2011 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report

2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National 

Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance

Providing Safe Drinking

Water in America
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A)

Washington, DC 20460

EPA DOCUMENT 

October 2012

ii
2011 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary....................................................................... 1

Introduction ................................................................................ 5

Part 1. Summary of Compliance and Enforcement at Public Water Systems 

throughout the U.S., including Those in Indian Country

............................................................................................... 8

Part 2. Summary of Compliance, Enforcement, and Financial Assistance at 

Public Water Systems in Indian Country ............................................. 14

Part 3. Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................ 20

APPENDIX A

Glossary of Terms

APPENDIX B

Summaries of State Annual Compliance Reports

iii
2011 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report

Executive Summary

The United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is directed by the Safe Drinking Water 

Act (SDWA) to annually report on public water system (PWS) compliance in the United States. To meet 

this requirement, EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA) publishes the 

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report (Report) summarizing the incidence of significant 

violations, which include all health-based violations and a subset of other violations, as shown in Table 

A-1. The Report for 2011 documents that, while the majority of the U.S. population served by PWSs

receives safe drinking water, many PWSs incurred significant violations of federal drinking water quality 

standards. The number of PWS’s with significant violations decreased from 39,716 in 2010 to 37,631 in 

2011. 

In December 2011, there were 151,739 active1 PWSs in the U.S., serving over 318 million users. Small

PWSs2 comprise the vast majority of all these systems. Noncompliance occurs more frequently at smaller 

PWSs because they often have fewer resources to operate and maintain compliance. For this reason, 

EPA, states, and other organizations provide significant resources to small PWSs to build their capacity to 

properly finance, operate, and maintain their drinking water systems. Among other mechanisms to 

support small PWSs, EPA provides funds through the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund and the 

Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) program for third-party technical assistance providers, and 

maintains multiple, free online financial and technical websites, tools and resources.

Overall Compliance Is Improving

EPA tracks compliance at PWSs in different ways and for different purposes. For purposes of this report, 

EPA tracks compliance in two ways: 1) the number of PWSs with significant violations3 reported to EPA 

by primacy agencies each year (that is, any health-based violation or certain monitoring and reporting 

violations where the facility fails to report water sampling results); and 2) the number of PWSs that are 

classified as being priorities for enforcement (that is, they have serious, repeated or continuing violations 

that make them a priority, as defined by the 2009 SDWA Enforcement Response Policy).

The number of PWSs with significant violations (i.e., health-based, certain monitoring and reporting, or 

certain notification violations) reported to EPA each year decreased incrementally between 2007 and 

2011. The most frequently reported violations continue to be monitoring and reporting violations. PWSs, 

especially smaller ones, often lack the managerial capacity to ensure that monitoring and reporting 

schedules are followed. Failure to monitor or report is serious because it means that PWS operators, 

regulators and consumers do not know whether drinking water standards are being met.

1 Active PWSs are defined as those PWSs that have operated for some period in the calendar year. This would 

include PWSs that are only operating during part of the year, such as summer campgrounds.

2 Small systems are defined in some contexts as serving 3,300 or fewer customers, and in others as serving 10,000 or 

fewer. For purposes of this report, references to small systems always refer to those serving 3,300 or fewer. In other 

EPA documents small systems may be further categorized into very small systems as those serving 500 or fewer 

customers.

3 Details concerning significant violations can be found in Appendix A in Table A-1.

1

 
Beginning in 2010, EPA established a water system-based approach to addressing noncompliance with 

federal requirements in accordance with the revised Enforcement Response Policy (ERP) issued on 

December 8, 2009. This policy instituted a process for prioritizing systems for enforcement based on the 

number and types of violations at each system. Using this approach, all violations at a priority system are 

to be addressed in a timely manner in a joint response by the primacy agency. This approach returns 

systems to full compliance more efficiently than under the previous rule-by-rule approach, where 

incidences of significant noncompliance were likely addressed under separate responses focusing on 

violations under an individual rule. For more information on the 2009 ERP, see 

http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/drinking_water_erp_2009.pdf.

The number of PWSs classified as priorities for enforcement at some time during the calendar year 

decreased from 13,468 (9 percent of all systems) in 2010 to 8,172 (5 percent) in 2011. Primacy agencies 

made progress in addressing a backlog of noncompliance through compliance assistance and enforcement 

actions, while reporting those activities into the national data system.

Compliance and Enforcement at PWSs in U.S., Including Indian Country 

Primacy agencies reported that approximately 25 percent of all PWSs in the U.S. had at least one 

significant violation in 2011. This rate is slightly lower than the rates reported in previous years. The data 

submitted by primacy agencies indicate that six percent of all PWSs in the U.S. serving approximately 

18.7 million consumers had violations of health-based standards in 2011, while significant monitoring 

and reporting violations were reported for about 15 percent of all PWSs. In 2011, EPA and primacy 

agencies initiated 7,846 enforcement actions4

in response to drinking water violations at PWSs in their 

jurisdictions. The enforcement actions counted in this report are a subset of all possible enforcement 

actions, which include some formal enforcement actions and other actions that may return a system to 

compliance. 

Compliance and Enforcement in Indian Country 

In 2011, 985 PWSs served over 1.2 million consumers in Indian country. EPA regions and the Navajo 

Nation5

reported that approximately 42 percent of all PWSs in Indian country had at least one significant 

violation in 2011. This rate of significant violations is lower than in 2010 and represents a downward 

trend since 2007. EPA regions and the Navajo Nation reported that 11 percent of PWSs in Indian 

country (serving 143,997 consumers) had health-based violations, while 34 percent of PWSs in Indian 

country had significant monitoring and reporting violations. In 2011, EPA and the Navajo Nation took 

44 enforcement actions in Indian country. 

The PWSs in Indian country consist mainly of smaller PWSs, many of which may face significant 

financial and technical challenges in complying with National Primary Drinking Water Regulations 

(NPDWRs). EPA devotes considerable financial and staff resources to improve compliance in Indian 

country, as discussed in more detail in this report.

4 For purposes of this report, enforcement actions include a variety of administrative, civil and criminal actions, and 

other actions that primacy agencies use to address violations.

5 The Navajo Nation has primacy for most, but not all, public water systems that are located on Navajo 

Reservations. Throughout this report references to the Navajo Nation relate only to those public water systems 

where they maintain primacy.

2

 
Source and Quality of Data Used for this Report

The data summarized in this report are housed in the Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal 

Version (SDWIS/FED). PWSs are required to sample and test their water and report the results to the 

agency with primacy for implementing SDWA–either the state or territory in which the system is located, 

the Navajo Nation for most of the Navajo Reservation, or to EPA if the system is in Indian country. The 

primacy agency reviews the test results and other required reports and determines whether a violation has 

occurred. The primacy agency is required by EPA to report all violations and enforcement data into 

SDWIS/FED; a finding of compliance is not required to be reported to EPA.

Over the past decade, EPA has evaluated state and EPA regional programs’ data quality by conducting 

data verification audits and national data quality assessments, comparing primacy agencies’ files and 

records with information in SDWIS/FED to verify accuracy, completeness and whether appropriate 

compliance determinations are made (that is, in accordance with federal regulations). These audits and 

assessments have shown that violation data are incomplete. EPA and primacy agencies are currently 

working together to devise a modern data system that will be instrumental in improving accuracy and 

completeness.

In light of known underreporting, EPA recognizes that the findings in this report likely underestimate the 

actual level of noncompliance at PWSs in 2011. EPA continues to work with its state and tribal partners 

to identify and resolve problems that may have produced data discrepancies in the past and to ensure that 

complete and accurate documentation is available to help assess the safety of the nation’s drinking water.

Recommendations

1. Continue to Improve Compliance Rates

States, territories, Navajo Nation, and EPA should continue working together to return violating PWSs to 

compliance as efficiently and effectively as possible. Pursuing the more holistic, systems-based approach 

to addressing noncompliance is an important element of improving performance among PWSs.

2. Improve Data Quality

Data quality improvement must remain a high priority for EPA and the primacy agencies. Primacy 

agencies must provide complete and accurate data to the public and to EPA. Without high quality data 

from primacy agencies, EPA cannot fulfill its responsibility to fully assess the state of compliance of the 

nation’s PWSs and to communicate to the public, Congress and other oversight bodies. 

3. Continue to Implement the 2009 Enforcement Response Policy

Primacy agencies will continue to pursue enforcement actions against violating public water systems, 

including those in Indian country, both to expeditiously return violations to compliance and to deter 

future violations. EPA and primacy agencies will continue to implement the ERP and provide training 

and support as needed.

3
4. Continue to Develop Capacity at Smaller Public Water Systems

EPA will continue its efforts to support PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer consumers through the capacity 

development program. Recognizing the challenges facing these drinking water systems, EPA provides 

tools and assistance for capacity development, which refers to the technical, financial and managerial 

capacity of a system to provide safe drinking water. The program also provides information about 

treatment technology options for small systems. 

5. Continue to Increase Transparency of Data

EPA believes that raising the public’s awareness of the violations at PWSs will encourage PWSs to 

improve their compliance. In addition to the information in this report, data on the numbers and types of 

PWSs, populations served, source water, violations, enforcement actions and more are presented in 

various other formats on EPA’s public website at the following URLs:

http://water.epa.gov/scitech/datait/databases/drink/sdwisfed/howtoaccessdata.cfm

http://www.epa.gov/enviro/

http://www.epa-otis.gov/echo/compliance_report_sdwa.html

Readers should be aware that data in these reports and others using SDWIS data may differ somewhat, 

depending on the specific queries used and dates of information used to generate each report.

4
2011 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report

Introduction

Purpose of Report

The annual National Public Water Systems Compliance Report (Report) summarizes and evaluates annual 

reports submitted by primacy agencies6 regarding compliance at public water systems (PWSs) of all types 

and sizes in the U.S. in calendar year 2011. The information in this report summarizes PWS 

noncompliance with the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) at the national and 

state levels, and does not provide information about specific water systems. This report is compiled 

annually as required by Section 1414(c)(3)(B) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The report 

includes the following:

 Part 1: Summary of Compliance and Enforcement at PWSs Throughout the U.S. (including those in 

Indian Country)

 Part 2: Summary of Compliance, Enforcement, and Financial Assistance at PWSs in Indian Country

 Part 3: Conclusions and Recommendations

 Appendices: Glossary of Terms and Summaries of State Annual Compliance Reports 

Scope of Report

This report discusses the incidence of significant violations at PWSs (see Table A-1 in Appendix A) as 

defined by the SDWA, occurring between January 1 and December 31, 2011, including:

 All violations of health-based standards, including exceedances of Maximum Contaminant Levels

(MCLs) and Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDLs) along with violations of treatment 

technique (TT) requirements;

 Significant notification violations (i.e., complete failure to provide required notification); and

 Significant monitoring and reporting violations (e.g., where a PWS did not take a sample or failed 

to report results during a compliance period).

A PWS is a system that provides water for human consumption, if such system has at least 15 service 

connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the year. EPA does not have 

the authority to regulate private drinking water wells that do not meet the above criteria. Therefore, data 

in this report are for PWSs only.

For purposes of this report, small systems are defined as those serving up to 3,300 customers. PWS size 

is generally associated with a system’s ability to maintain or return to compliance following a violation of 

a NPDWR. In general, large PWSs have greater capacity to maintain compliance than small systems and 

can return to compliance more quickly than small systems. This disparity is often the result of differences 

in financial, administrative, and technical capacity between large and small systems. Small PWSs have a 

6 Federal approval to implement the drinking water program is called primary enforcement authority, or “primacy.” 

The term “primacy agency” includes 55 states, commonwealths, and territories that have been approved to 

implement the drinking water program within their jurisdictions. It also includes the Navajo Nation, which has 

primacy for most, but not all, PWSs that are located on Navajo lands. When this report mentions PWSs in Navajo 

Nation, it refers to those PWSs for which the Navajo Nation exercises primacy. During calendar year 2011, EPA 

directly implemented the drinking water program in Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and throughout all of 

Indian country, except for those PWSs under Navajo Nation primacy. EPA is responsible for submitting violation 

information into SDWIS for the areas where the Agency directly implements the program.

