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Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A)


Washington, DC 20460


EPA 305-R-03-001 

September 2003 
Table of Contents 

National Summary of Public Water Systems Compliance in 2001 

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 

PWS Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 

Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 

Data Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 

Enforcement and Compliance Assistance Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 

Information on and Evaluation of State Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 

State-by-State Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 

Conclusions and Activities to Address Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 

National Summary of Compliance for Public Water Systems in Indian Country in 2001 

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 

Public Water Systems in Indian Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 

Public Water Systems in Alaska and Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 

Data Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 

Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 

Compliance Assistance and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 

Financial Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 

Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 

Appendix A 

Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A–1 

Appendix B 

Summaries of State Annual Compliance Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B–1 

Appendix C 

Map of Indian Lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C–1 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Table of Contents Page i • September 2003 
List of Tables 

Table A–1: Significant Monitoring Violations for Annual State Public Water System Reports . . . . . . . .A–4 

Table A–2: Summary of Drinking Water Regulations for Public Water Systems During 2000 . . . . . . . .A–5 

Table B–1: Summary of Elements Reported by States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B–4 

September 2003 • Page ii 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Table of Contents 
National Summary of 

Public Water Systems Compliance in 2001 

INTRODUCTION 

The National Public Water Systems Compliance 

Report for 2001 describes how the 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its 

state partners are meeting the goal of ensuring 

that Americans receive safe drinking water from 

public water systems. The report also discusses 

the data we use to measure our success and the 

progress we are making in our efforts to increase 

its reliability and completeness. 

EPA prepares a National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report for every calendar year. The 

report is an annual summary of violations at the 

nation’s public water systems. The report also 

Public Water Systems 

A Public Water System (PWS) is a system that 

provides water for human consumption, if such 

system has at least 15 service connections or 

regularly serves at least 25 individuals at least 60 

days out of the year. A public water system can be 

one of three types: 

•	 Community Systems (CWS) serve at least 15 

service connections (which may include 

factories, schools, or places of housing that are 

on the same distribution system as residences) 

used by year-round residences or regularly serve 

at least 25 year-round residents. 

•	 Non-transient Non-community Systems 

(NTNCWS) serve at least 25 of the same 

persons over six months per year (e.g., schools 

or factories that have their own water source). 

•	 Transient Non-community Systems (TNCWS) 

serve at least 25 persons (but not the same 25) 

over six months per year (e.g., campgrounds or 

highway rest stops that have their own water 

source). 

summarizes and evaluates annual reports 

prepared by the states.1 

The first part of this report draws information 

from the Safe Drinking Water Information 

System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED), EPA’s 

national database, to provide a national picture 

of the maximum contaminant level, treatment 

technique, significant monitoring and reporting, 

significant consumer notification and variance or 

exemption violations the states reported to EPA 

for 2001. EPA aggregates these reported 

violations at all public water systems in states, 

commonwealths, territories and throughout 

Indian country to present a national summary of 

violations, and then presents summaries of 

significant monitoring and reporting violations, 

significant public notification violations, and 

violations of health-based standards at the 

different kinds of public water systems. 

The second part of this report presents 

information on public water systems throughout 

Indian country. 

A glossary of terms used in this report appears 

in Appendix A. 

Summaries and evaluations of completeness of 

the states’ annual public water systems reports 

for 2001 are presented in Appendix B. 

PWS COMPLIANCE 

This report uses information from SDWIS/FED, 

the national database where EPA records 

information the states are required to report 

about their public water systems. For the 

national public water system compliance reports, 

EPA examines SDWIS/FED records of violations 

of primary drinking water regulations that 

specify: 1) the maximum permissible level of a 

1 The term “state” includes 56 states, commonwealths, and territories. All but Wyoming and the District of Columbia have 

federal approval to implement the drinking water program within their jurisdictions. Federal approval to implement the 

drinking water program is called primary enforcement authority, or “primacy.” During calendar year 2001, EPA implemented 

the drinking water program in Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and throughout most of Indian country and was responsible 

for reporting the violations in these jurisdictions to SDWIS/FED. The Navajo Nation was approved for primacy and treatment 

as a state in late 2000. 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 1 • September 2003 
Information Sent to Customers: 

Consumer Confidence Report — 

(http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/pdfs/quickrefguide 

_ccr.pdf) Every community water system is required to 

produce a yearly report identifying the contaminants 

detected in its water and the risks of exposure to those 

contaminants. Large systems are required to mail their 

customers the report. While medium systems and small 

systems are required to produce the report, these 

systems may obtain a waiver from the mailing 

requirement. Very small systems are only required to 

print the report in the local newspaper. The annual 

water quality report or consumer confidence report 

(CCR) provides customers with a more complete picture 

of drinking water quality and systems operations. The 

annual CCR tells customers what’s in their water, where 

it comes from, and where they can obtain additional 

information. 

Public Notification Rule — (http://www.epa.gov/ 

safewater/pws/pn/rulefact.html) Public water systems 

must notify their customers if there has been a violation 

of drinking water standards. Public notification is 

intended to ensure that consumers will always know if 

there is a problem with their drinking water. Public 

water systems must notify the people who drink their 

water if the level of a contaminant in the water exceeds 

EPA and State drinking water regulations, if there is a 

waterborne disease outbreak or any other situation that 

may pose a risk to the public health, if the water 

system fails to test its water as required, or if the 

system has a variance or exemption from the 

regulations. Depending on the severity of the situation, 

water suppliers have 24 hours to one year to notify 

their customers. Public notification is provided in 

addition to the CCR. 

Information on the Internet: 

Safewater Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/safewater) — 

Provides information on the Safe Drinking Water Act, 

individual water systems, contaminants that may be in 

drinking water, and what individuals can do to help 

protect sources of their drinking water. 

Additional Information: 

Call the community water system — Billing statements 

should provide a number to call with questions. 

State Public Water Systems Compliance Report — 

Each state’s annual report discusses the violations at its 

public water systems. Most state reports include a list 

of violating facilities. 

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 

(this report) — Summarizes all reported violations at 

America’s public water systems. 

Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791) — 

Answers questions about drinking water, lets callers 

order documents from EPA, and can refer callers to EPA 

experts if they need more information. 

Envirofacts Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/enviro) — 

Allows the public to access EPA databases containing 

information on environmental activities that may affect 

air, water, and land anywhere in the United States. 

How Does The Public Find Out If Its Drinking Water Is Safe? 

contaminant in water that is delivered to any 

user of a public water system (Maximum 

Contaminant Level or MCL); 2) techniques for 

treating water to make it safe; 3) monitoring and 

reporting requirements (how and when water 

must be tested and the results reported) and 4) 

significant user notification violations.2 While 

SDWIS/FED collects information on monitoring 

and reporting violations, only “significant” 

monitoring and reporting violations are counted 

in this report. A “significant” monitoring and 

reporting violation occurs, with rare exceptions, 

when no samples are taken or no results are 

reported during a compliance period. Table A–1 

provides a more detailed description of 

significant monitoring violations for the different 

rules. A significant user notification violation 

occurs when a community water system 

completely failed to provide to its users a 

required report. Significant user notification 

violations include violations of the Consumer 

Confidence Report Regulation and violations of 

the Public Notification Regulations. The 

information provided in the Consumer 

Confidence Report will supplement public 

notification that water systems must provide to 

their customers upon discovering any violation of 

a contaminant standard. The CCR should not be 

2	 This report tabulates only “significant” monitoring and reporting violations. Table A–1 presents descriptions of significant 

monitoring violations for the different drinking water regulations. 

September 2003 • Page 2 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
the primary notification of potential health risk 

posed by drinking water, but will provide 

customers with a snapshot of the quality of their 

drinking water supply. Public Notification helps 

to ensure that consumers receive timely 

information about problems with their drinking 

water. These Public Notification requirements 

have always been a part of the Safe Drinking 

Water Act. 

As EPA reported in its Data Reliability Analysis 

of the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information 

System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED) (EPA 816-

R-00-020, October 2000), where the data in 

SDWIS/FED exist, the data are generally accurate. 

This is particularly true of data related to the 

number of public water systems, their size, and 

their type. However, EPA's analysis revealed that 

many states did not report some apparent 

violations — either to their own data systems or 

to EPA’s SDWIS/FED. It is important to note that 

the study revealed that only 55% of the apparent 

MCL violations and 10% of the apparent 

monitoring and reporting violations had been 

reported to SDWIS/FED (although what percent 

of the unreported monitoring and reporting 

violations are significant violations is unknown). 

Since that report, EPA and its state partners have 

worked towards the identification and resolution 

of any problems that may have produced data 

discrepancies in the past, and to prevent the 

occurrence of future problems. Because these 

ongoing efforts will result in significant 

corrections and additions to the data in 

SDWIS/FED, this 2001 report offers broad 

national findings rather than detailed analysis 

comparing previous National compliance 

statistics. 

More discussions of data quality concerns and 

EPA’s recommendations appear later in this 

report. 

FINDINGS 

In 2001, 161,316 public water systems 

together served almost 297 million users. The 

actual number of individuals served was 

smaller, because millions of Americans drank 

water from, and were counted as users by, 

more than one public water system during the 

course of the year. 

Percentage of Systems by Type 

33% 

12% 

55% 

Transient Non-Community


Community


Non-Transient Non-Community


•	 53,437 community water systems served 

almost 268 million people in their primary 

residences. 

•	 18,687 non-transient non-community 

systems (schools, factories) served 6 million 

people in places they frequented. 

•	 89,192 transient non-community systems 

(campgrounds, highway rest stops) served a 

constantly changing user base of almost 23 

million people. 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 3 • September 2003 
Most public water systems were small, but 

large systems served a majority of the people 

who drank water from a public water system. 

Size vs. Users Served3 

95% 

80% 

60% 

40% 

20% 

0% 

Small Systems Large Systems 

2% 

14% 

77% 

100% 

Percentage of Systems Percentage of Users Served 

•	 95% of America’s public water systems 

(including nearly all of the transient noncommunity systems), served 3,300 or fewer 

users. Together, these 152,680 small systems 

provided service to 14% of all users. 

•	 2% of America’s public water systems served 

more than 10,000 users. Together, these 

3,837 large systems provided service to 77% 

of all users. 

As reported to SDWIS/FED, most of America’s 

public water systems did not have any 

significant violations. 

PWS with Reported Significant Violations 

26% 

74% 

• For 74% of the public water systems in 

America, there was no report of a healthbased violation nor were there reports of 

significant monitoring and reporting 

violations. 

The states reported either a health-based 

violation, a significant monitoring and 

reporting violation, or a significant consumer 

confidence report violation at approximately 

41,300 public water systems in 2001. 

• About 23,900 (58%) of the systems with 

significant violations were non-community 

water systems, all but 47 of which served 

3,300 or fewer users each. Together, these 

violating small non-community water systems 

served drinking water to 3 million users. 

• 89% of the approximately 17,400 community 

water systems with a reported significant 

violation served 3,300 or fewer users each. 

Together, these violating small community 

water systems served drinking water to 

almost 7 million users. 

Most Americans received drinking water from 

public water systems that recorded no 

significant violations in 2001. 

• 77% of the population served by public water 

systems received drinking water from a 

system that reported no violations of a 

Users Served by PWS 

Without Reported Significant Violations 

77% 

23% 

3	 Because only 3% of public water systems are “medium” in size, i.e., serve between 3,301 and 10,000 users, and because only 

9% of the population is served by them, this report omits discussion of “medium” systems. 

September 2003 • Page 4 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
health-based standard, was not cited for a 

significant violation of a monitoring and 

reporting requirement, and issued a 

consumer confidence report, if required. 

•	 76% of the population served by community 

water systems received drinking water from 

a system that reported no violations of a 

health-based standard, was not cited for a 

significant violation of a monitoring and 

reporting requirement, and issued a 

consumer confidence report as required. 

