NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-138


Compilation of Marine Mammal 

Incidental Take Data From the 

Domestic and Joint Venture 

Groundfish Fisheries in the U.S. EEZ 

of the North Pacific, 1989-2001 

by 

M. A. Perez

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

Alaska Fisheries Science Center 

September 2003 
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS 

The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center 

uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and 

technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing 

are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound 

professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical 

literature. 

The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries 

Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the 

Northwest Fisheries Center. The new NMFS-NWFSC series will be used by 

the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. 

This document should be cited as follows: 

Perez, M. A. 2003. Compilation of marine mammal incidental take 

data from the domestic and joint venture groundfish fisheries in the 

U. S. EEZ of the North Pacific, 1989-2001. U. S. Dep. Commer., 

NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-138, 145 p. 

Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by 

the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. 
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-138


Compilation of Marine Mammal 

Incidental Take Data From the 

Domestic and Joint Venture 

Groundfish Fisheries in the U.S. EEZ 

of the North Pacific, 1989-2001 

by 

M. A. Perez

National Marine Mammal Laboratory 

Alaska Fisheries Science Center 

7600 Sand Point Way N.E. 

Seattle, WA 98115 

www.afsc.noaa.gov 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Donald L. Evans, Secretary 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr., U.S. Navy (ret.), Under Secretary and Administrator 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

William T. Hogarth, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries 

September 2003 
This document is available to the public through: 

National Technical Information Service 

U.S. Department of Commerce 

5285 Port Royal Road 

Springfield, VA 22161 

www.ntis.gov 
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iii 

ABSTRACT 

This report presents a compilation by species, year, area, and gear type (trawl, longline, 

pot, and jig) of observer data on incidental take by the domestic (1989-2001) and joint venture 

(1989-1990) groundfish fisheries in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone of Alaska and the 

U.S. West Coast. Nineteen species of marine mammals (276 individuals) were observed killed 

or injured. Four of these 19 marine mammal species are classified as endangered under the 

Endangered Species Act: the western population only of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias 

jubatus), the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), the fin whale (Balaenoptera 

physalus), and the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). Sperm whales were not killed in 

groundfish gear, but two sperm whales were considered seriously injured after becoming 

entangled in and released with trailing longline gear. The only take recorded for the jig fishery 

was one Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) entangled in the lines and released with trailing 

gear; no marine mammals were directly killed by jig gear. Thirteen individual marine mammals 

sustained minor injuries before being returned to the sea, and 26 other individuals returned to the 

sea unharmed after either being caught by the gear or boarding the vessel of their own volition. 

Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) were reported killed in the groundfish fisheries only by pot gear, and 

only in 1992. Stratified random sampling ratio estimates were used to calculate total bycatch. 

The at-sea Pacific whiting trawl fishery off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California 

was estimated to have incidentally caught and killed a total of 44 marine mammals between 1990 

and 2001. In Alaska, the domestic trawl fishery was estimated to have incidentally killed a total 

of 445 marine mammals during the years from 1989 to 2001. The estimated average annual 

bycatch of Steller sea lions by the domestic trawl fisheries in Alaska during 1990-2001 was 

about 10% of the level of the average annual estimated take (127 sea lions) by the joint venture 

fisheries in Alaska during 1985-1989. 
v 

CONTENTS 

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................... iii 

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 

METHODS ..................................................................................................................................... 3 

Total Fishing Effort (Fishery Catch Data) .................................................................................. 4 

Observer Data ............................................................................................................................. 6 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................................... 12 

Incidental Take ......................................................................................................................... 12 

Ratio Estimates ......................................................................................................................... 15 

Marine Mammal Bycatch and Stock Assessment..................................................................... 17 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ 19 

CITATIONS ................................................................................................................................. 20 

Table 1. Total number of vessels, days, and hauls monitored for marine mammal bycatch ....... 23 

Table 2. List of marine mammal species that interacted with fishing gear or vessels................. 28 

Table 3. Number of marine mammals incidentally caught by domestic trawl vessels................ 30 

Table 4. Number of marine mammals incidentally caught by joint venture trawl vessels.......... 56 

Table 5. Number of marine mammals incidentally caught by longline fishery vessels .............. 60 

Table 6. Number of marine mammals incidentally caught by pot fishery vessels ...................... 72 

Table 7. Number of marine mammals incidentally caught by jig fishery vessels ....................... 82 

Figure 1. Statistical fishing areas in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region ....................... 88 

Figure 2. Statistical fishing areas in the Gulf of Alaska region................................................... 89 

Figure 3. Statistical fishing areas off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California ........... 90 

Figure 4. Locations in Alaska where domestic pelagic trawl gear was used............................... 91 

Figure 5. Locations in Alaska where domestic non-pelagic trawl gear was used ....................... 92 

Figure 6. Locations in Alaska where joint venture trawl gear was used ..................................... 93 
vi 

Figure 7. Locations off Washington, Oregon, and California where domestic pelagic trawl 

gear was used ........................................................................................................................ 94 

Figure 8. Locations off Washington, Oregon, and California where domestic non-pelagic 

trawl gear was used ............................................................................................................... 95 

Figure 9. Locations off Washington, Oregon, and California where joint venture trawl gear 

was used ................................................................................................................................ 96 

Figure 10. Locations in Alaska where longline gear was used.................................................... 97 

Figure 11. Locations in Alaska where pot gear was used............................................................ 98 

Figure 12. Locations in Alaska where northern fur seals, walruses, and sea otters were 

incidentally taken .................................................................................................................. 99 

Figure 13. Locations off Washington, Oregon, and California where California sea lions, 

Steller sea lions, harbor seals, northern elephant seals, Pacific white-sided dolphins, 

and Dall's porpoises were incidentally taken ...................................................................... 100 

Figure 14. Locations in Alaska where Steller sea lions were incidentally taken ...................... 101 

Figure 15. Locations in Alaska where bearded seals, harbor seals, spotted seals, ringed seals, 

ribbon seals, and northern elephant seals were incidentally taken ..................................... 102 

Figure 16. Locations in Alaska where humpback whales, minke whales, fin whales, and 

sperm whales were incidentally taken ................................................................................ 103 

Figure 17. Locations in Alaska where Pacific white-sided dolphins, killer whales, 

harbor porpoises, and Dall's porpoises were incidentally taken ......................................... 104 

Figure 18. Incidental take of Steller sea lions by type of domestic trawl gear used in the 

Bering Sea ........................................................................................................................... 105 

Appendix 1. List of statistical fishing areas by year of analysis, 1989-2001 ............................ 107 

Appendix 2. List of marine mammals incidentally taken by domestic fishing vessels ............. 109 

Appendix 3. List of marine mammals incidentally taken by joint venture fishing vessels ....... 133 

Appendix 4. Summary of comments by observers on marine mammals with injuries ............. 135 

Appendix 5. Statistical formulae used to calculate bycatch rates and estimates ....................... 139 

Appendix 6. Average annual (1997-2001) number of marine mammals incidentally caught... 142 
INTRODUCTION 

Assessing the status of marine mammal stocks includes determining various sources of 

natural and human-induced mortality. One source of human-induced mortality that has impacted 

marine mammal populations is incidental take (bycatch) in commercial fisheries. For example, 

Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) were incidentally caught by foreign and joint venture 

groundfish trawl fisheries in Alaska during 1973-1988, and bycatch of adult female sea lions in 

these fisheries was considered an important source of mortality during the 1970s in the early 

phases of the decline of the Steller sea lion populations in Alaska (Loughlin and York 2000; 

Perez and Loughlin 1991). 

Section 3(13) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (MMPA) states that the 

term "take" means to harass, hunt, capture, or kill, or attempt to harass, hunt, capture, or kill any 

marine mammal. Section 3(18) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 defines the term "take" 

as to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to 

engage in any such conduct. Incidental take is unintentional or accidental take which might 

occur during an otherwise lawful activity. Amendments to the MMPA in 1994 required that 

fisheries be managed based on incidental serious injuries and mortalities, and these amendments 

also allowed the Secretary of Commerce to prohibit, as necessary, the use by fisheries of 

deterrence of marine mammals. 

The National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML) and the North Pacific Groundfish 

Observer Program (NPGOP) at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), National Marine 

Fisheries Service (NMFS), have been compiling and analyzing data collected by observers on 

the interactions of marine mammals with fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea 

since the early 1970s. Data collected since 1989 by observers aboard vessels of the U.S. 

domestic groundfish fisheries have been analyzed annually to assess: 1) the levels of incidental 

take, and 2) the number of animals subjected to deterrence to prevent interactions with fishing 

gear (including predation on groundfish catches). The NPGOP published several reports during 
2

the early 1990s that summarized the history, sampling methods, and groundfish catch statistics of 

the joint venture (1989-1990) and domestic groundfish fisheries (1990-1991) in Alaska and the 

North Pacific Ocean (Berger et al. 1990; Guttormsen et al. 1990, 1992a, 1992b, 1992c; Narita 

et al. 1994). No comparable reports have been published for the years 1992 to 2001. The 

sampling methods used by observers at sea are detailed in the NPGOP training manual for 

observers (AFSC 2001). This manual undergoes annual revision to include changes in fishery 

regulations, improved sampling design, and recent additions to data collection requirements. 

The domestic fishery is harvested by a variety of gear types, but most observer trips 

occur on vessels using one of three types: trawl, longline, or pot (AFSC 2001). Trawl vessels 

fish with a net towed behind the boat. The net is shaped like a large funnel. At the end of this 

funnel is a bag called the codend, which collects fish caught by the net. A non-pelagic trawl is 

the use of any trawl net towed by one vessel which does not meet the configuration (e.g., mesh 

size, fishing line, ropes, floats, weights, etc.) specified for a pelagic trawl net in the fishing 

regulations. Trawlers make up the largest component of vessels which carry observers and 

include both catcher vessels and catcher/processor vessels (C/Ps). Catcher vessels are generally 

small boats that do not process their catch. Catcher/processors have factories and freezers 

aboard. It is the ability to freeze fish that differentiates C/Ps from catcher boats, and a vessel 

which freezes whole fish is still considered a C/P. Longline vessels fish with fixed hooks 

strung along a ground line. The longline can be several miles long and can have thousands of 

baited hooks attached. The longline fleet is made up of both catcher boats and C/Ps. Pot 

vessels fish with fixed steel traps, or "pots". The fish enter the pot in search of bait and 

become trapped inside. Most pot vessels are catcher boats, but there are a few C/Ps. A few 

observers have also been placed on jig (hook and line) fishing vessels which fish using a single, 

non-buoyed, weighted line with hooks attached and a moving retrieval device (longline vessels 

use a stationary, buoyed, and anchored line with hooks and a fixed roller device for retrieval). 

Observers are not placed on U.S. fishing vessels less than 60 feet in length. The joint venture 

groundfish fisheries during 1989 and 1990 consisted of U.S. catcher boats using trawl gear that 
3

delivered their fish to foreign processor vessels of the following countries: the People's Republic 

of China, Iceland, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Poland, and the former Soviet Union (Russia). 

The purpose of this report is to present a compilation by year and gear type (trawl, 

longline, pot, and jig) of the incidental take of marine mammals by the domestic groundfish 

fisheries (1989-2001) and the joint venture trawl fisheries (1989-1990) in the U.S. Exclusive 

Economic Zone (EEZ) off Alaska and the U.S. West Coast. The marine mammal bycatch data 

from all years (1989-2001) have been reanalyzed in this study based on updated information on 

species identification from canine tooth specimens and DNA analyses, as well as the current 

requirement to manage fisheries based on data from both serious injuries and mortalities. 

Average annual trends or interannual differences in catch rates, biological data collected by 

observers from incidentally caught marine mammals, and the predominant groundfish catch 

species when marine mammals were incidentally caught by the domestic groundfish fisheries 

during 1989-2001 is discussed by Perez (in prep.a). 

METHODS 

In this report, rates of incidental take are presented by gear type (trawl, longline, pot, and 

jig), year (1989-2001), and statistical reporting area. The statistical reporting areas for the 

groundfish fisheries in the U.S. EEZ off Alaska and the U.S. West Coast were redefined and 

modified between 1989 and 1993 from the original system developed for the International North 

Pacific Fisheries Commission (INPFC, 1952-1992) to the current management area definitions 

(Appendix 1). The results from each statistical area were also summarized by the three 

geographical regions of the U.S. EEZ: 1) the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands (Fig. 1); 2) the 

Gulf of Alaska (Fig. 2); and 3) the North Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, 

and California (Fig. 3). 

Observer data were combined with fishery data to produce estimates of incidental take as 

described in the following paragraphs. Ratio estimates (for each subgroup of species, gear type, 
4

statistical area, and year) of total marine mammal incidental take by the groundfish fisheries 

were derived using two data components: 1) the number of observed marine mammals caught 

per metric ton (t) of fishing effort monitored by observers onboard at-sea vessels (but not from 

observers stationed at shoreside processing plants), and 2) the estimated total commercial fishing 

effort (metric tons). 

Total Fishing Effort (Fishery Catch Data) 

The only effort data available for the entire fishery (all years, gears, and areas) was 

estimated total weights (t) of catches. The total fishery catch weights for the joint venture trawl 

fisheries during 1989-1990 were compiled by Berger et al. (1990) and Guttormsen et al. (1992b). 

The estimated total weight of fish (retained plus discarded amounts) caught by all vessels in the 

domestic fishery, including those vessels without observers, and for each calendar week by 

statistical area were derived from the "Blend" database of the NMFS Alaska Regional Office. 

The Blend database combines industry and observer data from the following sources: 

1) shoreside processor weekly production reports, 2) catcher/processor weekly production 

reports, and 3) observer reports of total estimated catch. The Blend database summarizes catch 

by week except for 1989 which was summarized by month. The total weights of groundfish 

catches in the at-sea trawl fisheries off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California were 

based only on observer reports since 1992. 

The total numbers of vessels that fished, days of fishing, hauls or sets deployed, and gear 

devices (nets, hooks, pots, or jigs) used by all vessels (observed and unobserved vessels) in any 

particular area during a given week were not available. Table 1 lists vessel observer coverage 

and effort by fishing days and gear type for observed cruises during 1989-2001 by year and 

region. Based on data (not presented here) in the NORPAC (observer database maintained by 

the NPGOP) and Blend databases, approximately 80% of the total groundfish catch by the entire 

trawl and longline fisheries was taken by observed vessels (28% for pot and 1% for jig vessels). 

Applying these percentages to the data presented in Table 1 may provide estimates for the total 
5

numbers of days fished or sets deployed in the entire fishery. This assumes constant average 

proportions of tonnage caught in sets deployed per day by gear type among all vessels; 

assumptions that are untested. 

The locations where trawl sets occurred on observed cruises in the Bering Sea, Aleutian 

Islands, and Gulf of Alaska are shown for pelagic trawls in Figure 4, non-pelagic trawls in 

Figure 5, and joint venture trawls in Figure 6. The locations where trawl sets occurred on 

observed cruises off Washington, Oregon, and California are shown for pelagic trawls in 

Figure 7, non-pelagic trawls in Figure 8, and joint venture trawls in Figure 9. The locations 

where longline sets occurred on observed cruises in the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of 

Alaska are shown in Figure 10. The locations where pot sets occurred on observed cruises in the 

Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska are shown in Figure 11. 

Two known biases must be considered when using catch tonnage as a measure of fishing 

effort. First, part of the groundfish catch on longline gear is lost to predation by marine 

mammals or sharks prior to retrieval, and there is no way to account for the weight of the lost 

catch from the empty hooks or remaining fish fragments (heads, lips, etc.). Second, the weight 

of some prohibited species bycatch or miscellaneous catch may be included in NORPAC, but not 

in the Blend database. The first bias (loss to predation) affects both NORPAC and the Blend 

databases equally, and thus may be considered negligible. The second bias is also mainly an 

issue for longline fisheries, for which prohibited fish species bycatch or miscellaneous catch 

items can sometimes represent up to 18% of the total weight of the longline set. Inclusion of 

such data in the NORPAC database will produce conservative (lower) estimates of total take 

compared to the Blend data since the species composition matrix will be different between the 

two databases for the same vessels. However, exclusion of these prohibited species weights 

from NORPAC likely would inflate catch rates and estimates. The species composition matrices 

of the two databases were not modified because there is no reliable method of estimating the 

weight of excluded prohibited fish bycatch or miscellaneous catch items in the unobserved 

fishery. 
6 

The regional totals of catch weights for the entire fishery presented in the tables in this 

report vary slightly from totals presented elsewhere because the catch weights were summed by 

strata to obtain regional totals. The Blend database is a hybrid of industry and observer data, and 

there is sometimes a discrepancy in catch data reported by statistical area, vessel class, and week 

between the two databases. It was necessary to account for differences in catch weights between 

the two data sets when the total groundfish catch weight on observed cruises exceeded that of the 

reported fishery tonnage in the same stratum. In all cases the NORPAC data were considered the 

minimum levels for catch (i.e., less than or equal to the expected "Blend" value; the "Blend" 

values were adjusted to equal the observer data when the former was lower). 

Observer Data 

AFSC (2001) provides a complete and detailed discussion of all observer duties, 

record-keeping forms and data codes, and procedures used to record and sample marine mammal 

bycatch and sightings, in addition to the procedures used by observers to monitor fishing effort 

and the composition of the groundfish catch. The observer’s duties and priorities consist of 

collecting catch information, estimating total tonnage of groundfish caught, sampling for species 

composition of fish in the catch and the incidence of prohibited crab and fish species in the 

catch, collecting biological data on various species, and watching for incidental take of marine 

mammals and seabirds. The NPGOP Observer Manual (AFSC 2001) states that the first priority 

of an observer is to record incidental takes and collect specimens of short-tailed albatross 

(Phoebastria albatrus), to record takes of marine mammals, and to collect canine teeth from 

pinnipeds (except walrus, Odobenus rosmarus) and tissue samples from cetaceans. Bycatch of 

short-tailed albatross and marine mammals take precedence over recording fishing effort and 

catch. This is a shift in priorities from those assigned to observers on foreign and joint venture 

vessels in the 1970s and 1980s when marine mammal incidental catch data were secondary and 

not to interfere with the collection of fishery catch data (Perez and Loughlin 1991). In addition 

to the collection of pinniped teeth (for identification of species and age estimation) and cetacean 
7

tissue samples (for identification of species and stock structure), observers are also asked to 

determine sex and length of any marine mammal found dead in the catch and to take photographs 

of any marine mammal involved in an interaction. 

The "unidentified" categories used in this study do not imply the take of mammals from 

species not listed in Table 2. Rather, in most cases, the unidentified animals can be presumed to 

belong to one of the identified species of pinnipeds or cetaceans, but positive identification was 

not possible. This was generally because they were either not seen or examined closely by the 

observer, or they were in advanced stages of decomposition. 

Observers recorded marine mammal interactions with fishing gear and vessels on 

standardized forms (or, since 1997, electronically through the ATLAS At-Sea Program on 

vessels equipped for satellite transmission of computer data). Marine mammal data forms for the 

domestic groundfish fisheries were still in development in 1989, and most observers on domestic 

vessels used the joint venture fishery marine mammal forms that year. Some improvements to 

the data collection forms and marine mammal duties of observers have been made since 1990. 

For example, estimating the proportion of each gear set monitored began in 1992, and groundfish 

catch predation has been routinely recorded since 1997. 

Observers were instructed to randomly pre-select hauls (sets) which they would monitor 

for incidental take of marine mammals. These randomly selected hauls or sets were used to 

calculate unbiased bycatch rates and estimates of total takes by the observed and unobserved 

fraction of the entire fleet of the groundfish fisheries. Observers also recorded interactions with 

marine mammals in unmonitored hauls on the same vessel whether the observer actually saw the 

animal involved with the interaction or was subsequently informed of the incident by the crew. 

However, in most cases the observer did see (and measure) the incidentally caught marine 

mammal from an unsampled haul, after being informed by the crew of the animal's capture. 
8

Estimated Incidental Take 

All observed marine mammals (actually seen and examined by the observer) which were 

seriously injured, killed by the gear or the vessel propeller, or lethally taken by the crew (none 

were reported during 1989-2001) during monitored hauls (sets) were included in bycatch rate 

estimations. The following data were not included in the bycatch estimation procedures used in 

this study (but their recorded occurrences are listed in Appendices 2 and 3): 1) animals which 

boarded the vessel or climbed on gear of their own volition, or were caught by the gear and 

subsequently returned to the sea unharmed or with only minor injuries; 2) carcasses in varying 

states of decomposition which were caught by the gear but were presumed to have died at some 

time prior to fishing operations, including dead animals for which the time and cause of death 

was unknown; 3) reported occurrences of isolated marine mammal parts (e.g., walrus tusks, 

pieces of baleen, skulls, or bones), miscellaneous unidentifiable fragments (tissue, blubber, or 

skin), or solitary aborted fetuses. 

The seriousness of the injuries or trailing gear was not determined by the observers, nor 

was it recorded in NORPAC. Angliss and DeMaster (1998) provide guidelines for classifying 

injuries and/or trailing gear as either a "serious injury" or a "minor injury". A marine mammal 

observed incidentally taken in a monitored set and also considered a "serious injury" was 

included in bycatch rate estimations. Comments (edited) recorded by observers on the condition 

of each of the animals which were injured or had trailing gear are listed in Appendix 4. 

Total incidental takes of marine mammals were calculated as ratio estimates on the basis 

of the number of observed marine mammals incidentally caught per metric ton of groundfish in 

monitored hauls (sets). Ratio estimates (with tonnage as the effort parameter) were previously 

applied to the foreign and joint venture trawl fisheries (Perez and Loughlin 1991). They were 

applied in this study to analyses of marine mammal data from all gear types in the domestic 

groundfish fisheries for which tonnage was the only available effort statistic. 
9

All observed hauls within each stratum were used to calculate the mean and variance of 

marine mammal bycatch. A ratio estimate allowed for unequal size hauls, but assumed the 

observed portion of each haul was an independent sample unit. In fact, each haul was not 

independent because hauls occurred in groups (cluster samples) for a vessel with a 

NMFS-certified observer onboard for a series of fishing days (a cruise). For simplicity, the 

vessel-cruise cluster sampling and the different observer sampling rates for various vessel size 

classes were ignored in this analysis. Although approximately 70% of the total number of trawl, 

longline, or pot sets and 54% of jig sets (Table 1) on a given cruise were monitored by an 

observer for marine mammal interactions, the actual proportion of the groundfish catch within a 

particular set monitored by an observer varied by gear type and circumstance (e.g., time and 

priority constraints). By definition, observed trawl hauls were considered monitored for marine 

mammal interactions in their entirety (100%). However, the percentage of the groundfish catch 

of longline, pot, and jig sets monitored for marine mammal interactions varied from 0 to 100%. 

Thus, a smaller percentage of the groundfish catch (tonnage basis) in these fisheries was 

observed for marine mammal bycatch than for the trawl fishery. The NORPAC database 

contained estimated weights of the entire groundfish catch (all species combined) in whole sets 

(official total catch); these weights were adjusted by the percentage of the set monitored for 

marine mammals to obtain the weight of the observed portion of groundfish catch in the set. 

Catch rates and estimates of incidental take for each species (and combined species) of 

marine mammals were calculated for each 4-week period (minimum stratum level) by year, 

statistical area, gear type, and vessel class (catcher/processor, mothership/processor, or 

catcher-only vessel). Each of the 13, 4-week periods per year were defined as four calendar 

weeks (ending on the same day of the week as the "Blend" database stratum) with partial weeks 

(at the start or end of the year) included in the first or last period. Bycatch rates and estimated 

takes were calculated independently for each stratum, and estimates of total bycatch and variance 

for each stratum were summed (stratified) to calculate rates and estimates for annual and 

regional totals. The statistical formulae used in this process are listed in the Appendix 5. The 
10

total number of hauls (sets) in the entire fishery was estimated using the proportion of hauls 

(sets) for observed tonnage (NORPAC) to the total fishery catch tonnage ("Blend") to derive 

data necessary to estimate parameters in the calculation of standard errors of catch rates. 

Rates and variance of incidental take for each stratum were calculated by the simple 

Rˆ random sampling ratio estimate ( ) method, using the sum of the marine mammals observed 

killed or seriously injured by fishing operations divided by the sum of the observed tonnage of 

fish catch in monitored hauls. Total estimated bycatch (Yˆ ) was calculated by the separate ratio Rs 

estimate method in stratified random sampling (Cochran 1977, Levy and Lemeshow 1999). The 

fraction of hauls observed in the total fishery is unknown; instead, the percentage of total 

tonnage sampled was used as an estimate of the fraction of total effort observed. The resulting 

values are reported as multiples of 10,000 t of fish catch. 

Total estimated incidental take of marine mammals was first calculated by multiplying 

the observed rate of incidental take (per metric ton of fish catch) in each stratum by the total 

tonnage caught by the entire fishery in the same stratum. Second, the estimated takes of all 

strata were summed (stratified) to obtain the total bycatch (stratified random sampling ratio 

estimator, Yˆ

Rs ) by year and area. Third, the calculated stratified random sampling ratio 

Yˆ estimator was adjusted A ( ) to include the number of additional marine mammal mortality takes 

reported by observers which were both 1) unobserved and/or unmonitored, and 2) occurred only 

in strata which had zero or unknown bycatch (i.e., bycatch reported by observers in strata where 

marine mammal bycatch was not observed in monitored hauls). This adjustment was necessary 

to prevent underestimation of annual and regional bycatch when incidental take was known to 

occur but was missed by the sampling design. Unobserved and/or unmonitored takes from strata 

which had observed monitored takes were ignored because they comprised a fraction of the 

estimated bycatch for a stratum. These adjustments were only made on the estimates of the total 

number of marine mammals taken by the entire fishery; the bycatch rates and confidence 

intervals presented in this report were calculated using data only from observed marine mammals 

taken in randomly sampled, monitored sets. 
11 

Estimated values of bycatch were rounded to the nearest integer. Upper confidence 

limits were rounded up to the nearest integer larger than or equal to the calculated value; the 

lower confidence interval limit values were rounded down to the nearest integer smaller than or 

equal to the calculated value. Thus, some minor rounding errors occur when adding the tabular 

integer totals across statistical areas (or combining species). If it is important to know the value 

of Yˆ

Rs rather than Yˆ 

A , it is easy to determine the value of Yˆ

Rs (before the adjustment of additional 

takes was made) directly from the tables by the following procedure: multiply the catch rate ( Rˆ , 

after dividing by 10,000) times the total groundfish catch (t) to obtain the result (Yˆ ) which Rs 

should then be rounded up to the smallest integer larger than or equal to the calculated value. 

The ratio estimates and catch rates presented in this report were calculated by summing 

the ratio estimate results (stratification) from individual subgroups of the data based on gear 

type, year, statistical area, vessel class, and month (4-week period). Thus, although similar, the 

values of the ratio estimates and catch rates in this report will be slightly different from those 

previously presented annually during the last decade in stock assessment reports (e.g., Angliss 

and Lodge 2002, Carretta et al. 2002), unpublished reports or memoranda where the data were 

merely aggregated (pooled) and then recalculated by non-stratified ratio estimates in any 

combination of the data by time, area, or vessel class. In addition, because this report included 

recently updated information on species identification from teeth specimens and DNA analyses, 

as well as the inclusion of data from serious injuries, the numbers of observed and estimated 

incidental takes will also slightly vary from the previously published stock assessment reports. 

Differences in observer coverage (by tonnage) listed in the tables of this report from Appendix 6 

in Angliss and Lodge (2002) are merely the result of the stratification process in summing the 

updated groundfish catch data in the Blend and NORPAC databases. 
12 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

Incidental Take 

Nineteen species of marine mammals have been observed killed or injured by fishing 

operations during 1989-2001 (Table 2). Four of these 19 marine mammal species are classified 

as endangered under the Endangered Species Act: the western population only of the Steller sea 

lion, the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), 

and the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). 

Steller sea lions often congregate around a vessel to feed from a discard chute, a trawl 

codend, or a longline as it being retrieved. Vessel crews have deterred sea lions from damaging 

the groundfish catch (e.g., Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus; walleye pollock, Theragra 

chalcogramma) and/or gear, or from being caught by the gear using several methods, including 

noise devices, pole gaffs, or firecrackers (“seal bombs”) to frighten the animals. Acoustical 

deterrence devices have also been used to prevent other marine mammal species such as killer 

whales (Orcinus orca) and sperm whales, which may feed on groundfish (e.g., Greenland 

halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides; Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepsis; sablefish, 

Anoplopoma fimbria) directly from longline gear. Whales feeding directly on hooked groundfish 

are the most common type of interactions between marine mammals and longline vessels. Six 

other species of marine mammals have also been infrequently observed involved in these 

predation or deterrence interactions (Table 2). However, interactions involving predation of the 

groundfish catch by marine mammals and deterrence of the mammals from the gear by crew 

members are not considered incidental take, and they will not be discussed in this report. They 

are referenced here because they are one of the factors involved in the chances that a marine 

mammal will be incidentally taken by the fishery. Most marine mammal predation and 

deterrence interactions do not result in incidental takes. The frequency of observed predation 

interactions by marine mammals on the groundfish catch during 1997-2001 and observed 

deterrence interactions by the crew is discussed separately by Perez (in prep.b

). 
13 

During 1989-2001, a total of 276 marine mammals of the 19 identified species were 

observed (in monitored sets) killed or seriously injured incidental to commercial fishing 

operations (trawl, longline, pot, or jig gear) in the U.S. EEZ off Alaska and the U.S. West Coast 

(Tables 3-7). The locations in Alaska and off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California 

where these species were taken by the domestic and joint venture groundfish fisheries during 

1989-2001 are shown in Figures 12-17 as follows: northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus 

(Fig. 12); California sea lions Zalophus californianus (Fig. 13); Steller sea lions (Figs. 13 and 

14); walruses (Fig. 12); bearded seals, Erignathus barbatus (Fig. 15); harbor seals, Phoca 

vitulina (Figs. 13 and 15); spotted seals, Phoca largha (Fig. 15); ringed seals, Pusa hispida 

(Fig. 15); ribbon seals, Histriophoca fasciata (Fig. 15); northern elephant seals, Mirounga 

angustirostris (Figs. 13 and 15); humpback whales (Fig. 16); minke whales, Balaenoptera 

acutorostrata (Fig. 16); fin whales (Fig. 16); sperm whales (Fig. 16); Pacific white-sided 

dolphins, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens (Figs. 13 and 17); killer whales (Fig. 17); harbor 

porpoises, Phocoena phocoena (Fig. 17); Dall's porpoises, Phocoenoides dalli (Figs. 13 and 17); 

and sea otters, Enhydra lutris (Fig. 12). 

The domestic trawl fisheries in the Bering Sea, the Aleutian Islands region, and the Gulf 

of Alaska was estimated to have incidentally killed a total of 445 marine mammals during the 

years from 1989 to 2001: 25 northern fur seals, 176 Steller sea lions, 27 walruses, 18 bearded 

seals, 27 harbor seals, 6 spotted seals, 20 ringed seals, 4 ribbon seals, 3 northern elephant seals, 3 

humpback whales, 2 minke whales, 3 fin whales, 2 Pacific white-sided dolphins, 13 killer 

whales, 8 harbor porpoises, 82 Dall's porpoises, 15 unidentified pinnipeds, 9 unidentified 

cetaceans, and 2 unidentified marine mammals (Table 3). The at-sea Pacific whiting trawl 

fishery off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California was estimated to have incidentally 

caught and killed a total of 44 marine mammals between 1990 and 2001: 5 California sea lions, 5 

Steller sea lions, 4 harbor seals, 6 northern elephant seals, 4 Pacific white-sided dolphins, 18 

Dall's porpoises, and 2 unidentified pinnipeds (Table 3). During 1989 and 1990, the joint 

venture trawl fisheries caught and killed an estimated 17 marine mammals in Alaska (2 northern 
14

fur seals; 8 Steller sea lions; 2 walruses; 3 harbor seals; and 2 minke whales) and 14 individuals 

in the North Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California (8 Pacific 

white-sided dolphins, 4 Dall's porpoises, and 2 unidentified cetaceans) (Table 4). 

Catch rates and bycatch estimates for pelagic and non-pelagic trawl gears were combined 

in Table 3 because the blend database does not distinguish between these two gear types prior to 

1996. Northern fur seals, Steller sea lions, bearded seals, harbor seals, killer whales, and Dall's 

porpoises have been observed killed by both types of trawl gear. However, except for the Steller 

sea lion in the Bering Sea, the numbers of observed mortalities were insufficient in most years to 

justify illustrating bycatch estimates by type of trawl gear. Catch rates and estimates of Steller 

sea lion mortalities were greater for non-pelagic trawl gear hauls than for pelagic trawl gear 

hauls (observer coverage was similar for both trawl gears), although fishing effort (groundfish 

tonnage caught) using pelagic trawl gear was approximately twice the amount caught with 

non-pelagic trawl gear (Fig. 18). 

Longline gear may have directly killed an estimated total of 154 marine mammals 

between 1990 and 2001 in Alaska (but this estimate may be high as discussed in the next section 

below): 66 Steller sea lions, 39 harbor seals, 3 ribbon seals, 15 northern elephant seals, 4 Pacific 

white-sided dolphins, 4 killer whales, 9 Dall's porpoises, and 14 unidentified pinnipeds 

(Table 5). Although no sperm whales were reported killed by the groundfish gear, two sperm 

whales were entangled and considered seriously injured by trailing longline gear (Table 5). An 

observer saw one unidentified baleen whale that was released with trailing gear after being 

seriously injured by entanglement in the buoy line of an unmonitored pot set (Table 6); this was 

the only cetacean reported taken by the pot fishery in Alaska during 1989-2001. The only take 

by the jig fishery was one Dall's porpoise which was considered to have suffered a serious injury 

when entangled with trailing gear (Table 7); no marine mammals have been reported directly 

killed by groundfish jig gear. 

Thirteen marine mammals (2 northern fur seals, 7 Steller sea lions, 2 unidentified 

otariids, 1 walrus, and 1 Dall's porpoise) suffered minor injuries or were entangled in 
15

non-threatening amounts of trailing gear before being released alive to the sea (Appendix 2). 

Sixteen pinnipeds (4 northern fur seals, 9 Steller sea lions, and 3 unidentified pinnipeds) boarded 

the vessel of their own volition and 10 other marine mammals (1 northern fur seal, 4 Steller sea 

lions, 2 walruses, 1 unidentified pinniped, and 2 unidentified dolphin/porpoises) were caught or 

entangled by the gear but subsequently freed by the crew and returned to the sea; all 26 of these 

animals apparently were unharmed by the interaction (Appendix 2). A detailed list of all marine 

mammal bycatch reported by observers onboard groundfish vessels in the U.S. EEZ off Alaska 

and the U.S. West Coast during 1989-2001 is presented in Appendices 2 and 3. 

Only in 1992 were sea otters reported killed by any type of groundfish gear. That year 

observers saw eight sea otters caught in monitored pot sets that occurred during May to August 

in locations near the fishing closure zones around Steller sea lion rookeries on Attu Island 

(observed pot fishing did not occur at the same nearshore locations in subsequent years during 

the same months). An additional 10 sea otters were estimated killed by the pot fishery that year 

(Table 6). Seven harbor seals were estimated killed by the pot fishery between 1990 and 2001 

(Table 6). 

Ratio Estimates 

One problem with ratio estimates as applied here, regardless of stratification, is that the 

level of observer coverage directly influences the catch rate calculations. In strata with low 

observer coverage, and where marine mammal takes also occurred, the calculated bycatch rates 

and estimates will tend to be high. Stratification preserves this slight upward bias. This can be 

seen in Table 5 where the stratified estimated incidental takes of Steller sea lions (Areas 630 and 

650) and harbor seals (Area 650) by longline gear are probably overestimates. However, as can 

be seen in Tables 3-7, there were few such instances. The calculated values were retained in this 

report because there was no basis to change any value only because it seemed high. 

Distribution and abundance of marine mammals vary geographically and temporally in 

the regions discussed in this study, and the susceptibility of mammals to interactions with fishing 
16

gear vary accordingly. The stratified ratio estimate method was used to partially account for 

seasonal and spatial variability in the absence of other data related to marine mammal biology. 

This approach seemed more reasonable than assuming that the bycatch rates for strata 

representing different areas and seasons in the monitored fishery would also apply to any 

unmonitored area of Alaska at any time of the year, which has sometimes been done in the past 

when using a simple ratio estimate approach with aggregated (pooled) data for an entire region 

or year comprising a single stratum. 

The stratified estimates of total bycatch in this study should be conservative because any 

possible bycatch in strata (by time, area, and vessel class) without any observer coverage was not 

included. However, should there have been any bycatch in these unobserved strata, it was 

presumably minimal (unless unusual types of takes occurred in such strata due to different 

fishing conditions or marine mammal biology, but there is no basis to expect such a scenario). 

The percentage of the vessel fleet which fished in strata that was unobserved by the NPGOP (all 

sets in such strata were unmonitored) was generally small, or the amount of fishing that occurred 

on these unobserved vessels is low. For the combined years (1989-2001), the percentages of the 

total fishery catch by gear type in these unobserved strata were: 2.0% (domestic trawl), 0.02% 

(joint venture trawl), 7.8% (longline), 15.0% (pot) and 97.1% (jig). Although the pot and jig 

gear fisheries were largely unobserved because the vessels generally are too small to 

accommodate an observer and the fishery is considered to present a low probability of 

interaction, the fishing effort using these gear types was very low compared to trawl catches. 

The percentage of the total groundfish catch taken by gear for all years (1989-2001) combined 

was 88.8% by domestic trawl gear, 3.5% by joint venture trawl gear, 6.5% by longline gear, 

1.1% by pot gear, and 0.02% by jig gear. Thus, it seems reasonable to assume that the 

estimations of marine mammal bycatch using the stratified separate ratio estimate method 

accounted for the vast majority of expected incidental take by the groundfish fisheries in the 

U.S. EEZ. off Alaska and the U.S. West Coast. 
17 

Marine Mammal Bycatch and Stock Assessment 

Stock assessment reports for marine mammals (e.g., Angliss and Lodge 2002, Carretta 

et al. 2002) base their assessments on the most recent 5 years of information on marine mammal 

serious injury and mortality. However, the data in Tables 3-7 provide the bycatch rates and 

estimates on an annual basis. Appendix 6 lists data on the average annual rates and estimates for 

1997-2001 which have been based on Tables 3-7 and taken from Perez (in prep b) and modified 

by the author to be consistent with marine mammal stock definitions (Angliss and Lodge 2002, 

Carretta et al. 2002) and the format of Tables 3-7 of the present report. Thus, the data in 

Appendix 6 lend themselves to being used in stock assessment reports consistent with current 

practice. 

Three endangered marine mammal species were observed killed or seriously injured by 

gear used in the domestic groundfish fisheries in the 1990s that were not observed killed or 

injured by the foreign or joint venture fisheries in the 1970s or 1980s: the humpback whale, the 

fin whale, and the sperm whale. It is possible that any one of these three species may also have 

been involved in critical bycatch interactions under similar circumstances involving trawl or 

longline gear in the foreign or joint venture groundfish fisheries prior to the 1990s when 

monitoring of marine mammal bycatch by observers was less prevalent than in the domestic 

fishery. 

