and

drop-off centers, and contains suggestions for reusing

many of the materials listed.

Review of Industrial Waste Exchanges

EPA Document No. 530-K-94-003

September 1994, 61 pp, no charge

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

This report reviews the current activities and status of

North American waste exchanges, including marketing

systems for waste and surplus from the federal government. It also provides recommendations for encouraging

greater levels of reuse and recycling through waste

exchanges.

Starting a Materials Donation Program:

A Step-By-Step Guide

May 1993, 56 pp, no charge

Materials for the Arts

New York City Departments of Cultural

Affairs and Sanitation

410 West 16th Street, 4th Floor

New York, New York 10011

212 255-5924

This document discusses the reasons for and methods to

begin a materials exchange program that benefits local

arts organizations. Businesses of all kinds donate material

that they would otherwise throw away, and arts organizations pick out the things that they can use (i.e. scrap

textiles, machinery, paper). The booklet gives a step-bystep explanation of how to organize an exchange program.

11
Packaging 

Case Reopened: Reassessing Refillable

Bottles

David Saphire

1995, 366 pp, $25

INFORM, Inc.

381 Park Avenue South 

New York, New York 10016-8806 

212 361-2400

This book discusses the value of source reduction in general, explains the history of refillable bottles, provides

comparative cost and environmental data for refillable

versus single-use containers, discusses relevant marketing

and policy issues (e.g. mandatory deposit regulations),

and includes case histories.

Delivering the Goods: Benefits of

Reusable Shipping Containers

David Saphire

1995, 32 pp, $20

INFORM, Inc.

381 Park Avenue South 

New York, New York 10016-8806 

212 361-2400

This document focuses on the benefits of reusing packaging as a strategy for reducing solid waste at its source. It

provides comparative waste generation and cost data for

reusable plastic crates versus single-use corrugated shipping containers. It also discusses product performance

issues, design features, obstacles to container reuse, and

success stories.

Final Report of the Source Reduction

Task Force

September 1989, 21 pp, $20

Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Inc.

Policy Research Center

400 North Capitol Street, NW.

Washington, DC 20001

202 624-8450

This report presents several long-term actions to address

the issue of source reduction. It recommends the formation of the Northeast Source Reduction Council, which

would be made up of state officials, business and industry

representatives, and non-profit groups. The council’s

mandate is to encourage source reduction through modifications in product design and packaging of consumer

products, to serve as a forum for CONEG states to

recommend solid waste management policies, and to oversee a consumer education campaign on packaging source

reduction. 

Food Packaging, Food Protection, and the

Environment: A Workshop Report

October 1991, 27 pp, no charge for single

copies

Institute of Food Technologies

221 LaSalle Street, Suite 300

Chicago, Illinois 60601

312 782-8424

This report discusses the important role that packaging

plays in preserving food and ensuring that it is distributed safely from the processing plant to the consumer. It

addresses public concern about packaging disposal and

presents recommendations for uniform, national packaging standards and a coding system to identify recyclable

materials in packaging. The report also discusses an 11-

step plan for implementing national uniformity which

includes encouraging ongoing efforts to design and use

packages that minimize resource consumption, support

integrated solid waste management, and use life cycle

analysis in source reduction efforts.

12
IoPP Packaging Reduction, Reuse,

Recycling and Disposal Guidelines

1993, 10 pp, $5

Institute of Packaging Professionals

481 Carlisle Drive

Herndon, Virginia 22070

703 318-8970

These guidelines help packaging professionals examine

the environmental impacts of their structural design and

engineering decisions. Individual companies can tailor the

guidelines to suit their specific requirements.

An Ounce of Prevention: Strategies for

Cutting Packaging Waste

1994, 75 pp, $15

Californians Against Waste Foundation

926 J Street, Suite 606

Sacramento, California 95814

916 443-8317

This action guide for manufacturers promotes reducing

waste by reducing packaging. The guide focuses on material procurement, internal transport, and consumer/external packaging design. Source reduction checklists and

waste audit guidelines are included for companies to

apply the information directly to their own situations.

Packaging and the Environment:

Alternatives, Trends, and Solutions

Susan E.M. Selke

1990, 77 pp, $39

Technomic Publishing Company, Inc.

852 New Holland Avenue, Box 3535

Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604

717 291-5609

This book examines packaging’s influence on water and

air pollution, ozone depletion, and solid waste generation. It also discusses degradable packaging, legislative

approaches to reducing packaging in solid waste, and

environmental considerations in packaging design.

Preferred Packaging Manual

1991, 44 pp, $50

Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Inc. 

Policy Research Center

400 North Capitol Street, NW.

Washington, DC 20001

202 624-8450

This publication presents CONEG’s Preferred Packaging

Guidelines, which establish the following hierarchy of

alternatives for source reduction in packaging: eliminate,

minimize, refill/reuse, and recycle and buy recycled material. The manual also provides information on applying

the guidelines.

Taking the CONEG Challenge: First Year

Update - Voluntary Packaging Reductions

by Industry

November 1993, 40 pp, $30

Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Inc. 

Policy Research Center

400 North Capitol Street, NW.

Washington, DC 20001

202 624-8450

This report provides specific examples of voluntary

source reduction actions that companies have taken to

address the solid waste problem. Represented products

cover a wide range, including beverages, chemicals,

computers, paper products, electronics, food, auto parts,

plastics, pharmaceuticals, photographic equipment, soaps,

cosmetics, and tobacco. The report addresses package

elimination and minimization, reusable/refillable/returnable packaging, recyclable/recycled material, and heavy

metals in packaging.

Packaging 13
Policy/Legislation

Curbing Waste in a Throwaway World:

Report of the Task Force on Solid Waste

Management

1990, 68 pp, $25.00

National Governors’ Association

Publications

P.O. Box 421

Annapolis, Maryland 20701

301 498-3738

This report discusses the progress of the National Governors’ Association Task Force on Solid Waste Management. In this report, the Task Force states that a

combination of source reduction and recycling will be

required if individuals and businesses are to reach a 50

percent waste reduction goal by 2000. The recommendations put forth in this document include state strategies

to achieve goals and a mechanism for measuring progress.

Federal Disincentives: A Study of Federal

Tax Subsidies and Other Programs

Affecting Virgin Industries and Recycling

August 1994, 73 pp, no charge

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Attn: Michael Podolsky

Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation

Office of Policy Analysis

401 M Street, SW. (2125)

Washington, DC 20460

202 260-9099

This report focuses on the use of incentive policies to

stimulate both recycling and source reduction. It defines

and describes programs included under the heading of

incentives and a range of objectives that the incentives are

intended to achieve. The report also presents a sample of

existing incentive programs that are either proposed or

already in place in the United States. No attempt is

made in this report to catalog all of the incentive programs that are in place. Instead, it illustrates the range of

incentives that might be utilized to achieve source reduction and recycling goals.

Federal Options for Reducing Waste

Disposal

U.S. Congress

October 1991, 85 pp, no charge

CBO Publications

Room 413, Ford House Office Building

2nd & D Streets, SW.

Washington, DC 20515

202 226-2809

This report examines actions that the U.S. government

might take to address municipal solid waste issues. A

disposal tax and reuse subsidy, a virgin material tax, an

investment tax credit for recycling, and a recycling credit

system are discussed.

Germany, Garbage, and the Green Dot:

Challenging the Throwaway Society

Bette Fishbein

1994, 262 pp, $28

INFORM, Inc.

120 Walls Street

New York, New York 10005

212 361-2400

This book documents Germany’s Packaging Ordinance,

which makes industry responsible for packages to the end

of their lifecycle. It provides detailed analysis of the Duel

System set up by industry and discusses other applications of extended producer responsibility for products,

such as automobiles and electronic goods. This book

looks at the implications, for the U.S., of a policy that

provides incentives to reduce waste at the design stage

for packages and products.