5

 
smaller customer base to support purchase and installation of needed infrastructure and to operate and 

maintain the system. Similarly, small PWSs may be unable or unwilling to charge users rates sufficient to 

cover the true cost of collecting, treating, and distributing the water. Lack of funding may cause small 

PWSs to delay needed capital improvements. Small PWSs (particularly non-community water systems)

are often overseen by part-time administrators who are not environmental professionals, and the pay for 

the system operators may not be adequate to attract and keep someone with the necessary training and 

skills. If there are violations, small PWSs may not have the technical capabilities to correct the underlying 

problems. Because of the relationship between system size and the ability to achieve and maintain 

compliance, some of the findings in this report are discussed in terms of system size. 

EPA’s goal is to ensure that all citizens are provided with safe drinking water. EPA’s Enforcement 

Response Policy (ERP) for the Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Program under the SDWA 

issued on December 8, 2009, recommends that formal enforcement action should be taken when 

assistance or informal enforcement action does not effectively return a PWS to compliance in a timely 

manner, regardless of the size, type, owner, operator or location of the system. The ERP establishes a 

framework for prioritizing PWSs for formal enforcement in order to ensure that those with the most 

severe violations are addressed. Systems with the most serious violations or combination of frequent or 

persistent violations are considered to be priorities for enforcement. When determining if a PWS is an 

enforcement priority, the ERP considers all unresolved violations within the past five years. The ERP 

provides that all violations at a PWS be addressed by response action, thus returning the PWS to 

compliance more quickly than was previously done. This practice began in 2006 on an ad-hoc basis and 

triggered a decline in the number of PWSs prioritized for enforcement. With the inclusion of this 

provision in the 2009 ERP, EPA expects this decline to continue. Data for 2011 confirms this expectation.

Source and Quality of Data

This report is based on violation types shown in Table A-1 (Appendix A) that occurred during calendar 

year 2011. EPA acknowledges that the data summarized in this report are incomplete. The data are 

housed in the Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED). PWSs are 

required to take samples and test their water and report the results to their primacy agency—usually the 

state in which the system is located, or to EPA if the system is in Wyoming, the District of Columbia, 

or Indian country where a tribe does not have primacy. The primacy agency reviews the test results and 

other required reports and determines whether a violation has occurred. The primacy agency is required 

by EPA to enter all violation and enforcement data into SDWIS/FED; a finding of compliance is not 

required to be entered into SDWIS/FED.

Over the past decade, EPA has evaluated state and regional programs’ data quality by conducting data 

verification audits and national data quality assessments. During these audits and assessments, EPA 

compares primacy agency files and records to information in SDWIS/FED to verify accuracy, 

completeness and whether appropriate compliance determinations are made (that is, in accordance with 

federal regulations). These audits and assessments have shown that data in SDWIS/FED were 

incomplete; however, the health-based violation data that were present in the database were accurate. 

Most of the missing data were associated with violations that were either not recognized as, or were not 

deemed to be, violations by primacy agencies. EPA and states have undertaken a number of activities to 

improve data quality, and are now working together to build a modern data system that will be 

instrumental in improving data accuracy and completeness. 

6
Part 1. Summary of Compliance and Enforcement at PWSs 

Throughout the U.S. (Including Those in Indian Country)

Inventory of Public Water Systems by Size

The number of PWSs operating in 2011 was 151,739, serving over 318 million consumers. The 

proportion of small PWSs to the total number of PWSs remained consistent with previous years at 94

percent.

 

Small PWSs comprise the vast majority of all PWSs, but they serve just 12 percent of all consumers. For 

purposes of this report, small PWSs are defined as those serving 3,300 or fewer people. Small PWSs 

include both community water systems (those systems that serve the same individuals year-round), as 

well as non-community systems serving at least 25 people for at least 60 days per year. Some examples of 

non-community systems include offices, schools, hospitals, gas stations and parks with their own systems. 

For discussion purposes, systems serving more than 3,300 customers (i.e., medium-sized to large 

systems) are grouped together throughout this report.

PWSs with Significant Violations of Any Type

In 2011, about 75 percent (114,108) of PWSs in the U.S., serving approximately 82 percent of the 

population, had no significant violation of any type, as reported by primacy agencies7

. Significant 

violations include all violations of health-based standards, including exceedances of MCLs and MRDLs

and violations of TT rules; certain notification violations (i.e., complete failure to provide required 

notification); and certain monitoring and reporting violations (failure to sample or to report results during 

a compliance period). Significant violations were reported for 37,631 PWSs in 2011, representing about 

25 percent of all active PWSs. This rate continues the general decrease in significant violations between 

2007 and 2011. 

7 All references to populations served throughout this report are approximate, because most consumers receive 

drinking water from more than one system (e.g., at home, at work, at parks or commercial establishments, etc.). 

Therefore, adding the number of users of all system types would result in a number greater than the entire U.S. 

population.

94%

3%3%

PWSs in U.S. by Size

Total Number of PWSs = 151,739

Small

Medium

Large

12% of 

population

10% of 

population

78% of 

population

Population Served by PWS Size

U.S. Population Served = 318 million

Small

Medium

Large

7

 
About one half of all significant violations reported were monitoring and reporting violations. The graph 

below shows that the greatest number of PWSs had violations of this type. Note that the total of the 

numbers of systems in the graph below is greater than the 37,631 PWSs that violated at least one 

NPDWR, because some systems violated multiple NPDWRs.

43,826 42,168 42,203 39,716 37,631 

28% 27% 28% 26% 25%

 -

 5,000

 10,000

 15,000

 20,000

 25,000

 30,000

 35,000

 40,000

 45,000

 50,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Number of PWSs

Note: The total number of systems declined from 155,559 in 2007 to 151,739 in 2011.

Number and Percentage of PWSs with Significant Violations 

2007-2011

9,780 

23,422 

4,199 

8,623 

6%

15%

3%

6%

 -

 5,000

 10,000

 15,000

 20,000

 25,000

Health-based Monitoring and

Reporting

Consumer

Confidence

Public Notification

Number of PWSs

Number and Percentage of PWSs with Significant Violations by 

Violation Type - 2011

Total Number of PWSs = 151,739

8
PWSs with Health-Based Violations

Based on data reported by primacy agencies, 94 percent of PWSs (141,959) had no reported violations of 

health-based standards. Conversely, 6 percent of PWSs (9,870) did have reported health-based violations. 

These PWSs with reported health-based violations served approximately 18.7 million consumers in 2011. 

EPA’s health-based standards are designed to reduce or eliminate contaminants that can negatively 

impact human health even with limited exposure. Health-based standards include MCLs, MRDLs, and 

TTs. An MCL is the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. An MRDL is the 

highest level of a disinfectant that is allowed in the drinking water. A TT is a required treatment process 

(such as filtration or disinfection) intended to prevent the occurrence of or deactivate a contaminant in 

drinking water. TTs are adopted where it is not economically or technologically feasible to monitor the 

level of a contaminant, such as microbes, where even single organisms that occur unpredictably or 

episodically can cause adverse health effects. 

It is important to note that when a PWS violates a health-based standard, the consumers served by that 

system may be at an increased risk of illness depending upon several factors, including the type and 

concentration of the contaminant and the duration and the magnitude of the exceedance. PWSs that 

exceed MCLs or MRDLs are required to notify their consumers about the possibility of these increased 

health risks.

Public Water Systems with Significant Monitoring and Reporting Violations

If a system does not monitor the quality of its water, it is impossible for consumers and primacy agencies 

to know whether the water being served is meeting health-based standards. For this reason, a system’s 

failure to monitor and report for an entire compliance period is a significant violation that must be 

addressed and corrected. In 2011, primacy agencies reported significant monitoring and reporting 

violations for about 15 percent of all PWSs (23,422). Approximately 55 percent of the 23,422 PWSs in 

2011 had at least one violation of monitoring and reporting requirements of the Total Coliform Rule 

(TCR). While this percentage is high, it should be noted that the likelihood of occurrence for this type of 

violations is much higher than for other violations. Unlike the other NPDWRs, the TCR applies to all 

PWSs with many PWSs monitoring multiple times a year; thus increasing the likelihood of the primacy 

agency reporting a TCR monitoring and reporting violation. 

Contaminant-Related Violations Reported Most Frequently

In 2011, primacy agencies reported 17,458 health-based violations at 9,870 PWSs as well as 83,971 

significant monitoring and reporting violations at 23,422 PWSs. Monitoring and reporting violations for 

the Chemical Contaminant Group were the most frequent monitoring and reporting violations, at 58 

percent. The higher frequency of monitoring and reporting violations for the Chemical Contaminant 

Group is likely because a single monitoring sample may be used for various inorganic and organic 

contaminants. Compliance with many organic and inorganic standards is determined on the basis of a 

sample being analyzed for multiple contaminants, with one missed sample resulting in monitoring and 

reporting violations for each of those contaminant standards. 

The following graph shows the rates, by rule, at which significant violations were reported to have 

occurred in 2011. The rules or rule categories in the graph include: 

 Chem -- Chemical Contaminant Group. This category includes rules for organic, synthetic organic, 

volatile organic, inorganic (except for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants. 

 TCR -- Total Coliform Rule 

9
 SWR (Surface Water Rules) -- This category includes the long-term 1enhanced surface water 

treatment rule (LTIESWTR), surface water treatment rule (SWTR), interim enhanced surface water 

rule (IESWTR) and filter backwash recycling rule (FBRR).

 LCR -- Lead and Copper Rule

 DBPR -- Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule

 GWR -- Ground Water Rule.

As context for the total number of violations occurring in a year, it is important to note that PWSs are 

subject to numerous rules and standards, depending on their size, type, and source of water. A large 

system may be required to sample as many as 480 times in one month under the TCR, with the potential 

for 5,760 health-based violations in a year for that rule at that one system. A small PWS may be required 

to sample just once a month under the same rule. Similarly, failure to take one required sample that is 

used to test for multiple contaminants results in separate monitoring and reporting violations for each 

contaminant tested for in the sample. 

PWSs with Violations of Variances or Exemptions

Under federal law, EPA and primacy agencies can grant variances or exemptions to PWSs in limited 

circumstances allowing them to install alternative technology or giving them more time to meet a 

standard if public health is adequately protected in the interim. Thirteen violations of variances or 

exemptions were reported by primacy agencies during 2011. 

Primacy Agencies and EPA Response to Violations

Assistance 

State primacy agencies and EPA engage in a variety of compliance, financial and technical assistance 

activities to help PWSs remain in and/or return to compliance. These activities are often generic and 

ongoing, while others are targeted to specific systems or NPDWRs. Examples include:

 Conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys at PWSs (e.g., an on-site review of the water sources, 

facilities, equipment, operations, and maintenance to evaluate their adequacy in producing and 

distributing safe drinking water); sanitary surveys are required to be conducted at community water 

26%

49%

2%

7%

14%

3%

58%

25%

9%

1%

4% 4%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Chem TCR LCR SWR DBPR GWR

Percent of Violations

Significant Contaminant-Related Violations by Type - 2011

Number of Health-based Violations = 17,458

Number of Monitoring and Reporting Violations = 83,971

Health-based Monitoring and Reporting

10
systems every 3-5 years and non-community water systems every five years.

 Helping PWSs identify and implement preventive measures.

 Providing financial assistance for system improvements through the Drinking Water State Revolving 

Fund.

 Reviewing water system plans and specifications.

 Conducting training sessions.

 Holding public information meetings.

 Lending specialized monitoring equipment, such as handheld equipment.

 Publishing information and providing training events and other educational opportunities.

PWSs often return to compliance on their own without assistance or other primacy agency response.

Informal Enforcement

When a drinking water violation is identified and a PWS does not resolve its violation on its own, or 

compliance assistance does not return the violating system to compliance, EPA program implementation 

guidelines direct the primacy agency to initiate an enforcement response. Generally, the primacy agency’s 

first response to violations are informal enforcement actions such as field visits, reminder letters, 

telephone calls, warning letters, and notices of violation. 

Formal Enforcement

If a violation continues or recurs, the primacy agency must initiate a formal enforcement response that 

requires the violating PWS to return to compliance under an enforceable timetable. Formal enforcement 

responses include citations, administrative orders with or without penalties, civil referrals to state attorney 

generals or the U.S. Department of Justice, filing criminal charges, and other sanctions. The timetable 

establishes when a PWS must have taken all corrective actions needed to return to compliance. This may 

be years, particularly when new construction and/or equipment are needed to return a PWS to 

compliance. If there is risk to public health, EPA and those entities with primacy, including the Navajo 

Nation, can issue emergency orders in accordance with the authority under Section 1431 of the SDWA 

that require the PWS to immediately take action to protect public health and return the system to 

compliance. 