The annual incidental mortality catch rates of Steller sea lions caught by domestic trawl 

gear in Alaska during 1990-2001 ranged from 0.014 to 0.180 (0.051 ± 0.008, average annual 

stratified rate) sea lions per 10,000 t of groundfish catch (Table 3, and Perez in prep.a

). The 

average annual incidental mortality rate of Steller sea lions in the domestic groundfish fishery in 

Alaska during 1990-2001 was only 1% of the pooled years' bycatch rate (1.212 ± 0.146) for the 

joint-venture groundfish fisheries during 1985-1989 (based on data in Table 4, and Perez and 

Loughlin 1991). The estimated average annual bycatch of Steller sea lions by domestic trawl 

fisheries in Alaska during 1990-2001 was about 10% of the level of the average annual estimated 

take (127 sea lions) by the joint venture fisheries in Alaska during 1985-1989 (based on data in 
18

Table 4, and Perez and Loughlin 1991). Closure of fishing areas near sea lion rookeries in the 

Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea since 1990 is one of the reasons for the decline in incidental 

mortality rates of Steller sea lions between 1985 and 2001; also, fewer Steller sea lions would be 

expected to encounter fishing vessels each year due to the continuing decline (5% annual rate, 

Loughlin and York 2000) of the western stock of the Steller sea lion. 

Under the implementation of regulations in Section 118 of the MMPA (50 CFR 229.2), 

NMFS must publish, at least annually, a List of Fisheries (LOF) that places all U.S. commercial 

fisheries into one of three categories based on the level of incidental serious injury and mortality 

of marine mammals that occurs in each fishery (16 U.S.C. 1387 (c)(1)). The categorization of a 

fishery in the LOF determines whether participants in that fishery may be required to comply 

with certain provisions of the MMPA, such as registration, observer coverage, and take reduction 

plan requirements. Owners of vessels or gear engaging in a Category I or II fishery are required 

to register with NMFS and obtain a marine mammal authorization from NMFS in order to 

lawfully incidentally take a marine mammal in a commercial fishery. Owners of vessels or gear 

engaged in a Category III fishery are not required to register with NMFS or obtain a marine 

mammal authorization. All of the commercial groundfish fisheries discussed in this report were 

classified as "Category III" fisheries in the LOFs from 1996 to 2002 (60 FR 67063, 28 December 

1995; 62 FR 33, 2 January 1997; 63 FR 5748, 4 February 1998; 64 FR 9067, 24 February 1999; 

65 FR 24448, 26 April 2000; 66 FR 42780, 15 August 2001; 67 FR 2410, 17 January 2002) 

because they did not have a sufficiently high level of direct serious injury or mortality to 

necessitate any management actions via Section 118 of the MMPA. However, the Interim North 

Pacific Groundfish Observer Program which monitors the groundfish fisheries in Alaska and off 

the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California has been extended through 31 December 2007 

(67 FR 72595, 6 December 2002). 

NMFS has proposed elevating the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands groundfish trawl 

fishery to Category II in 2003 based on their Tier 2 analysis (68 FR 1414, 10 January 2003). 

The total annual incidental mortality and serious injury across all fisheries is greater than or 
19

equal to 10% of the PBR levels for the following stocks: western North Pacific humpback 

whales, eastern North Pacific resident killer whales, eastern North Pacific transient killer whales, 

central North Pacific humpback whales, and western U.S. Steller sea lions (68 FR 1414, 

10 January 2003). NMFS noted that the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands trawl fishery could also 

qualify for elevation to Category I because the total annual mortality and serious injury of the 

western North Pacific stock of humpback whales in this fishery is 0.4 animals per year, or 57.1% 

of the PBR level (0.7 animals per year); however, there is insufficient data at present to 

determine if this level of mortality and serious injury impacts only the western North Pacific 

stock of humpback whales or also the central North Pacific stock of humpback whales, in which 

case reclassification to Category I may not be justified (68 FR 1414, 10 January 2003). 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

This report would not have been possible without the enthusiasm and accomplishments 

of the 2,630 observers who completed their arduous assignments to monitor the groundfish catch 

and incidental take of marine mammals onboard 808 vessels of the domestic and joint venture 

groundfish fisheries during 1989-2001. The staff of the North Pacific Groundfish Observer 

Program (NPGOP) at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) trained and debriefed the 

observers, and edited and processed the data for inclusion in the NORPAC database. NPGOP 

staff including Steve Barbeaux, Jerry Berger, Bob Carlson (deceased), Sheryl Corey, Dan 

Decker, Steve Hochberg, Kitty MacCauley, Ren Narita, and Karen Teig assisted the author with 

the retrieval of data which were only found in logbooks or erroneously recorded in NORPAC. 

Mike Brown, Glen Campbell, Angie Greig, Mike Guttormsen, Terry Hiatt, Dan Holland, and 

Brad Stenberg (all AFSC), and Mary Furuness of the Alaska Regional Office, NMFS, assisted 

the author in obtaining the "Blend" data for the domestic fisheries. Jerry Berger provided the 

"Blend" data for the joint venture fisheries. Species identification of marine mammals was 

verified by the staff of the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML), AFSC, from 
20

photographs, canine teeth from pinnipeds, and tissue specimens from cetaceans that were 

occasionally taken by observers. Identification and ageing of canine teeth was coordinated by 

John Sease and Jim Thomason. Marilyn Dahlheim and Christy Sims coordinated the processing 

the tissue samples for transmittal to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center which conducted the 

DNA analysis. AFSC Graphics Unit staff assisted with the preparation of figures. Reviews by 

Robyn Angliss, Jeff Breiwick, and John Sease were helpful in improving the quality of this 

paper. 

CITATIONS 

(AFSC) Alaska Fisheries Science Center. 2001. North Pacific Groundfish Observer Manual. 

North Pacific Groundfish Observer Program. AFSC, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, 

Washington, 98115. (The most recent version of this manual is available in PDF format 

at www.afsc.noaa.gov/refm/observers/Document.htm.) 

Angliss, R. P., and D. P. DeMaster. 1998. Differentiating serious and non-serious injury of 

marine mammals taken incidental to commercial fishing operations: Report of the serious 

injury workshop 1-2 April 1997, Silver Spring, Maryland. U. S. Dep. Commer., NOAA 

Tech. Memo. NMFS-OPR-13, 48 p. 

Angliss, R. P., and K. L. Lodge. 2002. Alaska marine mammal stock assessments, 2002. U. S. 

Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-133, 224 p. 

Berger, J., S. Murai, and M. Guttormsen (compilers). 1990. Summaries of foreign and joint 

venture groundfish catches (metric tons) in the northeast Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, 

1989. NWAFC Proc. Rep. 90-04, 143 p. Available from Alaska Fisheries Science 

Center, Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way, N.E., Seattle, WA 98115. 
21

Carretta, J. V., M. M. Muto, J. Barlow, J. Baker, K. A. Forney, and M. Lowry. 2002. U.S. 

Pacific marine mammal stock assessments: 2002. U. S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. 

Memo. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-346, 286 p. 

Cochran, W. G. 1977. Sampling techniques. 3rd ed., John Wiley and Sons, NY, 428 p. 

Guttormsen, M., R. Narita, and J. Berger. 1990. Summary of U.S. observer sampling of foreign 

and joint venture fisheries in the northeast Pacific Ocean and eastern Bering Sea, 1989. 

U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS F/NWC-189, 84 p. 

Guttormsen, M., R. Narita, and J. Berger. 1992a. Summary of U.S. observer sampling of joint 

venture fisheries in the Northeast Pacific Ocean and eastern Bering Sea, 1990. U.S. Dep. 

Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-4, 78 p. 

Guttormsen, M., J. Gharrett, G. Tromble, J. Berger, and S. Murai (compilers). 1992b. 

Summaries of domestic and joint venture groundfish catches (metric tons) in the 

northeast Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, 1990. AFSC Processed Rep. 92-06, 143 p. 

Available from Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., NOAA, 

7600 Sand Point Way, N.E., Seattle, WA 98115. 

Guttormsen, M., R. Narita, J. Gharrett, G. Tromble, and J. Berger. 1992c. Summary of observer 

sampling of domestic groundfish fisheries in the Northeast Pacific Ocean and eastern 

Bering Sea, 1990. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-5, 281 p. 

Levy, P. S., and S. Lemeshow. 1999. Sampling of populations: Methods and applications. 

3rd ed., John Wiley and Sons, NY, 525 p. 

Loughlin, T. R., and A. E. York. 2000. An accounting of the sources of Steller sea lion, 

Eumetopias jubatus, mortality. Mar. Fish. Rev. 62(4):40-45. 

Narita, R., M. Guttormsen, J. Gharrett, G. Tromble, and J. Berger. 1994. Summary of observer 

sampling of domestic groundfish fisheries in the northeast Pacific Ocean and eastern 

Bering Sea, 1991. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-48, 540 p. 
22

Perez, M. A. In prep.a Interannual trends and biological characteristics of marine mammals 

incidentally taken by the U.S. groundfish fisheries in Alaska, 1992-2001. National 

Marine Mammal Laboratory, AFSC, NMFS, NOAA. 

Perez, M. A. In prep.b

 Interactions involving predation of the groundfish catch by marine 

mammals observed in the domestic groundfish fisheries in the U.S. EEZ of Alaska, 

1997-2001. National Marine Mammal Laboratory, AFSC, NMFS, NOAA. 

Perez, M. A., and T. R. Loughlin. 1991. Incidental catch of marine mammals by foreign and 

joint venture trawl vessels in the U.S. EEZ of the North Pacific, 1973-88. U.S. Dep. 

Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 104, 57 p. 
23 

Table 1.—Total number of vessels a, days b, and hauls (sets) monitored for marine mammal bycatch by 

U.S. observers aboard fishing vessels in the domestic and joint venture groundfish fisheries in the 

U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska and the U.S. West Coast during 1989-2001 by gear, region 

and year. The total numbers of vessels, days and hauls with marine mammal interactions c are also listed. 

Vessel coverage Effort by fishing days Effort by gear deployment 

Number of Number of Number of Total number Number of Number 

Number of fishing vessels fishing days fishing days of hauls hauls of hauls 

Gear fishing vessels with marine monitored with marine on vessel monitored with marine 

 Region with mammal by mammal cruises with by mammal

 Year observers interactions observers interactions observers observers interactions 

Trawl gear vessels 

 Bering Sea 

1989 49 9 1,366 6 5,183 3,770 6 

1990 122 41 11,969 43 46,182 28,448 43 

1991 155 42 14,650 56 53,265 31,558 59 

1992 160 49 13,501 80 50,320 32,246 81 

1993 153 38 10,848 46 41,775 28,479 46 

1994 148 33 11,517 39 42,340 28,717 39 

1995 162 39 10,397 32 40,333 27,572 33 

1996 168 36 11,480 32 42,763 28,868 35 

1997 156 33 10,531 51 39,610 25,657 52 

1998 141 34 9,975 66 33,992 23,339 68 

1999 133 35 8,073 49 27,252 20,324 58 

2000 142 37 9,455 64 31,477 23,818 69 

2001 136 32 9,289 48 30,926 23,652 52 

Gulf of Alaska 

1989 20 0 135 0 481 331 0 

1990 122 30 3,022 5 10,988 7,623 5 

1991 161 30 2,815 4 9,473 6,049 4 

1992 151 35 2,681 1 8,762 6,277 1 

1993 117 22 2,329 5 8,083 5,866 5 

1994 106 19 1,796 2 5,889 4,155 2 

1995 152 24 1,956 0 6,042 4,622 0 

1996 141 33 1,985 8 7,149 5,029 8 

1997 127 21 2,030 3 5,943 4,491 3 

1998 132 19 2,092 3 5,582 4,395 3 

1999 116 21 1,720 3 4,539 3,408 3 

2000 83 18 1,548 6 4,209 3,314 6 

2001 86 17 1,586 3 4,064 3,145 3 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 63 9 1,495 6 5,664 4,101 6 

1990 164 41 14,962 48 57,170 36,071 48 

1991 205 42 17,400 60 62,738 37,607 63 

1992 200 49 16,152 81 59,082 38,523 82 

1993 197 40 13,168 51 49,858 34,345 51 

1994 185 34 13,299 41 48,229 32,872 41 

1995 197 39 12,313 32 46,375 32,194 33 

1996 200 40 13,421 40 49,912 33,897 43 

1997 196 35 12,541 54 45,553 30,148 55 

1998 193 34 12,036 69 39,574 27,734 71 

1999 181 36 9,775 52 31,791 23,732 61 

2000 180 39 10,993 70 35,686 27,132 75 

2001 176 33 10,864 51 34,990 26,797 55 
24 

Table 1.--Continued. 

Vessel coverage Effort by fishing days Effort by gear deployment 

Number of 

Number of fishing vessels 

Gear fishing vessels with marine 

 Region with mammal 

Year observers interactions 

Number of Number of Total number Number of Number 

fishing days fishing days of hauls hauls of hauls 

monitored with marine on vessel monitored with marine 

by mammal cruises with by mammal

observers interactions observers observers interactions 

Trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Washington, Oregon, and California (at-sea processing Pacific whiting fishery) d 

1989 0 - 0 - 0 - ­

1990 4 3 36 0 172 97 0 

1991 18 7 797 0 5,011 2,633 0 

1992 26 12 697 2 3,577 2,448 2 

1993 18 9 337 0 1,809 1,122 0 

1994 17 7 494 1 3,746 1,781 1 

1995 17 6 337 1 2,244 1,214 1 

1996 16 6 341 1 2,621 1,675 1 

1997 16 4 366 2 2,862 1,634 2 

1998 13 6 381 5 2,976 2,234 5 

1999 12 6 426 2 3,025 1,849 2 

2000 14 10 475 4 2,463 2,016 4 

2001 12 6 408 1 2,226 2,117 1 

Longline gear vessels 

 Bering Sea 

1989 2 0 69 

1990 48 10 2,842 

1991 68 6 4,286 

1992 65 10 5,583 

1993 61 14 4,079 

1994 64 12 4,494 

1995 65 16 4,747 

1996 60 12 4,683 

1997 50 39 5,260 

1998 51 38 5,348 

1999 55 42 4,747 

2000 52 42 5,684 

2001 48 36 6,107 

0 178 0 0 

9 6,293 5,122 11 

6 9,094 5,682 6 

8 14,069 10,748 8 

32 10,733 8,331 39 

19 11,402 8,600 21 

21 12,063 8,737 26 

17 12,155 8,662 18 

149 13,705 9,580 184 

222 14,651 10,634 295 

227 13,443 9,801 310 

408 17,132 12,318 567 

164 19,437 12,914 209 

Gulf of Alaska 

1989 1 0 11 

1990 80 10 993 

1991 90 1 820 

1992 109 6 1,115 

1993 97 11 1,033 

1994 44 9 412 

1995 109 12 1,184 

1996 95 8 889 

1997 73 34 705 

1998 76 35 636 

1999 67 38 617 

2000 68 45 718 

2001 63 33 731 

0 25 0 0 

6 2,809 2,268 6 

0 2,300 1,648 0 

3 3,275 2,608 3 

3 3,095 2,415 3 

0 1,203 968 0 

7 3,000 2,468 8 

3 2,349 1,863 3 

38 1,830 1,502 60 

47 1,614 1,338 73 

45 1,630 1,354 62 

67 1,936 1,538 105 

41 2,011 1,589 54 
25 

Table 1.--Continued. 

Vessel coverage Effort by fishing days Effort by gear deployment 

Number of Number of Number of Total number Number of Number 

Number of fishing vessels fishing days fishing days of hauls hauls of hauls 

Gear fishing vessels with marine monitored with marine on vessel monitored with marine 

 Region with mammal by mammal cruises with by mammal

 Year observers interactions observers interactions observers observers interactions 

Longline gear vessels (continued) 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 2 0 80 0 203 0 0 

1990 97 13 3,834 15 9,102 7,390 17 

1991 130 6 5,105 6 11,394 7,330 6 

1992 141 11 6,698 11 17,344 13,356 11 

1993 120 16 5,106 35 13,828 10,746 42 

1994 77 12 4,906 19 12,605 9,568 21 

1995 127 20 5,919 28 15,063 11,205 34 

1996 119 14 5,566 20 14,504 10,525 21 

1997 100 53 5,958 187 15,535 11,082 244 

1998 99 53 5,977 269 16,265 11,972 368 

1999 90 52 5,362 272 15,073 11,155 372 

2000 94 66 6,396 475 19,068 13,856 672 

2001 92 53 6,830 205 21,448 14,503 263 

Washington, Oregon, and California (no vessels in the at-sea processing Pacific whiting fishery used longline gear during 1989-2001) 

Pot gear vessels 

 Bering Sea 

1989 0 - 0 

1990 8 0 198 

1991 17 1 424 

1992 41 3 1,282 

1993 14 0 165 

1994 30 0 445 

1995 64 3 1,022 

1996 82 1 1,493 

1997 53 2 871 

1998 53 5 580 

1999 89 7 880 

2000 67 3 699 

2001 60 0 745 

- 0 - ­

0 1,145 639 0 

0 1,678 920 0 

8 7,019 3,669 8 

0 746 644 0 

0 1,805 1,437 0 

1 3,917 3,099 1 

0 5,111 3,714 0 

0 2,259 1,775 0 

0 1,201 1,002 0 

1 2,341 1,856 1 

1 1,434 1,152 1 

0 1,654 1,347 0 

Gulf of Alaska 

1989 0 - 0 

1990 15 0 194 

1991 21 0 246 

1992 42 2 370 

1993 18 0 161 

1994 12 0 139 

1995 56 2 408 

1996 46 1 245 

1997 28 2 161 

1998 31 2 237 

1999 47 3 377 

2000 46 1 421 

2001 22 3 202 

- 0 - ­

0 1,336 834 0 

0 1,194 844 0 

0 1,548 1,019 0 

0 596 368 0 

0 565 464 0 

0 1,314 999 0 

0 574 452 0 

0 310 255 0 

1 649 422 1 

1 847 706 1 

0 865 710 0 

0 602 384 0 
26 

Table 1.--Continued. 

Vessel coverage Effort by fishing days Effort by gear deployment 

Number of Number of Number of Total number Number of Number 

Number of fishing vessels fishing days fishing days of hauls hauls of hauls 

Gear fishing vessels with marine monitored with marine on vessel monitored with marine 

 Region with mammal by mammal cruises with by mammal

 Year observers interactions observers interactions observers observers interactions 

Pot gear vessels (continued) 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 0 - 0 - 0 - ­

1990 19 0 389 0 2,481 1,473 0 

1991 35 1 665 0 2,872 1,764 0 

1992 68 3 1,621 8 8,567 4,688 8 

1993 26 0 318 0 1,342 1,012 0 

1994 36 0 579 0 2,370 1,901 0 

1995 93 4 1,403 1 5,231 4,098 1 

1996 101 2 1,701 0 5,685 4,166 0 

1997 67 4 1,006 0 2,569 2,030 0 

1998 67 6 809 1 1,850 1,424 1 

1999 107 8 1,240 2 3,188 2,562 2 

2000 98 4 1,114 1 2,299 1,862 1 

2001 75 3 940 0 2,256 1,731 0 

Washington, Oregon, and California (no vessels in the at-sea processing Pacific whiting fishery used pot gear during 1989-2001) 

Jig gear vessels 

 Bering Sea 

1989 0 - 0 

1990 0 - 0 

1991 0 - 0 

1992 0 - 0 

1993 0 - 0 

1994 2 0 11 

1995 1 1 2 

1996 1 0 1 

1997 0 - 0 

1998 0 - 0 

1999 0 - 0 

2000 1 0 4 

2001 0 - 0 

- 0 - -

- 0 - -

- 0 - -

- 0 - -

- 0 - ­

0 15 9 0 

1 2 1 1 

0 1 0 0 

- 0 - -

- 0 - -

- 0 - ­

0 5 5 0 

- 0 - ­

Gulf of Alaska 

1989 0 - 0 

1990 0 - 0 

1991 0 - 0 

1992 1 0 3 

1993 0 - 0 

1994 0 - 0 

1995 0 - 0 

1996 0 - 0 

1997 0 - 0 

1998 1 0 10 

1999 0 - 0 

2000 0 - 0 

2001 1 0 5 

- 0 - -

- 0 - -

- 0 - ­

0 34 34 0 

- 0 - -

- 0 - -

- 0 - -

- 0 - -

- 0 - ­

0 20 0 0 

- 0 - -

- 0 - ­

0 14 0 0 
27 

Table 1.--Continued. 

Vessel coverage Effort by fishing days Effort by gear deployment 

Number of 

Number of fishing vessels 

Gear fishing vessels with marine 

 Region with mammal 

Year observers interactions 

Number of Number of Total number Number of Number 

fishing days fishing days of hauls hauls of hauls 

monitored with marine on vessel monitored with marine 

by mammal cruises with by mammal

observers interactions observers observers interactions 

Jig gear vessels 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 0 - 0 

1990 0 - 0 

1991 0 - 0 

1992 1 0 3 

1993 0 - 0 

1994 1 0 11 

1995 1 1 2 

1996 0 - 1 

1997 0 - 0 

1998 0 - 10 

1999 0 - 0 

2000 1 0 4 

2001 0 - 5 

- 0 - -

- 0 - -

- 0 - ­

0 34 34 0 

- 0 - ­

0 15 9 0 

1 2 1 1 

0 1 0 0 

- 0 - ­

0 20 0 0 

- 0 - ­

0 5 5 0 

0 14 0 0 

Washington, Oregon and California (no vessels in the at-sea processing Pacific whiting fishery used jig gear during 1989-2001) 

Joint venture trawl gear vessels 

 Bering Sea 

1989 119 14 4,924 17 15,987 9,764 17 

1990 64 5 1,450 5 4,401 2,526 5 

Gulf of Alaska 

1989 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 

1990 0 - 0 - 0 - ­

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 119 14 4,924 17 15,989 9,766 17 

1990 64 5 1,450 5 4,401 2,526 5 

Washington, Oregon and California 

1989 44 1 2,236 1 9,994 7,285 1 

1990 33 3 1,727 4 7,970 5,439 4 

a Vessels with multiple observer cruises or observers during the calendar year were counted only once. b Fishing days are the number of calendar days per vessel that set gear to catch groundfish on each day. 

The marine mammal interactions referred to in this table include any type of interaction (e.g., marine mammals 

killed or injured by fishing operations; animals boarding vessels of their own volition or entangled in the gear 

and subsequently released unharmed; catch of decomposed carcasses or body parts; marine mammal predation on 

the groundfish catch; deterrence of animals from the catch by the crew). d Observers were placed on 100% of the fishing vessels in the at-sea processing Pacific whiting fishery. 

c 
28 

Table 2.—List of marine mammal species that interacted with any type of fishing gear or vessel operations in the 

domestic and joint venture groundfish fisheries in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska and the 

U.S. West Coast during 1989-2001. The common types of interactions reported by observers are 

summarized for each species. 

Marine mammal interactions with groundfish fisheries 

 Killed by Released Decomposed Deterrence 

fishing from gear carcasses Predation from

 operations unharmed or on groundfish 

Marine mammal species 

or serious 

injuries a

or minor 

injuries b

body parts 

 in gear c

groundfish 

catch d 

catch 

by crew e,f 

Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 

California sea lion 

(Zalophus californianus) Yes No No No No 

Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 

Unidentified otariids g Yes Yes Yes Yes No 

Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) Yes Yes Yes No No 

Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) Yes No Yes No No 

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) Yes No Yes Yes No 

Spotted seal (Phoca largha) Yes No Yes No No 

Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) Yes No Yes No No 

Ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata) Yes No No No No 

Northern elephant seal 

(Mirounga angustirostris) Yes No No Yes Yes 

Unidentified phocids g Yes No Yes No No 

Unidentified pinnipeds g Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 

Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) No No Yes No No 

Humpback whale 

(Megaptera novaeangliae) Yes No Yes Yes No 

Minke whale 

(Balaenoptera acutorostrata) Yes No Yes Maybe h No 

Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) 

Unidentified baleen whales g 

Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes j 

No 

No 

No 

No 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

Maybe i 

Yes 

No 

No 

Yes 

Bering Sea beaked whale 

(Mesoplodon stejnegeri) No No Maybe k No No 

Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) No No Yes No No 

Pacific white-sided dolphin 

(Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) Yes No No No No 

Killer whale (Orcinus orca) Yes No Yes Yes Yes 

Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Yes No Yes No No 

Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 

Unidentified dolphins/porpoises g Yes Yes Yes Yes No 

Unidentified whales g Yes No Yes Yes No 

Unidentified cetaceans g, l Yes No Yes Yes No 

Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) Yes No Yes No No 
29 

Table 2.--Continued. 

a Includes any type of incidental take that resulted in mortality including gear entanglement, propeller strikes, and 

serious injuries resulting from wounds or trailing gear (including broken longline hooks stuck in the mouth). b Includes any type of incidental take that did not impair the survivability of the animal in which the marine 

mammal was either caught by the gear or boarded the vessel and was subsequently released alive by the crew. c Includes any type of incidental take of carcasses or miscellaneous body parts from animals that were known to 

have died previous to gear deployment or were not confirmed to have been killed by the gear or fishing 

operations. d Includes any type of predation interaction of the marine mammal on the groundfish catch (not discards); these 

interactions (which are not classified as incidental takes) are not discussed in this paper. Observers did not 

routinely record these types of interactions before 1996. e Includes any method of deterrence, with or without devices, actively used by the crew to prevent the animal from 

interacting with the gear; these interactions (which are not classified as incidental takes) are not discussed in this 

paper. f Although amendments in 1994 to the MMPA allowed for prohibition of the use by fisheries of deterrence of 

marine mammals, the same types of deterrence methods were used every year during 1989-2001 in the domestic 

groundfish fisheries in Alaska, especially in the longline fishery directed at killer whales, sperm whales, and 

Steller sea lions. g Includes animals from any of the identified marine mammal species. h There was one interaction where a minke whale was observed near the trawl net as it was retrieved, but the 

observer could not confirm that the groundfish were eaten from the catch. i There was one interaction where an unidentified large whale, possibly a baleen whale, was observed feeding on 

the groundfish catch from the trawl net as it was retrieved.. 

j No sperm whales were reported killed directly by the gear or during fishing operations; however, two sperm 

whales with trailing longline gear were considered serious injuries. k Beaked whale skulls were caught on two occasion in the trawl gear, and these skulls may have been from Bering 

Sea beaked whales. l Unidentifiable carcasses in very advanced stages of decomposition or miscellaneous cetacean bones without flesh 

found isolated in the groundfish catch may have come from any cetacean species that occurs in the area, 

including species not listed in this table. For example, one decomposed Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) was 

caught by trawl gear in the foreign and joint venture groundfish fisheries in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands 

during 1973-1988 (Perez and Loughlin 1991). 
30

Table 3.--Number of marine mammals, by species, incidentally caught by trawl vessels of the domestic groundfish 

fishery in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in the Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska and off Washington, 

Oregon, and California, 1989-2001, reported by U.S. fishery observers, including an estimation of the  total incidental mortality by area and year. Catch rates are the ratio ( R (  ) and standard error ( s R) ) of the 

observed incidental take of marine mammals killed (or seriously injured) monitored during fishing 

operations to the observed groundfish catch (per 10,000 metric tons [t] basis). The coefficient of variation 

(CV) of the catch rate is also listed. Estimated mortality of marine mammals as bycatch is the adjusted 

ratio estimate ( Yˆ 

A ) and its 95% confidence interval (L95%). 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)

 Area 513 

1991 131,327.6 52.1 2,708 1 0.0960 0.0436 0.4539 1 1 to 3 a 

1992 146,316.9 60.8 3,955 1 0.1068 0.0642 0.6010 2 1 to 4 b 

1993 138,851.7 65.6 4,175 0 - - - 1 - c 

1996 320,830.4 61.1 4,968 1 0.0548 0.0361 0.6575 3 1 to 5 b,c 

2000 172,982.1 75.0 3,909 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 228,946.9 83.5 4,488 1 0.0606 0.0320 0.5286 1 1 to 3 b

 Area 514 

1991 129,649.9 56.2 4,259 1 0.2155 0.1726 0.8012 3 1 to 8 b 

1992 120,409.9 62.7 4,657 1 0.1276 0.0754 0.5908 2 1 to 4 b 

1994 28,870.1 50.3 895 2 1.4108 0.7129 0.5053 4 2 to 9 a

 Area 517 

1998 476,976.8 64.3 7,062 1 0.0732 0.0628 0.8571 3 1 to 10 b

 Area 519 

1991 144,663.4 46.1 1,711 1 0.1605 0.1215 0.7569 2 1 to 6 b

 Area 521 

1994 192,038.4 60.9 2,452 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 540 

1992 132,528.2 75.4 3,441 1 0.1008 0.0505 0.5015 1 1 to 3 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1991 2,079,538.3 51.9 31,558 3 0.0307 0.0140 0.4553 6 3 to 13 a 

1992 1,939,721.3 61.1 32,246 3 0.0229 0.0076 0.3310 5 3 to 8 a 

1993 1,843,180.1 64.0 28,479 0 - - - 1 - c 

1994 1,873,140.4 63.9 28,717 2 0.0217 0.0110 0.5053 5 2 to 9 a,c 

1996 1,753,240.7 64.2 28,868 1 0.0100 0.0066 0.6575 3 1 to 5 b,c 

1998 1,504,106.7 65.7 23,339 1 0.0232 0.0199 0.8571 3 1 to 10 b 

2000 1,501,472.6 74.3 23,818 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 1,693,350.6 76.6 23,652 1 0.0082 0.0043 0.5286 1 1 to 3 b 
31 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) (continued) 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1991 2,303,244.6 50.7 37,607 3 0.0277 0.0126 0.4553 6 3 to 13 a 

1992 2,171,839.7 58.8 38,523 3 0.0204 0.0068 0.3310 5 3 to 8 a 

1993 2,058,671.8 61.3 34,345 0 - - - 1 - c 

1994 2,071,375.7 61.0 32,872 2 0.0197 0.0099 0.5053 5 2 to 9 a,c 

1996 1,917,979.1 61.8 33,897 1 0.0092 0.0060 0.6575 3 1 to 5 b,c 

1998 1,715,831.4 62.1 27,734 1 0.0204 0.0175 0.8571 3 1 to 10 b 

2000 1,661,213.8 70.1 27,132 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 1,845,796.4 72.5 26,797 1 0.0075 0.0040 0.5286 1 1 to 3 b 

California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)

 Area 670 

1998 59,909.3 78.1 1,113 1 0.2388 0.1307 0.5473 1 1 to 3 b 

1999 91,419.1 66.1 1,221 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 710 

1994 135,615.8 52.0 1,328 1 0.1774 0.1356 0.7641 2 1 to 7 b 

1999 52,429.3 72.8 628 1 0.2157 0.0734 0.3404 1 1 to 2 a 

Washington, Oregon, and California (all areas combined) 

1994 181,236.6 53.4 1,781 1 0.1328 0.1014 0.7641 2 1 to 7 b 

1998 147,395.7 77.3 2,234 1 0.0971 0.0531 0.5473 1 1 to 3 b 

1999 143,848.4 68.6 1,849 1 0.0786 0.0268 0.3404 2 1 to 2 a,c,d 

Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus)

 Area 509 

1994 514,168.5 66.0 7,910 2 0.0548 0.0208 0.3794 3 2 to 5 a 

1998 516,185.8 64.8 7,480 1 0.0260 0.0131 0.5053 1 1 to 3 a 

1999 275,106.0 68.8 4,416 1 0.0550 0.0321 0.5833 2 1 to 4 b 

2000 374,475.6 68.6 6,140 1 0.0308 0.0112 0.3633 2 1 to 2 a,c,d 

2001 249,741.8 64.7 4,429 3 0.1719 0.0578 0.3360 4 3 to 8 a

 Area 510 

1989 895,871.1 9.7 2,682 2 0.2058 0.1564 0.7599 18 2 to 46 b

 Area 513 

1992 146,316.9 60.8 3,955 4 0.4158 0.1217 0.2927 7 4 to 10 a,c 

1994 294,050.6 68.6 6,176 4 0.1961 0.0545 0.2781 6 4 to 9 a 

1996 320,830.4 61.1 4,968 0 - - - 1 - c 

1997 201,887.3 59.7 4,962 1 0.0811 0.0506 0.6232 3 1 to 4 b,c 

1998 144,833.4 65.6 3,244 0 - - - 2 - c 

2000 172,982.1 75.0 3,909 2 0.1359 0.0370 0.2721 2 2 to 4 a 

2001 228,946.9 83.5 4,488 3 0.1888 0.0620 0.3284 4 3 to 8 a 
32 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) (continued)

 Area 514 

1990 18,132.1 64.5 736 2 1.8506 0.8158 0.4408 3 2 to 7 a 

1991 129,649.9 56.2 4,259 1 0.1326 0.0858 0.6471 4 1 to 4 b,c 

1992 120,409.9 62.7 4,657 8 0.9009 0.1774 0.1969 12 8 to 16 a,c 

1993 72,109.3 67.3 2,479 2 0.4014 0.1579 0.3933 3 2 to 6 a 

1994 28,870.1 50.3 895 0 - - - 2 - c 

1996 55,206.7 58.8 1,288 1 0.2925 0.1809 0.6182 3 1 to 4 b,c 

1997 66,131.5 68.0 1,768 4 0.8766 0.2436 0.2779 6 4 to 9 a 

2000 10,501.8 79.2 380 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 515 

1990 375,928.6 44.6 3,473 4 0.1386 0.0668 0.4815 5 4 to 11 a

 Area 516 

1990 13,294.5 43.7 341 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 517 

1992 524,466.6 63.2 6,476 1 0.0283 0.0162 0.5726 1 1 to 4 b 

1993 766,492.1 63.8 7,627 2 0.0414 0.0251 0.6078 3 2 to 7 b 

1998 476,976.8 64.3 7,062 1 0.0257 0.0111 0.4305 1 1 to 3 a 

1999 518,061.4 71.0 6,984 1 0.0228 0.0090 0.3928 1 1 to 3 a 

2000 501,934.8 71.0 7,048 1 0.0288 0.0160 0.5549 1 1 to 4 b

 Area 519 

1991 144,663.4 46.1 1,711 1 0.1605 0.1215 0.7569 2 1 to 6 b 

1995 86,880.2 58.3 941 1 0.1436 0.0640 0.4454 1 1 to 3 a

 Area 521 

1990 900,127.6 58.4 8,766 1 0.0177 0.0108 0.6108 3 1 to 4 b,c 

1991 589,622.8 54.9 8,043 3 0.0879 0.0332 0.3779 6 3 to 10 a,c 

1999 216,928.0 84.0 2,657 1 0.0493 0.0125 0.2535 2 1 to 2 a,e 

2001 415,833.2 86.5 5,014 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 524 

2000 9,474.8 70.3 222 1 1.3093 0.5706 0.4358 1 1 to 3 a

 Area 540 

1989 35,253.5 6.2 177 3 1.4163 0.8793 0.6208 5 3 to 12 b 

1990 151,619.1 69.1 3,925 3 0.2549 0.0727 0.2853 5 3 to 7 a,c 

1991 137,337.9 63.0 1,881 6 0.7124 0.1810 0.2541 10 6 to 15 a

 Area 541 

1999 35,513.8 79.0 788 1 0.3344 0.1329 0.3973 1 1 to 3 a

 Area 542 

1994 53,100.7 48.0 739 1 0.4070 0.2979 0.7320 2 1 to 6 b 

1995 100,157.2 71.4 1,392 1 0.1515 0.0886 0.5848 2 1 to 4 b 

1996 63,953.5 65.3 935 1 0.2606 0.1651 0.6338 2 1 to 4 b 

1998 33,783.6 69.1 500 3 1.3048 0.5445 0.4173 4 3 to 9 a 
33 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) (continued) 

Area 542 (continued) 

1999 29,662.1 79.2 500 1 0.4902 0.2767 0.5644 1 1 to 4 b 

2000 32,740.1 83.4 743 1 0.3342 0.0983 0.2942 1 1 to 2 a 

2001 43,701.6 82.8 715 1 0.2816 0.1221 0.4335 1 1 to 3 a

 Area 543 

1997 40,816.1 77.2 697 1 0.3232 0.1592 0.4925 3 1 to 3 a,e 

1999 28,423.7 83.9 559 2 0.8938 0.2936 0.3285 3 2 to 5 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 1,169,294.0 12.2 3,770 5 0.2004 0.1227 0.6125 23 5 to 52 b 

1990 2,172,601.4 58.0 28,448 10 0.0646 0.0150 0.2327 17 10 to 21 a,c 

1991 2,079,538.3 51.9 31,558 11 0.0914 0.0182 0.1992 22 11 to 27 a,c 

1992 1,939,721.3 61.1 32,246 13 0.0949 0.0150 0.1579 20 13 to 25 a,c 

1993 1,843,180.1 64.0 28,479 4 0.0329 0.0121 0.3690 6 4 to 11 a 

1994 1,873,140.4 63.9 28,717 7 0.0574 0.0133 0.2321 13 7 to 16 a,c 

1995 1,819,353.3 65.8 27,572 2 0.0152 0.0058 0.3787 3 2 to 5 a 

1996 1,753,240.7 64.2 28,868 2 0.0187 0.0083 0.4429 6 2 to 7 a,c 

1997 1,703,642.9 62.1 25,657 6 0.0514 0.0118 0.2302 12 6 to 13 a,c,e 

1998 1,504,106.7 65.7 23,339 5 0.0464 0.0135 0.2910 9 5 to 11 a,c 

1999 1,321,918.0 73.6 20,324 7 0.0677 0.0123 0.1823 10 7 to 13 a,e 

2000 1,501,472.6 74.3 23,818 6 0.0485 0.0085 0.1750 9 6 to 10 a,c 

2001 1,693,350.6 76.6 23,652 7 0.0581 0.0124 0.2125 11 7 to 14 a,c

 Area 610 

1990 53,651.4 47.2 1,668 1 0.2375 0.1830 0.7703 1 1 to 4 b 

1998 50,719.0 35.1 547 1 0.3125 0.1911 0.6116 2 1 to 4 b 

2001 47,613.9 19.0 423 1 1.1439 0.9917 0.8670 5 1 to 15 b

 Area 620 

1990 32,212.2 60.3 1,910 1 0.5216 0.3330 0.6385 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 630 

1993 123,497.0 36.5 3,584 1 0.1331 0.0839 0.6300 2 1 to 4 b 

1994 103,961.9 33.0 2,400 1 0.3116 0.2581 0.8284 3 1 to 9 b 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1990 217,901.8 44.6 7,623 2 0.1356 0.0667 0.4922 3 2 to 6 a 

1993 215,491.7 38.5 5,866 1 0.0763 0.0481 0.6300 2 1 to 4 b 

1994 198,235.3 33.1 4,155 1 0.1634 0.1354 0.8284 3 1 to 9 b 

1998 211,724.6 36.0 4,395 1 0.0749 0.0458 0.6116 2 1 to 4 b 

2001 152,445.8 27.4 3,145 1 0.3573 0.3098 0.8670 5 1 to 15 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 1,304,574.7 11.5 4,101 5 0.1796 0.1100 0.6125 23 5 to 52 b 

1990 2,390,503.2 56.8 36,071 12 0.0710 0.0149 0.2104 20 12 to 24 a,c 

1991 2,303,244.6 50.7 37,607 11 0.0825 0.0164 0.1992 22 11 to 27 a,c 

1992 2,171,839.7 58.8 38,523 13 0.0848 0.0134 0.1579 20 13 to 25 a,c 

1993 2,058,671.8 61.3 34,345 5 0.0375 0.0120 0.3199 8 5 to 13 a 
34 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) (continued) 

