# Catalytic Wood

- Burning Technology

Presented By:

## Agenda  

### Catalytic Combustors in Wo od Stov es  Historical Look  

### How Catalytic Combustors Function  Catal ytic Stov e Operation  

### Catalytic Combustor  EP A Requir ements  Education,

Facts and Fiction  Wa rranty  

### Efficiencies and Clean Burning  Home Heating Comparison

## Agenda  

### Catalytic Combustor

**s in Wo**  **od Sto ve**  **s**  **Historical Look**  

### How Catalytic Combustors Function  Catal ytic Stov e Operation  

### Catalytic Combustor  EP A Requir ements  Education,

Facts and Fiction  Wa rranty  

### Efficiencies and Clean Burning  Home Heating Comparison

## Environmental Evolution Woodstove & Fireplace Inserts:
 

### ~1978

– First w ood stov es manufactured with a catalytic combustor  

### 1980
- Emissions of 40 to 60 grams per hour of par ticulate matter(PM) per hour  

### 1985

– EP

A emission standar ds  

### Regulator y neg otiations  

### 1988

– Phase I

– 5.5 grams PM per hour  

### New mfg

– Ju ly

1988  

### 1990

– Phase II

– 4.1 grams PM per hour  

### New mfg

– Ju ly

1990 A ll sales

– Ju ly

1992  

### 2009

– EP

A Re
- Opens NSPS Regulations on wood burning a ppliances f

or rev ision

## Agenda  

### Catalytic Combustors in Wo od Stov es  Historical Look  

### Ho **w Catalytic Combustor s Function**   **Catalytic Sto ve**  **Oper ation**   

### Catalytic Combustor  EP A Requir ements  Education,

Facts and Fiction  Wa rranty  

### Efficiencies and Clean Burning  Home Heating Comparison

## What Is Catalyst

 

### Definition:

Acatalyst is a substance which low ers the activation energ y for a giv en r eaction, without being consumed by the r eaction.
 

### To o xidize organic compounds, HEA

T is the activation energ y necessar y to complete the re action.

## Combustion Reaction

 

### Catalysts cr eate a Combustion Reaction  

### Also Ref

err ed to As “Oxidation”Reaction  

### Carbon in an y compound Combines with Oxygen to fo rm Carbon Dio xide and Wa ter  

## 2 CO + O 2 

##  2 CO 2 

###  

## C 3 

## H 8 

## + 5 O 2 

##  3 CO 2 

## + 4 H 2 

## O

## VOC Destruction

VOC

– Vo latile Organic Compounds

## Combustor Components

 

### Car rier - ph ysical suppor ts for activ e metal catalyst  

### Catalyst Coatings

– Pr ecious (noble) metals or base metal elements which ar e “activ e in the combustion re action”. Some catalyst manufactures also use a pr e - coating,

a lso known as a washcoat.

## Cell Density CPSI
- cell opening per squar e in of ceramic

## The Catalytic Stove Evaluating a Catalyst Wood Stove

 

### Catalytic Stov e design

## The Catalytic Stove

 

### A combustor

- equipped stov e operates lik e an y other

– only mor e efficient

 

### Yo u load it,

light it, and adjust it to maintain it just as you wo uld an y w ood stov e

## The Catalytic Stove What to Watch

 

### Achie ving Catalytic Light - Off  

### Maintaining Catalytic Burning Conditions  

### Recommended Fuels  

### Understanding Stov e Limitation Visit the CHC w ebsite f

or Detailed Instructions. www .chc - hpba.org

## Maintaining Catalytic Burn Conditions
 

### During star t - up a medium to high fire rate must be maintained f

or ~20 minutes with bypass open  

### During r efueling,

fir e the stov e f

or ~10 minutes to ensure proper temperatures f or catal ytic activity to continue with bypass open
Visit the CHC w ebsite for Complete instructions. www .chc - hpba.org 

## The Catalytic Stove

## Importance of the Firing Procedure
 

## Ke ep a health y combustor  

## Pr eve nt plugging  

## Pr eve nt peeling of the coating  

## Pr eve nt thermal cracking  

## Pr eve nt deactivation 

## The Catalytic Stove

## Troubleshooting Damage Prevention  

### DO NO

T:  Drop combustor  Run water through the combustor  Remov e the metal band from the combustor  Remov e combustor from manufacturer's holder  Scrape the inside walls of the combustor  Use compressed air to clean the combustor Visit the CHC w ebsite f

or Advice
. www .chc - hpba.org

## Care Guidelines Cleaning Procedures

 

### “Hot” Fir e Cleaning  

### Minor Cleaning Procedure  

### Major Cleaning Procedure Visit the CHC w ebsite f

or Complete Instructions. www .chc - hpba.org

## Agenda  

### Catalytic Combustors in Wo od Stov es  Historical Look  

### How Catalytic Combustors Function  Catal ytic Stov e Operation  

### Catalytic Combustor  **EP A Requirements**   Education,

Facts and Fiction  Wa rranty  

### Efficiencies and Clean Burning  Home Heating Comparison

## Environmental Evolution Woodstove & Fireplace Inserts:
Cur re nt Standar ds:

“Questionable” Durability of the catal yst was cited as the r eason f

or 2 Standar ds. **Ty pe of De** **vice Wa**  **shington State Limit**  **EP A Limit**  Catalytic Wo od Burning Device 2.5 grams per hour 4.1 grams per hour Non - Catalytic Wo od Burning De vice 4.5 grams per hour 7.5 grams per hour