The vast majority of the 110,464 violations 

the states reported to SDWIS/FED in 2001 

were for a public water system’s significant 

failure to monitor and report, rather than 

health-based MCL or treatment technique 

violations detected and reported by a system. 

•	 During 2001, there was a substantial increase 

in the total number of significant violations of 

monitoring and reporting requirements for 

the chemical contaminant group. The 

increase in significant violations for the 

chemical contaminant group in turn 

increased the total number of monitoring and 

reporting violations. EPA believes that the 

major reason for this substantial increase 

was that 2001 was the end of a three-year 

monitoring period for chemical contaminant 

monitoring by systems. This report is, 

therefore, composed of data on chemical 

monitoring violations that occurred in 2001 

and other chemical monitoring violations for 

the three-year monitoring period of 1999 

through 2001. 

Type of Reported Significant Violations 

80% 

7% 13% 

Monitoring and Reporting 

Health-Based 

•	 If a system did not monitor the quality of its 

water, it is impossible to know if it has 

violated a health-based requirement. For this 

reason, a system’s significant failure to 

monitor and report is a major violation that 

must be addressed and corrected. 

•	 38% of the 88,412 significant monitoring and 

reporting violations reported by the states 

were violations of the monitoring and 

reporting requirements of the Total Coliform 

Rule, a rule that applies to all types and sizes 

of public water systems. 

94% of America’s public water systems 

reported no violations of a health-based 

drinking water standard in 2001. 

PWS With No Reported Health-Based Violations 

6% 

94% 

Systems with Reported Health-Based Violations 

Systems with No Reported Health-Based Violations 

Monitoring and Reporting CCR 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 5 • September 2003 
Health-Based Violations and Illness


It is important to note that a public water system's 

violation of a health-based standard does not mean 

that the people who drank the system's water got 

sick. A health-based violation means either that the 

system has exposed its users to what EPA has judged 

as an unreasonable risk of illness, or that the system 

has failed to treat its water to the extent EPA has 

judged necessary to protect its users from an 

unreasonable risk of illness in the event that the 

regulated contaminant is present in source water. 

Many variables affect the likelihood of illness resulting 

from health-based violations, among them the 

duration of the violation, whether or not the violation 

occurred in an isolated section of a complex public 

water system, and the extent to which contamination 

exceeds the allowable level. While modern treatment 

systems have substantially reduced the incidence of 

waterborne disease, drinking water contamination 

remains a significant health risk management 

challenge. Studies by the Centers for Disease Control 

(CDC) indicate that between 1980 and 1998 there 

were 419 outbreaks of illness linked to contamination 

in drinking water resulting in an estimated 511,000 

cases of disease (Craun and Calderon, 1996; Levy et 

al., 1998; Barwick et al., 2000). The majority of 

outbreaks in the U.S. occurred at surface water 

systems. Nearly 80% of all reported cases of illness 

were associated with the 1993 Cryptosporidium

outbreak in Milwaukee, WI, which resulted in an 

estimated 403,000 cases (MacKenzie et al. 1994; 

McDonald et al. 2001). 

The number of waterborne disease outbreaks 

identified and reported in the CDC database is 

believed, however, to understate the actual incidence 

of outbreaks and cases of illness (Craun and 

Calderon, 1996; National Research Council, 1997). 

Recognized and reported waterborne disease 

outbreaks are usually the result of exposure to 

waterborne pathogens that cause acute 

gastrointestinal illness with diarrhea, abdominal 

discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Because such 

illnesses are generally of short duration in healthy 

people, many individuals experiencing these 

symptoms do not seek medical attention. Where 

medical attention is sought, the pathogenic agent may 

not be identified through routine testing. 

Consequently, outbreaks are often not recognized in a 

community or, if recognized, are not traced to a 

drinking water source. Moreover, an unknown but 

probably significant portion of waterborne disease is 

endemic (i.e., isolated cases not associated with an 

outbreak) and, thus, is even more difficult to 

recognize. 

EPA's health-based standards are intended to provide 

an adequate margin of safety not just for healthy 

people, but also for populations that are at greater 

risk from waterborne disease. These sensitive 

subpopulations include children (especially the very 

young), the elderly, the malnourished, pregnant 

women, the disease-impaired (e.g., those with 

diabetes, cystic fibrosis), and a broad category of 

those with compromised immune systems, such as 

AIDS patients, those with autoimmune disorders (e.g., 

rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple 

sclerosis), transplant recipients, and those on 

chemotherapy (Rose, 1997). Immunocompromised 

persons are more likely than healthy individuals to 

contract waterborne disease, the severity and duration 

of their illness is often greater, and they are at a 

greater risk of death. 

September 2003 • Page 6 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
The Maximum Contaminant Level for the Total 

Coliform Rule (TCR) is the health-based 

standard most frequently violated. 

Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule 

90% 

80% 

70% 

60% 

50% 

40% 

30% 

20% 

10% 

0% 

Chem TCR LCR SWTR 

7% 

71% 

6% 

16% 

100% 

Percentage of Health-Based Violations 

•	 SDWIS/FED recorded 14,334 violations of 

health-based standards in 2001. 71% of these 

violations were violations of the MCL for the 

Total Coliform Rule (TCR), which must be 

met by all types and sizes of public water 

systems.4 

As reported to SDWIS/FED, 88% of community 

water systems complied with the Consumer 

Confidence Report Rule. 

•	 The Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule 

requires all community water systems to 

provide an annual report to customers 

identifying the contaminants detected in their 

water and the health risks associated with 

those contaminants. 

•	 In calendar year 2001, 6,485 community 

water systems were found to have a 

“significant” violation of the CCR Rule, 

meaning that the community water system 

completely failed to provide the required 

report. 

No violations of variances or exemptions were 

reported to SDWIS/FED during 2001. 

•	 Under Federal law, states can grant variances 

or exemptions to public water systems in 

limited circumstances allowing them to install 

alternative technology or giving them more 

time to meet a standard if public health is 

adequately protected in the interim. The 

states did not report any violations of 

variances and exemptions for the few public 

water systems that were operating under a 

variance or exemption in 2001. 

EPA and its state partners continue to take 

enforcement actions against violators.5 

During 2001, the 55 states (a term that included 

states, commonwealths, territories and tribes) 

with federal approval to implement the drinking 

water program were also responsible for 

initiating enforcement actions in response to 

drinking water violations at public water 

systems in their jurisdictions. EPA implemented 

the drinking water program in Wyoming, the 

District of Columbia, and in Indian country, 

except for the Navajo Nation. The Agency initiated 

enforcement responses in these areas and, 

occasionally, in the states, which is usually at a 

state’s invitation. Together, EPA and the states 

initiated over 1,000 formal enforcement actions, 

each action potentially addressing multiple 

violations. 

•	 In 2001 the states issued a total of 752 

formal enforcement actions, including 392 

administrative orders without penalty, 332 

administrative orders with penalty, and 29 

civil referrals to the states’ Attorneys General. 

•	 During the same period, EPA issued a total of 

338 formal enforcement actions, including 

335 Federal administrative orders, one civil 

case filed, and three referrals to the 

Department of Justice for civil judicial action. 

In 2000 community water systems of all sizes 

4 For the annual compliance reports, EPA tracks violations of the contaminant rules in four categories: 1) chemical contaminants (Chem) — violations of rules for organic, inorganic (except for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants — 

compliance with many organic and inorganic standards is determined on the basis of shared samples, with one missed sample 

resulting in a monitoring and reporting violation of many standards; 2) total coliform (TCR); 3) lead and copper (LCR); and 

4) surface water treatment (SWTR). Coliform bacteria are usually not a threat to humans, but their presence in drinking 

water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, more dangerous, microbes. 

5	 There are several reasons why there will be a difference between the number of violations in a year and the number of formal 

enforcement responses. For example, a state may choose to address a system's violations informally in a manner that returns 

the system to compliance before the time interval has elapsed that by EPA guidance would necessitate initiation of a formal 

enforcement response. Also, it is not uncommon for the regulator to address all of a violating system's multiple violations in 

a single enforcement response. In addition, formal enforcement responses addressing violations discovered late in one 

reporting year are generally not initiated until early in the following year. 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 7 • September 2003 
were required for the first time to comply 

with the Consumer Confidence Report 

requirements. All community water systems 

were required to prepare and distribute a 

brief annual water quality report. Many of the 

systems, particularly the smaller systems, did 

not comply with the requirements. As the 

EPA had primacy for the Consumer 

Confidence Report regulation, it initiated the 

enforcement actions against those systems. 

These enforcement actions significantly 

increased the number of federal enforcement 

actions in 2000 compared to the number of 

federal enforcement actions taken by EPA in 

the previous year. In the following year of 

2001, the number of violations for the 

Consumer Confidence Report decreased 

significantly; likewise, the federal 

enforcement actions pertaining to this 

regulation also decreased significantly. 

These totals do not take into account the 

informal enforcement actions or the public water 

systems that returned to compliance before EPA 

and state procedures would require initiation of a 

formal response. 

EPA designates a public water system a significant noncomplier if the system has serious, 

frequent or persistent violations that may pose a 

threat to public health. States and EPA give 

significant noncompliers priority attention in 

their efforts to return violators to compliance and 

address violations with enforcement actions. For 

2001 EPA and the states focused more of their 

attention on returning to compliance significant 

noncompliers that were identified as such in 

2000 and earlier, as there were less systems 

identified in 2001 as significant noncompliers.6 

•	 In calendar year 2001, EPA designated 15,407 

public water systems significant noncompliers. 

Most (98%) of these significant noncompliers 

served 3,300 or fewer users. Most (10,466) of 

these 15,407 systems were unaddressed 

significant noncompliers from the end of 2000. 

•	 In 2001 states and EPA addressed 7,806 

noncompliers. This was a 21% increase over 

the number of noncompliers addressed in 

2000. Of the noncompliers addressed, 2,754 

were new noncompliers identified in 2001. 

The other 5,052 systems addressed were 

identified as noncompliers in 2000 and earlier. 

Over 70% of the significant noncompliers 

serving more than 3,300 users were addressed 

by EPA and the states. 

•	 At the end of 2001, there were 2,187 new and 

5,414 old significant violators that had not 

been addressed. Just over 2% of these 

unaddressed significant noncompliers served 

more than 3,300 users. 

DATA QUALITY 

The data used in this report came from EPA’s 

national SDWIS/FED database. SDWIS/FED is 

composed of data that states are required to 

submit to SDWIS/FED each quarter. EPA uses 

information in SDWIS/FED to assess progress in 

the implementation of regulations, to develop 

national enforcement and compliance priorities, 

and to provide information to the public. 

EPA periodically conducts data verifications 

(independent, on-site audits) of state drinking 

water programs to ensure that the state is 

determining compliance in accordance with 

Federal regulations. Data verifications help detect 

differences between data in a state’s files 

(whether electronic or hard copy), and data in 

SDWIS/FED. 

As part of the ongoing data reliability efforts 

described in past National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Reports, EPA examined the results of 

data verifications conducted from 1996 through 

1998. Those audits, which covered 27 states 

(including one where EPA itself administers the 

drinking water program) and one territory, 

analyzed data from almost 1,800 public water 

systems. The data audits reviewed inventory 

information (identifying systems, their number, 

their size, and their type), apparent violations 

that either were reported or should have been 

reported, and any enforcement actions initiated. 

EPA’s review showed that the quality of the 

information the states reported to SDWIS/FED is 

high, but the data are incomplete. This finding 

principally reflects differences between state and 

EPA regulatory interpretation rather than a 

preponderance of data management issues. Most 

of the SDWIS/FED data quality problems EPA 

identified were instances where violations that 

6 Public water systems designated significant noncompliers late in the year are typically addressed early in the next year. 

