#### In the Matter of the Application of John J. Ryan for Writ of Certiorari against William J. Gaynor, Mayor of City of New York. In the Matter of the Application of William H. Ten Eyck for Writ of Certiorari against William J. Gaynor, Mayor of the City of New York. In the Matter of the Application of John P. Windolph for Writ of Certiorari against William J. Gaynor, Mayor of the City of New York. In the Matter of the Application of John E. Cowan for Writ of Certiorari against William J. Gaynor, Mayor of City of New York.

(Supreme Court, New York Special Term,

March, 1910.)

Certiorari — When the writ lies — Exercise of judicial functions.

The action of the mayor "of the city of New York in removing the aqueduct commissioners, appointed and acting under the Laws of 1883, chapter 490, and the acts amendatory thereof, by a written notice, without trial or hearing, is not reviewable by a writ of certiorari. .

*482Application for a writ of certiorari.

Strasbourger, Eschwege & Schallek, for applicant.

Archibald R. Watson, Corporation Counsel, (Terence Earley, Assistant Corporation Counsel of counsel), for defendant.

Newburger, J.

This is an application for the issuance of a writ of certiorari directed to the mayor of the city of Eew York requiring him to certify to the court Ms proceeding in the matter of the removal of the petitioners as aqueduct commissioners of the city of Eew York. Petitioners were on the 16th day of February, 1910, removed by William J. Gaynor, who notified them in writing of the fact that he had removed them, and at the same time appointed four others in their place and stead, who qualified and entered into possession of the office. The notice of removal is as" follows:

> “ City op Few York, Oppice op the Mayor, *February*

> 15, 1910.

> “ Sirs.— I hereby remove you as aqueduct commissioners appointed and acting under chapter 490 of the Laws of 1883 and the acts amendatory thereof.

> “ WILLIAM J. GAYE OR,

> “ *Mayor.*

> *“*To John F. Cowan, William H. Ten Eyck, John J. Ryan

> and John P. Windolph, Esqs.”

The petition, after reciting these facts, further states that the petitioners protested against their removal and expressed their willingness to perform their duties; that they were removed without notice, without the information of the charges against them, without being notified of the cause thereof, without being given an opportunity of being heard, and without the governor approving of the action of the mayor; that the action of the mayor was illegal in that no charges were preferred against them, nor were they informed *483of the cause of their removal; that no notice of the proposed action was ever.given to them. It is conceded that there was no trial or hearing before the mayor. The question to be determined is: Is certiorari the proper remedy in this proceeding? It has been repeatedly held that the office of the writ of certiorari is confined to the review of the judicial proceedings of inferior bodies, and as was said by Mr. Justice Kellogg in People ex rel. Howe v. Conway, 59 App. Div. 329: “If there has been no judicial proceeding and none attempted, the writ will not lie. If there has been.no judicial determination, no subject for such a determination, how can there be a review? It is not every arbitrary act of an executive officer, though such act may affect persons and property, which is so reviewable. ‘A, common law certiorari is in the nature of an appeal from the judgments and judicial determination of inferior tribunals, and officers acting under statutory authority or when the proceeding is not according to the common law (People ex rel. Corwin v. Walter, 68 N. Y. 403).’ ” In the case above cited the relator was a school commissioner of the city of Troy, and although he claimed he was entitled to a hearing the mayor of the city removed him without such hearing. In the case of People *ex*rel. Segee v. Hayes, 106 App. Div. 564, Mr. Justice Ingraham says: “ We think that where a person holding a subordinate position in a department of the city government is discharged in violation of this provision of the charter, without any investigation as to charges against him, or without giving him an opportunity to make an explanation before his removal, the proper proceeding for his reinstatement is an application for a mandamus. * * * Where there has been no determination of a question presented to the appointing power for a judicial determination and the rights secured to an employee have been disregarded, there is no judicial proceeding which can be reviewed by certiorari.” In People ex rel. Kennedy v. Brady, 166 N. Y. 47, Mr. Justice O’Brien says: “ Official acts, executive, legislative, administrative or ministerial in their nature or character, were never subject to review by certiorari. The writ could be issued only for the purpose of reviewing some judicial *484act,” citing People ex rel. Copcutt v. Board of Health, 140 N. Y. 1, and a number of other cases. In the cases cited by the relators no question was raised as to the power of the court to issue the writ. Section 2140 of the Code of Civil Procedure, cited by the relators, refers to the procedure •after the issuance of the writ and not to the power of the court to issue the writ. The assumption of power by the mayor, which it is claimed he did not possess, is not such a judicial determination which would authorize this court to review by certiorari. The relators have a sufficient remedy against the action of the mayor. The motions for writs of certiorari must be denied.

Motions denied.