Prioritization of Systems for Enforcement

Beginning in 2010, EPA and primacy agencies began implementing the revised ERP, which changed the 

prioritization process to one that is more protective of public health. The policy lays out expectations for 

timely and appropriate enforcement response. All unresolved violations not already under formal 

enforcement at each PWS are considered in the prioritization process. PWSs are then ranked according to 

the seriousness of their violations, with acute health-based violations weighted most heavily. This ranking 

allows primacy agencies to distinguish the systems with the most serious noncompliance and to allocate 

enforcement resources accordingly. This approach to prioritizing enforcement under the ERP returns 

PWSs to full compliance more efficiently than under the previous rule-by-rule approach. Under the ruleby-rule approach, incidences of significant noncompliance were determined separately for each rule based 

upon the level of noncompliance. The enforcement action was focused on the violations found under that 

one rule. Therefore, the incidences of significant noncompliance were likely addressed under separate 

responses focusing on violations under an individual rule, rather than addressing violations incurred by 

the PWS under all rules in a joint enforcement response. More detail about the prioritization and 

expectations for primacy agencies can be found in the ERP on EPA’s website at 

http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/drinking_water_erp_2009.pdf.

11
A decrease in the number of PWSs classified as priorities for enforcement was seen from 2010 to 2011. 

About 5 percent (8,172 PWSs) of all PWSs were enforcement priorities at least once during 2011. This is 

down from 9 percent (13,468 PWSs) of all PWSs in 2010. Approximately 2-4 percent of all PWSs were 

enforcement priorities in any given quarter, as primacy agencies implemented the revised ERP. 

In 2011, EPA and primacy agencies initiated 7,846 enforcement actions8 in response to drinking water 

violations at PWSs in their jurisdictions. The enforcement actions counted in this report are a subset of all 

possible enforcement actions, which include some formal enforcement actions and other actions that may 

return a system to compliance. Most of these actions were taken by states with primacy. EPA retains 

primacy in Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and in Indian country, except for the Navajo Nation. 

EPA’s actions were primarily in these areas where it has primacy. EPA may also initiate enforcement 

actions in primacy states, often at a state’s invitation.

It is important to note that the number of enforcement actions in a year does not necessarily correlate with 

the violations that are reported in the same year. Most violations are resolved without the need for 

enforcement action of any kind. Many enforcement actions are initiated against violations that occurred in 

a previous year. One enforcement action may address numerous violations at the same system. It is also 

important to note that it may take several years for a system to return to full compliance once an 

enforcement action is initiated, such as when new treatment technology must be financed, procured, 

installed and brought online.

8 For purposes of this report, enforcement actions include a variety of administrative, civil and criminal actions, and 

other actions that primacy agencies use to address violations.

4254

5570

4609

8598

7619

178 350 50 124 227

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Number of Enforcement Actions

* Enforcement actions counted in this report include a combination of 

administrative, civil and criminal actions and other actions needed to return a 

PWS to compliance.

State and EPA Enforcement* Actions at PWSs

2007-2011

States EPA

12

 
Part 2. Summary of Compliance, Enforcement, and Financial 

Assistance at PWSs in Indian Country

Implementation of SDWA in Indian Country

Federally-recognized Indian tribes may apply for primacy to administer the drinking water program 

provided they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and 1451 of the SDWA. To date, only the Navajo 

Nation has sought and received primacy for most PWSs on the Navajo Reservation. EPA administers the 

drinking water program in the rest of Indian country. 

The data presented in this section of the report are for PWSs in the Navajo Nation, and in Indian country 

where EPA has primacy. The data includes PWSs on the Navajo Nation that are not under Navajo 

primacy and PWSs in Indian country in Alaska. The state of Alaska is the primacy agency with oversight 

of PWSs for Alaska Native Villages. Similarly, this section excludes data for 18 PWSs serving Native 

Americans that are located in Oklahoma. Information on these facilities can be found in the state reports 

for Alaska and Oklahoma. However, the states do not separate tribal information from non-tribal 

information in their state reports.

Inventory of PWSs by Size in Indian Country

In 2011, 985 PWSs served over 1.2 million users in Indian country. Small PWSs comprised 91 percent of 

all PWSs in Indian country serving approximately 41 percent of the people in Indian country who 

received water from PWSs. This is in contrast to the U.S. as a whole where small PWSs comprise 94 

percent of all PWSs and serve approximately 12 percent of all consumers. The percentage of small PWSs 

in Indian country with violations is greater than the percentage of small PWSs outside of Indian country 

with violations.

 

PWSs with Significant Violations of Any Type in Indian Country

In 2011, EPA and the Navajo Nation reported that 58 percent or 567 of the 985 PWSs in Indian country 

for which they have primacy, serving approximately 812,643 consumers, had no significant violation of 

any type. Conversely, 42 percent of PWSs had at least one significant violation reported, almost twice the 

rate outside of Indian country (25 percent). The rate has been largely declining over the period for which 

91%

7% 2%

PWSs in Indian Country

by Size in 2011

Total Number of PWSs = 985

Small

Medium

Large

41%

32%

27%

Population Served in Indian 

Country by PWS Size in 2011

Total Population Served = 1,248,045

Small

Medium

Large

13
trends were calculated. Fluctuation from one year to the next occurs due to the large number of systems 

and potential violations. In addition, fluctuation may be due to the cyclical nature of the chemical 

contaminant group monitoring requirements, which are on a three to nine-year schedule. The chemical 

contaminant group consists of over seventy contaminants. To reduce the complexity of monitoring, EPA 

developed the standardized monitoring framework outlining monitoring schedules covering three to nine 

year periods. While the general decline in this rate since 2008 is important, EPA considers this percentage 

of significant violations to be too high and that further actions are necessary to improve noncompliance.

The types of violations reported by the 418 PWSs (42 percent) are shown below. Significant monitoring 

and reporting violations comprise the most frequently reported violations of all types in Indian country 

and outside of Indian country.

110 

333 

115 

2 

11%

34%

12%

<1% -

 50

 100

 150

 200

 250

 300

 350

Health-based Monitoring and

Reporting

Consumer

Confidence

Public Notification

Number of PWSs

Number and Percentage of PWSs with Significant Violations 

in Indian Country by Type - 2011

Total Number of Systems = 985

14

454 

520 

433 

478 

418 

55% 63% 52% 48% 42%

 -

 100

 200

 300

 400

 500

 600

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Number of PWSs

Note: The total number of systems in Indian Country fluctuated between 

825 and 987 systems from 2007-2011.

Number and Percentage of PWSs with Significant Violations 

in Indian Country

2007-2011
Note that the total number of PWSs in the graph is greater than the 478 PWSs that violated at least one 

NPDWR because some systems violated multiple NPDWRs.

PWSs with Health-Based Violations in Indian Country

Eleven percent of PWSs (110 systems) in Indian country had health-based violations in 2011. These 

PWSs served twelve percent (143,997) of consumers in 2011.

PWSs with Significant Monitoring and Reporting Violations in Indian Country

If a PWS does not monitor the quality of its water, it is impossible to know if drinking water standards are 

being met. For this reason, a PWS’s significant failure to monitor and report is a major violation that must 

be addressed and corrected. Overall the most frequently reported violations are significant monitoring and 

reporting violations, both inside Indian country and outside. In 2011, 34 percent (333 PWSs) in Indian 

country had significant monitoring and reporting violations. 

Contaminant-Related Violations Reported Most Frequently in Indian Country

The most frequently reported contaminant-related violation among all PWSs in Indian country was

monitoring and reporting under the Chemical Contaminant Group (58 percent). Exceedances of the MCL 

for the Chemical Contaminant Group were the most frequently reported health-based violations, making 

up 44 percent of all health-based violations.

PWSs with Violations of Variances or Exemptions in Indian Country

No violations of variances or exemptions were reported by the primacy agencies for Indian country 

during 2011. 

EPA Response to Violations in Indian Country

In 2011, EPA devoted significant financial and staff resources to improve compliance in Indian country.

44%

24%

2%

12% 15%

4%

58%

15% 14%

3% 7%

2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Chem TCR LCR SWR DBPR GWR

Percentage of Violations

Significant Contaminant-Related Violations in

Indian Country - 2011

Number of Health-based Violations = 250

Number of Monitoring and Reporting Violations = 1,662 

Health-based Monitoring and Reporting

15
The PWSs in Indian country consist mainly of smaller PWSs that face significant financial and technical 

challenges in complying with NPDWRs.

Compliance Assistance for PWSs in Indian Country

Navajo Nation and EPA engage in a variety of compliance, financial and technical assistance activities to 

help PWSs for which they have primacy remain in and/or return to compliance. These activities are often 

generic and ongoing, while others are targeted to specific PWSs. Examples include: 

 Conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys at PWSs (e.g., an on-site review of the water sources, 

facilities, equipment, operations, and maintenance to evaluate their adequacy in producing and 

distributing safe drinking water; sanitary surveys are required to be conducted at community water 

systems every 3-5 years). 

 Helping PWSs identify and implement preventive measures. 

 Providing financial assistance for system improvements through the Drinking Water State Revolving 

Fund tribal set-aside. 

 Conducting training sessions. 

 Holding public information meetings. 

 Lending specialized monitoring equipment, such as handheld equipment. 

 Publishing information and providing training events and other educational opportunities. 

In many cases, EPA coordinates its assistance with other Federal agencies, including the U.S. Department 

of Health and Human Service’s Indian Health Service, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Rural Utility 

Service, and the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Indian Affairs and Bureau of Reclamation. In 

addition, EPA works with non-governmental organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including the Native 

American Water Association, the National Rural Water Association, and the Rural Community 

Assistance Partnership to ensure compliance at PWS in Indian country. 

PWSs often return to compliance on their own without assistance or other EPA and non-EPA responses.

Informal Enforcement for Violations in Indian Country

When a drinking water violation is identified and a PWS does not resolve its violation on its own, or 

compliance assistance does not return the violating system to compliance, EPA’s program 

implementation guidelines direct the Agency to initiate an enforcement response. Generally, EPA’s first 

response to violations are informal actions such as field visits, reminder letters, telephone calls, warning 

letters, and notices of violation. If a PWS is owned or operated by a tribal government, EPA’s 

enforcement response is guided both by the SDWA and program implementation guidance and the “EPA 

Policy for the Administration of Environmental Programs on Indian Reservations” and the “Guidance on 

the Enforcement Principles Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy” (EPA Enforcement Principles). For 

more information, see http://www2.epa.gov/enforcement/transmittal-final-guidance-enforcementprinciples-outlined1984-indian-policy-january-17 and http://www.epa.gov/tp/pdf/indian-policy-84.pdf. 

Formal Enforcement for Violations in Indian Country 

If a violation continues or recurs at a PWS in Indian country, EPA or the Navajo Nation as the primacy 

agency must initiate a formal enforcement response that requires the violating PWS to return to 

compliance under an enforceable timetable. Formal enforcement responses include citations, 

administrative orders with or without penalties, civil referrals to attorneys general or to the U.S. 

Department of Justice, filing criminal charges, and other sanctions. The timetable establishes when a 

PWS must have taken all corrective actions needed to return to compliance. This may be years, 

16
particularly when new construction and/or equipment are needed to return a PWS to compliance. If there 

is risk to public health, EPA can issue emergency orders in accordance with the authority under Section 

1431 of the SDWA that require the PWS to immediately take action to protect public health and return the 

system to compliance. In 2011, EPA and the Navajo Nation took 44 enforcement actions in Indian 

country9

.

Prioritization of PWSs for Enforcement

Beginning in 2010, EPA and the Navajo Nation began implementing the revised ERP in Indian country, 

which changed the prioritization process to one that is more protective of public health. The policy also 

lays out expectations for timely and appropriate enforcement response. All unresolved violations at each 

PWS are considered in the prioritization process. Acute health-based violations are weighted most heavily 

in the prioritization. All PWSs are ranked according to the severity of their unresolved violations. This 

ranking allows primacy agencies to distinguish the PWSs with the most serious noncompliance and to 

allocate enforcement resources accordingly. The ERP can be found on EPA’s website at 

http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/drinking_water_erp_2009.pdf. 

About 19 percent (185) of all PWSs in Indian country were priorities for enforcement at least once during 

2011. This is down from 24 percent in 2010. Approximately 10-14 percent of all systems in Indian 

country were priorities for enforcement in any given quarter. These rates are more than twice those at 

PWSs in the U.S. as a whole. 

