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Water In America 

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Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A) 

Washington, DC 20460 

EPA 305-R-05-002 

September 2005 
National Summary of Public Water Systems Compliance in 2003

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

What Information is in This Report? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Public Water System Sizes and Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Overall Compliance Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Health-Based Drinking Water Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Monitoring and Reporting Drinking Water Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Community Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Non-Community Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

How Does EPA Help PWS Comply With Requirements? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

What Happens to Systems in Violation of the Requirements? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

How is the Quality of the Data EPA Uses for This Report? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

What is EPA Doing to Improve Data Quality? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

How Does EPA Evaluate State Reports? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Comparison of 2002 and 2003 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

TCR Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Trends Since 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Implementation of Prior Year Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

2003 Report Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

National Summary of Compliance for Public Water Systems in Indian Country in 2003

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Public Water Systems in Indian Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Public Water Systems in Alaska and Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Data Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Compliance Assistance and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Financial Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Table of Contents Page i • September 2005 
Appendix A 

Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A–1

Appendix B 

Summaries of State Annual Compliance Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B–1 

Appendix C 

Map of Indian Lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C–1

List of Tables 

Table A–1: Significant Monitoring Violations for Annual State Public Water System Reports . . . . . . . .A–4 

Table A–2: Summary of Drinking Water Regulations for Public Water Systems During 2003 . . . . . . . .A–5 

Table B–1: Summary of Elements Reported by States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B–5

September 2005 • Page ii 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Table of Contents 
National Summary of 

Public Water Systems Compliance in 2003 

INTRODUCTION


The National Public Water Systems Compliance 

Report for 2003 describes how the 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its 

state and tribal partners are meeting the goal of 

ensuring that Americans receive safe drinking 

water from public water systems. 

Some of the ways that EPA measures attaining 

this goal is to track the number of public water 

systems that may not be meeting health-based 

drinking water standards, or monitoring and 

reporting requirements. 

In 2003 94% of America’s public water 

systems reported no violations of a healthbased drinking water standard. 

Public Water Systems 

A Public Water System (PWS) is a system that 

provides water for human consumption, if such 

system has at least 15 service connections or 

regularly serves at least 25 individuals at least 60 

days out of the year. A public water system can be 

one of three types: 

•	 Community Systems (CWS) serve at least 15 

service connections (which may include 

factories, schools, or places of housing that are 

on the same distribution system as residences) 

used by year-round residences or regularly serve 

at least 25 year-round residents. 

•	 Non-transient Non-community Systems


(NTNCWS) serve at least 25 of the same


persons over six months per year not at their


residence (e.g., schools or factories that have


their own water source).


•	 Transient Non-community Systems (TNCWS) 

serve at least 25 persons (but not the same 25) 

over six months per year not at their residence 

(e.g., campgrounds or highway rest stops that 

have their own water source). 

EPA prepares a National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report for every calendar year. This 

report uses calendar year, which is from January 

through December, while other reports or 

databases may use the fiscal year which is from 

October through September. The report is an 

annual summary of reported violations at the 

nation’s public water systems. This report also 

discusses the data we use to measure our 

success and the progress we are making in our 

efforts to increase data reliability and 

completeness. The report also summarizes and 

evaluates annual reports prepared by the states.1 

The first part of this report provides a national 

picture of the public water system compliance 

using data from the Safe Drinking Water 

Information System/Federal Version (SDWIS). 

SDWIS is the national database where states and 

tribes with primacy report annually to EPA 

violations of the maximum contaminant levels, 

treatment techniques, significant monitoring and 

reporting, significant consumer notification, 

variance and/or exemptions. EPA aggregates these 

reported violations at all public water systems in 

states, commonwealths, territories and in Indian 

country to present a national summary of 

violations, and then presents summaries of 

significant monitoring and reporting violations, 

significant public notification violations, and 

violations of health-based standards at the 

different kinds of public water systems. 

The second part of this report presents 

information on public water systems in Indian 

country. 

A glossary of terms used in this report appears 

in Appendix A. 

Summaries and evaluations of completeness of 

the states’ annual public water systems reports 

for 2003 are presented in Appendix B. 

1 The term “state” includes 57 states, commonwealths, and territories that have been approved to implement the drinking water 

program within their jurisdiction. It also includes the Navajo Nation, which received EPA approval to implement its drinking 

water program on December 6, 2000. Federal approval to implement the drinking water program is called primary 

enforcement authority, or “primacy.” During calendar year 2003, EPA directly implemented the drinking water program in 

Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and throughout most of Indian country other than the Navajo Nation. EPA is responsible 

for reporting violations in areas where the Agency directly implements the program. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary	 Page 1 • September 2005 
Information Sent to Customers: 

— 

detected in its water and the risks of exposure to those 

with a more complete picture of drinking water quality 

and systems operations. The annual CCR tells 

While medium systems and small systems are required 

intended to ensure that consumers will always know if 

water if the level of a contaminant in the water exceeds 

is a waterborne disease outbreak or any other situation 

that may pose a risk to the public health, if the water 

system fails to test its water as required, or if the 

system has a variance or exemption from the 

Information on the Internet: 

— 

individual water systems, contaminants that may be in 

Additional Information: 

— Billing statements 

should provide a number to call with questions. 

— 

of violating facilities. 

America’s public water systems. 

— 

— 

information on environmental activities that may affect 

Consumer Confidence Report 

(http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/pdfs/quickrefguide 

_ccr.pdf) Every community water system is required to 

produce a yearly report identifying the contaminants 

contaminants. The annual water quality report or 

consumer confidence report (CCR) provides customers 

customers what is in their water, where it comes from, 

and where they can obtain additional information. Large 

systems are required to mail their customers the report. 

to produce the report, these systems may obtain a 

waiver from the mailing requirement. Very small 

systems are only required to print the report in the local 

newspaper. 

Public Notification Rule — (http://www.epa.gov/ 

safewater/pws/pn/rulefact.html) Public water systems 

must notify their customers if there has been a violation 

of drinking water standards. Public notification is 

there is a problem with their drinking water. Public 

water systems must notify the people who drink their 

EPA, State, or tribal drinking water regulations, if there 

regulations. Depending on the severity of the situation, 

water suppliers have 24 hours to one year to notify 

their customers. Public notification is provided in 

addition to the CCR. 

Safewater Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/safewater) 

Provides information on the Safe Drinking Water Act, 

drinking water, and what individuals can do to help 

protect sources of their drinking water. 

Call the Community Water System 

State Public Water Systems Compliance Report 

Each state’s annual report discusses the violations at its 

public water systems. Most state reports include a list 

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 

(this report) — Summarizes all reported violations at 

Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791) 

Answers questions about drinking water, lets callers 

order documents from EPA, and can refer callers to EPA 

experts if they need more information. 

Envirofacts Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/enviro) 

Allows the public to access EPA databases containing 

air, water, and land anywhere in the United States. 

How Does The Public Find Out If Its Drinking Water Is Safe? 

WHAT INFORMATION IS IN THIS REPORT? 

This report uses information from SDWIS/FED, 

the national database where EPA records 

information that the states are required to report 

about their public water systems. For the 

national public water system compliance reports, 

EPA examines SDWIS/FED records of violations 

of primary drinking water regulations that 

specify: 1) the maximum permissible level of a 

contaminant in water that is delivered to any 

user of a public water system (Maximum 

Contaminant Level or MCL); 2) techniques for 

treating water to make it safe; 3) monitoring and 

reporting requirements (how and when water 

must be tested and the results reported); and 

4) significant user notification violations.2 

•	 While SDWIS/FED collects information on 

monitoring and reporting violations, only 

“significant” monitoring and reporting 

violations are counted in this report. A 

“significant” monitoring and reporting 

violation occurs, with rare exceptions, when 

no samples are taken or no results are 

reported during a compliance period. Table 

A–1 provides a more detailed description of 

significant monitoring violations for the 

different rules. 

This report tabulates only “significant” monitoring and reporting and notification (e.g., CCR) violations. Table A–1 presents 

descriptions of significant monitoring violations for the different drinking water regulations. 

September 2005 • Page 2	 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 

2 
•	 A significant user notification violation occurs 

when a community water system completely 

failed to provide to its users a required 

report. Significant user notification violations 

include violations of the Consumer 

Confidence Report Regulation and violations 

of the Public Notification Regulations. 

•	 The information provided in the Consumer 

Confidence Report (CCR) will supplement 

public notification that water systems must 

provide to their customers upon discovering 

any violation of a contaminant standard. The 

CCR should not be the primary notification of 

potential health risk posed by drinking water, 

but will provide customers with a snapshot of 

the quality of their drinking water supply. 

•	 Public notification helps to ensure that 

consumers receive timely information about 

problems with their drinking water. These 

public notification requirements have always 

been a part of the Safe Drinking Water Act. 

EPA routinely evaluates state programs by 

conducting data verification audits and triennial 

national summary evaluations. These triennial 

reviews revealed that only 65% of the apparent 

MCL violations and 23% of the apparent 

monitoring and reporting violations had been 

reported to SDWIS/FED (although what percent 

of the unreported monitoring and reporting 

violations are significant violations is unknown). 

Since the reviews, EPA and its state partners 

have worked towards the identification and 

resolution of any problems that may have 

Percentage of Systems by Type 

33% 

12% 

55% 

Transient Non-Community 

Community 

Non-Transient Non-Community 

•	 53,312 community water systems served 

more than 273 million people in their 

primary residences. 

•	 19,575 non-transient non-community 

systems (schools, factories) served over 

6 million people in places they frequented. 

•	 88,128 transient non-community systems 

(campgrounds, highway rest stops) served a 

constantly changing user base of over 28 

million people. 

Most public water systems were small, but 

large systems served a majority of the people 

who drank water from a public water system. 

Size vs. Users Served3 

95% 

produced data discrepancies in the past, and to 100% 

prevent the occurrence of future problems. 80% 

More discussions of data quality concerns,


triennial reviews, and EPA’s recommendations 60%


appear later in this report.


40% 

FINDINGS	 20% 

Public Water System Sizes and Types 0% 

Small Systems Large Systems 

13% 

2% 

78% 

In 2003, 161,015 public water systems 

together served over 308 million users. The Percentage of Systems Percentage of Users Served 

actual number of individuals served was 

smaller, because millions of Americans drank 

water from, and were counted as users by, 

more than one public water system during the 

course of the year. 

•	 95% of America’s public water systems 

(including nearly all of the transient noncommunity systems) served 3,300 or fewer 

users. Together, these 152,205 small systems 

provided service to only 13% of all users. 

3	 Because approximately 3% of public water systems are “medium” in size, i.e., serve between 3,301 and 10,000 users, and 

because approximately 9% of the population is served by them, this report omits a separate discussion of “medium” systems. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary	 Page 3 • September 2005 
•	 2% of America’s public water systems served 

more than 10,000 users. Together, these 

3,920 large systems provided service to 78% 

of all users. 

Overall Compliance Picture 

Most Americans received drinking water from 

public water systems that recorded no 

significant violations in 2003. 

Users Served by PWS 

Without Reported Significant Violations 

78% 

22% 

Users Served by PWS without 

Reported Significant Violations 

Users Served by PWS with 

Reported Significant Violations 

For 74% of the public water systems in America, 

there was no report of a health-based violation 

nor were there reports of significant monitoring 

and reporting violations. The primacy states 

reported either a health-based violation, a 

significant monitoring and reporting violation, or 

a significant CCR violation at 42,107 public water 

systems in 2003. 

PWS with Reported Significant Violations 

74% 

26% 

No Reported Significant Violation 

Reported Significant Violation of Some Kind 

•	 78% of the population served by public water 

systems received drinking water from a 

system that reported no violations of a 

health-based standard, was not cited for a 

significant violation of a monitoring and 

reporting requirement, and issued a 

consumer confidence report, if required. 

•	 There were 9,937 reported violations of the 

CCR Rule in 2003. 

One violation of a variance or exemption was 

reported to SDWIS/FED during 2003. 

•	 Under Federal law, states can grant variances 

or exemptions to public water systems in 

limited circumstances allowing them to install 

alternative technology or giving them more 

time to meet a standard if public health is 

adequately protected in the interim. The 

states reported one violation of variances and 

exemptions for the few public water systems 

that were operating under a variance or 

exemption in 2003. 

Health-Based Drinking Water Standards 

94% of America’s public water systems 

reported no violations of a health-based 

drinking water standard in 2003 which 

impacts 94% of the users served by public 

water systems. 

September 2005 • Page 4	 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
PWS With No Reported Health-Based Violations	 Monitoring and Reporting


Drinking Water Standards


6% 

94% 

Approximately two-thirds of the 103,953 

violations the states reported to SDWIS/FED in 

2003 were for a public water system’s significant 

failure to monitor and report, rather than a 

violation of a standard. 