14
Getting at the Source: Strategies for

Reducing Municipal Solid Waste

World Wildlife Fund and 

The Conservation Foundation

1992, 138 pp, $15 (paperback),

$25 (hardcover)

Island Press

P.O. Box 7

Covelo, California 95428

800 828-1302

This book explores the concept of source reduction, provides an evaluation framework for devising effective

source reduction strategies, and examines several strategies in detail, such as labeling programs for consumer

products. The authors place particular emphasis on the

product component of the waste stream and explore how

systematic changes in the design and use of products

would reduce waste. Household batteries are used in an

example of the application of the recommended framework.

Guidelines for the Collection of Recyclable

Materials and Reduction of Solid Waste

in the State System of Education

August 1989, 15 pp, no charge

Office Of Environmental Education

Florida Education Center

325 West Gaines Street

Room 224-C

Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0400

904 487-7900

This document discusses the basic reasons for implementing source reduction and recycling programs, including

economic, environmental, and legislative incentives. It

describes the elements that should be included in a source

reduction program and a recycling program. Suggestions

are included for pooling efforts with neighboring education facilities to find markets and share procurement

costs. 

Montgomery County Policy on Waste

Reduction

April 1993, 4 pp, no charge

Montgomery County Department of

Environmental Protection

Executive Office Building

101 Monroe Street, 6th Floor

Rockville, Maryland 20850

301 217-2803

This pamphlet, published by Montgomery County, Maryland, places source reduction at the top of its hierarchy

for solid waste management and states that all waste

reduction measures within the county’s power should be

implemented. The framework of the county-wide program

is composed of the following waste reduction goals:

achieve zero trash growth per person and per employee;

expand waste reduction information and programs; examine county government operations for waste reduction

opportunities; participate in and encourage regional waste

reduction efforts; and explore waste reduction incentives

and disincentives.

Overcoming Barriers to Large-Scale

Diversion of Municipal Solid Waste

Doug MacDonald and Paula Vopni

1993, 118 pp, $30

International Council for Local

Environmental Initiatives

World Secretariat

8th Floor, East Tower, City Hall

Toronto, Ontario M5H 2N2 Canada

416 392-1462

This report surveys the current barriers to large-scale

solid waste reduction and recycling programs in North

America and Europe. It offers an analysis of the problems with diversion efforts of the 1980s and 1990s,

including separation, collection, financing, and markets,

and provides case studies of particularly successful efforts

in diverting solid waste. An extensive bibliography is

included, as is a contact list for the best sources of information on related topics.

Policy/Legislation 15
Prosperity Without Pollution: The

Prevention Strategy for Industry and

Consumers

Joel S. Hirschhorn and Kirsten U.

Oldenburg

1991, 369 pp, $24.95

Van Nostrand - Reinhold

7625 Empire Drive

Florence, Kentucky 41042

800 842-3636

This book describes pollution prevention benefits and

strategies for hazardous and solid waste reduction. It

emphasizes individual responsibility in these efforts. The

solid waste reduction sections focus on changing consumer behavior and reducing packaging, junk mail, and

the toxicity of household products.

The Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda

for Action

EPA Document No. 530-SW-89-019

February 1989, 70 pp, no charge

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305 W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

This report presents EPA’s goals and recommendations

for state and local government, industry, and private

citizens, to address municipal solid waste management

issues. The report recommends integrating source reduction, recycling, combustion, and landfilling to custom

design a solid waste management program.

Source Reduction: A Working Definition

William E. Franklin and Warren A. Bird

December 1989, 26 pp, $1.50

Council on Packaging in the Environment

1255 23rd Street, NW., Suite 850

Washington, DC 20037

202 331-0099

This booklet is the result of a collaboration between

U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment; U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency; Coalition of Northeastern Governors; and the Environmental Action Foundation. The document discusses source reduction as a waste

management option, specific terms used to describe

source reduction goals, conditions to be included in the

definition of source reduction, and source reduction

measurement.

Source Reduction as an Option for

Municipal Waste Management

H.M. Freeman

NTIS Document No. PB90-113176

1989, 32 pp, $22

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, Virginia 22161

800 553-6847

This document is an overview of approaches to lowering

or eliminating the volume or toxicity of wastes in the

refuse stream. It examines four criteria: toxicity contributors, significant quantity contributors, items with short

useful life spans, and items that contribute significantly to

the waste stream.

Source Reduction Council of CONEG:

Progress Report

March 1990, 64 pp, $35

Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Inc.

Policy Research Center

400 North Capitol Street, NW.

Washington, DC 20001

202 624-8450

This progress report of the Source Reduction Council of

the Coalition of Northeastern Governors (CONEG)

details the activities of the Council from its inception in

September 1989 to March 1990. The report focuses on

model toxics legislation (prohibiting the use of heavy metals in packaging), preferred packaging guidelines (identification and quantification of types and amounts of

packaging), and an informational program (mailing lists,

issues statement, and a clearinghouse on source reduction

technologies).

16 Policy/Legislation
University and College Solid Waste

Reduction and Recycling

Bruce A. Hegberg, Gary R. Brenniman,

and William H. Hallenbeck

1992, 129 pp, no charge

Clearinghouse

Illinois Department of Energy and

Natural Resources

325 West Adams Street, Room 300

Springfield, Illinois 62704

217 785-0310

This report provides guidance for Illinois universities and

community colleges on how to develop effective waste

reduction plans that comply with Illinois’ “College Recycling Law.” Under this law, all Illinois public universities

and community colleges are required to develop a waste

reduction plan covering 10 years, followed by 5-year updates. All plans should be developed by January 1, 1995

and should achieve, by January 1, 2000, a 40 percent

reduction of the 1987 level of solid waste destined for

landfill disposal. 

Waste Prevention, Recycling, and

Composting Options: Lessons Learned

from 30 Communities

EPA Document No. 530-R-92-015

February 1994, 50 pp, no charge

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street (5305W)

Washington, DC 20640

800 424-9346

This report presents various strategies that can be used

by municipalities to reduce net waste generation. It provides a brief overview of variable refuse rates, and comments on the positive affects of variable rate pricing on

recycling participation and source reduction. The report

includes several case studies.

Waste Reduction: Policy and Practice

1990, 100 pp, $39.95

John Wiley & Sons

1 Wiley Drive

Summerset, New Jersey 08875

212 645-7880

This book is about policy and practice to reduce the

amount of toxicity of solid waste produced in the U.S. It

refers to “waste reduction” as the sum of source reduction and recycling. The book begins with a characterization of solid waste streams, emphasizing hazardous

waste and municipal solid waste. It also addresses the

reduction of industrial wastes and municipal solid waste.

Existing federal and state requirements for reducing

industrial wastes are addressed first, followed by a discussion of recent federal legislative initiatives in the area. A

similar review follows for municipal solid waste reduction

policy.

Worldwatch Institute Report: State of the

World 1991

1991, 17 pp, $11.95

Worldwatch Institute

1776 Massachusetts Avenue, NW.

Washington, DC 20036

202 452-1999

This book discusses various alternatives for managing

solid waste, among other things. A full chapter, “Reducing Waste, Saving Materials,” is devoted to source reduction. Ultimately, the goal is to reduce the amount of

material entering the manufacturing process. A framework of incentives must be devised to encourage

consumers to reduce waste. Programs that take a “cradleto-grave” approach will be more effective in promoting

waste reduction, reuse, and recycling than those that

award labels based on a single characteristic, such as if a

product is made from recycled materials.

Policy/Legislation 17
Public Outreach/Education

Buy Recycled Training Manual: A

Guidebook for Buying Recycled Products

October 1994, 123 pp, $15 (government

and non-profit), $20 (individual and

private)

Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal

Authority

25 South Charles Street, Suite 2105

Baltimore, Maryland 21202

410 333-2730

This is a Maryland-specific document that discusses buying recycled products. Maryland resources and companies

are cited, although the principles apply to a broader audience. Another version of the manual includes more general information (see below).