September 2003 • Page 8 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
should have been recorded and reported did not 

appear in SDWIS/FED. EPA found that a small 

percentage of this incompleteness is because 

SDWIS/FED will accept only properly transferred 

data. 

EPA’s analysis of the data verifications found: 

•	 96% of all inventory data in SDWIS/FED was 

accurate and complete. 

•	 The overall quality of SDWIS/FED violations 

data is moderately high (estimated at 68%) 

for the Total Coliform Rule standard, but is 

very low for other health-based standards 

and for monitoring and reporting. 

•	 Most of the discrepancies between apparent 

and reported violations are because of 

unrecorded and unreported violations. This 

accounts for 56% of all discrepancies related 

to maximum contaminant level violations, 

83% of discrepancies related to Surface Water 

Treatment Rule treatment technique 

violations, and 94% of all discrepancies 

related to monitoring and reporting 

violations. 

•	 Only 10% of apparent monitoring and 

reporting violations had been reported to 

SDWIS/FED. 

•	 55% of the apparent MCL violations had been 

reported to SDWIS/FED. 

•	 SDWIS/FED contained accurate and complete 

information on 72% of the enforcement 

actions found in the states’ records. 

•	 This report is not a measure of the quality of 

drinking water itself. 

EPA continues to work with all of its state 

partners to identify and resolve any problems 

that may have produced data discrepancies in the 

past, and to ensure that complete and accurate 

documentation is available to help assess the 

safety of our nation’s drinking water. 

In 2001, EPA continued to implement actions 

under the draft 1998 National Infrastructure 

Assurance Plan: Water Supply Section for the 

purpose of improving the security of the critical 

drinking water infrastructure. The Agency also 

has in place as a counter-terrorism measure a 

policy restricting the availability of location data 

on PWS intakes and wells, and continues a 

public/private partnership with water utilities to 

improve the security of our drinking water. 

ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE 

ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 

States and EPA engage in a variety of activities to 

help public water systems remain in and return 

to compliance, including formal enforcement 

actions, informal actions, and compliance and 

technical assistance. State and EPA compliance 

assistance efforts to help a source remain in or 

return to compliance may include: 

•	 conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys 

at public water systems (i.e., an on-site 

review of the water sources, facilities, 

equipment, operations, and maintenance to 

evaluate their adequacy in producing and 

distributing safe drinking water); 

•	 helping systems invest in preventive 

measures; 

•	 providing financial assistance for system 

improvements through the Drinking Water 

State Revolving Fund and other State funding 

programs; 

•	 reviewing water system plans and 

specifications; 

• conducting training sessions; 

• holding public information meetings; 

•	 lending specialized monitoring equipment; 

and 

•	 publishing informational bulletins and 

newsletters on training events and other 

educational opportunities. 

When a drinking water violation is detected and 

it is determined that compliance assistance is not 

the best tool to return a source to compliance, 

EPA guidelines require a response from the 

primacy agency as a condition of funding. 

Acceptable responses include a variety of formal 

and informal actions as the state or EPA attempts 

to return a violating public water system to 

compliance as quickly as possible. 

Generally, the primacy agency’s first responses to 

violations are informal actions, such as: 

• reminder letters; 

• warning letters; 

• notices of violation; 

• field visits; and 

• telephone calls. 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 9 • September 2003 
If the violation continues or recurs, the primacy 

agency must initiate a formal enforcement 

response that requires the violating public water 

system to return to compliance. Formal 

enforcement responses include: 

• citations; 

•	 administrative orders with or without 

penalties; 

•	 civil referrals to state attorneys general or to 

the Department of Justice; 

•	 other sanctions such as denying permission 

for system expansion; and 

• filing criminal charges. 

If a situation poses an imminent risk to public 

health, EPA and the state will issue an emergency 

order that requires the public water system to 

take the steps necessary to protect public health 

and return the system to compliance. 

INFORMATION ON AND 

EVALUATION OF STATE REPORTS 

EPA reviewed each 2001 annual state report to 

determine if it met the requirements of the 1996 

Amendments to SDWA. The contents of the state 

reports are summarized in Table B–1 in 

Appendix B. Table B–1 shows whether a state: 

• submitted a report to EPA; 

• included all required elements; 

•	 satisfied its statutory requirement to publish 

and distribute summaries of the report that 

inform the public of the availability of the full 

report; 

•	 identified the size and type of violating 

systems; 

•	 discussed the compliance assistance and 

enforcement activities the state undertook in 

response to violations; 

•	 included a list of PWSs with MCL or 

treatment technique violations, as EPA 

recommended in its guidance to states on 

preparing their reports; 

•	 provided information to the public on 

availability of the reports; and 

•	 included additional information of interest to 

the public, such as the number of public 

water systems in the state, their sizes and 

types, and background on the Safe Drinking 

Water Act and its implementation. 

STATE-BY-STATE SUMMARIES 

EPA provides a state-by-state summary of 

information reported in each state report in 

Appendix B. The standardized format includes 

an overall summary of the violations data the 

Safe Drinking Water Act requires states to report 

(i.e., violations with respect to MCLs, treatment 

technique violations, significant monitoring and 

reporting violations, and variances and 

exemptions). The summary for each state also 

tells how to obtain a copy of the state’s full 

report. 

In some instances, the data reported by a state in 

July of 2002 may not agree with data currently in 

SDWIS/FED. EPA’s and the states’ continual 

efforts to ensure that the information in the 

SDWIS/FED database is as accurate as possible 

may have resulted in updates and corrections to 

the data since the state published its report. 

CONCLUSIONS AND ACTIVITIES TO 

ADDRESS RECOMMENDATIONS 

Most Americans received water from systems 

which reported no violations of health-based 

standards, and for which the states reported no 

significant violations of monitoring and reporting 

requirements. 

There are significant differences in the numbers 

of violations reported in 2000 and 2001, most 

notably a 14% overall increase in violations. The 

number of significant violations of monitoring 

and reporting requirements increased by about 

13,200 — a 18% increase in violations between 

2000 and 2001. In 2001, America’s public water 

systems detected and reported 689 more 

violations of health-based standards — a 5% 

increase from 2000. 

In 2001, States reported the largest number of 

violations for the Chemical Contaminant Group. 

The 43,353 significant violations of monitoring 

September 2003 • Page 10 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
and reporting requirements of the Chemical 

Contaminant Group represent 49% of all 

significant monitoring and reporting violations 

reported by the states in 2001. The total number 

of Chemical Contaminant Group violations 

increased by 51% from 2000. This increase 

resulted mostly from significant monitoring and 

reporting violations, which increased 53%, and 

not health-based violations, which increased 1%. 

EPA believes that the major reason for this 

substantial increase was that 2001 was the end 

of a three-year monitoring period for chemical 

contaminant monitoring by systems. This report 

is, therefore, composed of data on chemical 

monitoring violations that occurred in 2001 and 

other chemical monitoring violations for the 

three-year monitoring period of 1999 through 

2001. The most violated health-based standard 

continues to be the Total Coliform Rule. The 

10,179 violations of the health-based standards 

for the Total Coliform Rule represent 71% of all 

reported violations of health-based standards in 

2001. For community water systems, the number 

of Total Coliform Rule violations increased 

slightly from 2000. Health-based violations of the 

rule increased 1%, while significant monitoring 

and reporting violations increased 6%. 

The following recommendations were 

incorporated into EPA’s enforcement and 

compliance assurance program planning for 

Fiscal Years 2000 and 2001. 

States and EPA should continue working 

together to address significant violations of 

monitoring and reporting requirements. 

States and EPA should continue working 

together to address violations of MCL and 

treatment technique requirements. 

EPA continues to designate compliance with the 

SDWA microbial rules (the Total Coliform Rule 

and the Surface Water Treatment Rule) as a 

national priority for its enforcement and 

compliance assurance program. 

EPA Regions are working with states to evaluate 

how well public water systems, especially large 

systems, comply with the microbial rules and 

whether enforcement actions are being initiated 

when appropriate. Regions and states are also 

identifying and evaluating microbial risks to 

watersheds in an attempt to focus enforcement 

and compliance efforts on ensuring the safety of 

drinking water sources. Considerable effort will 

also be devoted to training and compliance 

assistance. EPA will work to build the capacity of 

small public water systems and Indian tribes to 

maintain compliance both with established rules 

and with new microbial rules such as the Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the 

Ground Water Rule. 

With respect to the rest of the drinking water 

program, states and EPA are continuing their 

efforts to implement the recommendations of the 

national public water system reports: 

•	 EPA provides funding to support nine 

technology assistance centers that help small 

systems with training, technical assistance, 

and technology demonstrations. 

•	 States and EPA help promote compliance 

with existing drinking water requirements by 

conducting numerous assistance activities, 

such as on-site visits and the development 

and distribution of easy-to-read guides and 

checklists. 

•	 EPA funding established and maintains the 

Local Government Environmental Assistance 

Network (LGEAN), a source of free 

information on current and developing SDWA 

requirements (as well as technical assistance, 

peer counseling, and financial guidance). 

LGEAN can be accessed on the Internet at 

www.lgean.org or by calling toll-free 1-877-

TO-LGEAN (865-4326). 

•	 EPA is developing a list of approved 

compliance technologies that will encourage 

small systems to use the existing flexibility in 

the regulations in selecting treatment for 

drinking water while still providing adequate 

public health protection. 

•	 The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement 

actions against violating public water systems 

both to discourage violations and to level the 

playing field for systems that devote 

resources to maintaining compliance. 

EPA, states, and drinking water stakeholders 

should continue to work cooperatively to 

improve the quality of compliance data. 

Since September 1998, the findings and 

recommendations of the national public water 

systems reports have been incorporated into 

EPA’s ongoing efforts to ensure the reliability of 

data in SDWIS/FED. In its first national report, 

EPA noted that compliance data in many 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary Page 11 • September 2003 
individual state reports differed from the data 

reported to SDWIS/FED. In 1998, EPA, states, 

and drinking water stakeholders agreed that our 

data quality goal should be “100% complete, 

accurate, and timely data submitted by public 

water systems and primacy agencies, consistent 

with SDWA reporting requirements.” Further 

analysis and discussions among the stakeholders 

led to establishment of interim milestones for 

how soon that goal will be achieved. 

EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders 

made significant progress on most of the data 

recommendations of the earlier national reports 

— in some instances achieving full 

implementation. Among the major 

accomplishments, EPA has: 

•	 improved the display of drinking water data 

in Envirofacts; 

•	 characterized and quantified the data quality 

problem; 

•	 taken interim steps to improve data quality, 

including improvements to the data entry 

tools states use to put information in 

SDWIS/FED and provision of a mechanism 

that enables water systems to confirm the 

accuracy of data before it is accepted by 

SDWIS/FED; and 

•	 made a long-term commitment to achieve and 

maintain data quality goals. 

More remains to be done to achieve the goal of 

100% accurate, complete, and timely 

information. Some of the next steps EPA, states, 

and the drinking water stakeholders have agreed 

to undertake include: 

•	 streamlining data reporting and reducing rule 

complexity; 

•	 conducting more training to ensure regulatory 

staff can accurately determine compliance 

with drinking water rules and data entry staff 

can upload complete and accurate data to 

SDWIS/FED; 

•	 making SDWIS/FED error reports more user 

friendly and understandable to state drinking 

water managers; 

•	 encouraging states to issue annual reminders 

to water systems of their compliance 

monitoring schedules; 

•	 providing states with individual, prioritized 

recommendations for improving their data 

quality; 

•	 performing more frequent data verification 

audits; and 

•	 calculating estimates for SDWIS/FED data 

quality every 3 years, or more frequently if 

data from a sufficient number of data 

verifications are available. 