It is important to note that the number of enforcement actions in a year does not necessarily correlate with 

the violations that are reported in the same year. Most violations are resolved without the need for 

enforcement action of any kind. Many enforcement actions are initiated against violations that occurred in 

a previous year. One enforcement action may address numerous violations at the same PWS. It is also 

important to note that it may take several years for a PWS to return to full compliance once an 

enforcement action is initiated, such as when new treatment technology must be financed, procured, 

installed and brought online.

Financial Assistance to PWSs in Indian Country

EPA provides financial assistance to tribes to help build water system infrastructure and improve 

compliance with SDWA. 

From the national PWSS program’s allotment for FY2011, EPA set aside $6,709,000 for activities in 

Indian country. These funds are available to support tribes that have received primacy (currently only the 

Navajo Nation), assist tribes with the development of primacy programs and individual components of 

PWSS programs, and support direct implementation activities in Indian country where EPA is the 

primacy agency. These funds are used for activities such as:

 Providing technical assistance to owners and operators of water systems.

 Maintaining compliance data systems.

 Compiling and analyzing compliance information.

 Responding to violations.

 Conducting sanitary surveys.

9 For purposes of this report, enforcement actions include a variety of administrative, civil and criminal actions, and 

other actions that primacy agencies use to address violations.

17

 
EPA distributes funds to improve the infrastructure of PWSs to achieve compliance. Each year, 2 percent

of the appropriation for the national Drinking Water State Revolving Fund program is set aside for 

American Indian communities and Alaska Native Villages. The FY 2011 set-aside totaled $19,261,000. 

These funds are used for:

 Distribution and transmission system improvements.

 Community water system extensions.

 Storage facilities.

 Treatment improvements.

 Construction of new pump houses.

18
Part 3. Conclusions and Recommendations

Compliance and Enforcement at U.S. Public Water Systems

The data reported by primacy agencies indicate that 75 percent of PWSs in the U.S. had no significant 

violation of any type. Conversely, 25 percent of PWSs did have at least one significant violation. That 

rate was less than 26 percent of PWSs in 2010.

The data reported by primacy agencies indicate that 6 percent of PWSs, serving about 18.7 million 

consumers, had violations of health-based standards in 2011. EPA believes that these rates are too high 

and that additional efforts are necessary to improve compliance.

In 2011, about 23,422, or 15 percent, of all PWSs had significant monitoring and reporting violations. 

This was decrease from 16 percent of all PWSs in 2010. Failure to monitor and report prevents PWSs, 

regulators, and consumers from knowing whether drinking water standards are being met.

EPA prioritized PWSs for enforcement based upon the revised Enforcement Response Policy (ERP). 

From 2010 to 2011 the percentage of PWSs classified as priorities for enforcement decreased from 9 

percent in 2010 to 5 percent in 2011.

Compliance and Enforcement at Public Water Systems in Indian Country 

In 2011, primacy agencies reported that 42 percent of PWSs (418 systems) in Indian country had a 

significant violation of some type. This rate has generally been declining since 2007, ranging from 63-42 

percent. 

EPA regions and the Navajo Nation reported that 11 percent of the PWSs in Indian country had healthbased violations and 34 percent had significant monitoring and reporting violations in 2011. This is of 

concern because if a system does not monitor and report on the quality of its water, it is impossible to 

know if health-based standards are being met. EPA is working to address these rates through effectively 

implementing the 2009 ERP and OECA’s Guidance on the Enforcement Principles Outlined in the 1984 

Indian Policy. Consultation with tribes, civil inspections and enforcement activity should help to ensure 

the same degree of protection of human health and environmental protection in Indian country as 

elsewhere in the U.S. About 19 percent of all PWSs in Indian country were priorities for enforcement at 

least once during 2011. Approximately 10-14 percent of all systems in Indian country were priorities for 

enforcement in any given quarter. While improving, these rates are still too high. EPA will continue to 

make improving PWS compliance in Indian country a high priority.

Conclusions

The rates at which significant violations occur, according to data provided by primacy agencies, have 

shown a decrease from 2010 and generally over the five years for which trends were calculated. However, 

EPA considers these rates to be too high, and that further actions are necessary to improve 

noncompliance. 

Since implementing the revised ERP in 2010, the number of PWSs that are priorities for enforcement 

decreased from 9 percent to 5 percent of all PWSs. This decrease reflects efforts on the part of EPA and 

states to provide assistance and other informal means to prevent noncompliance, address violations in a 

timely manner, and return violating PWSs to compliance as expeditiously as possible. Nevertheless, EPA 

19
believes that violation rates are still too high and that additional efforts are necessary to improve 

compliance.

EPA recognizes that there are higher rates of significance noncompliance in drinking water systems in 

Indian country than those outside of Indian country. EPA is increasing its efforts to prevent and address 

noncompliance in Indian country in an effort to reduce the disparity. 

Compliance statistics are based on violations reported by primacy agencies to SDWIS/FED. EPA is aware 

of inaccuracies and underreporting of some data in this system. EPA is working with primacy agencies 

and internally to improve the quality of the data.

Recommendations

1. Continue to Improve Compliance 

States, territories, Navajo Nation, and EPA should continue working together and with the regulated 

entities to return violating systems to compliance, as efficiently and effectively as possible. Pursuing the 

more holistic, systems-based approach to addressing noncompliance in all primacy agencies is an 

important element of improving performance among PWSs.

2. Improve Data Quality

Data completeness and accuracy must remain a high priority for EPA and the primacy agencies. Without 

high quality data from primacy agencies, EPA cannot fulfill its responsibility to fully assess the state of 

compliance of the nation’s PWSs and to communicate to the public, Congress and other oversight bodies. 

Some of the next steps EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders have agreed to undertake include:

 Providing online error reporting on EPA’s ECHO (Enforcement and Compliance History Online, 

http://www.epa-echo.gov/echo/) website containing data on PWS compliance.

 Encouraging states to issue annual reminders to water systems of their compliance monitoring 

schedules.

 Negotiating grant conditions with several states to encourage them to follow quality assurance/quality 

control plans for drinking water violation data reported to EPA and address the differences in 

interpretation of the regulation.

 Working with all states to implement the EPA Order CIO 2105.0 dealing with requirements for 

quality management systems.

3. Continue to Implement the 2009 Enforcement Response Policy

Primacy agencies will continue to pursue enforcement actions against violating PWSs - including those in 

Indian country - both to expeditiously return violations to compliance and to deter future violations. EPA 

and primacy agencies will continue to implement the 2009 ERP, which has already decreased the number 

of PWSs in significant noncompliance. 

EPA will continue to work with primacy agencies as they implement the ERP by providing training and 

support as needed.

20
4. Continue to Develop Capacity at Smaller Public Water Systems

EPA will continue its efforts to support PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer consumers through the capacity 

development program. Recognizing the challenges facing these drinking water systems, EPA provides 

tools and assistance to develop system capacity (the technical, financial and managerial capacity of a 

system to provide safe drinking water). The program also provides information about treatment 

technology options for small systems. EPA’s capacity development efforts include:

 Numerous assistance activities, such as on-site visits and the distribution of easy-to-read guides and 

checklists.

 The Local Government Environmental Assistance Network (LGEAN) website, a source of free 

information on current and developing SDWA requirements (as well as technical assistance, peer 

counseling, and financial guidance). LGEAN can be accessed on the internet at www.lgean.org or by 

calling toll-free 1-877-TO-LGEAN (865-4326). 

 The Financing for Environmental Compliance website providing financial and technical assistance 

resources to help communities create a plan to finance environmental capital assets. The website can 

be accessed at: http://www.epa.gov/compliance/assistance/financing/steps.

 Tools and resources assisting small PWSs with implementing drinking water regulations and 

managing their PWSs while providing adequate public health protection can be accessed at 

http://water.epa.gov/type/drink/pws/smallsystems/index.cfm.

5. Continue to Increase Transparency of Data

EPA believes that raising the public’s awareness of the violations at PWSs will encourage PWSs to 

improve their compliance. In addition to the information in this report, data on the numbers and types of 

PWSs, populations served, source water, violations, enforcement actions and more are presented in 

various other formats on EPA’s public website at the following URLs:

http://water.epa.gov/scitech/datait/databases/drink/sdwisfed/howtoaccessdata.cfm

http://www.epa.gov/enviro/

http://www.epa-otis.gov/echo/compliance_report_sdwa.html

Readers should be aware that data in these reports and others using SDWIS data may differ somewhat, 

depending on the specific queries used to generate each report.

21
Appendix A

Glossary of Terms

Administrative Order

Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a state requiring action to address noncompliance at a 

public water system, usually by means of a compliance schedule with enforceable milestone dates.

Chemical Rules

Refers collectively to regulations that protect the public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals, 

inorganic chemicals (including lead and copper), and radioactivity in drinking water.

Community Water System

A PWS that serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 

25 year-round residents (e.g., homes, apartments and condominiums that are occupied year-round as 

primary residences).

Consumer Confidence Rule (CCR)

Requires community water systems to prepare and provide to their consumers annual consumer 

confidence reports on the quality of the water delivered by the systems.

Disinfectant/Disinfection By-Product Rule (DBPR)

Applies to community water systems and nontransient non-community systems, including those serving 

fewer than 10,000 people, that add a disinfectant to the drinking water during any part of the treatment 

process. The Stage 1 DBPR specifically addresses risks associated with disinfectants and disinfection 

byproducts. This rule was published concurrently with the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment 

Rule (IESWTR), which addresses control of microbial pathogens.

Enforcement Response Policy (ERP)

On December 8, 2009, EPA issued the Public Water System Supervision Program Enforcement Response 

Policy (ERP), which establishes a water system-based approach to defining, prioritizing, and addressing 

noncompliance with federal requirements. The ERP can be found on EPA’s website at 

http://www.epa.gov/enforcement/water/documents/policies/drinking_water_erp_2009.pdf

Federally-recognized Indian Tribe

An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, community, or Alaska Native Village that the Secretary of the 

Interior acknowledges to exist as an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List 

Act of 1994, 25 U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the Department of the Interior, the list of federallyrecognized tribes is updated periodically and published in the Federal Register. The latest list of federallyrecognized Indian tribes is available at 75 Federal Register (FR) 60810 (October 1, 2010).

Filter Backwash Recycle Rule (FBRR)

The FBRR requires PWSs that recycle to return specific recycle flows through all processes of the 

system’s existing conventional or direct filtration systems or at an alternative location approved by the 

state.

A-1
Ground Water Rule (GWR)

The GWR establishes a risk-targeted approach to identify Ground Water Systems (GWSs) susceptible to 

fecal contamination and requires corrective action to correct significant deficiencies and source water 

fecal contamination in public GWSs.

Health-based Violation

A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant Level, Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level, or a 

Treatment Technique requirement.

Indian Country

Indian Country means a) all land within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the 

United States Government, notwithstanding the issuance of any patent, and, including rights-of-way 

running through the reservation, (b) all dependent Indian communities within the borders of the United 

States whether within the original or subsequently acquired territory thereof, and whether within or

without the limits of a state, and (c) all Indian allotments, the Indian titles to which have not been 

extinguished, including rights-of-way running through the same.

Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR)

Applies to PWSs using surface water, or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water, that 

serve more than 10,000 persons. The rule also includes provisions for states to conduct sanitary surveys 

for surface water PWSs regardless of system size.

Large System

Large systems are those public water systems that serve more than 10,000 people. For purposes of this 

report, medium systems, which serve 3,301 to 10,000 people, are included in the discussions of large 

systems.

Lead and Copper Rule (LCR)

Requires a PWS to take steps to minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper in drinking water by 

monitoring for these contaminants, installing corrosion control where required, and, where necessary, 

educating the public about ways to reduce exposure. A system may also be required to treat its source 

water or replace lead service lines.

Maximum Contaminant Level

The maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water delivered to any user of a public water system.

Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level

The maximum permissible level of a residual disinfectant in water delivered to any user of a public water 

system.

Medium System

Medium systems are those public water systems that serve 3,301 to 10,000 people. For purposes of this 

report, medium systems are included in the discussion of large systems.

Monitoring and Reporting Violation

Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and reporting schedule or violation of contaminant-specific 

minimum testing schedules and operational reporting requirements. Those monitoring and reporting 

violations considered “significant” for the purposes of the state and national PWS compliance reports are 

described below in Table A–1.

A-2
Non-transient Non-community Water System

A non-community PWS that regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons over six months per year. A 

typical example of a non-transient non-community water system is a school or an office building that has 

its own water source, such as a drinking water well.