Buy Recycled Training Manual: A

Guidebook for Government Buyers and

Using Agencies

December 1993, 86 pp, $15 (government

and non-profit), $20 (individual and

private)

Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal

Authority

25 South Charles Street, Suite 2105

Baltimore, Maryland 21202

410 333-2730

This version of the above-referenced manual includes

information for a national audience. It discusses the principles behind the need to buy recycled goods, and the

strategies for doing so. It contains a large list of suppliers

of environmentally preferable products, reprints of EPA

Fact Sheets on the procurement guidelines, and includes

a brief discussion of waste reduction.

The Consumer’s Handbook for Reducing

Solid Waste

August 1992, 36 pp, no charge

EPA Document No. 530-K-92-003

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305 W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

This booklet describes many waste reduction steps the

consumer can take in the course of everyday living. It

encourages the consumer to make a positive contribution

toward the problem of disposing of waste. It includes the

nine lives of a peanut butter jar, and many other creative

reuse suggestions, as well as suggestions for recycling.

Environmental Shopping Guide

June 1992, 26 pp, $5

Pennsylvania Resources Council, Inc.

3606 Providence Road 

Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073

610 353-1555

This document is designed to promote buying products

packaged in recycled or recyclable materials that are not

harmful to the environment. The kit includes a recycling

fact sheet, sample press release, and suggestions for modifying shopping habits.

18
King County Home Waste Guide: A

Home Tour Through the World of Waste

Reduction and Recycling

1990, 40 pp, no charge

King County Solid Waste Division

Department of Public Works

400 Yesler Way, Room 600

Seattle, Washington 98104

206 296-4352

This guide is designed to help measure the current disposal habits of King County citizens and recommend

ways to reduce the amount of waste they generate. The

guide includes a home quiz with tips on waste reduction

and recycling; a resource catalog that lists contacts for

more details on waste reduction and recycling; and a

checklist that explains how to reduce, reuse, recycle, and

compost.

Leave Less Behind for the Future

Campaign: Research Findings

1993, 197 pp, no charge

California Integrated Waste Management

Board

Public Education and Assistance Section

8800 Cal Center Drive

Sacramento, California 95826

916 255-2200

This packet is the printed material from an educational

campaign for reduction and recycling of waste. Research

findings, consumer guides, and promotional materials

were originally included, although only the research

guide is currently available. There is limited information

on source reduction.

Minnesota’s Consumer Handbook to

Reducing Waste

March 1993, 39 pp, no charge

Waste Education Clearinghouse

Office of Environmental Assistance

520 Lafayette Road North, 2nd Floor

St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-4100

612 215-0232

This handbook contains a description of the solid waste

crisis, and how reducing, reusing, and recycling can

help alleviate the problem. Each “R” is described and

examples are provided for implementing it. A chart is

included, comparing products with more and less packaging, and the cost and waste savings gained by buying

products with less packaging. The handbook also

includes a solid waste glossary.

Promoting Source Reduction and

Recyclability in the Marketplace,

Executive Summary

September 1989, 144 pp, $35

NTIS Document No. PB90-163-122

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

800 553-6847

This book explores existing research, surveys, and

consumer-oriented education programs showing how

consumers, through their purchasing decisions, can promote source reduction and recyclability. Strategies that

can be successful in stimulating household demand for

environmentally preferable products and packages are

identified. The book states that definitions, labeling, and

other important messages must be standardized and

well-publicized so that they are readily recognized and

understood by the consumer.

SMART (Saving Money and Reducing

Trash) Holiday Shopping and School

Shopping

1992, 1 p each, no charge

Waste Education Clearinghouse

Office of Environmental Assistance

520 Lafayette Drive North, 2nd Floor

St. Paul, Minnesota 55155

612 215-0232

These pamphlets contain examples of products that have

minimal packaging, and list the cost savings and waste

reduced by buying one type of packaging over another.

Reuse ideas are also presented. About one-half of household waste comes from the packaging of products.

Through “SMART” shopping, consumers can save

money and reduce waste.

Public Outreach/Education 19
Solid Waste Source Reduction Education

Program

1992, 150 pp, no charge

Environmental Services Department

City of Greensboro

P.O. Box 3136

Greensboro, North Carolina 27402

Attn: Jerry Bulla

910 373-2867

This document describes a research project that shows

how residential solid waste generation rates are affected

by differing education levels. A similar study was conducted on the business community in the second phase of

the project. Overall results were substantial and positive.

The Three Rs: A Helpful Guide to

Improving the Environment

1993, 23 pp, $0.25

DuPage Environmental Awareness Center

P.O. Box 3200

Lisle, Illinois 60532

708 719-2452

This pamphlet provides a brief description of how to

recycle, buy recycled products, reduce waste, and implement these ideas in a community and workplace. The

pamphlet includes short case studies, charts of plastic

types and waste reduction options, questions and answers,

and steps for starting a program.

You Can Cut It! A Complete Guide to

Reducing Indiana’s Solid Waste at the

Source

October 1993, 148 pp, no charge

Indiana Department of Environmental

Management

Indiana Recycling Coalition

P.O. Box 6015

105 South Meridian Street

Indianapolis, Indiana 46206-6027

800 451-6027

This guide gives tips to help businesses, industries, institutions, and citizens change habits that can cause excessive waste generation. The guide is divided up into

sections pertaining to each of the above audiences, and

offers explanations, strategies, fact sheets, and information on conducting education campaigns.

20 Public Outreach/Education
Toxic Materials in the Waste Stream

Characterization of Products Containing

Lead and Cadmium in Municipal Solid

Waste in the United States, 1970 to 2000,

Final Report, Executive Summary

January 1989, 44 pp, no charge

EPA Document No. 530-SW-89-015C

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305 W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

and

Characterization of Products Containing

Lead and Cadmium in Municipal Solid

Waste in the United States, 1970 to 2000,

Final Report

January 1989, 200 pp, $47.50

NTIS Document No. PB89-151-039

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

800 553-6847

This report characterizes the sources of lead and cadmium in products disposed of in municipal solid waste

between 1970 and 1986, with projections to the year

2000. Lead-acid batteries are the largest sources of lead

in the waste stream and are projected to increase steadily

between 1970 and 2000. Other lead sources, such as lead

solder in cans and lead in pigments, virtually disappeared

between 1970 and 1986. Discards of nickel-cadmium

household batteries increased dramatically after 1970.

The report also discusses the recycling potential for both

types of batteries.

Characterization of Products Containing

Mercury in Municipal Solid Waste in the

United States, 1970 to 2000, Final

Report, Executive Summary

March 1992, 23 pp, no charge

EPA Document No. 530-S-92-013

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305 W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

and

Characterization of Products Containing

Mercury in Municipal Solid Waste in the

United States, 1970 to 2000, Final Report

March 1992, 115 pp, $35

NTIS Document No. PB92-162-569

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

800 553-6847

This report identifies the products in municipal solid

waste that contain mercury, and quantifies the mercury

present in these products. Discarded household batteries

are classified a major source of mercury, while light

bulbs, paint residues, thermometers, thermostats, and pigments are less intensive sources of mercury in municipal

solid waste.

21
A Database of Safer Substitutes for

Hazardous Household Products - Phase

One Report

Philip Dickey

July 1990, 81 pp, $5

Washington Toxics Coalition

4516 University Way, NE.

Seattle, Washington 98105

206 632-1545

This report is the first of three studies investigating the

environmental hazards associated with the use of pesticides, solvents, and some cleaning products. Phase I

focuses on laundry detergents. It reveals that powdered

laundry detergents were significant sources of arsenic in

wastewater. The level of arsenic in detergents was found

to generally correlate with phosphate content.