Type of Reported Significant Violations 

Systems with Reported Health-Based Violations 

Systems with No Reported Health-Based Violations 

The Maximum Contaminant Level for the Total 

Coliform Rule (TCR) is the health-based standard 

most frequently violated. SDWIS/FED recorded 

14,435 violations of health-based standards in 

2003. Sixty-eight percent (68%) of these 

violations were violations of the MCL for the Total 

Coliform Rule (TCR), which must be met by all 

67% 

19% 14%

Monitoring and Reporting types and sizes of public water systems.4 

Health-Based 

The health-based standard that was reported CCR/PN

with the least number of violations was the 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule 

(IESWTR) with just over a hundred violations. 

Only the largest public water systems are subject 

to the IESWTR. 

•	 If a system did not monitor the quality of its 

water, it is impossible to know if it has 

violated a health-based requirement. For this 

reason, a system’s significant failure to 

Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule monitor and report is a major violation that 

must be addressed and corrected. 

100% 

12% 

68% 

5% 2% 

13% 

•	 48% of the 70,122 significant monitoring and 90% reporting violations reported by the states 80% were violations of the monitoring and 70% reporting requirements of the TCR. The 60% states reported 9% fewer violations than the 50% previous year. This was due to a 49% 40% decrease in monitoring and reporting 30% violations for the Chemical Contaminant 20% Group rules. 10%


0%


Chem TCR LCR SWTR/ DBPR


IESWTR


Percentage of Health-Based Violations 

4 For the annual compliance reports, EPA tracks violations of the contaminant rules in five categories: 1) chemical contaminants (Chem) — violations of rules for organic, inorganic (except for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants — 

compliance with many organic and inorganic standards is determined on the basis of shared samples, with one missed sample 

resulting in a monitoring and reporting violation of many standards; 2) total coliform (TCR); 3) lead and copper (LCR); 4) 

surface water treatment (SWTR) Interim Enhanced Surface Water (IESWTR), filter backwash recycling rule; Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule; and 5) Disinfection By-Product Rule (DBPR). Coliform bacteria are usually not a 

threat to humans, but their presence in drinking water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, 

more dangerous microbes. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary	 Page 5 • September 2005 
Does a Health-Based Violation Mean Drinking the Water Causes Illness?


It is important to note that a public water system’s 

violation of a health-based standard does not mean 

that the people who drank the system’s water got 

sick. A health-based violation means either that the 

system has exposed its users to what EPA has judged 

as an unreasonable risk of illness, or that the system 

has failed to treat its water to the extent EPA has 

judged necessary to protect its users from an 

unreasonable risk of illness in the event that the 

regulated contaminant is present in source water. 

Many variables affect the likelihood of illness resulting 

from health-based violations, among them the 

duration of the violation, whether or not the violation 

occurred in an isolated section of a complex public 

water system, and the extent to which contamination 

exceeds the allowable level. 

While modern treatment systems have substantially 

reduced the incidence of waterborne disease, drinking 

water contamination remains a significant health risk 

management challenge. Studies by the Centers for 

Disease Control (CDC) indicate that between 1980 

and 1998 there were 419 outbreaks of illness linked 

to contamination in drinking water resulting in an 

estimated 511,000 cases of disease (Craun and 

Calderon, 1996; Levy et al., 1998; Barwick et al., 

2000). The majority of outbreaks in the U.S. occurred 

at surface water systems. Nearly 80% of all reported 

cases of illness were associated with the 1993 

Cryptosporidium outbreak in Milwaukee, WI, which 

resulted in an estimated 403,000 cases (MacKenzie 

et al. 1994; McDonald et al. 2001). 

The number of waterborne disease outbreaks 

identified and reported in the CDC database is 

believed, however, to understate the actual incidence 

of outbreaks and cases of illness (Craun and 

Calderon, 1996; National Research Council, 1997). 

The most recent CDC report on outbreak data for 

2001–2002 is available at 

http:www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/SS/SS5308.pdf. 

Recognized and reported waterborne disease 

outbreaks are usually the result of exposure to 

waterborne pathogens that cause acute 

gastrointestinal illness with diarrhea, abdominal 

discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Because such 

illnesses are generally of short duration in healthy 

people, many individuals experiencing these 

symptoms do not seek medical attention. Where 

medical attention is sought, the pathogenic agent may 

not be identified through routine testing. 

Consequently, outbreaks are often not recognized in a 

community or, if recognized, are not traced to a 

drinking water source. Moreover, an unknown but 

probably significant portion of waterborne disease is 

endemic (i.e., isolated cases not associated with an 

outbreak) and, thus, is even more difficult to 

recognize. Waterborne disease information does not 

include information on diseases that would be caused 

by contaminants with chronic effects. 

EPA’s health-based standards are intended to provide 

an adequate margin of safety not just for healthy 

people, but also for populations that are at greater 

risk from waterborne disease. These sensitive 

subpopulations include children (especially the very 

young), the elderly, the malnourished, pregnant 

women, the disease-impaired (e.g., those with 

diabetes, cystic fibrosis), and a broad category of 

those with compromised immune systems, such as 

AIDS patients, those with autoimmune disorders (e.g., 

rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple 

sclerosis), transplant recipients, and those on 

chemotherapy (Rose, 1997). Immunocompromised 

persons are more likely than healthy individuals to 

contract waterborne disease, the severity and duration 

of their illness is often greater, and they are at a 

greater risk of death. 

September 2005 • Page 6 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
Community Water Systems 

Although community water systems make up 

only one-third of the public water systems in 

America, they serve 87% of population served by 

public water systems. 

•	 76% of the population served by community 

water systems received drinking water from a 

system that reported no violations of a 

health-based standard, was not cited for a 

significant violation of a monitoring and 

reporting requirement, and issued a 

consumer confidence report as required. 

•	 A little over 18,000 (34%) out of the over 

53,000 community water systems had 

significant violations. Of the 273 million 

users served in their primary residence by 

community water systems, approximately 65 

million received their water from one of the 

violating community water systems. 

•	 Approximately 2,000 (23%) of the almost 

8,560 larger community water systems 

serving more than 3,300 users had significant 

violations. These violating larger community 

systems served almost 58 million of the 273 

million users served in their primary 

residence by community water systems. 

•	 Of the approximately 44,800 small 

community water systems serving 3,300 

users or less in their primary residence, over 

16,100 (36%) had significant violations. Over 

7.1 million users were served by these small

community water systems. 

•	 The Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule 

requires all community water systems to 

provide an annual report to customers 

identifying the contaminants detected in their 

water and the health risks associated with 

those contaminants. As reported to 

SDWIS/FED, 87% of community water 

systems complied with the CCR Rule. 

•	 In calendar year 2003, 7,155 community 

water systems were found to have a 

“significant” violation of the CCR Rule, 

meaning that the community water system 

completely failed to provide the required 

report. 

Non-Community Water Systems 

•	 Approximately 24,000 (22%) out of over 

107,000 non-community water systems had 

significant violations. The vast majority of 

these were small non-community water 

systems serving 3,300 users or less. Together 

these small systems with significant violations 

served only 3.2 million users out of the 

approximately 35 million users served by 

non-community water systems. 

•	 52 (21%) out of 250 larger non-community 

water systems serving more than 3,300 users 

had significant violations. Together these 52 

larger non-community systems served only 

about 658,000 (1.9%) users of the 

approximately 35 million users served by 

non-community water systems. 

HOW DOES EPA HELP PWS 

COMPLY WITH REQUIREMENTS? 

Primacy States and EPA engage in a variety of 

activities to help public water systems remain in 

and return to compliance, including formal 

enforcement actions, informal actions, and 

compliance and technical assistance. State and 

EPA compliance assistance efforts to help a 

source remain in or return to compliance may 

include: 

•	 conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys 

at public water systems (i.e., an on-site 

review of the water sources, facilities, 

equipment, operations, and maintenance to 

evaluate their adequacy in producing and 

distributing safe drinking water); 

•	 helping systems invest in preventive 

measures; 

•	 providing financial assistance for system 

improvements through the Drinking Water 

State Revolving Fund and other State funding 

programs; 

•	 reviewing water system plans and 

specifications; 

•	 conducting training sessions; 

•	 holding public information meetings; 

•	 lending specialized monitoring equipment; 

and 

•	 publishing informational bulletins and 

newsletters on training events and other 

educational opportunities. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary	 Page 7 • September 2005 
What Happens to Systems in 

Violation of the Requirements? 

When a drinking water violation is detected and 

it is determined that compliance assistance is not 

the best tool to return a source to compliance, 

EPA guidelines require a response from the 

primacy agency as a condition of funding. 

Acceptable responses include a variety of formal 

and informal actions as the state or EPA attempts 

to return a violating public water system to 

compliance as quickly as possible. 

Generally, the primacy agency’s first responses to 

violations are informal actions such as: 

•	 compliance assistance as appropriate; 

•	 reminder letters; 

•	 warning letters; 

•	 notices of violation; 

•	 field visits; and 

•	 telephone calls. 

If the violation continues or recurs, the primacy 

agency must initiate a formal enforcement 

response that requires the violating public water 

system to return to compliance. Formal 

enforcement responses include: 

•	 citations; 

•	 administrative orders with or without 

penalties; 

•	 civil referrals to state attorneys general or to 

the Department of Justice; 

•	 other sanctions such as denying permission 

for system expansion; and 

•	 filing criminal charges. 

If a situation poses an imminent risk to public 

health, EPA and the state will issue an emergency 

order that requires the public water system to 

take the steps necessary to protect public health 

and return the system to compliance. 

During 2003, EPA and its state partners initiated 

enforcement actions in response to drinking 

water violations at public water systems in their 

jurisdictions. For new rules, EPA generally has 

primary enforcement authority until the States 

receive primacy for each new rule. EPA 

implemented the drinking water program in 

Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and in Indian 

country, except for the Navajo Nation. The Agency 

initiated enforcement responses in these areas 

and occasionally in the states, often at a state’s 

invitation. Together, EPA and the states initiated 

over 2,900 formal enforcement actions, each 

action potentially addressing multiple violations.5 

•	 In 2003 the states issued a total of 2,055 

formal enforcement actions, including 561 

administrative orders without penalty, 994 

administrative orders with penalty, 34 civil 

referrals to the states’ Attorneys General, 464 

signed State Bilateral Compliance Agreements 

(BCA), and two civil cases filed. 

•	 During the same period, EPA issued a total of 

219 formal enforcement actions, including 

212 Federal administrative orders, 4 Federal 

Emergency Orders, 2 Federal No longer 

subject to rule, and one signed Federal BCA. 

These totals do not take into account informal 

enforcement actions, compliance assistance 

activities, or the public water systems that 

returned to compliance before EPA and state 

procedures would require initiation of a formal 

response. 

EPA designates a public water system a 

significant noncomplier if the system has serious, 

frequent or persistent violations that may pose a 

threat to public health. States and EPA give 

significant noncompliers priority attention in 

their efforts to return violators to compliance and 

address violations with enforcement actions. For 

2002 EPA and the states focused more of their 

attention on returning to compliance significant 

noncompliers that were identified as such in 

2002. 

•	 In calendar year 2003, EPA designated 16,731 

public water systems significant noncompliers, which was a slight increase over the 

5 There are several reasons why there will be a difference between the number of violations in a year and the number of formal 

enforcement responses. For example, a state may choose to address a system’s violations informally in a manner that returns 

the system to compliance before the time interval has elapsed that by EPA guidance would necessitate initiation of a formal 

enforcement response. Also, it is not uncommon for the regulator to address all of a violating system’s multiple violations in a 

single enforcement response. In addition, formal enforcement responses addressing violations discovered late in one reporting 

year are generally not initiated until early in the following year. 

September 2005 • Page 8	 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
number of public water systems designated 

as noncompliers in 2001 and 2002. Most of 

these significant noncompliers in all these 

years served 3,300 or fewer users. 

•	 In 2003 states and EPA addressed 6,346 

significant noncompliers. Of the 

noncompliers addressed, 3,474 (55%) were 

new significant noncompliers identified in 

2003. The other 2,872 were systems 

addressed as significant noncompliers in 

2002 and earlier. 

•	 The totals for significant noncompliers 

addressed do not take into account public 

water systems that are no longer significant 

noncompliers because of informal 

enforcement actions or compliance 

assistance, or public water systems that 

returned to compliance before EPA and state 

procedures would require initiation of a 

formal response. 

HOW IS THE QUALITY OF THE 

DATA EPA USES FOR THIS REPORT? 

The data used in this report came from EPA’s 

national SDWIS/FED database. SDWIS/FED is 

composed of data that primacy states are 

required to submit to SDWIS/FED each quarter. 

EPA uses information in SDWIS/FED to assess 

progress in the implementation of regulations, to 

develop national enforcement and compliance 

priorities, and to provide information to the 

public. 