Alaska (all areas combined) (continued) 

1994 2,071,375.7 61.0 32,872 8 0.0675 0.0177 0.2620 16 8 to 22 a,c 

1995 1,988,746.8 63.9 32,194 2 0.0139 0.0053 0.3787 3 2 to 5 a 

1996 1,917,979.1 61.8 33,897 2 0.0171 0.0076 0.4429 6 2 to 7 a,c 

1997 1,901,588.1 58.9 30,148 6 0.0460 0.0106 0.2302 12 6 to 13 a,c,e 

1998 1,715,831.4 62.1 27,734 6 0.0499 0.0131 0.2628 11 6 to 13 a,c 

1999 1,506,099.6 68.5 23,732 7 0.0594 0.0108 0.1823 10 7 to 13 a,e 

2000 1,661,213.8 70.1 27,132 6 0.0439 0.0077 0.1750 9 6 to 10 a,c 

2001 1,845,796.4 72.5 26,797 8 0.0829 0.0280 0.3377 16 8 to 26 a,c

 Area 710 

1994 135,615.8 52.0 1,328 0 - - - 1 - c 

1997 84,433.4 76.1 1,019 0 - - - 1 - c 

2000 71,494.9 80.4 1,085 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 720 

1997 5,635.0 42.4 44 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 8,944.5 91.0 161 1 1.1180 0 0 1 - a 

Washington, Oregon, and California (all areas combined) 

1994 181,236.6 53.4 1,781 0 - - - 1 - c 

1997 147,390.4 65.7 1,634 0 - - - 2 - c 

2000 122,560.7 80.6 2,016 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 102,129.0 96.2 2,117 1 0.0979 0 0 1 - a 

Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)

 Area 509 

1997 482,772.6 58.0 6,866 1 0.0332 0.0204 0.6152 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 513 

1995 215,418.1 68.0 5,213 0 - - - 1 - c 

1998 144,833.4 65.6 3,244 0 - - - 1 - c 

2000 172,982.1 75.0 3,909 0 - - - 2 - c

 Area 514 

1991 129,649.9 56.2 4,259 3 0.3419 0.1178 0.3445 5 3 to 8 a,c 

1992 120,409.9 62.7 4,657 4 0.4789 0.1333 0.2782 6 4 to 9 a 

1993 72,109.3 67.3 2,479 2 0.4014 0.1579 0.3933 4 2 to 6 a,e 

1994 28,870.1 50.3 895 0 - - - 1 - c 

1995 32,063.5 63.3 1,002 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 517 

1997 426,600.2 63.7 6,247 1 0.0354 0.0205 0.5791 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 521 

1991 589,622.8 54.9 8,043 1 0.0260 0.0153 0.5893 2 1 to 4 b 
35 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) (continued) 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1991 2,079,538.3 51.9 31,558 4 0.0287 0.0085 0.2974 7 4 to 10 a,c 

1992 1,939,721.3 61.1 32,246 4 0.0297 0.0083 0.2782 6 4 to 9 a 

1993 1,843,180.1 64.0 28,479 2 0.0157 0.0062 0.3933 4 2 to 6 a,e 

1994 1,873,140.4 63.9 28,717 0 - - - 1 - c 

1995 1,819,353.3 65.8 27,572 0 - - - 2 - c 

1997 1,703,642.9 62.1 25,657 2 0.0183 0.0077 0.4234 4 2 to 6 a 

1998 1,504,106.7 65.7 23,339 0 - - - 1 - c 

2000 1,501,472.6 74.3 23,818 0 - - - 2 - c 

Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus)

 Area 509 

1999 275,106.0 68.8 4,416 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 249,741.8 64.7 4,429 1 0.0696 0.0454 0.6513 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 513 

1991 131,327.6 52.1 2,708 1 0.1552 0.1111 0.7154 2 1 to 5 b 

1994 294,050.6 68.6 6,176 1 0.0508 0.0292 0.5747 2 1 to 4 b,c 

1998 144,833.4 65.6 3,244 1 0.1026 0.0586 0.5709 1 1 to 4 b 

1999 170,833.2 73.3 3,158 1 0.0970 0.0612 0.6309 2 1 to 4 b 

2000 172,982.1 75.0 3,909 1 0.0925 0.0566 0.6119 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 514 

1991 129,649.9 56.2 4,259 1 0.1214 0.0732 0.6027 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 517 

1991 396,528.4 43.3 5,880 1 0.0364 0.0202 0.5538 1 1 to 4 b

 Area 521 

1994 192,038.4 60.9 2,452 0 - - - 2 - c 

1995 59,844.6 63.7 799 0 - - - 1 - c 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1991 2,079,538.3 51.9 31,558 3 0.0243 0.0092 0.3787 5 3 to 9 a 

1994 1,873,140.4 63.9 28,717 1 0.0080 0.0046 0.5747 4 1 to 4 b,c,d 

1995 1,819,353.3 65.8 27,572 0 - - - 1 - c 

1998 1,504,106.7 65.7 23,339 1 0.0099 0.0056 0.5709 1 1 to 4 b 

1999 1,321,918.0 73.6 20,324 1 0.0125 0.0079 0.6309 3 1 to 4 b,c 

2000 1,501,472.6 74.3 23,818 1 0.0107 0.0065 0.6119 2 1 to 4 b 

2001 1,693,350.6 76.6 23,652 1 0.0103 0.0067 0.6513 2 1 to 4 b 

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)

 Area 509 

1994 514,168.5 66.0 7,910 2 0.0653 0.0296 0.4537 3 2 to 7 a 

1996 508,895.5 61.0 9,801 1 0.0351 0.0233 0.6631 2 1 to 5 b 

1997 482,772.6 58.0 6,866 1 0.0366 0.0241 0.6593 2 1 to 5 b 
36 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) (continued) 

 Area 513 

1992 146,316.9 60.8 3,955 1 0.1206 0.0793 0.6581 2 1 to 5 b 

1996 320,830.4 61.1 4,968 1 0.0472 0.0275 0.5838 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 514 

1992 120,409.9 62.7 4,657 1 0.1335 0.0818 0.6128 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 515 

1990 375,928.6 44.6 3,473 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 517 

1990 303,749.0 67.8 5,370 1 0.0484 0.0275 0.5673 1 1 to 4 b 

1994 580,767.3 63.4 7,119 1 0.0241 0.0129 0.5355 1 1 to 3 b

 Area 521 

1999 216,928.0 84.0 2,657 1 0.0846 0.0570 0.6743 2 1 to 5 b

 Area 524 

2000 9,474.8 70.3 222 1 1.4003 0.7009 0.5005 1 1 to 3 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1990 2,172,601.4 58.0 28,448 1 0.0068 0.0038 0.5673 2 1 to 4 b,c 

1992 1,939,721.3 61.1 32,246 2 0.0174 0.0079 0.4516 4 2 to 7 a 

1994 1,873,140.4 63.9 28,717 3 0.0254 0.0091 0.3568 5 3 to 9 a 

1996 1,753,240.7 64.2 28,868 2 0.0188 0.0084 0.4478 4 2 to 7 a 

1997 1,703,642.9 62.1 25,657 1 0.0104 0.0068 0.6593 2 1 to 5 b 

1999 1,321,918.0 73.6 20,324 1 0.0139 0.0094 0.6743 2 1 to 5 b 

2000 1,501,472.6 74.3 23,818 1 0.0088 0.0044 0.5005 1 1 to 3 a

 Area 610 

1991 90,029.0 41.0 1,913 1 0.3034 0.2422 0.7981 3 1 to 8 b

 Area 620 

1992 40,291.7 36.3 965 1 0.8771 0.7446 0.8490 4 1 to 10 b 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1991 223,706.3 39.5 6,049 1 0.1221 0.0975 0.7981 3 1 to 8 b 

1992 232,118.4 40.1 6,277 1 0.1522 0.1293 0.8490 4 1 to 10 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1990 2,390,503.2 56.8 36,071 1 0.0062 0.0035 0.5673 2 1 to 4 b,c 

1991 2,303,244.6 50.7 37,607 1 0.0119 0.0095 0.7981 3 1 to 8 b 

1992 2,171,839.7 58.8 38,523 3 0.0318 0.0155 0.4872 8 3 to 14 a 

1994 2,071,375.7 61.0 32,872 3 0.0230 0.0082 0.3568 5 3 to 9 a 

1996 1,917,979.1 61.8 33,897 2 0.0172 0.0077 0.4478 4 2 to 7 a 

1997 1,901,588.1 58.9 30,148 1 0.0093 0.0061 0.6593 2 1 to 5 b 

1999 1,506,099.6 68.5 23,732 1 0.0122 0.0082 0.6743 2 1 to 5 b 

2000 1,661,213.8 70.1 27,132 1 0.0080 0.0040 0.5005 1 1 to 3 a 
37 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) (continued) 

 Area 670 

1996 61,619.3 74.1 1,000 0 - - - 1 - c 

2000 50,754.0 80.8 922 1 0.1970 0.0002 0.0009 1 1 to 2 a

 Area 710 

2000 71,494.9 80.4 1,085 1 0.1643 0.0636 0.3872 1 1 to 3 a

 Area 720 

1997 5,635.0 42.4 44 0 - - - 1 - c 

Washington, Oregon, and California (all areas combined) 

1996 129,920.8 65.2 1,675 0 - - - 1 - c 

1997 147,390.4 65.7 1,634 0 - - - 1 - c 

2000 122,560.7 80.6 2,016 2 0.1774 0.0371 0.2091 2 2 to 4 a 

Spotted seal (Phoca largha)

 Area 509 

1997 482,772.6 58.0 6,866 1 0.0254 0.0109 0.4302 1 1 to 3 a

 Area 513 

1996 320,830.4 61.1 4,968 1 0.0544 0.0356 0.6538 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 514 

1996 55,206.7 58.8 1,288 2 0.5898 0.2593 0.4397 3 2 to 7 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1996 1,753,240.7 64.2 28,868 3 0.0285 0.0104 0.3660 5 3 to 9 a 

1997 1,703,642.9 62.1 25,657 1 0.0072 0.0031 0.4302 1 1 to 3 a 

Ringed seal (Pusa hispida)

 Area 510 

1989 895,871.1 9.7 2,682 1 0.1566 0.1516 0.9683 14 1 to 41 b

 Area 514 

1992 120,409.9 62.7 4,657 1 0.1290 0.0770 0.5974 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 517 

2000 501,934.8 71.0 7,048 1 0.0288 0.0160 0.5548 1 1 to 4 b

 Area 521 

1996 51,494.9 79.3 843 1 0.2845 0.1592 0.5598 1 1 to 4 b 

2001 415,833.2 86.5 5,014 2 0.0505 0.0078 0.1552 2 2 to 3 a 
38 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) (continued) 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 1,169,294.0 12.2 3,770 1 0.1200 0.1162 0.9683 14 1 to 41 b 

1992 1,939,721.3 61.1 32,246 1 0.0080 0.0048 0.5974 2 1 to 4 a 

1996 1,753,240.7 64.2 28,868 1 0.0084 0.0047 0.5598 1 1 to 4 b 

2000 1,501,472.6 74.3 23,818 1 0.0096 0.0053 0.5548 1 1 to 4 b 

2001 1,693,350.6 76.6 23,652 2 0.0124 0.0019 0.1552 2 2 to 3 a 

Ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata)

 Area 517 

1990 303,749.0 67.8 5,370 1 0.0459 0.0246 0.5345 1 1 to 3 b 

1996 480,233.6 67.4 7,294 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 453,898.8 75.7 5,124 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 519 

1997 77,114.2 59.7 688 1 0.1411 0.0406 0.2878 1 1 to 2 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1990 2,172,601.4 58.0 28,448 1 0.0064 0.0034 0.5345 1 1 to 3 b 

1996 1,753,240.7 64.2 28,868 0 - - - 1 - c 

1997 1,703,642.9 62.1 25,657 1 0.0064 0.0018 0.2878 1 1 to 2 a 

2001 1,693,350.6 76.6 23,652 0 - - - 1 - c 

Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris)

 Area 515 

1990 375,928.6 44.6 3,473 1 0.0280 0.0063 0.2264 1 1 to 2 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1990 2,172,601.4 58.0 28,448 1 0.0049 0.0011 0.2264 1 1 to 2 a

 Area 610 

1990 53,651.4 47.2 1,668 1 0.2639 0.1435 0.5437 1 1 to 3 b

 Area 630 

1993 123,497.0 36.5 3,584 0 - - - 1 - c 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1990 217,901.8 44.6 7,623 1 0.0650 0.0353 0.5437 1 1 to 3 b 

1993 215,491.7 38.5 5,866 0 - - - 1 - c 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1990 2,390,503.2 56.8 36,071 2 0.0103 0.0034 0.3263 2 2 to 5 a 

1993 2,058,671.8 61.3 34,345 0 - - - 1 - c 
39 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) (continued) 

 Area 670 

1999 91,419.1 66.1 1,221 0 - - - 1 - c 

2000 50,754.0 80.8 922 1 0.2720 0.1419 0.5217 1 1 to 3 b

 Area 710 

1996 58,524.7 61.4 610 1 0.3193 0.2184 0.6842 2 1 to 5 b 

1998 87,486.4 76.8 1,121 1 0.2501 0.1842 0.7366 2 1 to 6 b 

Washington, Oregon, and California (all areas combined) 

1996 129,920.8 65.2 1,675 1 0.1438 0.0984 0.6842 2 1 to 5 b 

1998 147,395.7 77.3 2,234 1 0.1484 0.1093 0.7366 2 1 to 6 b 

1999 143,848.4 68.6 1,849 0 - - - 1 - c 

2000 122,560.7 80.6 2,016 1 0.1126 0.0588 0.5217 1 1 to 3 b 

Unidentified pinnipeds f

 Area 509 

1995 612,399.3 66.6 7,703 1 0.0246 0.0142 0.5794 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 511 

1991 178,115.6 45.0 3,375 1 0.0860 0.0507 0.5895 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 513 

1991 131,327.6 52.1 2,708 0 - - - 1 - c 

1992 146,316.9 60.8 3,955 1 0.1242 0.0834 0.6709 2 1 to 5 b 

1994 294,050.6 68.6 6,176 1 0.0508 0.0292 0.5751 1 1 to 4 b

 Area 514 

1992 120,409.9 62.7 4,657 0 - - - 1 - c 

1999 26,128.7 75.1 509 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 7,657.7 71.6 206 1 2.3788 1.5936 0.6699 2 1 to 5 b

 Area 517 

1990 303,749.0 67.8 5,370 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 521 

1991 589,622.8 54.9 8,043 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 524 

1994 5,437.5 66.3 114 0 - - - 1 - c 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1990 2,172,601.4 58.0 28,448 0 - - - 1 - c 

1991 2,079,538.3 51.9 31,558 1 0.0074 0.0043 0.5895 4 1 to 4 b,c,d 

1992 1,939,721.3 61.1 32,246 1 0.0094 0.0063 0.6709 3 1 to 5 b,c 

1994 1,873,140.4 63.9 28,717 1 0.0080 0.0046 0.5751 2 1 to 4 b,c 

1995 1,819,353.3 65.8 27,572 1 0.0083 0.0048 0.5794 2 1 to 4 b 

1999 1,321,918.0 73.6 20,324 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 1,693,350.6 76.6 23,652 1 0.0108 0.0072 0.6699 2 1 to 5 b 
40 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Unidentified pinnipeds f (continued) 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1990 2,390,503.2 56.8 36,071 0 - - - 1 - c 

1991 2,303,244.6 50.7 37,607 1 0.0066 0.0039 0.5895 4 1 to 4 b,c,d 

1992 2,171,839.7 58.8 38,523 1 0.0084 0.0056 0.6709 3 1 to 5 b,c 

1994 2,071,375.7 61.0 32,872 1 0.0072 0.0041 0.5751 2 1 to 4 b,c 

1995 1,988,746.8 63.9 32,194 1 0.0076 0.0044 0.5794 2 1 to 4 b 

1999 1,506,099.6 68.5 23,732 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 1,845,796.4 72.5 26,797 1 0.0099 0.0066 0.6699 2 1 to 5 b

 Area 710 

2000 71,494.9 80.4 1,085 1 0.1399 0.0001 0.0008 1 1 to 2 a

 Area 730 

1991 65,957.8 53.4 918 0 - - - 1 - c 

Washington, Oregon, and California (all areas combined) 

1991 212,260.8 50.5 2,633 0 - - - 1 - c 

2000 122,560.7 80.6 2,016 1 0.0816 0.0001 0.0008 1 1 to 2 a 

Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)

 Area 509 

1999 275,106.0 68.8 4,416 1 0.0519 0.0284 0.5472 1 1 to 3 b

 Area 517 

1998 476,976.8 64.3 7,062 1 0.0370 0.0243 0.6581 2 1 to 5 b 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1998 1,504,106.7 65.7 23,339 1 0.0117 0.0077 0.6581 2 1 to 5 b 

1999 1,321,918.0 73.6 20,324 1 0.0108 0.0059 0.5472 1 1 to 3 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1998 1,715,831.4 62.1 27,734 1 0.0103 0.0068 0.6581 2 1 to 5 b 

1999 1,506,099.6 68.5 23,732 1 0.0095 0.0052 0.5472 1 1 to 3 b 

Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)

 Area 517 

2000 501,934.8 71.0 7,048 1 0.0314 0.0191 0.6060 2 1 to 4 b 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

2000 1,501,472.6 74.3 23,818 1 0.0105 0.0064 0.6060 2 1 to 4 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

2000 1,661,213.8 70.1 27,132 1 0.0095 0.0058 0.6060 2 1 to 4 b 
41 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus)

 Area 620 

1999 53,111.5 38.5 1,025 1 0.5599 0.4568 0.8160 3 1 to 8 b 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1999 184,181.6 31.7 3,408 1 0.1615 0.1317 0.8160 3 1 to 8 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1999 1,506,099.6 68.5 23,732 1 0.0197 0.0161 0.8160 3 1 to 8 b 

Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens)

 Area 522 

1992 63,139.0 50.2 732 1 0.2544 0.1570 0.6173 2 1 to 4 b 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1992 1,939,721.3 61.1 32,246 1 0.0083 0.0051 0.6173 2 1 to 4 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1992 2,171,839.7 58.8 38,523 1 0.0074 0.0046 0.6173 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 670 

1998 59,909.3 78.1 1,113 1 0.1669 0 0 1 1 a

 Area 710 

1996 58,524.7 61.4 610 0 - - - 2 - c

 Area 720 

1996 9,776.8 32.6 65 0 - - - 1 - c 

Washington, Oregon, and California (all areas combined) 

1996 129,920.8 65.2 1,675 0 - - - 3 - c 

1998 147,395.7 77.3 2,234 1 0.0678 0 0 1 1 a 

Killer whale (Orcinus orca)

 Area 510 

1989 895,871.1 9.7 2,682 0 - - - 2 - c

 Area 511 

1992 260,875.2 58.2 4,427 1 0.0590 0.0348 0.5909 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 517 

1998 476,976.8 64.3 7,062 1 0.0352 0.0224 0.6369 2 1 to 4 b 

2001 453,898.8 75.7 5,124 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 519 

1997 77,114.2 59.7 688 1 0.1411 0.0403 0.2856 1 1 to 2 a 

2001 146,223.1 56.3 1,147 1 0.0935 0.0486 0.5199 1 1 to 3 b 
42 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Killer whale (Orcinus orca) (continued) 

 Area 521 

1991 589,622.8 54.9 8,043 1 0.0274 0.0170 0.6182 2 1 to 4 b 

1993 254,165.8 64.0 3,445 0 - - - 1 - c 

1999 216,928.0 84.0 2,657 0 - - - 1 - c 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 1,169,294.0 12.2 3,770 0 - - - 2 - c 

1991 2,079,538.3 51.9 31,558 1 0.0078 0.0048 0.6182 2 1 to 4 b 

1992 1,939,721.3 61.1 32,246 1 0.0079 0.0047 0.5909 2 1 to 4 b 

1993 1,843,180.1 64.0 28,479 0 - - - 1 - c 

1997 1,703,642.9 62.1 25,657 1 0.0064 0.0018 0.2856 1 1 to 2 a 

1998 1,504,106.7 65.7 23,339 1 0.0112 0.0071 0.6369 2 1 to 4 b 

1999 1,321,918.0 73.6 20,324 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 1,693,350.6 76.6 23,652 1 0.0081 0.0042 0.5199 2 1 to 3 b,c 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 1,304,574.7 11.5 4,101 0 - - - 2 - c 

1991 2,303,244.6 50.7 37,607 1 0.0070 0.0043 0.6182 2 1 to 4 b 

1992 2,171,839.7 58.8 38,523 1 0.0071 0.0042 0.5909 2 1 to 4 b 

1993 2,058,671.8 61.3 34,345 0 - - - 1 - c 

1997 1,901,588.1 58.9 30,148 1 0.0057 0.0016 0.2856 1 1 to 2 a 

1998 1,715,831.4 62.1 27,734 1 0.0098 0.0062 0.6369 2 1 to 4 b 

1999 1,506,099.6 68.5 23,732 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 1,845,796.4 72.5 26,797 1 0.0074 0.0039 0.5199 2 1 to 3 b,c 

Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)

 Area 509 

1994 514,168.5 66.0 7,910 1 0.0230 0.0090 0.3922 1 1 to 3 a

 Area 513 

1998 144,833.4 65.6 3,244 1 0.1214 0.0795 0.6553 2 1 to 5 b 

2001 228,946.9 83.5 4,488 1 0.0759 0.0495 0.6521 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 517 

1995 576,498.4 64.2 8,212 1 0.0198 0.0069 0.3502 1 1 to 2 a 

1997 426,600.2 63.7 6,247 1 0.0454 0.0316 0.6964 2 1 to 5 b 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1994 1,873,140.4 63.9 28,717 1 0.0063 0.0025 0.3922 1 1 to 3 a 

1995 1,819,353.3 65.8 27,572 1 0.0063 0.0022 0.3502 1 1 to 2 a 

1997 1,703,642.9 62.1 25,657 1 0.0114 0.0079 0.6964 2 1 to 5 b 

1998 1,504,106.7 65.7 23,339 1 0.0117 0.0077 0.6553 2 1 to 5 b 

2001 1,693,350.6 76.6 23,652 1 0.0103 0.0067 0.6521 2 1 to 4 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1994 2,071,375.7 61.0 32,872 1 0.0057 0.0022 0.3922 1 1 to 3 a 

1995 1,988,746.8 63.9 32,194 1 0.0057 0.0020 0.3502 1 1 to 2 a 
43 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) (continued) 

Alaska (all areas combined) (continued) 

1997 1,901,588.1 58.9 30,148 1 0.0102 0.0071 0.6964 2 1 to 5 b 

1998 1,715,831.4 62.1 27,734 1 0.0102 0.0067 0.6553 2 1 to 5 b 

2001 1,845,796.4 72.5 26,797 1 0.0094 0.0061 0.6521 2 1 to 4 b 

Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli)

 Area 509 

1993 374,720.0 62.5 5,804 1 0.0366 0.0183 0.5003 1 1 to 3 a 

1995 612,399.3 66.6 7,703 1 0.0228 0.0121 0.5319 1 1 to 3 b 

1996 508,895.5 61.0 9,801 3 0.1053 0.0520 0.4940 5 3 to 11 a 

1998 516,185.8 64.8 7,480 0 - - - 1 - c 

1999 275,106.0 68.8 4,416 1 0.1085 0.0842 0.7762 3 1 to 8 b

 Area 511 

1990 146,318.2 58.8 2,999 1 0.1234 0.0882 0.7148 2 1 to 5 b 

1992 260,875.2 58.2 4,427 1 0.1252 0.1043 0.8332 3 1 to 9 b

 Area 513 

1994 294,050.6 68.6 6,176 0 - - - 2 - c

 Area 517 

1990 303,749.0 67.8 5,370 1 0.0378 0.0136 0.3595 1 1 to 2 a 

1992 524,466.6 63.2 6,476 3 0.0598 0.0073 0.1228 3 3 to 4 a 

1993 766,492.1 63.8 7,627 0 - - - 1 - c 

1994 580,767.3 63.4 7,119 1 0.0243 0.0132 0.5420 1 1 to 3 b 

1995 576,498.4 64.2 8,212 1 0.0244 0.0132 0.5393 1 1 to 3 b 

1996 480,233.6 67.4 7,294 1 0.0263 0.0120 0.4556 1 1 to 3 a 

1997 426,600.2 63.7 6,247 2 0.0813 0.0395 0.4854 3 2 to 7 a 

1998 476,972.6 64.3 7,062 2 0.0827 0.0448 0.5414 4 2 to 9 b

 Area 519 

1996 72,918.5 62.5 760 1 0.1827 0.0913 0.4998 1 1 to 3 a 

1997 77,114.2 59.7 688 1 0.1741 0.0882 0.5069 1 1 to 3 a 

1998 86,601.1 58.1 884 1 0.3299 0.2649 0.8031 3 1 to 8 b

 Area 520 

1989 238,169.4 22.7 911 1 0.1992 0.1768 0.8874 5 1 to 14 b

 Area 521 

1990 900,127.6 58.4 8,766 2 0.0503 0.0283 0.5632 5 2 to 10 b 

1991 589,622.8 54.9 8,043 1 0.0276 0.0172 0.6215 2 1 to 4 b 

1993 254,165.8 64.0 3,445 2 0.1210 0.0715 0.5912 3 2 to 7 b 

1994 192,038.4 60.9 2,452 2 0.1438 0.0534 0.3712 3 2 to 5 a 

1997 259,433.0 62.0 2,515 2 0.1004 0.0343 0.3420 3 2 to 5 a 

1999 216,928.0 84.0 2,657 1 0.0846 0.0571 0.6745 2 1 to 5 b 

2000 296,931.4 84.4 3,499 3 0.1055 0.0126 0.1195 4 3 to 4 a,c,d 

2001 415,833.2 86.5 5,014 2 0.0695 0.0273 0.3928 3 2 to 6 a 
44 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) (continued) 

 Area 540 

1990 151,619.1 69.1 3,925 1 0.1086 0.0683 0.6294 2 1 to 4 b 

1992 132,528.2 75.4 3,441 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 541 

1994 95,711.4 71.9 1,461 1 0.1295 0.0571 0.4412 1 1 to 3 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 1,169,294.0 12.2 3,770 1 0.0406 0.0360 0.8874 5 1 to 13 b 

1990 2,172,601.4 58.0 28,448 5 0.0420 0.0141 0.3361 10 5 to 16 a 

1991 2,079,538.3 51.9 31,558 1 0.0078 0.0049 0.6215 2 1 to 4 b 

1992 1,939,721.3 61.1 32,246 4 0.0330 0.0142 0.4291 7 4 to 12 a,c 

1993 1,843,180.1 64.0 28,479 3 0.0241 0.0105 0.4369 5 3 to 9 a,c 

1994 1,873,140.4 63.9 28,717 4 0.0289 0.0074 0.2570 7 4 to 9 a,c 

1995 1,819,353.3 65.8 27,572 2 0.0154 0.0058 0.3788 3 2 to 5 a 

1996 1,753,240.7 64.2 28,868 5 0.0454 0.0159 0.3507 8 5 to 14 a 

1997 1,703,642.9 62.1 25,657 5 0.0435 0.0119 0.2727 7 5 to 12 a 

1998 1,504,106.7 65.7 23,339 3 0.0452 0.0208 0.4608 8 3 to 13 a,c 

1999 1,321,918.0 73.6 20,324 2 0.0365 0.0199 0.5450 5 2 to 10 b 

2000 1,501,472.6 74.3 23,818 3 0.0209 0.0025 0.1195 4 3 to 4 a,c,d 

2001 1,693,350.6 76.6 23,652 2 0.0171 0.0067 0.3928 3 2 to 6 a

 Area 610 

1996 45,236.2 36.4 814 1 0.5886 0.4685 0.7960 3 1 to 7 b 

1998 50,719.0 35.1 547 1 0.3125 0.1914 0.6125 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 620 

1993 40,718.9 45.8 1,094 1 0.5395 0.4029 0.7468 2 1 to 6 b 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1993 215,491.7 38.5 5,866 1 0.1019 0.0761 0.7468 2 1 to 6 b 

1996 164,738.4 36.6 5,029 1 0.1616 0.1287 0.7960 3 1 to 7 b 

1998 211,724.6 36.0 4,395 1 0.0749 0.0458 0.6125 2 1 to 4 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 1,304,574.7 11.5 4,101 1 0.0364 0.0323 0.8874 5 1 to 13 b 

1990 2,390,503.2 56.8 36,071 5 0.0382 0.0128 0.3361 10 5 to 16 a 

1991 2,303,244.6 50.7 37,607 1 0.0071 0.0044 0.6215 2 1 to 4 b 

1992 2,171,839.7 58.8 38,523 4 0.0295 0.0127 0.4291 7 4 to 12 a,c 

1993 2,058,671.8 61.3 34,345 4 0.0323 0.0124 0.3828 8 4 to 12 a,c 

1994 2,071,375.7 61.0 32,872 4 0.0261 0.0067 0.2570 7 4 to 9 a,c 

1995 1,988,746.8 63.9 32,194 2 0.0141 0.0053 0.3788 3 2 to 5 a 

1996 1,917,979.1 61.8 33,897 6 0.0553 0.0183 0.3300 11 6 to 18 a 

1997 1,901,588.1 58.9 30,148 5 0.0390 0.0106 0.2727 7 5 to 12 a 

1998 1,715,831.4 62.1 27,734 4 0.0489 0.0191 0.3913 10 4 to 15 a,c 

1999 1,506,099.6 68.5 23,732 2 0.0320 0.0174 0.5450 5 2 to 10 b 

2000 1,661,213.8 70.1 27,132 3 0.0189 0.0023 0.1195 4 3 to 4 a,c,d 

2001 1,845,796.4 72.5 26,797 2 0.0157 0.0062 0.3928 3 2 to 6 a 
45 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) (continued) 

 Area 670 

1997 57,322.0 52.6 571 0 - - - 2 - c 

1998 59,909.3 78.1 1,113 1 0.2839 0.1822 0.6416 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 710 

1992 97,916.3 71.2 1,499 1 0.2035 0.1437 0.7063 2 1 to 5 b 

1994 135,615.8 52.0 1,328 0 - - - 2 - c 

1996 58,524.7 61.4 610 0 - - - 1 - c 

1997 84,433.4 76.1 1,019 1 0.1264 0.0318 0.2518 1 1 to 2 a 

1998 87,486.4 76.8 1,121 1 0.1143 0 0 1 1 a 

1999 52,429.3 72.8 628 1 0.1907 0.0002 0.0009 1 1 to 2 a

 Area 720 

1997 5,635.0 42.4 44 2 10.7033 8.7365 0.8162 6 2 to 16 b 

Washington, Oregon, and California (all areas combined) 

1992 158,854.4 71.4 2,448 1 0.1255 0.0886 0.7063 2 1 to 5 b 

1994 181,236.6 53.4 1,781 0 - - - 2 - c 

1996 129,920.8 65.2 1,675 0 - - - 1 - c 

1997 147,390.4 65.7 1,634 3 0.4816 0.3345 0.6945 9 3 to 17 b,c 

1998 147,395.7 77.3 2,234 2 0.1832 0.0740 0.4041 3 2 to 5 a 

1999 143,848.4 68.6 1,849 1 0.0695 0.0001 0.0009 1 1 to 2 a 

Unidentified cetaceans g

 Area 513 

1994 294,050.6 68.6 6,176 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 517 

1993 766,492.1 63.8 7,627 1 0.0173 0.0086 0.4963 1 1 to 3 a

 Area 521 

1990 900,127.6 58.4 8,766 1 0.0184 0.0116 0.6302 3 1 to 4 b,c 

1991 589,622.8 54.9 8,043 1 0.0290 0.0187 0.6445 2 1 to 4 b 

2001 415,833.2 86.5 5,014 1 0.0255 0.0060 0.2352 2 1 to 2 a,e 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1990 2,172,601.4 58.0 28,448 1 0.0076 0.0048 0.6302 3 1 to 4 b,c 

1991 2,079,538.3 51.9 31,558 1 0.0082 0.0053 0.6445 2 1 to 4 b 

1993 1,843,180.1 64.0 28,479 1 0.0072 0.0036 0.4963 1 1 to 3 a 

1994 1,873,140.4 63.9 28,717 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 1,693,350.6 76.6 23,652 1 0.0063 0.0015 0.2352 2 1 to 2 a,e 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1990 2,390,503.2 56.8 36,071 1 0.0069 0.0044 0.6302 3 1 to 4 b,c 

1991 2,303,244.6 50.7 37,607 1 0.0074 0.0048 0.6445 2 1 to 4 b 

1993 2,058,671.8 61.3 34,345 1 0.0065 0.0032 0.4963 1 1 to 3 a 

1994 2,071,375.7 61.0 32,872 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 1,845,796.4 72.5 26,797 1 0.0057 0.0013 0.2352 2 1 to 2 a,e 
46 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

Unidentified marine mammals h

 Area 511 

1990 146,318.2 58.8 2,999 1 0.1280 0.0876 0.6838 2 1 to 5 b 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1990 2,172,601.4 58.0 28,448 1 0.0086 0.0059 0.6838 2 1 to 5 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1990 2,390,503.2 56.8 36,071 1 0.0078 0.0054 0.6838 2 1 to 5 b 

All marine mammal species combined

 Area 508 

1993 412.1 24.0 8 0 - - - - -

1994 23.1 51.1 3 0 - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 NF - - - - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 12.6 60.2 1 0 - - - - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 5.2 0 0 - - - ­ - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 509 

1993 374,720.0 62.5 5,804 1 0.0366 0.0183 0.5003 1 1 to 3 a 

1994 514,168.5 66.0 7,910 5 0.1430 0.0373 0.2607 7 5 to 12 a 

1995 612,399.3 66.6 7,703 2 0.0473 0.0187 0.3948 3 2 to 6 a 

1996 508,895.5 61.0 9,801 4 0.1404 0.0569 0.4053 7 4 to 13 a 

1997 482,772.6 58.0 6,866 3 0.0953 0.0335 0.3513 5 3 to 8 a 

1998 516,185.8 64.8 7,480 1 0.0260 0.0131 0.5053 2 1 to 3 a,c 

1999 275,106.0 68.8 4,416 3 0.2155 0.0945 0.4386 7 3 to 12 a,c 

2000 374,475.6 68.6 6,140 1 0.0308 0.0112 0.3633 2 1 to 2 a,c,d 

2001 249,741.8 64.7 4,429 4 0.2416 0.0733 0.3036 6 4 to 10 a

 Area 510 

1989 895,871.1 9.7 2,682 3 0.3624 0.2179 0.6011 34 3 to 71 b,c

 Area 511 

1990 146,318.2 58.8 2,999 2 0.2514 0.1243 0.4943 4 2 to 8 a 

1991 178,115.6 45.0 3,375 1 0.0860 0.0507 0.5895 2 1 to 4 b 

1992 260,875.2 58.2 4,427 2 0.1842 0.1100 0.5971 5 2 to 11 b

 Area 512 

1990 779.4 35.1 21 0 - - - - -

1991 241.1 63.2 7 0 - - - - -

1992 925.5 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1993 25.0 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1994 101.0 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 480.9 0 0 - - - ­ - -
47 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 512 (continued) 

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 NF - - - - - - - -

1999 141.4 0 0 - - - ­ - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 127.7 0 0 - - - ­ - -

 Area 513 

1990 176,529.5 59.5 2,062 0 - - - - -

1991 131,327.6 52.1 2,708 2 0.2512 0.1193 0.4749 4 2 to 7 a,c 

1992 146,316.9 60.8 3,955 7 0.7674 0.1792 0.2336 13 7 to 17 a,c 

1993 138,851.7 65.6 4,175 0 - - - 1 - c 

1994 294,050.6 68.6 6,176 6 0.2977 0.0684 0.2298 13 6 to 13 a,c,d 

1995 215,418.1 68.0 5,213 0 - - - 1 - c 

1996 320,830.4 61.1 4,968 3 0.1564 0.0576 0.3686 8 3 to 9 a,c 

1997 201,887.3 59.7 4,962 1 0.0811 0.0506 0.6232 3 1 to 4 b,c 

1998 144,833.4 65.6 3,244 2 0.2240 0.0988 0.4410 6 2 to 6 a,c,d 

1999 170,833.2 73.3 3,158 1 0.0970 0.0612 0.6309 2 1 to 4 b 

2000 172,982.1 75.0 3,909 3 0.2284 0.0676 0.2960 7 3 to 7 a,c,d 

2001 228,946.9 83.5 4,488 5 0.3253 0.0856 0.2630 7 5 to 12 a

 Area 514 

1990 18,132.1 64.5 736 2 1.8506 0.8158 0.4408 3 2 to 7 a 

1991 129,649.9 56.2 4,259 6 0.8114 0.2374 0.2926 14 6 to 17 a,c 

1992 120,409.9 62.7 4,657 15 1.7699 0.2598 0.1468 25 15 to 28 a,c 

1993 72,109.3 67.3 2,479 4 0.8028 0.2231 0.2779 7 4 to 9 a,e 

1994 28,870.1 50.3 895 2 1.4108 0.7129 0.5053 7 2 to 9 a,c 

1995 32,063.5 63.3 1,002 0 - - - 1 - c 

1996 55,206.7 58.8 1,288 3 0.8823 0.3161 0.3583 6 3 to 9 a,c 

1997 66,131.5 68.0 1,768 4 0.8766 0.2436 0.2779 6 4 to 9 a 

1998 6,459.7 66.8 198 0 - - - - -

1999 26,128.7 75.1 509 0 - - - 1 - c 

2000 10,501.8 79.2 380 0 - - - 1 - c 

2001 7,657.7 71.6 206 1 2.3788 1.5936 0.6699 2 1 to 5 b

 Area 515 

1990 375,928.6 44.6 3,473 5 0.1667 0.0671 0.4023 7 5 to 12 a,c

 Area 516 

1990 13,294.5 43.7 341 0 - - - 1 - c 

1991 16,263.6 46.0 446 0 - - - - -

1992 21,389.4 51.9 562 0 - - - - -

1993 15,226.4 53.4 447 0 - - - - -

1994 31,741.6 51.7 814 0 - - - - -

1995 7,800.7 58.1 314 0 - - - - -

1996 9,750.7 58.7 435 0 - - - - -

1997 3,528.3 55.8 97 0 - - - - -

1998 4,959.6 73.1 172 0 - - - - -

1999 12,776.2 66.3 365 0 - - - - -

2000 27,352.4 66.9 237 0 - - - - -

2001 64,894.7 78.3 1,016 0 - - - - -
48 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued)

