Filed 3/4/10 NO. 4-09-0707

IN THE APPELLATE COURT

OF ILLINOIS

FOURTH DISTRICT

AMANDA HOPE,

 Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

JAMES HOPE and KAREN HOPE,

 Defendants-Appellees.

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Appeal from

Circuit Court of

Sangamon County

No. 07L253

Honorable

Leslie J. Graves,

Judge Presiding.

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JUSTICE POPE delivered the opinion of the court:

In November 2006, plaintiff, Amanda Hope, fell on the

steps of her parents’ home and was injured. In October 2007,

Amanda filed a one-count premises-liability complaint against

defendants, James Hope and Karen Hope.

James and Karen moved for summary judgment, arguing the

mud on the steps was open and obvious and also arguing Amanda was

unable to establish a required element for a premises-liability

claim, i.e., lack of knowledge of the alleged defect. In August

2009, the trial court granted the motion for summary judgment.

Amanda appeals, arguing that summary judgment was

inappropriate because the distraction exception applies.

We disagree and affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

Plaintiff, Amanda Hope, is the young adult daughter of

defendants, James Hope and Karen Hope. In November 2006, Amanda

went to her parents’ home in Springfield for a visit. James and

Karen own the home. Amanda arrived at approximately 10 a.m. 
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Karen was gardening in the yard when Amanda arrived. The yard

had no grass. Karen had been gardening since approximately 8 or

8:30 a.m. James had left the house for work at 7:30 a.m.

Four concrete steps lead from the sidewalk up to the

front porch of the house. Each time Karen took a break from

gardening she wiped mud from her shoes on these concrete steps. 

Hereinafter, for the purpose of clarity, the steps will be

referred to in numerical order where step one is the bottom step

and step four is the top step. Greeting Amanda in the yard,

Karen warned Amanda of the mud on the steps. Amanda testified

that she saw mud on step one, and Amanda then entered the house

by climbing the steps without incident.

While Amanda was in the house, Karen continued to do

her gardening. During her breaks, Karen wiped more mud on the

steps. When step one was laden with mud, Karen wiped mud from

her shoes on step two. After mud accumulated on step two, Karen

wiped some mud on step three. Mud covered approximately onethird the width of the steps, starting from the handrail side. 

When looking up the steps, the handrail is on the left side. 

Amanda did homework, watched television, ate, and slept while

Karen continued to work in the yard.

At some point later in the day, Karen’s friend Paul

Smarjesse visited the house. Paul told Karen that she should

clean the steps before someone got hurt. Amanda testified she

heard Paul give this warning to Karen. Karen testified she

forgot to clean the steps.
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When James returned to the house from work at

approximately 5:15 or 5:30 p.m., he saw mud on step one and step

two. Karen was still working in the yard when James arrived. 

James told Karen that she should clean the steps before someone

slipped and fell. Karen told James she would clean the steps. 

James believes Karen cleaned the steps but then later wiped mud

on them again.

Somewhere between 6 p.m. and 7 p.m., Amanda, James,

Karen, and some guests were in the process of leaving the house

to go play in a dart tournament. James Robertson, a friend of

the family who lived at the house, went down the steps first. 

Amanda went down the steps next and fell as she did so. Amanda

was holding onto the handrail when she fell. Her arm got twisted

during the fall. Amanda had mud on her back after the fall. 

Amanda believes she lost her footing on step three. James

testified he believes Amanda lost her footing on step two. After

the fall, James cleaned the steps himself. When doing the

cleaning, James did not recall seeing any mud on step three. 

James did recall seeing mud on step one and step two.

Amanda complained of shoulder and arm pain. Amanda

went to the hospital that night. Amanda later received treatment

from a chiropractor. Amanda gave a statement to an insurance

company that she was talking and not paying attention when she

was walking down the steps. She also told the insurance company

she forgot there was mud on the steps.

In October 2007, Amanda filed a one-count premises-
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liability complaint against James and Karen. James and Karen

moved for summary judgment, arguing the mud on the steps was open

and obvious and also arguing Amanda was unable to establish the

third element for premises liability. In August 2009, the trial

court granted the motion for summary judgment. The August 2009

order does not mention the basis on which the motion was granted. 

This appeal followed.

II. ANALYSIS

We review the grant of summary judgment de novo. Smith

v. Neumann, 289 Ill. App. 3d 1056, 1063, 682 N.E.2d 1245, 1249

(1997).

Plaintiff argues summary judgment was inappropriate

because defendants were not relieved of the duty of reasonable

care owed to plaintiff because defendants should have anticipated

that the mud-covered steps would cause physical harm to plaintiff

notwithstanding the known or obvious danger. Plaintiff further

argues genuine issues of material fact remain as to whether

plaintiff knew of mud on the "top steps" and whether plaintiff

remembered mud on any steps at all at the time of her fall. 