EPA periodically conducts data verifications 

(independent, on-site audits) of primacy state 

and tribal drinking water programs to ensure 

that the primacy state is determining compliance 

in accordance with Federal regulations. Data 

verifications help detect differences between data 

in a state’s files (whether electronic or hard copy) 

and data in SDWIS/FED. 

As part of the ongoing data reliability efforts 

described in past National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Reports, EPA examined the results of 

data verifications conducted from 1999 to 2001 

and previously from 1996 through 1998. The 

most recent (1999–2001) audits, which covered 

31 states, analyzed data from 1,890 public water 

systems. The data audits reviewed inventory 

information (identifying systems, their number, 

their size, and their type), apparent violations 

that either were reported or should have been 

reported, and any enforcement actions initiated. 

EPA’s review showed that the quality of the 

information the states reported to SDWIS/FED is 

improving, but the data are incomplete. This 

finding principally reflects differences between 

state and EPA regulatory interpretation rather 

than a preponderance of data management 

issues. Most of the SDWIS/FED data quality 

problems EPA identified were instances where 

violations that should have been recorded and 

reported did not appear in SDWIS/FED. EPA 

found that only a small percentage of this 

incompleteness is because SDWIS/FED will 

accept only properly transferred data. EPA’s 

analysis of the data verifications found: 

•	 95% of all inventory data in SDWIS/FED was 

accurate and complete. 

•	 The overall quality of SDWIS/FED violations 

data improved from the first assessment to 

the second from 68% to 75% for the Total 

Coliform Rule standard, but is low for other 

health-based standards and for monitoring 

and reporting. 

•	 Most of the discrepancies between apparent 

and reported violations are because of 

unrecorded and unreported violations. This 

accounts for 62% of all discrepancies related 

to maximum contaminant level/treatment 

technique violations and 86% of all 

discrepancies related to monitoring and 

reporting violations. 

•	 Only 27% of apparent monitoring and 

reporting violations had been reported to 

SDWIS/FED. 

•	 65% of the apparent MCL/treatment 

technique violations had been reported to 

SDWIS/FED. 

•	 SDWIS/FED contained accurate and complete 

information on 82% of the enforcement 

actions found in the states’ records. 

WHAT IS EPA DOING TO 

IMPROVE DATA QUALITY? 

EPA continues to work with its state partners to 

identify and resolve any problems that may have 

produced data discrepancies in the past and to 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary	 Page 9 • September 2005 
ensure that complete and accurate 

documentation is available to help assess the 

safety of the nations’ drinking water. 

•	 While the drinking water violation data have 

shown improvements from the 1996–1998 

timeframe to the 1999–2001 timeframe, they 

are incomplete and will be evaluated for the 

2002–2004 timeframe. 

•	 EPA has set up a workgroup with the 

Association of State Drinking Water 

Administrators (ASDWA) to implement its 

updated 2003 Data Reliability Analysis and 

Action Plan (DRAAP). Implementation of the 

plan will begin in 2005. 

•	 EPA has negotiated grant conditions with 

several states based upon the 2003 DRAAP. 

Under these grant conditions, the states 

would follow quality assurance/quality control 

plans for drinking water violation data 

reported to EPA and address the differences 

in interpretation of the regulation. 

•	 EPA will be working with all states to 

implement the EPA Order 5360.1 A2 dealing 

with requirements for quality management 

systems. 

•	 Changes to modernize SDWIS database 

should reduce data quality problems in the 

future from data entry to transmission. 

SDWIS Modernization focused on changes to 

make the quality checking function available 

to states before they send data to EPA, to 

provide a data entry format consistent with 

contemporary commercial data transfer 

formats, and to reduce the complexity of data 

entry into SDWIS/FED by standardizing 

processing. 

The introduction to this report mentioned data 

verification audits and triennial national 

summary evaluations that will be discussed in 

this section of the report. The results of EPA’s 

second triennial review of data quality in 

SDWIS/FED, Drinking Water Data Reliability 

Analysis and Action Plan (2003) (EPA 816-R-03-

021, March 2004), includes an evaluation of data 

collected from 1999 through 2001. The first 

triennial review, published in 2000, analyzed 

drinking water data from 1996 through 1998 to 

establish a data quality baseline. The second 

review indicates that data in SDWIS/FED are 

highly accurate, but still incomplete. 

The first triennial review of data quality for the 

period 1996 through 1998 resulted in a detailed 

data analysis report in 2000 and also produced 

an action plan for states and EPA to work 

together to improve data quality. The plan 

resulted in actions which included training state 

personnel, streamlining reporting to SDWIS/FED, 

making SDWIS error reporting and correction 

more user-friendly, reducing rule complexity, 

improving data verification audits (DVs), 

following-up with Regions after DVs, and 

encouraging states to notify water systems of 

sampling schedules annually. Like the first 

review, this second triennial review of data 

quality is largely based on DVs. The DVs, 

conducted between 1999 and 2001, reflect data 

for 1,890 randomly selected PWSs in 31 states. 

To support a comparative analysis, a similar set 

of analyses and methods were used in the second 

review as in the first, where possible. 

The data quality of core inventory data was high 

and essentially remained the same as that 

determined for the first assessment (95% in the 

first triennial review versus 96% in the second 

triennial review). Data quality for enforcement 

data improved from 72% to 80% and remained of 

moderate quality. Notably, there were 80% fewer 

enforcement actions from the first assessment. 

Violations were grouped by maximum 

contaminant level (MCL), treatment technique 

(TT), and monitoring and reporting (M/R) 

violations. MCL violations were further broken 

down into Total Coliform Rule (TCR) MCL 

violations and Chemical and Radionuclides MCL 

violations (i.e., Other MCL). 

Violations for the lead and copper rule were not 

included in the analysis. While quality has 

improved considerably in several areas, the 

analysis of DV findings found that the violations 

data reported by states to EPA were very accurate 

but incomplete in several important aspects, as 

described below. 

•	 The overall data quality for health-based 

violations (i.e., MCL and SWTR TT) improved 

from 40% in the first round to 65%. The 

overall data quality for M/R violations 

increased from 9% to 23%. 

•	 The Total Coliform Rule had the highest data 

quality, improving from 68% in the first 

assessment to 75% in the second. Data 

quality is lower, but improving, for other 

health-based standards including Chemicals 

September 2005 • Page 10	 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
and Radionuclides and the Surface Water 

Treatment Rule. Data quality for M/R 

violations has improved, but is still low. 

•	 Most violation errors are due to incorrect 

compliance determinations by states, that is, 

violations not correctly identified as such. 

—	 Compliance determination errors 

accounted for slightly more than 50% of 

all MCL errors, and more than 85% of 

SWTR TT and M/R errors. 

—	 Half of the M/R errors were due to a 

failure of the state to assign a violation 

where sample data was missing from 

state files. 

—	 Data flow errors (data in state databases 

but not in SDWIS/FED) accounted for 9% 

of all errors. 

—	 Over-reporting of violations found in 

SDWIS/FED accounted for fewer than 2% 

of all errors. This is comparable to 

findings from the first assessment. 

•	 Data quality estimates are similar across 

water system types. 

More discussions of data quality concerns and 

EPA’s recommendations appear later in this 

report. 

HOW DOES EPA 

EVALUATE STATE REPORTS? 

EPA reviewed each 2003 annual state report to 

determine if it met the requirements of the 1996 

Amendments to SDWA. The contents of the state 

reports are summarized in Table B–1 in 

Appendix B. Table B–1 shows whether a state: 

•	 submitted a report to EPA; 

•	 included all required elements; 

•	 satisfied its statutory requirement to publish 

and distribute summaries of the report that 

inform the public of the availability of the full 

report; 

•	 identified the size and type of violating 

systems; 

•	 discussed the compliance assistance and 

enforcement activities the state undertook in 

response to violations; 

•	 included a list of PWSs with MCL or 

treatment technique violations, as EPA 

recommended in its guidance to states on 

preparing their reports; 

•	 provided information to the public on 

availability of the reports; and 

•	 included additional information of interest to 

the public, such as the number of public 

water systems in the state, their sizes and 

types, and background on the Safe Drinking 

Water Act and its implementation. 

EPA provides a state-by-state summary of 

information reported in each state report in 

Appendix B. The standardized format includes 

an overall summary of the violations data the 

Safe Drinking Water Act requires states to report 

(i.e., violations with respect to MCLs, treatment 

technique violations, significant monitoring and 

reporting violations, and variances and 

exemptions). The summary for each state also 

tells how to obtain a copy of the state’s full 

report. The annual summary is based on 

violations reported in the calendar year of 2003. 

In some instances, the data reported by a state in 

July of 2004 may not agree with data currently in 

SDWIS/FED. EPA’s and the states’ continual 

efforts to ensure that the information in the 

SDWIS/FED database is as accurate as possible 

may have resulted in updates and corrections to 

the data since the state published its report. 

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

Most Americans received water from systems 

which reported no violations of health-based 

standards, and for which the states reported no 

significant violations of monitoring and reporting 

requirements. 

Comparison of 2002 and 2003 Data 

There are some differences in the numbers of 

violations reported in 2002 and 2003. The total 

number of violations decreased by 9.4% from 

2002. The number of significant violations of 

monitoring and reporting requirements 

decreased by 21,408 — a notable 23.4% decrease 

in violations between 2002 and 2003. In 2003, 

America’s public water systems detected and 

reported 407 more violations of health-based 

standards — a 3% increase from 2002. The total 

violations include health-based and significant 

monitoring and reporting violations, along with 

violations of the CCR. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary	 Page 11 • September 2005 
TCR Violations 

In 2003, states reported the largest number of 

violations for the Total Coliform Rule. The Total 

Coliform Rule represented the group with the 

largest significant violations for the monitoring 

and reporting requirements. The 33,866 

significant violations of monitoring and reporting 

requirements of the Total Coliform Rule 

represent 48% of all significant monitoring and 

reporting violations reported by the states in 

2003. The Total Coliform Rule also continues to 

be the most violated health-based standard. The 

9,881 violations of the health-based standards 

for the Total Coliform Rule represent 68% of all 

reported violations of health-based standards in 

2003. For Total Coliform Rule Health-based 

violations of the rule increased 2%, while 

significant monitoring and reporting violations 

decreased 4%. While the number of Total 

Coliform Rule violations at all public water 

systems decreased between 2002 and 2003, the 

number of those violations at community water 

systems increased by over 9%. 

Trends Since 1999 

The number of significant violations reported 

since 1999 has been trending upward. Violations 

decreased in the most recent year. During the 

same period roughly 14% of the violations 

reported are violations of health-based 

standards, while the remaining approximately 

87% of the violations are significant monitoring 

and reporting violations. Likewise the number of 

significant monitoring and reporting violations 

has increased steadily since 1999. Violations of 

the health-based standards fluctuated between 

small increases (5%) to small decreases (2–3%) 

during this period. 

Implementation of Prior 

Year Recommendations 

EPA incorporated the following recommendations 

for fiscal years 2000, 2001, and 2002: 

States and EPA should continue working 

together to address significant violations of 

monitoring and reporting and notification 

requirements. 

States and EPA should continue working 

together to address violations of MCL and 

treatment technique requirements. 

Recognizing the importance of consistent, 

longterm efforts to protect the public from 

microbial contaminants of drinking water, EPA 

has made assuring compliance with the drinking 

water microbial rules part of its core drinking 

water enforcement and compliance program 

beginning in fiscal year 2005. 

EPA Regions are working with states to evaluate 

how well public water systems, especially large 

systems, comply with the microbial rules and 

whether enforcement actions are being initiated 

when appropriate. Regions and states are also 

identifying and evaluating microbial risks to 

watersheds in an attempt to focus enforcement 

and compliance efforts on ensuring the safety of 

drinking water sources. Considerable effort will 

also be devoted to training and compliance 

assistance. EPA will work to build the capacity of 

small public water systems to maintain 

compliance both with established rules and with 

new microbial rules such as the Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the 

Ground Water Rule. In Indian country, where 

almost all public water systems are small, EPA 

will focus resources on ensuring compliance with 

the microbial rules and the standards for nitrates 

in drinking water through implementation of its 

new strategy for the FY05–07 Tribal National 

Compliance and Enforcement Priority. 

With respect to the rest of the drinking water 

program, states and EPA are continuing their 

efforts to implement the recommendations of the 

national public water system reports: 

•	 EPA provides funding to support eight 

technology assistance centers that help small 

systems with training, technical assistance, 

and technology demonstrations. 

•	 States and EPA help promote compliance 

with existing drinking water requirements by 

conducting numerous assistance activities, 

such as on-site visits and the development 

and distribution of easy-to-read guides and 

checklists. 