 Area 517 

1990 303,749.0 67.8 5,370 3 0.1322 0.0393 0.2971 5 3 to 7 a,c 

1991 396,528.4 43.3 5,880 1 0.0364 0.0202 0.5538 1 1 to 4 b 

1992 524,466.6 63.2 6,476 4 0.0881 0.0178 0.2018 5 4 to 7 a 

1993 766,492.1 63.8 7,627 3 0.0587 0.0266 0.4527 5 3 to 9 a,c 

1994 580,767.3 63.4 7,119 2 0.0485 0.0185 0.3810 3 2 to 5 a 

1995 576,498.4 64.2 8,212 2 0.0442 0.0149 0.3368 3 2 to 5 a 

1996 480,233.6 67.4 7,294 1 0.0263 0.0120 0.4556 2 1 to 3 a,c 

1997 426,600.2 63.7 6,247 4 0.1621 0.0546 0.3366 7 4 to 12 a 

1998 476,976.8 64.3 7,062 6 0.2539 0.0846 0.3334 12 6 to 21 a 

1999 518,061.4 71.0 6,984 1 0.0228 0.0090 0.3928 1 1 to 3 a 

2000 501,934.8 71.0 7,048 3 0.0891 0.0295 0.3313 4 3 to 8 a 

2001 453,898.8 75.7 5,124 0 - - - 2 - c

 Area 518 

1991 323,197.1 57.3 2,632 0 - - - - -

1992 4,783.3 65.7 237 0 - - - - -

1993 2,359.2 31.9 78 0 - - - - -

1994 3,964.7 52.8 91 0 - - - - -

1995 1,814.8 49.0 57 0 - - - - -

1996 1,129.8 97.7 11 0 - - - - -

1997 239.9 92.9 11 0 - - - - -

1998 442.3 56.9 3 0 - - - - -

1999 430.5 76.4 17 0 - - - - -

2000 245.3 45.6 19 0 - - - - -

2001 453.7 19.6 23 0 - - - - -

 Area 519 

1991 144,663.4 46.1 1,711 2 0.3210 0.1718 0.5353 5 2 to 10 b 

1992 106,550.7 67.5 1,163 0 - - - - -

1993 23,469.7 64.7 282 0 - - - - -

1994 55,327.8 56.0 750 0 - - - - -

1995 86,880.2 58.3 941 1 0.1436 0.0640 0.4454 1 1 to 3 a 

1996 72,918.5 62.5 760 1 0.1827 0.0913 0.4998 1 1 to 3 a 

1997 77,114.2 59.7 688 3 0.4563 0.1051 0.2304 4 3 to 6 a 

1998 86,601.1 58.1 884 1 0.3299 0.2649 0.8031 3 1 to 8 b 

1999 7,299.8 60.4 350 0 - - - - -

2000 16,521.4 83.2 293 0 - - - - -

2001 146,223.1 56.3 1,147 1 0.0935 0.0486 0.5199 1 1 to 3 b

 Area 520 

1989 238,169.4 22.7 911 1 0.1992 0.1768 0.8874 5 1 to 14 b

 Area 521 

1990 900,127.6 58.4 8,766 4 0.0864 0.0325 0.3756 11 4 to 14 a,c 

1991 589,622.8 54.9 8,043 7 0.1979 0.0476 0.2407 15 7 to 18 a,c 

1992 558,336.5 57.2 6,596 0 - - - - -

1993 254,165.8 64.0 3,445 2 0.1210 0.0715 0.5912 4 2 to 7 b,c 

1994 192,038.4 60.9 2,452 2 0.1438 0.0534 0.3712 6 2 to 6 a,c,d 

1995 59,844.6 63.7 799 0 - - - 1 - c 
49 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 521 (continued) 

1996 51,494.9 79.3 843 1 0.2845 0.1592 0.5598 1 1 to 4 b 

1997 259,433.0 62.0 2,515 2 0.1004 0.0343 0.3420 3 2 to 5 a 

1998 129,741.3 71.7 2,087 0 - - - - -

1999 216,928.0 84.0 2,657 3 0.2184 0.0814 0.3726 7 3 to 9 a,c,e 

2000 296,931.4 84.4 3,499 3 0.1055 0.0126 0.1195 4 3 to 4 a,c,d 

2001 415,833.2 86.5 5,014 5 0.1455 0.0290 0.1995 8 5 to 9 a,c,e

 Area 522 

1990 86,123.4 54.1 755 0 - - - - -

1991 32,510.5 52.3 616 0 - - - - -

1992 63,139.0 50.2 732 1 0.2544 0.1570 0.6173 2 1 to 4 b

 Area 523 

1993 6,939.6 61.2 115 0 - - - - -

1994 2,204.9 39.1 31 0 - - - - -

1995 230.6 70.6 12 0 - - - - -

1996 471.7 72.2 12 0 - - - - -

1997 276.1 42.8 7 0 - - - - -

1998 2,584.4 34.4 24 0 - - - - -

1999 316.8 79.5 8 0 - - - - -

2000 3,763.7 80.1 41 0 - - - - -

2001 22,358.3 92.0 246 0 - - - - -

 Area 524 

1993 12,845.6 58.0 436 0 - - - - -

1994 5,437.5 66.3 114 0 - - - 1 - c 

1995 43,734.6 70.3 500 0 - - - - -

1996 67,217.1 80.8 685 0 - - - - -

1997 55,842.7 68.1 598 0 - - - - -

1998 16,965.1 82.6 237 0 - - - - -

1999 296.4 98.6 13 0 - - - - -

2000 9,474.8 70.3 222 2 2.7097 0.9038 0.3335 3 2 to 5 a 

2001 5,512.6 84.3 118 0 - - - - -

 Area 530 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 80.4 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1992 NF - - - - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 NF - - - - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 55.9 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -
50 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued)

 Area 540 

1989 35,253.5 6.2 177 3 1.4163 0.8793 0.6208 5 3 to 12 b 

1990 151,619.1 69.1 3,925 4 0.3635 0.0998 0.2746 7 4 to 9 a,c 

1991 137,337.9 63.0 1,881 6 0.7124 0.1810 0.2541 10 6 to 15 a 

1992 132,528.2 75.4 3,441 1 0.1008 0.0505 0.5015 2 1 to 3 a,c

 Area 541 

1993 125,876.0 66.4 2,386 0 - - - - -

1994 95,711.4 71.9 1,461 1 0.1295 0.0571 0.4412 1 1 to 3 a 

1995 57,943.6 67.4 941 0 - - - - -

1996 61,593.9 56.5 951 0 - - - - -

1997 44,395.9 62.7 612 0 - - - - -

1998 31,065.9 77.2 765 0 - - - - -

1999 35,513.8 79.0 788 1 0.3344 0.1329 0.3973 1 1 to 3 a 

2000 34,889.7 74.6 944 0 - - - - -

2001 24,264.0 70.3 619 0 - - - - -

 Area 542 

1993 43,937.5 71.3 1,031 0 - - - - -

1994 53,100.7 48.0 739 1 0.4070 0.2979 0.7320 2 1 to 6 b 

1995 100,157.2 71.4 1,392 1 0.1515 0.0886 0.5848 2 1 to 4 b 

1996 63,953.5 65.3 935 1 0.2606 0.1651 0.6338 2 1 to 4 b 

1997 44,605.2 75.8 589 0 - - - - -

1998 33,783.6 69.1 500 3 1.3048 0.5445 0.4173 4 3 to 9 a 

1999 29,662.1 79.2 500 1 0.4902 0.2767 0.5644 1 1 to 4 b 

2000 32,740.1 83.4 743 1 0.3342 0.0983 0.2942 1 1 to 2 a 

2001 43,701.6 82.8 715 1 0.2816 0.1221 0.4335 1 1 to 3 a

 Area 543 

1993 5,750.2 62.3 166 0 - - - - -

1994 15,632.7 51.1 162 0 - - - - -

1995 24,567.6 67.5 486 0 - - - - -

1996 59,063.3 65.3 885 0 - - - - -

1997 40,816.1 77.2 697 1 0.3232 0.1592 0.4925 3 1 to 3 a,e 

1998 53,439.3 72.2 682 0 - - - - -

1999 28,423.7 83.9 559 2 0.8938 0.2936 0.3285 3 2 to 5 a 

2000 19,654.4 91.3 343 0 - - - - -

2001 29,736.6 79.9 507 0 - - - - -

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 1,169,294.0 12.2 3,770 7 0.3610 0.1728 0.4787 44 7 to 82 a,c 

1990 2,172,601.4 58.0 28,448 20 0.1409 0.0226 0.1604 37 20 to 41 a,c 

1991 2,079,538.3 51.9 31,558 25 0.2063 0.0279 0.1352 50 31 to 55 a,c 

1992 1,939,721.3 61.1 32,246 30 0.2315 0.0269 0.1161 51 34 to 56 a,c 

1993 1,843,180.1 64.0 28,479 10 0.0800 0.0176 0.2200 19 10 to 22 a,c,e 

1994 1,873,140.4 63.9 28,717 19 0.1557 0.0220 0.1412 40 21 to 40 a,c,d 

1995 1,819,353.3 65.8 27,572 6 0.0451 0.0097 0.2159 12 6 to 12 a,c 

1996 1,753,240.7 64.2 28,868 14 0.1298 0.0238 0.1833 27 14 to 31 a,c 

1997 1,703,642.9 62.1 25,657 18 0.1549 0.0216 0.1394 30 19 to 34 a,c,e 
51 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) (continued) 

1998 1,504,106.7 65.7 23,339 13 0.1593 0.0348 0.2187 28 13 to 35 a,c 

1999 1,321,918.0 73.6 20,324 12 0.1414 0.0270 0.1913 23 12 to 26 a,c,e 

2000 1,501,472.6 74.3 23,818 13 0.1090 0.0145 0.1326 22 13 to 22 a,c,d 

2001 1,693,350.6 76.6 23,652 17 0.1414 0.0195 0.1380 28 17 to 31 a,c,e

 Area 610 

1989 26,913.8 2.0 49 0 - - - - -

1990 53,651.4 47.2 1,668 2 0.5015 0.2325 0.4637 3 2 to 6 a 

1991 90,029.0 41.0 1,913 1 0.3034 0.2422 0.7981 3 1 to 8 b 

1992 72,292.6 47.2 1,801 0 - - - - -

1993 44,593.3 35.5 854 0 - - - - -

1994 35,011.6 32.6 491 0 - - - - -

1995 50,513.4 50.4 789 0 - - - - -

1996 45,236.2 36.4 814 1 0.5886 0.4685 0.7960 3 1 to 7 b 

1997 52,356.8 35.2 762 0 - - - - -

1998 50,719.0 35.1 547 2 0.6250 0.2710 0.4336 4 2 to 6 a 

1999 46,989.3 24.1 492 0 - - - - -

2000 45,809.4 22.4 580 0 - - - - -

2001 47,613.9 19.0 423 1 1.1439 0.9917 0.8670 5 1 to 15 b

 Area 620 

1989 31,894.6 6.6 29 0 - - - - -

1990 32,212.2 60.3 1,910 1 0.5216 0.3330 0.6385 2 1 to 4 b 

1991 26,744.0 32.6 729 0 - - - - -

1992 40,291.7 36.3 965 1 0.8771 0.7446 0.8490 4 1 to 10 b 

1993 40,718.9 45.8 1,094 1 0.5395 0.4029 0.7468 2 1 to 6 b 

1994 47,594.1 32.0 952 0 - - - - -

1995 34,265.8 41.5 946 0 - - - - -

1996 47,266.7 34.7 1,490 0 - - - - -

1997 54,895.0 30.5 1,117 0 - - - - -

1998 63,634.7 33.4 1,177 0 - - - - -

1999 53,111.5 38.5 1,025 1 0.5599 0.4568 0.8160 3 1 to 8 b 

2000 22,125.4 29.1 438 0 - - - - -

2001 28,899.3 26.1 494 0 - - - - -

 Area 630 

1989 68,510.5 6.5 184 0 - - - - -

1990 120,270.7 36.9 3,247 0 - - - - -

1991 96,328.2 39.3 3,079 0 - - - - -

1992 112,236.1 36.6 3,209 0 - - - - -

1993 123,497.0 36.5 3,584 1 0.1331 0.0839 0.6300 3 1 to 4 b,c 

1994 103,961.9 33.0 2,400 1 0.3116 0.2581 0.8284 3 1 to 9 b 

1995 76,254.3 39.9 2,615 0 - - - - -

1996 64,925.2 36.0 2,433 0 - - - - -

1997 79,795.6 29.0 2,324 0 - - - - -

1998 86,950.9 35.0 2,552 0 - - - - -
52 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ (R s 

ˆ ) CV L ˆ

A Y %95 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 630 (continued) 

1999 77,237.0 30.3 1,749 0 - - - - -

2000 85,840.9 36.0 2,201 0 - - - - -

2001 70,003.6 33.8 2,160 0 - - - - -

 Area 640 

1989 6,046.4 4.7 69 0 - - - - -

1990 8,945.6 68.9 596 0 - - - - -

1991 8,691.8 40.1 208 0 - - - - -

1992 5,747.5 43.9 236 0 - - - - -

1993 3,950.0 65.7 225 0 - - - - -

1994 10,924.5 37.5 228 0 - - - - -

1995 4,775.2 53.7 232 0 - - - - -

1996 5,782.0 53.4 198 0 - - - - -

1997 6,512.5 42.6 112 0 - - - - -

1998 8,577.5 73.3 108 0 - - - - -

1999 4,523.4 61.8 115 0 - - - - -

2000 4,101.4 39.1 71 0 - - - - -

2001 4,296.7 31.9 66 0 - - - - -

 Area 649 

1992 NF - - - - - - - -

1993 33.3 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 2,987.9 37.4 33 0 - - - - -

1996 804.2 44.1 12 0 - - - - -

1997 1,832.4 26.4 19 0 - - - - -

1998 1,773.8 18.7 11 0 - - - - -

1999 2,215.3 17.8 27 0 - - - - -

2000 1,864.1 33.9 24 0 - - - - -

2001 1,632.4 7.1 2 0 - - - - -

 Area 650 

1989 1,915.4 0 0 - - - - - -

1990 2,822.0 70.5 202 0 - - - - -

1991 1,913.3 71.2 120 0 - - - - -

1992 1,550.5 50.8 66 0 - - - - -

1993 2,699.2 28.0 109 0 - - - - -

1994 743.1 63.6 84 0 - - - - -

1995 596.9 45.8 7 0 - - - - -

1996 710.5 74.7 82 0 - - - - -

1997 2,532.2 53.4 156 0 - - - - -

1998 67.4 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1999 105.1 0 0 - - - ­ - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 659 

1992 NF - - - - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -
53 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 659 (continued) 

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 NF - - - - - - - -

1997 20.7 100.0 1 0 - - - - -

1998 1.3 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 135,280.7 5.5 331 0 - - - - -

1990 217,901.8 44.6 7,623 3 0.2006 0.0755 0.3765 4 3 to 8 a 

1991 223,706.3 39.5 6,049 1 0.1221 0.0975 0.7981 3 1 to 8 b 

1992 232,118.4 40.1 6,277 1 0.1522 0.1293 0.8490 4 1 to 10 b 

1993 215,491.7 38.5 5,866 2 0.1782 0.0900 0.5051 5 2 to 8 a,c 

1994 198,235.3 33.1 4,155 1 0.1634 0.1354 0.8284 3 1 to 9 b 

1995 169,393.5 43.7 4,622 0 - - - - -

1996 164,738.4 36.6 5,029 1 0.1616 0.1287 0.7960 3 1 to 7 b 

1997 197,945.2 31.8 4,491 0 - - - - -

1998 211,724.6 36.0 4,395 2 0.1497 0.0649 0.4336 4 2 to 6 a 

1999 184,181.6 31.7 3,408 1 0.1615 0.1317 0.8160 3 1 to 8 b 

2000 159,741.2 31.2 3,314 0 - - - - -

2001 152,445.8 27.4 3,145 1 0.3573 0.3098 0.8670 5 1 to 15 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 1,304,574.7 11.5 4,101 7 0.3235 0.1549 0.4787 44 7 to 82 a,c 

1990 2,390,503.2 56.8 36,071 23 0.1463 0.0217 0.1480 41 24 to 46 a,c 

1991 2,303,244.6 50.7 37,607 26 0.1981 0.0269 0.1358 53 33 to 58 a,c 

1992 2,171,839.7 58.8 38,523 31 0.2230 0.0277 0.1242 55 36 to 61 a,c 

1993 2,058,671.8 61.3 34,345 12 0.0902 0.0184 0.2034 24 12 to 26 a,c,e 

1994 2,071,375.7 61.0 32,872 20 0.1564 0.0237 0.1517 42 22 to 43 a,c,d 

1995 1,988,746.8 63.9 32,194 6 0.0413 0.0089 0.2159 12 6 to 12 a,c 

1996 1,917,979.1 61.8 33,897 15 0.1325 0.0244 0.1841 31 16 to 35 a,c 

1997 1,901,588.1 58.9 30,148 18 0.1388 0.0193 0.1394 30 19 to 34 a,c,e 

1998 1,715,831.4 62.1 27,734 15 0.1581 0.0316 0.1997 32 16 to 38 a,c 

1999 1,506,099.6 68.5 23,732 13 0.1438 0.0287 0.1995 26 13 to 31 a,c,e 

2000 1,661,213.8 70.1 27,132 13 0.0986 0.0131 0.1326 22 13 to 22 a,c,d 

2001 1,845,796.4 72.5 26,797 18 0.1593 0.0312 0.1961 33 18 to 41 a,c,e

 Area 670 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 18.1 46.4 8 0 - - - - -

1991 6,427.1 46.4 64 0 - - - - -

1992 42,021.1 71.1 670 0 - - - - -

1993 10,595.9 34.9 84 0 - - - - -

1994 45,583.2 57.8 453 0 - - - - -

1995 8,667.2 58.9 100 0 - - - - -

1996 61,619.3 74.1 1,000 0 - - - 1 - c 
54 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 670 (continued) 

1997 57,322.0 52.6 571 0 - - - 2 - c 

1998 59,909.3 78.1 1,113 3 0.6896 0.2242 0.3251 4 3 to 7 a 

1999 91,419.1 66.1 1,221 0 - - - 2 - c 

2000 50,754.0 80.8 922 2 0.4690 0.1419 0.3025 2 2 to 4 a 

2001 16,988.6 97.9 416 0 - - - - -

 Area 710 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 3,861.5 49.0 73 0 - - - - -

1991 67,173.5 52.9 843 0 - - - - -

1992 97,916.3 71.2 1,499 1 0.2035 0.1437 0.7063 2 1 to 5 b 

1993 88,131.0 70.3 1,038 0 - - - - -

1994 135,615.8 52.0 1,328 1 0.1774 0.1356 0.7641 5 1 to 7 b,c 

1995 93,934.3 56.0 1,106 0 - - - - -

1996 58,524.7 61.4 610 1 0.3193 0.2184 0.6842 5 1 to 5 b,c,d 

1997 84,433.4 76.1 1,019 1 0.1264 0.0318 0.2518 2 1 to 2 a,c,d 

1998 87,486.4 76.8 1,121 2 0.3644 0.1842 0.5055 3 2 to 7 a 

1999 52,429.3 72.8 628 2 0.4064 0.0734 0.1806 2 2 to 3 a 

2000 71,494.9 80.4 1,085 2 0.3042 0.0636 0.2091 3 2 to 3 a,c,d 

2001 76,196.0 96.4 1,540 0 - - - - -

 Area 720 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 858.7 73.4 16 0 - - - - -

1991 72,701.7 46.0 791 0 - - - - -

1992 18,901.1 72.6 276 0 - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 37.7 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1995 1,116.3 44.6 8 0 - - - - -

1996 9,776.8 32.6 65 0 - - - 1 - c 

1997 5,635.0 42.4 44 2 10.7033 8.7365 0.8162 8 2 to 16 b,c 

1998 NF - - - - - - - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 311.8 100.0 9 0 - - - - -

2001 8,944.5 91.0 161 1 1.1180 0 0 1 - a

 Area 730 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 65,957.8 53.4 918 0 - - - 1 - c 

1992 15.9 100.0 3 0 - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 NF - - - - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 NF - - - - - - - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -
55 

Table 3.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

Number of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent of hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued)

 Area 740 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 0.8 100.0 17 0 - - - - -

1992 NF - - - - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 NF - - - - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 NF - - - - - - - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

Washington, Oregon, and California (all areas combined) 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 4,738.4 53.4 97 0 - - - - -

1991 212,260.8 50.5 2,633 0 - - - 1 - c 

1992 158,854.4 71.4 2,448 1 0.1255 0.0886 0.7063 2 1 to 5 b 

1993 98,727.0 66.5 1,122 0 - - - - -

1994 181,236.6 53.4 1,781 1 0.1328 0.1014 0.7641 5 1 to 7 b,c 

1995 103,717.8 56.1 1,214 0 - - - - -

1996 129,920.8 65.2 1,675 1 0.1438 0.0984 0.6842 7 1 to 7 b,c,d 

1997 147,390.4 65.7 1,634 3 0.4816 0.3345 0.6945 12 3 to 17 b,c 

1998 147,395.7 77.3 2,234 5 0.4966 0.1423 0.2866 7 5 to 12 a 

1999 143,848.4 68.6 1,849 2 0.1481 0.0268 0.1806 4 2 to 4 a,c,d 

2000 122,560.7 80.6 2,016 4 0.3716 0.0695 0.1870 5 4 to 7 a,c 

2001 102,129.0 96.2 2,117 1 0.0979 0 0 1 1 a 

NF = No trawl fishing. 

a The estimated lower 95% confidence level was less than the number of animals reported by U.S. observers; the 

number of marine mammals monitored in hauls was used as a substitute. b The estimated lower 95% confidence level was less than zero; the number of marine mammals monitored in hauls 

was used as a substitute. 

Reported bycatch occurred only in the nonsampled hauls of observed cruises. d The estimated upper 95% confidence level was less than the adjusted estimated bycatch; the latter was used as a 

substitute. e The number of animals reported killed (or with serious injuries or trailing gear) during fishing operations by 

observers from both sampled and unmonitored hauls exceeded the estimated bycatch in some component strata; 

the number reported dead was used as a substitute in those particular strata. f Includes pinnipeds that may belong to one of the identified species. g Includes cetaceans that may belong to one of the identified species. h Includes animals that may belong to any one of the identified marine mammal species. 

c 
56

Table 4.--Number of marine mammals, by species, incidentally caught by trawl vessels of the joint venture (JV) 

groundfish fisheries (countries combined a) in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in the Bering Sea, Gulf 

of Alaska, and off Washington, Oregon, and California, 1989-1990, reported by U.S. fishery observers, 

including an estimation of the total incidental mortality by area and year. Catch rates are the ratio ( R

 )  and standard error ( s R( ) ) of the observed incidental take of marine mammals killed (or seriously injured) 

monitored during fishing operations to the observed groundfish catch (per 10,000 metric tons [t] basis). 

The coefficient of variation (CV) of the catch rate is also listed. Estimated mortality of marine mammals 

as bycatch is the adjusted ratio estimate ( Yˆ 

A ) and its 95% confidence interval (L95%). 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent JV hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)

 Area 520 

1989 116,375.2 46.1 1,218 1 0.1947 0.1457 0.7479 2 1 to 6 b 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 540,006.2 57.2 9,764 1 0.0420 0.0314 0.7479 2 1 to 6 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 540,037.3 57.2 9,766 1 0.0420 0.0314 0.7479 2 1 to 6 b 

Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus)

 Area 510 

1989 412,075.1 60.6 8,438 3 0.1116 0.0399 0.3578 6 3 to 8 c,d

 Area 520 

1989 116,375.2 46.1 1,218 1 0.1947 0.1461 0.7504 2 1 to 6 b 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 540,006.2 57.2 9,764 4 0.1271 0.0438 0.3447 8 4 to 12 c,d 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 540,037.3 57.2 9,766 4 0.1271 0.0438 0.3447 8 4 to 12 c,d 

Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)

 Area 510 

1990 133,617.4 43.5 2,526 1 0.1424 0.0979 0.6880 2 1 to 5 b 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1990 133,617.4 43.5 2,526 1 0.1424 0.0979 0.6880 2 1 to 5 b 

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)

 Area 510 

1989 412,075.1 60.6 8,438 1 0.0644 0.0508 0.7882 3 1 to 7 b 
57 

Table 4.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent JV hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) (continued) 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 540,006.2 57.2 9,764 1 0.0492 0.0388 0.7882 3 1 to 7 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 540,037.3 57.2 9,766 1 0.0492 0.0388 0.7882 3 1 to 7 b 

Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)

 Area 510 

1989 412,075.1 60.6 8,438 1 0.0378 0.0227 0.5995 2 1 to 4 b 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 540,006.2 57.2 9,764 1 0.0289 0.0173 0.5995 2 1 to 4 b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 540,037.3 57.2 9,766 1 0.0289 0.0173 0.5995 2 1 to 4 b 

Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens)

 Area 710 

1990 102,014.8 69.9 4,091 0 - - - 8 - d 

Washington, Oregon, and California (all areas combined) 

1990 172,081.1 62.8 5,439 0 - - - 8 - d 

Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli)

 Area 710 

1990 102,014.8 69.9 4,091 1 0.1374 0.0736 0.5354 1 1 to 3 b

 Area 720 

1989 100,553.3 58.5 2,739 1 0.1393 0.0745 0.5348 1 1 to 3 b 

1990 61,628.2 51.0 1,030 0 - - - 2 - d 

Washington, Oregon, and California (all areas combined) 

1989 204,809.9 66.4 7,285 1 0.0684 0.0366 0.5348 1 1 to 3 b 

1990 172,081.1 62.8 5,439 1 0.0815 0.0436 0.5354 3 1 to 3 b,d,e 

Unidentified cetaceans f

 Area 710 

1990 102,014.8 69.9 4,091 0 - - - 2 - d 
58 

Table 4.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent JV hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

Unidentified cetaceans f (continued) 

Washington, Oregon, and California (all areas combined) 

1990 172,081.1 62.8 5,439 0 - - - 2 - d 

All marine mammal species combined

 Area 510 

1989 412,075.1 60.6 8,438 5 0.2139 0.0685 0.3202 11 5 to 15 c,d 

1990 133,617.4 43.5 2,526 1 0.1424 0.0979 0.6880 2 1 to 5 b

 Area 520 

1989 116,375.2 46.1 1,218 2 0.3895 0.2063 0.5297 4 2 to 10 b 

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 530 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 540 

1989 11,555.9 46.0 108 0 - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 540,006.2 57.2 9,764 7 0.2471 0.0686 0.2776 15 7 to 21 c,d 

1990 133,617.4 43.5 2,526 1 0.1424 0.0979 0.6880 2 1 to 5 b

 Area 610 

1989 31.1 100.0 2 0 - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 620 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 630 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 640 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 650 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 31.1 100.0 2 0 - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -
c 

59 

Table 4.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent JV hauls mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 540,037.3 57.2 9,766 7 0.2471 0.0686 0.2776 15 7 to 21 c,d 

1990 133,617.4 43.5 2,526 1 0.1424 0.0979 0.6880 2 1 to 5 b

 Area 670 

1989 8,055.5 80.5 385 0 - - - - -

1990 6,588.9 62.7 220 0 - - - - -

 Area 710 

1989 94,213.0 73.8 4,136 0 - - - - -

1990 102,014.8 69.9 4,091 1 0.1374 0.0736 0.5354 11 1 to 11 b,d,e

 Area 720 

1989 100,553.3 58.5 2,739 1 0.1393 0.0745 0.5348 1 1 to 3 b 

1990 61,628.2 51.0 1,030 0 - - - 2 - d

 Area 730 

1989 1,988.2 55.3 25 0 - - - - -

1990 1,849.2 61.7 98 0 - - - - -

 Area 740 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

Washington, Oregon, and California (all areas combined) 

1989 204,809.9 66.4 7,285 1 0.0684 0.0366 0.5348 1 1 to 3 b 

1990 172,081.1 62.8 5,439 1 0.0815 0.0436 0.5354 13 1 to 13 b,d,e 

NF = No joint venture trawl fishing. 

a The U.S. joint venture groundfish fisheries in Alaska and the North Pacific during 1989 and 1990 were with the 

following countries: the People's Republic of China, Iceland, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Poland, and the 

former Soviet Union (Russia). b The estimated lower 95% confidence level was less than zero; the number of marine mammals monitored in hauls 

was used as a substitute. 

The estimated lower 95% confidence level was less than the number of animals reported by U.S. observers; the 

number of marine mammals monitored in hauls was used as a substitute. d Reported bycatch occurred only in the nonsampled hauls of observed cruises. e The estimated upper 95% confidence level was less than the adjusted estimated bycatch; the latter was used as a 

substitute. f Includes cetaceans that may belong to one of the identified species. 
60

Table 5.--Number of marine mammals, by species, incidentally caught by longline vessels of the domestic 

groundfish fishery in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska, 

1989-2001, reported by U.S. fishery observers, including an estimation of the total incidental mortality by  area and year. Catch rates are the ratio ( R (  ) and standard error ( s R) ) of the observed incidental take of 

marine mammals killed (or seriously injured) monitored during fishing operations to the observed 

groundfish catch (per 10,000 metric tons [t] basis). The coefficient of variation (CV) of the catch rate is 

also listed. Estimated mortality of marine mammals as bycatch is the adjusted ratio estimate ( Yˆ 

A ) and its 

95% confidence interval (L95%). 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of longline of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus)

 Area 521 

1993 43,375.1 29.4 3,040 1 0.8473 0.7225 0.8527 4 1 to 10 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1993 103,077.9 26.2 8,331 1 0.3565 0.3040 0.8527 4 1 to 10 a

 Area 630 

1995 11,921.1 13.8 747 1 23.5821 23.2748 0.9870 28 1 to 83 a

 Area 650 

1990 7,367.6 2.6 47 1 37.5234 36.9446 0.9846 28 1 to 83 a 

2000 5,544.6 8.8 188 1 10.8508 9.8951 0.9119 6 1 to 17 a 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1990 31,771.6 20.4 2,268 1 8.7014 8.5672 0.9846 28 1 to 81 a 

1995 37,447.0 17.1 2,468 1 7.5072 7.4094 0.9870 28 1 to 83 a 

2000 34,883.9 13.5 1,538 1 1.7247 1.5728 0.9119 6 1 to 17 a 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1990 96,431.3 55.4 7,390 1 2.8669 2.8227 0.9846 28 1 to 81 a 

1993 145,797.0 22.0 10,746 1 0.2521 0.2149 0.8527 4 1 to 10 a 

1995 170,850.6 24.4 11,205 1 1.6454 1.6240 0.9870 28 1 to 83 a 

2000 172,700.3 32.1 13,856 1 0.3484 0.3177 0.9119 6 1 to 17 a 

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)

 Area 524 

1993 2,228.9 29.8 115 1 16.9706 0 0 4 - b 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1993 103,077.9 26.2 8,331 1 0.3670 0 0 4 - b

 Area 640 

1995 4,218.2 16.5 318 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 650 

1995 6,452.8 4.9 180 1 51.9617 54.7412 1.0535 34 1 to 104 a 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1995 37,447.0 17.1 2,468 1 8.9539 9.4329 1.0535 35 1 to 103 a,c 
61 

Table 5.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of longline of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) (continued) 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1993 145,797.0 22.0 10,746 1 0.2594 0 0 4 - b 

1995 170,850.6 24.4 11,205 1 1.9625 2.0675 1.0535 35 1 to 103 a,c 

Ribbon seal (Phoca fasciata)

 Area 521 

2001 51,519.7 31.9 3,931 1 0.5847 0.4786 0.8185 3 1 to 8 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

2001 143,194.4 29.9 12,914 1 0.2104 0.1722 0.8185 3 1 to 8 a 

Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris)

 Area 630 

1990 12,969.8 25.6 1,297 1 4.7233 4.3320 0.9172 7 1 to 18 a,c 

1993 13,493.7 10.8 850 1 5.8633 5.5223 0.9418 8 1 to 23 a 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1990 31,771.6 20.4 2,268 1 1.9281 1.7684 0.9172 7 1 to 18 a,c 

1993 42,719.1 11.8 2,415 1 1.8520 1.7443 0.9418 8 1 to 23 a 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1990 96,431.3 55.4 7,390 1 0.6353 0.5826 0.9172 7 1 to 18 a,c 

1993 145,797.0 22.0 10,746 1 0.5427 0.5111 0.9418 8 1 to 23 a 

Unidentified pinnipeds d

 Area 509 

1995 15,878.6 24.7 966 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 516 

1999 2,438.2 36.4 177 1 6.2859 3.6659 0.5832 2 1 to 4 a

 Area 524 

2001 2,884.8 30.5 319 1 10.3529 8.3830 0.8097 3 1 to 8 a

 Area 540 

1992 27,757.7 40.6 2,902 1 0.9682 0.7709 0.7962 3 1 to 7 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1992 129,967.6 33.6 10,748 1 0.2068 0.1646 0.7962 3 1 to 7 a 

1995 133,403.6 26.5 8,737 0 - - - 1 - c 

1999 123,607.8 32.1 9,801 1 0.1240 0.0723 0.5832 2 1 to 4 a 

2001 143,194.4 29.9 12,914 1 0.2086 0.1689 0.8097 3 1 to 8 a 
62 

Table 5.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of longline of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Unidentified pinnipeds d (continued) 

 Area 630 

1995 11,921.1 13.8 747 1 4.5043 4.0002 0.8881 5 1 to 15 a 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1995 37,447.0 17.1 2,468 1 1.4339 1.2734 0.8881 5 1 to 15 a 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1992 176,585.3 28.0 13,356 1 0.1522 0.1212 0.7962 3 1 to 7 a 

1995 170,850.6 24.4 11,205 1 0.3143 0.2791 0.8881 6 1 to 15 a,c 

1999 156,282.4 27.9 11,155 1 0.0981 0.0572 0.5832 2 1 to 4 a 

2001 172,371.8 26.7 14,503 1 0.1733 0.1403 0.8097 3 1 to 8 a 

Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)

 e 

 Area 640 

1997 2,278.3 18.6 173 1 12.1777 9.9498 0.8171 3 1 to 8 a 

2000 2,333.8 31.4 272 1 9.5728 7.1809 0.7501 2 1 to 6 a 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1997 31,944.8 13.6 1,502 1 0.8685 0.7096 0.8171 3 1 to 8 a 

2000 34,883.9 13.5 1,538 1 0.6404 0.4804 0.7501 2 1 to 6 a 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1997 193,223.5 28.1 11,082 1 0.1436 0.1173 0.8171 3 1 to 8 a 

2000 172,700.3 32.1 13,856 1 0.1294 0.0970 0.7501 2 1 to 6 a 

Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens)

 Area 513 

1995 10,759.1 27.7 465 1 3.4105 2.9128 0.8541 4 1 to 10 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1995 133,403.6 26.5 8,737 1 0.2751 0.2349 0.8541 4 1 to 10 a 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1995 170,850.6 24.4 11,205 1 0.2148 0.1834 0.8541 4 1 to 10 a 

Killer whale (Orcinus orca)

 Area 517 

1995 19,761.0 26.9 1,235 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 521 

1999 41,927.7 32.8 2,912 1 0.5641 0.4280 0.7587 2 1 to 6 a 
63 

Table 5.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of longline of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Killer whale (Orcinus orca) (continued) 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1995 133,403.6 26.5 8,737 0 - - - 1 - c 

1999 123,607.8 32.1 9,801 1 0.1913 0.1452 0.7587 2 1 to 6 a

 Area 610 

1991 3,404.8 41.0 415 0 - - - 1 - c 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1991 30,513.2 14.6 1,648 0 - - - 1 - c 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1991 130,640.7 43.7 7,330 0 - - - 1 - c 

1995 170,850.6 24.4 11,205 0 - - - 1 - c 

1999 156,282.4 27.9 11,155 1 0.1513 0.1148 0.7587 2 1 to 6 a 

Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli)

 Area 517 

1994 17,732.5 28.6 1,175 1 2.1754 1.8756 0.8622 4 1 to 11 a 

1999 19,700.3 34.4 1,551 0 - - - 1 - c

 Area 521 

1995 59,726.7 25.3 3,338 1 0.6723 0.5827 0.8667 4 1 to 11 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1994 113,159.0 26.1 8,600 1 0.3409 0.2939 0.8622 4 1 to 11 a 

1995 133,403.6 26.5 8,737 1 0.3010 0.2609 0.8667 4 1 to 11 a 

1999 123,607.8 32.1 9,801 0 - - - 1 - c 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1994 145,549.5 21.9 9,568 1 0.2650 0.2285 0.8622 4 1 to 11 a 

1995 170,850.6 24.4 11,205 1 0.2350 0.2037 0.8667 4 1 to 11 a 

1999 156,282.4 27.9 11,155 0 - - - 1 - c 

All marine mammal species combined

 Area 508 

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 0.7 100.0 1 0 - - - - -

1996 21.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 6.6 40.0 2 0 - - - - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -
64 

Table 5.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of longline of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ (R s 

ˆ ) CV L ˆ

A Y %95 

All marine mammal species combined

 Area 509 

1993 4,619.0 28.5 604 0 - - - - -

1994 9,325.5 25.3 654 0 - - - - -

1995 15,878.6 24.7 966 0 - - - 1 - c 

1996 17,744.1 33.0 1,561 0 - - - - -

1997 24,931.2 31.4 1,655 0 - - - - -

1998 13,453.8 30.2 1,067 0 - - - - -

1999 18,656.7 32.0 1,709 0 - - - - -

2000 18,251.1 32.8 1,451 0 - - - - -

2001 18,861.7 24.4 1,533 0 - - - - -

 Area 510 

1989 3,625.2 0 0 - - - - - -

 Area 511 

1990 435.7 21.2 27 0 - - - - -

1991 57.3 29.2 11 0 - - - - -

1992 3,422.9 26.4 273 0 - - - - -

 Area 512 

1990 34.4 6.5 2 0 - - - - -

1991 2.3 100.0 3 0 - - - - -

1992 1,001.4 34.0 168 0 - - - - -

1993 22.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1994 3.8 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 26.7 0 0 - - - - - -

1996 185.4 42.3 35 0 - - - - -

1997 29.5 29.0 9 0 - - - - -

1998 25.4 14.3 1 0 - - - - -

1999 304.7 18.6 31 0 - - - - -

2000 4.2 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 1,357.6 28.2 179 0 - - - - -

 Area 513 

1990 486.0 36.8 32 0 - - - - -

1991 137.7 15.4 9 0 - - - - -

1992 5,253.2 26.1 396 0 - - - - -

1993 1,605.2 32.3 79 0 - - - - -

1994 5,586.2 29.5 356 0 - - - - -

1995 10,759.1 27.7 465 1 3.4105 2.9128 0.8541 4 1 to 10 a 

1996 16,781.6 28.5 769 0 - - - - -

1997 13,245.8 33.8 668 0 - - - - -

1998 9,924.8 33.8 510 0 - - - - -

1999 16,612.0 32.9 924 0 - - - - -

2000 11,933.9 34.4 804 0 - - - - -

2001 13,651.5 30.8 987 0 - - - - -

 Area 514 

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 8.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1992 NF - - - - - - - -
65 

Table 5.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of longline of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ (R s 

ˆ ) CV L ˆ

A Y %95 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 514 (continued) 

1993 6.8 0 0 - - - - - -

1994 23.3 18.6 1 0 - - - - -

1995 21.4 13.7 1 0 - - - - -

1996 15.5 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 55.6 34.2 1 0 - - - - -

1999 34.0 48.1 16 0 - - - - -

2000 8.6 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 121.4 5.1 5 0 - - - - -

 Area 515 

1990 2,673.4 42.3 377 0 - - - - -

 Area 516 

1990 44.2 4.3 1 0 - - - - -

1991 14.3 68.1 5 0 - - - - -

1992 322.6 26.1 67 0 - - - - -

1993 54.3 41.8 9 0 - - - - -

1994 14.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 199.6 26.3 13 0 - - - - -