Plaintiff does not argue the muddy steps were not open and

obvious.

To recover in a premises-liability case, a plaintiff

must prove the following elements:

(1) A condition on the property presented an

unreasonable risk of harm to people on the property;

(2) The defendant knew or in the exercise of
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ordinary care should have known of both the condition

and the risk;

(3) The defendant could reasonably expect that

people on the property would not discover or realize

the danger or would fail to protect themselves against

such danger;

(4) The defendant was negligent in one or more

ways;

(5) The plaintiff was injured; and

(6) The defendant’s negligence was a proximate

cause of the plaintiff’s injury.

See Simich v. Edgewater Beach Apartments Corp., 368 Ill. App. 3d

394, 408, 857 N.E.2d 934, 945 (2006), quoting Illinois Pattern

Jury Instructions, Civil, No 120.08 (2005).

In general, landowners have no duty regarding open and

obvious dangers. Bucheleres v. Chicago Park District, 171 Ill.

2d 435, 447-48, 665 N.E.2d 826, 832 (1996). An exception to this

rule lies if the property owner has "reason to expect that the

invitee’s attention may be distracted, so that he will not discover what is obvious, or will forget what he has discovered or

will fail to protect himself against it." Rexroad v. City of

Springfield, 207 Ill. 2d 33, 45, 796 N.E.2d 1040, 1046 (2003).

Plaintiff’s entire argument relies on this distraction

exception: plaintiff failed to discover mud on the "top steps"

and plaintiff forgot about mud on any steps due to being

distracted.
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Defendants argue (1) plaintiff cannot establish the

third element (listed above) for a premises-liability claim and

(2) the distraction exception is inapplicable to the facts of

this case. 

Defendants contend because the danger was open and

obvious, and because plaintiff was warned about mud on the steps

by both Karen and Paul, defendants could not reasonably expect

plaintiff would not discover or realize the danger or would fail

to protect herself against the danger. Thus, defendants argue

plaintiff fails to establish the third element for premises

liability, which states the defendant could reasonably expect

people on the property would not discover or realize the danger

or would fail to protect themselves against such danger. Simich,

368 Ill. App. 3d at 408, 857 N.E.2d 934 at 945. 

Defendants also argue the distraction exception does

not apply because no sworn testimony in the record suggests

plaintiff was distracted. Defendants acknowledge plaintiff said

she forgot mud was on the steps in her statement to an insurance

company; however, defendants point out this statement is not

sworn testimony. Defendants also contend that far from being

distracted and failing to protect herself, plaintiff was holding

onto the handrail while walking down the steps. 

The trial court did not provide its reasoning in the

summary-judgment order. "[W]e review the trial court’s judgment,

not its reasoning, and we may affirm on any basis called for by

the record." Forsberg v. Edward Hospital & Health Services, 389
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Ill. App. 3d 434, 440, 906 N.E.2d 729, 734 (2009). 

We agree with defendants the distraction exception is

not applicable in this case. Plaintiff asserts she was

distracted by the common, everyday activities of eating, studying, watching television, and sleeping. Plaintiff has made no

argument as to how defendants would have reason to expect these

ordinary activities by plaintiff would have distracted her to the

point plaintiff would not discover obvious danger, would forget

the muddy condition of the steps, or would fail to protect herself as required for the distraction exception to be applicable

(see Rexroad, 207 Ill. 2d at 45, 796 N.E.2d at 1046), particularly where she was warned of the danger by two different people

and observed the mud on the steps herself.

The issue is not whether plaintiff was distracted. The

issue is whether defendants would have reason to expect plaintiff

would be distracted. "Generally a party need not anticipate the

negligence of others." Ward v. K mart Corp., 136 Ill. 2d 132,

152, 554 N.E.2d 223, 232 (1990). 

Defendants would not reasonably foresee that eating,

studying, watching television, and sleeping would create a distraction leading to injury. If such mundane activities, undertaken at a different location than the place of injury, were

sufficient to invoke the distraction exception, then the distraction exception would almost completely subsume the open-andobvious doctrine.

In contrast, the distraction cases relied upon by
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plaintiff both involve distractions occurring at the time and

place of injury. In Rexroad, a boy stepped in a hole while

running an urgent errand. Rexroad, 207 Ill. 2d at 37, 796 N.E.2d

at 1042. In Ward, a customer collided with a concrete post,

located near the store entrance, while carrying a large purchase

that obstructed his view. Ward, 136 Ill. 2d at 135, 554 N.E.2d

at 224. In the instant case, plaintiff was not eating, studying,

watching television, or sleeping at the time she fell on the

steps.

III. CONCLUSION

For the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court’s

judgment.

Affirmed.

MYERSCOUGH, P.J., and KNECHT, J., concur.