A Database of Safer Substitutes for

Hazardous Household Products - Phase

Two Report

Philip Dickey

March 1991, 108 pp, $5

Washington Toxics Coalition

4516 University Way, NE. 

Seattle, Washington 98105 

206 632-1545

Phase II of this three-part report investigates the environmental hazards associated with the use of dishwashing

detergents, bleaches, general purpose cleaners, scouring

powders, and toilet bowl cleaners. Study results indicate

that automatic dishwashing detergents and powdered

bleaches contribute arsenic to wastewater. These household products do not appear to contribute other metals

to any significant extent, however.

A Database of Safer Substitutes for

Hazardous Household Products - Phase

Three Report

Philip Dickey

October 1992, 41 pp, $5

Washington Toxics Coalition

4516 University Way, NE.

Seattle, Washington 98105

206 632-1545

This third report in the series investigates metals in the

residential waste stream from cosmetics, tap water,

human wastes, and household soil generated through

common cleaning activities. The analysis of tap water is

based on data from the Seattle Water Department. The

incidence of metals in human waste was investigated by

searching medical literature for established data on metals in urine and feces.

Tackling Toxics in Everyday Products: 

A Directory of Organizations

Nancy Lilienthal, Michele Ascione, and

Adam Flint 

1992, 192 pp, $19.95

INFORM, Inc.

381 Park Avenue South

New York, New York 10016-8806

212 689-4040

This guide provides information about the problems

caused by products containing toxic chemicals. It discusses indoor air pollution, smog, water, and air pollution

from the disposal of household hazardous wastes. It presents examples of products containing toxic constituents

and suggests less toxic alternatives. It discusses policies

and research needed to address this issue based on the

results of a nationwide survey. The directory also includes

an extensive listing of organizations and government

agencies working to prevent and alleviate problems

caused by toxic chemicals in products.

22 Toxic Materials in the Waste Stream
Variable Rates/Unit Pricing

An Assessment of Unit Pricing for

Municipal Solid Waste

A Report for the Pennsylvania Joint

Legislative Air and Water Pollution

Control and Conservation Committee

Tony M. Guerrieri

September 1994, 15 pp, no charge

Pennsylvania House of Representatives

House Box 202254

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120

717 787-7570

This report discusses Pennsylvania’s approach to unit pricing. The state encourages localities to use unit pricing to

reduce the waste stream, in order to reach the statewide

goal of recycling 25 percent of the waste stream by 1997.

The report examines eight unit pricing communities, six

of which had recycling rates greater than the statewide

average of 16 percent, and seven of which had annual per

capita waste generation rates below the state average of

0.8 tons.

Charging Households for Waste

Collection and Disposal: The Effects of

Weight or Volume-Based Pricing on Solid

Waste Management

P. Kaldijian

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

NTIS Document No. PB91-111-484

September 1990, 100 pp, $26

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, Virginia 22161

800 553-6847

This report examines the effects of unit pricing on waste

generation, household waste disposal behavior, and waste

management costs. It also examines particular features of

unit pricing and its interaction with other programs that

divert materials from the waste stream. The report discusses case studies solid waste systems in Seattle, Washington, Perkasie, Pennsylvania, and Ilion, New York.

Garbage by the Pound: On the Streets

Lisa Skumatz, Hans Van Dusen, Jennie

Carton

January 1995, 13 pp, $16.50

Reason Foundation

3415 South Sepulveda Boulevard, Suite

400

Los Angeles, California 90034

310 391-2245

This paper discusses the use of variable-rate pricing for

residential waste disposal. By basing the trash service fees

on the weight of waste being disposed of, residents are

encouraged to reduce their waste generation. The paper

includes the results of studies on incentive systems in various communities across the country.

Garbage by the Pound Pilot Project

Summary

April 1991, 48 pp, no charge

City of Seattle

Solid Waste Utility

710 2nd Avenue, Suite 505

Seattle, Washington 98104

206 684-7680

This report discusses a one-year pilot study, from February 1990 to February 1991, that tests a weight-based unit

pricing system for municipal garbage collection. The report

relates the results of economic, labor, and human error

analyses. The EPA-funded unit pricing test appeared to

lower the amount of garbage put out for collection by 15

percent during the pilot, and 60 percent of the residents

in the study said that they were satisfied with the system.

23
Garbage, Recycling, and Illicit Burning

or Dumping

Don Fullerton and Thomas Kinnaman

Working Paper #4374

May 1993, 50 pp, $5

National Bureau of Economic Research

1050 Massachusetts Avenue

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

617 868-3900

This paper is an analysis of an economic model of household waste disposal behavior. The model shows that a

unit-based fee would lead to some burning or dumping,

whereas a disposal tax on products, coupled with rebates

for proper waste disposal, would encourage legal disposal

of garbage. The study is purely theoretical and involves

no empirical data.

Household Demand for Garbage and

Recycling Collection with the Start of a

Price Per Bag

Don Fullerton and Thomas Kinnaman

Working Paper #4670

March 1994, 50 pp, $5

National Bureau of Economic Research

1050 Massachusetts Avenue

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

617 868-3900

This paper gives the results of a Charlottesville, Virginia,

study that measured household garbage generation before

and after the city implemented a unit pricing system.

The survey found that recycling increased 15 percent,

waste volume fell 37 percent, and waste weight fell 14

percent. The survey also showed that illegal dumping

accounted for about 28 percent of the total reduction.

Mandates or Incentives? Comparing

Packaging Regulations with User Fees for

Trash Collection

Lynn Scarlett

Publication No. 158

May 1993, 32 pp, $18

Reason Foundation

3415 South Sepulveda Boulevard, Suite

400

Los Angeles, California 90034

310 391-2245

This booklet examines two approaches being considered

by Massachusetts for solid waste management. The first

would impose regulations for a statewide initiative to

require specific recycled-content levels for consumer

products and require the use of reusable, reduced, or

recycled packaging. The alternative to this plan is to put

in place a unit pricing system, which would create a

market-based incentive to accomplish similar goals.

Pay-As-You-Throw: Lessons Learned

About Unit Pricing

April 1994, 85 pp, no charge

EPA Document No. 530-R-94-004

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305 W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

This document describes the advantages and potential

barriers to unit pricing systems. It provides practical,

proven stategies and advice to solid waste officials to help

them decide if unit pricing could work in their communities. It reviews program options, explains the types of

waste containers typically used, the different ways to

structure a billing system, and other important choices. It

also provides a six-step process showing how to estimate

the amount of waste a community would produce under

unit pricing, create a rate structure, and estimate the

resulting revenues. Case studies and answers to commonly

asked questions about unit pricing programs are also

included.

24 Variable Rates/Unit Pricing
A Primer on Variable Rate Pricing for

Solid Waste Services

June 1994, 25 pp, no charge

U.S. Conference of Mayors

1620 I Street, NW.

Washington, DC 20006

Attn: Reginald Lawson

202 293-7330

This introductory brochure is written for municipalities

that are considering a unit pricing system. It gives tips on

how to start a successful program, and addresses implementation issues. The brochure discusses the various

mechanisms that can be used and the pros and cons of

each one.

Solid Waste Management: Planning

Issues & Opportunities

Robert Gottlieb, Gary Davis, and Sidney

Wolf

1990, 71 pp, $15

American Planning Association

1313 East 60th Street

Chicago, Illinois 60637

312 431-9100

This report examines solid waste management options,

examples of solid waste legislation, and case studies on

various communities, such as Seattle, Washington,

Perkasie, Pennsylvania, Queen Village in Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania, and North Hempstead, New York. It also

discusses waste stream composition.