Primacy

The SDWA requires EPA, states, and tribes to work as partners to ensure delivery of safe drinking water 

to the public. Any state or Indian Tribe can request responsibility for operation and oversight of the 

drinking water program within its borders. In order to receive this responsibility (called “primary 

enforcement authority” or “primacy”), a state or Tribe must show that, among other things, it has adopted 

drinking water regulations that are at least as stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrated its 

capacity both to enforce those regulations and to implement other activities necessary to ensure 

compliance.

In the absence of state or Tribal primacy, EPA assumes responsibility for administering the drinking 

water program for that area. Of the 56 eligible States (defined to include Commonwealths, Territories, 

and the District of Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of Columbia have primacy. During 

calendar year 2011, the EPA Regional Offices administered the drinking water program within these two 

jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands, except for the Navajo Nation.

Public Notice (PN) Rule

The PN Rule requires all PWSs to notify their consumers any time a PWS violated a national primary 

drinking water regulation or has a situation posing a risk to public health. Notices must be provided to 

persons served (not just billing consumers).

Public Water System (PWS)

A system for the provision to the public of water for human consumption through pipes or other 

constructed conveyances, if such system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves at least 25 

individuals at least 60 days out of the year. A public water system can be either a community water 

system, a non-transient non-community water system, or a transient non-community water system.

Radionuclides

Radioactive particles, such as radium-226, radium-228, gross alpha, and beta particle/photon 

radioactivity, can occur naturally in water or may result from human activity. EPA has established MCLs 

for uranium, beta/photon emitters, alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228.

Significant Noncompliance

Violating PWSs identified as those that are the highest priority for enforcement. All unresolved 

violations not already under formal enforcement at each system are considered in the prioritization 

process. Acute health-based violations are weighted most heavily in the prioritization with minor 

violations weighted least. 

Significant Violations

Significant violations include all violations of health-based standards, including exceedances of 

Maximum Contaminant Limits (MCLs), Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL), and violations 

of treatment technique rules; certain notification violations (i.e., complete failure to provide required 

notification); and major monitoring and reporting violations (failure to sample or to report results during a 

compliance period).

A-3
Small PWSs

Small systems, for purposes of this report, are those that serve no more than 3,300 people.

Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)

The Surface Water Treatment Rule requires a public water system served by surface water or by 

groundwater under the influence of surface water to take steps (such as disinfection, filtration followed by 

disinfection, or watershed control) to reduce potential exposure to microbiological contamination.

Total Coliform Rule (TCR)

The Total Coliform Rule establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water distribution systems. Although 

coliform bacteria, which are found in decaying organic material and in the intestinal tract of humans and 

animals, are usually not harmful to human health, their presence may indicate the presence of other, more 

dangerous microbial contamination.

Transient Non-community Water System

A non-community water system that does not regularly serve at least 25 people of the same persons over 

six months per year (Note – see 40 CFR 141.2). A typical example is a campground or a highway rest 

stop that has its own water source, such as a drinking water well.

Treatment Technique

In cases where EPA has determined it is not technically or economically feasible to establish an MCL, the 

Agency can instead specify a treatment technique. These are treatment methods required by EPA to 

minimize the level of a contaminant in drinking water.

Variances and Exemptions

A public water system that cannot comply with a drinking water standard because of poor source water 

quality, or, in the case of small PWSs, inadequate financial resources, can be granted a variance to 

comply with less stringent, but still protective standards based on a specific EPA-approved technology 

available to the system. An exemption allows a PWS with compelling circumstances (including economic 

considerations) additional time to achieve compliance with applicable SDWA requirements, so long as 

public health is adequately protected.

A-4
TABLE A-1: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING AND REPORTING VIOLATIONS FOR 

ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM REPORTS

Rule Violation Type Description

SDWIS 

Violation 

Code1

SDWIS 

Contaminant 

Code

Total Coliform Rule

Major routine No samples collected during a compliance 

period. 23 3100

Major repeat No follow-up samples collected after a positive 

total coliform sample or no speciation. 25 3100

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule

Major (filtered) Collected less than 90 percent of samples 

required during a compliance period. 36 200

Major (unfiltered) Collected less than 90 percent of samples 

required during a compliance period. 31 200

Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule/ 

Long Term 1

Major

Failure to produce and/or report to state 

individual filter profile within 7 days of 

exceedance (>0.5 NTU in 2 consecutive 

measurements taken 15 minutes apart).

29

300

Major

Failure to produce and/or report to state 

individual filter profile within 7 days of 

exceedance (>1.0 NTU in 2 consecutive 

measurements taken 15 minutes apart).

Major

Failure to conduct and/or report to state a selfassessment of an individual filter within 14 days 

of exceedance (>1.0 NTU in 2 consecutive 

measurements taken 15 minutes apart in each of 

3 consecutive months).

Major

Failure to have a CPE conducted by state or third 

party no later than 30 days after exceedance 

(>2.0 NTU in 2 consecutive measurements taken 

15 minutes apart in 2 consecutive months) and 

have the CPE completed and submitted to the 

state no later than 90 days following the 

exceedance.

Major Failure to collect and report at least 90 percent of 

required samples.

38

Major

Failure to report that the system has conducted 

all individual filter monitoring to the state within 

10 days after the end of each month.

Major

Failure to report that the system has exceeded 1.0 

NTU (or maximum set by state) in representative 

samples by end of next business day.

N/A Failure to maintain the results of individual filter 

monitoring for at least 3 years. 9

Lead and 

Copper Rule

Initial lead and 

copper tap

Either failed to collect the initial tap samples, 

and then failed to correct that omission within a) 

3 months for large systems, b) 6 months for 

medium systems or c) 12 months for small

systems; or failed to submit the associated report.

51 5000

Follow-up or routine 

lead and copper tap Failure to collect 1 or more required samples. 52 5000

A-5
TABLE A-1: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING AND REPORTING VIOLATIONS FOR 

ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM REPORTS

Rule Violation Type Description

SDWIS 

Violation 

Code1

SDWIS 

Contaminant 

Code

Stage 1 Disinfection 

Byproducts Regular monitoring Failure to collect any required samples2

. 27, 30, 35 By contaminant

Ground Water Rule Monitoring Monitoring of Treatment (unfiltered/GWR) 31

C

h

e

m

Phase I, II, IIB and 

V Rules Regular monitoring Failure to collect any required samples2

. 03, 04 By contaminant

Radionuclides Regular monitoring Failure to collect any required samples2. 03, 04

4000, 4100, 

4010, 4006, 

4101, 4102, 4174

1

2

EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting violations

associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code.

Failure to collect “any required sample” means none of the required samples were collected.

A-6
TABLE A-2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR 

PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 2011

Applicability of Regulations

Contaminant/Rule Community Water Systems Non-Transient NonCommunity Water Systems

Transient Non-Community 

Water Systems

Organic Contaminants All

All (Note: acrylamide and 

epichlorohydrin do not have 

MCLs and only have treatment 

techniques)

None

Total Trihalomethanes 

Contaminants (TTHM)

All PWSs, using surface water or 

ground water under the direct 

influence of surface water 

(GWUDI), which disinfect their 

water (a.k.a. Subpart H systems)

All PWSs, using surface water 

or GWUDI, which disinfect 

their water (a.k.a. Subpart H 

systems) 

All PWSs, using surface water 

or GWUDI, which disinfect 

their water (a.k.a. Subpart H 

systems)

Inorganic Contaminants 

(IOCs) All

Prior to the 2001 Arsenic Rule, 

all IOCs except for arsenic. 

After the 2001 Arsenic Rule all 

IOCs.

None

Nitrate and Nitrite 

Contaminants All All All

Radionuclide Contaminants All None None

Total Coliform Rule All All All

Surface Water Treatment

Some 

Only PWSs using surface water or 

GWUDI

Some 

Only PWSs using surface water 

or GWUDI

Some 

Only PWSs using surface water 

or GWUDI

Lead and Copper Rule All All None

Interim Enhanced Surface 

Water Treatment Rule

For sanitary surveys all PWSs 

using surface water or GWUDI; 

for other requirements those 

systems serving 10,000 or more 

people

For sanitary surveys all PWSs 

using surface water or GWUDI; 

for other requirements those 

systems serving 10,000 or more 

people

For sanitary surveys all PWSs 

using surface water or GWUDI; 

for other requirements those 

systems serving 10,000 or more 

people

Stage 1 

Disinfectant/Disinfection ByProduct Rule

All PWSs adding a disinfectant to 

the drinking water

All PWSs adding disinfectant to 

the drinking water

Those PWSs using chlorine 

dioxide 

Filter Backwash Recycling 

Rule

Conventional or direct filtration 

PWSs using surface water or 

GWUDI and recycle spent filter 

backwash, thickener supernatant, 

or liquids from dewatering 

processes

Conventional or direct filtration 

PWSs using surface water or 

GWUDI and recycle spent filter 

backwash, thickener 

supernatant, or liquids from 

dewatering processes

Conventional or direct filtration 

PWSs using surface water or 

GWUDI and recycle spent filter 

backwash, thickener 

supernatant, or liquids from 

dewatering processes

Ground Water Rule

All PWSs that use ground water, 

including consecutive systems, 

except that it does not apply to 

PWS that combine all of their 

ground water with surface water or 

with ground water under the direct 

influence of surface water prior to 

treatment.

All PWSs that use ground water, 

including consecutive systems, 

except that it does not apply to 

PWS that combine all of their 

ground water with surface water 

or with ground water under the 

direct influence of surface water 

prior to treatment.

All PWSs that use ground 

water, including consecutive 

systems, except that it does not 

apply to PWS that combine all 

of their ground water with 

surface water or with ground 

water under the direct influence 

of surface water prior to 

treatment.

Public Notification All All All

Consumer Confidence Rule All None None

A-7
Appendix B 

Summaries of State Annual

Compliance Reports

This Appendix presents a summary of each primacy agency report in a standardized format. The format includes an 

overall summary of the violations data specified in Section 1414 of the 1996 SDWA Amendments (i.e., violations 

with respect to MCLs, TT violations, significant monitoring and reporting requirements, significant notification 

violations and variances and exemptions).

This Appendix does not interpret the state reports. Therefore, other factors must be taken into account before drawing 

conclusions about a program. For example, PWSs are required to report all violations to the primacy agency, but 

drinking water programs vary in the regulations they choose to emphasize. A primacy agency that decided to focus 

attention and resources on one particular rule may have discovered and reported many more violations of that rule 

than a primacy agency that chose to focus on a different rule. A disproportionate number of violations in a state, 

Commonwealth, Territory, or tribe could also indicate that the primacy agency needs to work with its PWSs to 

improve their compliance. Readers are cautioned to view the violations data provided in the summaries within the 

context of each primacy agency and its individual drinking water program.

In 2011, EPA received Public Water System Compliance Reports from 43 of the 55 primacy states, Commonwealths, 

Territories and tribes. As in past years, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Navajo Nation did 

not submit reports and, with limited exceptions, did not supply information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did not receive 

reports from 14 primacy agencies as indicated in Table B-1. Appendix B supplies what information is available in 

SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at public water systems in the states, Commonwealths, Territories and tribes that 

did not submit compliance reports in 2011.

EPA prepared reports for the District of Columbia and Wyoming, which did not have primary enforcement 

responsibility for drinking water in calendar year 2011.

Violations for 2011

EPA summarizes the number of MCL, MDRL, TT and significant monitoring and reporting violations10 reported by 

each state in six categories:

• Violations of chemical contaminant requirements11;

• Violations of the Total Coliform Rule;

• Violations of the Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, Long Term 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule;

• Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule;

• Consumer Confidence Rule Violations; and

• Violations of the Disinfection/Disinfectant Byproducts Rule.

EPA summarizes the numbers of individual public water systems in violation in each of these six categories, as 

reported by the state. If a state’s report did not include information in a category, EPA’s summary notes the omission.

10 A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations appears in Appendix A.

11 MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and radionuclide contaminants. 

B-1

 
2011 Totals

EPA also summarizes the total number of systems in each state, the total number of significant violations reported and 

the total number of PWSs in violation, if the state reported this information. When states did not provide information 

on the total number of public water systems, EPA supplied that information from the SDWIS/FED.

Systems in Violation

Systems in Violation is defined as the number of different systems with a reported violation of this type. Some states 

counted a system with multiple violations or violations in more than one category as one violating system. Other states 

counted a violating system each time it had a violation, or once for each of the regulatory categories in which it had a 

violation. If EPA’s review of a state’s report indicated some violating systems were counted more than once, an 

asterisk notes that the state’s number possibly over counts violating systems.