1996 530.8 15.3 24 0 - - - - -

1997 754.2 22.0 51 0 - - - - -

1998 710.5 26.6 35 0 - - - - -

1999 2,438.2 36.4 177 1 6.2859 3.6659 0.5832 2 1 to 4 a 

2000 605.9 26.4 42 0 - - - - -

2001 3,108.7 29.6 192 0 - - - - -

 Area 517 

1990 8,171.9 53.6 652 0 - - - - -

1991 11,854.6 33.0 449 0 - - - - -

1992 16,162.1 27.0 1,287 0 - - - - -

1993 7,584.7 25.3 532 0 - - - - -

1994 17,732.5 28.6 1,175 1 2.1754 1.8756 0.8622 4 1 to 11 a 

1995 19,761.0 26.9 1,235 0 - - - 1 - c 

1996 17,955.1 28.5 1,099 0 - - - - -

1997 21,685.5 31.4 1,325 0 - - - - -

1998 23,592.3 34.2 1,934 0 - - - - -

1999 19,700.3 34.4 1,551 0 - - - 1 - c 

2000 27,247.0 36.1 2,275 0 - - - - -

2001 19,516.9 31.2 1,923 0 - - - - -

 Area 518 

1991 1,062.7 69.9 280 0 - - - - -

1992 1,749.5 32.4 242 0 - - - - -

1993 3,358.5 25.3 405 0 - - - - -

1994 2,415.6 29.5 375 0 - - - - -

1995 3,284.0 30.2 462 0 - - - - -

1996 3,119.2 30.8 424 0 - - - - -

1997 1,544.6 26.1 168 0 - - - - -

1998 1,857.9 28.8 245 0 - - - - -
66 

Table 5.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of longline of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ (R s 

ˆ ) CV L ˆ

A Y %95 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 518 (continued) 

1999 2,618.5 34.3 360 0 - - - - -

2000 2,019.9 41.2 364 0 - - - - -

2001 2,283.6 30.7 282 0 - - - - -

 Area 519 

1991 2,076.8 23.2 183 0 - - - - -

1992 2,112.1 20.9 186 0 - - - - -

1993 2,262.7 21.4 235 0 - - - - -

1994 1,745.4 19.7 199 0 - - - - -

1995 3,660.2 29.2 323 0 - - - - -

1996 1,434.8 24.3 136 0 - - - - -

1997 2,228.8 19.5 172 0 - - - - -

1998 1,267.3 24.5 144 0 - - - - -

1999 907.9 20.6 114 0 - - - - -

2000 2,327.1 31.0 238 0 - - - - -

2001 1,361.6 17.8 115 0 - - - - -

 Area 520 

1989 11,327.2 0 0 - - - - - -

 Area 521 

1990 43,425.3 80.0 3,077 0 - - - - -

1991 66,371.2 54.1 3,123 0 - - - - -

1992 64,915.5 34.0 4,637 0 - - - - -

1993 43,375.1 29.4 3,040 1 0.8473 0.7225 0.8527 4 1 to 10 a 

1994 55,632.2 24.6 3,443 0 - - - - -

1995 59,726.7 25.3 3,338 1 0.6723 0.5827 0.8667 4 1 to 11 a 

1996 47,779.3 23.9 2,832 0 - - - - -

1997 71,510.7 30.3 3,594 0 - - - - -

1998 59,218.0 33.7 3,722 0 - - - - -

1999 41,927.7 32.8 2,912 1 0.5641 0.4280 0.7587 2 1 to 6 a 

2000 45,324.6 37.4 3,623 0 - - - - -

2001 51,519.7 31.9 3,931 1 0.5847 0.4786 0.8185 3 1 to 8 a

 Area 522 

1990 6,143.5 76.1 327 0 - - - - -

1991 11,139.1 60.3 501 0 - - - - -

1992 7,251.2 31.3 590 0 - - - - -

 Area 523 

1993 5,004.3 26.7 338 0 - - - - -

1994 5,765.4 27.9 379 0 - - - - -

1995 8,895.1 28.2 599 0 - - - - -

1996 5,909.3 23.2 351 0 - - - - -

1997 8,006.2 29.9 480 0 - - - - -

1998 7,012.3 32.3 511 0 - - - - -

1999 5,578.4 26.0 386 0 - - - - -

2000 4,341.9 39.9 409 0 - - - - -

2001 3,025.5 28.2 309 0 - - - - -
67 

Table 5.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of longline of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ (R s 

ˆ ) CV L ˆ

A Y %95 

All marine mammal species combined (continued)

 Area 524 

1993 2,228.9 29.8 115 1 16.9706 0 0 4 4 b 

1994 2,854.3 27.4 151 0 - - - - -

1995 1,534.0 25.7 63 0 - - - - -

1996 2,078.8 25.1 91 0 - - - - -

1997 5,969.1 35.7 269 0 - - - - -

1998 2,613.6 35.1 210 0 - - - - -

1999 2,586.6 36.7 185 0 - - - - -

2000 1,551.6 66.7 157 0 - - - - -

2001 2,884.8 30.5 319 1 10.3529 8.3830 0.8097 3 1 to 8 a

 Area 530 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 NF - - - - - - - -

1992 19.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 1.5 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 NF - - - - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 NF - - - - - - - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 0.1 0 0 - - - - - -

 Area 540 

1989 3,377.0 0 0 - - - - - -

1990 3,245.2 53.5 627 0 - - - - -

1991 7,402.8 64.7 1,118 0 - - - - -

1992 27,757.7 40.6 2,902 1 0.9682 0.7709 0.7962 3 1 to 7 a

 Area 541 

1993 22,934.9 16.4 1,532 0 - - - - -

1994 7,021.3 25.3 1,023 0 - - - - -

1995 7,361.2 30.4 960 0 - - - - -

1996 6,794.0 32.0 924 0 - - - - -

1997 8,092.5 29.8 836 0 - - - - -

1998 11,678.2 36.0 1,351 0 - - - - -

1999 6,621.3 25.5 759 0 - - - - -

2000 8,160.9 39.1 1,138 0 - - - - -

2001 6,511.8 28.7 950 0 - - - - -

 Area 542 

1993 4,155.8 35.6 739 0 - - - - -

1994 4,424.1 32.2 680 0 - - - - -

1995 2,026.1 34.4 297 0 - - - - -

1996 2,544.7 22.8 362 0 - - - - -

1997 3,242.2 38.0 353 0 - - - - -
68 

Table 5.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of longline of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ (R s 

ˆ ) CV L ˆ

A Y %95 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 542 (continued) 

1998 6,100.4 47.6 780 0 - - - - -

1999 5,120.1 29.0 659 0 - - - - -

2000 7,676.3 47.4 1,239 0 - - - - -

2001 4,196.9 34.9 815 0 - - - - -

 Area 543 

1993 5,865.5 32.2 703 0 - - - - -

1994 613.9 25.8 164 0 - - - - -

1995 269.3 12.5 14 0 - - - - -

1996 684.5 15.2 54 0 - - - - -

1997 38.5 0 0 - - - - - -

1998 1,260.5 38.0 121 0 - - - - -

1999 501.4 12.8 18 0 - - - - -

2000 8,363.3 29.0 578 0 - - - - -

2001 14,792.7 28.1 1,374 0 - - - - -

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 18,329.4 0 0 - - - - - -

1990 64,659.7 72.6 5,122 0 - - - - -

1991 100,127.4 52.6 5,682 0 - - - - -

1992 129,967.6 33.6 10,748 1 0.2068 0.1646 0.7962 3 1 to 7 a 

1993 103,077.9 26.2 8,331 2 0.7235 0.3040 0.4202 8 2 to 14 b 

1994 113,159.0 26.1 8,600 1 0.3409 0.2939 0.8622 4 1 to 11 a 

1995 133,403.6 26.5 8,737 2 0.5761 0.3511 0.6094 10 2 to 17 a,c 

1996 123,578.4 27.0 8,662 0 - - - - -

1997 161,278.7 31.0 9,580 0 - - - - -

1998 138,777.2 34.0 10,634 0 - - - - -

1999 123,607.8 32.1 9,801 2 0.3153 0.1622 0.5143 5 2 to 8 a,c 

2000 137,816.4 36.7 12,318 0 - - - - -

2001 143,194.4 29.9 12,914 2 0.4189 0.2412 0.5757 6 2 to 13 a

 Area 610 

1989 5,518.9 0 0 - - - - - -

1990 4,351.7 40.0 375 0 - - - - -

1991 3,404.8 41.0 415 0 - - - 1 - c 

1992 10,733.0 27.0 1,049 0 - - - - -

1993 8,393.7 17.3 469 0 - - - - -

1994 4,810.4 13.2 209 0 - - - - -

1995 10,555.7 31.3 1,052 0 - - - - -

1996 7,693.0 23.4 556 0 - - - - -

1997 8,216.0 23.5 553 0 - - - - -

1998 7,686.9 22.6 418 0 - - - - -

1999 9,303.2 20.8 539 0 - - - - -

2000 8,042.4 21.8 479 0 - - - - -

2001 7,247.7 18.0 543 0 - - - - -

 Area 620 

1989 2,428.0 0 0 - - - - - -

1990 2,227.7 30.5 266 0 - - - - -

1991 3,195.8 30.1 296 0 - - - - -
69 

Table 5.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of longline of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ (R s 

ˆ ) CV L ˆ

A Y %95 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 620 (continued) 

1992 4,602.0 24.0 438 0 - - - - -

1993 4,034.8 26.8 481 0 - - - - -

1994 2,526.7 28.5 249 0 - - - - -

1995 1,363.9 30.9 169 0 - - - - -

1996 1,998.2 29.4 180 0 - - - - -

1997 1,438.7 25.6 142 0 - - - - -

1998 2,253.4 41.9 199 0 - - - - -

1999 1,325.0 18.7 72 0 - - - - -

2000 1,411.3 37.3 144 0 - - - - -

2001 1,440.3 20.7 136 0 - - - - -

 Area 630 

1989 9,529.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1990 12,969.8 25.6 1,297 1 4.7233 4.3320 0.9172 7 1 to 18 a,c 

1991 12,869.4 9.2 521 0 - - - - -

1992 15,571.1 7.0 719 0 - - - - -

1993 13,493.7 10.8 850 1 5.8633 5.5223 0.9418 8 1 to 23 a 

1994 10,340.2 6.6 362 0 - - - - -

1995 11,921.1 13.8 747 2 28.0863 23.6160 0.8408 33 2 to 89 a 

1996 10,644.5 12.3 608 0 - - - - -

1997 12,077.3 10.4 477 0 - - - - -

1998 12,277.0 7.9 343 0 - - - - -

1999 13,369.7 8.5 437 0 - - - - -

2000 14,957.9 8.1 455 0 - - - - -

2001 11,752.9 6.9 460 0 - - - - -

 Area 640 

1989 6,976.8 0 0 - - - - - -

1990 4,854.9 11.3 283 0 - - - - -

1991 4,437.2 17.2 357 0 - - - - -

1992 5,874.5 10.8 350 0 - - - - -

1993 5,944.1 16.6 563 0 - - - - -

1994 4,955.7 5.6 131 0 - - - - -

1995 4,218.2 16.5 318 0 - - - 1 - c 

1996 2,978.9 22.3 310 0 - - - - -

1997 2,278.3 18.6 173 1 12.1777 9.9498 0.8171 3 1 to 8 a 

1998 2,179.6 19.6 192 0 - - - - -

1999 1,811.1 17.8 133 0 - - - - -

2000 2,333.8 31.4 272 1 9.5728 7.1809 0.7501 2 1 to 6 a 

2001 2,040.7 23.7 254 0 - - - - -

 Area 649 

1992 533.8 0 0 - - - - - -

1993 591.3 2.0 9 0 - - - - -

1994 338.2 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 449.1 0.3 2 0 - - - - -

1996 124.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 244.8 0 0 - - - - - -

1998 233.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1999 352.5 0 0 - - - - - -
70 

Table 5.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of longline of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ (R s 

ˆ ) CV L ˆ

A Y %95 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 649 (continued) 

2000 203.2 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 144.0 0 0 - - - - - -

 Area 650 

1989 7,084.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1990 7,367.6 2.6 47 1 37.5234 36.9446 0.9846 28 1 to 83 a 

1991 6,606.1 2.2 59 0 - - - - -

1992 7,004.9 0.9 52 0 - - - - -

1993 6,597.6 0.8 42 0 - - - - -

1994 7,897.5 0.2 17 0 - - - - -

1995 6,452.8 4.9 180 1 51.9617 54.7412 1.0535 34 1 to 104 a 

1996 5,976.2 7.5 209 0 - - - - -

1997 4,669.0 7.6 156 0 - - - - -

1998 4,768.2 8.2 184 0 - - - - -

1999 4,234.7 7.4 172 0 - - - - -

2000 5,544.6 8.8 188 1 10.8508 9.8951 0.9119 6 1 to 17 a 

2001 4,514.1 7.7 194 0 - - - - -

 Area 659 

1992 2,298.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1993 3,663.9 0 1 0 - - - - -

1994 1,521.7 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 2,486.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1996 2,608.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 3,020.7 0 1 0 - - - - -

1998 3,066.4 0.1 2 0 - - - - -

1999 2,278.3 0 1 0 - - - - -

2000 2,390.7 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 2,037.6 0 2 - - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 31,537.9 0 0 - - - - - -

1990 31,771.6 20.4 2,268 2 10.6295 8.7478 0.8230 35 2 to 89 a,c 

1991 30,513.2 14.6 1,648 0 - - - 1 - c 

1992 46,617.7 12.4 2,608 0 - - - - -

1993 42,719.1 11.8 2,415 1 1.8520 1.7443 0.9418 8 1 to 23 a 

1994 32,390.5 7.2 968 0 - - - - -

1995 37,447.0 17.1 2,468 3 17.8951 12.0624 0.6741 68 3 to 156 a,c 

1996 32,027.4 15.0 1,863 0 - - - - -

1997 31,944.8 13.6 1,502 1 0.8685 0.7096 0.8171 3 1 to 8 a 

1998 32,465.1 13.8 1,338 0 - - - - -

1999 32,674.6 12.1 1,354 0 - - - - -

2000 34,883.9 13.5 1,538 2 2.3651 1.6445 0.6953 8 2 to 20 a 

2001 29,177.4 11.1 1,589 0 - - - - -

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 49,867.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1990 96,431.3 55.4 7,390 2 3.5022 2.8822 0.8230 35 2 to 89 a,c 

1991 130,640.7 43.7 7,330 0 - - - 1 - c 

1992 176,585.3 28.0 13,356 1 0.1522 0.1212 0.7962 3 1 to 7 a 
L 

71 

Table 5.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of longline of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ (R s 

ˆ ) CV ˆ

A Y %95 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Alaska (all areas combined) (continued) 

1993 145,797.0 22.0 10,746 3 1.0542 0.5545 0.5260 16 3 to 32 a 

1994 145,549.5 21.9 9,568 1 0.2650 0.2285 0.8622 4 1 to 11 a 

1995 170,850.6 24.4 11,205 5 4.3721 2.6580 0.6080 78 5 to 164 a,c 

1996 155,605.7 24.6 10,525 0 - - - - -

1997 193,223.5 28.1 11,082 1 0.1436 0.1173 0.8171 3 1 to 8 a 

1998 171,242.8 30.2 11,972 0 - - - - -

1999 156,282.4 27.9 11,155 2 0.2494 0.1283 0.5143 5 2 to 8 a,c 

2000 172,700.3 32.1 13,856 2 0.4777 0.3322 0.6953 8 2 to 20 a 

2001 172,371.8 26.7 14,503 2 0.3480 0.2004 0.5757 6 2 to 13 a 

NF = No longline fishing. 

a The estimated lower 95% confidence level was less than zero; the number of marine mammals monitored in hauls 

was used as a substitute. b The estimated lower 95% confidence level was less than the number of animals reported by U.S. observers; the 

number of marine mammals monitored in hauls was used as a substitute. c 

d 

Reported bycatch occurred only in the nonsampled hauls of observed cruises. 

Includes pinnipeds that may belong to one of the identified species. e No sperm whales have been observed killed by any type of groundfish fishery gear in Alaska. These estimates 

were based solely on one animal in each of two years which was observed caught and released with trailing 

longline gear; these takes were classified as serious injuries. 
72

Table 6.--Number of marine mammals, by species, incidentally caught by pot fishery vessels of the domestic 

groundfish fishery in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska, 

1989-2001, reported by U.S. fishery observers, including an estimation of the total incidental mortality by  area and year. Catch rates are the ratio ( R (  ) and standard error ( s R) ) of the observed incidental take of 

marine mammals killed (or seriously injured) monitored during fishing operations to the observed 

groundfish catch (per 10,000 metric tons [t] basis). The coefficient of variation (CV) of the catch rate is 

also listed. Estimated mortality of marine mammals as bycatch is the adjusted ratio estimate ( Yˆ 

A ) and its 

95% confidence interval (L95%). 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent pot sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)

 Area 512 

1995 271.7 56.6 36 1 113.4541 91.0995 0.8030 3 1 to 9 a

 Area 540 

1992 6,743.0 44.5 1,952 0 - - - 1 - b 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1992 15,039.6 32.5 3,669 0 - - - 1 - b 

1995 21,407.2 19.5 3,099 1 1.4399 1.1562 0.8030 3 1 to 8 a

 Area 610 

1998 1,938.0 7.2 92 1 8.0322 5.1998 0.6474 2 1 to 4 a

 Area 630 

1995 9,891.4 5.6 543 0 - - - 1 - b 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1995 16,412.2 7.7 999 0 - - - 1 - b 

1998 12,133.8 6.1 422 1 1.2829 0.8305 0.6474 2 1 to 4 a 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1992 25,378.4 23.0 4,688 0 - - - 1 - b 

1995 37,819.4 14.4 4,098 1 0.8150 0.6544 0.8030 4 1 to 8 a,b 

1998 26,708.8 10.7 1,424 1 0.5828 0.3773 0.6474 2 1 to 4 a 

Unidentified phocids c

 Area 542 

1999 780.7 27.2 231 1 17.6515 9.0324 0.5117 1 1 to 3 a 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1999 17,631.2 16.2 1,856 1 0.7816 0.4000 0.5117 1 1 to 3 a 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1999 37,158.6 10.7 2,562 1 0.3709 0.1898 0.5117 1 1 to 3 a 
73 

Table 6.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent pot sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n) in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Unidentified baleen whales d

 Area 513 

1998 899.5 27.6 61 0 - - - 1 - b 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1998 14,575.0 14.6 1,002 0 - - - 1 - b 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1998 26,708.8 10.7 1,424 0 - - - 1 - b 

Sea otter (Enhydra lutris)

 Area 540 

1992 6,743.0 44.5 1,952 8 26.0409 6.6577 0.2557 18 8 to 27 e 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1992 15,039.6 32.5 3,669 8 11.6753 2.9849 0.2557 18 8 to 27 e 

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1992 25,378.4 23.0 4,688 8 6.9190 1.7689 0.2557 18 8 to 27 e 

All marine mammal species combined

 Area 508 

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 71.3 50.4 13 0 - - - - -

1996 31.7 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 NF - - - - - - - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 21.7 0 0 - - - ­ - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 509 

1993 306.5 37.9 79 0 - - - - -

1994 2,380.4 19.2 315 0 - - - - -

1995 4,072.1 17.1 488 0 - - - - -

1996 8,890.1 12.0 680 0 - - - - -

1997 5,396.0 17.9 547 0 - - - - -

1998 3,041.5 15.6 244 0 - - - - -

1999 2,589.5 16.4 226 0 - - - - -

2000 4,817.7 7.1 138 0 - - - - -

2001 2,801.3 7.9 110 0 - - - - -

 Area 510 

1989 89.1 0 0 - - - ­ - -
74 

Table 6.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Species Total Percent 

Number 

of 

pot sets 

Number 

of marine 

mammals 

Bycatch rate 

(per 10,000 metric tons) 

Estimated bycatch 

(number of marine mammals) 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued)

 Area 511 

1990 603.8 39.8 150 0 - - - - -

1991 877.7 20.6 69 0 - - - - -

1992 1,623.5 44.6 529 0 - - - - -

 Area 512 

1990 13.0 42.2 4 0 - - - - -

1991 NF - - - - - - - -

1992 NF - - - - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 271.7 56.6 36 1 113.4541 91.0995 0.8030 3 1 to 9 a 

1996 858.1 5.0 62 0 - - - - -

1997 132.1 1.3 5 0 - - - - -

1998 9.1 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 513 

1990 191.1 50.1 117 0 - - - - -

1991 1.7 5.5 1 0 - - - - -

1992 1,551.0 5.7 149 0 - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 0.6 74.1 6 0 - - - - -

1995 17.4 38.7 4 0 - - - - -

1996 59.4 0.7 2 0 - - - - -

1997 117.9 2.7 3 0 - - - - -

1998 899.5 27.6 61 0 - - - 1 - b 

1999 305.4 12.1 27 0 - - - - -

2000 909.1 16.6 42 0 - - - - -

2001 849.3 21.9 47 0 - - - - -

 Area 514 

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 10.2 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1992 38.0 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 0.2 77.8 2 0 - - - - -

1995 2.6 47.6 2 0 - - - - -

1996 21.6 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1997 3.7 40.9 1 0 - - - - -

1998 NF - - - - - - - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 515 

1990 490.4 33.6 174 0 - - - - -
75 

Table 6.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent pot sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued)

 Area 516 

1990 1.6 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1991 29.4 97.3 17 0 - - - - -

1992 12.4 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 9.2 72.9 7 0 - - - - -

1996 1,250.9 33.2 164 0 - - - - -

1997 223.1 11.6 24 0 - - - - -

1998 52.7 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1999 6.7 29.6 1 0 - - - - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 0.3 0 0 - - - ­ - -

 Area 517 

1990 299.4 21.4 79 0 - - - - -

1991 555.0 45.1 111 0 - - - - -

1992 671.1 50.3 203 0 - - - - -

1993 299.7 68.4 89 0 - - - - -

1994 640.8 38.7 210 0 - - - - -

1995 2,624.8 27.6 568 0 - - - - -

1996 2,250.8 31.4 503 0 - - - - -

1997 2,473.0 33.3 273 0 - - - - -

1998 686.8 26.6 134 0 - - - - -

1999 1,240.3 26.6 197 0 - - - - -

2000 3,538.6 12.2 225 0 - - - - -

2001 2,039.5 21.5 129 0 - - - - -

 Area 518 

1991 215.8 6.3 25 0 - - - - -

1992 784.5 22.3 240 0 - - - - -

1993 341.9 24.8 93 0 - - - - -

1994 430.5 32.6 71 0 - - - - -

1995 609.8 22.8 116 0 - - - - -

1996 1,021.0 17.6 136 0 - - - - -

1997 332.7 14.8 85 0 - - - - -

1998 296.9 10.0 30 0 - - - - -

1999 700.5 15.3 90 0 - - - - -

2000 376.1 18.3 87 0 - - - - -

2001 58.6 2.0 8 0 - - - - -

 Area 519 

1991 1,993.7 24.0 227 0 - - - - -

1992 2,673.7 15.9 405 0 - - - - -

1993 1,278.8 37.4 368 0 - - - - -

1994 4,934.5 27.5 787 0 - - - - -

1995 12,419.1 13.7 1,275 0 - - - - -

1996 13,761.1 15.5 1,263 0 - - - - -

1997 13,541.6 13.9 706 0 - - - - -

1998 8,449.3 12.2 441 0 - - - - -
76 

Table 6.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent pot sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 519 (continued) 

1999 7,342.2 10.9 467 0 - - - - -

2000 6,836.4 6.6 280 0 - - - - -

2001 8,079.8 12.4 535 0 - - - - -

 Area 520 

1989 56.9 0 0 - - - ­ - -

 Area 521 

1990 259.3 34.8 93 0 - - - - -

1991 102.4 29.3 65 0 - - - - -

1992 920.4 14.3 175 0 - - - - -

1993 5.3 100.0 15 0 - - - - -

1994 180.0 32.4 40 0 - - - - -

1995 166.8 43.6 49 0 - - - - -

1996 878.9 16.0 119 0 - - - - -

1997 396.1 43.9 101 0 - - - - -

1998 350.5 21.8 39 0 - - - - -

1999 508.3 19.6 24 0 - - - - -

2000 355.2 30.9 61 0 - - - - -

2001 1,916.2 9.9 64 0 - - - - -

 Area 522 

1990 30.2 77.1 22 0 - - - - -

1991 8.7 43.3 5 0 - - - - -

1992 22.1 36.9 16 0 - - - - -

 Area 523 

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 119.6 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1997 1.3 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1998 NF - - - - - - - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 <0.1 100.0 3 - - - - - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 524 

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 NF - - - - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 304.1 1.7 9 0 - - - - -

1999 556.4 6.5 20 0 - - - - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 1,497.8 30.3 65 0 - - - - -
77 

Table 6.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Species Total Percent 

Number 

of 

pot sets 

Number 

of marine 

mammals 

Bycatch rate 

(per 10,000 metric tons) 

Estimated bycatch 

(number of marine mammals) 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued)

 Area 530 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 NF - - - - - - - -

1992 NF - - - - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 NF - - - - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 NF - - - - - - - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 540 

1989 27.3 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1990 0.3 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1991 

1992 

3,307.9 

6,743.0 

43.9 

44.5 

400 

1,952 

0 

8 

-

26.0409 

-

6.6577 

-

0.2557 

-

19 

-

8 to 27 b,e

 Area 541 

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 158.8 1.9 6 0 - - - - -

1995 655.3 49.1 218 0 - - - - -

1996 4,359.7 25.1 704 0 - - - - -

1997 474.7 15.0 14 0 - - - - -

1998 198.9 5.9 14 0 - - - - -

1999 2,235.2 18.2 420 0 - - - - -

2000 2,758.1 8.8 251 0 - - - - -

2001 281.3 39.2 212 0 - - - - -

 Area 542 

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 39.9 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1995 487.1 66.2 323 0 - - - - -

1996 434.3 5.9 23 0 - - - - -

1997 123.0 55.7 16 0 - - - - -

1998 285.8 22.0 30 0 - - - - -

1999 780.7 27.2 231 1 17.6515 9.0324 0.5117 1 1 to 3 a 

2000 394.9 17.4 54 0 - - - - -

2001 89.5 61.0 39 0 - - - - -

 Area 543 

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 554.9 11.5 58 0 - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 NF - - - - - - - -
78 

Table 6.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent pot sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 543 (continued) 

1999 1,366.0 29.7 153 0 - - - - -

2000 224.2 14.9 11 0 - - - - -

2001 387.9 25.9 138 0 - - - - -

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 173.3 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1990 1,889.2 36.2 639 0 - - - - -

1991 7,102.4 34.4 920 0 - - - - -

1992 15,039.6 32.5 3,669 8 11.6753 2.9849 0.2557 19 8 to 27 b,e 

1993 2,232.1 39.8 644 0 - - - - -

1994 8,765.7 25.8 1,437 0 - - - - -

1995 21,407.2 19.5 3,099 1 1.4399 1.1562 0.8030 3 1 to 8 a 

1996 34,492.0 17.0 3,714 0 - - - - -

1997 23,215.2 17.5 1,775 0 - - - - -

1998 14,575.0 14.6 1,002 0 - - - 1 - b 

1999 17,631.2 16.2 1,856 1 0.7816 0.4000 0.5117 1 1 to 3 a 

2000 20,232.1 9.4 1,152 0 - - - - -

2001 18,001.6 15.3 1,347 0 - - - - -

 Area 610 

1989 102.7 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1990 168.4 5.1 4 0 - - - - -

1991 1,097.8 4.8 15 0 - - - - -

1992 800.1 11.7 65 0 - - - - -

1993 687.6 5.0 29 0 - - - - -

1994 1,275.1 0.6 8 0 - - - - -

1995 2,720.5 11.5 145 0 - - - - -

1996 1,828.2 4.6 79 0 - - - - -

1997 1,308.9 10.7 57 0 - - - - -

1998 1,938.0 7.2 92 1 8.0322 5.1998 0.6474 2 1 to 4 a 

1999 2,963.6 8.3 111 0 - - - - -

2000 4,992.9 2.5 49 0 - - - - -

2001 3,138.2 8.7 187 0 - - - - -

 Area 620 

1989 17.0 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1990 638.8 41.0 226 0 - - - - -

1991 3,312.4 8.3 133 0 - - - - -

1992 1,905.2 13.8 286 0 - - - - -

1993 2,441.3 10.6 154 0 - - - - -

1994 1,407.8 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 3,258.0 8.7 249 0 - - - - -

1996 3,336.1 4.7 101 0 - - - - -

1997 1,942.5 0.5 18 0 - - - - -

1998 4,033.8 6.1 61 0 - - - - -

1999 8,468.1 6.1 296 0 - - - - -

2000 3,754.2 13.5 218 0 - - - - -

2001 2,184.6 2.3 42 0 - - - - -
79 

Table 6.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Species Total Percent 

Number 

of 

pot sets 

Number 

of marine 

mammals 

Bycatch rate 

(per 10,000 metric tons) 

Estimated bycatch 

(number of marine mammals) 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued)

 Area 630 

1989 290.6 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1990 6,642.1 9.7 604 0 - - - - -

1991 6,199.2 10.7 696 0 - - - - -

1992 7,374.8 7.7 660 0 - - - - -

1993 6,013.4 3.9 143 0 - - - - -

1994 

1995 

5,502.1 

9,891.4 

7.5 

5.6 

213 

543 

0 

0 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1 

-

- b 

1996 7,071.2 4.4 240 0 - - - - -

1997 6,020.0 3.2 172 0 - - - - -

1998 5,999.8 5.8 269 0 - - - - -

1999 7,744.2 4.1 289 0 - - - - -

2000 8,910.8 6.8 443 0 - - - - -

2001 2,469.7 4.3 152 0 - - - - -

 Area 640 

1989 0.1 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 3.9 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1992 74.4 23.1 8 0 - - - - -

1993 605.9 14.4 36 0 - - - - -

1994 528.1 32.1 214 0 - - - - -

1995 5.8 56.4 8 0 - - - - -

1996 113.7 9.5 18 0 - - - - -

1997 88.5 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1998 20.5 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 143.9 0 0 - - - ­ - -

2001 3.0 0.3 2 0 - - - - -

 Area 649 

1992 184.2 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1993 189.3 22.5 6 0 - - - - -

1994 632.3 8.1 29 0 - - - - -

1995 536.5 18.4 54 0 - - - - -

1996 89.3 8.7 14 0 - - - - -

1997 318.3 5.9 8 0 - - - - -

1998 131.2 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1999 299.6 10.4 10 0 - - - - -

2000 77.3 0 0 - - - ­ - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 650 

1989 4.9 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 0.2 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1992 NF - - - - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -
80 

Table 6.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent pot sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 650 (continued) 

1996 NF - - - - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 NF - - - - - - - -

1999 7.6 0 0 - - - ­ - -

2000 NF - - - - - - - -

2001 0.3 6.4 1 0 - - - - -

 Area 659 

1992 <0.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 <0.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1996 NF - - - - - - - -

1997 5.9 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1998 10.6 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1999 44.2 0 0 - - - ­ - -

2000 39.6 0 0 - - - ­ - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 415.3 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1990 7,449.2 12.3 834 0 - - - - -

1991 10,613.5 9.3 844 0 - - - - -

1992 10,338.8 9.1 1,019 0 - - - - -

1993 9,937.5 6.6 368 0 - - - - -

1994 9,345.5 6.8 464 0 - - - - -

1995 16,412.2 7.7 999 0 - - - 1 - b 

1996 12,438.5 4.6 452 0 - - - - -

1997 9,684.0 3.7 255 0 - - - - -

1998 12,133.8 6.1 422 1 1.2829 0.8305 0.6474 2 1 to 4 a 

1999 19,527.4 5.7 706 0 - - - - -

2000 17,918.7 6.9 710 0 - - - - -

2001 7,795.9 5.5 384 0 - - - - -

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 588.6 0 0 - - - ­ - -

1990 9,338.4 17.1 1,473 0 - - - - -

1991 17,715.9 19.4 1,764 0 - - - - -

1992 25,378.4 23.0 4,688 8 6.9190 1.7689 0.2557 19 8 to 27 b,e 

1993 12,169.7 12.7 1,012 0 - - - - -

1994 18,111.1 16.0 1,901 0 - - - - -

1995 37,819.4 14.4 4,098 1 0.8150 0.6544 0.8030 4 1 to 8 a,b 

1996 46,930.5 13.7 4,166 0 - - - - -

1997 32,899.3 13.5 2,030 0 - - - - -

1998 26,708.8 10.7 1,424 1 0.5828 0.3773 0.6474 3 1 to 4 a,b 

1999 37,158.6 10.7 2,562 1 0.3709 0.1898 0.5117 1 1 to 3 a 

2000 38,150.8 8.2 1,862 0 - - - - -

2001 25,797.5 12.3 1,731 0 - - - - -
c 

81 

Table 6.--Continued. 

NF = No fishing with pots. 

a The estimated lower 95% confidence level was less than zero; the number of marine mammals monitored in hauls 

was used as a substitute. b Reported bycatch occurred only in the nonsampled hauls of observed cruises. 

The observed, unidentified phocid may have been a harbor seal, but the canine tooth specimen did not appear to 

be a typical harbor seal tooth. If it was not a harbor seal, then it would be the first known occurrence of another 

phocid species caught by pot fishing gear in the groundfish fisheries in Alaska. d An unidentified baleen whale with trailing gear is the only cetacean known to have been impacted by pot gear in 

Alaska during 1989-2001. e The estimated lower 95% confidence level was less than the number of animals reported by U.S. observers; the 

number of marine mammals monitored in hauls was used as a substitute. 
82

Table 7.--Number of marine mammals, by species, incidentally caught by jig fishery vessels of the domestic 

groundfish fishery in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska, 

1989-2001, reported by U.S. fishery observers, including an estimation of the total incidental mortality by  area and year. Catch rates are the ratio ( R (  ) and standard error ( s R) ) of the observed incidental take of 

marine mammals killed (or seriously injured) monitored during fishing operations to the observed 

groundfish catch (per 10,000 metric tons [t] basis). The coefficient of variation (CV) of the catch rate is 

also listed. Estimated mortality of marine mammals as bycatch is the adjusted ratio estimate ( Yˆ 

A ) and its 

95% confidence interval (L95%). 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent jig sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

( Year (t) observed (n ˆ ) in hauls Rˆ R s ) CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli)

 Area 517 

1995 0.6 100.0 1 1 16,393.443 0 0 1 1 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1995 616.2 0.1 1 1 16.229 0 0 1 -

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1995 1,217.1 0.1 1 1 8.216 0 0 1 -

All marine mammal species combined

 Area 508 

1993 NF - -

1994 NF - -

1995 NF - -

1996 NF - -

1997 NF - -

1998 5.0 0 0 

1999 NF - -

2000 NF - -

2001 NF - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - ­

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

 Area 509 

1993 NF - -

1994 NF - -

1995 NF - -

1996 0.8 0 0 

1997 NF - -

1998 NF - -

1999 NF - -

2000 NF - -

2001 6.5 0 0 

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - ­

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - ­

Area 510 [No jig fishing in this area during 1989] 

Area 511 [No jig fishing in this area during 1990-1992] 

Area 512 [No jig fishing in this area during 1990-2001] 

Area 513 [No jig fishing in this area during 1990-2001] 
83 

Table 7.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent jig sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

( Year (t) observed (n ˆ ) in hauls R ˆ R s ) CV Y ˆ

A L %95 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 514 [No jig fishing in this area during 1990-2001] 

Area 515 [No jig fishing in this area during 1990] 

Area 516 [No jig fishing in this area during 1990-2001] 

 Area 517 

1990 NF - -

1991 NF - -

1992 NF - -

1993 NF - -

1994 3.4 100.0 2 

1995 0.6 100.0 1 

1996 NF - -

1997 NF - -

1998 NF - -

1999 NF - -

2000 NF - -

2001 NF - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

0 - - - - -

1 16,393.443 0 0 1 1 

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

 Area 518 

1991 NF - -

1992 NF - -

1993 NF - -

1994 28.6 0 0 

1995 NF - -

1996 7.7 0 0 

1997 NF - -

1998 NF - -

1999 NF - -

2000 NF - -

2001 2.6 0 0 

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - ­

- - - - - -

- - - - - ­

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - ­

 Area 519 

1991 NF - -

1992 0.7 0 0 

1993 2.4 0 0 

1994 807.6 1.0 7 

1995 615.6 0 0 

1996 264.3 0 0 

1997 200.5 0 0 

1998 191.0 0 0 

1999 100.1 0 0 

2000 39.0 0.1 5 

2001 45.4 0 0 

- - - - - -

- - - - - ­

- - - - - ­

0 - - - - -

- - - - - ­

- - - - - ­

- - - - - ­

- - - - - ­

- - - - - ­

0 - - - - -

- - - - - ­

Area 520 [No jig fishing in this area during 1989] 

Area 521 [No jig fishing in this area during 1990-2001] 
84 

Table 7.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent jig sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 522 [No jig fishing in this area during 1990-1992] 

Area 523 [No jig fishing in this area during 1993-2001] 

Area 524 [No jig fishing in this area during 1993-2001] 

Area 530 [No jig fishing in this area during 1989-2001] 

Area 540 [No jig fishing in this area during 1989-1992] 

 Area 541 

1993 32.5 0 0 - - - - - -

1994 2.8 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 0.5 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 NF - - - - - - - -

1999 71.8 0 0 - - - - - -

2000 31.2 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 19.1 0 0 - - - - - -

 Area 542 

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 NF - - - - - - - -

1995 NF - - - - - - - -

1996 NF - - - - - - - -

1997 NF - - - - - - - -

1998 NF - - - - - - - -

1999 NF - - - - - - - -

2000 3.4 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

Area 543 [No jig fishing in this area during 1993-2001] 

Bering Sea (all areas combined) 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 NF - - - - - - - -

1992 0.7 0 0 - - - - - -

1993 34.9 0 0 - - - - - -

1994 842.3 1.4 9 0 - - - - -

1995 616.2 0.1 1 1 16.229 0 0 1 -

1996 273.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 200.5 0 0 - - - - - -

1998 196.0 0 0 - - - - - -

1999 172.0 0 0 - - - - - -

2000 73.7 0 5 0 - - - - -

2001 73.7 0 0 - - - - - -
85 

Table 7.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent jig sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued)

 Area 610 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 34.8 0 0 - - - - - -

1992 60.7 0 0 - - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 81.5 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 72.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1996 266.0 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 73.5 0 0 - - - - - -

1998 67.4 0 0 - - - - - -

1999 64.9 0 0 - - - - - -

2000 56.9 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 210.7 0 0 - - - - - -

 Area 620 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 116.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1992 3.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 14.5 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 1.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1996 46.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 32.0 0 0 - - - - - -

1998 60.9 0 0 - - - - - -

1999 13.4 0 0 - - - - - -

2000 44.8 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 39.8 0 0 - - - - - -

 Area 630 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 0.9 0 0 - - - - - -

1991 363.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1992 410.3 0.2 34 0 - - - - -

1993 113.2 0 0 - - - - - -

1994 267.2 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 441.2 0 0 - - - - - -

1996 224.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 191.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1998 109.8 0 0 - - - - - -

1999 89.7 0 0 - - - - - -

2000 149.8 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 103.7 0 0 - - - - - -

 Area 640 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 NF - - - - - - - -

1991 2.7 0 0 - - - - - -

1992 1.2 0 0 - - - - - -
86 

Table 7.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent jig sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Area 640 (continued) 

1993 NF - - - - - - - -

1994 9.9 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 21.2 0 0 - - - - - -

1996 13.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 0.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1998 1.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1999 27.4 0 0 - - - - - -

2000 0.1 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 0.2 0 0 - - - - - -

 Area 649 

1992 2.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1993 4.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1994 0.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 4.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1996 2.0 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 12.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1998 14.2 0 0 - - - - - -

1999 6.9 0 0 - - - - - -

2000 0.6 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 NF - - - - - - - -

 Area 650 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 0.2 0 0 - - - - - -

1991 18.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1992 17.2 0 0 - - - - - -

1993 13.9 0 0 - - - - - -

1994 44.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 57.9 0 0 - - - - - -

1996 45.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 29.0 0 0 - - - - - -

1998 30.0 0 0 - - - - - -

1999 23.9 0 0 - - - - - -

2000 21.3 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 11.4 0 0 - - - - - -

 Area 659 

1992 0.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1993 7.7 0 0 - - - - - -

1994 4.7 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 2.6 0 0 - - - - - -

1996 16.4 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 2.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1998 1.7 0 0 - - - - - -

1999 0.5 0 0 - - - - - -

2000 1.1 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 0.4 0 0 - - - - - -
87 

Table 7.--Continued. 