State Solid Waste Policy Report: A Focus

on Greater Minnesota

November 1992, 166 pp, no charge

Minnesota Office of Environmental

Assistance

520 Lafayette Road North, 2nd Floor

St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-4100

612 296-3417

This report is a review of Minnesota’s waste management

system in which unit pricing is mentioned briefly. St.

Louis Park, a unit pricing community, is discussed. The

report examines historical and contemporary statewide

programs, county initiatives, industrial and residential

waste generation trends, waste collection and transportation systems, and collection system costs.

Unit Pricing: Providing an Incentive to

Reduce Municipal Solid Waste

EPA Document No. 530-SW-91-005

February 1991, 12 pp, no charge

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW. (5305W)

Washington, DC 20460

800 424-9346

EPA published this informational brochure for any city

solid waste manager interested in unit pricing methods

for municipal solid waste collection. The brochure

describes unit-based pricing and the economic theory

behind it. It discusses the potential benefits of unit pricing, including reduced waste generation, extended landfill

life, reduced labor costs for collection, greater recycling

participation, and increased resource conservation.

User Fee Potential for Proprietary

Activities

David S. Hasson

(presented to the Association of

Washington Cities 1991 Annual

Convention, Spokane, Washington)

June 1991

CH2M Hill

825 Northeast Multnomah, Suite 1300

Portland, Oregon 97232

503 235-5000

This discussion outlines the primary issues involved in

the implementation of both user fees and disposal taxes.

During this period of increased concern about property

taxes and revenues needed for government services,

municipalities are turning to user fees to meet revenue

needs. Charging user fees for proprietary activities has

been common, but tax revenues also have been used.

Variable Rates/Unit Pricing 25
Variable Rate Pricing: A Practical Guide

for Local Decisionmakers

Mark Lennon and Lisa Skumatz

May 1995, 85 pp, no charge

Coalition of Northeastern Governors

400 North Capitol Street, NW.

Washington, DC 20001

202 624-8450

This workbook is designed to assist in the evaluation,

planning, and implementation of variable rate pricing for

solid waste management services. It walks the reader

through planning, budgeting, selling the program, implementation, and operational concerns. The workbook also

includes worksheets and exercises to familiarize readers

with the process of implementing a unit pricing program.

The appendices discuss illegal dumping, multifamily

dwellings, seasonal populations, and bag-distribution

issues.

Variable Rates for Municipal Solid Waste:

Implementation Experience Economics

and Legislation

Lisa Skumatz

Publication No. 160

June 1993, 43 pp, $18

Reason Foundation

3415 South Sepulveda Boulevard, Suite

400

Los Angeles, California 90034

310 391-2245

This booklet examines the economics, mechanics, and

politics of unit pricing systems. The author shows the different ways in which unit pricing programs can be run,

comparing bags, tags, and prescribed cans; private and

public hauling; and complementary programs like composting and services for multi-unit housing. The author

discusses policies of various states that require or encourage unit pricing, and steps for evaluating a program’s performance.

Variable Rates in Solid Waste: Handbook

for Solid Waste Officials — Volume I -

Executive Summary

Lisa Skumatz and Cabell Breckinridge

City of Seattle Engineering Department,

Solid Waste Utility

1990, 45 pp, $26

NTIS Document No. PB90-272-055

and

Variable Rates in Solid Waste: Handbook

for Solid Waste Officials — Volume II -

Detailed Manual

1990, 309 pp, $62.50

NTIS Document No. PB90-272-063

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springield, Virginia 22161

800 553-6847

This manual describes an alternative to traditional source

reduction methods: charging user fees at variable rates

for solid waste collection and disposal services. Variable

can rates or bag/tag systems offer a number of advantages over traditional solid waste funding mechanisms:

they give customers control over the bill, provide incentives for waste reduction and recycling, can lead to system savings, can be implemented more quickly than

capital investments, and can be implemented in different

situations.

26 Variable Rates/Unit Pricing
Whatever You Call It, It Works...

Unit-Based Pricing for Solid Waste

Management: A “How To...” Manual for

New Hampshire Communities

Mark Lennon

May 1994, 35 pp, $10

New Hampshire Department of

Environmental Services

c/o Joyce Perrault

6 Hazen Drive

P.O. Box 95

Concord, New Hampshire 03302-0095

603 271-3503

This manual was written to help solid waste managers

and operators in New Hampshire muncipalities to evaluate, plan, and implement unit-based pricing programs.

The document covers planning, budgeting, selling the

program to residents and officials, implementation, and

operational concerns.

Wisconsin Volume Ba$ed Rate Collection

Guide: Economic Incentives for Source

Reduction and Recycling

Sherri Gruder, Shannon Green, Linda

Schuerman

November 1993, 62 pp, $10

University of Wisconsin—Extension

Solid & Hazardous Waste Education

Center

610 Langdon Street, Room 529

Madison, Wisconsin 53703

608 262-0385 (no phone orders)

This guide presents materials that can be used to plan

and implement, or to redesign, volume based rate (VBR)

solid waste collection programs. It contains information

about the feasibility of implementing VBRs from the

political, staff, and resident perspectives; VBR program

design options; and specific programs used by more than

200 communities in Wisconsin.

Variable Rates/Unit Pricing 27
Title Index

53 Simple Things Universities and Colleges

Can Do to Reduce Waste: Case Studies of

University Source Reduction, Recycling,

and Composting

Integrated Solid Waste Management

Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Assessment of Unit Pricing for Municipal Solid

Waste, An

Pennsylvania House of Representatives . . . . . . 23

Berkshire Recycles: A Handbook for Berkshire

County Businesses on Commercial

Recycling and Waste Reduction

Center for Ecological Technology . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Bottom Line . . . A Guide to Waste Reduction

for New York State Businesses, The

New York State Department of Economic

Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Business Guide for Reducing Solid Waste

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. . . . . . . 1

Business Guide to Waste Reduction & Recycling

Xerox Document and Software Service . . . . . . . 1

Business Waste Reduction and Recycling

Handbook

King County Solid Waste Division . . . . . . . . . . 2

Buy Recycled Training Manual: A Guidebook

for Buying Recycled Products

Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal

Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Buy Recycled Training Manual: A Guidebook for

Government Buyers and Using Agencies

Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal

Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

By-Product and Waste Search Service

Iowa Waste Reduction Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

California Waste Exchange: Directory of

Industrial Recyclers

California Environmental Protection Agency. . . 11

Case Reopened: Reassessing Refillable Bottles

INFORM, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Characterization of Products Containing Lead

and Cadmium in Municipal Solid Waste

in the United States, 1970 to 2000, Final

Report, Executive Summary

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . . . . . 21

and

Characterization of Products Containing

Lead and Cadmium in Municipal Solid

Waste in the United States, 1970 to

2000, Final Report

National Technical Information Service . . . . . 21

Characterization of Products Containing

Mercury in Municipal Solid Waste in the

United States, 1970 to 2000, Final

Report, Executive Summary

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . . . . . 21

and

Characterization of Products Containing

Mercury in Municipal Solid Waste in the

United States, 1970 to 2000, Final Report

National Technical Information Service . . . . . 21

Charging Households for Waste Collection and

Disposal: The Effects of Weight or

Volume-Based Pricing on Solid Waste

Management

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . . . . . 23

Consumer’s Handbook for Reducing Solid

Waste, The

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . . . . . 18

Convenience Store Guide to Solid Waste

Management

National Association of Convenience

Stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Curbing Waste in a Throwaway World: Report

of the Task Force on Solid Waste

Management

National Governors’ Association

Publications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Database of Safer Substitutes for Hazardous

Household Products - Phase One Report, A

Washington Toxics Coalition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Database of Safer Substitutes for Hazardous

Household Products - Phase Three

Report, A

Washington Toxics Coalition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

A-1
Database of Safer Substitutes for Hazardous

Household Products - Phase Two Report, A

Washington Toxics Coalition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Decision-Makers’ Guide to Solid Waste