•	 EPA funding established and maintains the 

Local Government Environmental Assistance 

Network (LGEAN), a source of free 

information on current and developing SDWA 

requirements (as well as technical assistance, 

peer counseling, and financial guidance). 

LGEAN can be accessed on the Internet at 

www.lgean.org or by calling toll-free 1-877-

TO-LGEAN (865-4326). 

September 2005 • Page 12	 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
•	 EPA is developing a list of approved 

compliance technologies that will encourage 

small systems to use the existing flexibility in 

the regulations in selecting treatment for 

drinking water while still providing adequate 

public health protection. 

•	 The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement 

actions against violating public water systems 

both to discourage violations and to ensure 

public health protection. 

Since September 1998, the findings and 

recommendations of the national public water 

systems reports have been incorporated into 

EPA’s ongoing efforts to ensure the reliability of 

data in SDWIS/FED. In its first national report, 

EPA noted that compliance data in many 

individual state reports differed from the data 

reported to SDWIS/FED. In 1998, EPA, states, 

and drinking water stakeholders agreed that our 

data quality goal should be “100% complete, 

accurate, and timely data submitted by public 

water systems and primacy agencies, consistent 

with SDWA reporting requirements.” Further 

analysis and discussions among the stakeholders 

led to establishment of interim milestones for 

how soon that goal will be achieved. 

EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders 

made significant progress on most of the data 

recommendations of the earlier national reports 

— in some instances achieving full implementation. Among the major accomplishments, EPA 

has: 

•	 improved the display of drinking water data 

in Envirofacts; 

•	 characterized and quantified the data quality 

problem; 

•	 taken interim steps to improve data quality, 

including improvements to the data entry 

tools states use to put information in 

SDWIS/FED and provision of a mechanism 

that enables water systems to confirm the 

accuracy of data before it is accepted by 

SDWIS/FED; and 

•	 made a long-term commitment to achieve and 

maintain data quality goals. 

2003 Report Recommendations 

EPA, states, and drinking water stakeholders 

should continue to work cooperatively to 

improve the quality of compliance data. More 

remains to be done to achieve the goal of 100% 

accurate, complete, and timely information. 

Some of the next steps EPA, states, and the 

drinking water stakeholders have agreed to 

undertake include: 

•	 streamlining data reporting and reducing rule 

complexity; 

•	 conducting more training to ensure regulatory 

staff can accurately determine compliance 

with drinking water rules and data entry staff 

can upload complete and accurate data to 

SDWIS/FED; 

•	 making SDWIS/FED error reports more user 

friendly and understandable to state drinking 

water managers; 

•	 encouraging states to issue annual reminders 

to water systems of their compliance 

monitoring schedules; 

•	 providing states with individual, prioritized 

recommendations for improving their data 

quality; 

•	 performing more frequent data verification 

audits; 

•	 calculating estimates for SDWIS/FED data 

quality every three years, or more frequently 

if data from a sufficient number of data 

verifications are available; 

•	 working with the Association of State 

Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) to 

implement its updated 2003 Data Reliability 

Analysis and Action Plan (DRAAP); 

implementation of the plan will begin in 

2005; 

•	 negotiating grant conditions with several 

states to encourage them to follow quality 

assurance/quality control plans for drinking 

water violation data reported to EPA and 

address the differences in interpretation of 

the regulation; and 

•	 working with all states to implement the EPA 

Order 5360.1 A2 dealing with requirements 

for quality management systems. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary	 Page 13 • September 2005 

National Summary of Compliance for Public


Water Systems in Indian Country in 2003


INTRODUCTION


This section of the 2003 National Public Water 

Systems Compliance Report describes how the 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and 

federally-recognized Indian tribes (tribes) are 

meeting the goal of ensuring that public water 

systems in Indian country provide safe drinking 

water. 

PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN 

INDIAN COUNTRY 

Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary 

enforcement authority (known as primacy) to 

administer the drinking water program provided 

they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and 

1451 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As 

of 2003, only the Navajo Nation has received 

primacy for most public water systems on the 

Navajo Reservation. For the purposes of this 

report, EPA, therefore, administers the drinking 

water program in the rest of Indian country. 

A glossary of terms used in this report appears 

in Appendix A. A map of the areas covered by 

this section appears in Appendix C. 

PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN 

ALASKA AND OKLAHOMA 

Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages 

outside of Indian country are not included in this 

section of the report. Similarly, compliance 

figures for 18 public water systems in Indian 

country located in Oklahoma are not included in 

this section of the report. In both cases, this 

information is found in the state reports for 

Alaska and Oklahoma, respectively. The state 

reports do not, however, contain separate 

information on these public water systems. 

DATA QUALITY 

This report uses information from the Safe 

Drinking Water Information System/Federal 

Version (SDWIS/FED). SDWIS/FED is the national 

database where EPA records information on 

public water systems in Indian country. Public 

water systems in Indian country are required to 

report laboratory data to EPA. EPA uses the 

information to determine compliance with the 

national primary drinking water regulations of 

SDWA. 

This report also discusses the limitations in the 

data EPA uses to measure its success and the 

steps it is taking to increase data reliability and 

completeness. The report also discusses EPA’s 

compliance assistance, enforcement, and 

financial assistance programs. EPA plans to 

continue its data quality efforts during 2004 to 

ensure that SDWIS/FED contains complete and 

accurate information. A complete discussion of 

data quality is in the National Summary of Public 

Water Systems Compliance in 2003 under the 

section entitled Data Quality. 

FINDINGS 

In 2003, 814 public water systems in Indian 

country served 622,928 users. 

•	 599 community water systems served 

505,749 people in their primary residences. 

•	 108 non-transient non-community systems 

(schools and factories) served 92,116 people 

in places they frequented. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country	 Page 15 • September 2005 
•	 107 transient non-community systems 

(campgrounds and highway rest stops) served 

25,063 people who passed through. 

Percentage of Systems by Type 

74% 

13% 

13% 

Transient Non-Community 

Community 

Non-Transient Non-Community 

Almost all public water systems in Indian 

country were small. These small systems 

provide drinking water to the majority of the 

public who drank water in Indian country. 

•	 95% of public water systems in Indian 

country serve 3,300 or fewer people. These 

775 small systems served 58% of the people 

who received water from public water 

systems in Indian country. Conversely, the 

other 39 public water systems in Indian 

country serve 42% of the people who received 

water from public water systems in Indian 

country. 

As reported to SDWIS/FED, most public water 

systems in Indian country had violations. 

•	 314 of 814 water systems (39%) had no 

reported health-based or significant reporting 

violations. 

Systems with Reported Significant Violations 

61% 

39% 

Violations of Some Kind 

No Reported Violations 

89% of public water systems in Indian country 

reported no violations of a health-based 

drinking water standard in 2003. 

•	 149 health-based violations in Indian country, 

including multiple violations by some 

systems, were reported to SDWIS/FED in 

2003. The Maximum Contaminant Level 

(MCL) for the Total Coliform Rule (93%) was 

the health-based standard most frequently 

violated. 

Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule 

93% 100% 

90% 

80% 

70% 

60% 

50% 

40% 

30% 

20% 

10% 

0% 

1% 0% 

6% 

Chem TCR LCR SWTR/IESWTR 

Percentage of Health-Based Violations 

September 2005 • Page 16	 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country 
The vast majority of violations reported to 

SDWIS/FED in 2003 were for a public water 

system’s significant failure to monitor and 

report, rather than health-based MCL or a 

treatment technique violations detected and 

reported by a system. 

•	 Of the 1,616 violations reported to 

SDWIS/FED in 2003, 945 (59%) were 

significant violations of monitoring and 

reporting requirements. If a system did not 

monitor the quality of its water, it is 

impossible to know if it has violated healthbased requirements. For this reason, a 

system’s significant failure to monitor and 

report is a major violation that must be 

addressed and corrected. 

•	 Public water systems in Indian country 

represent 0.5% of all public water systems in 

the United States and were responsible for 

1.3% of all monitoring and reporting 

violations at public water systems reported to 

SDWIS/FED in 2003. 

Type of Violations 

9% 

32% 

59% 

Health-based 

Monitoring and Reporting 

CCR 

As reported to SDWIS/FED, 58% of community 

water systems in Indian country complied with 

the Consumer Confidence Report Rule. 

•	 The Consumer Confidence Report Rule 

requires all community water systems to 

provide an annual report to customers 

identifying the contaminants detected in their 

water and the health risks associated with 

those contaminants. 

•	 In calendar year 2003, 251 community water 

systems in Indian country were found to have 

a “significant” violation of the Consumer 

Confidence Report Rule, meaning that the 

community water system completely failed to 

provide the required report. 

COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE 

AND ENFORCEMENT 

EPA uses multiple approaches to ensure public 

water systems in Indian country comply with 

SDWA regulations. 

EPA’s tribal compliance assistance program is 

designed to help maintain compliance with SDWA 

by building cooperative working relationships 

with utility managers, operators, other tribal 

environmental staff, and tribal elected officials. 

The program emphasizes information exchanges, 

operation assistance, and water quality 

monitoring. 

Beginning in federal fiscal year 2005, EPA’s Office 

of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance plans 

to focus increased attention on environmental 

issues in Indian country through implementation 

of its new Tribal National Compliance Priority. 

One of the goals is to improve compliance with 

drinking water standards by the end of fiscal 

year 2007. Between fiscal year 2005 and fiscal 

year 2008, EPA will work to improve the quality 

of public water system data, provide additional 

compliance assistance, and reduce the number of 

systems that are out of compliance with key 

microbial rules. 

EPA gives information and assistance directly to 

tribal public water system operators, utility 

managers, and owners through training sessions, 

newsletters, telephone support, and system visits. 

On-site technical assistance is provided by 

engineers and qualified staff who work with 

tribes to assess current compliance status, 

develop monitoring schedules and compliance 

plans, and conduct sanitary surveys. EPA 

coordinates many of these activities with other 

federal agencies, including the Indian Health 

Service and the Bureau of Reclamation. 

Coordination also occurs with non-governmental 

organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including 

the Native American Water Association, the Rural 

Water Association, and the Rural Community 

Assistance Corporation. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country	 Page 17 • September 2005 
EPA is also responsible for initiating enforcement 

actions against owners or operators of public 

water systems in Indian country if a system is not 

in compliance with SDWA. In most cases, EPA 

relies on compliance assistance and informal 

enforcement actions to facilitate a tribally-owned 

or -managed public water system's return to 

compliance. When a formal enforcement action is 

appropriate, EPA can initiate administrative 

orders, including emergency administrative 

orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the 

Department of Justice. The "EPA Policy for the 

Administration of Environmental Programs on 

Indian Reservations" (EPA Indian Policy, 11/8/84) 

and the "Guidance on the Enforcement Principles 

Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy" (EPA Tribal 

Enforcement Principles) guide the Agency's 

approach to bringing civil administrative or 

judicial enforcement actions against systems in 

Indian country. 

Public water systems are required to monitor for 

89 different contaminants and conduct analyses 

using a variety of EPA-approved analytical 

methods. Where a system fails to perform 

monitoring for some or all of the required 

contaminants, a separate monitoring and 

reporting violation is recorded for each missed 

contaminant. Each of these violations is 

enforceable. 

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE 

EPA provides financial assistance to public water 

systems in Indian country to help build tribal 

capacity to operate and maintain systems in 

compliance with SDWA. Capacity building is a 

long-term solution which focuses on giving tribes 

grants, training, and technical assistance as they 

develop their environmental programs. EPA’s 

Indian General Assistance Program builds tribal 

capacity by providing grants to plan, develop, and 

establish environmental protection programs, 

including drinking water programs. 

EPA also distributes funds for specific drinking 

water program priorities. EPA set-aside 

$5,953,200 in FY2003 for activities to support 

Tribal Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) 

Programs. This financial support allows EPA to 

operate PWSS programs in Indian Country and 

to provide grants to tribes and tribal 

organizations to address various aspects of the 

drinking water program such as: 

•	 capacity development projects; 

•	 source water and wellhead protection 

projects; 

•	 development of a voluntary operator 

certification program for tribes; and 

•	 provision of operator training and 

certification to tribal operators. 

In the 1996 Amendments to SDWA, an 

infrastructure funding program was established 

to improve water supplies. Each year, 1.5% of the 

appropriation for the national Drinking Water 

State Revolving Fund program is set aside for 

American Indian communities and Alaska Native 

Villages. The initial set-aside from the 1997 

appropriation amounted to $19.25 million. 

Subsequent set-asides have been: $10.87 million 

in fiscal year 1998; $11.625 million in fiscal year 

1999; $12.3 million in fiscal year 2000; $12.347 

million in fiscal year 2001; $12.75 million in 

fiscal year 2002; and $12.667 million in fiscal 

year 2003. These funds are used to improve the 

infrastructure of water systems serving Tribal 

populations to achieve compliance with drinking 

water standards. This includes projects such as: 

•	 distribution system improvements; 

•	 community water system extensions; 

•	 replacement of water mains; 

•	 adding new wells; 

•	 treatment improvements; 

•	 construction of new pumphouses; and 

•	 consolidation of PWS. 