Groundfish Marine mammals 

Number Number Bycatch rate Estimated bycatch 

of of marine (per 10,000 metric tons) (number of marine mammals) 

Species Total Percent jig sets mammals 

Area catch of catch observed monitored 

Year (t) observed (n ) in hauls R ˆ )ˆ (R s CV Y ˆ

A %95 L 

All marine mammal species combined (continued) 

Gulf of Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 1.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1991 536.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1992 495.9 0.2 34 0 - - - - -

1993 138.9 0 0 - - - - - -

1994 422.7 0 0 - - - - - -

1995 600.9 0 0 - - - - - -

1996 613.7 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 340.2 0 0 - - - - - -

1998 285.3 0 0 - - - - - -

1999 226.8 0 0 - - - - - -

2000 274.6 0 0 - - - - - -

2001 366.2 0 0 - - - - - -

Alaska (all areas combined) 

1989 NF - - - - - - - -

1990 1.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1991 536.1 0 0 - - - - - -

1992 496.6 0.2 34 0 - - - - -

1993 173.8 0 0 - - - - - -

1994 1,265.0 0.9 9 0 - - - - -

1995 1,217.1 0.1 1 1 8.216 0 0 1 -

1996 887.0 0 0 - - - - - -

1997 540.7 0 0 - - - - - -

1998 481.4 0 0 - - - - - -

1999 398.8 0 0 - - - - - -

2000 348.3 0 5 0 - - - - -

2001 439.9 0 0 - - - - - -

NF = No fishing with jigs. 
, /, . ., ( ( , , . ( , , .. ... , , , ..,. ...

600 1600 1700 1800 1700 1600 

I '


,/ Russia 

55O 

Bering Sea 

"V '­

50o 

543 542 541 

----- 55O


170o I . 

Gult:of Alaska I "


45ON . 

- - - - - - - - ~:- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50o 

North Piicific~ Ocean Nautical Miles 

:50 100 200 300 400 

180o 45O 170o 160o 

Figure 1. Statistical fishing areas in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region used to 

summarize catch and effort data. See Appendix Table 1 for a list of fishery area 

changes that occurred during 1989-2000 by merging and splitting some of these areas. 
,,, ...... \ , \, / \ 

65O 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 

600 Canada 

65~" 

Bering Sea 640 

55O 

I - 630 I -

- - - - - - - - T - - ­

I ­
 620
Gulf of Alaska


610 

500 

500 0 0 " 0 0 " 0 '" 0 '


.. 0.. 00 " 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o !.. 0 000 0.. 0 0 0" 0 0 0 0 0 0 o~ 0 0 0 0 

1700 

North Pacific Ocean! Nautical Mi!~s- 45O 

: 0 
 50100 200 300 490­ 45O 

1600 1500 1400 

Figure 2. Statistical fishing areas in the Gulf of Alaska region used to summarize catch and 

effort data. See Appendix Table 1 for a list of fishery area changes that occurred 

during 1989-2000 by merging and splitting some of these areas. 
, - - .,. 

.,. 

\.,. 

135O 1300 125O 1200 115O

- 

Wasn~ngton 

45O 710 

45O 

Oregon 

" I 

720 

400 

400 1- - ­

730 

North PacifiC Ocean 

35O 

35O 

740 o'C"-

Nautical Miles


50 100
 200

1300 125O 1200 300 115O 

Figure 3. Statistical fishing areas in the North Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Washington, 

Oregon, and California used to summarize catch and effort data. 
,. , ,. ,:. ,,, ........ .... .. .. ,. .. . . .. .. \ .. .. .. ... . .. . .. . .. , .. . . . . ... . \. \. . . . .

1600 1700 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 

600 

1600 

55O N " 

500N " 

1700 

Gulf of Alaska 


, 50o


45O N " 

~orth Pacific ocean. .. Nautical Mil ' 45O 50100 200 300 400 " 

40o N ­

180o 170o 160o 150o 140o 

Figure 4. Locations in the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska where pelagic trawl 

gear was used during fishing operations in the domestic groundfish fishery, 1989-2001. 

Only trawl sets on vessels with observers were included. 
,,.:.. / . ,,. / . , . . . . .. . _, ,.. , . :,

, 

, , \, _

1600 1700 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 

Beaufort Sea 

600 

Non-pelagic trawl sets (1989-2001) 

~~ia , 

1600 

55O N " l. 

500 N " 

1700 E ' 

Gulf of Alaska 


--- 500


45ON . 

u_---

~orth Pacific Ocean. Na~ticalMiles . ' 45O 50100 200 300 400 . 

400 N " u '-u u .. 

1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 

Figure 5. Locations in the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska where non-pelagic 

trawl gear was used during fishing operations in the domestic groundfish fishery, 

1989- 2001. Only trawl sets on vessels with observers were included. 
, 

/ 

.: .. 

/ 

, 

/ ,/ ,

;:

,. , 

...:...

.. , _,

....

!....

... ....

... ... \,

..

, , ... , ... \ 

... 

 . _\, 

\:

1600 1700 1800 1700 1600 1500 W 140oW 130o 120o 

!Beaufort Sea 

60o 

Chukchi:/sea. 

't' 

Joint venture trawl sets (1989-1990) , 65O 

~ssia " 

160o E .' 

. ! Alask \. canad
 55O - 60o 

Bering Sea 

T--

50oN . 

170o 

Gulf of Alaska 


/ 50o


45O N " 7-------

Nautical Miles f';orth Pacific Ocean. ' 45O (, 50100 200 300 400 c. .

40oN " 

180o 170o 160o 150o 140o 

Figure 6. Locations in the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska where trawl gear was 

used during fishing operations in the joint venture groundfish fisheries, 1989- 1990. 

Only trawl sets on vessels with observers were included. 
.. .._, .,._. . ._. .. , , , \ 

... \,. , 

\

 

135O 1300 125O 1200 115O 

Pelagic trawl sets (1990-2001) 

Washingt,on 135O 

45O 45O ----_h ----,- .--­

r--

115O Oregon: 

40o 400 

North Pacific Ocean 

Ca)ifomia 

35O 35O __n . n 

~'t)O 

Nautical Miles 

1qo 200 

30o 30o 

130o 125O 120o 

Figure 7. Locations in the North Pacific Ocean off Washington Oregon, and California where 

pelagic trawl gear was used during fishing operations in the domestic groundfish 

fishery, 1990-2001. Only trawl sets on vessels with observers were included. 
. 

, 

_. _, 

  

, .._, .._,,,,,,,,_.,,,_._

!,_, .___  , , 

\.;,, , . 

_. 

, 

 y 

... , , 

135O 1300 125O 1200 115O 

Non-pelagic trawl sets (1990-1992, 2001) 

135O Washingt,on 

45O N ­ . i 45O 

Oregon 115O 

40o N '­ J., -- -",- --'_n_- _nn__ 

- - c 40o 

North Pacific Ocean 

CaJifomia 

35O N ,.. - n - nn­ - 35O 

Nautical Miles

50 ;100 200 ' 30o
 30o 

130o 125O 120o 

Figure 8. Locations in the North Pacific Ocean off Washington, Oregon, and California where 

non-pelagic trawl gear was used during fishing operations in the domestic groundfish 

fishery, 1990- 1992 and 2001. Only trawl sets on vessels with observers were included. 
._ , , , , ,,. .,._,,_. !: . ,... ,,_. _. . 

135O 1300 125O 1200 115O 

Joint venture trawl sets (1989-1990) 

Washingt,on 

1,- 45O 

45O 

, r--

115O Oregon \ 

40o 

400 

North Pacific Ocean 

C~ifomia 

35O 

35O --_hh_"'__--'----'- ---

~'ODNautical Miles


1qQ 200 

30O 30o 

130o 125O 120o 

Figure 9. Locations in the North Pacific Ocean off Washington, Oregon, and California where 

trawl gear was used during fishing operations in the joint venture groundfish fisheries, 

1989- 1990. Only trawl sets on vessels with observers were included. 
\ 

, / , /., , , ,;:. . . ... ... , ,..

1600 1700 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200


600


~~ia " 

1600


55O N " 

500 N " 

1700


Gulf of Alaska 

45O N " 

Nautical Miles North Pacific Ocean. --- 45O

0 50 :100 200 300 400 
 400 N " '_n 

1800 1700 1600 1500 1400


Figure 10. Locations in the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska where longline gear 

was used during fishing operations in the domestic groundfish fishery, 1989-2001. 

Only longline sets on vessels with observers were included. 
\ , . , / : /, ;. , 

  

.... ,:,.. .... : .. , .

 

..... , 

.. .

. :.. 

, , . ., . . . 

\,

1600 1700 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 

Beaufort sea 

600 Pot sets (1990-2001) '. 65O


~~ia 

1600 E " 

Canada \, 

55O N " " 60o 

Bering Sea 

55O 

50o N ' 

170oE . 

Gulf of Alaska 


. 50o


450 

'"",--,u 

~orth Pacific Ocean, Naulical Miles " 45O 

40oN " " ---... u. --. l~O 

180o 170o 160o 150o 140o 

Figure 11. Locations in the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska where pot gear was 

used during fishing operations in the domestic groundfish fishery, 1990-2001. Only 

pot sets on vessels with observers were included. 
 99 

E

.E

.

. E

E

E

EE

" " E

E

..

""""

E .

.

.

E

EE

E

E

. . .

E

E

.

.

EE

E

.

E E .

. E

.

170°E

180°W

180°W

170°W

170°W

160°W

160°W

50°N

50°N

55°N

55°N

60°N

60°N

65°N

. Northern fur seal

" Sea otter

E Walrus

Russia

Alaska

Bering Sea

North Pacific Ocean

0 100 200 50

Nautical Miles

200

Figure 12. Locations in Alaska where northern fur seals, walruses, and sea otters were 

incidentally taken by domestic and joint venture groundfish fisheries, 1989-2001. 

Only animals which were either killed or seriously injured during fishing operations 

were included. The 200 m depth contour is also indicated. 
, 

100 

130°W 128°W 126°W 124°W 122°W 120°W 118°W 

50°N 

45°N 

40°N 

E 

! 

. E 

X 

" 

X 

_ 

_ 

. 

. 

E 

E 

" 

E 

! 

X 

E 

!" 

! E 

. 

_ 

" _ 

. 

X 

E 

E 

E 

E 

40°N 

45°N 

! 

E 

_ Harbor seal 

" 

X l

. 

0 25 100

l

ifi

British Col

200 

50°N 

California sea lion 

Dall's porpoise 

Northern elephant seal 

Pacific white-sided do phin 

Steller sea lion 

50 

Nautical Mi es 

North Pac c Ocean 

Oregon 

California 

Washington 

umbia 

130°W 128°W 126°W 124°W 122°W 120°W 

Figure 13. 	Locations in the North Pacific Ocean off Washington, Oregon, and California where 

California sea lions, Steller sea lions, harbor seals, northern elephant seals, Pacific 

white-sided dolphins, and Dall's porpoises were incidentally taken by domestic and 

joint venture groundfish fisheries, 1989-2001. Only animals which were either killed 

or seriously injured during fishing operations were included. The 200 m depth 

contour is also indicated. 
 101 

.

.

. . .

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

. . ..

.

.

.

.

. .

.

.

.

.. .

. ....

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.

. .

.

.

.

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.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

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.

. . . .

.

..

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

160°E 170°E

180°W

180°W

170°W

170°W

160°W

160°W 150°W

150°W

140°W

140°W

130°W

50°N

50°N

55°N

55°N

60°N

60°N

65°N

160°E

70°N

0 100 200 300 400 50

Nautical Miles

. Steller sea lion 

North Pacific Ocean

Gulf of Alaska

Bering Sea

Alaska Canada

Russia

Chukchi Sea

200

Figure 14. Locations in the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska where Steller sea 

lions were incidentally taken by domestic and joint venture groundfish fisheries, 

1989-2001. Only animals which were either killed or seriously injured during fishing 

operations were included. The 200 m depth contour is also indicated. 
 102 

. "

" "

#

_

"

E

E

_

E

. _ _

_

_

_

"

"

__

_

E

E

E

E

_

_

_

_

E

.

_#

Y

YY

_

_ #Y

E

_

E

E

_

E

_

.

E

#

.

.

#

_

_

160°E 170°E

180°W

180°W

170°W

170°W

160°W

160°W 150°W

150°W

140°W

140°W

130°W

50°N

50°N

55°N

55°N

60°N

60°N

65°N

160°E

130°W

70°N

0 100 200 300 400 50

Nautical Miles

_ Harbor seal

E Bearded seal

" Northern elephant seal 

# Ribbon seal

. Ringed seal

Y Spotted seal

North Pacific Ocean

Gulf of Alaska

Bering Sea Alaska Canada

Russia

Chukchi Sea

200

Figure 15. Locations in the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska where bearded 

seals, harbor seals, spotted seals, ringed seals, ribbon seals, and northern elephant 

seals were incidentally taken by domestic and joint venture groundfish fisheries, 

1989-2001. Only animals which were either killed or seriously injured during fishing 

operations were included. The 200 m depth contour is also indicated. 
 103 

!

#

!

EE

"

#

[

!

180°W

170°W

170°W

160°W

160°W 150°W

150°W

140°W

55°N

55°N

60°N

60°N

65°N

180°W

" Fin whale

E Humpback whale

[ Minke whale

# Sperm whale

! Unidentified baleen whale 

Bering Sea

Gulf of Alaska

Alaska

0 100 200 50

Nautical Miles

Russia

200

Figure 16. Locations in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska where humpback whales, minke 

whales, fin whales, and sperm whales were incidentally taken by domestic groundfish 

fisheries, 1989-2001. Only animals which were either killed or seriously injured 

during fishing operations were included. The unidentified baleen whales (due to 

limited observation) belonged to one of the three identified species. The 200 m depth 

contour is also indicated. 
 104 


180°W	 170°W 160°W 

60°N 

180°W 

((

E 

E 

( 

E 

( 

X 

E E 

( 

E 

[ 

E 

E 

E 

E 

X 

[ 

( 

E 

E 

E 

E E 

E 

E 

E 

[ 

(E( 

E 

E 

[ 

E 

E 

E 

E 

( 

( 

E 

E 

E 

E [ 

( 

E 

E 

( 

( 

E Dall's porpoise 

[ Harbor porpoise 

( Killer whale 

X Pacific white-sided dolphin 

0 100 200 50 

Nautical Miles 

Bering Sea 

Gulf of Alaska 

Alaska 

North Pacific Ocean 

200	

60°N 

55°N 

55°N 

50°N 

170°W	 160°W 

Figure 17. 	 Locations in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska where Pacific white-sided dolphins, 

killer whales, harbor porpoises, and Dall's porpoises were incidentally taken by 

domestic groundfish fisheries, 1989-2001. Only animals which were either killed or 

seriously injured during fishing operations were included. The 200 m depth contour 

is also indicated. 
0.25 

0.30 

105

 Bycatch rate (sea lions per 10,000 t fish catch)

A B 15 

0 

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

 Non-pelagic trawl sets 

0.00 

 Pelagic trawl sets Non-pelagic trawl sets Pelagic trawl sets 

C D Estimated bycatch of Steller sea lions 10 0.20 

0.15 

0.10 5

0.05 

1,500,000 100 Percent of groundfish catch observed 75 

50 

25 

0 

Groundfish catch (t) 1,000,000 

500,000 

0 

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

 Non-pelagic trawl sets Pelagic trawl sets Non-pelagic trawl sets Pelagic trawl sets 

Figure 18. Incidental take (bycatch) of Steller sea lions by type of trawl gear used in the 

domestic trawl fishery in the Bering Sea, 1996-2001: (A) the bycatch rate (and 

standard error) per 10,000 metric tons of the groundfish catch; (B) the estimated total 

number (and standard error) of Steller sea lions killed or seriously injured; (C) the 

total groundfish catch (metric tons); and (D) the percent of the total groundfish catch 

observed. 
107 

Appendix 1.--List of statistical fishing areas in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the 

Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean by year of analysis, 1989-2001. See 

Figures 1-3 for boundary locations of these areas. 

Statistical 

fishing Analysis Old INPFC 

area years statistical area a Comments 

Area 508 1993-2001 

Area 509 1993-2001 

Area 510 1989 (1990; 

JV only) 

Area 511 1990-1992 

Area 512 1990-2001 

Area 513 1990-2001 

Area 514 1990-2001 

Area 515 1990 

Area 516 1990-2001 

Area 517 1990-2001 

Area 518 1991-2001 

Area 519 1991-2001 

Area 520 1989 (1990; 

JV only) 

Area 521 1990-2001 

Area 522 1990-1992 

Area 523 1993-2001 

Area 524 1993-2001 

Area 530 1989-2001 

Area 540 1989-1992 

Area 541 1993-2001 

Area 542 1993-2001 

Area 543 1993-2001 

Area 610 1989-2001 

Area 620 1989-2001 

Area 630 1989-2001 

Area 640 1989-2001 

Area 649 1992-2001 

Area 650 1989-2001 

Area 659 1992-2001 

-

-

Area-I 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Area-II 

-

-

-

Area-III 

Area-IV 

-

-

-

Shumagin 

Chirikof 

Kodiak 

Yakutat 

-

Southeastern 

-

Bering Sea 

Formerly included in Area 511 

Formerly included in Area 511 

Divided into areas 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, and 

517 in 1990 

Divided into areas 508 and 509 in 1993 

-

-

-

Divided into areas 518 and 519 in 1991 

-

-

Formerly included in Area 515 

Formerly included in Area 515 

Divided into areas 521 and 522 in 1990 

-

Divided into areas 523 and 524 in 1993 

Formerly included in Area 522 

Formerly included in Area 522 

-

Divided into areas 541, 542 and 543 in 1993 

Formerly included in Area 540 

Formerly included in Area 540 

Formerly included in Area 540 

Gulf of Alaska 

-

-

-

-

Prince William Sound area; extracted from areas 630 

and 640 in 1992 

-

Extracted from Area 650 in 1992 
108 

Appendix 1.--Continued. 

Statistical 

fishing Analysis Old INPFC 

area years statistical area a Comments 

Washington, Oregon and California (Northwest Region) 

Area 670 1990-2001 Vancouver -

Area 710 1990-2001 Columbia -

Area 720 1990-2001 Eureka -

Area 730 1990-1992 Monterey At-sea whiting fisheries processing operations restricted 

in this area since 1993 

Area 740 1991 Conception At-sea whiting fisheries processing operations restricted 

in this area during all years, except for an 

experimental jack mackerel fishery in 1991 (which 

has been included in this study) 

INPFC = International North Pacific Fisheries Commission (1952-1992). 

a These are the statistical areas used by Perez and Loughlin (1991) to analyze incidental catch of 

marine mammals by foreign and joint venture trawl vessels in the U.S. EEZ of the North 

Pacific during 1973-1988. 
109 

Appendix 2.--List of marine mammals incidentally taken by U.S. vessels (by gear and region) of the domestic 

groundfish fisheries in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska and the U.S. West Coast, 

1989-2001. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Pelagic trawl gear vessels 

Bering Sea 

Area 509 

12 September 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°17'N 164°25'W 

14 September 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°31'N 164°00'W 

25 September 1998 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°33'N 164°11'W

 8 September 2000 

16 September 2000 

Eumetopias jubatus 

Eumetopias jubatus 

1 

1 

Killed by gear 

Killed by gear 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

56°30'N 164°18'W 

Not recorded 2 

12 March 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°36'N 164°32'W 

15 October 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes No 55°13'N 164°46'W 

14 September 1999 Erignathus barbatus 1 Killed by gear No No 56°01'N 164°14'W 

18 September 1996 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°12'N 164°33'W

 7 October 1997 Phoca largha 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°09'N 164°37'W

 8 February 1996 Unidentified pinniped 1 Carcass No No 55°36'N 164°06'W

 2 February 1999 

27 August 1995 

Megaptera novaeangliae 

Unidentified baleen whale 3 

1 

1 

Killed by gear 

Decomposed 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

54°45'N 164°51'W 

57°02'N 164°30'W 

20 July 1993 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°39'N 164°57'W 

21 January 1995 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°22'N 163°56'W

 9 September 1996 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°17'N 164°22'W 

24 September 1996 Phocoenoides dalli 2 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°12'N 164°50'W 

15 August 1999 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°38'N 164°47'W 

12 February 1997 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed No No 55°45'N 164°49'W 

26 September 1998 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°20'N 164°30'W

 6 October 1998 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°14'N 164°10'W 

13 September 1995 

28 June 2001 

Unidentified small whale 

Unidentified cetacean 

1 

1 

Skull/bones 

Misc. flesh 4 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

56°02'N 164°48'W 

55°11'N 164°34'W 

29 September 1993 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 55°27'N 164°26'W

 2 November 2000 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed No Yes 56°51'N 164°46'W 

Area 510 

14 May 1989 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°28'N 167°50'W 

Area 511 

21 January 1992 Orcinus orca 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°23'N 164°02'W

 3 July 1990 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°39'N 163°45'W

 8 February 1992 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°24'N 164°04'W 

25 March 1990 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°27'N 164°42'W 

Area 513 

 2 September 1996 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°01'N 165°03'W

 8 June 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°05'N 168°31'W 

11 September 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°35'N 165°08'W

 2 October 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°33'N 166°11'W 

11 October 1996 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes No 56°47'N 166°26'W 

19 February 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°31'N 168°30'W

 1 September 1997 Unidentified otariid 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°42'N 168°01'W 

10 October 2001 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 56°50'N 167°23'W 

13 October 1996 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°57'N 165°07'W 

19 August 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°11'N 165°54'W 

15 December 1994 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear No Yes 56°33'N 167°23'W 

19 December 1994 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear No Yes 56°42'N 167°50'W 
110 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 513 (continued) 

25 September 1996 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Unharmed 5 Yes Yes 57°03'N 166°00'W 

13 February 1992 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°30'N 169°57'W

 5 September 2000 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°30'N 166°26'W

 2 October 1996 Unidentified cetacean 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°07'N 166°27'W 

Area 515 

 9 July 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 4 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°20'N 165°52'W 

Area 517 

4 June 1990 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Unharmed Yes Yes 54°56'N 165°07'W

 4 June 1990 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Minor injury Yes Yes 54°56'N 165°07'W

 9 September 1998 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°49'N 165°18'W 

30 August 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°30'N 165°44'W 

21 September 1993 Eumetopias jubatus 2 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°16'N 165°02'W 

13 October 1995 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°34'N 165°35'W 

11 October 1998 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°16'N 166°08'W 

29 September 1999 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°16'N 167°41'W 

11 October 2000 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°23'N 166°24'W 

12 July 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°50'N 165°51'W

 1 September 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 56°04'N 168°09'W 

14 February 1996 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No No 56°00'N 165°05'W 

11 August 1991 

 7 September 1993 

Erignathus barbatus 

Phoca vitulina 

1 

1 

Killed by gear 

Carcass 6 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

56°06'N 165°37'W

54°50'N 165°49'W 

12 October 2000 Pusa hispida 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°26'N 165°03'W 

15 September 1996 Histriophoca fasciata 1 Killed by gear No Yes 54°37'N 165°37'W 

24 August 2001 Histriophoca fasciata 1 Killed by gear No Yes 55°15'N 167°42'W 

25 October 1998 Megaptera novaeangliae 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°38'N 165°30'W 

14 September 2000 Balaenoptera acutorostrata 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°12'N 165°59'W 

13 September 1990 

9 August 1993 

Unidentified baleen whale 

Unidentified baleen whale 

1 

1 

Bones only 

Killed by gear 7

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

56°16'N 168°13'W

55°23'N 167°16'W

 4 August 2001 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°30'N 165°37'W 

28 July 2000 Unidentified beaked whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 55°02'N 165°29'W 

20 September 1994 Delphinapterus leucas 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°11'N 165°36'W

 1 September 1999 Orcinus orca 1 Decomposed No Yes 54°42'N 165°36'W

 5 July 1990 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°36'N 165°08'W

 7 August 1992 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°46'N 166°26'W

 8 August 1992 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°48'N 166°21'W

 4 September 1992 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°01'N 165°40'W 

12 October 1993 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear No Yes 54°54'N 166°00'W

 8 October 1994 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°23'N 165°01'W 

30 August 1995 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°48'N 166°42'W 

11 February 1996 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°45'N 165°22'W

 9 February 1997 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°21'N 165°44'W 

16 October 1997 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°36'N 165°34'W 

19 February 1998 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°58'N 165°23'W 

30 August 1998 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°25'N 168°02'W 

19 June 1991 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Carcass No No 55°35'N 168°25'W

 5 September 1990 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°41'N 165°57'W 

19 February 1991 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed No Yes 55°01'N 165°16'W 

10 December 1992 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes No 54°43'N 165°37'W 

24 September 1994 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°18'N 165°22'W 
111 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 517 (continued) 

 8 September 1998 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°47'N 165°22'W 

15 October 1998 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only No Yes 56°25'N 166°00'W

 4 March 1992 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°23'N 169°42'W 

31 August 1993 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°38'N 165°30'W 

18 August 1994 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°59'N 165°57'W 

31 August 1994 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°45'N 165°19'W 

11 September 1993 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°22'N 165°25'W 

20 October 1998 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°40'N 165°36'W 

20 October 1998 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only No No 54°43'N 165°06'W 

Area 519 

31 August 1991 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°20'N 165°53'W 

31 August 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°20'N 165°53'W 

28 August 1995 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°17'N 165°59'W 

16 October 1997 Histriophoca fasciata 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°26'N 165°42'W 

15 October 1997 Orcinus orca 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°17'N 165°58'W 

18 September 1996 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°02'N 166°30'W 

10 September 1997 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°16'N 165°59'W

 5 October 1998 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°27'N 165°44'W 

10 October 1996 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°20'N 165°54'W 

20 February 1992 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°28'N 166°22'W 

15 October 1997 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°27'N 165°41'W 

Area 520 

30 June 1989 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°51'N 173°16'W 

Area 521 

15 July 1991 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Boarded ship Yes Yes 58°19'N 173°13'W 

15 July 1991 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Boarded ship Yes Yes 58°21'N 173°16'W 

15 July 1991 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Boarded ship Yes Yes 58°21'N 173°17'W

 1 September 1994 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°10'N 171°48'W

 7 July 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No No 58°40'N 173°51'W 

13 September 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Serious injury Yes Yes 59°04'N 174°41'W 

14 June 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Carcass No No 58°49'N 174°09'W 

14 June 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°50'N 174°12'W 

17 June 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°00'N 171°39'W 

23 June 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No No 57°30'N 170°40'W 

23 June 1991 

28 August 1991 

Eumetopias jubatus 

Eumetopias jubatus 

1 

1 

Killed by gear 

Minor injury 8

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

58°28'N 173°11'W 

58°29'N 174°11'W 

19 August 1999 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes No 58°44'N 173°43'W 

25 August 1999 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°20'N 173°48'W 

20 July 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 56°42'N 171°34'W 

26 July 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Boarded ship Yes Yes 57°35'N 173°18'W 

26 July 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Boarded ship Yes Yes 57°45'N 173°07'W 

28 July 2001 

11 May 1990 

Eumetopias jubatus 

Unidentified otariid 9 

1 

1 

Boarded ship 

Minor injury 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

58°09'N 173°24'W 

57°31'N 171°45'W 

15 June 1991 Unidentified otariid 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°57'N 174°06'W

 1 August 2001 Unidentified otariid 1 Boarded ship Yes No 58°53'N 173°50'W 

16 July 1990 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Tusks only Yes Yes 59°25'N 175°07'W 

14 September 1990 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°22'N 175°12'W 
112 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 521 (continued) 

15 June 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°40'N 174°12'W 

23 August 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°52'N 173°09'W 

10 July 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°35'N 172°55'W

 9 September 1994 Erignathus barbatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°28'N 171°35'W 

13 August 1991 Phoca vitulina 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°33'N 174°35'W

 4 September 1999 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°20'N 174°46'W 

28 July 2001 Pusa hispida 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°17'N 173°06'W

 5 September 2001 Pusa hispida 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°36'N 175°35'W

 7 May 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°13'N 178°05'W 

14 June 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Carcass No No 57°27'N 173°01'W 

25 July 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Carcass No No 58°51'N 174°46'W 

25 July 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°37'N 173°37'W 

27 July 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°59'N 173°43'W 

18 August 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°30'N 173°59'W 

28 June 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°32'N 172°51'W 

19 February 1993 

27 August 2001 

 5 September 2001 

Unidentified pinniped 

Unidentified pinniped 

Balaenoptera acutorostrata 

1 

1 

1 

Decomposed 

Misc. flesh 10 

Misc. flesh 11 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

No 

56°54'N 171°23'W 

58°55'N 173°40'W

58°51'N 175°25'W 

16 July 1990 

31 August 1991 

Unidentified baleen whale 

Unidentified baleen whale 12 

1 

1 

Baleen only 

Decomposed 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

58°36'N 173°34'W 

59°36'N 177°03'W 

11 July 1992 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Baleen only Yes Yes 58°50'N 173°51'W

 4 September 1999 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Skull only No Yes 59°09'N 174°53'W

 8 September 2000 

11 July 2001 

Unidentified baleen whale 

Unidentified baleen whale 

1 

1 

Decomposed 

Decomposed 13

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

59°34'N 175°49'W 

56°59'N 172°30'W 

26 July 2001 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°55'N 173°25'W 

18 June 1991 Orcinus orca 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°12'N 171°35'W 

20 August 1999 Orcinus orca 1 Killed by gear Yes No 58°42'N 174°40'W 

22 June 1990 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°01'N 173°37'W 

12 July 1990 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°10'N 174°04'W 

31 August 1991 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°31'N 177°00'W 

16 August 1993 Phocoenoides dalli 2 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°43'N 174°21'W 

17 July 1994 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°32'N 174°27'W

 8 December 1994 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°04'N 171°47'W 

11 September 1997 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°29'N 176°14'W 

14 September 1997 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°38'N 176°13'W

 9 September 1999 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°32'N 174°57'W 

20 July 2000 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°44'N 171°12'W 

15 August 2000 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°39'N 173°11'W

 8 September 2000 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°36'N 175°57'W 

10 September 2000 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°40'N 177°16'W 

18 August 2001 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°42'N 175°08'W 

22 September 2001 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°06'N 170°09'W 

18 July 1990 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Killed by gear Yes No 59°21'N 174°59'W 

14 August 1990 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°27'N 175°21'W 

26 August 1991 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°12'N 176°19'W 

28 August 1990 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 59°14'N 175°59'W 

26 March 1991 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°09'N 178°12'W

 8 May 1991 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°57'N 177°57'W 

27 July 1991 Unidentified whale 1 Skull/bones Yes Yes 56°34'N 170°36'W 
113 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 521 (continued) 

14 October 2000 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 59°37'N 176°04'W

 4 September 1998 Unidentified small whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°16'N 172°41'W 

14 April 2001 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°50'N 170°18'W 

16 September 2001 

25 July 2001 

Unidentified large whale 

Unidentified cetacean 14 

1 

1 

Bones only 

Trailing gear 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

No 

59°28'N 176°11'W 

57°35'N 173°47'W

 3 July 1990 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 58°37'N 173°15'W 

13 September 2000 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 59°27'N 176°37'W 

30 August 2001 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 58°50'N 174°17'W 

Area 523 

22 July 2001 Unidentified pinniped 2 Boarded ship Yes No 56°51'N 173°15'W 

19 August 1993 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°35'N 172°09'W 

Area 540 

24 June 1992 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear No Yes 52°20'N 171°58'W 

26 October 1990 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Carcass Yes Yes 52°20'N 172°48'W 

Area 541 

16 March 1994 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 52°27'N 174°23'W 

Gulf of Alaska 

Area 610 

2 June 1998 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°17'N 159°25'W

 1 June 1996 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 55°05'N 160°17'W 

14 September 1996 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°28'N 160°25'W

 1 June 1998 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°14'N 159°18'W

 4 September 1997 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°02'N 163°03'W 

Area 620 

7 October 1999 Balaenoptera physalus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°35'N 155°30'W

 2 June 1993 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°03'N 155°00'W 

Area 630 

12 July 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°23'N 152°29'W 

25 January 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Boarded ship Yes Yes 58°02'N 152°22'W 

Washington, Oregon, and California 

Area 670 

30 May 1998 Zalophus californianus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 47°51'N 125°10'W 

25 October 1999 Zalophus californianus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 48°13'N 125°00'W 

30 July 1996 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear No Yes 48°26'N 124°56'W

 6 September 2000 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 48°09'N 124°58'W 
114 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Washington, Oregon, and California (continued) 

Area 670 (continued) 

19 June 1999 Mirounga angustirostris 1 Killed by gear No Yes 48°05'N 125°15'W 

10 July 2000 Mirounga angustirostris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 48°00'N 125°22'W

 9 November 1998 Lagenorhynchus obliquidens 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 48°16'N 125°13'W 

15 October 1997 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear No Yes 48°12'N 125°12'W 

16 October 1997 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear No Yes 48°09'N 125°13'W

 6 August 1998 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 48°10'N 125°10'W 

Area 710 

18 April 1994 Zalophus californianus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 44°34'N 124°33'W 

31 May 1999 Zalophus californianus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 46°23'N 124°35'W

 1 May 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 47°21'N 124°48'W 

29 May 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 43°10'N 124°45'W 

20 May 2000 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 43°35'N 124°36'W 

16 May 2000 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 47°13'N 124°54'W 

29 May 1996 Mirounga angustirostris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 43°50'N 124°55'W 

27 May 1998 Mirounga angustirostris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 46°46'N 124°52'W 

15 October 2000 Unidentified phocid 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 44°31'N 124°49'W 

22 April 1995 Eschrichtius robustus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 43°48'N 124°48'W 

27 May 1996 Lagenorhynchus obliquidens 2 Killed by gear No Yes 46°36'N 124°38'W 

26 April 1992 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 45°56'N 124°43'W 

15 April 1994 Phocoenoides dalli 2 Killed by gear No Yes 43°56'N 124°57'W

 1 June 1996 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear No Yes 47°12'N 124°57'W

 7 June 1997 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 43°53'N 124°39'W 

15 July 1998 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 45°21'N 124°23'W 

21 June 1999 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 46°33'N 124°35'W 

19 April 1993 Unidentified large whale 1 Carcass Yes No 44°28'N 124°45'W 

Area 720 

30 May 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 42°14'N 124°38'W 

16 May 1997 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear No Yes 42°26'N 124°46'W 

26 May 1996 Lagenorhynchus obliquidens 1 Killed by gear No Yes 42°22'N 124°47'W 

30 May 1997 Phocoenoides dalli 2 Killed by gear Yes Yes 42°26'N 124°46'W 

Area 730 

16 April 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Killed by gear No No 38°00'N 123°29'W

 9 April 1992 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Unharmed Yes Yes 38°51'N 124°43'W 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels 

Bering Sea 

Area 509 

29 August 2001 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°09'N 164°53'W 

30 January 1999 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°02'N 164°30'W 

30 July 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°08'N 164°01'W

 2 October 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°16'N 164°30'W 

11 February 1996 Unidentified otariid 1 Decomposed No Yes 56°09'N 164°50'W 
115 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 509 (continued) 

15 June 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°05'N 164°04'W 

16 June 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°04'N 164°44'W 

30 March 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°28'N 164°13'W

 7 February 1996 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 54°42'N 164°53'W

 7 April 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°27'N 164°55'W 

29 October 1998 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 56°58'N 164°57'W 

19 August 1999 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°47'N 163°53'W 

20 August 1999 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°49'N 164°37'W 

17 April 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°10'N 163°07'W 

22 April 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°48'N 164°53'W 

20 August 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°37'N 164°31'W 

30 November 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°05'N 164°36'W

 5 October 2001 Erignathus barbatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°10'N 164°36'W

 1 May 1994 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°03'N 164°42'W

 1 May 1994 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°07'N 164°41'W

 7 February 1997 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°25'N 163°52'W 

31 May 1999 Phoca vitulina 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°21'N 164°53'W 

10 February 1995 Unidentified phocid 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°45'N 163°59'W 

15 June 1993 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°05'N 164°34'W 

14 March 1995 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°16'N 164°28'W 

12 February 2001 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°01'N 164°34'W 

11 March 1998 Orcinus orca 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°09'N 164°36'W 

13 March 1994 Phocoena phocoena 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°23'N 164°05'W

 9 March 1999 Phocoena phocoena 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°01'N 164°54'W 

31 March 1995 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°22'N 164°33'W 

19 September 1998 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear No Yes 56°17'N 164°43'W

 4 November 1998 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°42'N 164°59'W 

19 February 2000 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Skull only Yes Yes 55°30'N 164°04'W

 8 February 1993 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°01'N 163°48'W 

29 January 1995 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Decomposed No No 55°59'N 163°11'W 

21 March 1997 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°01'N 164°47'W 

10 February 1993 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°28'N 164°01'W 

26 March 1996 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°57'N 164°39'W 

26 March 1996 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°04'N 164°23'W

 8 April 1996 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°45'N 164°38'W 

14 February 1997 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 55°14'N 164°21'W 

21 February 1997 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 55°23'N 164°12'W 

18 October 2001 Unidentified whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°19'N 163°46'W

 1 April 1997 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°26'N 164°26'W 

22 October 2001 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes No 57°02'N 163°22'W

 4 May 1998 Unidentified cetacean 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°43'N 164°52'W 

14 March 1999 Unidentified cetacean 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°26'N 164°30'W 

28 January 1993 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°12'N 164°27'W 

10 March 1995 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 55°17'N 164°24'W 

27 March 1995 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes No 56°24'N 164°50'W 

30 May 1996 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°49'N 164°07'W 

18 March 1997 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Skull/bones No Yes 55°03'N 164°18'W 

22 April 1998 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°55'N 164°59'W 

31 March 1999 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°28'N 164°22'W 
116 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 509 (continued) 