Management, Volume II

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. . . . . . . 9

Delivering the Goods: Benefits of Reusable

Shipping Containers

INFORM, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Description of a Successful College Recycling

Program: A Look at Reed Recycling:

Reed College (Portland, Oregon)

Reed College Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Environmental Fact Sheets — Plastics: The

Facts on Source Reduction

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. . . . . . . 2

Environmental Shopping Guide

Pennsylvania Resources Council, Inc. . . . . . . . 18

Federal Disincentives: A Study of Federal Tax

Subsidies and Other Programs Affecting

Virgin Industries and Recycling

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. . . . . . 14

Federal Options for Reducing Waste Disposal

CBO Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Final Report of the Source Reduction Task Force

Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Inc. . . . 12

Food For The Earth

Food For The Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Food For Thought: San Francisco Restaurants’

Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling

San Francisco Recycling Program . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Food Packaging, Food Protection, and the

Environment: A Workshop Report

Institute of Food Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Forty Ways to Make Government Purchasing

Green

Government Purchasing Project . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Garbage by the Pound: On the Streets

Reason Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Garbage By the Pound Pilot Project Summary

City of Seattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Garbage, Recycling, and Illicit Burning or

Dumping

National Bureau of Economic Research . . . . . 24

Germany, Garbage, and the Green Dot:

Challenging the Throwaway Society

INFORM, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Getting at the Source: Strategies for Reducing

Municipal Solid Waste

World Wildlife Fund and 

The Conservation Foundation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

G.O.L.D. Manual: Methods to Assist State

Agencies and Institutions in the

Development of Waste Reduction and

Recycling Plans, The

Washington State Department of Ecology . . . . 3

G.O.L.D. Plan: A Strategy For Waste

Reduction and Recycling at State

Government Facilities, The

Washington State Department of Ecology . . . . 3

Guidelines for the Collection of Recyclable

Materials and Reduction of Solid Waste

in the State System of Education

Florida Education Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Household Demand for Garbage and Recycling

Collection with the Start of a Price Per Bag

National Bureau of Economic Research . . . . . 24

How To Recycle or Reuse Almost Anything

New York City Department of

Sanitation/Recycling Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Illinois Success Stories in Waste Reduction

Illinois Department of Energy and

Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

IoPP Packaging Reduction, Reuse, Recycling

and Disposal Guidelines

Institute of Packaging Professionals . . . . . . . . 13

King County Home Waste Guide: A Home

Tour Through the World of Waste

Reduction and Recycling

King County Solid Waste Division. . . . . . . . . 19

Leave Less Behind for the Future Campaign:

Research Findings

California Integrated Waste Management

Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Making Less Garbage: A Planning Guide for

Communities

INFORM, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Mandates or Incentives? Comparing

Packaging Regulations with User Fees

for Trash Collection

Reason Foundation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Mandatory Commercial Solid Waste Recycling:

Rhode Island Case Study

Center for Environmental Studies . . . . . . . . . . 3

MN’s Consumer Handbook to Reducing Waste

Waste Education Clearinghouse . . . . . . . . . . . 19

A-2 Title Index
Montgomery County Policy on Waste Reduction

Montgomery County Department of

Environmental Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Newark Guide to Source Reduction and Buying

Recycled in the Workplace, The

Newark Office of Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Office and Commercial Waste Reduction: A

How-To Guide for Illinois Businesses and

Organizations

Illinois Department of Energy and

Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Office Guide to Recycling and Buying Recycled

Products

Ohio Department of Natural Resources . . . . . . 4

Ounce of Prevention: Strategies for Cutting

Packaging Waste, An

Californians Against Waste Foundation. . . . . . 13

Ounce of Prevention: Waste Reduction

Strategies for Health Care Facilities, An

American Society for Healthcare

Environmental Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Overcoming Barriers to Large-Scale Diversion

of Municipal Solid Waste

International Council for Local

Environmental Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Packaging and the Environment: Alternatives,

Trends, and Solutions

Technomic Publishing Company, Inc. . . . . . . . 13

Pay-As-You-Throw: Lessons Learned About

Unit Pricing

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. . . . . . 24

Pollution Prevention Resource Guide

Alaska Department of Environmental

Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Precycle: Final Report

Boulder Energy Conservation Center . . . . . . . . 7

Preferred Packaging Manual

Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Inc. . . . 13

Primer on Variable Rate Pricing for Solid

Waste Services, A

U.S. Conference of Mayors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Promoting Source Reduction and Recyclability

in the Marketplace

National Technical Information Service . . . . . 19

Prosperity Without Pollution: The Prevention

Strategy for Industry and Consumers

Van Nostrand - Reinhold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Recycling and Source Reduction for the

Lodging Industry

American Hotel & Motel Association. . . . . . . . 4

Reducing Office Paper Waste

INFORM, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Resourceful Waste Management: A Guide for

Minnesota/Metropolitan Area Businesses

and Industries

Waste Education Clearinghouse . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Review of Industrial Waste Exchanges

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . . . . . 11

SMART (Saving Money and Reducing Trash)

Holiday Shopping and School Shopping

Waste Education Clearinghouse . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Solid Progress

Grocery Manufacturers of America. . . . . . . . . . 5

Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for Action,

The

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . . . . . 16

Solid Waste Management: Planning Issues &

Opportunities

American Planning Association . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Solid Waste Source Reduction Education

Program

Environmental Services Department. . . . . . . . 20

Source Reduction: A Working Definition

Council on Packaging in the Environment . . 16

Source Reduction and Recycling:

Environmental Stewardship for the 1990s

Eastman Kodak Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Source Reduction as an Option for Municipal

Waste Management

National Technical Information Service . . . . . 16

Source Reduction Case Studies and Fact Sheets

Departments of Commerce and Natural

Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Source Reduction Council of CONEG:

Progress Report

Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Inc. . . 16

Source Reduction Now: How to Implement a

Source Reduction Program

Waste Education Clearinghouse . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Spotlight on Waste Prevention: EPA’s Program

To Reduce Solid Waste at the Source

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . . . . . . 8

Title Index A-3
Starting a Materials Donation Program: A

Step-By-Step Guide

Materials for the Arts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

State Solid Waste Policy Report: A Focus on

Greater Minnesota

Minnesota Office of Environmental

Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Supermarket Diet: Watching Our Waste, The

Environmental Defense Fund. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Tackling Toxics in Everyday Products: 

A Directory of Organizations

INFORM, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Taking the CONEG Challenge: First Year

Update - Voluntary Packaging Reductions

by Industry

Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Inc. . . . 13

Three Rs: A Helpful Guide to Improving the

Environment, The

DuPage Environmental Awareness Center . . . 20

Unit Pricing: Providing an Incentive to Reduce

Municipal Solid Waste

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. . . . . . 25

University and College Solid Waste Reduction

and Recycling

Illinois Department of Energy and

Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

User Fee Potential for Proprietary Activities

Association of Washington Cities 1991

Annual Convention (presented by David

S. Hasson) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Variable Rate Pricing: A Practical Guide for

Local Decisionmakers

Coalition of Northeastern Governors . . . . . . . 26

Variable Rates for Municipal Solid Waste:

Implementation Experience Economics

and Legislation

Reason Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Variable Rates in Solid Waste: Handbook for

Solid Waste Officials — Volume I -

Executive Summary

and

Variable Rates in Solid Waste: Handbook

for Solid Waste Officials — Volume II -

Detailed Manual

National Technical Information Service . . . . . 26

Waste Prevention: It Makes Good Business Sense

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. . . . . . . 6

Waste Prevention Pays Off: Companies Cut

Waste In the Workplace

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . . . . . . 8

Waste in the Workplace

Keep America Beautiful, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Waste Not Book, The

Minnesota Hospital Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Waste Not, Want Not!