Finally, technical assistance and training for 

small tribally-owned or -operated public water 

systems are also provided. Through the 

cooperative agreements, small tribal public water 

systems receive information on training and 

technical assistance, wellhead and ground water 

protection, and source water protection. 

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

In 2003, EPA Regions reported that 39% of the 

public water systems in Indian country did not 

report a violation of a health-based standard, a 

significant monitoring and reporting violation, or 

a significant consumer notification violation. This 

September 2005 • Page 18	 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country 
represents an overall decrease from 2002 when 

77% of facilities did not report a violation of a 

health-based standard, a significant monitoring 

and reporting violation, or a significant consumer 

notification violation. 

During 2003, there was a noticeable increase in 

the total number of significant violations of 

monitoring and reporting requirements in Indian 

country (from 799 in 2002 to 945 in 2003). 

EPA continues to implement two primary 

recommendations from previous reports: (1) 

improve collection and maintenance of 

compliance data for public water systems in 

Indian country; and (2) place a priority on 

decreasing the number of monitoring and 

reporting violations to gain a full understanding 

of whether health-based violations exist. EPA will 

accomplish these recommendations by: 

•	 improving the inventory of public water 

systems in Indian country; 

•	 improving the collection and entry into 

SDWIS/FED of compliance and enforcement; 

•	 continuing to work with tribal governments, 

utility managers, and water system operators 

to improve compliance with monitoring and 

reporting requirements and with health-based 

standards, particularly the Total Coliform 

Rule and Surface Water Treatment Rule; 

•	 increasing EPA’s field presence, conducting 

more frequent sanitary surveys, and engaging 

in targeted technical and compliance 

assistance and enforcement; and 

•	 continuing to support and encourage capital 

improvements for public water systems to 

improve the infrastructure (and therefore 

compliance with SDWA requirements) of 

public water systems in Indian country, 

including grants provided under the Drinking 

Water Tribal Infrastructure Grant Tribal SetAside Program. 

Ultimately, EPA continues to respond to 

compliance and enforcement issues at public 

water systems owned, operated, or managed by 

tribal governments in a manner consistent with 

SDWA, the EPA Indian Policy, and the EPA Tribal 

Enforcement Principles. Where compliance 

assistance is ineffective or where, among other 

things, there is a significant threat to human 

health or the environment, EPA takes appropriate 

steps to return systems to compliance, including 

formal enforcement actions. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country	 Page 19 • September 2005 

Appendix A


Glossary of Terms


Administrative Order 

Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a 

State to address noncompliance at a public water 

system, usually by means of a compliance 

schedule with enforceable milestone dates. 

Chemical Rules 

Refers collectively to regulations that protect the 

public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals, 

inorganic chemicals (including lead and copper), 

and radioactivity in drinking water. 

Community Water System 

A public water system that serves at least 15 

service connections used by year-round residents 

or regularly serves at least 25 year-round 

residents (e.g., homes, apartments and 

condominiums that are occupied year-round as 

primary residences). 

Consumer Confidence Rule (CCR) 

Requires community water systems to prepare 

and provide to their customers annual consumer 

confidence reports on the quality of the water 

delivered by the systems. 

Disinfection/Disinfectant 

By Product Rule (DBPR) 

Applies to community water systems and nontransient non-community systems, including 

those serving fewer than 10,000 people, that add 

a disinfectant to the drinking water during any 

part of the treatment process. The Stage 1 DBPR 

specifically addresses risks associated with 

disinfectants and disinfectant byproducts. This 

rule was published concurrently with the Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule 

(IESWTR), which addresses control of microbial 

pathogens. 

Federally-recognized Indian Tribe 

An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, 

community, or Alaska Native Village that the 

Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as 

an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally 

Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, 25 

U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the

Department of the Interior, the list of federallyrecognized tribes is updated periodically and 

published in the Federal Register. The latest list 

of federally-recognized Indian tribes is available 

at 65 Federal Register 12398 (March 13, 2000). 

Filter Backwash Recycle Rule (FBRR) 

Requires public water systems (PWSs) to review 

their backwash water recycling practices to 

ensure that they do not compromise microbial 

control. Under the FBRR, recycled filter 

backwash water, sludge thickener supernatant, 

and liquids from dewatering processes must be 

returned to a location such that all processes of a 

system's conventional or direct filtration 

including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation 

(conventional filtration only) and filtration, are 

employed. Systems may apply to the State for 

approval to recycle at an alternate location. The 

Filter Backwash Rule applies to all public water 

systems, regardless of size. 

Health-based Violation 

A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant 

Level or a Treatment Technique requirement. 

Inorganic Chemicals 

These non-carbon based compounds (such as 

metals, nitrates, and asbestos) can either occur 

naturally in some sources of drinking water or be 

introduced by human activity. EPA has 

established MCLs for 15 inorganic contaminants. 

Violations of standards for lead and copper are 

addressed separately. 

Interim Enhanced Surface 

Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) 

Applies to systems using surface water, or ground 

water under the direct influence of surface water, 

that serve 10,000 or more persons. The rule also 

includes provisions for states to conduct sanitary 

surveys for surface water systems regardless of 

system size. 

Large System 

A public water system that serves more than 

10,000 people. 

Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) 

Requires a public water system to take steps to 

minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper 

in drinking water by monitoring for these 

contaminants, installing corrosion control where 

required, and, where necessary, educating the 

public about ways to reduce exposure. A system 

may also be required to treat its source water or 

replace lead service lines. 

Maximum Contaminant Level 

The maximum permissible level of a contaminant 

in water delivered to any user of a public water 

system. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A Page A–1 • September 2005 
Maximum Disinfectant 

Residual Level (MDRL) 

a level of a disinfectant added for water 

treatment that may not be exceeded at the 

consumer's tap without an unacceptable 

possibility of adverse health effect. 

Monitoring and Reporting Violation 

Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and 

reporting schedule or violation of contaminantspecific minimum testing schedules and 

operational reporting requirements. Those 

monitoring and reporting violations considered 

“significant” for the purposes of the state and 

national public water system compliance reports 

are described below in Table A–1. 

Nitrate and Nitrite 

Inorganic compounds that can enter water 

supplies, primarily from fertilizer runoff, 

livestock farms, and sanitary wastewater 

discharges. 

Non-transient Non-community Water System 

A non-community public water system that 

regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons 

over six months per year. A typical example of a 

non-transient non-community water system is a 

school or an office building that has its own 

water source, such as a drinking water well. 

Organic Chemicals 

These carbon-based compounds, such as 

solvents and pesticides, can enter drinking water 

through a variety of means, including factory 

discharges or runoff from crop lands. EPA has 

established MCLs for 56 organic contaminants. 

Primacy 

The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA, 

States, and Tribes to work as partners to ensure 

delivery of safe drinking water to the public. Any 

State or Indian Tribe can request responsibility 

for operation and oversight of the drinking water 

program within its borders. In order to receive 

this responsibility (called “primary enforcement 

authority” or “primacy”), a State or Tribe must 

show, among other things, that it has adopted 

drinking water regulations that are at least as 

stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrate 

its capacity both to enforce those regulations and 

to implement other activities necessary to ensure 

compliance. 

In the absence of State or Tribal primacy, EPA 

assumes responsibility for administering the 

drinking water program for that area. Of the 56 

eligible States (defined to include 

Commonwealths, Territories, and the District of 

Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of 

Columbia have primacy. During calendar year 

2001, the EPA Regional Offices administered the 

drinking water program within these two 

jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands, except for 

the Navajo Nation. 

Primary Drinking Water Regulations 

These are regulations that apply to public water 

systems; specify contaminants which, in the 

judgment of the Administrator, may have an 

adverse effect on the health of persons; and 

specify for each such contaminant either a 

maximum contaminant level or a treatment 

technique. 

Public Water System (PWS) 

A system for the provision to the public of water 

for human consumption through pipes or other 

constructed conveyances, if such system has at 

least 15 service connections or regularly serves at 

least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the 

year. A public water system can be either a 

community water system, a non-transient noncommunity water system, or a transient noncommunity water system. 

Radionuclides 

Radioactive particles, such as radium-226, 

radium-228, gross alpha, and beta 

particle/photon radioactivity, can occur naturally 

in water or may result from human activity. EPA 

has established MCLs for beta/photon emitters, 

alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228. 

Regional Offices 

Responsible for implementing Environmental 

Protection Agency programs within their 

respective jurisdictions. Regional Offices 

cooperate with Federal, State, interstate, and 

local agencies, as well as with industry, academic 

institutions, and other private groups to ensure 

that Regional needs are addressed and that 

Federal environmental laws are upheld. 

Small Systems 

Public water systems that serve no more than 

3,300 people. 

September 2005 • Page A–2 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A 
Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) 

The Surface Water Treatment Rule requires a 

public water system served by surface water or 

by ground water under the influence of surface 

water to take steps (such as disinfection, 

filtration followed by disinfection, or watershed 

control) to reduce potential exposure to 

microbiological contamination. 

Total Coliform Rule (TCR) 

Establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water 

distribution systems. Although coliform bacteria, 

which are found in decaying organic material and 

in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, are 

usually not harmful to human health, their 

presence may indicate the presence of other, 

more dangerous microbial contamination. 

SDWIS/FED 

EPA’s database for collecting safe drinking water 

monitoring results from oversight agencies. 

SDWIS stands for Safe Drinking Water 

Information System. Public Water Systems are 

required to report all monitoring results to the 

primary enforcement authority. States with 

primacy, or EPA where it administers the 

program, analyze the monitoring results, 

determine compliance, and report violations to 

EPA on a quarterly basis. EPA maintains records 

of these violations in SDWIS/FED. SDWIS/FED 

records only violations, not results that 

demonstrate compliance with drinking water 

standards. 

Total Trihalomethanes 

These chemicals can be by-products of chemical 

processes used to disinfect drinking water. 

Transient Non-community Water System 

A non-community water system that regularly 

serves at least 25 people (but not the same 25) 

over six months per year. A typical example is a 

campground or a highway rest stop that has its 

own water source, such as a drinking water well. 

Treatment Technique 

In cases where EPA has determined it is not 

technically or economically feasible to establish 

an MCL, the Agency can instead specify a 

treatment technique. These are treatment 

methods required by EPA to minimize the level of 

a contaminant in drinking water. 

Variances and Exemptions 

A public water system that cannot comply with a 

drinking water standard because of poor source 

water quality, or, in the case of small systems, 

inadequate financial resources, can be granted a 

variance to comply with less stringent, but still 

protective standards based on a specific EPAapproved technology available to the system. An 

exemption allows a PWS with compelling 

circumstances (including economic 

considerations) additional time to achieve 

compliance with applicable SDWA requirements, 

so long as public health is adequately protected. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A Page A–3 • September 2005 
TABLE A–1: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING VIOLATIONS FOR


ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM REPORTS


Rule Violation Type Description 

SDWIS 

Violation Code1 

SDWIS 

Contaminant Code 

Major routine No samples collected during a 

compliance period 23 3100 

Total Coliform Rule No follow-up samples 

Major repeat collected after a positive total 

coliform sample or no 25 3100 

speciation 

Collected less than 90% of 

Major (filtered) samples required during a 36 None 

Surface Water compliance period 

Treatment Rule 

Major (unfiltered) 

Collected less than 90% of 

samples required during a 

compliance period 

31 None 

Either failed to collect the 

initial tap samples, and then 

failed to correct that omission 

Lead and 

Copper Rule 

Initial lead and 

copper tap 

within a) 3 months for large 

systems, b) 6 months for 

medium systems, or c) 12 

months for small systems; or 

failed to submit the associated 

51 

report 

Follow-up or 

routine lead 

and copper tap 

Failed to collect 1 or more 

required samples 52 

C 

h 

Phase I, II, IIB, 

and V Rules 

Regular 

monitoring 

Failed to collect any required 

samples2 03 By contaminant 

e 

Total 

Trihalomethanes 

Regular 

monitoring 

Failed to collect any required 

samples 03 2950 

m Radionuclides Regular 

monitoring 

Failed to collect any required 

samples 03 4000, 4100, 4010 

1	 EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting 

violations associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code. 