Variances and Exemptions

Thirteen violations of variances or exemptions were reported by the primacy agencies during 2011. 

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual Public Water Systems Report

If a primacy agency’s report includes information on how to obtain a copy of the report, the information is provided 

on the primacy agency’s summary page in this Appendix.

B-2
Table B-1: Summary of Elements Reported in the 2011 State Reports

State

Submitted 

Report

Violation Categories

Reported 

on V/E

Provided 

Inventory 

Information

Identified 

Size and 

Type of 

Violating 

Systems

Discussed 

Compliance 

and 

Enforcement 

Responses

Identified 

Each System 

with MCL 

and TT 

Violations

Provided 

Information 

to Public 

on 

Availability

Provided 

Additional 

Information CCR MCL M/R 1 TT

Alabama DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

Alaska X X X X X X X X X X X X

American 

Samoa DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

Arizona DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

Arkansas X X X X X X X X X X X X

California DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

Colorado X X X X X X X X X X

Connecticut X X X X X X X X X X X X

Delaware X X X X X X X X X X X

District of 

Columbia X X X X X X X X X X X X

Florida X X X X X X X X X

Georgia X X X X X X X X X

Guam DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

Hawaii X X X X X X X X X X

Idaho X X X X X

Illinois X X X X X X X X X X X

Indiana X X X X X X X X X X X X

Iowa X X X X X X X X X X X X

Kansas X X X X X X X X X X X

Kentucky X X X X X X X X X X X

Louisiana X X X X X X X

Maine X X X X X X X X

Maryland X X X X X X X X X X X X

Massachusetts X X X X X X X X X X X

Michigan X X X X X X X X X X X

Minnesota X X X X X X X X X X X

Mississippi X X X X X

Missouri X X X X X X X X X X

Montana X X X X X X X

Navajo Nation DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

Nebraska X X X X X X X X X X X

Nevada X X X X X X X X X X

New Hampshire X X X X X X X X X X X X

New Jersey X X X X X X X X X X

New Mexico DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

New York X X X X X X X X X

North Carolina DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

North Dakota X X X X X X X X X

Northern 

Mariana Islands DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

Ohio X X X X X X X X

Oklahoma X X X X X X X X X X

Oregon X X X X X X X X X

Pennsylvania X X X X X X X X X X X X

Puerto Rico X X X X X X X X X X

Rhode Island X X X X X X X X X X

South Carolina DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

B-3
Table B-1: Summary of Elements Reported in the 2011 State Reports

State

Submitted 

Report

Violation Categories

Reported 

on V/E

Provided 

Inventory 

Information

Identified 

Size and 

Type of 

Violating 

Systems

Discussed 

Compliance 

and 

Enforcement 

Responses

Identified 

Each System 

with MCL 

and TT 

Violations

Provided 

Information 

to Public 

on 

Availability

Provided 

Additional 

Information CCR MCL M/R 1 TT

South Dakota X X X X X X X X X

Tennessee DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

Texas DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

Utah DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

Vermont X X X X X X X X X X X X

Virgin Islands DID NOT SUBMIT REPORT.

Virginia X X X X X X X X X X X

Washington X X X X X X X X X X X X

West Virginia X X X X X X X X X X

Wisconsin X X X X X X X X X

Wyoming X X X X X X X X X X

1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.

B-4
Table B-2: Summary of the Total Number of Regulated Systems, Systems with Significant

Violations and Significant Violations Reported in the 2011 State Reports or SDWIS/FED

State

Total 

Number of 

Regulated 

Systems

Total Number of 

Systems with 

Significant 

Violations

Total 

Number of 

Significant 

Violations State

Total 

Number of 

Regulated 

Systems

Total Number of 

Systems with 

Significant 

Violations

Total 

Number of 

Significant 

Violations

Alabama 609 60 102 Navajo Nation 162 75 257

Alaska 1,538 747 4,573* Nebraska 1,325 315 556*

American Samoa 19 13 153 Nevada 557 99 412

Arizona 1,555 625 1,453 New Hampshire 2,426 NR 1,273

Arkansas 1,122 338 837 New Jersey 3,870 NR 1,787

California 7,760 1,454 2,753 New Mexico 1,172 493 1,063

Colorado 2,042 NR 2,671 New York 8,883 3,601 6,597

Connecticut 2,569 631** 2,711 North Carolina 6,043 1,633 3,148

Delaware 495 63 175 North Dakota 553 106 221

District of Columbia 6 3 6 Northern Mariana Islands 73 19 424

Florida 5,532 782 1,856* Ohio NR NR 2,380

Georgia NR NR 1,305 Oklahoma 1,668 616 2,051

Guam 9 3 11 Oregon NR 1,122 3,608

Hawaii 130 5 10 Pennsylvania 9,040 3,012 19,578*

Idaho NR 608 1,041 Puerto Rico 485 NR 1,981

Illinois 5,720 411 4,467 Rhode Island 487 110 184

Indiana 4,159 1,264 2,123* South Carolina 1,436 108 213

Iowa 1,931 NR 797 South Dakota 647 158 818*

Kansas 1,021 339 342 Tennessee 893 166 288

Kentucky 461 129 376 Texas 6,961 2,471 4,567

Louisiana 1,385 342 791* Utah 1,015 512 1,858

Maine 1,860 726 1,551 Vermont 1,353 NR 586

Maryland 3,531 NR 1,441 Virgin Islands 298 176 373

Massachusetts NR 360 1,254 Virginia 2,830 715 1,828

Michigan 11,150 1,158 2,047* Washington 4,111 816 2,577

Minnesota 7,042 NR 443 West Virginia 1,025 608 1,952

Mississippi NR 1,026 7,215 Wisconsin 11,439 NR 1,805

Missouri 2,780 NR 1,637 Wyoming 797 178 276

Montana NR 683 1,563

*The total number of violations in the report differs from the calculated total.

** Possible over counting of violating systems.

B-5
State Report Summaries

Contents

Alabama .........................................................B-7

Alaska ................................................................................. B-8

American Samoa................................................................. B-9

Arizona ..............................................................................B-10

Arkansas ............................................................................B-11

California...........................................................................B-12

Colorado ...........................................................................B-13

Connecticut .......................................................................B-14

Delaware ...........................................................................B-15

District of Columbia .........................................................B-16

Florida ...............................................................................B-17

Georgia .............................................................................B-18

Guam ................................................................................B-19

Hawaii ...............................................................................B-20

Idaho .................................................................................B-21

Illinois ...............................................................................B-22

Indiana ..............................................................................B-23

Iowa ..................................................................................B-24

Kansas ...............................................................................B-25

Kentucky ...........................................................................B-26

Louisiana ..........................................................................B-27

Maine ............................................................................... B-28

Maryland ...........................................................................B-29

Massachusetts ...................................................................B-30

Michigan ...........................................................................B-31

Minnesota .........................................................................B-32

Mississippi ........................................................................B-33

Missouri ............................................................................B-34

Montana ............................................................................B-35

 

Navajo Nation .................................................................. B-36

Nebraska .......................................................................... B-37

Nevada ............................................................................. B-38

New Hampshire ............................................................... B-39

New Jersey ....................................................................... B-40

New Mexico ..................................................................... B-41

New York ......................................................................... B-42

North Carolina ................................................................. B-43

North Dakota .................................................................... B-44

Northern Mariana Islands ................................................. B-45

Ohio ................................................................................. B-46

Oklahoma ......................................................................... B-47

Oregon ............................................................................. B-48

Pennsylvania .................................................................... B-49

Puerto Rico ...................................................................... B-50

Rhode Island .................................................................... B-51

South Carolina ................................................................. B-52

South Dakota .................................................................... B-53

Tennessee ......................................................................... B-54

Texas ................................................................................ B-55

Utah .................................................................................. B-56

Vermont ........................................................................... B-57

Virgin Islands ................................................................... B-58

Virginia ............................................................................ B-59

Washington ...................................................................... B-60

West Virginia ................................................................... B-61

Wisconsin ......................................................................... B-62

Wyoming .......................................................................... B-63

B-6
State of Alabama 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 2 2* 57 16

Total Coliform Rule 9 9 13 12

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 8 8

Consumer Confidence Report 2 2

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 3 2 0 0 7 6

Ground Water Rule 0 0 1 1

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

609

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

60

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

102

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

B-7
State of Alaska 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 35 16 2,597 203

Total Coliform Rule 44 35 830 469

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

83 48 255 80

Lead and Copper Rule 12 11 284 177

Consumer Confidence Report 75 67

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 90 26 4 2 264 126

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

2011

Total Number of

1,538 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

747

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

4573* Violations

*The total number of violations in the report (4,578) differs from the calculated total (4,573) because of the inclusion of the 5 public notification violations.

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Alaska’s 2011 State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by requesting a full electronic or paper copy from the DEC Drinking Water 

Program:

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation

Division of Environmental Health

Drinking Water Program

555 Cordova Street

Anchorage, AK 99501-2617

Contact Name: Jeanine Oakland

Telephone: (907) 269-2007

Facsimile: (907) 269-7650

Email: jeanine.oakland@alaska.gov

Contact Name: Kelly Cobbs

Telephone: (907) 269-7630

Facsimile: (907) 269-7655

Email: kelly.cobbs@alaska.gov

Web site: http://www.dec.alaska.gov/eh/dw/index.htm

B-8
State of American Samoa 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 7 6

Total Coliform Rule 63 9 7 3

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

62 5 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 5 5

Consumer Confidence Report 5 5

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ground Water Rule 4 2 0 0

2011

Total Number of

19

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

13

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

153

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

B-9
State of Arizona 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 147 65* 195 93*

Total Coliform Rule 72 65 659 357

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 268 197

Consumer Confidence Report 102 61

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ground Water Rule 0 0 9 9

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

1,555 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

625

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,453 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

B-10
State of Arkansas 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 27 10 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 210 182 408 296

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

29 12 23 12

Lead and Copper Rule 3 3 46 31

Consumer Confidence Report 33 33

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 31 18 5 5 15 15

Ground Water Rule 7 7 0 0

2011

Total Number of

1,122 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

338

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

837

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Arkansas’ State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site:

Web site: http://www.healthy.arkansas.gov/programsServices/environmentalHealth/Engineering/Pages/ReportsandForms.aspx

B-11
State of California 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 754 250 71 51

Total Coliform Rule 470 349 433 337

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

99 50 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule 5 4 405 370

Consumer Confidence Report 390 285

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 96 38 7 7 22 15

Ground Water Rule 0 0 0 0

2011

Total Number of

7,760 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

1,454 Systems in Violation

Total Number of

2,753 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

B-12
State of Colorado 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 409 55* 1,420 166*

Total Coliform Rule 51 45 314 224

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

35 18 37 24

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 75 63

Consumer Confidence Report 82 79

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 122 23 6 2 94 74

Ground Water Rule 5 5 21 18

*Possible over counting of violating systems. 

2011

Total Number of

2,042 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

NR

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

2,671 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Colorado’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

Water Quality Control Division

Attention: Annual Compliance Report

CADM-B2

4300 Cherry Creek Drive South

Denver, CO 80246

Sharon I. Williams

Safe Drinking Water Compliance Assurance Unit

Telephone: (303) 692-3635

Email: Sharon.I.Williams@state.co.us

Web site: http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/drinkingwater

B-13
State of Connecticut 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 36 16 1,742 127

Total Coliform Rule 278 202 364 267

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

1 1 3 3

Lead and Copper Rule 5 5 98 94

Consumer Confidence Report 82 68

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 36 28

Ground Water Rule 0 0 66 55

2011

Total Number of

2,569 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

631* Systems in Violation

Total Number of

2,711 Violations

* Possible over counting of violating systems.

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Connecticut’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site and clicking on the "Publications/Reports" button on the left column: 

Web site: http://www.ct.gov/dph/publicdrinkingwater

B-14
State of Delaware 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 21 12 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 61 40 0 0

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 11 9 38 29

Consumer Confidence Report 39 16

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 5 2 NR NR 0 0

Ground Water Rule NR NR 0 0

State report gives different counts in several tables, counts from the tables that list the systems in violation are shown here. 