Scott Paper Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Composting

Options: Lessons Learned from 30

Communities

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . . . . . 17

Waste Prevention Tool Kit for Local

Governments

Cornell University Resource Center. . . . . . . . 10

Waste Reduction and the Model Community

Central States Education Center. . . . . . . . . . . 10

Waste Reduction: Policy and Practice

John Wiley & Sons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Waste Reduction Programs for

Commercial/Industrial Solid Waste: A

Guide for Local Governments

North Carolina Office of Waste Reduction . . 10

Whatever You Call It, It Works...Unit-Based

Pricing for Solid Waste Management: A

“How To...” Manual for New Hampshire

Communities

New Hampshire Department of

Environmental Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Wisconsin Volume Ba$ed Rate Collection

Guide: Economic Incentives for Source

Reduction and Recycling

University of Wisconsin—Extension, Solid

& Hazardous Waste Education Center. . . . . . 27

Wisconsin’s Business Waste Reduction &

Recycling Portfolio: Protect the

Environment and Your Bottom Line

Wisconsin Department of Administration . . . . 6

Worldwatch Institute Report: State of the

World 1991

Worldwatch Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

You Can Cut It! A Complete Guide to

Reducing Indiana’s Solid Waste at the

Source

Indiana Recycling Coalition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

A-4 Title Index
Author Index

Alaska Department of Environmental

Conservation

Pollution Prevention Resource Guide . . . . . . . . . . 10

American Hotel & Motel Association

Recycling and Source Reduction for the

Lodging Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

American Planning Association

Solid Waste Management: Planning Issues &

Opportunities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

American Society for Healthcare

Environmental Services

An Ounce of Prevention: Waste Reduction

Strategies for Health Care Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Association of Washington Cities 1991

Annual Convention (presentation by

David S. Hasson)

User Fee Potential for Proprietary Activities . . . . 25

Boulder Energy Conservation Center

Precycle: Final Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

California Environmental Protection Agency

California Waste Exchange: Directory of

Industrial Recyclers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

California Integrated Waste Management

Board

Leave Less Behind for the Future Campaign:

Research Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Californians Against Waste Foundation

An Ounce of Prevention: Strategies for

Cutting Packaging Waste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

CBO Publications

Federal Options for Reducing Waste Disposal . . . . 14

Center for Ecological Technology

Berkshire Recycles: A Handbook for Berkshire

County Businesses on Commercial Recycling

and Waste Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Center for Environmental Studies

Mandatory Commercial Solid Waste

Recycling: Rhode Island Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Central States Education Center

Waste Reduction and the Model Community . . . . 10

City of Seattle

Garbage by the Pound Pilot Project Summary . . 23

Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Inc.

Final Report of the Source Reduction Task

Force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Inc.

Preferred Packaging Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Inc.

Source Reduction Council of CONEG:

Progress Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Inc.

Taking the CONEG Challenge: First Year

Update - Voluntary Packaging Reductions by

Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Coalition of Northeastern Governors

Variable Rate Pricing: A Practical Guide for

Local Decisionmakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Cornell University Resource Center

Waste Prevention Tool Kit for Local

Governments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Council on Packaging in the Environment

Source Reduction: A Working Definition. . . . . . . 16

Departments of Commerce and Natural

Resources

Source Reduction Case Studies and Fact Sheets . . . 8

DuPage Environmental Awareness Center

The Three Rs: A Helpful Guide to Improving

the Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Eastman Kodak Company

Source Reduction and Recycling:

Environmental Stewardship for the 1990s. . . . . . . 5

Environmental Defense Fund

The Supermarket Diet: Watching Our Waste. . . . 5

Environmental Services Department

Solid Waste Source Reduction Education

Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Florida Education Center

Guidelines for the Collection of Recyclable

Materials and Reduction of Solid Waste in the

State System of Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Food For The Earth

Food For The Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

B-1
Government Purchasing Project

Forty Ways to Make Government Purchasing

Green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Grocery Manufacturers of America

Solid Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Illinois Department of Energy and Natural

Resources

Illinois Success Stories in Waste Reduction . . . . . . . 7

Illinois Department of Energy and Natural

Resources

Office and Commercial Waste Reduction: A

How-To Guide for Illinois Businesses and

Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Illinois Department of Energy and Natural

Resources

University and College Solid Waste Reduction

and Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Indiana Recycling Coalition

You Can Cut It! A Complete Guide to

Reducing Indiana’s Solid Waste at the Source. . . . 20

INFORM, Inc.

Case Reopened: Reassessing Refillable Bottles. . . . . 12

INFORM, Inc.

Delivering the Goods: Benefits of Reusable

Shipping Containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

INFORM, Inc.

Germany, Garbage, and the Green Dot:

Challenging the Throwaway Society. . . . . . . . . . . 14

INFORM, Inc.

Making Less Garbage: A Planning Guide for

Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

INFORM, Inc.

Reducing Office Paper Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

INFORM, Inc.

Tackling Toxics in Everyday Products: 

A Directory of Organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Institute of Food Technologies

Food Packaging, Food Protection, and the

Environment: A Workshop Report . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Institute of Packaging Professionals

IoPP Packaging Reduction, Reuse, Recycling

and Disposal Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Integrated Solid Waste Management Office

53 Simple Things Universities and Colleges

Can Do to Reduce Waste: Case Studies of

University Source Reduction, Recycling, and

Composting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

International Council for Local

Environmental Initiatives

Overcoming Barriers to Large-Scale

Diversion of Municipal Solid Waste. . . . . . . . . . . 15

Iowa Waste Reduction Center 

By-Product and Waste Search Service. . . . . . . . . 11

John Wiley & Sons

Waste Reduction: Policy and Practice. . . . . . . . . . 17

Keep America Beautiful, Inc.

Waste in the Workplace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

King County Solid Waste Division

Business Waste Reduction and Recycling

Handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

King County Solid Waste Division

King County Home Waste Guide: A Home

Tour Through the World of Waste Reduction

and Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Materials for the Arts

Starting a Materials Donation Program: A

Step-By-Step Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Minnesota Hospital Association

The Waste Not Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Minnesota Office of Environmental

Assistance

State Solid Waste Policy Report: A Focus on

Greater Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Montgomery County Department of

Environmental Protection

Montgomery County Policy on Waste

Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

National Association of Convenience Stores

Convenience Store Guide to Solid Waste

Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

National Bureau of Economic Research

Garbage, Recycling, and Illicit Burning or

Dumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

National Bureau of Economic Research

Household Demand for Garbage and

Recycling Collection with the Start of a Price

Per Bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

National Governors’ Association Publications

Curbing Waste in a Throwaway World:

Report of the Task Force on Solid Waste

Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

National Technical Information Service

Characterization of Products Containing Lead

and Cadmium in Municipal Solid Waste in

the United States, 1970 to 2000, Final Report. . 21

B-2 Author Index
National Technical Information Service

Characterization of Products Containing

Mercury in Municipal Solid Waste in the

United States, 1970 to 2000, Final Report . . . . 21

National Technical Information Service

Promoting Source Reduction and Recyclability

in the Marketplace, Executive Summary . . . . . . . 19

National Technical Information Service

Source Reduction as an Option for Municipal

Waste Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

National Technical Information Service

Variable Rates in Solid Waste: Handbook for

Solid Waste Officials — Volume I - Executive

Summary

and

Variable Rates in Solid Waste: Handbook for

Solid Waste Officials — Volume II - Detailed

Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

New Hampshire Department of

Environmental Services

Whatever You Call It, It Works...Unit-Based

Pricing for Solid Waste Management: A

“How To...” Manual for New Hampshire

Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

New York City Department of

Sanitation/Recycling Program

How To Recycle or Reuse Almost Anything. . . . . . 11

New York State Department of Economic

Development

The Bottom Line . . . A Guide to Waste

Reduction for New York State Businesses . . . . . . . . 1

Newark Office of Recycling

The Newark Guide to Source Reduction and

Buying Recycled in the Workplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

North Carolina Office of Waste Reduction

Waste Reduction Programs for

Commercial/Industrial Solid Waste: A Guide

for Local Governments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal

Authority

Buy Recycled Training Manual: A Guidebook

for Buying Recycled Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal

Authority

Buy Recycled Training Manual: A Guidebook

for Government Buyers and Using Agencies. . . . . 18

Ohio Department of Natural Resources

Office Guide to Recycling and Buying Recycled

Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Pennsylvania House of Representatives

An Assessment of Unit Pricing for Municipal

Solid Waste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Pennsylvania Resources Council, Inc.