September 2003 • Page 12 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary 
National Summary of Compliance for Public 

Water Systems in Indian Country in 2001 

INTRODUCTION 

This section of the 2001 National Public Water 

Systems Compliance Report describes how the 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and 

federally-recognized Indian tribes (tribes) are 

meeting the goal of ensuring that public water 

systems in Indian country provide safe drinking 

water. 

PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN 

INDIAN COUNTRY 

Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary 

enforcement authority (known as primacy) to 

administer the drinking water program provided 

they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and 

1451 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As 

of 2001, only the Navajo Nation has received 

primacy for most public water systems on the 

Navajo Reservation. For the purposes of this 

report, EPA, therefore, administers the drinking 

water program in the rest of Indian country. 

A glossary of terms used in this report appears 

in Appendix A. A map of the areas covered by 

this section appears in Appendix C. 

PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN 

ALASKA AND OKLAHOMA 

Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages 

outside of Indian country are not included in this 

section of the report. Similarly, compliance 

figures for 18 public water systems in Indian 

country located in Oklahoma are not included in 

this section of the report. In both cases, this 

information is found in the state reports for 

Alaska and Oklahoma, respectively. The state 

reports do not, however, contain separate 

information on these public water systems. 

DATA QUALITY 

This report uses information from the Safe 

Drinking Water Information System/Federal 

Version (SDWIS/FED). SDWIS/FED is the national 

database where EPA records information on 

public water systems in Indian country. Public 

water systems in Indian country are required to 

report laboratory data to EPA. EPA uses the 

information to determine compliance with the 

national primary drinking water regulations of 

SDWA. 

This report also discusses the limitations in the 

data EPA uses to measure its success and the 

steps it is taking to increase data reliability and 

completeness. The report also discusses EPA’s 

compliance assistance, enforcement, and 

financial assistance programs. EPA plans to 

continue its data quality efforts during 2002 to 

ensure that SDWIS/FED contains complete and 

accurate information. A complete discussion of 

data quality is in the National Summary of Public 

Water Systems Compliance in 2001 under the 

section entitled Data Quality. 

FINDINGS 

In 2001, 974 public water systems in Indian 

country served 734,684 users. 

•	 754 community water systems served 

617,617 people in their primary residences. 

•	 113 non-transient non-community systems 

(schools and factories) served 92,863 people 

in places they frequented. 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country Page 13 • September 2003 
•	 107 transient non-community systems 

(campgrounds and highway rest stops) served 

24,204 people who passed through. 

Percentage of Systems by Type 

77% 

12% 

11% 

Community 

Transient Non-Community 

Non-Transient Non-Community 

Almost all public water systems in Indian 

country were small. These small systems 

provide drinking water to the majority of the 

public who drank water in Indian country. 

•	 Over 95% of public water systems in Indian 

country serve 3,300 or fewer people. These 

930 small systems served 62% of the people 

who received water from public water 

systems in Indian country. Conversely, 44 

public water systems in Indian country serve 

38% of the people who received water from 

public water systems in Indian country. 

SDWIS/FED records no violations for most 

public water systems in Indian country. 

•	 588 of 974 water systems (60%) had no 

reported health-based or significant reporting 

violations. 

95% of public water systems in Indian country 

reported no violations of a health-based 

drinking water standard in 2001. 

• 92 health-based violations in Indian country, 

including multiple violations by some 

systems, were reported to SDWIS/FED in 

2001. The Maximum Contaminant Level 

(MCL) for the Total Coliform Rule (92%) was 

the health-based standard most frequently 

violated. 

0% 

10% 

20% 

30% 

40% 

50% 

60% 

70% 

80% 

90% 

100% 

Chem TCR LCR SWTR 

Percentage of Health-Based Violations 

60% 

40% 

0% 0% 

8% 

92% 

Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule 

Systems with Reported Significant Violations 

September 2003 • Page 14 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country 
The vast majority of violations reported to 

SDWIS/FED in 2001 were for a public water 

system’s significant failure to monitor and 

report, rather than for a health-based MCL or 

a treatment technique violation detected and 

reported. 

•	 Of the 1,185 violations reported to 

SDWIS/FED in 2001, 983 (83%) were 

significant violations of monitoring and 

reporting requirements. If a system did not 

monitor the quality of its water, it is 

impossible to know if it has violated healthbased requirements. 

•	 Public water systems in Indian country 

represent 0.6% of all public water systems in 

the United States but were responsible for 

1.1% of all monitoring and reporting 

violations at public water systems reported to 

SDWIS/FED in 2001. 

Type of Violations 

83% 

8% 

9% 

Health-based 

Monitoring and Reporting 

CCR 

As reported to SDWIS/FED, 93% of community 

water systems in Indian country complied with 

the Consumer Confidence Report Rule. 

•	 The Consumer Confidence Report Rule 

requires all community water systems to 

provide an annual report to customers 

identifying the contaminants detected in their 

water and the health risks associated with 

those contaminants. 

•	 In calendar year 2001, 70 community water 

systems in Indian country were found to have 

a “significant” violation of the Consumer 

Confidence Report Rule, meaning that the 

community water system completely failed to 

provide the required report. 

COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE 

AND ENFORCEMENT 

EPA uses multiple approaches to ensure public 

water systems in Indian country comply with 

SDWA regulations. 

EPA’s tribal compliance assistance program is 

designed to help maintain compliance with SDWA 

by building cooperative working relationships 

with utility managers, operators, other tribal 

environmental staff, and tribal elected officials. 

The program emphasizes information exchanges, 

operation assistance, and water quality 

monitoring. 

EPA gives information and assistance directly to 

tribal public water system operators, utility 

managers, and owners through training sessions, 

newsletters, telephone support, and system visits. 

On-site technical assistance is provided by 

engineers and qualified staff who work with 

tribes to assess current compliance status, 

develop monitoring schedules and compliance 

plans, and conduct sanitary surveys. EPA 

coordinates many of these activities with other 

federal agencies, including the Indian Health 

Service and the Bureau of Reclamation. 

Coordination also occurs with non-governmental 

organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including 

the Native American Water Association, the Rural 

Water Association, and the Rural Community 

Assistance Corporation. 

EPA is also responsible for initiating enforcement 

actions against owners or operators of public 

water systems in Indian country if a system is not 

in compliance with SDWA. In most cases, EPA 

relies on compliance assistance and informal 

enforcement actions to facilitate a tribally-owned 

or -managed public water system’s return to 

compliance. When a formal enforcement action is 

appropriate, EPA can initiate administrative 

orders, including emergency administrative 

orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the 

Department of Justice. The “EPA Policy for the 

Administration of Environmental Programs on 

Indian Reservations” (EPA Indian Policy, 11/8/84) 

and the “Guidance on the Enforcement Principles 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country Page 15 • September 2003 
Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy” (EPA Tribal 

Enforcement Principles) guide the Agency’s 

approach to bringing civil administrative or 

judicial enforcement actions against systems 

owned, operated, or managed by tribal 

governments. 

Public water systems are required to monitor for 

89 different contaminants and conduct analyses 

using a variety of EPA-approved analytical 

methods. Where a system fails to perform 

monitoring for some or all of the required 

contaminants, a separate monitoring and 

reporting violation is recorded for each missed 

contaminant. Each of these violations is 

enforceable. 

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE 

EPA provides financial assistance to public water 

systems in Indian country to help build tribal 

capacity to operate and maintain systems in 

compliance with SDWA. Capacity building is a 

long-term solution which focuses on giving tribes 

grants, training, and technical assistance as they 

develop their environmental programs. EPA’s 

General Assistance Program builds tribal 

capacity by providing grants to plan, develop, and 

establish environmental protection programs, 

including drinking water programs. 

EPA also distributes funds for specific drinking 

water program priorities. EPA allotted 

approximately $2.7 million (3% of the set-aside of 

public water systems appropriations) for 

implementing the Tribal Public Water System 

Supervision Program in each of the last four 

fiscal years — fiscal year 1998, fiscal year 1999, 

fiscal year 2000, and fiscal year 2001. Through 

this program, EPA awarded a number of grants 

to tribes and tribal organizations to address 

various aspects of the drinking water program. 

In addition to the 3% set-aside, EPA received an 

additional $3 to $4 million in each of the last 

four fiscal years for drinking water needs on 

Indian lands. EPA is focusing on activities such 

as: 

• capacity development projects; 

•	 source water and wellhead protection 

projects; 

•	 development of a voluntary operator 

certification program for tribes; 

•	 provision of operator training and 

certification to tribal operators; 

• consolidation of PWSs; 

• distribution system improvements; 

• community water system extensions; 

• replacement of water mains; 

• adding new wells; 

• treatment improvements; and 

• construction of new pumphouses. 

In the 1996 Amendments to SDWA, an 

infrastructure funding program was established 

to improve water supplies. Each year, 1.5% of the 

appropriation for the national Drinking Water 

State Revolving Fund program is set aside for 

American Indian communities and Alaska Native 

Villages. The initial set-aside from the 1997 

appropriation amounted to $19.25 million. 

Subsequent set-asides have been: $10.87 million 

in fiscal year 1998; $11.625 million in fiscal year 

1999; $12.3 million in fiscal year 2000; and 

$12.347 million in fiscal year 2001. 

Finally, technical assistance and training for 

small tribally-owned or -operated public water 

systems are also provided. For example, EPA 

currently has three cooperative agreements with 

the National Rural Water Association to provide 

support to small public water systems, including 

those owned or operated by tribes. Through the 

cooperative agreements, small tribal public water 

systems receive information on training and 

technical assistance, wellhead and ground water 

protection, and source water protection. 

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

In 2001, EPA Regions reported that 40% of the 

public water systems in Indian country reported 

a violation of a health-based standard, a 

significant monitoring and reporting violation, or 

a significant consumer notification violation. This 

represents an overall increase from 2000 when 

35% of facilities reported a violation of a healthbased standard, a significant monitoring and 

reporting violation, or a significant consumer 

notification violation. A factor that contributed to 

this increase in the number of systems with 

violations in 2001 is that public water systems 

and EPA continued to address data quality issues 

September 2003 • Page 16 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country 
that have led to the identification of additional 

systems with violations. 

During 2001, there was a noticeable decrease in 

the total number of significant violations of 

monitoring and reporting requirements in Indian 

country from 1,183 in 2000 to 983 in 2001. 

EPA continues to implement two primary 

recommendations from previous reports: 

(1) improve collection and maintenance of 

compliance data for public water systems in 

Indian country; and (2) place a priority on 

decreasing the number of monitoring and 

reporting violations to gain a full understanding 

of whether health-based violations exist. EPA will 

accomplish these recommendations by: 

•	 continuing to work cooperatively with tribal 

governments and their utility managers and 

water system operators to improve 

compliance with monitoring and reporting 

requirements and with health-based 

standards, particularly the Total Coliform 

Rule and Surface Water Treatment Rule; 

•	 increasing EPA’s field presence, conducting 

more frequent sanitary surveys, and engaging 

in targeted technical and compliance 

assistance and enforcement; 

•	 improving the inventory of public water 

systems in Indian country; 

•	 improving the collection and entry into 

SDWIS/FED of compliance and enforcement 

information in a timely manner to avoid 

keeping multiple records; 

•	 continuing to support and encourage capital 

improvements for public water systems to 

improve the infrastructure (and therefore 

compliance with SDWA requirements) of 

public water systems in Indian country, 

including grants provided under the Drinking 

Water Tribal Infrastructure Improvement 

Program; and 

•	 focusing on small system compliance issues 

and the development of small system 

capacity. 