2011

Total Number of

495

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

63

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

175

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Delaware’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

Office of Drinking Water

Division of Public Health

43 S. DuPont Hwy.

Dover, DE 19901

Telephone: (302) 741-8630

Fax: (302) 741-8631

Web site: http://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dph/hsp/odw.html

B-15
District of Columbia 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 1 1

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

1 1 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0

Consumer Confidence Report 3 3

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ground Water Rule 1 1 0 0

2011

Total Number of

6

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

3

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

6

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

District of Columbia's State Report is available by contacting:

Wendy Gray, P.E.

Acting District of Columbia PWSS Direct Implementation Team Leader

U.S. EPA Region III

Drinking Water Branch

Mail Code: 3WP21

1650 Arch Street

Philadelphia, PA 19103

Telephone: (215) 814-2320

Fax: (215) 814-2302

E-mail: gray.wendy@epa.gov

Web site: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinking/dc.htm

B-16
State of Florida 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 50 24 734 154

Total Coliform Rule 152 134 384 293

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

6 1 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 3 2 41 37

Consumer Confidence Report 18 18

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 216 63 0 0 198 81

Ground Water Rule 0 0 54 51

2011

Total Number of

5,532 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

782

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,856* 

Violations

*The total number of violations in the report (1,869) differs from the calculated total (1,856) because of the inclusion of the 13 public notification violations.

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Florida’s State Report is available by accessing the state's website or by writing to:

Attn: Drinking Water Program

2600 Blair Stone Road, MS 3520

Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400

Web site: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/drinkingwater

B-17
State of Georgia 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 51 12* 1 1

Total Coliform Rule 41 37 264 187

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 281 222

Consumer Confidence Report 641 539

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 1 1 13 12 10 10

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

*Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

NR

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

NR

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,305 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Georgia’s State Report is available by accessing the state's website:

Department of Natural Resources

Environmental Protection Division

Drinking Water Program

2 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive, Suite 1362 East

Atlanta, GA 30334

Attention: James Stapel

Telephone: (404) 651-5158

Email: james.stapel@dnr.state.ga.us

Web site: http://www.gaepd.org

B-18
Guam 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 3 3 0 0

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

1 1 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 1 1

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 6 1 0 0 0 0

Ground Water Rule 0 0 0 0

2011

Total Number of

9

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

3

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

11

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

B-19
State of Hawaii 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 3 3 0 0

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 0 0

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ground Water Rule 6 1 0 0

2011

Total Number of

130

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

5

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

10

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Hawaii’s State Report is available by accessing the state's website or by contacting:

Hawaii Department of Health

Environmental Management Division

Safe Drinking Water Branch

919 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 308

Honolulu, HI 96814-4920

Attention: Joanna L. Seto, P.E., Environmental Program Manager

Telephone: (808) 586-4258

Fax: (808) 586-4351

E-mail: sdwb@doh.hawaii.gov

Web site: http://Hawaii.gov/health/environmental/sdwb/index.html

B-20
State of Idaho 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 107 35 247 114

Total Coliform Rule 178 133 297 238

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

22 10 34 12

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 85 73

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 8 2 0 0 62 42

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

2011

Total Number of

NR

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

608

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,041 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

The 2011 State Report did not provide information regarding public availability.

B-21
State of Illinois 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 129 39* 3,834 149*

Total Coliform Rule 79 77 75 56

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 8 5

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 75 69

Consumer Confidence Report 103 86

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 26 13 7 3 129 90

Ground Water Rule 0 0 2 2

*Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

5,720 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

411

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

4,467 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Illinois’ State Report is available by accessing the state's website or by contacting:

Illinois EPA

Bureau of Water, Compliance Assurance Section

1021 North Grand Avenue East

Springfield, IL 62794

Contact: Mike Crumly

Email: mike.crumly@illinois.gov

Telephone: (217) 785-0561

Fax: (217) 557-1407

Web site: http://www.epa.state.il.us/water/compliance/drinking-water/compliance-report/index.html

B-22
State of Indiana 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 46 32* 614 355*

Total Coliform Rule 314 281 999 773

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 75 60

Consumer Confidence Report 15 9

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 19 6 0 0 40 21

Ground Water Rule 0 0 0 0

*Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

4,159 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

1,264 Systems in Violation

Total Number of

2,123** Violations

**The total number of violations in the report (2,135) differs from the calculated total (2,123) because the calculated total does not include 12 violations 

designated as “Ground Water Rule Other Violations.”

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Indiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Indiana Department of Environmental Management

Office of Water Management 

Drinking Water Branch

Web site: http://www.in.gov/idem/5093.htm

Telephone: (317) 234-7435

B-23
State of Iowa 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 83* 31* 237 103

Total Coliform Rule 143 98 251 148

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

1 1 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 38 17

Consumer Confidence Report 25 25

Disinfection Byproducts Rule** 2 1 3 3 55 43

Ground Water Rule 0 0 42 35

*TTHM and HAA are included in the Chemical Contaminant Group.

2011

Total Number of

1,931 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

NR

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

797

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Iowa's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Iowa Department of Natural Resources-Water Supply

401 SW 7th St., Suite M

Des Moines, IA 50309-4611

Facsimile: (515) 725-0348

B-24
State of Kansas 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 127 49 2 2

Total Coliform Rule 30 29 42 35

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

12 5 2 2

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 15 15

Consumer Confidence Report 32 32

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 61 23 16 5 3 3

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

**State report gives different counts in multiple places, counts from the summary table are shown here. 

2011

Total Number of

1,021 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

339

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

342

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Kansas’ State Report is available by accessing the state’s Web site: 

Web site: http://www.kdheks.gov/pws

B-25
State of Kentucky 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 107 9

Total Coliform Rule 19 18 20 5

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

2 2 21 6

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 39 23

Consumer Confidence Report 52 29

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 69 29 5 4 41 18

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

2011

Total Number of

461

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

129

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

376

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Kentucky's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Natalie Bruner

Telephone: (502) 564-3410 ext. 4987

Web site: http://www.water.ky.gov/DrinkingWater/Pages/AnnualComplianceReports.aspx

B-26
State of Louisiana 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 43 13 NR NR

Total Coliform Rule 85 63 29 26

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule*

5 3 68 5

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 46 46

Consumer Confidence Report 138 138

Disinfection Byproducts Rule* 123 53 25 3 225 205

Ground Water Rule NR NR 4 4

*Some numbers differ between the text and the summary table. Numbers from the table are provided here.

2011

Total Number of

1,385* Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

342*

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

791** Violations

*Numbers differ between the text and the summary table. Numbers from the tables are provided here.

**The total number of violations in the report (1,202 – text; 895 – summary table) differs from the calculated total (791).

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Louisiana’s State Report is available by contacting:

DHH-OPH-Center for Environmental Health – Engineering Services

P.O. Box 4489

Baton Rouge, LA 70821-4489

Telephone: (225) 342-7499

Facsimile: (225) 342-7303

B-27
State of Maine 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 31 13 407 129

Total Coliform Rule 221 155 644 383

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

5 4 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 23 21 149 99

Consumer Confidence Report 33 27

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 24 8 0 0 14 7

Ground Water Rule** NR NR NR* NR*

** Maine's reporting system does not allow for tracking of Groundwater Rule violations. Failure to monitor violations are entered as 

TC Failure to Monitor violations. 

2011

Total Number of

1,860 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

726

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,551 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

The state report did not provide information regarding public availability.

B-28
State of Maryland 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring*

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 60 26 191 97*

Total Coliform Rule 395 313* 353 143

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

6 6* 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 38 38 177 169*

Consumer Confidence Report 109 87

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 51 4 0 0 54 22

Ground Water Rule NR NR 7 7

*Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

3,531 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

NR

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,441 Violations

Where to Obtain 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Maryland’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site:

Web site: http://www.mde.state.md.us

B-29
State of Massachusetts 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 13 8 731 84

Total Coliform Rule 259 167 124 75

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

2 1 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 8 8 65 58

Consumer Confidence Report 30 29

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 9 4 1 1 12 6

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

2011

Total Number of

NR

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

360

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,254 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Massachusetts' 2011 State Report is available by accessing the state's web site:

Web site: http://www.mass.gov/dep/water/drinking.htm

B-30
State of Michigan 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 116 110 698 411

Total Coliform Rule 347 303 761 627

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

1 1 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 86 78

Consumer Confidence Report 2 2

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 5 2 1 1 16 9

Ground Water Rule 3 3 8 8

2011

Total Number of

11,150 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

1,158 Systems in Violation

Total Number of

2,047* Violations

*The total number of violations in the report (2,050) differs from the calculated total (2,047) because of the inclusion of the 3 public notification violations.

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Michigan’s State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Noncommunity Drinking Water Program

Environmental Health Programs Unit

Drinking Water and Environmental Health Section (DWEHS)

Mr. Daniel Dettweiler

Telephone: (517) 241-1373

E-mail: dettweilerd@michigan.gov

Community Drinking Water Unit

Drinking Water and Environmental Health Section (DWEHS)

Ms. Kristen Philip

Telephone: (517) 241-1238

E-mail: philipk@michigan.gov

Web site: http://www.michigan.gov/deq

Click Water, then Drinking Water, then Community Water Supply

B-31
State of Minnesota 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 64 64* 7 7*

Total Coliform Rule 233 231* 53 43

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

10 7* 7 3

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 48 48*

Consumer Confidence Report 4 4

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 1 1 NR NR 16 15*

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

* Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

7,042 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

NR

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

443

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Minnesota's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Minnesota Department of Health

Division of Environmental Health

Drinking Water Protection Section

625 North Robert Street

P.O. Box 64975

St. Paul, MN 55164-0975

Telephone: (651) 201-4700

Web site: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/com/dwar/report11.html

B-32
State of Mississippi 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 6,916 990

Total Coliform Rule 44 44 54 31

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 38 37

Consumer Confidence Report 61 59

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 63 18 0 0 38 29

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

2011

Total Number of

NR

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

1,026 Systems in Violation

Total Number of

7,215 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

The 2011 State Report did not provide information regarding public availability.

B-33
State of Missouri 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 84 19* 10 5

Total Coliform Rule 459 421 766 422

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

6 4 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 17 17

Consumer Confidence Report 78 78

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 51 19 7 6 0 0

Ground Water Rule 25 23 133 117

*Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

2,780 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

NR

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,637 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Missouri’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

Missouri Department of Natural Resources

Water Protection Program

Public Drinking Branch

P.O. Box 176

Jefferson City, MO 65102-0176

Telephone: (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-5331

Web site: http://www.dnr.mo.gov/env/wpp/dw-index.htm

B-34
State of Montana 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 63 28 516 135

Total Coliform Rule 255 175 522 352

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

11 10 9 3

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 59 52

Consumer Confidence Report 79 68

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 28 8 5 2 15 8

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

2011

Total Number of

NR

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

683

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,563 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Montana’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

P.O. Box 200901

Helena, MT 59620-0901

Contact: Eugene Pizzini

Telephone: (406) 444-6972

Fax: (406) 444-1375

Email: epizzini@mt.gov

Web site: http://www.deq.mt.gov/wqinfo/pws/index.asp

B-35
Navajo Nation 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 58 29

Total Coliform Rule 11 10 62 36

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 30 26

Consumer Confidence Report 55 24

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 33 18

Ground Water Rule 0 0 8 6

2011

Total Number of

162

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

75

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

257

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

B-36
State of Nebraska 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 173 66* 13 13*

Total Coliform Rule 224 174* 127 98

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 2 2

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 15 4 0 0 2 2

Ground Water Rule 0 0 0 0

* Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

1,325 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

315

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

556*

Violations

*The total number of violations in the report (542) differs from the calculated total (556).

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Nebraska’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site, visiting county libraries in the state or by 

contacting:

Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services

Division of Public Health

301 Centennial Mall South

P.O. Box 95026

Lincoln, NE 68509-5026

Contact: Jo Ann Wagner

Telephone: (402) 471-2541 or (402) 471-0520

Fax: (402) 471-6436

Email: joann.wagner@nebraska.gov

Web site: http://dhhs.ne.gov/publichealth/pages/enh_pwsindex.aspx

B-37
State of Nevada 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 73 18 135 62

Total Coliform Rule 34 5 104 17

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 6 5

Consumer Confidence Report 9 8

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 9 1 0 0 38 18

Ground Water Rule 0 0 4 3

2011

Total Number of

557

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

99

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

412

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Nevada's State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or visiting county libraries in the state.