## Environmental Evolution Woodstove & Fireplace Inserts:

Cur re nt Standar ds: **All** catalyst used in an approv ed EP A w ood - burning ap pliance mu st r eceiv e approval from EP A. Te st r esult cannot show an incr ease from the ap pliances cer tified emission rating of mor e than 2.5 g/hr of particulate matter to demonstrate catalyst equivalency

.

## Agenda  

### Catalytic Combustors in Wo od Stov es  Historical Look  

### How Catalytic Combustors Function  Catal ytic Stov e Operation  

### Catalytic Combustor  EP A Requir ements  **Education,**

**F acts and Fiction**   Wa rranty  

### Efficiencies and Clean Burning  Home Heating Comparison

## Life of a Combustor

 

### The anticipate operational lif e is 12,000 to 50,000 hours.  

### Confirmation Studies w er e perf ormed independently by Omni En vironmental Laboratories  

### The Omni aging study conducted in December of 2009 show ed limited r eduction in activity after m ultiple seasons of use  

### Study Parameters  

### Results

## Results

- Stove A

**Owner / Combustor**  **Informatio n**  **Fuel Usag e**  **(Cor ds/Y** 

**ear) Reduction of**  **Pa rt**  **iculate Matter**  **(5H Adjusted (g/hr))**  **Reduction of Carbon**  **Mono xide**  **(g/hr) Reduction of** 

**VO C as**  **Carbon (g/hr)**  New 1 n/a 85% 98% 83% Used (5.75 Ye ars) 3 83% 91% 56%
Used (8.5 Ye ars) More than 2 81% 96% 64%

1 Aged based on EP

A Method 28 Guidelines **Owner / Combustor Information**  **Pa rt**  **iculate Matter** 

**(5H Adjusted (g/hr))**  **Carbon Mono** **xide (g/hr)**  **VO C as** 

**Carbon (g/hr)** Blank (No Catalyst Coating) 7.80 279.11 23.58 **Effects of Cataly**  **st in Stove A** 

## Results

- Stove B

**Owner / Combustor**  **Informatio n**  **Fuel Usag e**  **(Cor ds/Y** 

**ear) Reduction of**  **Pa rt**  **iculate Matter**  **(5H Adjusted (g/hr))**  **Reduction of Carbon**  **Mono xide**  **(g/hr) Reduction of** 

**VO C as**  **Carbon (g/hr)**  New 1 n/a 83% 93% 74% Used (5.5 Ye ars) 4 to 6 78% 74% 45%
Used (9 Ye ars) 3 80% 89% 56%

1 Aged based on EP

A Method 28 Guidelines **Owner / Combustor Information**  **Pa rt**  **iculate Matter** 

**(5H Adjusted (g/hr))**  **Carbon Mono** **xide (g/hr)**  **VO C as** 

**Carbon (g/hr)** Blank (No Catalyst Coating) 31.95 335.64 39.45 **Effects of Cataly**  **st in Stove B**

## Results

– Summary

1 Aged based on EP

A Method 28 Guidelines **Sto ve**  **A Ne**  **w 1**  **Used 5.75**  **Ye ars**  **Used**

**8.5 Ye**  **ars** Particulate Matter (5H Adjusted (g/hr)) 85%

Reduced Emissions 0.14 g/hr Increase from New 0.3 g/hr Increase

from New **Change of Particulate Emission in an**  **Aged Combustor**

**Sto ve**  **B Ne**  **w 1**  **Used 5.75**  **Ye ars**  **Used**

**8.5 Ye**  **ars** Particulate Matter (5H Adjusted (g/hr)) 83%

Reduced Emissions 1.9 g/hr Increase from New 1.04 g/hr Increase

from New Less Than 1 g/hr Av erage Change in Emissions After 9 Ye ars

## Regulations Revisited : Cur re nt Standar ds:

With An Incr ease of ~1 g/hr o ve r 9 Ye ars A Wa shington State Approve d Catalytic Sto ve will not r each the same emission le ve ls as a Wa shington State Non
- Cat Sto ve for 18 Ye ars . An EP A Approve d Catalytic Sto ve will not r each the same emission le ve ls as a Wa shington State Non
- Cat Sto ve for 30.6 Ye ars Using the or iginal NSPS Logic of Course **Ty pe of De** **vice Wa**  **shington State Limit**  **EP A Limit**  Catalytic Wo od Burning Device 2.5 grams per hour 4.1 grams per hour Non - Catalytic Wo od Burning De vice 4.5 grams per hour 7.5 grams per hour