2	 Failure to collect “any required samples” means none of the required samples were collected. 

September 2005 • Page A–4	 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A 
TABLE A–2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR


PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 2003


Applicability of Regulations 

Contaminant/Rule Community 

Water Systems 

Non-transient NonCommunity Water Systems Transient Non-Community 

Water Systems 

Only treatment techniques 

Organic Contaminants All for acrylamide and All 

epichlorohydrin 

Total Trihalomethanes 

Contaminants 

(TTHM) 

Only systems serving more 

than 10,000 

Surface water systems 

serving more than 10,000 None 

Inorganic Contaminants All All except arsenic 

and fluoride None 

Nitrate and Nitrite 

Contaminants All All All 

Radionuclides 

Contaminants All None None 

Total Coliform Rule All All All 

Some 

Surface Water Treatment 

Only PWS using surface 

water or ground water under 

the direct influence of 

Some 

Only PWS using surface 

water or GWUDI 

Some 

Only PWS using surface 

water or GWUDI 

surface water (GWUDI) 

Lead and Copper Rule All None All 

Interim Enhanced Surface 

For sanitary surveys all 

PWS using surface water 

or GWUDI; for other 

For sanitary surveys all 

PWS using surface water 

or GWUDI; for other 

For sanitary surveys all 

PWS using surface water 

or GWUDI; for other 

Water Treatment Rule requirements those 

systems serving 10,000 

requirements those 

systems serving 10,000 

requirements those 

systems serving 10,000 

or more or more or more 

Stage 1 PWS using surface water PWS using surface water PWS using chlorine 

Disinfectant/Disinfection or GWUDI and serving or GWUDI and serving dioxide and serving 

By-Product Rule 10,000 or more people 10,000 or more people 10,000 or more people 

Conventional or direct Conventional or direct Conventional or direct 

filtration PWS using 

surface water or GWUDI 

filtration PWS using 

surface water or GWUDI 

filtration PWS using 

surface water or GWUDI 

Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule 

and recycle spent filter 

backwash, thickener 

supernatant, or liquids 

from dewatering 

and recycle spent filter 

backwash, thickener 

supernatant, or liquids 

from dewatering 

and recycle spent filter 

backwash, thickener 

supernatant, or liquids 

from dewatering 

processes processes processes 

Public Notification All All All 

Consumer 

Confidence Rule All None None 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A Page A–5 • September 2005 

Appendix B


Summaries of State Annual


Compliance Reports


CONTENTS 

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–7

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–8 

American Samoa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–9

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–10 

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–11 

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–12

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–13 

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–14 

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–15 

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–16

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–17

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–18

Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–19

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–20

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–21

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–22 

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–23

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–24

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–25

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–26

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–27

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–28

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–29

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–30

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–31

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–32

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–33

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–34

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–35

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–36

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–37

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–38

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–39

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–40

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–41

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–42

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–43

Northern Mariana Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–44

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–45

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–46

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–47

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–48

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–49

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–50

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–51

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–52

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–53

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–54

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–55

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–56

Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–57

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–58

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–59

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–60

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–61

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–62

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–1 • September 2005 

This Appendix presents a summary of each state 

report in a standardized format. The format 

includes an overall summary of the violations 

data specified in Section 1414 of the 1996 Safe 

Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments (i.e., 

violations with respect to maximum contaminant 

levels (MCLs), treatment technique violations, 

significant monitoring and reporting requirements, significant notification violations, and 

variances and exemptions). 

This Appendix summarizes the data reported by the 

States, but does not interpret it. Therefore, other 

factors must be taken into account before drawing 

conclusions about a State program. For example, 

public water systems are required to report all 

violations to the State, but State drinking water 

programs vary in the regulations they choose to 

emphasize. A State that decided to focus attention 

and resources on one particular rule may have 

discovered and reported many more violations of 

that rule than a State that chose to focus on a 

different rule. A disproportionate number of 

violations in a State could also indicate that the 

State needs to work with its public water systems to 

improve their compliance. Readers are cautioned to 

view the violations data provided in the State 

summaries within the context of each State and its 

individual drinking water program. 

In 2003, EPA received State Public Water System 

Compliance Reports from 49 of the 57 primacy 

states, Commonwealths, Territories, and tribes. 

As in past years, American Samoa, Guam, and 

the Northern Mariana Islands did not submit 

reports, and, with limited exceptions, did not 

supply information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did not 

receive a report from Kentucky, Louisiana, 

Massachusetts, New Jersey, and the Navajo 

Nation. Appendix B supplies what information is 

available in SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at 

public water systems in the Pacific territories. 

Because the District of Columbia, Wyoming, and 

most Indian Tribes did not have primary 

enforcement responsibility for drinking water in 

calendar year 2003, EPA prepared reports for 

those jurisdictions. 

Violations for 2003 

EPA summarizes the number of MCL/MDRL, 

treatment technique, and significant monitoring 

and reporting violations1 reported by each state 

in six categories: 

• 	Violations of chemical contaminant 

requirements2 

• Violations of the Total Coliform Rule 

• 	Violations of the Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Long Term Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule 

• Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule 

• 	Significant Notification or Consumer 

Confidence Rule Violation 

• 	Violations of the Disinfection/Disinfectant 

Byproducts Rule 

EPA summarizes the numbers of individual 

public water systems in violation in each of these 

five categories, as reported by the state. If a 

state’s report did not include information in a 

category, EPA’s summary notes the omission. 

2003 Totals 

EPA also summarizes the total number of systems 

in each state, the total number of significant 

violations reported, the total number of PWSs in 

violation and significant violations, if the state 

reported this information. When states did not 

provide information on the total number of public 

water systems, EPA supplied that information 

from the SDWIS/FED. 

Systems in Violation 

Systems in Violation is defined as the number of 

different systems with a reported violation of this 

type. Some states counted a system with multiple 

violations or violations in more than one category 

as one violating system. Other states counted a 

violating system each time it had a violation, or 

1	 A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations including exceptions to the definition for the Total 

Coliform Rule and Lead and Copper Rule appears in Appendix A. 

2	 MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and 

radionuclide contaminants. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B	 Page B–3 • September 2005 
once for each of the regulatory categories in 

which it had a violation. If EPA’s review of a 

state’s report indicated some violating systems 

were counted more than once, an asterisk notes 

that the state’s number possibly overcounts 

violating systems. 

Variances and Exemptions 

There was one reported violation of a variance 

and exemption (in New York) in 2003. 

Where to Obtain the 2003 

Annual Public Water Systems Report 

If a state’s report includes information on how to 

obtain a copy of the report, that information is 

provided on the state summary page in this 

Appendix. 

September 2005 • Page B–4 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Table B–1: Summary of Elements Reported by States 

Reported on Violation Identified Discussed Identified Each Provided 

Submitted 

Categories 

Reported 

Provided 

Inventory 

Size and Type 

of Violating 

Compliance and 

Enforcement 

System with 

MCL and TT 

Information 

to Public on 

Provided 

Additional 

State Report CCR MCL M/R TT on V/E Information Systems Responses Violations Availability Information1 

Alabama x x x x x x x x x x 

Alaska x x x x x x x x x x x 

American Samoa Did not submit report. 

Arizona x x x x x x 

Arkansas x x x x x x x x x x x x 

California x x x x x x x 

Colorado x x x x x x x x x x 

Connecticut x x x x x x x x x 

Delaware x x x x x x x x 

District of Columbia Did not submit report. 

Florida x x x x x x x x x 

Georgia x x x x x x x x 

Guam Did not submit report. 

Hawaii x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Idaho x x x x x x x x x x 

Illinois x x x x x x x x x x x 

Indiana x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Iowa x x x x x x x x x x x 

Kansas x x x x x x x x x x x 

Kentucky Did not submit report. 

Louisiana Did not submit report. 

Maine x x x x x x x x x 

Maryland x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Massachusetts Did not submit report. 

Michigan x x x x x x x x x x x 

Minnesota x x x x x x x x x 

Mississippi x x x x x x x x x 

Missouri x x x x x x x x x x 

Montana x x x x x x x x x x 

Nebraska x x x x x x x x x x x 

1. An “x” in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–5 • September 2005 
Table B–1: Summary of Elements Reported by States (continued) 

State 

Submitted 

Report 

Reported on Violation 

Categories 

Reported 

on V/E 

Provided 

Inventory 

Information 

Identified 

Size and Type 

of Violating 

Systems 

Discussed 

Compliance and 

Enforcement 

Responses 

Identified Each 

System with 

MCL and TT 

Violations 

Provided 

Information 

to Public on 

Availability 

Provided 

Additional 

Information1 CCR MCL M/R TT 

Nevada x x 

New Hampshire x x x x x x x x x x x x 

New Jersey Did not submit report. 

New Mexico x x x x x x x x x 

New York x x x x x x x x x x 

North Carolina x x x x x x x x x 

North Dakota x x x x x x x x x x 

Northern Mariana Islands Did not submit report. 

Ohio x x x x x x x x x x 

Oklahoma x x x x x x x x x 

Oregon x x x x x x x x x x x 

Pennsylvania x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Puerto Rico x x x x x x x x 

Rhode Island x x x x x x x x 

South Carolina x x x x x x x x x x x 

South Dakota x x x x x x x x x x 

Tennessee x x x x x x x x x x 

Texas x x x x x x x x x x 

Utah x x x x x 

Vermont x x x x x x x x x x 

Virgin Islands x x x x x x x x x 

Virginia x x x x x x x x x x 

Washington x x x x x x x x x x 

West Virginia x x x x x x x x x 

Wisconsin x x x x x x x 

Wyoming x x x x x x x x x x 

1. An “x” in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance. 

September 2005 • Page B–6 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Alabama 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 3 3 132 20 

Total Coliform Rule 40 35 25 16 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 0 0 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 6 6 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification NR NR 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 722 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 206 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Alabama’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

ADEM 

Drinking Water Branch 

P. O. Box 301463 

Montgomery, AL 36130-1463 

Web Site: http://www.adem.state.al.us/viorep2000.html 

E-mail: tsd@adem.state.al.us 

Alabama’s State Report can also be reviewed at the ADEM field offices in Birmingham, Decatur, and Mobile. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–7 • September 2005 
State of Alaska 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 3 3 1,887 283 

Total Coliform Rule 51 37 798 417 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 214 67 1,018 122 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 104 87 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 318 184 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,614 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 686 

Total Number of 

Violations 4,393 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Alaska’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

ADEC 

DW/WW Program 

555 Cordova Street 

Anchorage, AK 99501 

Web Site: http://www.state.ak.us/dec/deh/water/violations.htm 

Telephone: (907) 269-7647 

September 2005 • Page B–8 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
American Samoa 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 14 14 30 5 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 6 6 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 22 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 44 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

American Samoa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–9 • September 2005 
State of Arizona 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 75 36 76 68 

Total Coliform Rule 140 115 22 22 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 4 4 108 16 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 197 197 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 389 389 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,602 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 422 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,011 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

The state report did not provide information regarding public availability. 

September 2005 • Page B–10 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Arkansas 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 20 7* 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 92 79 194 128 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 104 26 106 38 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 5 5 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,139 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 234 

Total Number of 

Violations 521 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Arkansas’ State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Arkansas Department of Health


Shared Services


4815 West Markham Street


Litttle Rock, AR 72205-2032


Web Site: http://www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/viol.htm


Attention: David Quattlebaum, Compliance/Enforcement Officer


Telephone: (501) 661-2623


Fax: (501) 661-2032


E-mail: dquattlebaum@healthyarkansas.com


Arkansas’ State Report is also available at all local health units in Arkansas.