Ultimately, EPA continues to respond to 

compliance and enforcement issues at public 

water systems owned, operated, or managed by 

tribal governments in a manner consistent with 

SDWA, the EPA Indian Policy, and the EPA Tribal 

Enforcement Principles. As such, EPA usually 

emphasizes compliance assistance as the first 

step in returning these systems to compliance. 

Where compliance assistance is ineffective or 

where, among other things, there is a significant 

threat to human health or the environment, EPA 

takes appropriate steps to return systems to 

compliance, including formal enforcement 

actions. 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country Page 17 • September 2003 

Appendix A


Glossary of Terms


Administrative Order 

Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a 

State to address noncompliance at a public water 

system, usually by means of a compliance 

schedule with enforceable milestone dates. 

Chemical Rules 

Refers collectively to regulations that protect the 

public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals, 

inorganic chemicals (including lead and copper), 

and radioactivity in drinking water. 

Community Water System 

A public water system that serves at least 15 

service connections used by year-round residents 

or regularly serves at least 25 year-round 

residents (e.g., homes, apartments and 

condominiums that are occupied year-round as 

primary residences). 

Consumer Confidence Rule 

Requires community water systems to prepare 

and provide to their customers annual consumer 

confidence reports on the quality of the water 

delivered by the systems. 

Federally-recognized Indian Tribe 

An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, 

community, or Alaska Native Village that the 

Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as 

an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally 

Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, 25 

U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the 

Department of the Interior, the list of federallyrecognized tribes is updated periodically and 

published in the Federal Register. The latest list 

of federally-recognized Indian tribes is available 

at 65 Federal Register 12398 (March 13, 2000). 

Health-based Violation 

A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant 

Level or a Treatment Technique requirement. 

Inorganic Chemicals 

These non-carbon based compounds (such as 

metals, nitrates, and asbestos) can either occur 

naturally in some sources of drinking water or be 

introduced by human activity. EPA has 

established MCLs for 15 inorganic contaminants. 

Violations of standards for lead and copper are 

addressed separately. 

Large System 

A public water system that serves more than 

10,000 people. 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Requires a public water system to take steps to 

minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper 

in drinking water by monitoring for these 

contaminants, installing corrosion control where 

required, and, where necessary, educating the 

public about ways to reduce exposure. A system 

may also be required to treat its source water or 

replace lead service lines. 

Maximum Contaminant Level 

The maximum permissible level of a contaminant 

in water delivered to any user of a public water 

system. 

Monitoring and Reporting Violation 

Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and 

reporting schedule or violation of contaminantspecific minimum testing schedules and 

operational reporting requirements. Those 

monitoring and reporting violations considered 

“significant” for the purposes of the state and 

national public water system compliance reports 

are described below in Table A–1. 

Nitrate and Nitrite 

Inorganic compounds that can enter water 

supplies, primarily from fertilizer runoff, 

livestock farms, and sanitary wastewater 

discharges. 

Non-transient Non-community Water System 

A non-community public water system that 

regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons 

over six months per year. A typical example of a 

non-transient non-community water system is a 

school or an office building that has its own 

water source, such as a drinking water well. 

Organic Chemicals 

These carbon-based compounds, such as 

solvents and pesticides, can enter drinking water 

through a variety of means, including factory 

discharges or runoff from crop lands. EPA has 

established MCLs for 56 organic contaminants. 

Primacy 

The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA, 

States, and Tribes to work as partners to ensure 

delivery of safe drinking water to the public. Any 

State or Indian Tribe can request responsibility 

for operation and oversight of the drinking water 

program within its borders. In order to receive 

this responsibility (called “primary enforcement 

authority” or “primacy”), a State or Tribe must 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A Page A–1 • September 2003 
show, among other things, that it has adopted 

drinking water regulations that are at least as 

stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrate 

its capacity both to enforce those regulations and 

to implement other activities necessary to ensure 

compliance. 

In the absence of State or Tribal primacy, EPA 

assumes responsibility for administering the 

drinking water program for that area. Of the 56 

eligible States (defined to include 

Commonwealths, Territories, and the District of 

Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of 

Columbia have primacy. During calendar year 

2001, the EPA Regional Offices administered the 

drinking water program within these two 

jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands, except for 

the Navajo Nation. 

Primary Drinking Water Regulations 

These are regulations that apply to public water 

systems; specify contaminants which, in the 

judgment of the Administrator, may have an 

adverse effect on the health of persons; and 

specify for each such contaminant either a 

maximum contaminant level or a treatment 

technique. 

Public Water System 

A system for the provision to the public of water 

for human consumption through pipes or other 

constructed conveyances, if such system has at 

least 15 service connections or regularly serves at 

least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the 

year. A public water system can be either a 

community water system, a non-transient noncommunity water system, or a transient noncommunity water system. 

Radionuclides 

Radioactive particles, such as radium-226, 

radium-228, gross alpha, and beta 

particle/photon radioactivity, can occur naturally 

in water or may result from human activity. EPA 

has established MCLs for beta/photon emitters, 

alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228. 

Regional Offices 

Responsible for implementing Environmental 

Protection Agency programs within their 

respective jurisdictions. Regional Offices 

cooperate with Federal, State, interstate, and 

local agencies, as well as with industry, academic 

institutions, and other private groups to ensure 

that Regional needs are addressed and that 

Federal environmental laws are upheld. 

Small Systems 

Public water systems that serve no more than 

3,300 people. 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) 

requires a public water system served by surface 

water or by ground water under the influence of 

surface water to take steps (such as disinfection, 

filtration followed by disinfection, or watershed 

control) to reduce potential exposure to 

microbiological contamination. 

Total Coliform Rule 

Establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water 

distribution systems. Although coliform bacteria, 

which are found in decaying organic material and 

in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, are 

usually not harmful to human health, their 

presence may indicate the presence of other, 

more dangerous microbial contamination. 

SDWIS/FED 

EPA’s database for collecting safe drinking water 

monitoring results from oversight agencies. 

SDWIS stands for Safe Drinking Water 

Information System. Public Water Systems are 

required to report all monitoring results to the 

primary enforcement authority. States with 

primacy, or EPA where it administers the 

program, analyze the monitoring results, 

determine compliance, and report violations to 

EPA on a quarterly basis. EPA maintains records 

of these violations in SDWIS/FED. SDWIS/FED 

records only violations, not results that 

demonstrate compliance with drinking water 

standards. 

Total Trihalomethanes 

These chemicals can be by-products of chemical 

processes used to disinfect drinking water. 

Transient Non-community Water System 

A non-community water system that regularly 

serves at least 25 people (but not the same 25) 

over six months per year. A typical example is a 

campground or a highway rest stop that has its 

own water source, such as a drinking water well. 

September 2003 • Page A–2 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A 
Treatment Technique 

In cases where EPA has determined it is not 

technically or economically feasible to establish 

an MCL, the Agency can instead specify a 

treatment technique. These are treatment 

methods required by EPA to minimize the level of 

a contaminant in drinking water. 

Variances and Exemptions 

A public water system that cannot comply with a 

drinking water standard because of poor source 

water quality, or, in the case of small systems, 

inadequate financial resources, can be granted a 

variance to comply with less stringent, but still 

protective standards based on a specific EPAapproved technology available to the system. An 

exemption allows a PWS with compelling 

circumstances (including economic 

considerations) additional time to achieve 

compliance with applicable SDWA requirements, 

so long as public health is adequately protected. 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A Page A–3 • September 2003 
TABLE A–1: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING VIOLATIONS FOR


ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM REPORTS


Rule Violation Type Description 

SDWIS 

Violation Code1 

SDWIS 

Contaminant Code 

Total Coliform Rule 

Major routine No samples collected during a 

compliance period 23 3100 

Major repeat 

No follow-up samples 

collected after a positive total 

coliform sample or no 

speciation 

25 3100

Surface Water 

Treatment Rule 

Major (filtered) 

Collected less than 90% of 

samples required during a 

compliance period 

36 None 

Major (unfiltered) 

Collected less than 90% of 

samples required during a 

compliance period 

31 None 

Lead and 

Copper Rule 

Initial lead and 

copper tap 

Either failed to collect the 

initial tap samples, and then 

failed to correct that omission 

within a) 3 months for large 

systems, b) 6 months for 

medium systems, or c) 12 

months for small systems; or 

failed to submit the associated 

report 

51 

Follow-up or 

routine lead 

and copper tap 

Failed to collect 1 or more 

required samples 52 

Phase I, II, IIB, 

and V Rules 

C

h

Regular 

monitoring 

Failed to collect any required 

samples2 03 By contaminant 

Total 

e Trihalomethanes

Regular 

monitoring 

Failed to collect any required 

samples 03 2950 

m Radionuclides Regular 

monitoring 

Failed to collect any required 

samples 03 4000, 4100, 4010 

1	 EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting 

violations associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code. 

2 Failure to collect “any required samples” means none of the required samples were collected. 

September 2003 • Page A–4 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A 
TABLE A–2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR


PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 2001


Applicability of Regulations 

Contaminant/Rule Community 

Water Systems 

Non-transient NonCommunity Water Systems Transient Non-Community 

Water Systems 

Organic Contaminants All All Only epichlorohydrin 

and acrylamide 

Total Trihalomethanes 

Contaminants 

(TTHM) 

Only systems serving more 

than 10,000 None None 

Inorganic Contaminants All All except arsenic 

and fluoride None 

Nitrate and Nitrite 

Contaminants All All All 

Radionuclides 

Contaminants All None None 

Total Coliform Rule All All All 

Surface Water Treatment 

Some 

Only PWSs using surface 

water sources or ground 

water sources under 

the direct influence of 

surface water 

Some 

Only PWSs using surface 

water sources or ground 

water sources under 

the direct influence of 

surface water 

Some 

Only PWSs using surface 

water sources or ground 

water sources under 

the direct influence of 

surface water 

Lead and Copper Rule All All None 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A Page A–5 • September 2003 

Appendix B


Summaries of State Annual


Compliance Reports


CONTENTS


Alabama .............................. B–7 

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–8 

American Samoa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–9 

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–10 

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–11 

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–12 

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–13 

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–14 

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–15 

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–16 

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–17 

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–18 

Guam ............................... B–19 

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–20 

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–21 

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–22 

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–23 

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–24 

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–25 

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–26 

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–27 

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–28 

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–29 

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–30 

Michigan.............................. B–31 

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–32 

Mississippi............................ B–33 

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–34 

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–35 

Nebraska ............................. B–36 

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–37 

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–38 

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–39 

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–40 

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–41 

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–42 

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–43 

Northern Mariana Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–44 

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–45 

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–46 

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–47 

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–48 

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–49 

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–50 

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–51 

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–52 

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–53 

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–54 

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–55 

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–56 

Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–57 

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–58 

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–59 

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–60 

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–61 

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–62 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–1 • September 2003 

This Appendix presents a summary of each state 

report in a standardized format. The format 

includes an overall summary of the violations 

data specified in Section 1414 of the 1996 Safe 

Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments (i.e., 

violations with respect to maximum contaminant 

levels (MCLs), treatment technique violations, 

significant monitoring and reporting 

requirements, significant notification violations, 

and variances and exemptions). 

This Appendix summarizes the data reported by the

States, but does not interpret it. Therefore, other factors

must be taken into account before drawing conclusions

about a State program. For example, public water systems

are required to report all violations to the State, but State

drinking water programs vary in the regulations they

choose to emphasize. A State that decided to focus

attention and resources on one particular rule may have

discovered and reported many more violations of that rule

than a State that chose to focus on a different rule. A

disproportionate number of violations in a State could also

indicate that the State needs to work with its public water

systems to improve their compliance.

Readers are cautioned to view the violations data provided

in the State summaries within the context of each State

and its individual drinking water program.