17 April 2000 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes No 57°10'N 163°07'W 

27 November 2000 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°14'N 164°50'W 

11 October 2001 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°24'N 164°43'W 

Area 510 

10 April 1989 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°38'N 165°06'W 

19 November 1989 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Boarded ship No No 54°41'N 165°11'W

 2 July 1989 Pusa hispida 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°30'N 161°04'W

 2 November 1989 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 55°03'N 167°18'W 

25 October 1989 

26 October 1989 

Orcinus orca 

Orcinus orca 

1 

1 

Hit propeller 

Serious injury 15

No 

No 

No 

No 

54°23'N 166°02'W 

54°20'N 165°55'W

 9 July 1989 Enhydra lutris 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°09'N 161°38'W 

Area 511 

 7 February 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed No Yes 55°08'N 164°25'W 

12 February 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°00'N 164°47'W

 8 May 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed No No 56°54'N 163°50'W

 5 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°58'N 163°59'W 

15 May 1992 Unidentified phocid 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°41'N 163°30'W 

19 February 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed No No 55°26'N 163°50'W

 3 April 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°58'N 164°39'W 

10 May 1990 Phocoena phocoena 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°22'N 163°58'W 

14 February 1990 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°27'N 163°56'W 

22 January 1990 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°29'N 163°00'W

 6 February 1990 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°13'N 164°08'W 

15 May 1991 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Carcass No Yes 57°49'N 159°59'W 

Area 513 

20 September 1990 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°50'N 169°13'W 

28 August 1991 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°35'N 167°43'W

 5 September 1992 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°41'N 169°30'W 

22 October 1992 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°59'N 168°42'W 

10 July 1993 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°46'N 169°51'W

 9 October 1994 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°13'N 165°54'W 

12 August 1995 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°04'N 165°22'W

 3 September 1996 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°23'N 165°40'W

 8 September 1996 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°14'N 165°57'W 

24 September 1997 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°14'N 165°22'W 

25 October 1997 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°26'N 165°25'W 

27 October 1997 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°26'N 166°07'W 

28 July 1999 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°41'N 166°57'W

 9 August 2000 

7 August 2001 

Callorhinus ursinus 

Callorhinus ursinus 

1 

1 

Killed by gear 

Killed by gear 16

 No 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

57°21'N 167°31'W

57°57'N 166°40'W

 8 August 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°38'N 168°06'W 

17 October 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°48'N 166°41'W 

19 October 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°54'N 165°58'W 

18 November 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°45'N 168°40'W 

16 May 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°31'N 165°39'W 

16 May 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°31'N 165°39'W 

18 May 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°21'N 165°36'W 

27 October 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°08'N 165°52'W

 3 May 1996 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°11'N 166°10'W 
117 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 513 (continued) 

21 April 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 56°40'N 165°13'W 

21 April 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°39'N 165°20'W 

15 November 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°47'N 165°25'W

 4 December 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°23'N 165°41'W 

24 April 1998 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°26'N 165°24'W

 4 May 1998 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No No 57°58'N 166°15'W 

26 November 1998 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°11'N 165°41'W 

24 April 2000 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°37'N 165°56'W 

29 April 2000 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°40'N 165°53'W

 4 June 2000 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°43'N 165°53'W 

10 June 2000 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°46'N 165°35'W

 8 June 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°08'N 165°47'W

 3 October 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°18'N 165°00'W

 2 August 1995 Unidentified otariid 1 Decomposed No No 57°09'N 166°05'W 

23 August 1995 Unidentified otariid 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°06'N 166°49'W 

30 October 2001 Unidentified otariid 1 Carcass No Yes 57°22'N 165°50'W 

31 May 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°45'N 168°34'W 

18 September 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Tusks only Yes Yes 57°12'N 165°47'W 

20 September 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Tusks only Yes Yes 57°09'N 166°03'W

 5 June 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°37'N 166°03'W

 7 June 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°43'N 166°29'W

 9 June 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°38'N 166°39'W 

11 August 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No No 57°58'N 165°35'W 

13 August 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°05'N 165°42'W 

17 September 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°54'N 165°40'W 

19 September 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°52'N 167°20'W 

30 October 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes No 57°02'N 165°38'W 

31 October 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°11'N 165°42'W

 9 September 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°09'N 165°50'W 

18 September 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°05'N 165°35'W

 4 October 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 56°49'N 165°34'W

 9 October 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 56°53'N 165°51'W

 4 November 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°13'N 165°45'W 

13 August 1994 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°46'N 165°36'W 

29 August 1994 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°06'N 165°34'W 

22 September 1994 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°11'N 166°14'W 

15 October 1994 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°09'N 166°01'W

 5 August 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°22'N 165°07'W

 6 August 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°24'N 165°02'W

 9 August 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°37'N 165°14'W 

10 August 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°08'N 165°53'W 

14 August 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°50'N 165°54'W 

27 August 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°09'N 165°48'W 

26 September 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°04'N 165°08'W 

27 September 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°57'N 165°56'W 

28 September 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°54'N 165°51'W

 4 October 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°08'N 165°40'W 
118 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 513 (continued) 

16 August 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Carcass No Yes 57°21'N 165°26'W 

25 August 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Tusks only Yes No 57°18'N 165°16'W 

26 August 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°33'N 165°33'W 

29 August 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No No 57°23'N 165°17'W

 3 September 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Tusks only Yes Yes 57°44'N 165°19'W

 7 September 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°30'N 165°47'W 

11 September 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°15'N 165°35'W 

14 September 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°36'N 165°59'W 

24 September 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°58'N 166°12'W 

29 May 1998 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Tusks only Yes Yes 56°31'N 166°05'W 

13 June 1998 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only No Yes 57°46'N 165°14'W 

15 June 1998 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°54'N 166°49'W 

18 June 1998 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 56°49'N 165°53'W 

28 July 1998 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°17'N 165°10'W 

28 September 1998 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°08'N 165°51'W

 2 April 1999 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 56°50'N 166°03'W 

22 August 1999 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°30'N 165°58'W

 3 September 1999 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°22'N 167°25'W 

22 March 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°51'N 167°16'W

 4 April 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°13'N 168°05'W

 5 May 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°25'N 165°09'W

 4 June 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°45'N 165°59'W

 4 June 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°41'N 165°28'W 

13 July 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°45'N 167°07'W 

31 July 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°39'N 167°09'W

 1 August 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°30'N 166°18'W 

16 August 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Tusks only Yes No 57°22'N 167°20'W 

16 October 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°41'N 166°14'W

 7 November 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only No Yes 57°39'N 165°33'W

 7 April 2001 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°43'N 166°07'W 

11 October 2001 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Carcass Yes Yes 56°48'N 165°02'W 

23 July 1991 Erignathus barbatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°32'N 168°38'W 

19 September 1994 Erignathus barbatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°09'N 166°04'W 

15 October 1994 Erignathus barbatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°12'N 165°30'W

 2 May 1998 Erignathus barbatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°48'N 165°42'W 

31 August 1999 Erignathus barbatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°31'N 165°25'W 

20 August 2000 Erignathus barbatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°27'N 167°11'W 

30 August 1992 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°55'N 165°22'W 

28 April 1996 Phoca largha 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°01'N 165°34'W

 6 April 1999 Phoca largha 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°43'N 166°25'W 

12 March 1997 Pusa hispida 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°53'N 166°05'W

 6 May 1991 Unidentified phocid 1 Killed by gear No No 57°54'N 167°54'W

 5 August 1992 

26 September 1992 

Unidentified phocid 

Unidentified phocid 17 

1 

1 

Decomposed 

Killed by gear 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

57°04'N 165°45'W 

57°54'N 167°34'W 

19 April 1990 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°46'N 169°25'W 

31 August 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°33'N 167°03'W

 4 July 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°37'N 165°18'W 

20 October 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°57'N 166°38'W 

12 November 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°58'N 169°10'W 
119 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 513 (continued) 

20 September 1994 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes No 57°03'N 165°30'W 

26 October 1994 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed No Yes 57°13'N 165°56'W

 5 November 1994 Unidentified pinniped 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°42'N 165°38'W

 6 August 1995 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes No 57°09'N 165°57'W 

13 September 1995 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°09'N 165°20'W

 1 October 1995 Unidentified pinniped 1 Carcass Yes Yes 57°42'N 165°22'W

 8 October 1995 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes No 57°05'N 165°54'W 

21 August 2001 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°45'N 168°43'W 

17 March 2000 

5 August 1994 

Eschrichtius robustus 

Unidentified baleen whale 

1 

1 

Decomposed 

Aborted fetus 18

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

57°53'N 166°45'W

57°20'N 165°30'W 

12 September 1994 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°01'N 165°57'W 

23 September 1996 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Skull only No Yes 57°26'N 165°20'W

 4 December 1997 Phocoena phocoena 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°21'N 165°41'W

 8 August 1998 Phocoena phocoena 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°07'N 166°22'W 

30 April 2000 Phocoena phocoena 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°30'N 165°39'W 

28 September 2000 Phocoena phocoena 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°13'N 166°08'W 

16 August 2001 Phocoena phocoena 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°21'N 166°31'W

 4 October 1997 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°49'N 165°59'W

 2 September 1999 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°48'N 166°00'W 

25 October 1992 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°50'N 169°04'W 

24 August 1994 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°05'N 165°31'W

 5 October 1995 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°10'N 165°40'W 

30 March 2001 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Skull/bones Yes Yes 57°37'N 166°18'W

 2 April 1996 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only No Yes 57°00'N 165°07'W 

26 September 1996 Unidentified whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°29'N 165°16'W 

13 March 1997 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°45'N 165°04'W 

21 September 1997 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°28'N 165°42'W 

30 May 1998 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°34'N 166°19'W 

22 September 1998 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°11'N 166°13'W

 8 November 1998 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°10'N 165°48'W 

25 August 1999 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°52'N 168°27'W 

27 August 2000 Unidentified whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 56°39'N 165°02'W 

30 July 2001 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°29'N 166°32'W

 7 October 2001 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°33'N 166°21'W 

13 November 2001 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°17'N 167°49'W 

28 September 2000 Unidentified small whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°13'N 166°08'W 

14 July 1993 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°23'N 168°55'W 

22 October 1993 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°18'N 165°34'W 

24 October 1994 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°15'N 165°36'W

 9 August 1995 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only No Yes 57°06'N 165°08'W 

17 March 1997 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°40'N 165°56'W

 2 September 1997 Unidentified cetacean 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°21'N 165°42'W

 6 October 2000 Unidentified cetacean 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°56'N 165°57'W 

24 September 1994 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°51'N 165°49'W

 2 August 1995 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°06'N 165°29'W 

17 August 1997 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only No No 57°21'N 165°25'W 

23 September 1997 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only No Yes 57°55'N 165°54'W 

27 April 1998 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°35'N 165°59'W 
120 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 513 (continued) 

 8 September 1998 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°09'N 165°56'W

 9 October 1998 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°45'N 165°57'W 

30 October 1998 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°12'N 166°04'W

 8 May 1999 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Carcass Yes No 57°18'N 165°23'W 

16 June 2000 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only No Yes 57°02'N 166°07'W 

17 June 2000 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°02'N 166°08'W

 6 October 2000 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°56'N 165°57'W 

Area 514 

24 May 1991 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°30'N 159°17'W 

22 June 1992 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear Yes No 59°00'N 164°19'W 

23 June 1992 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°04'N 164°11'W 

23 June 1992 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°57'N 163°21'W 

25 September 1992 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°01'N 166°53'W 

17 June 1994 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°06'N 165°05'W 

24 June 1994 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°03'N 163°26'W

 7 June 1999 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°36'N 163°50'W 

12 November 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°42'N 168°59'W 

16 November 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°28'N 168°59'W 

21 May 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Boarded ship Yes Yes 58°20'N 159°19'W

 3 July 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°32'N 159°31'W 

14 August 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°24'N 159°35'W 

14 August 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°40'N 159°33'W 

15 September 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°59'N 169°12'W 

10 May 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 2 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°39'N 159°33'W 

12 May 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°46'N 159°37'W 

15 May 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°44'N 159°36'W 

15 May 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°45'N 159°37'W 

21 May 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Unharmed Yes Yes 58°38'N 159°19'W

 7 June 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°17'N 159°18'W 

30 June 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°12'N 166°17'W 

29 July 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°58'N 168°11'W 

29 August 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°00'N 168°05'W

 9 September 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°15'N 167°36'W 

22 September 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°14'N 168°27'W 

13 May 1993 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed No No 59°30'N 164°19'W 

21 May 1993 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°28'N 164°05'W 

23 May 1993 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°59'N 163°13'W 

24 May 1993 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°58'N 163°48'W 

27 May 1993 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°14'N 163°48'W 

23 October 1993 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°04'N 168°15'W 

10 June 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°23'N 163°28'W 

20 June 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 59°21'N 164°42'W 

24 June 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Carcass No No 59°09'N 163°38'W 

16 May 1996 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°41'N 163°50'W 

27 May 1996 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 59°07'N 163°29'W

 1 June 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°25'N 159°27'W

 1 June 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°58'N 164°38'W

 8 June 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°20'N 164°28'W 

12 June 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°06'N 163°22'W 
121 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 514 (continued) 

13 June 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°00'N 163°13'W 

23 April 1998 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°21'N 163°32'W 

13 May 1999 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°09'N 168°42'W 

18 June 2000 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 59°08'N 163°59'W 

16 August 1990 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°06'N 166°26'W 

11 October 1990 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°58'N 169°10'W 

14 May 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No No 58°12'N 160°42'W 

17 May 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°00'N 160°21'W 

18 May 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°10'N 168°22'W 

23 May 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes No 58°21'N 159°32'W

 7 July 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°33'N 159°30'W 

19 July 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 59°21'N 168°50'W 

31 July 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°18'N 159°45'W 

25 August 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°08'N 168°51'W

 4 September 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°03'N 159°27'W

 5 September 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 58°01'N 159°30'W 

14 September 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°16'N 169°04'W

 3 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°01'N 160°17'W 

10 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°01'N 160°23'W 

11 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°33'N 159°21'W 

13 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Carcass Yes No 58°23'N 159°41'W 

13 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 58°20'N 159°51'W 

14 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear No No 58°19'N 159°45'W 

14 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Carcass Yes No 58°19'N 159°33'W 

15 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°13'N 159°27'W 

15 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°19'N 159°56'W 

21 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°16'N 159°49'W 

27 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°34'N 159°29'W

 4 June 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°36'N 159°33'W 

16 June 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°21'N 164°21'W 

25 June 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°06'N 164°04'W 

30 June 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°18'N 166°08'W

 1 August 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°10'N 166°31'W

 4 August 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°15'N 167°05'W

 7 August 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°29'N 159°32'W 

10 September 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 58°03'N 169°45'W 

13 September 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°15'N 169°04'W 

12 May 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No No 59°21'N 163°55'W 

14 May 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes No 58°55'N 163°28'W 

14 May 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°16'N 164°02'W 

16 May 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°33'N 164°06'W 

17 May 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No No 58°01'N 167°13'W 

20 May 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°05'N 163°31'W 

22 May 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°58'N 163°15'W 

24 May 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°59'N 163°43'W 

24 May 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°55'N 163°28'W 

25 May 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°02'N 164°12'W

 3 June 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 2 Unharmed Yes Yes 58°18'N 159°32'W

 3 June 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°03'N 163°43'W

 9 June 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°16'N 164°51'W 
122 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 514 (continued) 

11 June 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°17'N 159°44'W 

12 June 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°25'N 159°38'W 

13 June 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°22'N 159°52'W 

19 June 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°56'N 163°39'W 

19 June 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°02'N 164°10'W

 5 August 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No No 58°18'N 169°53'W 

17 May 1994 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°29'N 159°23'W 

30 May 1994 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°12'N 163°39'W 

11 June 1994 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°39'N 163°37'W 

24 June 1994 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°52'N 163°57'W 

28 June 1994 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 59°19'N 164°33'W

 9 November 1994 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°01'N 167°28'W 

25 July 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°53'N 166°30'W 

28 July 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°10'N 164°01'W 

28 July 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°18'N 164°07'W

 7 August 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Carcass Yes No 58°47'N 168°37'W 

10 August 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°07'N 167°15'W 

12 August 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°01'N 165°26'W 

21 August 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes No 58°04'N 169°27'W 

22 August 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°51'N 169°10'W

 9 May 1996 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Minor injury No Yes 59°08'N 163°56'W 

10 May 1996 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only No Yes 59°01'N 163°55'W 

13 May 1996 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Carcass Yes Yes 58°57'N 164°19'W 

13 May 1996 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°51'N 164°32'W 

21 May 1996 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°59'N 164°10'W

 2 June 1996 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 59°02'N 163°42'W 

15 June 1996 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°56'N 163°54'W

 9 May 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°02'N 163°48'W 

16 May 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°08'N 162°58'W 

17 May 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°16'N 163°34'W

 3 May 1999 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°13'N 168°34'W 

19 June 1999 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°31'N 164°22'W 

25 May 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°02'N 164°00'W 

27 May 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°28'N 169°10'W 

31 May 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°01'N 163°58'W

 1 June 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°52'N 163°48'W 

15 July 1991 Erignathus barbatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°41'N 168°50'W 

30 May 1992 Erignathus barbatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°39'N 168°51'W

 6 May 2000 Erignathus barbatus 1 Bones only No Yes 58°43'N 168°44'W 

16 July 1991 Phoca vitulina 1 Decomposed No Yes 59°38'N 168°54'W 

11 July 1992 Phoca vitulina 1 Decomposed No Yes 59°24'N 165°39'W

 5 September 1992 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°14'N 167°19'W 

10 July 1991 Phoca largha 1 Carcass Yes Yes 59°25'N 168°20'W 

29 May 1992 Phoca largha 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°45'N 168°38'W 

20 June 1992 Phoca largha 1 Decomposed No Yes 60°08'N 169°59'W

 6 May 1996 Phoca largha 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°11'N 164°03'W

 6 May 1996 Phoca largha 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°19'N 164°05'W

 6 May 1996 Phoca largha 1 Decomposed No No 59°28'N 164°30'W 

14 June 1996 Phoca largha 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°05'N 163°43'W

 1 June 1992 Pusa hispida 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°23'N 169°24'W 
123 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 514 (continued) 

11 May 1993 Unidentified phocid 1 Decomposed Yes No 59°19'N 163°48'W 

24 June 1994 Unidentified phocid 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°58'N 163°31'W

 3 June 1997 Unidentified phocid 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°33'N 164°15'W

 9 May 1999 Unidentified phocid 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°15'N 168°12'W 

21 May 1999 Unidentified phocid 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°26'N 169°34'W 

29 May 2000 Unidentified phocid 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°33'N 163°35'W 

26 May 2001 Unidentified phocid 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°48'N 164°18'W 

31 July 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes No 58°50'N 168°37'W 

12 September 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°11'N 169°15'W

 5 October 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°07'N 168°44'W 

11 May 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes No 58°33'N 159°21'W 

24 May 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Killed by gear Yes No 58°34'N 159°30'W

 2 September 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°12'N 167°53'W

 7 September 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°12'N 168°08'W 

10 September 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°03'N 166°42'W 

28 September 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°00'N 166°44'W

 8 June 1993 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed No Yes 59°01'N 164°16'W 

23 June 1994 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes No 59°04'N 163°33'W 

24 June 1994 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes No 59°03'N 163°31'W 

26 June 1994 Unidentified pinniped 1 Carcass Yes No 58°00'N 165°38'W 

20 August 1995 Unidentified pinniped 1 Carcass No No 59°17'N 169°06'W

 8 June 1996 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°00'N 164°00'W 

26 August 1996 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°37'N 164°44'W 

26 August 1996 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°38'N 164°49'W 

15 June 1997 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed No Yes 59°00'N 163°16'W 

27 May 2000 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°34'N 169°18'W 

24 May 1996 Delphinapterus leucas 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°02'N 164°10'W 

18 August 1999 Phocoena phocoena 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°05'N 165°09'W 

17 August 1999 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°01'N 164°41'W

 8 September 1992 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 58°14'N 167°35'W 

24 August 1995 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 58°10'N 169°47'W 

17 May 1999 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 58°17'N 168°05'W 

15 June 1996 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only No Yes 58°59'N 163°56'W 

28 September 1993 Unidentified cetacean 1 Carcass No No 58°06'N 168°14'W 

19 April 2000 Enhydra lutris 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°12'N 163°40'W 

11 September 1993 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°16'N 169°58'W 

19 May 1999 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 58°16'N 168°03'W

 9 May 2000 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 58°50'N 169°41'W 

Area 515 

5 October 1990 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear No Yes 54°22'N 165°44'W

 9 November 1990 

23 August 1990 

Mirounga angustirostris 

Unidentified whale 19 

1 

1 

Killed by gear 

Decomposed 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

52°53'N 169°29'W 

54°21'N 166°08'W 

Area 516 

 3 January 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No No 56°00'N 162°15'W 

25 January 1996 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 55°59'N 162°47'W 

12 February 1999 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 56°05'N 162°57'W 

23 January 1990 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°24'N 162°54'W 
124 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 517 

20 September 1999 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Aborted fetus Yes Yes 56°21'N 165°21'W 

14 October 2000 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°26'N 166°27'W

 3 April 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°56'N 165°10'W 

18 March 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°40'N 165°19'W 

21 April 1996 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°09'N 165°32'W

 9 October 1999 Eumetopias jubatus 3 Boarded ship Yes Yes 54°35'N 165°29'W 

14 May 1990 Unidentified otariid 1 Killed by gear No No 56°24'N 169°42'W 

30 September 1995 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°06'N 165°06'W

 1 April 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°25'N 165°17'W 

13 April 1990 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°21'N 169°14'W

 6 September 1994 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°26'N 166°09'W 

18 August 1990 Histriophoca fasciata 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°38'N 166°15'W 

23 April 1995 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°19'N 165°21'W

 4 August 2001 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°17'N 167°57'W 

11 July 1998 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°30'N 165°38'W 

25 August 2000 Unidentified beaked whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 56°01'N 169°34'W 

10 July 1996 Orcinus orca 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°30'N 165°29'W

 1 August 1998 Orcinus orca 1 Hit propeller Yes Yes 54°30'N 165°42'W 

14 August 1998 Orcinus orca 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°18'N 168°03'W 

18 August 2001 Orcinus orca 1 Hit propeller Yes No 54°36'N 165°34'W

 9 April 1995 Phocoena phocoena 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°51'N 165°02'W

 8 September 1997 Phocoena phocoena 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°25'N 165°48'W 

10 May 1990 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°27'N 168°50'W

 6 April 1995 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°38'N 165°11'W 

25 February 1997 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°40'N 165°17'W

 1 March 1997 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only No Yes 56°16'N 166°04'W

 4 March 1997 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°42'N 165°16'W 

14 March 1998 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°52'N 165°07'W 

11 November 1998 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°30'N 165°47'W

 2 March 2000 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes No 56°11'N 166°41'W 

13 April 2000 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°50'N 165°06'W 

18 February 2001 Unidentified small whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 54°44'N 165°10'W 

18 March 1994 Unidentified large whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°53'N 165°03'W 

23 April 1995 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°21'N 165°41'W 

17 April 1998 Unidentified large whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°39'N 165°13'W

 9 November 1998 Unidentified cetacean 1 Skull only Yes Yes 54°30'N 166°01'W 

14 April 2000 Unidentified cetacean 1 Carcass Yes No 56°22'N 166°11'W 

10 May 1990 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°27'N 168°50'W 

11 April 1995 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes No 54°43'N 165°06'W

 1 April 1996 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only No Yes 54°47'N 165°02'W 

18 April 1996 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Skull only Yes Yes 54°39'N 165°09'W 

27 August 1999 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°35'N 166°21'W 

Area 519 

28 March 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Unharmed Yes Yes 54°28'N 165°35'W 

11 August 2001 Orcinus orca 1 Hit propeller Yes Yes 54°25'N 165°51'W 

26 October 1991 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°26'N 166°44'W 

28 October 1991 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°23'N 166°18'W

 9 August 2001 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°21'N 165°58'W 

14 April 1992 Unidentified small whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°26'N 165°06'W 

11 November 1998 Unidentified cetacean 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°27'N 165°51'W 
125 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 521 

24 July 1998 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Boarded ship Yes Yes 59°08'N 174°06'W

 7 May 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°15'N 170°10'W 

22 April 1993 Unidentified otariid 1 Decomposed Yes No 59°53'N 178°14'W 

12 June 1990 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°29'N 173°24'W 

24 June 1990 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Tusks only Yes Yes 59°11'N 174°01'W 

18 April 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°09'N 177°45'W

 7 July 1991 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°45'N 173°26'W 

31 May 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°21'N 171°30'W

 4 June 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°10'N 171°11'W

 8 July 1992 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°42'N 173°15'W 

19 April 1994 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°20'N 177°35'W 

28 August 1994 Erignathus barbatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°42'N 173°11'W

 2 April 1995 Erignathus barbatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 59°33'N 178°16'W

 7 April 1993 Phoca vitulina 1 Decomposed No Yes 59°30'N 178°06'W 

28 July 1996 Pusa hispida 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°10'N 174°03'W 

22 May 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 58°10'N 171°02'W 

29 July 1996 Balaenoptera acutorostrata 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°58'N 173°57'W 

22 March 1993 Orcinus orca 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°35'N 175°36'W 

25 July 1991 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°45'N 178°47'W

 7 August 1992 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Minor injury Yes Yes 57°17'N 173°49'W 

16 March 1993 Unidentified whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 59°01'N 178°11'W 

23 July 1995 Unidentified whale 2 Bones only No No 59°42'N 177°01'W 

14 March 1997 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes No 59°43'N 178°09'W 

17 July 1998 Unidentified whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 58°38'N 173°47'W 

31 July 2001 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 59°53'N 177°40'W

 6 April 1993 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 58°35'N 175°56'W 

19 September 1998 Unidentified large whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 58°45'N 174°53'W 

14 July 2001 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°01'N 170°55'W 

25 March 2000 Unidentified cetacean 1 Bones only Yes Yes 58°03'N 173°51'W 

26 July 2000 Unidentified cetacean 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°54'N 177°33'W

 9 August 2000 Unidentified cetacean 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°47'N 177°11'W

 8 April 1995 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Decomposed No No 58°40'N 176°56'W 

17 March 1997 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes No 58°50'N 177°43'W 

22 March 1997 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only No No 58°38'N 176°49'W 

Area 522 

21 June 1992 Phoca largha 1 Decomposed No Yes 60°54'N 171°19'W 

23 April 1991 Unidentified phocid 1 Carcass No No 56°43'N 173°20'W 

29 March 1992 Lagenorhynchus obliquidens 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°50'N 173°18'W 

Area 524 

12 August 1993 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 60°27'N 172°34'W 

19 May 2000 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°37'N 170°23'W

 9 August 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 60°32'N 172°39'W 

20 August 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 60°28'N 172°36'W 

21 August 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 60°34'N 172°41'W 

28 August 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 60°40'N 172°51'W 

14 August 1994 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 60°31'N 172°41'W 

19 March 1997 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 60°13'N 178°28'W 

24 May 2000 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°02'N 170°15'W 
126 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 524 (continued) 

19 May 2000 Phoca vitulina 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 59°31'N 170°22'W 

27 May 2000 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°18'N 170°49'W 

13 March 1994 Unidentified pinniped 1 Killed by gear Yes No 60°05'N 178°58'W

 2 May 1997 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Baleen only Yes Yes 60°50'N 178°17'W 

15 August 2001 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Baleen only Yes Yes 60°09'N 178°38'W 

Area 540 

20 March 1992 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°59'N 172°03'W

 3 July 1989 Eumetopias jubatus 3 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°32'N 178°58'W

 4 April 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 52°16'N 172°51'W

 9 May 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 51°38'N 178°23'W 

25 May 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°31'N 178°58'W 

30 May 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°31'N 178°55'W

 3 June 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Unharmed Yes No 51°31'N 178°58'W

 4 March 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°35'N 178°22'W

 9 March 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°35'N 178°23'W

 9 March 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°37'N 178°20'W 

13 March 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°34'N 178°24'W 

21 March 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°36'N 178°20'W 

23 March 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°37'N 178°21'W 

23 April 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Decomposed No No 51°16'N 178°59'E 

21 June 1990 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 52°38'N 179°26'W 

26 March 1991 Unidentified pinniped 1 Carcass No No 51°38'N 178°26'W 

20 April 1992 Balaenoptera acutorostrata 1 Skull only Yes Yes 51°53'N 173°51'W 

Area 541 

20 March 1999 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°45'N 175°56'W 

11 March 1999 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 51°48'N 175°45'W 

18 March 1999 Unidentified cetacean 1 Bones only Yes Yes 52°16'N 173°51'W 

Area 542 

14 April 1994 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°36'N 178°57'W 

26 March 1995 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Hit propeller Yes No 51°34'N 178°28'E 

28 March 1995 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°32'N 178°31'E 

11 April 1996 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°37'N 178°57'W

 5 March 1998 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°43'N 178°16'W 

25 March 1998 Eumetopias jubatus 2 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°41'N 178°18'W 

11 February 1999 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°15'N 179°05'E 

24 February 2000 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°40'N 178°20'W

 2 February 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°17'N 179°09'E 

29 May 2001 Unidentified pinniped 1 Skull only Yes Yes 51°46'N 179°07'E 

27 March 1993 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Carcass No No 52°26'N 179°50'W

 4 September 2001 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only No No 51°37'N 179°09'W 

Area 543 

6 April 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 51°45'N 176°59'E 

14 April 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 52°27'N 175°30'E 

19 April 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear No Yes 52°03'N 177°00'E 

7 October 1999 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 52°11'N 176°14'E 

8 October 1999 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 52°11'N 176°07'E 

16 April 1996 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 52°10'N 174°59'E 

29 September 1999 Unidentified large whale 1 Skull only No Yes 52°11'N 176°10'E 
127 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Gulf of Alaska 

Area 610 

17 January 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°05'N 164°30'W 

30 September 1991 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Minor injury Yes Yes 53°44'N 164°09'W 

18 October 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 53°59'N 164°19'W

 9 March 1991 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°26'N 162°25'W 

26 October 1990 Mirounga angustirostris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 53°56'N 163°19'W 

14 February 1997 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Aborted fetus Yes Yes 55°16'N 159°25'W 

26 April 1990 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°24'N 162°12'W 

27 April 1990 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°25'N 162°17'W 

21 March 1991 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 55°30'N 159°31'W 

10 May 2000 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 53°44'N 164°36'W 

11 May 2000 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 53°45'N 164°16'W

 9 March 1991 Unidentified small whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°24'N 162°07'W

 6 May 2000 Unidentified small whale 1 Skull only No Yes 53°44'N 164°51'W 

18 July 1994 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes No 54°27'N 159°12'W 

Area 620 

14 August 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°46'N 157°29'W 

18 March 1992 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°27'N 156°53'W 

11 May 1990 

 1 July 1994 

25 April 1996 

Unidentified baleen whale 

Unidentified baleen whale 3 

Unidentified baleen whale 3 

1 

1 

1 

Decomposed 

Decomposed 

Decomposed 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

55°30'N 156°05'W

55°35'N 155°49'W 

57°58'N 154°42'W

 1 May 1997 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°52'N 157°01'W 

Area 630 

26 July 1993 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°40'N 148°29'W 

19 October 1996 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Minor injury Yes Yes 57°21'N 152°29'W 

18 July 1999 Phoca vitulina 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°28'N 152°39'W 

26 July 1993 Mirounga angustirostris 1 Killed by gear No Yes 58°32'N 148°29'W

 6 April 2000 

23 July 2000 

Eschrichtius robustus 

Megaptera novaeangliae 

1 

1 

Decomposed 

Decomposed 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

No 

57°00'N 152°25'W 

Not recorded 2

 9 July 1995 Orcinus orca 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°34'N 148°38'W 

21 March 1996 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°14'N 152°24'W

 4 March 1993 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Skull only Yes Yes 56°38'N 152°30'W 

10 December 1993 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°27'N 153°34'W

 5 March 1996 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 59°24'N 149°43'W

 5 May 1996 Unidentified small whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°39'N 151°46'W 

14 March 1993 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°01'N 149°53'W 

18 April 1998 Unidentified large whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°49'N 149°36'W

 9 July 1999 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 59°13'N 147°15'W 

25 July 2001 Unidentified cetacean 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°35'N 151°35'W 

Area 640 

14 July 1996 Unidentified whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 59°59'N 144°31'W

 7 July 2000 Unidentified whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 59°09'N 141°40'W 

Area 650 

25 April 1990 Unidentified pinniped 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°14'N 136°19'W 
128 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Non-pelagic trawl gear vessels (continued) 

Washington, Oregon and California 

Area 720 

12 June 2001 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 42°43'N 124°50'W 

Area 730 

25 April 1991 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 1 Carcass No No 38°30'N 123°39'W 

Trawl vessels (gear not recorded) 

Alaska EEZ (area not recorded) 

 9 January 1991 Orcinus orca 1 Decomposed No Yes Not recorded 20 

Longline gear vessels 

Bering Sea 

Area 509 

24 November 1995 

28 March 1995 

Eumetopias jubatus 

Unidentified pinniped 9 

1 

1 

Carcass 

Serious injury 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

55°21'N 164°01'W 

55°14'N 163°54'W 

27 January 2000 Unidentified cetacean 1 Bones only Yes Yes 55°57'N 164°44'W 

24 November 1995 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 55°25'N 164°00'W 

Area 513 

17 February 1995 Lagenorhynchus obliquidens 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°45'N 167°38'W 

13 September 1995 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°35'N 167°00'W 

Area 516 

14 October 1999 Unidentified otariid 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°30'N 162°54'W 

Area 517 

29 March 1999 Phoca largha 1 Carcass Yes Yes 56°27'N 169°10'W 

16 January 1994 

11 February 1994 

Unidentified pinniped 

Unidentified baleen whale 

1 

1 

Carcass 

Decomposed 21

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

55°54'N 168°24'W 

56°25'N 166°33'W

 4 September 1995 Orcinus orca 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°17'N 167°40'W

 2 October 1994 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 54°57'N 165°44'W

 6 March 1999 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear No Yes 54°30'N 165°34'W 

12 October 1996 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 55°44'N 165°40'W

 4 October 2001 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°04'N 165°25'W

 2 December 2001 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 55°44'N 167°44'W 

12 December 1998 Unidentified cetacean 1 Bones only Yes Yes 54°53'N 165°14'W

 2 December 2000 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only No No 55°09'N 165°01'W 

21 August 2001 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes No 56°20'N 169°38'W 

Area 519 

 5 December 1997 Unidentified pinniped 1 Unharmed 22 No No 54°21'N 165°45'W 

Area 521 

 2 May 1993 

19 March 1994 

24 March 1995 

Eumetopias jubatus 

Eumetopias jubatus 

Eumetopias jubatus 

1 

1 

1 

Killed by gear 

Minor injury 23 

Minor injury 24

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

59°40'N 178°21'W 

56°03'N 170°12'W 

58°39'N 176°34'W 
129 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Longline gear vessels (continued) 

Bering Sea (continued) 

Area 521 (continued) 

15 June 1990 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Tusks only Yes Yes 58°56'N 177°51'W 

29 October 1990 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°49'N 173°33'W 

29 October 1990 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°49'N 173°35'W 

14 January 1993 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 59°04'N 175°48'W

 6 November 1998 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°34'N 172°25'W 

30 September 1999 

11 March 1998 

Odobenus rosmarus 

Histriophoca fasciata 

1 

1 

Skull only 

Unknown 25 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

58°53'N 172°00'W 

59°05'N 177°22'W 

15 March 2001 Histriophoca fasciata 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°58'N 172°55'W

 9 October 1994 Unidentified pinniped 1 Carcass Yes Yes 56°59'N 171°16'W 

25 November 1991 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Skull only No Yes 58°23'N 174°14'W 

11 May 1999 Orcinus orca 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°17'N 174°22'W

 4 February 1995 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°49'N 170°30'W 

29 October 1990 Unidentified whale 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°49'N 173°35'W 

22 July 1991 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°42'N 173°25'W 

25 April 1992 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only No Yes 58°42'N 175°14'W 

30 October 1996 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°44'N 172°43'W 

14 January 1997 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°51'N 170°06'W 

24 February 2000 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°28'N 171°15'W 

23 August 2000 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°44'N 172°18'W

 1 November 2000 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°30'N 173°47'W 

18 February 1998 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 56°22'N 170°34'W 

12 May 1998 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 58°55'N 172°51'W 

Area 523 

27 October 2000 Orcinus orca 1 Bones only Yes Yes 57°02'N 173°16'W

 4 October 1996 Unidentified small whale 1 Bones only No Yes 56°42'N 173°13'W

 7 April 1994 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes No 56°40'N 173°00'W 

Area 524 

27 May 2001 Unidentified otariid 1 Minor injury Yes Yes 60°13'N 173°00'W 

25 April 1993 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 60°07'N 178°39'W 

30 May 2001 Unidentified pinniped 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 60°06'N 172°37'W 

Area 540 

17 April 1992 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Minor injury 26 Yes Yes 51°18'N 179°06'W

 8 July 1992 Unidentified pinniped 1 Serious injury Yes Yes 51°35'N 178°37'E 

18 June 1992 Unidentified large whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 52°21'N 173°44'W 

Area 541 

28 February 2000 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Minor injury Yes Yes 52°14'N 173°13'W 

16 August 1999 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 52°37'N 173°19'W 

Area 542 

6 April 1997 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Minor injury Yes Yes 51°35'N 178°28'E 
130 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Longline gear vessels (continued) 

Gulf of Alaska 

Area 610 

21 June 1991 Orcinus orca 1 Killed by gear No Yes 53°34'N 165°32'W 

26 May 2000 Unidentified marine mammal 1 Bones only Yes Yes 53°26'N 165°50'W 

Area 620 

11 February 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Unharmed 27 Yes Yes 56°57'N 154°01'W 

Area 630 

4 April 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Carcass Yes Yes 56°20'N 152°22'W

 6 April 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Carcass Yes Yes 56°25'N 152°15'W

 5 March 1995 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°06'N 150°58'W

 9 May 1990 Mirounga angustirostris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°44'N 151°42'W 

11 May 1990 Mirounga angustirostris 1 Killed by gear Yes No 58°59'N 148°34'W 

17 May 1993 Mirounga angustirostris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°02'N 148°44'W

 2 September 1995 Unidentified phocid 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°34'N 148°16'W 

Area 640 

 9 November 1995 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear No Yes 59°27'N 144°56'W 

21 June 1997 Physeter macrocephalus 1 Trailing gear Yes Yes 59°32'N 143°41'W 

25 April 2000 Physeter macrocephalus 1 Trailing gear Yes Yes 59°34'N 142°55'W 

Area 650 

16 April 1990 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°49'N 135°13'W 

12 April 2000 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°05'N 135°27'W 

26 September 1995 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°11'N 134°49'W 

Pot gear vessels 

Bering Sea 

Area 512 

26 June 1995 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 56°10'N 161°16'W 

Area 513 

14 July 1998 Unidentified baleen whale 28 1 Trailing gear No Yes 56°50'N 169°13'W 

Area 540 

13 September 1992 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear No Yes 52°47'N 173°38'E 

 9 May 1992 Enhydra lutris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 52°59'N 173°34'E 

15 May 1992 Enhydra lutris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 53°01'N 172°46'E 

15 May 1992 Enhydra lutris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 53°01'N 173°01'E 

21 June 1992 Enhydra lutris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 53°00'N 173°00'E 

 5 July 1992 Enhydra lutris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 53°00'N 173°07'E 

10 July 1992 Enhydra lutris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 53°01'N 172°52'E 

24 July 1992 Enhydra lutris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 53°01'N 172°51'E 

2 August 1992 Enhydra lutris 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 53°02'N 172°50'E 

Area 542 

21 September 1999 Unidentified phocid 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 51°31'N 177°37'W 
 1 

131 

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

Haul/set Marine 

monitored mammal 

Area 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status 1 

by 

observer 

seen by 

observer Location 

Pot gear vessels (continued) 

Gulf of Alaska 

Area 610 

7 October 1998 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 53°52'N 165°53'W 

Area 630 

30 January 1995 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear No Yes 57°48'N 151°19'W 

Jig gear vessels 

Bering Sea 

Area 517 

29 June 1995 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Trailing gear Yes Yes 55°05'N 166°34'W

The following codes were used to indicate the various types of incidental take: 1) "Killed by gear" refers to a 

marine mammal which died as a direct result of being caught or entangled in the gear during fishing operations or 

retrieval; 2) "Hit propeller" indicates a marine mammal that was killed during fishing operations by collision with 

the ship’s propeller and/or hull; 3) "Carcass" refers to a dead marine mammal caught or entangled in the gear, but 

the time or mode of death could not be determined; 4) "Decomposed" indicates a marine mammal which had died 

previously and was in the process of decomposition prior to being caught or entangled in the gear; 5) "Trailing 

gear" indicates that a marine mammal, which was caught or entangled in the gear, was subsequently returned to 

the sea with attached pieces of fishing gear (e.g., hook and line, net fragments, or buoy that will seriously restrict 

the animal's survivability) after the gear was broken either accidentally or intentionally by the crew; 6) "Serious 

injury" refers to a marine mammal which sustained either injuries to vital body parts, noticeable trauma, or gear 

impalement (e.g., hook still in the mouth after returning to sea) that will presumably restrict the ability of the 

animal to survive at sea; 7) "Minor injury" refers to a marine mammal that was wounded on the body or 

appendages by the gear, but will subsequently heal and survive at sea without serious impact from the incident; 

8) "Unharmed" refers to a marine mammal which was caught or entangled in the gear and subsequently returned 

to the sea, without injury or trauma, either on its own volition or after being freed from the gear by the crew; 

9) "Boarded ship" indicates a marine mammal that climbed onto the vessel (e.g., via the stern ramp or trawl alley) 

and subsequently returned to the sea, without injury or trauma, either on its own volition or after being deterred 

from the ship by the crew; 10) "Aborted fetus" indicates that only an isolated fetus (which was aborted at sea by 

its mother sometime prior to the interaction) was caught or entangled in the gear; 11) "Misc. flesh" indicates that 

miscellaneous mammalian remnants (e.g., isolated fragments of blubber, skin or tissue) were either found in the 

catch or caught/entangled in the gear; 12) "Baleen only" indicates that only an isolated piece of baleen was 

caught or entangled in the gear; 13) "Bones only" indicates a miscellaneous isolated bone specimen (not from a 

skull, and usually vertebrae) without flesh from a marine mammal which had died and decomposed long before 

the part was caught or entangled in gear; 14) "Skull only" indicates a miscellaneous complete skull (which may 

have attached bones or tusks) without flesh from a marine mammal which had died and decomposed long before 

the part was caught or entangled in the gear; 15) "Skull/bones" indicates a combination of a miscellaneous skull 

without flesh and unattached skeletal bones from a marine mammal which had died and decomposed long before 

the part was caught or entangled in the gear; 16) "Tusks only" indicates isolated walrus tusks were found caught 

or entangled in the gear; and 17) "Unknown" indicates that the status of the animal could not be determined as to 

whether it was dead or alive (or injured). 
132

Appendix 2.--Continued. 