2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–11 • September 2005 
State of California 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 172 100* 181 106* 

Total Coliform Rule 732 558 1,107 740** 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 87 41 30 16 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR NR NR 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification NR NR 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** The state report gives different counts in the text and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 7,575† 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,309 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

California’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Department of Health Services 

Web Site: http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ddwem/publications/pubindex.htm 

Telephone: (916) 449-5577 

September 2005 • Page B–12 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Colorado 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 6 6 281 152 

Total Coliform Rule 65 58 404 269 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 59 33 16 10 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 3 2 33 32 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 87 85 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 2 2 12 4 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,083 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 968 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Colorado’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment 

Water Quality Control Division 

Attention: Annual Compliance Report 

CADM-B2 

4300 Cherry Creek Drive South 

Denver, CO 80246 

Web Site: http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/Drinking_Water/Drinking_Water_Program_Home.htm 

Lori Gerzina 

WQCD Compliance Assurance & Data Management Unit 

Telephone: (303) 692-3587 

E-mail: lori.gerzina@state.co.us 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–13 • September 2005 
State of Connecticut 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 34 17* 4,442 674* 

Total Coliform Rule 508 298 2,124 1,006 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water NR NR NR NR 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 16 16 98 95 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification NR NR 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,969 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR** 

Total Number of 

Violations 7,222 

** The state reported total number of systems with MCL and Treatment Technique violations (326) and total number of systems with Significant 

Monitoring and Reporting violations (946) separately. 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Connecticut’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Drinking Water Division Offices 

Department of Public Health 

450 Capitol Avenue 

Hartford, CT 06106-1365 

Web Site: http://www.dph.state.ct.us/BRS/Water/Utility/Reports.htm 

Telephone: (860) 509-7333 

September 2005 • Page B–14 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Delaware 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 9 8 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 41 36 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 1 1 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 8 8 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification NR NR 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 519 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 86 

Total Number of 

Violations 59 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Delaware’s State Report is available by contacting: 

Office of Drinking Water 

Division of Public Health 

Blue Hen Corporate Center 

655 Bay Road, Suite 203 

Dover, DE 19903 

Telephone: (302) 739-5410 

Fax: (302) 739-8388 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–15 • September 2005 
District of Columbia 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 0 0 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 0 

Total Number of 

Violations 0 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

District of Columbia did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

September 2005 • Page B–16 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Florida 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 21 20* 149 149 

Total Coliform Rule 276 242 694 530 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 2 2 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 74 68 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 149 149 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6,500 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,365 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Florida’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site: 

Web Site: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/drinkingwater 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–17 • September 2005 
State of Georgia 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 5 5* 237 198* 

Total Coliform Rule 133 106 593 396 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 1 1 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 328 326 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 459 399 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 10 4 1 1 8 3 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,483† 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,775 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Georgia’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s website or by contacting: 

Department of Natural Resources 

Environmental Protection Division 

Drinking Water Compliance and Enforcement Program 

2 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive, Suite 1362 East 

Atlanta, GA 30334 

Web Site: http://www.gadnr.org 

Attention: Doug Davenport 

Telephone: (404) 651-5162 

September 2005 • Page B–18 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Guam 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 0 0 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 2 2 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 12 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 2 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Guam did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–19 • September 2005 
State of Hawaii 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 1 1 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 24 2 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 131 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 3 

Total Number of 

Violations 25 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Hawaii’s State Report is available by contacting: 

Hawaii Department of Health 

Safe Drinking Water Branch 

Environmental Management Division 

919 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 308 

Honolulu, HI 96814-4920 

Attention: William Wong, P.E., Chief 

Telephone: (808) 586-4258 

Fax: (808) 586-4351 

E-mail: bwong@eha.health.state.hi.us 

September 2005 • Page B–20 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Idaho 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 14 9 175 116 

Total Coliform Rule 161 129 353 293 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 7 7 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 9 9 134 114 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification NR NR 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,052 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 575 

Total Number of 

Violations 853 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Idaho’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Idaho Department of Environmental Quality’s six regional offices or the state’s seven district health departments.


Web Site: http://www.deq.state.id.us/water/data_reports/drinking_water/reports.cfm


DEQ Regional Offices and District Health Departments


North Idaho Southwest Idaho Health District 1 Health District 5 

Coeur d’Alene Regional Office Boise Regional Office Panhandle Health District Dept. South Central District Health Dept.

2110 Ironwood Parkway 1445 North Orchard 322 Marion 1020 Washington Street North

Coeur d’Alene, ID 83814 Boise, ID 83706-2239 Sandpoint, ID 83864 Twin Falls, ID 83301 

(208) 769-1422 (208) 373-0550 (208) 265-6384 (208) 734-5900, Ext. 213 

North Central Idaho Eastern Idaho Health District 2 Health District 6 

Lewiston Regional Office Idaho Falls Regional Office North Central District Dept. Southeastern District Health Dept.

1118 F Street 900 N. Skyline, Suite B 215 10th Street 1901 Alvin Ricken Drive 

Lewiston, ID 83501 Idaho Falls, ID 83402 Lewiston, ID 83501 Pocatello, ID 83201-2727 

(208) 799-4370 (208) 528-2650 (208) 799-3100 (208) 233-9080, Ext. 320 

South Central Idaho Health District 3 Health District 7 

Twin Falls Regional Office Southwest District Health Dept. District Seven Health Dept. 

601 Pole Line Road, Suite 2 920 Main Street 254 “E” Street 

Twin Falls, ID 83301 Caldwell, ID 83605 Idaho Falls, ID 83403-3597 

(208) 736-2190 (208) 455-5403 (208) 523-5382 

Southeast Idaho Health District 4 

Pocatello Regional Office Central District Health Dept. 

444 Hospital Way, #300 707 North Armstrong Place 

Pocatello, ID 83201 Boise, ID 83704 

(208) 236-6160 (208) 587-9225 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–21 • September 2005 
State of Illinois 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 593 119 1,113 90 

Total Coliform Rule 101 98 176 126 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 0 0 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 11 8 18 15 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 49 49 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 5 2 16 6 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 5,956 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 442 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,082 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Illinois’ State Report is available by contacting: 

Illinois EPA’s Division of Public Water Supplies 

Telephone: (217) 782-9470 

September 2005 • Page B–22 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Indiana 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 69** 43*/** 2,251** 364*/** 

Total Coliform Rule 484** 399** 2,483** 1,483** 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 10** 4 7 1 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0** 0** 92** 62** 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 120** 95** 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 NR NR 0 0 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** The state report gives different counts in the report than in the appended table. Counts from the report are shown here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4,425 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,855 

Total Number of 

Violations 5,516*** 

*** Total violations in the appended table (3,241) differs from the calculated total (5,516) from the report. 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Indiana’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or contacting: 

Indiana Department of Environmental Management 

Office of Water Management 

Drinking Water Branch 

Web Site: http://www.in.gov/idem/water/dwb/compliance/index.html 

Telephone: (317) 308-3280 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–23 • September 2005 
State of Iowa 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 51 27* 442 308* 

Total Coliform Rule 166 105 325 213 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 6 3 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 58 26 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 17 17 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,037 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR** 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,065 

** The state reported the total number of systems with MCL, Treatment Technique, and Action Level violations (168) and the total number of 

systems with Significant Monitoring and Reporting violations (387) separately. 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Iowa’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site: 

Web Site: http://www.state.ia.us/epd/wtrsuply/report/03report.htm 

September 2005 • Page B–24 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Kansas 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 68 32 11 10 

Total Coliform Rule 38 35 52 36 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 14 9 7 3 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 3 3 7 7 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 153 153 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 14 3 3 1 2 1* 

* The state report gives different counts in the report than in the appended table. Counts from the report are shown here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,069 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 195 

Total Number of 

Violations 372 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Kansas’ State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Kansas Department of Health and Environment


Bureau of Water


1000 SW Jackson, Suite 420


Topeka, KS 66612-1367


Web Site: http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/pws


Attention: Patti J. Croy


Telephone: (785) 296-3016


Fax: (785) 296-5509


E-mail: pcroy@kdhe.state.ks.us


2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–25 • September 2005 
State of Kentucky 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 3 3 1 1 

Total Coliform Rule 28 20 72 33 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 6 4 11 3 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 86 70 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 31 17 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 1 1 1 1 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 619 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 240 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Kentucky did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

September 2005 • Page B–26 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Louisiana 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 5 3 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 141 114 31 26 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 6 3 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 24 24 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 886 683 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 5 3 5 3 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,639 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,103 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Louisiana did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–27 • September 2005 
State of Maine 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 7 7* 58 14* 

Total Coliform Rule 360 222 1,005 532 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 13 12 2 2 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 62 54 53 32 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 29 22 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 4 2 0 0 0 0 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,124 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 760 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,593** 

** Total violations in the report (1,587) is less than the calculated total (1,593). The difference is due to the inclusion of the new Disinfection 

Byproducts Rule and the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Maine’s State Report is available by contacting: 

Maine Drinking Water Program 

Attention: David E. Robbins, Compliance Section Manager 

Telephone: (207) 287-8403 

Fax: (207) 287-4172 

September 2005 • Page B–28 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Maryland 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 24 20* 48 36 

Total Coliform Rule 355 323* 187 96 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 8 2 1 1 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 16 16 114 111* 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 74 74 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 NR NR 0 0 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 3,750 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 597 

Total Number of 

Violations 747 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Maryland’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Nancy Reilman 

Maryland Department of the Environment 

Water Supply Program 

Web Site: http://www.mde.state.md.us 

Telephone: (410) 631-3729 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–29 • September 2005 
State of Massachusetts 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 7 5 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 110 82 53 46 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 5 5 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 73 61 145 111 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 17 17 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 1 1 1 1 4 3 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,685 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 416 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Massachusetts did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

September 2005 • Page B–30 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Michigan 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 4 4 158 36 

Total Coliform Rule 256 234 747 613 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 1 1 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 31 31 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 13 13 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 6 5 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 12,110 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 911* 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,216** 

* Includes systems that violated the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the Disinfection Byproducts Rule. 

** Total violations in the report (1,223) differs from the calculated total (1,216). NOTE: A revised version of the Michigan 2003 ACR Report was 

made available in July 2005. The data in the revised version may differ from this summary. 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Michigan’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Mr. Dan Dettweiler 

Telephone: (517) 241-1373 

E-mail: dettweid@michigan.gov 

Ms. Kris Philip 

Telephone: (517) 241-1238 

E-mail: philipk@michigan.gov 

Web Site: http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3675_3691---,00.html 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–31 • September 2005 
State of Minnesota 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 9* 9* 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 276 275 86 68 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 61 33 14 8 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 69 66 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 20 14 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* The state report gives different counts in the report conclusion than in the text of the report. Counts from the report conclusion are shown here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 8,300 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 431 

Total Number of 

Violations 537 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Minnesota’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Minnesota Department of Health 

Division of Environmental Health 

Drinking Water Protection Section 

P.O. Box 64975

St. Paul, MN 55164-0975 

Web Site: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/com/dwar/report03.html 

Attention: Dennis Maki 

Telephone: (651) 215-0770 

Email: dennis.e.maki@health.state.mn.us 

September 2005 • Page B–32 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Mississippi 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 5 5 25 25* 

Total Coliform Rule 44 42 49 45* 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 0 0 NR NR 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 6 6 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 382 382 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,380 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 431 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Mississippi’s State Report is available by contacting: 

Joan Cockrell 

Bureau of Public Water Supply 

Telephone: (601) 576-7528 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–33 • September 2005 
State of Missouri 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 28 24 252 88 

Total Coliform Rule 527 339 960 523 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 7 6 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 101 101 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 485 288 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,668 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,360 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Missouri’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Missouri Department of Natural Resources 

Public Drinking Water Branch 

Water Protection Program 

P.O. Box 176

Jefferson City, MO 65102 

Web Site: http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/wpscd/wpcp/dw-index.htm 

Telephone: (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-5331 

September 2005 • Page B–34 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Montana 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 27 11* 853 193 

Total Coliform Rule 231 167 794 433 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 7 7 36 8 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 52 52 273 94 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 11 11 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 NR NR 0 0 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,046 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,284 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Montana’s State Report is available by contacting: 

Montana Department of Environmental Quality 

P.O. Box 200901

Helena, MT 59620-0901 

John Camden, Section Supervisor 

Public Water Supply Section 

Telephone: (406) 444-4071 

Jon Dilliard, Manager 

Public Water & Subdivisions Bureau 

Telephone: (406) 444-2409 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–35 • September 2005 
State of Nebraska 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 105 53 33 12 

Total Coliform Rule 234 177 184* 152 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 1 1 1 1 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 7 7 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 33 33 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report than in the accompanying table. Counts from the text are shown here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,375 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 375 

Total Number of 

Violations 600 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Nebraska’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services Regulation and Licensure 

301 Centennial Mall South 

P.O. Box 95007

Lincoln, NE 68509 

Web Site: http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm 

Attention: Jo Ann Wagner 

Telephone: (402) 471-2541 

Fax: (402) 471-6436 

E-mail: joann.wagner@hhss.state.ne.us 

Nebraska’s State Report is also available through the Nebraska Library Commission. 

September 2005 • Page B–36 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Nevada 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1† 1† 0† 0† 

Total Coliform Rule 69† 57† 183† 128† 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 1† 1† 0† 0† 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 1† 1† 28 22 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 93 54 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0† 0† 0† 0† 0† 0† 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 613 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 216 

Total Number of 

Violations 565* 

* Total violations in the report (565) differs from the calculated total (376). 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Nevada’s Report is available in public libraries around the state. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–37 • September 2005 
State of New Hampshire 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 20 19 357 52 

Total Coliform Rule 214 167 221 174 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 1 1 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 10 10 24 24 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 20 20 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 16 6 4 2 3 2 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,243 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 890 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

New Hampshire’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services 

Water Division, Water Supply Engineering Bureau 

29 Hazen Drive 

P.O. Box 95

Concord, NH 03301 

Web Site: http://www.des.state.nh.us/wseb 

Attention: Laurie Cullerot 

Telephone: (603) 271-2954 

E-mail: lcullerot@des.state.nh.us 

September 2005 • Page B–38 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of New Jersey 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 13 10 62 19 

Total Coliform Rule 160 117 640 485 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 0 0 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 115 111 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 15 13 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4,121 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,005 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

New Jersey did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–39 • September 2005 
State of New Mexico 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 34 16* NR NR 

Total Coliform Rule 92 83 177 118 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 29 9 1 1 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 16 16 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 573 391 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,246 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 441 

Total Number of 

Violations 922 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

New Mexico’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Fernando Martinez 

Drinking Water Bureau 

New Mexico Environment Department 

525 Camino de los Marquez 

Santa Fe, NM 87505 

Web Site: http://www.nmenv.state.nm.us/dwb/dwbtop.html 

Telephone: (505) 827-1400 

Telephone (toll-free): (877) 654-8720 

September 2005 • Page B–40 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of New York 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category* 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group NR NR NR NR 

Total Coliform Rule NR NR NR NR 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water NR NR NR NR 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR NR NR 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification NR NR 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* State submitted the information without a breakdown by rule.