In 2001, EPA received State Public Water System 

Compliance Reports from 46 of the 54 primacy 

states, Commonwealths, and Territories. As in 

past years, American Samoa, Guam, and the 

Northern Mariana Islands did not submit reports, 

and, with limited exceptions, did not supply 

information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did not receive a 

report from California, Maine, Massachusetts, 

Minnesota, Virgin Islands, and the Navajo Nation. 

Appendix B supplies what information is available 

in SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at public 

water systems in the Pacific territories. 

Because the District of Columbia, Wyoming, and 

most Indian Tribes did not have primary 

enforcement responsibility for drinking water in 

calendar year 2001, EPA prepared reports for 

those jurisdictions. 

Violations for 2001 

EPA summarizes the number of MCL, treatment 

technique, and significant monitoring and 

reporting violations1 reported by each state in 

five categories: 

•	 Violations of chemical contaminant 

requirements2 

• Violations of the Total Coliform Rule 

• Violations of the Surface Water Treatment Rule 

• Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule 

• Significant Notification Violation 

EPA summarizes the numbers of individual 

public water systems in violation in each of these 

five categories, as reported by the state. 

If a state’s report did not include information in a 

category, EPA’s summary notes the omission. 

2001 Totals 

EPA also summarizes the total number of 

systems in each state, the total number of 

violations reported, and the total number of 

PWSs in violation, if the state reported this 

information. When states did not provide 

information on the total number of public water 

systems and/or total number of public water 

systems in violation, EPA supplied that 

information from the SDWIS/FED. 

Systems in Violation 

Systems in Violation is defined as the number of 

different systems with a reported violation of this 

type. Some states counted a system with multiple 

violations or violations in more than one category 

as one violating system. Other states counted a 

violating system each time it had a violation, or 

once for each of the regulatory categories in 

which it had a violation. If EPA’s review of a 

state’s report indicated some violating systems 

were counted more than once, an asterisk notes 

that the state’s number possibly overcounts 

violating systems. 

Variances and Exemptions 

There were no reported violations of variances 

and exemptions in 2001. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual 

Public Water Systems Report 

If a state’s report includes information on how to 

obtain a copy of the report, that information is 

provided on the state summary page in this 

Appendix. 

1	 A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations including exceptions to the definition for the Total 

Coliform Rule and Lead and Copper Rule appears in Appendix A. 

2	 MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and 

radionuclide contaminants. 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–3 • September 2003
Table B–1: Summary of Elements Reported by States

State 

Submitted 

Report 

Reported on Violation 

Categories 

Reported 

on V/E 

Provided 

Inventory 

Information 

Identified 

Size and Type 

of Violating 

Systems 

Discussed 

Compliance and 

Enforcement 

Responses 

Identified Each 

System with 

MCL and TT 

Violations 

Provided 

Information 

to Public on 

Availability 

Provided 

Additional 

Information1 CCR MCL M/R TT 

Alabama x x x x x x x

Alaska x x x x x x x x x x x x

American Samoa Did not submit report.

Arizona x x x x x x

Arkansas x x x x x x x x x x x

California Did not submit report.

Colorado x x x x x x x x x

Connecticut x x x x x x x x x x x x

Delaware x x x x x x x x x x

District of Columbia x x x x x x x x x x x x

Florida x x x x x x x

Georgia x x x x x x x x x x x

Guam Did not submit report.

Hawaii x x x x x x x x x x x x

Idaho x x x x x x x x x

Illinois x x x x x x x x x x

Indiana x x x x x x x x x x

Iowa x x x x x x x x x x

Kansas x x x x x x x x x x x

Kentucky x x x x x x x x x x

Louisiana x x x x x x x x x

Maine Did not submit report.

Maryland x x x x x x x x x x x

Massachusetts Did not submit report.

Michigan x x x x x x x x x x x

Minnesota Did not submit report.

Mississippi x x x x x x x x x

Missouri x x x x x x x x x x

Montana x x x x x x x x x x

Nebraska x x x x x x x x x x x

Nevada x x x x x

1. An “x” in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.

September 2003 • Page B–4 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Table B–1: Summary of Elements Reported by States (continued)

State 

Submitted 

Report 

Reported on Violation 

Categories 

Reported 

on V/E 

Provided 

Inventory 

Information 

Identified 

Size and Type 

of Violating 

Systems 

Discussed 

Compliance and 

Enforcement 

Responses 

Identified Each 

System with 

MCL and TT 

Violations 

Provided 

Information 

to Public on 

Availability 

Provided 

Additional 

Information1 CCR MCL M/R TT 

New Hampshire x x x x x x x x x x x x

New Jersey x x x x x x x x x x x

New Mexico x x x x x x x

New York x x x x x x x x x x x

North Carolina x x x x x x x x x

North Dakota x x x x x x x x x x

Northern Mariana Islands Did not submit report.

Ohio x x x x x x x x x x x x

Oklahoma x x x x x x x x x x x

Oregon x x x x x x x x x x x

Pennsylvania x x x x x x x x x x x

Puerto Rico x x x x x x x x x x

Rhode Island x x x x x x x x

South Carolina x x x x x x x x x x x

South Dakota x x x x x x x x x

Tennessee x x x x x x x x x x

Texas x x x x x x x x x

Utah x x x x x

Vermont x x x x x x x x x x x

Virgin Islands Did not submit report.

Virginia x x x x x x x x

Washington x x x x x x x x x x

West Virginia x x x x x x x x x

Wisconsin x x x x x x x x x x

Wyoming x x x x x x x x x

1. An “x” in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–5 • September 2003

State of Alabama 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 9 7 472 54* 

Total Coliform Rule 28 25 46 34 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 1 1 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 5 5 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 686† 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 87† 

Total Number of 

Violations 564 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Alabama’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


ADEM


Drinking Water Branch


P. O. Box 301463


Montgomery, AL


36130-1463


Web Site: http://www.adem.state.al.us/viorep2000.html


E-mail: tsd@adem.state.al.us


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–7 • September 2003 
State of Alaska 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 4 4 6,085 328 

Total Coliform Rule 53 44 1,060 528 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 192 77 479 125 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 267 220 

Consumer Confidence Report 323 207 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,584 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 845 

Total Number of 

Violations 8,463 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Alaska’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


ADEC


DW/WW Program 


555 Cordova Street


Anchorage, AK 99501 


Web Site: http://www.state.ak.us/dec/deh/water/violations.htm 


Telephone: (907) 269-7647


September 2003 • Page B–8 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
American Samoa 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 54 10 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 14 14 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 22 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 18† 

Total Number of 

Violations 68 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

American Samoa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–9 • September 2003 
State of Arizona 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 107 56 121 53 

Total Coliform Rule 157 122 62 55 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 15 15 56 15 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 319 319 

Consumer Confidence Report 278 278 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,659 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 533 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,115 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Arizona’s State Report is available by contacting:


Jeff Stuck


E-mail: stuck.jeff@ev.state.az.us


Telephone: (602) 207-4619


September 2003 • Page B–10 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Arkansas 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 21 8 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 94 78 250 168 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 125 29 87 36 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 7 7 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,135* 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 323† 

Total Number of 

Violations 584 

* Total number of PWS (1,190) and total number of PWS in operation (1,135) differ in the report. 

The total number of PWS in operation is shown here. 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Arkansas’ State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Arkansas Department of Health 


Shared Services


4815 West Markham Street


Litttle Rock, AR 72205-2032


Web Site: http://www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/


Attention: Patrick Harris, Compliance/Enforcement Officer


Telephone: (501) 661-2623


Fax: (501) 661-2032


E-mail: pharris@HealthyArkansas.com


Arkansas’ State Report is also available at all local health units in Arkansas.


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–11 • September 2003 
State of California 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 13 9 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 144 125 99 81 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 59 55 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 1,715 1,715 

Consumer Confidence Report 220 220 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6,000 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2,014 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,250 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

California did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

September 2003 • Page B–12 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Colorado 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 8 6 1,235 149 

Total Coliform Rule 50 41 403 305 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 91 36 58 19 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 63 60 

Consumer Confidence Report 9 9 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,088 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 627* 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,919 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Colorado’s State Report is available by contacting:


Sandra McDonald


E-mail: skmcdona@smtpgate.dphe.state.co.us


Telephone: (303) 692-3587


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–13 • September 2003 
State of Connecticut 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 16 10* 2,435 872* 

Total Coliform Rule 458 265 1,096 999 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 2 2 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 6 6 82 77 

Consumer Confidence Report 12 10 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 3,120 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,377† 

Total Number of 

Violations 4,107 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Connecticut’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Water Supplies Section 

Department of Public Health 

450 Capitol Avenue 

Hartford, CT 06106-1365 

Web Site: http://www.dph.state.ct.us/ 

Telephone: (860) 509-7333 

Connecticut’s State Report is also available at public libraries in Connecticut. 

September 2003 • Page B–14 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Delaware 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 16 12* 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 48 42 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 70 70 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 611 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 79 

Total Number of 

Violations 134 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Delaware’s State Report is available by contacting: 

Office of Drinking Water 

Division of Public Health 

Blue Hen Corporate Center 

655 Bay Road, Suite 203 

Dover, DE 19903 

Telephone: (302) 739-5410 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–15 • September 2003 
District of Columbia 2001 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2001


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 0 

Total Number of 

Violations 0 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

District of Columbia’s Report is available by accessing EPA Region III’s web site or by contacting:


Drinking Water Branch (3WP22)


U.S. EPA Region III


1650 Arch Street


Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029


Attention: George Rizzo, DC PWSS Program Manager


Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/links.htm


Telephone: (215) 814-5781


FAX: (215) 814-2318


E-mail: rizzo.george@epa.gov


September 2003 • Page B–16 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Florida 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 26 24* 5,256 341* 

Total Coliform Rule 264 186 966 768 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 2 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 84 78 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6,900 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,264† 

Total Number of 

Violations 6,598 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Florida’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Kenna Study


Web Site: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/Wf/default.htm


Telephone: (850) 921-9414


E-mail: Kenna.Study@dep.state.fl.us


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–17 • September 2003 
State of Georgia 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 85 68 

Total Coliform Rule 142* 145* 824 490 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 130 130 

Consumer Confidence Report 690 614 

* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown 

here. Number of systems in violation exceeds number of violations. Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,536† 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,210† 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,872 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Georgia’s State Report is available by contacting:


Department of Natural Resources


Environmental Protection Division


Drinking Water Program


Information Management Unit


2 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive


Suite 1362 East


Atlanta, GA 30334


Attention: Doug Davenport


Telephone: (404) 651-5162


September 2003 • Page B–18 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Guam 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 2 2 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 12 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2 

Total Number of 

Violations 2 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Guam did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–19 • September 2003 
State of Hawaii 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 9* 3 2 1 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 42 4 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 1 1 

* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown 

here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 132 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 8 

Total Number of 

Violations 52 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Hawaii’s State Report is available by contacting:


Hawaii Department of Health


Safe Drinking Water Branch


Environmental Management Division


919 Ala Moana Blvd., Room 308


Honolulu, HI 96814-4920


Telephone: (808) 586-4258


September 2003 • Page B–20 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Idaho 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 10* 10* 2,270* 343* 

Total Coliform Rule 168 145 615 430 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 8 8 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0* 0* 444* 309* 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

* The state has nearly completed the process of switching its data management program to SDWIS and is able to report data from 1993 to 2001 

that was left unreported in previous annual compliance reports. The numbers above represent not only violations for 2001, but all violations since 

1993. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,087 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 943* 

Total Number of 

Violations 3,515* 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Idaho’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Idaho Department of Environmental Quality’s Regional Offices or the state’s seven district health departments, or by


accessing the state’s web site.