Web site: http://ndep.nv.gov/BSDW/oversight.htm

B-38
State of New Hampshire 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 96 37* 360 64*

Total Coliform Rule 221 162 366 286

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

2 2 2 1

Lead and Copper Rule 8 8 21 20

Consumer Confidence Report 66 66

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 18 4 0 0 17 10

Ground Water Rule 20 20 76 74

*Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

2,426 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

NR

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,273 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

New Hampshire’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services

Water Division, Drinking Water and Groundwater Bureau

29 Hazen Drive

PO Box 95

Concord, NH 03302-0095

Contact: Terri Sabbia

Telephone: (603) 271-2923

Email: theresa.sabbia@des.nh.gov

Web site: http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/dwgb/annual_report.htm

B-39
State of New Jersey 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 64 29* 748 131*

Total Coliform Rule 532** 327 352 232

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

6 2 36 34

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 47 47

Consumer Confidence Report 153 153

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 15 7 2 2 67 33

Ground Water Rule 1 1 297 92*

*Possible over counting of violating systems.

**The numbers in the summary table (shown) are greater than the numbers reported in the text.

2011

Total Number of

3,870 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

NR

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,787 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

The 2011 State Report did not provide information regarding public availability.

B-40
State of New Mexico 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 110 43* 56 4*

Total Coliform Rule 69 54 184 106

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

15 12 3 2

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 330 173

Consumer Confidence Report 216 153

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 24 7 11 8 7 4

Ground Water Rule 38 28 0 0

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

1,172 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

493

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,063 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

B-41
State of New York 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group NR* NR* NR* NR*

Total Coliform Rule NR* NR* NR* NR*

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

NR* NR* NR* NR*

Lead and Copper Rule NR* NR* NR* NR*

Consumer Confidence Report NR* NR*

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR* NR* NR* NR* NR* NR*

Ground Water Rule NR* NR* NR* NR*

*State submitted the information without a breakdown by rule.

2011

Total Number of

8,883 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

3,601 Systems in Violation

Total Number of

6,597 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

New York's State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

New York State Department of Health

Telephone: (800) 458-1158 or (518) 402-7650

Email: bpwsp@health.state.ny.us

Web site: http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/violations/2011/2011_compliance_report.htm

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State of North Carolina 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 40 18* 1,035 53*

Total Coliform Rule 241 195 763 484

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 32 29 316 200

Consumer Confidence Report 272 194

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 85 41 1 1 142 85

Ground Water Rule 0 0 221 119

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

6,043 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

1,633 Systems in Violation

Total Number of

3,148 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

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State of North Dakota 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 17 6 5 5

Total Coliform Rule 23 17 131 80

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

3 2 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 2 2

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 6 3 0 0 27 24

Ground Water Rule 0 0 7 7

2011

Total Number of

553

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

106

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

221

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

North Dakota’s State Report is available by contacting:

North Dakota Department of Health

Division of Municipal Facilities

918 E Divide Avenue, 3rd Floor

Bismarck, ND 58501-1947

Attention: LeeAnn Tillotson

Telephone: (701) 328-5293

Fax: (701) 328-5200

E-mail: ltillots@nd.gov

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Northern Mariana Islands 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 384 8

Total Coliform Rule 3 3 3 3

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 27 13

Consumer Confidence Report 1 1

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 6 3

Ground Water Rule 0 0 0 0

2011

Total Number of

73

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

19

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

424

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

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State of Ohio 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 28 14 497 170*

Total Coliform Rule 419 291 737 568

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

14 5 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 66 53 307 266

Consumer Confidence Report 104 81

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 74 26 1 1 32 18

Ground Water Rule 1 1 100 95

*Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

NR

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

NR

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

2,380 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

The 2011 State Report did not provide information regarding public availability.

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State of Oklahoma 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 122 36* 379 54*

Total Coliform Rule 99 84* 829 467*

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

54 22 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule 19 18 50 38

Consumer Confidence Report 91 91

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 267 79 104 35 36 16

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

*Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

1,668 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

616

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

2,051 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Oklahoma’s State report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

Department of Environmental Quality

Water Quality Division, 8th Floor

707 N. Robinson

Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677

By mail: 

Department of Environmental Quality

Water Quality Division

P.O. Box 1677

Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677

Web site: http://www.deq.state.ok.us

B-47
State of Oregon 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 66 26 1,487 310

Total Coliform Rule 192 144 941 617

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

76 26 309 91

Lead and Copper Rule 15 14 248 158

Consumer Confidence Report 161 57

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 11 4 3 3 99 41

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

2011

Total Number of

NR

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

1,122 Systems in Violation

Total Number of

3,608 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

The 2011 State Report did not provide information regarding public availability.

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State of Pennsylvania 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 102 58 14,112 986

Total Coliform Rule 685 443 1,613 1,195

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

7 4 230 62

Lead and Copper Rule 19 17 179 175

Consumer Confidence Report 157 157

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 115 51* 50 27* 1,748 810

Ground Water Rule 61 35 500 176

*Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

9,040 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

3,012* Systems in Violation

Total Number of

19,578** Violations

*Includes PWSs violating Public Notification Rule.

*The total number of violations in the report (22,668) differs from the calculated total (19,578).

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Pennsylvania’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

Department of Environmental Protection

Bureau of Safe Drinking Water

P.O. Box 8467, 10th Floor RCSOB

Harrisburg, PA 17105-8467

Telephone: (717) 787-4018

Web site: http://www.dep.state.pa.us

Keyword: drinking water

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Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 28 21*

Total Coliform Rule 169 104* 1,711 197

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

17 8 2 1

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 5 5

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 39 25* NR NR 9 8*

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

* Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

485

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

NR

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,981 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Puerto Rico’s Report is available by accessing the territory's web site or by contacting:

Department of Health

Public Water Supply Supervision Program

Ponce de León Avenue, #431 Edificio Nacional Plaza

Suite 903

Hato Rey, Puerto Rico 00917

EPA Region 2, New York

Eng. Nicole Kraft

290 Broadway, New York, NY 10007-1866

Web site: http://www.salud.gov.pr

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State of Rhode Island 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 2 2 15* 15**

Total Coliform Rule 90 52 79 65

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

1 1 2 2

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 7 7

Consumer Confidence Report 3 3

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

*Monitoring violations for Volatile Organic Compounds are issued as a single violation, not as violations for each of the 21 regulated contaminants.

**Possible over counting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

487

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

110

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

184

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Rhode Island's Report is available by accessing the web site or by contacting:

Rhode Island Department of Health

Office of Drinking Water Quality

Three Capitol Hill

Providence, RI 02908

Telephone: (401) 222-6867

Web site: http://www.health.ri.gov/programs/drinkingwaterquality/

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State of South Carolina 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 17 7* 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 82 40 51 31

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

1 1 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 22 21

Consumer Confidence Report 6 6

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 10 6 3 1 0 0

Ground Water Rule 0 0 21 19

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

1,436 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

108

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

213

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

B-52
State of South Dakota 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 63 18 525 13

Total Coliform Rule 25 20 34 27

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 6 4 7 7

Consumer Confidence Report 11 9

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 5 2 51 51 39 26

Ground Water Rule 11 9 41 21

2011

Total Number of

647

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

158

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

818* Violations

*The total number of violations in the report (979) differs from the calculated total (818) because of the inclusion of public notification violations and

“other violations” of the Ground Water Rule.

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

South Dakota’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources

Drinking Water Program, PMB-2020

Joe Foss Building

523 East Capitol Avenue

Pierre, SD 57501

Attention: Mark S. Mayer, P.E.

Telephone: (605) 773-3754

Email: mark.mayer@state.sd.us

Web site: http://denr.sd.gov/des/dw/complianceinfo.aspx

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State of Tennessee 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 21 1

Total Coliform Rule 21 19 65 51

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

18 13 32 23

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 17 9

Consumer Confidence Report 18 18

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 53 24 1 1 36 21

Ground Water Rule 0 0 3 3

2011

Total Number of

893

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

166

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

288

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

B-54
State of Texas 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 1,112 230* 250 27*

Total Coliform Rule 127 120 1,499 695

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

40 14 27 5

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 1 1

Consumer Confidence Report 704 365

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 290 105 0 0 173 84

Ground Water Rule 12 11 330 296

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

6,961 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

2,471 Systems in Violation

Total Number of

4,567 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

B-55
State of Utah 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 1,116 208*

Total Coliform Rule 108 90 199 153

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

1 1 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 155 135

Consumer Confidence Report 41 40

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 55 31

Ground Water Rule 0 0 181 134

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2011

Total Number of

1,015 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

512

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,858 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

B-56
State of Vermont 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 12 5* 108** 107*

Total Coliform Rule 110 98* 376 286*

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 6 6 7 6*

Consumer Confidence Report 14 14

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 33 13* 0 0 16 15*

Ground Water Rule 4 4* 8 8*

*Possible over counting of violating systems.

** Violations are undercounted because contaminants were reported in groups (e.g., Inorganics, VOCs).

2011

Total Number of

1,353 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

NR

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

586

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Vermont's State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

Drinking Water and Groundwater Protection Division

Department of Environmental Conservation

Agency of Natural Resources

103 South Main Street

Waterbury, VT 05671-0403

Contact: Julie Hackbarth

Telephone: (802) 654-8960

Email: julie.hackbarth@state.vt.us

Temporary location until permanent move to Montpelier in the fall of 2012

VSAC Building

10 East Allen Street

Winooski, VT

Telephone: (802) 241-3400 or (800) 823-6500

Facsimile: (802) 338-4895

Web site: http://www.vermontdrinkingwater.org

B-57
Virgin Islands 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 40 32 4 4

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 327 159

Consumer Confidence Report 1 1

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ground Water Rule 0 0 0 0

2011

Total Number of

298

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

176

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

373

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

EPA did not receive the 2011 Annual Report prior to January 20, 2012 and generated data from SDWIS/FED to meet publication deadlines.

B-58
Commonwealth of Virginia 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 52 18 695 98

Total Coliform Rule 224 168 580 384

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

3 3 3 2

Lead and Copper Rule 10 8 84 73

Consumer Confidence Report 81 52

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 28 12 24 21 44 26

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

2011

Total Number of

2,830 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

715

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,828 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Virginia’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

Office of Drinking Water

109 Governor Street, 6th Floor

Richmond, VA 23219

Attn: Robert A.K. Payne, Esq.

Telephone: (804) 864-7500

Facsimile: (804) 864-7520

Email: rob.payne@vdh.virginia.gov

Web site: http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/odw/compliance/annualReport.htm

B-59
State of Washington 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 71 38 1,575 186

Total Coliform Rule 12 11 578 394

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

14 3 5 3

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 65 53

Consumer Confidence Report 257 257

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

*Radionuclide Contaminants were not reported in the Chemical Contaminant Group

2011

Total Number of

4,111 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

816

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

2,577 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Washington’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

Department of Health

Office of Drinking Water

P.O. Box 47822

Olympia, Washington 98504-7822

Telephone: (800) 521-0323

Web site: http://www.doh.wa.gov/Community andEnvironment/DrinkingWater/RegulationandCompliance/Enforcement/EPAViolationReports.aspx

B-60
State of West Virginia 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 968 136

Total Coliform Rule 4 3 385 203

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

8 7 64 23

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 215 110

Consumer Confidence Report 176 85

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 24 11 7 5 100 47

Ground Water Rule NR NR NR NR

2011

Total Number of

1,025 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

608

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,952 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

The 2011 state report did not provide information regarding public availability.

B-61
State of Wisconsin 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 214 85 575 227

Total Coliform Rule 568 401 365 296

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 27 27

Consumer Confidence Report 54 54

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR 2 0 0 NR 13

Ground Water Rule 0 0 NR 80

2011

Total Number of

11,439 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

NR

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

1,805 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Wisconsin’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater

P.O. Box 7921

Madison, WI 53707

Telephone: (608) 267-4230

Web site: http://dnr.wi.gov/org/water/dwg/report_2011.pdf

B-62
State of Wyoming 2011 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2011

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 20 8 32 23

Total Coliform Rule 47 38 95 79

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

4 4 2 2

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 15 14

Consumer Confidence Report 10 10

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 10 4 0 0 3 3

Ground Water Rule 1 1 38 36

2011

Total Number of

797

Regulated Systems

Total Number of 

178

Systems in Violation

Total Number of

276

Violations

Where to Obtain the 2011 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Wyoming’s State report is available by accessing EPA’s Web site or by contacting:

EPA Region 8's Environmental Information Service Center

Telephone: (303) 312-6312 or (800) 227-8917

E-mail: r8eisc@epa.gov

Web site: http://www.epa.gov/region8/water/dwhome/wyomingdi.html

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