## Combustor Condition

 **Sto ve**  **A Blank**  **(No Coatings Ne**  **w (Ag**  **ed 50+ Hours) Used 5.75**  **Ye ars**  **3 Cor ds P** **er Ye**  **ar Used 8**  **Ye ars**  **Mor e**  **Than 2 Cor ds /Y** 

**ear**

All combustors pictured post vacuuming

## Combustor Condition

 **Sto ve**  **b Blank**  **(No Coatings Ne**  **w (Ag**  **ed 50+ Hours) Used 5.75**  **Ye ars**  **3 Cor ds P** **er Ye**  **ar Used 8**  **Ye ars**  **Mor e**  **Than 2 Cor ds /Y** 

**ear**

All combustors pictured post vacuuming

## Agenda  

### Catalytic Combustors in Wo od Stov es  Historical Look  

### How Catalytic Combustors Function  Catal ytic Stov e Operation  

### Catalytic Combustor  EP A Requir ements  Education,

Facts and Fiction  **Wa rr**  **anty**  

### Efficiencies and Clean Burning  Home Heating Comparison

## Combustor Warranty
 

### EP A r equir es each stov e and/or catalyst manufacturer provide a 6
- ye ar pro - rated war ranty on original combustors 

## 0.4% of OEM Combustors are r eplaced in the first 3 y ears of Ser vice (most failur es in vo lv e ov er temperatur e conditions) **Less Than 10%**  of all OEM Combustors are r eplaced during the EP A Mandated 6 Ye ar Wa rranty P eriod

Contact your stove manufacture for more details.

## Agenda  

### Catalytic Combustors in Wo od Stov es  Historical Look  

### How Catalytic Combustors Function  Catal ytic Stov e Operation  

### Catalytic Combustor  EP A Requir ements  Education,

Facts and Fiction  Wa rranty  

### Efficiencies and Clean Burning  **Home heating Comparison**

## Efficiencies: Where Catalytic Wood Stoves Excel  

### An y Time:  Uninter rupted continuous lo w burns ar e needed  Infr equent fuel loads are made  Consumer is an efficiency nut and driv es a Prius TM

## Efficiencies: Where Catalytic Wood Stoves Excel Example Scenario:  

### Let's assume f

or a moment there are tw o homes, located next to one another in the same community in a suburb.  Both Homes Ha

ve :  The same number of occupants  Exact same floor plan  Same desir ed indoor temperatur e during a cold winter da y.

## Efficiencies: Where Catalytic Wood Stoves Excel Example Scenario:  Both homeo wners also purchase their winter fuel from the same supplier on the same da y from the same pile of cor dw ood.  Both homeo wners also expect their wood sto ve to be their main source of heat in their homes.

## Efficiencies: Where Catalytic Wood Stoves Excel Example Scenario: Home 1: A non
- catalytic wo od sto ve that is Wa shington State ap prove d at a maxim um 4.5 grams/hour and 75% efficiency
. Home 2: A catalytic sto ve rated at 1.76 grams/hour and with an efficiency rating of 82.5%.

## Efficiencies: Where Catalytic Wood Stoves Excel Example Scenario: It is obvious the catalytic model in Home 2 is m uch cleaner burning o ve rall and is also m uch cleaner burning as discussed earlier

, in the lo w & medium burn settings. T he catalytic wo od sto ve will ther ef or e produce f

ewe r emissions o ve r the winter , but ho w m uch less?

## Efficiencies: Where Catalytic Wood Stoves Excel Example Scenario:  To r each the actual answ er and to ha ve a total a ppr eciation for the v er y natur e of eff icient, catalytic wo od sto ve s, look at each of the sto ve s' individual efficiencies. EFFICIENT  **a.** Acting or producing eff ectiv el y with a minim um of waste , expense , or unnecessar y eff or t.  **b.** Exhibiting a high ratio of output to input.

## Efficiencies: Where Catalytic Wood Stoves Excel Example Scenario:  Ther e is a 7% differ ence in efficiency betw een the Appliance in Home 1 vs.

Home 2.  Home 1 with the non - catalytic wo od sto ve will actually burn mor e w ood and produce e ve n gr eater le ve ls of par ticulate o ve r the same winter
.  It isn't enough to just look at grams of particulate produced each hour without taking into consideration ove rall efficiency

## How Are Stoves Used

**COMP ARE**  **PM (g/hr) (P**  **ar ticulate**  **Matter)**
**Sto ve**  **s spend 80% of their life in this rang**  **e**
**Lo w**  **Medium Medium**  **High High** 
**Burn Rate (kg/hr)**  **<0.8 0.8**  **to 1.25 1.25**  **to 1.9 MAX (3 to 5)**  **Heat Output (BTU/hr) <10,000**  **~12,000 ~15,000**  **~40,000+**
**AVG Wa**  **shington State**  **Certified NON**  **- CA** 

**T Sto ve**  **3.45 3.85**  **3.05 2.70** 

**AVG W**  **ashington State**  **Certified CA** 

**T Sto ve**  **0.29 0.83**  **1.24 4.67** 

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