Web Site: http://www2.state.id.us/deq/water/acr.htm


DEQ Regional Offices and District Health Departments


North Idaho


Coeur d'Alene Regional Office


2110 Ironwood Parkway


Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814


(208) 769-1422


North Central Idaho


Lewiston Regional Office


1118 F Street


Lewiston, ID 83501


(208) 799-4370


South Central Idaho


Twin Falls Regional Office


601 Pole Line Road, Suite 2


Twin Falls, ID 83301


(208) 736-2190


Southeast Idaho


Pocatello Regional Office


224 South Arthur


Pocatello, ID 83204


(208) 236-6160


Southwest Idaho


Boise Regional Office


1445 North Orchard


Boise, ID 83706-2239


(208) 373-0550


Eastern Idaho


Idaho Falls Regional Office


900 N. Skyline, Suite B


Idaho Falls, ID 83402


(208) 528-2650


Health District 1


Panhandle Health District Dept.


322 Marion


Sandpoint, ID 83864


(208) 265-6384


Health District 2


North Central District Dept.


215 10th Street


Lewiston, ID 83501


(208) 799-0353


Health District 3


Southwest District Health Dept.


920 Main Street


Caldwell, ID 83605


(208) 455-5403


Health District 4


Central District Health Dept.


707 North Armstrong Place


Boise, ID 83704


(208) 327-7499


Health District 5


South Central District Health Dept.


1020 Washington Street North


Twin Falls, ID 83301


(208) 734-5900. Ext. 217


Health District 6


Southeastern District Health Dept.


1901 Alvin Ricken Drive


Pocatello, ID 83201-2727


(208) 233-9080, Ext. 320


Health District 7


District Seven Health Dept.


254 "E" Street


Idaho Falls, ID 83403-3597


(208) 523-5382


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–21 • September 2003 
State of Illinois 2001 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2001


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 191 134 609 41 

Total Coliform Rule 146 140 140 95 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 2 2 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 15 13 33 27 

Consumer Confidence Report 32 26 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 5,928 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 396 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,168 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Illinois’ State Report is available by contacting:


Illinois EPA’s Division of Public Water Supplies


Telephone: (217) 782-9470


September 2003 • Page B–22 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Indiana 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 33 11* 4,981 643* 

Total Coliform Rule 353 309 2,704 1,602 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 6 4 2 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 31 30 152 127 

Consumer Confidence Report 168 118 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4,322 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2,095 

Total Number of 

Violations 8,430 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Indiana’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or contacting:


IDEM’s Drinking Water Branch


Web Site: http://www.state.in.us/idem/owm/dwb/compliance.html


Telephone: (317) 308-3280


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–23 • September 2003 
State of Iowa 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 69 31* 585 474* 

Total Coliform Rule 195 130 297 205 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 3 3 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 33 26 28 13 

Consumer Confidence Report 11 11 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,022 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 480† 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,241 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Iowa’s State Report is available by contacting: 

Iowa Department of Natural Resources 

Environmental Protection Division 

401 S.W. 7th Street, Suite M 

Des Moines, IA 50309-4611 

Attention: Charlotte Lafargue Henderson, Senior Environmental Specialist 

Telephone: (515) 725-0341 

E-mail: charlotte.henderson@dnr.state.ia.us 

September 2003 • Page B–24 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Kansas 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 77 34 1 1 

Total Coliform Rule 50 47 55 36 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 22 15 15 12 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 11 11 

Consumer Confidence Report 317 317 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,099 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 259* 

Total Number of 

Violations 550 

* Does not include systems violating the Consumer Confidence Report Rule. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Kansas’ State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Kansas Department of Health and Environment


Bureau of Water


1000 SW Jackson


Suite 420


Topeka, KS 66612-1367


Web Site: http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us


Director, Bureau of Water Darrel Plummer Lead and Copper, 

Karl Mueldener (785) 296-5523 Trihalomethanes 

(785) 296-5500 (785) 296-5516 Ron Cramer 

Public Water Supply Program Development/ (785) 296-5946 

Section Chief Enforcement Data Management 

Dave Waldo Kelly Kelsey Ellan Spivey 

(785) 296-5514 (785)296-6297 (785) 296-6434 

Capacity Development Inorganics, Organic Data Entry 

Cathy Tucker-Vogel Compounds, Nitrate, Kathy Fritts 

(785) 368-7130 Consumer Confidence Report (785) 296-7111 

Engineering and Permits 

Dan Clair 

Patti Croy 

(785) 296-3016 Operator Certification 

Vickie Jo Wessel 

Compliance and Data Bacteriological, Surface Water (785)296-2976 

Management Unit Chief Treatment, Radionuclides 

Jean Herrold 

(785) 296-5518 

Source Water Assessment 

Rob Beilfuss 

(785)296-5535 

Kansas Pws Loan Fund 

William Carr 

(785)296-0735 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–25 • September 2003 
State of Kentucky 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 8 4 1,655 62 

Total Coliform Rule 16 15 120 35 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 44 18 16 13 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 73 68 

Consumer Confidence Report 215 176 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 627 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 260 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,147 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Kentucky’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Kentucky Division of Water


Drinking Water Branch


14 Reilly Road


Ash Building


Frankfort, KY 40601


Web Site: http://water.nr.state.ky.us/dw/


Telephone: (502) 564-3410


Kentucky’s State Report is also available through any of the Division’s Regional Offices.


September 2003 • Page B–26 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Louisiana 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 208 171 6 4 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 16* 15 4 3 

Lead and Copper Rule 33 33 40 40 

Consumer Confidence Report 1 1 

* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown 

here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,850 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 203 

Total Number of 

Violations 244** 

** Total violations in the report (244) differ from the calculated total (309). 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Louisiana’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals


Office of Public Health


Engineering Services


6867 Bluebonnet, Suite 222


Baton Rouge, LA 70810


Telephone: (225) 765-5038


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–27 • September 2003 
State of Maine 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 4 3 5 2 

Total Coliform Rule 353 247 1,066 622 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 9 9 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 68 60 72 47 

Consumer Confidence Report 17 16 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,993 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 866 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,594 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Maine did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. The State’s contact for the drinking 

water program is: 

Nancy Beardsley, Director 

Telephone: (207) 287-5674 

September 2003 • Page B–28 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Maryland 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 14 13* 332 78* 

Total Coliform Rule 324 298* 176 90 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 8 8 NR NR 

Lead and Copper Rule 11 11 190 130* 

Consumer Confidence Report 1 1 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 3,816 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 594† 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,056 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Maryland’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Nancy Reilman


Maryland Department of the Environment


Water Supply Program


Web Site: http://www.mde.state.md.us


Telephone: (410) 631-3729


E-mail: nreilman@mde.state.md.us


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–29 • September 2003 
State of Massachusetts 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 22 17 35 27 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 17 40 40 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 89 79 277 159 

Consumer Confidence Report 5 5 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,677 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 293 

Total Number of 

Violations 469 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Massachusetts did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. The State’s contact for the


drinking water program is:


Damon Guterman


Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection


Telephone: (617) 574-6811


E-mail: Damon.Guterman@state.ma.us


September 2003 • Page B–30 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Michigan 2001 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2001


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 11 11 1,377 578 

Total Coliform Rule 483 421 1,418 1,200 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 3 2 99 94 

Consumer Confidence Report 231 231 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 12,294 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2,079 

Total Number of 

Violations 3,623 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Michigan’s State Report is available by contacting: 

Michigan Department of Environmental Quality


Drinking Water and Radiological Protection Division


P.O. Box 30630


Lansing, MI 48909-8130


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–31 • September 2003 
State of Minnesota 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 7 6 1 1 

Total Coliform Rule 292 290 102 68 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 22 18 40 25 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 37 36 

Consumer Confidence Report 14 12 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 7,944 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 422 

Total Number of 

Violations 516 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Minnesota did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. The State’s contact for the 

drinking water program is: 

Dennis E. Maki 

Telephone: (651) 215-0756 

E-mail: dennismaki@health.state.mn.us 

September 2003 • Page B–32 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Mississippi 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 4 2 NR NR 

Total Coliform Rule 74 68 53* 48* 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 NR NR 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 NR NR 

Consumer Confidence Report 136 136 

* Monitoring violations are presented together in the report and may include violations for several rules. Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,463 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 222† 

Total Number of 

Violations 242 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Mississippi’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Melissa Parker


Mississippi State Department of Health


Web Site: www.msdh.state.ms.us


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–33 • September 2003 
State of Missouri 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 18 11 109 47 

Total Coliform Rule 745 467 983 562 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 16 10 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 21 20 

Consumer Confidence Report 128 128 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,759 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,005† 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,020 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Missouri’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Missouri Department of Natural Resources


Public Drinking Water Program


P.O. Box 176


Jefferson City, MO 65102


Web Site: http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/wpscd/pdwp


Telephone: (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-5331


September 2003 • Page B–34 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Montana 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 3 2 948 852 

Total Coliform Rule 181 150 1,101 557 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 21 8 133 19 

Lead and Copper Rule 25 25 294 159 

Consumer Confidence Report 18 18 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,017 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 699† 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,724 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Montana’s State Report is available by contacting:


Public Water Supply Section


Community Services Bureau


Permitting & Compliance Division


Montana Department of Environmental Quality


P.O. Box 200901


Helena, MT 59620-0901


Telephone: (406) 444-4400


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–35 • September 2003 
State of Nebraska 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 18 19* 24 24 

Total Coliform Rule 320 237** 180 152 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 20 19 

* Number of systems in violation exceeds the number of violations. 

** Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,330 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 385† 

Total Number of 

Violations 563 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Nebraska’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services


Regulation and Licensure


301 Centennial Mall South


Lincoln, NE 68509


Web Site: http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm


Telephone: (402) 471-2541


September 2003 • Page B–36 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Nevada 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group NR NR NR NR 

Total Coliform Rule NR NR NR NR 

Surface Water Treatment Rule NR NR NR NR 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR NR NR 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 618 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 260 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,042 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Nevada’s State report is available by contacting:


Bureau of Health Protection Services


1179 Fairview Drive


Suite 101


Carson City, NV 89701-5405


Telephone: (775) 687-6615 ext. 221


Nevada’s State Report is also available for viewing at the Nevada Public Libraries in each county.


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–37 • September 2003 
State of New Hampshire 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 3 3 414 60 

Total Coliform Rule 192 147 209 175 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 3 2 5 2 

Lead and Copper Rule 15 15 55 54 

Consumer Confidence Report 46 36 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,201 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 351† 

Total Number of 

Violations 942 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

New Hampshire’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services


Water Division, Water Supply Engineering Bureau


6 Hazen Drive


P.O. Box 95


Concord, NH 03301


Web Site: http://www.des.state.nh.us/wseb


Attention: Laurie Cullerot


Telephone: (603) 271-2954


E-mail: lcullerot@des.state.nh.us


September 2003 • Page B–38 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of New Jersey 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 52 39* 7,546 438* 

Total Coliform Rule 270 198 692 477 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 1 1 10 4 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 4 2 

Consumer Confidence Report 2 2 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4,186 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 852† 

Total Number of 

Violations 8,577 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

New Jersey’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site.


Web Site: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/violations2001.doc


New Jersey’s State Report is also available at libraries and county and local health offices.


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–39 • September 2003 
State of New Mexico 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 26 17* 16 16* 

Total Coliform Rule 132 108* 252** 142** 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 1 1 21 4 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown 

here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,246† 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 424† 

Total Number of 

Violations 448 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

New Mexico’s State Report is available by contacting:


Drinking Water Bureau


New Mexico Environment Department


525 Camino de los Marquez


Santa Fe, NM 87501


September 2003 • Page B–40 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of New York 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 21 18 2,241 2,139 

Total Coliform Rule 267 243 2,248 1,555 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 45 28 19 17 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 42 39 

Consumer Confidence Report 421* 421* 

* Possible overcounting of violations and violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 10,186 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 960† 

Total Number of 

Violations 5,305 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

New York’s State report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


New York State Department of Health


Telephone: (in state) (800) 458-1158 ext. 27650


Telephone: (out of state) (518) 402-7650


E-mail: bpwsp@health.state.ny.us.