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 10,081 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2,481 

Total Number of 

Violations 7,133 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

New York’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site.


Web Site: http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/water/violations/2003/2003_compliance_report.htm


2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–41 • September 2005 
State of North Carolina 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 87 44* 14,687 11,283* 

Total Coliform Rule 425 361* 4,369 2,637* 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 7 5 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 219 192* 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 5,889 2,892* 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 112** 42** 0 0 291 291 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** Values based on MCL=0.08mg/l 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6,948 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 4,521 

Total Number of 

Violations 14,340*** 

*** Total violations in the report (14,340) differs from the calculated total (26,086). 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

North Carolina’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline 

Telephone: (800) 426-4791 

North Carolina Public Water Supply Section 

Telephone: (919) 715-3243 

Web Site: http://www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws 

E-mail: Martha.Fillinger@ncmail.net 

September 2005 • Page B–42 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of North Dakota 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 22 2 

Total Coliform Rule 17 14 84 69 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 3 3 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 5 5 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 46 37 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 531 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 92 

Total Number of 

Violations 132* 

* Total violations in the report (132) differs from the calculated total (131). The difference is due to the inclusion of one violation of the Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

North Dakota’s State Report is available by contacting: 

North Dakota Department of Health 

Division of Municipal Facilities 

P.O. Box 5520

1200 Missouri Avenue 

Bismarck, ND 58506-5520 

Attention: LeeAnn Tillotson 

Telephone: (701) 328-5293 

Fax: (701) 328-5200 

E-mail: ltillots@state.nd.us 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–43 • September 2005 
Northern Mariana Islands 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 0 0 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 109 109 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 70 70 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 128 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 179 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Northern Mariana Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

September 2005 • Page B–44 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Ohio 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 59* 27* 3,860 678** 

Total Coliform Rule 294 557 1,755 1,152 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 224 45 6 4 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 96 92 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 145 145 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR 5 NR NR NR 39 

* The state report gives different counts in the summary table and another accompanying table. Counts from the summary table are shown here. 

** Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 5,522 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2,868 

Total Number of 

Violations 7,237*** 

*** Total violations in the report (7,237) differs from the calculated total (6,939). 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Ohio’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

PWS Annual Compliance Report 

Ohio EPA — DDAGW 

P.O. Box 1049

Columbus, OH 43216-1049 

Web Site: http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/annualreports.html 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–45 • September 2005 
State of Oklahoma 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 43 27* 129 104* 

Total Coliform Rule 147 124* 1,254 602* 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 45 24 12 4 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 4 3 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 68 25 53 16 4 4 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,656 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 933* 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,759 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Oklahoma’s State report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Department of Environmental Quality 

Water Quality Division, 8th Floor 

707 N. Robinson 

Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677 

Department of Environmental Quality 

Water Quality Division 

P.O. Box 1677

Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677 

Web Site: http://www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/pws/index.html 

September 2005 • Page B–46 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Oregon 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 6 6 576 478 

Total Coliform Rule 205 159 1,492 910 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 47 25 110 52 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 56 55 299 276 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 230 230 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR 4 2 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,726 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,399 

Total Number of 

Violations 3,025* 

* Total violations in the report (3,021) is less than the calculated total (3,025). The difference is due to the inclusion of the new Disinfection 

Byproducts Rule and the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Oregon’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site:


Web Site: http://www.dhs.state.or.us/publichealth/dwp/


Oregon’s State report will also be published in the newsletter “The Pipeline.”


2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–47 • September 2005 
State of Pennsylvania 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 164 109 6,601 731 

Total Coliform Rule 401 284 1,765 1,226 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 173 7 182 77 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 4 4 55 49 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 701 576 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 1 1 201 5 534 107 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 9,991 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2,479 

Total Number of 

Violations 10,782 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Pennsylvania’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Department of Environmental Protection 

Bureau of Water Supply and Wastewater Management 

P.O. Box 8467, 11th Floor RCSOB

Harrisburg, PA 17105-8467 

Web Site: http://www.dep.state.pa.us 

Telephone: (717) 787-5017 

September 2005 • Page B–48 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Puerto Rico 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 14 11* 2,333 105* 

Total Coliform Rule 269 129 2,064 245 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 369 175 1,039 131 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 11 11 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification NR NR 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 27 10 NR NR 9 7 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 498 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 6,135 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Puerto Rico’s Report is available by contacting: 

Department of Health 

Public Water Supply Supervision Program 

Ponce de León Avenue, #431 Nacional Plaza 

9th Floor, Suite 903 

Hato Rey, PR 00917 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–49 • September 2005 
State of Rhode Island 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 5 3* * 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 47 41 15 14 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 1 1 1 1 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 9 9 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 474 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 60 

Total Number of 

Violations 79 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Rhode Island’s State report is available by accessing the state’s web site.


Web Site: http://www.healthri.org/environment/dwq/index.php


The report was also distributed to Rhode Island’s public water systems, legislature, and public libraries.


September 2005 • Page B–50 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of South Carolina 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 69 23* 46 34* 

Total Coliform Rule 93 72 138 75 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 0 0 7 6 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 7 7 30 29 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 30 30 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule ** ** NR NR NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** Reported in the Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,563 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 239 

Total Number of 

Violations 420 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

South Carolina’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

SCDHEC’s Bureau of Water 

2600 Bull Street 

Columbia, SC 29201 

Web Site: http://www.scdhec.net/water 

Attention: Bruce Bleau 

Telephone: (803) 898-4154 

Fax: (803) 898-3795 

E-mail: bleaubp@dhec.sc.gov 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–51 • September 2005 
State of South Dakota 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 16 10 477 40 

Total Coliform Rule 55 38 96 67 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 5 2 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 14 13 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 63 56 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule * * NR NR NR NR 

* Reported in the Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 514 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 726 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

South Dakota’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site. 

Web Site: http://www.state.sd.us/denr/des/drinking/PDF/ACR2003.pdf 

September 2005 • Page B–52 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Tennessee 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 18 16 

Total Coliform Rule 32 30 114 115 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 32 21 23 26 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 2 1 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 9 9 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 7 4 0 0 6 6 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,162 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 162 

Total Number of 

Violations 270 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Tennessee's State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Division of Water Supply-Central Office 

401 Church Street 

6th Floor, L&C Tower 

Nashville, TN 37243-1549 

(615) 532-0191 

Chattanooga EAC Cookeville EAC Knoxville EAC Jackson EAC 

Division of Water Supply Division of Water Supply Division of Water Supply Division of Water Supply 

Suite 550-State Office Bldg. 121 South Willow Suite 220-State Plaza 362 Carriage House Drive 

540 McCallie Avenue Cookeville, TN 38502 2700 Middlebrook Pke Jackson, TN 38305-2222 

Chattanooga, TN 37402-2013 (888) 891-8332 Knoxville, TN 37219 (888) 891-8332 

(888) 891-8332 (888) 891-8332 

Columbia EAC Johnson City EAC Nashville EAC 

Division of Water Supply Division of Water Supply Division of Water Supply 

2484 Park Plus Drive 2305 Silverdale Road 711 R. S. Gass Blvd. 

Columbia, TN 38401 Johnson City, TN 37601-2162 Nashville, TN 37216 

(888) 891-8332 (888) 891-8332 (888) 891-8332 

Copies of the report are also located in most public libraries in the state and on the Department's web site at: 

http://www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/DWprogram.php#reports 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–53 • September 2005 
State of Texas 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 202 189* N/A** N/A** 

ATotal Coliform Rule 143 142 1,577 1,220 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 59 47 758 403 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 1 16 16 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 614 614 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule *** *** NR NR NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems 

** The Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission conducts Chemical Contaminant Group monitoring for all systems. 

*** Reported in the Chemical Contaminant Group. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6,676 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2,635 

Total Number of 

Violations 3,374† 

† Total violations in the report (3,374) differs from the calculated total (3,371). 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Texas’ State Report is available by contacting:


Buck Henderson


Telephone: (512) 239-0990


September 2005 • Page B–54 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Utah 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 8 8* 3,756 427* 

Total Coliform Rule 96 76* 223 145 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 0 0 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 52 52 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 36 36 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule ** ** NR NR NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** Reported in the Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 950† 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 4,171 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

The state report did not provide information regarding public availability. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–55 • September 2005 
State of Vermont 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 212 180* 

Total Coliform Rule 138 106 142 101 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 0 0 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 11 10 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 32 32 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule ** ** NR NR NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** Reported in the Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,362 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 536 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Vermont’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation 

Vermont Water Supply Division 

103 South Main Street 

Waterbury, VT 05671-0403 

Web Site: http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/watersup/wquality.htm 

Telephone: (in state) (800) 823-6500 

Telephone: (out of state) (802) 241-3400 

September 2005 • Page B–56 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Virgin Islands 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 21 21 

Total Coliform Rule 35 27 76 52 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 0 0 NR NR 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 119 119 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification NR NR 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR 0 0 NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 350 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 251 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

The Virgin Islands’ Report is available by contacting: 

Department of Planning and Natural Resources 

Division of Environmental Protection 

Virgin Islands’ Report is also available at all public libraries, the University of the Virgin Islands’ (UVI) library, UVI’s 

Water Resource Research Institute, and at local laboratories. 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–57 • September 2005 
State of Virginia 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 168 64 532 25 

Total Coliform Rule 333 272 1,018 693 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 14 13 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 45 43 163 142 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 79 49 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 3,236 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,086 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,352 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Virginia’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Central Office of the Office of Drinking Water 

Robert A. K. Payne, JD, Director of Regulatory Enforcement 

Web Site: http:\\www.vdh.state.va.us 

Telephone: (804) 864-7498 

September 2005 • Page B–58 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Washington 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 67 31 144 108 

Total Coliform Rule 478 352 977 675 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 63 24 21 4 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 20 20 277 271 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 757* 434** 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* This number includes violations that have taken place prior to calendar 2003. 

** Systems are considered in violation if they have not provided all reports for past years. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4,131 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,539 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,804 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Washington’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Department of Health 

Division of Drinking Water 

P.O. Box 47822

Olympia, WA 98504-7822 

Web Site: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/enforcement/enflink2.htm 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–59 • September 2005 
State of West Virginia 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 5 3 288 9 

Total Coliform Rule 20 18 713 326 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 65 28 291 55 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 12 10 160 76 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 191 132 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,373 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 485 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,733* 

* Total violations in the report (1,733) differs from the calculated total (1,745). 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

West Virginia’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline 

(800) 426-4791 

Web Site: http://www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/rd&c/reports.asp 

September 2005 • Page B–60 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Wisconsin 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 17 11 2,021 591 

Total Coliform Rule 386 337 1,457 1,315 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 0 0 0 0 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 9 9 104 84 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 50 84 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule * * NR NR NR NR 

* Reported in the Chemical Contaminant Group. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 11,393 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,816 

Total Number of 

Violations 4,044 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

The Wisconsin 2003 Annual Compliance Report is available by contacting: 

Mark Nelson 

Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater 

P.O. Box 7921

Madison, WI 53707 

Telephone: (608) 267-4230 

Email: mark.nelson@dnr.state.wi.us 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–61 • September 2005 
State of Wyoming 2003 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2003 

Violations Category 

MCL/MDRL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 76 72 

Total Coliform Rule 62* 42** 141 108 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water 5 4 2 2 

Treatment Rule, and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 3 3 

Consumer Confidence Report, 

Public Notification 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* The state report gives different counts in the text and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here. 

** Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 747 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 290* 

* The total number of violations in the summary table and text (290) differs from the total number of violations calculated from the Region 8 WY 

2003 Compliance Report table (287). 

Where to Obtain the 2003 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Wyoming’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

EPA’s Region 8 Environmental Information Services Center 

Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/region08/water/dwhome/wycon/wycon.html 

Telephone: (303) 312-6312 or (800) 227-8917 

E-mail: r8eisc@epa.gov 

September 2005 • Page B–62 2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Appendix C


Map of Indian Lands


Indian Lands 

2003 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix C Page C–1 • September 2005