2 This take occurred in the unmonitored portion of the fishery which has no observers at sea; the take was reported 

to an observer at the shoreside processing plant where the catcher vessel delivers its groundfish catch. 3 This whale may have been a humpback whale. 4 Only a 3-inch round plug of mammalian skin and blubber was found in the catch. 5 The animal was pulled from the front of the net well before the codend; the deck hand said it was alive and 

returned it to the sea before the observer could examine it. 6 This harbor seal was caught in the fish pump. 7 Large pieces of grooved throat were found in the net which were not decomposed, and the observer classified this 

take as an animal killed by the fishing operations during the haul; however, there were some circular bite marks 

noticed on the side. 8 The marine mammal boarded the ship by climbing up the stern ramp, but was subsequently injured with a minor 

back wound as the crew deterred the animal back to the sea. 9 This marine mammal may have been a Steller sea lion. 10 Many chunks of flesh were found in the catch along with many mud sharks; the observer assumed that these 

pinniped remnants were from the stomach contents of one or more of the mud sharks. 11 Only an intestine of a minke whale was found in the catch. 12 This whale may have been a minke whale. 13 This same whale was caught again in the next haul on the same date by the same vessel at 56q57'N 172q26'W. 14 This animal was presumably a baleen whale. 15 This take was considered a serious injury because the whale was presumably injured by impact with the ship's 

propeller. 16 This female northern fur seal was pregnant. 17 This unidentified phocid was either a harbor seal or spotted seal. 18 Based on the condition of the specimen, this take was originally coded by the observer as "Killed by gear". 

19 This whale may have been a killer whale. 20 The observer did not record the position of this killer whale take in the logbook. 21 This partially decomposed head of a baleen whale was dragged up off the sea bottom by the ground line. 22 The rollerman said the pinniped was hooked on its flipper with no wounds, and swam away vigorously upon 

hitting the water after its release. 23 The sea lion was hit by line weights (chains thrown by the crew) while it was being deterred from interacting 

with the catch and/or gear; it is unknown if this sea lion sustained any injuries from the incident. 24 The sea lion may have been struck by a pole gaff as the crew attempted to gaff a fish in the dark; shortly 

thereafter, when three sea lions appeared, one of the animals had an injury on its left cheek. 25 The observer did not know if the ribbon seal was dead or alive before the interaction because only a piece of fur 

(with a 5 cm wide band) was found hooked on the line; this take could have been a serious injury or mortality 

since the piece of fur was apparently ripped off the animal. 26 The sea lion was accidentally hooked by a pole gaff as the crew tried to deter the animal from the catch; a 6- to 

8-inch cut was noticeable after the gaff hook fell out of the sea lion's back, but no blood was visible. 27 One of several sea lions taking fish off the groundline apparently became hooked or entangled briefly because the 

groundline was pulled in the wrong direction and put under a great deal of stress before it snapped free. 28 This unidentified baleen whale was not a humpback whale, but it may have been a fin whale or minke whale. 
133 

Appendix 3.--List of marine mammals incidentally taken by fishing vessels in the joint venture groundfish fisheries, 

by vessel class, nation and area, in the U.S. EEZ of the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean, 

1989-1990. 

Vessel class Haul Marine 

Area monitored mammal 

Nation by seen by 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status a observer observer Location 

Large freezer trawler mothership 

Area 510 (Bering Sea) 

U.S.-Japan 

24 November 1989 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°23'N 167°29'W

 2 December 1989 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°49'N 167°09'W 

22 September 1989 Unidentified whale 1 Bones only Yes Yes 58°25'N 168°58'W 

U.S.-Republic of Korea 

15 February 1990 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°33'N 166°07'W 

19 November 1989 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Skull only Yes Yes 57°09'N 165°54'W 

26 June 1990 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed No Yes 58°18'N 159°33'W 

30 June 1990 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 58°19'N 159°13'W 

15 February 1990 Phocoena phocoena 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°33'N 166°09'W

 2 March 1990 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 56°48'N 167°28'W

 9 February 1989 Unidentified whale 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°45'N 165°11'W 

U.S.-U.S.S.R. (Russia) 

29 September 1989 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 57°51'N 167°35'W

 9 February 1989 Odobenus rosmarus 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 54°57'N 165°15'W

 4 October 1989 

16 January 1989 

Odobenus rosmarus 

Balaenoptera acutorostrata 

1 

1 

Skull only 

Killed by gear b 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

57°38'N 169°34'W 

54°47'N 165°04'W 

14 October 1989 Unidentified baleen whale 1 Baleen only Yes Yes 58°06'N 168°11'W 

10 September 1989 Unidentified whale c 1 Decomposed Yes Yes 57°57'N 167°19'W 

Area 710 (Washington, Oregon, and California) 

U.S.-Poland 

28 May 1990 Lagenorhynchus obliquidens 8 Killed by gear No Yes 46°08'N 124°20'W 

13 June 1990 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 43°16'N 124°43'W 

28 May 1990 Unidentified dolphin/porpoise 2 Killed by gear No No 46°08'N 124°20'W 

Area 720 (Washington, Oregon, and California) 

U.S.-U.S.S.R. (Russia) 

23 April 1989 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 41°05'N 124°23'W 

Large surimi trawler mothership 

Area 510 (Bering Sea) 

U.S.-Japan

 7 September 1989 Phoca vitulina 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°57'N 167°36'W 

U.S.-Republic of Korea 

13 September 1989 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 55°14'N 167°36'W 

15 October 1989 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes No 54°50'N 166°49'W 
c 

134 

Appendix 3.--Continued. 

Vessel class Haul Marine 

Area monitored mammal 

Nation by seen by 

Date Marine mammal species Number Status a observer observer Location 

Large surimi trawler mothership (continued) 

Area 520 (Bering Sea) 

U.S.-Japan 

18 October 1989 Callorhinus ursinus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°44'N 175°26'W 

17 October 1989 Eumetopias jubatus 1 Killed by gear Yes Yes 59°03'N 174°47'W 

Area 720 (Washington, Oregon, and California) 

U.S.-Japan 

22 May 1990 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear No Yes 41°22'N 124°34'W 

13 June 1990 Phocoenoides dalli 1 Killed by gear No Yes 40°43'N 124°30'W 

a The following codes were used to indicate the various types of incidental take: 1) "Killed by gear" refers to a 

marine mammal which died as a direct result of being caught or entangled in the gear during fishing operations or 

retrieval; 2) "Decomposed" indicates a marine mammal which had died previously and was in the process of 

decomposition prior to being caught or entangled in the gear; 3) "Baleen only" indicates that only an isolated 

piece of baleen was caught or entangled in the gear; 4) "Bones only" indicates a miscellaneous isolated bone 

specimen (not from a skull, and usually vertebrae) without flesh from a marine mammal which had died and 

decomposed long before the part was caught or entangled in gear; and 5) "Skull only" indicates a miscellaneous 

complete skull (which may have attached bones or tusks) without flesh from a marine mammal which had died 

and decomposed long before the part was caught or entangled in the gear. b This minke whale may have started to decompose as indicated by evidence of peeling of some of the black skin 

areas, but the observer was uncertain. The observer also noted that this skin peeling could have been due to 

entanglement in the net. 

This whale may have been a killer whale. 
135 

Appendix 4.--Summary of comments (edited) recorded by observers on the condition of marine 

mammals with injuries and/or trailing gear caused by entrapment or entanglement 

in gear during fishing operations of the domestic groundfish fisheries in the U.S. 

EEZ of the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean, 1989-2001.a 

Species/Comments Status Fishing Gear Area Date 

Callorhinus ursinus Minor injury Pelagic trawl Area 517 4 June 1990 

A northern fur seal which was caught in the net jumped into the live catch tank. After several attempts to lasso 

the animal, it finally entered the processing area where a net was thrown over it and hauled up. The seal hit its 

mouth falling off the conveyor belt and it started to bleed from the mouth. That was the only sign of injury 

and it swam away with no apparent problem. 

Callorhinus ursinus Minor injury Longline Area 541 28 February 2000 

A northern fur seal became hooked by the gear as it fed off the catch. The roller man stopped the gear with the 

seal suspended in the air and went to cut the gangion (a line that serves to attach a hook, suspended at a 

specific target depth, to the mainline of a longline) to release it. However, the seal tore free before the gangion 

could be cut. The seal was hooked on its front left flipper and bled quite severely once it tore free. The same 

seal was observed during a subsequent haul feeding on the catch. 

Eumetopias jubatus Serious injury Pelagic trawl Area 521 13 September 1990 

A Steller sea lion was brought on board entrapped in the codend. It was unusually sluggish and appeared to be 

suffering from trauma. Liquid was seen from the mouth and nose (foaming), and weak eye movement was 

observed The deck crew released it by lifting the hydraulic live tank hatch which sent the sea lion down the 

stern ramp. 

Eumetopias jubatus Minor injury Pelagic trawl Area 521 28 August 1991 

A Steller sea lion boarded the vessel and was deterred by a pressure hose. The observer noticed that the sea 

lion had several open wounds (which looked more like scrapes than punctures) which were still bleeding on its 

dorsal surface. The crew said that the animal attempted to get on top of the codend while it was still in the 

water, but the observer did not see that activity. 

Eumetopias jubatus Minor injury Non-pelagic trawl Area 610 30 September 1991 

A Steller sea lion was found in the intermediate just above the fish in the codend of the net. It was active and 

aggressive when first let out of the net, but it subsequently laid down on top of another net and rested for an 

hour. The animal had an abrasion on its snout. Eventually the crew was able to coax it to get up and go back 

to the water over the stern railing. 
136 

Appendix 4.--Continued. 

Species/Comments Status Fishing Gear Area Date 

Eumetopias jubatus Minor injury Non-pelagic trawl Area 630 19 October 1996 

A Steller sea lion was caught in the codend of the net during the last moments before the net was brought 

aboard. The animal was inside the bag which was hoisted in the air and opened from the bottom allowing the 

contents to spill into the trawl alley; it jumped over the side rail after two minutes on deck. The sea lion 

seemed traumatized but strong and responsive. Visible injuries included bleeding from the nose which looked 

superficial and bleeding from its right eye which looked badly scraped. 

Eumetopias jubatus Minor injury Longline Area 521 19 March 1994 

Three Steller sea lions were deterred from taking fish off the groundline by the crew smacking a pole gaff on 

the rail of the vessel in full reverse (causing turbulence) under heavy seas. One sea lion was accidentally 

hooked by the pole gaff and dragged through the water by the vessel. The hook fell out of the sea lion's back 

within 5 minutes. The observer could see a 6- to 8-inch long cut, but no blood was visible. 

Eumetopias jubatus Minor injury Longline Area 521 24 March 1995 

The crew speculated that one Steller sea lion was struck by a pole gaff as the crew attempted to gaff a fish. 

The pole was thrown and hit something big in the dark, and the object swam to the stern with the pole gaff. 

Two deckhands pulled the pole gaff while one of the lines straightened and it came free. Shortly thereafter, 

three sea lions showed up, approaching from the stern, and one of the animals had an injury on its left cheek. 

The observer did not see the incident. 

Eumetopias jubatus Minor injury Longline Area 540 17 April 1992 

Seven Steller sea lions were taking fish off the groundline. The crew deterred these sea lions from the catch 

by throwing several line weights (chains). One male was hit by the chains, and may have been slightly 

injured. [Area 542] 

Eumetopias jubatus Minor injury Longline Area 542 6 April 1997 

A juvenile Steller sea lion freed itself from the hook. Some blood was apparent in the water. The animal 

looked a little dazed, but it swam away after a couple of seconds. 

Unidentified otariid Minor injury Pelagic trawl Area 521 11 May 1990 

A young otariid (presumably a Steller sea lion) came up in the catch while the haul was being dumped into the 

fish holding tanks below deck. The animal was injured but still showed signs of life and was returned to the 

sea. The observer did not see the incident. 
137 

Appendix 4.--Continued. 

Species/Comments Status Fishing Gear Area Date 

Unidentified otariid Minor injury Longline Area 524 27 May 2001 

An unidentified otariid was hooked on the cheek and brought up alive on the groundline. It fell off the line 

before it reached the roller, then it twisted around and disappeared. 

Odobenus rosmarus Minor injury Non-pelagic trawl Area 514 9 May 1996 

A juvenile male walrus came up in the wings of the trawl net. It was very tired and didn't move around the 

deck much. It stayed on the deck for about 7 hours, and after it regained strength, it seemed to enjoy resting 

on the deck until it left the vessel. The walrus had a few minor skin lacerations, but looked in good (tired) 

condition. 

Unidentified pinniped Serious injury Longline Area 509 28 March 1995 

This animal was probably a Steller sea lion which was hooked through the mouth, but still alive and agitated. 

The crew freed the animal by cutting the gangion. Thus the hook was still stuck in the mouth (some trailing 

gear). The observer did not see the incident. 

Unidentified pinniped Serious injury Longline Area 540 8 July 1992 

This animal was presumably a phocid which was hooked in the mouth and still alive. The crew tried to 

disengage the hook from the seal's mouth, but ended up cutting the gangion leaving some trailing gear. The 

observer was unable to examine the damage to the mouth, but it was suggested that the seal probably wouldn't 

survive. [Area 542] 

Unidentified baleen whale Trailing gear Pot Area 513 14 July 1998 

The observer saw a baleen whale as it was hanging by the block with the buoy line wrapped around the base of 

its tail. The crew dropped the line with the whale back in the water and cut the line. The whale was breathing 

hard and slowly swam away on the surface with the diver buoy still wrapped around its tail. The animal was 

probably a fin or minke whale (it was not a humpback whale). 

Physeter macrocephalus Trailing gear Longline Area 640 21 June 1997 

A sperm whale became entangled in the longline gear. The gear was cut to prevent injury to a crewman. At 

that time the whale had to support at least 350 fathoms of gear. The crew then started from the other end of 

the gear which was still attached to the animal to try to disentangle it. However, the whale struggled and broke 

the gear. The sperm whale got away with probably 60 or more fathoms of gear still attached. 
138 

Appendix 4.--Continued. 

Species/Comments Status Fishing Gear Area Date 

Physeter macrocephalus Trailing gear Longline Area 640 25 April 2000 

While the crew was retrieving the longline gear, the line acted as though it was hung up on the bottom. A 

sperm whale was entangled in the line which did not appear to be wrapped around the animal, but near the 

head as if caught like a fish. The crew tried to free the animal from the line, but ended up cutting the line and 

possibly leaving gear with the animal. The observer recorded that the whale was injured. The observer saw 

the animal later, but it was not feeding on the catch or diving on the gear at that time. 

Orcinus orca Serious injury Non-pelagic trawl Area 510 26 October 1989 

During the haul there was a loud thud in the engine, and the crew was unsure what happened. Presumably a 

killer whale hit the vessel or propeller, and it was assumed to have been wounded. This assumption was made 

because a similar accident involving a killer whale occurred a day earlier on the same vessel; and that whale 

was assumed to have hit the ship's propeller because pieces of flesh were seen floating behind the stern then. 

The observer did not see either incident. [Area 519] 

Phocoenoides dalli Minor injury Non-pelagic trawl Area 521 7 August 1992 

A Dall's porpoise was caught in the net in front of the excluder device before the codend. A small amount of 

blood was coming from its snout area, probably from thrashing about in the net trying to get free. As soon as 

the crew got the animal back in the water, the porpoise quickly swam away apparently uninjured. However, 

the event occurred too quickly for the observer to inspect the animal thoroughly or take photographs. 

Phocoenoides dalli Trailing gear Jig Area 517 29 June 1995 

A Dall’s porpoise was caught in the line and injured (bleeding). The crew tried to maneuver close enough to 

the porpoise to disentangle it, but the line snapped. 

Unidentified cetacean Trailing gear Pelagic trawl Area 521 25 July 2001 

This animal was presumably a baleen whale that was entangled in the net. The vessel stopped hauling back 

and was going to cut the animal free, but the net rope snapped and the whale swam off. The crew only saw the 

tail of the animal, but a deckhand said it looked like the tail on the baleen whale that was killed in another haul 

by the same vessel. The observer did not see the incident. 

a Haul position data are listed in Appendix 2. 
139 

Appendix 5 -- Statistical formulae used to calculate bycatch rates and estimates. 

Estimates of catch rates of incidental mortality of marine mammals were obtained by 

ratio estimates of pooled data within a single stratum. The data were compartmentalized into 

subgroups (subgroup = stratum, indexed by the letter h ) by year, gear (and nation for JV vessels), 

statistical area, 4-week period, and vessel class. Sampling units (indexed by the letter i ) were 

defined as individual hauls (sets). Catch rates and variance were based only on bycatch data 

from observed marine mammals in monitored hauls. Since the catch rates (incidental take ratios) 

calculated with the equations below were all decimals less than one, they were multiplied by 

10,000 to facilitate readability. The phrase "marine mammals" below refers only to the marine 

mammal species for which catch rates were calculated in each analysis, unless specifically stated 

otherwise in the text or tables. Equations for ratio estimates were based on Cochran (1977) and 

Levy and Lemeshow (1999). The stratified random sampling ratio estimator for total incidental 

take was adjusted by the addition of the number of reported mortality takes from strata which 

had zero or unknown bycatch rates (i.e., from strata where no marine mammals were observed in 

monitored hauls). Confidence intervals were calculated using the adjusted ratio estimates with 

the standard errors based only on monitored hauls. 

Given: 

J = number of strata analyzed (total for year, gear or area), 

L 1 = lower 95% confidence limit, 

L 2 = upper 95% confidence limit, 

L 95% = both 95% confidence interval limits expressed as a range, 

nh = number of observed sampling units in stratum h ,

Nh = total number of sampling units in the fishery in stratum h (including those not 

observed), 

xi = metric tons of groundfish observed in sampling unit i , 

xh = mean number of metric tons of groundfish observed in stratum h , 

Xh = total metric tons of groundfish caught in the fishery in stratum h , 

yi = number of marine mammals observed in sampling unit i , 

yh = mean number of marine mammals observed in stratum h , 

= the sampling fraction ( nh / Nh ) (since Nh f is unknown, f was approximated by the h 

proportion of total groundfish catch observed), 
140 

Appendix 5 -- Continued. 

Rˆ = observed incidental take ratio (catch rate) for stratum h, 

s(Rˆ ) = standard error of observed incidental take ratio (catch rate) for stratum h, 

Yˆ

R 

= = ratio estimate of total incidental take for stratum h, 

Yˆ

Rs 

= stratified random sampling ratio estimator for total incidental take obtained by 

summing the separate ratio estimates from J strata, 

V (Yˆ

R ) = variance of ratio estimate for stratum h, and 

V (Yˆ

Rs ) = variance of stratified random sampling ratio estimator from J strata. 

As = number of marine mammals reported by observers which were unobserved (seen only 

by crew) and/or occurred in unmonitored hauls from J strata which had zero or 

unknown bycatch rates. 

Yˆ 

A = adjusted stratified random sampling ratio estimator for total incidental take. 

Catch rates and ratio estimates were obtained from: 

nh 

¦xi 

f = 1 (1) h Xh 

nh 

¦y i 

ˆ 1 = y h R = R (2) ˆ h = nh 

¦xi 

xh 

1 

ˆ 2 2 ˆ 

s(Rˆ ) = s(Rˆ h ) = 

1 - fh x ¦ yi

2 - 2Rh ¦ yixi+ Rh ¦ xi (3) 

xh nh nh - 1 

YˆR =Yˆ

Rh = Xh Rˆ h (4) 

2 V (Yˆ

R ) = V(Yˆ

Rh

 ) = Xh [s(Rˆ 

h )]

2 (5) 
141

Appendix 5 -- Continued. 

J 

ˆ Y R s= ˆ R h

1

¦Y (6) 

ˆ 

Rs V (Y ) | h 

2 

1 

( x ) ¦

ˆ h 

J 

R 

1 

¦V (Y ) (7) 

ˆY A = ˆ 

Rs Y  A s (8)

 Lower (L1) and upper (L2) 95% confidence interval (CI) limits were estimated using the following formulas 

and the appropriate values of Student's t.05[n] (where n = degrees of freedom): 

95% CI = Rˆ r t.05[n] ( s(Rˆ ) ) (9) 

95% CI = Yˆ

R r t.05[n]( V(Yˆ

R ) ) (10) 

95% CI = Yˆ

Rs r t

.05[n] ( V(Yˆ

Rs ) ) (11) 

When the calculated 95% lower confidence limit is less than the total number of observed marine mammals 

in the combined strata, then the calculated lower confidence limit is replaced by the observed number of marine 

mammals because: 

J nh 

L ( 1

(Yˆ

Rs ) must be t ¦ ¦y ) (12) i 

1 1 

When the calculated 95% upper confidence limit is less than the adjusted stratified random sampling ratio 

estimator for total incidental take, then the calculated upper confidence limit is replaced by the adjusted stratified 

random sampling ratio estimator because: 

L2

(Yˆ

Rs ) must be t Yˆ

A (13) 
142 

Appendix 6.--Average annual (1997-2001) number of marine mammals, by species and stock a, incidentally caught 

by the domestic groundfish fisheries in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in the Bering Sea, Gulf of 

Alaska and off Washington, Oregon, and California b. Catch rates are the ratio ( R

 ) and standard  error ( s R( ) ) of the average annual observed incidental take of marine mammals killed (or seriously 

injured) monitored during fishing operations to the average annual observed groundfish catch (per 

10,000 metric tons [t] basis). The coefficient of variation (CV) of the catch rate is also listed. 

Estimated mortality of marine mammals as bycatch is the average annual adjusted ratio estimate ( Yˆ 

A ) 

and its 95% confidence interval (L95%). 

Average annual values (1997-2001) 

Percent of 

groundfish 

Number 

of marine 

mammals 

Marine mammal bycatch rate 

(per 10,000 metric tons) 

Estimated bycatch 

(number of marine mammals) 

catch monitored 

Region c Fishery c,d observed in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus): Eastern Pacific stock e 

Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 0.4 0.0063 0.0040 0.6317 1.18 0.40 to 2.19 f,g 

 Bering Sea Longline 32.7 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Trawl 31.9 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Longline 12.8 0 - - - - -

Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus): San Miguel Island stock 

WA, OR and CA Trawl 76.3 0 - - - - -

California sea lion (Zalophus californianus): U.S. stock 

WA, OR and CA Trawl 76.3 0.4 0.0386 0.0132 0.3406 0.71 0.40 to 0.86 g,h 

Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus): western U.S. stock 

Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 6.2 0.0541 0.0053 0.0982 10.08 6.75 to 10.08 g,i,j

 Bering Sea 

Gulf of Alaska k 

Longline 

Trawl 

32.7 

31.8 

0 

0.4 

-

0.0778 

-

0.0534 

-

0.6856 

-

1.41 

-

0.40 to 3.30 f 

Gulf of Alaska k Longline 15.1 0 - - - - -

Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus): eastern U.S. stock 

Gulf of Alaska l Trawl 50.4 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska l Longline 5.2 0.2 1.6472 1.502 0.9119 1.20 0.20 to 3.37 f 

WA, OR and CA Trawl 76.3 0.2 0.0151 0 - 0.80 - g 

Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus): Alaska stock 

Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 0.4 0.0040 0.0017 0.4234 1.22 0.40 to 1.22 g,h,i,j 

Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus): Alaska stock 

Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 0.8 0.0084 0.0026 0.3106 1.50 0.80 to 2.09 g,h 

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina): Bering Sea stock 

 Bering Sea m Trawl 69.9 0.6 0.0068 0.0025 0.3702 0.99 0.60 to 1.71 h

 Bering Sea m Longline 32.5 0 - - - - -

 Bering Sea m Pot 14.1 0 - - - - -

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina): Gulf of Alaska stock 

 Bering Sea n Trawl 76.5 0 - - - - -

 Bering Sea n Longline 33.8 0 - - - - -

 Bering Sea n 

Gulf of Alaska k 

Pot 

Trawl 

19.2 

31.8 

0 

0 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gulf of Alaska k 

Gulf of Alaska k 

Longline 

Pot 

15.1 

5.8 

0 

0.2 

-

0.2325 

-

0.1505 

-

0.6474 

-

0.31 

-

0.20 to 0.71 f 
143 

Appendix 6.--Continued. 

Average annual values (1997-2001) 

Percent of 

groundfish 

Number 

of marine 

mammals 

Marine mammal bycatch rate 

(per 10,000 metric tons) 

Estimated bycatch 

(number of marine mammals) 

catch monitored 

Region c Fishery c,d observed in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina): Southeast Alaska stock 

Gulf of Alaska l Trawl 50.4 0 

Gulf of Alaska l Longline 5.2 0 

Gulf of Alaska l Pot <0.1 0 

- - - - -

- - - - -

- - - - -

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina): Oregon and Washington coast stock 

WA, OR and CA o g,h,j Trawl 76.3 0.4 0.0328 0.0069 0.2091 0.63 0.40 to 0.63 

Spotted seal (Phoca largha): Alaska stock 

Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 0.2 0.0016 0.0007 0.4302 0.25 0.20 to 0.46 h 

Ringed seal (Pusa hispida): Alaska stock 

Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 0.6 0.0046 0.0011 0.2442 0.71 0.60 to 1.05 h 

Ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata): Alaska stock g,h,j Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 0.2 0.0014 0.0004 0.2878 0.42 0.20 to 0.42 

Bering Sea Longline 32.7 0.2 0.0427 0.0350 0.8185 0.60 0.20 to 1.57 f 

Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris): California breeding stock 

 Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 0 - - - - -

 Bering Sea Longline 32.7 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Trawl 31.9 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Longline 12.8 0 - - - - -

WA, OR and CA Trawl g,h 76.3 0.4 0.0538 0.0266 0.4947 0.91 0.40 to 1.41 

Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae): Central and Western North Pacific stocks p 

Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 0.4 0.0041 0.0018 0.4384 0.64 0.40 to 1.19 h

 Bering Sea Longline 32.7 0 - - - - -

 Bering Sea Pot 14.6 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Trawl 31.9 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Longline 12.8 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Pot 5.8 0 - - - - -

Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata): Alaska stock 

Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 0.2 0.0020 0.0012 0.6060 0.32 0.20 to 0.69 f

 Bering Sea Longline 32.7 0 - - - - -

 Bering Sea Pot 14.6 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Trawl 31.9 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Longline 12.8 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Pot 5.8 0 - - - - -

Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus): Northeast Pacific stock 

 Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 0 - - - - -

 Bering Sea Longline 32.7 0 - - - - -

 Bering Sea Pot 14.6 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Trawl 31.9 0.2 0.0328 0.0268 0.8160 0.59 0.20 to 1.55 f 

Gulf of Alaska Longline 12.8 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Pot 5.8 0 - - - - -
144 

Appendix 6.--Continued. 

Average annual values (1997-2001) 

Percent of 

groundfish 

Number 

of marine 

mammals 

Marine mammal bycatch rate 

(per 10,000 metric tons) 

Estimated bycatch 

(number of marine mammals) 

catch monitored 

Region c Fishery c,d observed in hauls Rˆ )ˆ (R s CV Yˆ

A L %95 

Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus): North Pacific stock 

Gulf of Alaska Longline 12.8 0.4 0.3108 0.1749 0.5629 1.00 0.40 to 2.11 f 

Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens): North Pacific stock 

 Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 0 - - - - -

 Bering Sea Longline 32.7 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Trawl 31.9 0 - - - - -

Gulf of Alaska Longline 12.8 0 - - - - -

Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens): California/Oregon/Washington stocks 

WA, OR and CA Trawl 76.3 0.2 0.0151 0 - 0.20 -

Killer whale (Orcinus orca): Eastern North Pacific northern resident and transient stocks p 

g,h Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 

Bering Sea Longline 32.7 

Gulf of Alaska Trawl 31.9 

Gulf of Alaska Longline 12.8 

0.6 0.0054 0.0017 0.3196 1.23 0.60 to 1.35 

0.2 0.0336 0.0255 0.7587 0.47 0.20 to 1.18 f 

0 - - - - -

0 - - - - -

Killer whale (Orcinus orca): Eastern North Pacific offshore stock 

WA, OR and CA Trawl 76.3 0 - - - - -

Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena): Bering Sea stock 

Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 0.6 0.0070 0.0027 0.3874 1.09 0.60 to 1.92 h 

Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena): Gulf of Alaska stock 

Gulf of Alaska k Trawl 31.8 0 - - - - -

Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena): Southeast Alaska stock 

Gulf of Alaska l Trawl 50.4 0 - - - - -

Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena): Oregon/Washington coast stock 

WA, OR and CA q Trawl 76.4 0 - - - - -

Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena): Northern California/Southern Oregon stock 

WA, OR and CA r Trawl 72.8 0 - - - - -

Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli): Alaska stock g Bering Sea Trawl 70.3 

 Bering Sea Longline 32.7 

 Bering Sea Jig <0.1 

Gulf of Alaska Trawl 31.9 

Gulf of Alaska Longline 12.8 

Gulf of Alaska Jig 0 

3.0 0.0324 0.0061 0.1882 5.41 3.16 to 6.87 

0 - - - 0.20 - g

0 - - - - -

0.2 0.0175 0.0107 0.6125 0.32 0.20 to 0.70 f 

0 - - - - -

- - - - - -

Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli): California/Oregon/Washington stock 

WA, OR and CA Trawl g,h 76.3 1.2 0.1628 0.0761 0.4676 2.56 1.20 to 4.14 

Sea otter (Enhydra lutris): Southwest Alaska stock 

 Bering Sea Pot 14.6 0 - - - - -
145 

Appendix 6.--Continued. 

a The stock categories were taken from Angliss and Lodge (2002) and Carretta et al. (2002). b The data presented in this table was adapted from Perez (in prep a) to be consistent with the format of Tables 3-7 

in the current report. c Estimated average annual bycatch of marine mammals during 1997-2001 is listed for each identified species that 

was incidentally killed (or seriously injured) by any gear in the groundfish fisheries in each region during 

1973-2001 based on the data in Tables 3-7, Appendices 2-3, and in Perez and Loughlin (1991). d Although not listed in this appendix, the pot fishery in the Bering Sea did have a minimum average annual 

bycatch of 0.2 cetaceans during 1997-2001 because there was one observed and unidentified baleen whale 

entangled in the fishing gear lines in 1998; the whale was released with trailing gear (see Table 5 and 

Appendix 2). e Although northern fur seals migrate annually from Alaska to waters where the at-sea Pacific whiting fishery 

occurs, trawl sets of this fishery occurred only in the months from May to November (1997-2001); this is a 

seasonal period when most northern fur seals of the Eastern Pacific stock are typically in Alaska (Angliss and 

Lodge 2002). f The estimated lower 95% confidence level was less than zero; the number of marine mammals monitored in hauls 

was used as a substitute. g Reported bycatch occurred in the nonsampled hauls of observed cruises. h The estimated lower 95% confidence level was less than the number of animals reported by U.S. observers; the 

number of marine mammals monitored in hauls was used as a substitute. i The number of animals reported killed (or with serious injuries or trailing gear) during fishing operations by 

observers from both sampled and unmonitored hauls exceeded the estimated bycatch in some component strata of 

some years; the number reported dead was used as a substitute in those particular strata. 

j The estimated upper 95% confidence level was less than the adjusted estimated bycatch; the latter was used as a 

substitute. k Includes only statistical areas 610, 620, 630, 640 and 649 (Fig. 2). l Includes only statistical areas 650 and 659 (Fig. 2). Although animals of this stock can be found at locations east 

of Cape Suckling (144°N) in statistical area 640 (Fig. 2), that area was excluded because the blend data for 

individual statistical areas could not be subdivided. m Excludes the Aleutian Islands area (statistical areas 541, 542 and 543 in Fig. 1) of the Bering Sea region. n Includes only statistical areas 541, 542 and 543 (Fig. 1). o Includes only statistical areas 670, 710 and 720 (Fig. 3). p The two stocks overlap in the same geographical areas (Angliss and Lodge 2002); it was not possible to 

determine how each stock was impacted by the different components of the groundfish fisheries. q Includes only statistical areas 670 and 710 (Fig. 3). r Includes only statistical area 720 (Fig. 3). 
RECENT TECHNICAL MEMORANDUMS


Copies of this and other NOAA Technical Memorandums are available from the 

National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22167 

(web site: www.ntis.gov). Paper and microfiche copies vary in price. 

AFSC137 MASELKO, J. M., A. C. WERTHEIMER, and J. F. THEDINGA. 2003. Selection and application of a markand-recapture technique for estimating pink salmon escapements, 44 p. NTIS No. PB2003-107101. 

136 BARBEAUX, S. J., and M. W. DORN. 2003. Spatial and temporal analysis of eastern Bering Sea echo 

integration-trawl survey and catch data of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, for 2001 and 2002, 

34 p. NTIS number pending. 

135 DIETER, B. E., D. A. WION, and R. A. MCCONNAUGHEY. 2003. Mobile fishing gear effects on benthic 

habitats: A bibliography (second edition), 207 p. NTIS number pending. 

134 ROBSON, B. W. (editors). 2002. Fur seal investigations, 2000-2001, 80 p. NTIS No. PB2003-103825. 

133 ANGLISS, R. A., and K. L. LODGE. 2002. Alaska marine mammal stock assessments, 2002, 224 p. 

NTIS PB2003-103793. 

132 DOYLE, M. J.., M. S. BUSBY, J. T. DUFFY-ANDERSON, S. J. PICQUELLE, and A. C. MATARESE. 

2002. Aspects of the early life history of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the northwestern Gulf of Alaska: A 

historical perspective based on larval collections October 1977- March 1979, 32 p. NTIS No. PB2002-

102535. 

131 SEASE, J. L., and C. J. GUDMUNDSON. 2002. Aerial and land-based surveys of Steller sea lions 

(Eumetopias jubatus) from the western stock in Alaska, June and July 2001 and 2002, 45 p. NTIS No. 

PB2003-102164. 

130 AYDIN, K. Y., V. V. LAPKO, V. I. RADCHENKO, and P. A. LIVINGSTON. 2002. A comparison of the 

eastern and western Bering Sea shelf and slope ecosystems through the use of mass-balance food 

web models, 78 p. NTIS No. PB2003-100518. 

129 FERRERO, R. C., and L. W. FRITZ. 2002. Steller sea lion research coordination: a brief history and 

summary of recent progress, 34 p. NTIS No. PB2002-107912. 

128 WEINBERG, K. L., M. E. WILKINS, F. R. SHAW, and M. ZIMMERMANN. 2002. The 2001 Pacific 

west coast bottom trawl survey of groundfish resources: Estimates of distribution, abundance, and 

length and age composition, 140 p. + Appendices. NTIS No. PB2002-108221. 

127 MARQUETTE, W. M. 2002. Annotated bibliography of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, 

1767-1983, 325 p. NTIS No. PB2002-108033. 

126 HONKALEHTO, T., W. PATTON, S. DE BLOIS, and N. WILLIAMSON. 2002. Echo integration-trawl 

survey results for walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) on the Bering Sea shelf and slope during 

summer 2000, 66 p. NTIS No. PB2002-104686. 

125 HONKALEHTO, T., N. WILLIAMSON, and S. DE BLOIS. 2002. Echo integration-trawl survey results 

for walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) on the Bering Sea shelf and slope during summer 1999, 

77 p. NTIS No. PB2002-104686. 

124 ANGLISS, R. P., D. P. DEMASTER, and A. L. LOPEZ. 2001. Alaska marine mammal stock 

assessments, 2001, 203 p. NTIS No. PB2002-105390.