Web Site: http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/search/index.htm, search on “2001 Annual Report”


New York’s State Report is also available through any of the local health departments.


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–41 • September 2003 
State of North Carolina 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 101 70 2,743 2,391 

Total Coliform Rule 370 286 5,843 2,839 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 3 2 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 9 9 133 123 

Consumer Confidence Report 446 446 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 7,829 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 4,242 

Total Number of 

Violations 10,527 

* Total violations in the report (10,527) differs from the calculated total (9,648). 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

North Carolina’s State report is available by contacting: 

North Carolina Public Water Supply Section 

Telephone: (919) 715-3243 

September 2003 • Page B–42 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of North Dakota 2001 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2001


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 68 6* 

Total Coliform Rule 44 29 85 66 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 3 3 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 546 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 107 

Total Number of 

Violations 202** 

** Total violations in the report (202) differs from the calculated total (201). 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

North Dakota’s State Report is available by contacting:


North Dakota Department of Health


Division of Municipal Facilities


P.O. Box 5520


1200 Missouri Avenue


Bismarck, ND 58506-5520


Attention: LeeAnn Tillotson


Telephone: (701) 328-5293


Fax: (701) 328-5200 


E-mail: ltillots@state.nd.us


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–43 • September 2003 
Northern Mariana Islands 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 130 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 0 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Northern Mariana Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

September 2003 • Page B–44 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Ohio 2001 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2001


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 31 18 2,306 732 

Total Coliform Rule 892 620 2,043 1,282 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 444 69 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 127 127 

Consumer Confidence Report 206 206 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 5,718 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2,106 

Total Number of 

Violations 6,050 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Ohio’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


PWS Annual Compliance Report


Ohio EPA — DDAGW


P.O. Box 1049


Columbus, OH 43216-1049


Telephone: (614) 644-2752


Web Site: http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/annualreports.html


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–45 • September 2003 
State of Oklahoma 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 69 37* 309 238* 

Total Coliform Rule 46 41* 124 55* 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 46 20 6 2 

Lead and Copper Rule 19 18* 63 63* 

Consumer Confidence Report 28 28 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,701 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 467† 

Total Number of 

Violations 710 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Oklahoma’s State report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Department of Environmental Quality


Water Quality Division, 8th Floor


707 N. Robinson


Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677


Department of Environmental Quality


Water Quality Division


P.O. Box 1677


Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73101-1677


Web Site: http://www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/pws/index.html


September 2003 • Page B–46 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Oregon 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 3 3 6,783 773 

Total Coliform Rule 174 151 1,408 853 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 57* 34** 108 61 

Lead and Copper Rule 111* 111** 45 45 

Consumer Confidence Report 191 191 

* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the summary table. Counts from the text of the report are shown here. 

** Possible overcounting of violating systems, and the state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the summary table. 

Counts from the text of the report are shown here. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2,756 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,496 

Total Number of 

Violations 8,880 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Oregon’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Web Site: http://www.ohd.hr.state.or.us/dwp/welcome.htm


Oregon’s State report will also be published in the newsletter “The Pipeline.”


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–47 • September 2003 
State of Pennsylvania 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 142 93 4,346 547 

Total Coliform Rule 345 264 1,744 1,105 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 69 15 438 94 

Lead and Copper Rule 10 10 133 125 

Consumer Confidence Report NR* NR* 

* Pennsylvania regulations do not yet require Consumer Confidence Reports. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 10,208 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,818 

Total Number of 

Violations 7,227 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Pennsylvania’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Department of Environmental Protection


Bureau of Water Supply and Wastewater Management


P.O. Box 8467, 11th Floor RCSOB


Harrisburg, PA 17105-8467


Telephone: (717) 787-5017


Web Site: http://www.dep.state.pa.us


September 2003 • Page B–48 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Puerto Rico 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 5 4* 858 NR 

Total Coliform Rule 888 373* 1,228 229 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 360 179* 1,268 137* 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 29 22* 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 496 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 423† 

Total Number of 

Violations 4,636 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Puerto Rico’s Report is available by contacting:


Department of Health


Public Water Supply Supervision Program


Ponce de León Avenue, #431 Nacional Plaza


9th Floor, Suite 903


Hato Rey, PR 00917


Department of Health


Public Water Supply Supervision Program


P.O. Box 70184


Rio Piedras, PR 00936


Telephone: (787) 777-0150/0151


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–49 • September 2003 
State of Rhode Island 2001 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2001


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 2 2 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 24 22 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 1 1 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 475 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 25 

Total Number of 

Violations 27 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Rhode Island’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Office of Drinking Water Quality


Web Site: http://www.health.state.ri.us


Telephone: (401) 222-6867


Fax: (401) 222-6953


September 2003 • Page B–50 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of South Carolina 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 47 15 4,415 93 

Total Coliform Rule 94 69 110 65 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 17 14 80 80 

Consumer Confidence Report 31 31 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,551 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 279 

Total Number of 

Violations 4,795 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

South Carolina’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

SCDHEC’s Bureau of Water 

2600 Bull Street 

Columbia, SC 29201 

Attention: Bruce Bleau 

Web Site: http://www.scdhec.net/water 

Telephone: (803) 898-4154 

Fax: (803) 898-3795 

E-mail: bleaubp@dhec.state.sc.us 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–51 • September 2003 
State of South Dakota 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 16 10* 314 42* 

Total Coliform Rule 60 41 132 95 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 11 3 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 66 48 

Consumer Confidence Report 56 51 

* Possibly overcounts violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 707 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 213† 

Total Number of 

Violations 656 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

South Dakota’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site. 

Web Site: http://www.state.sd.us/denr/des/drinking/annual.htm 

September 2003 • Page B–52 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Tennessee 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 272 34* 

Total Coliform Rule 56 47 243 178 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 178 49 22 14 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 2 1 

Consumer Confidence Report 18 18 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,123 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 247† 

Total Number of 

Violations 792 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Tennessee’s State Report is available by contacting:


Division of Water Supply — Central Office


401 Church Street


6th Floor, L&C Tower


Nashville, TN 37243-1549


Web Site: http://www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/index.html


Telephone: (615) 532-0191 

Regional Environmental Assistance


Centers (EAC)—Division of Water Supply


1-888-891-8332


Chattanooga EAC


Division of Water Supply


Suite 550 — State Office Building


540 McCallie Avenue


Chattanooga, TN 37402-2013


1-888-891-8332


Columbia EAC


Division of Water Supply


2484 Park Plus Drive


Columbia, TN 38401


1-888-891-8332


Cookeville EAC


Division of Water Supply


121 South Willow


Cookeville, TN 38502


1-888-891-8332


Johnson City EAC


Division of Water Supply


2305 Silverdale Road


Johnson City, TN 37601-2162


1-888-891-8332


Knoxville EAC


Division of Water Supply


Suite 220 — State Plaza


2700 Middlebrook Pike


Knoxville, TN 37219


1-888-891-8332


Nashville EAC


Division of Water Supply


711 R. S. Gass Boulevard


Nashville, TN 37216


1-888-891-8332


Jackson EAC


Division of Water Supply


362 Carriage House Drive


Jackson, TN 38305-2222


1-888-891-8332


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–53 • September 2003 
State of Texas 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 60 49 N/A* N/A* 

Total Coliform Rule 96 90 300 297 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 34 22 551 59 

Lead and Copper Rule 16 14 68 68 

Consumer Confidence Report 545 154 

* The Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission conducts Chemical Contaminant Group monitoring for all systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6,672 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 761 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,734** 

** Total violations in the report (1,734) differs from the calculated total (1,670). 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Texas’ State report is available by contacting:


Buck Henderson


Public Drinking Water Section (MC155)


Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission


Telephone: (512) 239-0990


September 2003 • Page B–54 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Utah 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 22 19* 9,520 587* 

Total Coliform Rule 103 87 286 199 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 16 14 47 10 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 21 21 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 892† 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 286† 

Total Number of 

Violations 10,015 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Utah’s State report is available by contacting:


Ken Bousfield


E-mail: KBOUSFIE@deq.state.ut.us


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–55 • September 2003 
State of Vermont 2001 PWS Compliance Report


Violations for 2001


Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 499 481* 

Total Coliform Rule 108 87 283 255 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 20 7 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 13 13 

Consumer Confidence Report 27 27 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,365 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 322† 

Total Number of 

Violations 950 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Vermont’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation


Vermont Water Supply Division


103 South Main Street


Waterbury, VT 05671-0403


Telephone: (in state) (800) 823-6500


Telephone: (out of state) (802) 241-3400


Web Site: http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/water1.htm


September 2003 • Page B–56 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Virgin Islands 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 43 31 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 5 5 

Consumer Confidence Report 53 53 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 413 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 87 

Total Number of 

Violations 101 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Virgin Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–57 • September 2003 
State of Virginia 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 63 61* 40 35* 

Total Coliform Rule 210 153 374 241 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 102 12 3 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 108 94 246 207 

Consumer Confidence Report 66 56 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 3,696 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 346 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,212 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Virginia’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Office of Water Programs


Abingdon Field Office — Field 1


East Main Street


Abingdon, VA 24210


Attention: Robert B. Taylor, Director


Telephone: (804) 786-1767


Web Site: http:\\www.vdh.state.va.us


Telephone: (540) 676-5650


E-mail: RPayne.VDH.STATE.VA.US


September 2003 • Page B–58 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Washington 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 519 380 1,208 745 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 92 38 66 17 

Lead and Copper Rule 17 17 635 634 

Consumer Confidence Report 366 234 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4,240 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,622 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,903* 

* Total violations in the report (3,746) differs from the calculated total (2,903). 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Washington’s State report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:


Department of Health


Division of Drinking Water


P.O. Box 47822


Olympia, Washington 98504-7822


Web Site: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/enforcement/enflink2.htm


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–59 • September 2003 
State of West Virginia 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 1,357 22 

Total Coliform Rule 38 30* 867 417 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 5 5* 21 10 

Lead and Copper Rule 11 11 259 197 

Consumer Confidence Report 152 117* 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1,346† 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 616 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,711 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

West Virginia’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting the EPA’s Safe Drinking 

Water Hotline. 

Web Site: http:/www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/reports.htm 

Telephone: Hotline (800) 426-4791 

September 2003 • Page B–60 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
State of Wisconsin 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 43 39 10,351 1,912 

Total Coliform Rule 587 494* 1,498 1,274 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 8 8 300 140 

Consumer Confidence Report 180 180 

* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 11,589 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 3,727** 

Total Number of 

Violations 12,977 

** Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Wisconsin’s State Report is available by contacting:


Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater


State of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources


P.O. Box 7921


Madison, WI 53707


Telephone: (608) 266-6669


2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B Page B–61 • September 2003 
State of Wyoming 2001 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2001 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 3 3* 75** 75* 

Total Coliform Rule 43 40* 168 109 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 7 5 4 4 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 28 28* 

Consumer Confidence Report 5 5 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** Violations may be undercounted. 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 742 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 165† 

Total Number of 

Violations 333 

† State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. 

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report 

Wyoming’s State report is available by contacting:


EPA’s Region 8 Environmental Information Services Center


Telephone: (303) 312-6312 or (800) 227-8917


E-mail: r8eisc@epa.gov


September 2003 • Page B–62 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B 
Appendix C


Map of Indian Lands


Indian Lands 

2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix C Page C–1 • September 2003