Environmental Shopping Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Reason Foundation

Garbage by the Pound: On the Streets . . . . . . . . 23

Reason Foundation

Mandates or Incentives? Comparing

Packaging Regulations with User Fees for

Trash Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Reason Foundation

Variable Rates for Municipal Solid Waste:

Implementation Experience Economics and

Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Reed College Recycling

Description of a Successful College Recycling

Program: A Look at Reed Recycling: Reed

College (Portland, Oregon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

San Francisco Recycling Program

Food For Thought: San Francisco

Restaurants’ Guide to Waste Reduction and

Recycling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Scott Paper Company

Waste Not, Want Not! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Technomic Publishing Company, Inc.

Packaging and the Environment:

Alternatives, Trends, and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . 13

U.S. Conference of Mayors

A Primer on Variable Rate Pricing for Solid

Waste Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Business Guide for Reducing Solid Waste . . . . . . . 1

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Characterization of Products Containing Lead

and Cadmium in Municipal Solid Waste in

the United States, 1970 to 2000, Final

Report, Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Characterization of Products Containing

Mercury in Municipal Solid Waste in the

United States, 1970 to 2000, Final Report,

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Charging Households for Waste Collection and

Disposal: The Effects of Weight or

Volume-Based Pricing on Solid Waste

Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Author Index B-3
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

The Consumer’s Handbook for Reducing Solid

Waste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Decision-Makers’ Guide to Solid Waste

Management, Volume II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Environmental Fact Sheets — Plastics: The

Facts on Source Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Federal Disincentives: A Study of Federal Tax

Subsidies and Other Programs Affecting

Virgin Industries and Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Pay-As-You-Throw: Lessons Learned About

Unit Pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Review of Industrial Waste Exchanges . . . . . . . . . 11

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

The Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for Action . . . 16

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Spotlight on Waste Prevention: EPA’s

Program To Reduce Solid Waste at the Source. . . . 8

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Unit Pricing: Providing an Incentive to

Reduce Municipal Solid Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

U.S Environmental Protection Agency

Waste Prevention: It Makes Good Business Sense. . . . 6

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Waste Prevention Pays Off: Companies Cut

Waste In the Workplace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Composting

Options: Lessons Learned from 30

Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

University of Wisconsin—Extension, Solid &

Hazardous Waste Education Center

Wisconsin Volume Ba$ed Rate Collection

Guide: Economic Incentives for Source

Reduction and Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Van Nostrand - Reinhold

Prosperity Without Pollution: The Prevention

Strategy for Industry and Consumers. . . . . . . . . . 16

Washington Toxics Coalition

A Database of Safer Substitutes for

Hazardous Household Products - Phase One

Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Washington Toxics Coalition

A Database of Safer Substitutes for

Hazardous Household Products - Phase Three

Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Washington Toxics Coalition

A Database of Safer Substitutes for

Hazardous Household Products - Phase Two

Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Washington State Department of Ecology

The G.O.L.D. Manual: Methods to Assist

State Agencies and Institutions in the

Development of Waste Reduction and

Recycling Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Washington State Department of Ecology

The G.O.L.D. Plan: A Strategy For Waste

Reduction and Recycling at State Government

Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Waste Education Clearinghouse

MN’s Consumer Handbook to Reducing Waste . . 19

Waste Education Clearinghouse

Resourceful Waste Management: A Guide for

Minnesota/Metropolitan Area Businesses and

Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Waste Education Clearinghouse

SMART (Saving Money and Reducing

Trash) Holiday Shopping and School Shopping . . 19

Waste Education Clearinghouse

Source Reduction Now: How to Implement a

Source Reduction Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Wisconsin Department of Administration

Wisconsin’s Business Waste Reduction &

Recycling Portfolio: Protect the Environment

and Your Bottom Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

World Wildlife Fund and The Conservation

Foundation

Getting at the Source: Strategies for Reducing

Municipal Solid Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Worldwatch Institute

Worldwatch Institute Report: State of the

World 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Xerox Document and Software Service

Business Guide to Waste Reduction &

Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

B-4 Author Index
Periodicals

Beverage World

Keller International Publishing Corp.

150 Great Neck Road

Great Neck, New York 11021

516 829-9210

12/year

BioCycle: Journal of Composting and Recycling

419 State Avenue

Emmaus, Pennsylvania 18049

610 967-4135

12/year

EPA Journal

Superintendent of Documents

P.O. Box 371954

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15250-7954

202 260-6643

6/year

Governing Magazine

Crain Communications, Inc.

2300 N Street, NW., Suite 760

Washington, DC 20037

862-8802

13/year

Household Hazardous Waste Management News

Waste Watch Center

16 Haverhill Street

Andover, Massachusetts 01810

508 470-3044

4/year

Innovation

Industrial Designers Society of America

1142 East Walker Road

Great Falls, Virginia 22066

703 759-0100

4/year

Journal of Environmental Systems

Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.

26 Austin Avenue, Box 337

Amityville, New York 11701

516 691-1270

4/year

MSW Management

Forester Communications

5638 Hollister Avenue, Suite 301

Santa Barbara, California 93117

805 681-1300

7/year

Municipal Solid Waste News

Solid Waste Association of North America

1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 700

Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-3621

301 585-2898

12/year

Plastics News

Crain Communications, Inc.

Circulation Department

965 East Jefferson Avenue

Detroit, Michigan 48207

800 678-9595

52/year

Pollution Prevention News

U.S. EPA (7409)

401 M Street, SW.

Washington, DC 20460

Attn: Ruth Heikkinen

202 260-1803

6/year

Pulp & Paper

Circulation Department

P.O. Box 1065

Skokie, Illinois 60076-8065

800 682-8297

13/year

Recycling Today

GIE Inc.

4012 Bridge Avenue

Cleveland, Ohio 44113-3320

216 961-4130

12/year

Resource Recovery Report

5313 38th Street, NW.

Washington, DC 20015

202 362-6034

12/year

C-1
Resource Recycling

P.O. Box 10540

Portland, Oregon 97210

503 227-1319

12/year

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

Elsevier Science

655 Avenue of the Americas, 3rd Floor

New York, New York 10010-5107

Attn: Journals Information Department.

212 633-3752

12/year

Solid Waste Report

Business Publishers, Inc.

951 Pershing Drive

Silver Spring, Maryland 20910

800 274-6737

52/year

Solid Waste Technology

Adams/Green Industry Publishing, Inc.

7221 West 79th Street, Suite 208

Overland Park, Kansas 66204

913 642-6032

7/year

Waste Age

4301 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 300, NW.

Washington, DC 20008

800 829-5411

12/year

World Wastes

Argus Press

Fulfillment Department

P.O. Box 41369

Nashville, Tennessee 37204-1094

615 377-3322

12/year,,

World Watch

1776 Massachusetts Avenue, NW.

Washington, DC 20036

800 825-0061

6/year

C-2 Periodicals
Suggestions and Additions to the Source Reduction Bibliography

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Date ______________ Pages __________ Cost $ __________

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Source Reduction Bibliography

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Division

401 M Street, SW. (5306W)

Washington, DC 20460

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