2009 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report

2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 

National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009 National 

Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2009

Providing Safe Drinking

Water in America
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A)

Washington, DC 20460

EPA DOCUMENT 305R11001

May 16, 2011
T ABL E OF C ONT E NTS

Executive Summary....................................................................... 1

Introduction ................................................................................ 4

Part 1. Summary of Compliance and Enforcement at Public Water Systems 

throughout the U.S., including Those in Indian Country

............................................................................................... 7

Part 2. Summary of Compliance, Enforcement, and Financial Assistance at 

Public Water Systems in Indian Country ............................................. 13

Part 3. Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................ 18

APPENDIX A

Glossary of Terms

APPE NDIX B

Summaries of State Annual Compliance Reports
1

Executive Summary

EPA is directed by the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) to annually report on Public Water System 

(PWS) compliance in the United States. To meet this requirement, EPA’s Office of Enforcement and 

Compliance Assurance (OECA) publishes the National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 

(Report). The Report for 2009 documents that, while the majority of the U.S. population served by PWSs

receives safe drinking water, many systems incurred significant violations of Federal drinking water 

quality standards. Additionally, EPA and primacy agencies need to work together to improve data 

quality, which affects EPA’s ability to accurately calculate the extent of noncompliance. EPA’s new 

Enforcement Response Policy (ERP) issued on December 8, 2009, establishes a water system-based 

approach to defining, prioritizing, and addressing noncompliance with Federal requirements. The ERP is 

expected to be instrumental in improving compliance trends. 

In 2009, there were 153,399 public water systems in the U.S., serving over 300 million users. Small 

systems comprise the vast majority of all systems. Noncompliance occurs more frequently at smaller 

systems often because they may have fewer resources to operate and maintain compliance. For this 

reason, EPA, states, and other organizations provide significant resources to small water systems to build 

their capacity to properly finance, operate, and maintain their drinking water systems. Among other 

mechanisms to support small systems, EPA funds third-party technical assistance providers and eight 

university-based technology assistance centers, conducts on-site visits and maintains multiple, free online 

financial and technical websites.

Overall Compliance Is Improving

EPA has tracked the number of PWSs reported to be in significant noncompliance – a category of 

noncompliance EPA has historically used to identify the most serious violations – with at least one rule at 

the same point in time on annual bases. From a high of 12,596 systems in July 2006, the number of 

systems in the U.S. in significant noncompliance, including those in Indian country, decreased to 6,626 

systems in 2009. The number of systems in significant noncompliance in Indian country alone also 

decreased slightly.

However, the incidence of significant violations -- that is, any health-based violation or certain 

monitoring and reporting violations where the facility fails to report -- reported to EPA remained 

relatively stable between 2006 and 2009. The most frequently reported violations continue to be 

monitoring and reporting violations. This is important because if a system fails to monitor and/or report 

on the quality of its water, it is impossible to know whether drinking water standards have been exceeded. 

EPA believes that noncompliance is too high, and that more needs to be done to improve compliance. 

One tool EPA is utilizing is public access to data about drinking water compliance and enforcement 

performance through this report and the Agency’s ECHO public website at http://www.epaecho.gov/echo/.

C ompliance and E nfor cement at PW Ss in U.S., I ncluding I ndian C ountr y 

Approximately 28 percent of all systems in the U.S. had at least one significant violation reported in 

2009. This rate is comparable to those reported in previous years. 

The data submitted by primacy agencies indicate that 7 percent of all public water systems in the U.S., 

serving approximately 17,693,000 users, had violations of health-based standards in 2009.

In 2009, about 18 percent of all public water systems had significant monitoring and reporting violations. 
2

C ompliance and E nfor cement in I ndian C ountr y 

Approximately 52 percent of all systems in Indian country had at least one significant violation reported 

in 2009. This rate is lower than in 2008 and represents a slight downward trend since 2006. However, 

this compares with 28 percent of systems in the U.S. as a whole.

EPA regions reported that 14 percent of public water systems in Indian country had health-based 

violations in 2009 (119 systems). These systems served 177,900 customers.

EPA regions reported that 41 percent of systems in Indian country had significant monitoring and 

reporting violations in 2009. 

Source and Quality of Data Used for this Report

The data summarized in this report are housed in the Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal 

Version (SDWIS/FED). Public water systems are required to sample and test their water and report the 

results to the agency with primacy for implementing SDWA–usually the state in which the system is 

located, or to EPA if the system is in Indian country. The primacy agency reviews the test results and

other required reports and determines whether a violation has occurred. The primacy agency is required 

by EPA to report all violation and enforcement data into SDWIS/FED; a finding of compliance is not 

required to be reported to EPA.

Over the past decade, EPA has evaluated state programs’ data quality by conducting data verification 

audits and triennial national data quality assessments, comparing primacy agencies’ files and records with 

information in SDWIS/FED to verify accuracy, completeness and whether compliance determinations are 

made in accordance with Federal regulations. The most recent review of 38 states, published in 2006, 

found that data in SDWIS/FED were incomplete; however, the health-based violation data that were 

present in the database were 94% accurate.

EPA recognizes that the findings in this report likely underestimate the actual level of noncompliance at 

PWSs in 2009. EPA continues to work with its state partners to identify and resolve problems that may 

have produced data discrepancies in the past and to ensure that complete and accurate documentation is 

available to help assess the safety of the nation’s drinking water.

Recommendations

In December 2009, EPA issued a new policy for prioritizing systems needing state or EPA action to 

address noncompliance. The prioritization takes into account a system’s compliance with all drinking 

water rules combined rather than rule by rule, as was historically done. The policy also establishes a sixmonth time period within which formal enforcement is to be initiated if assistance or informal 

enforcement does not quickly return a system to compliance with all rules. 

An important component of implementing this new policy is ensuring that compliance and enforcement 

data are entered accurately, completely, and in a timely manner by all primacy agencies. EPA is 

confident that these efforts will better target enforcement resources to systems that pose the greatest risk 

to public health, and will help improve the quality and quantity of data available to the public, and for 

monitoring and implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).

This new enforcement approach is expected to continue to yield benefits for EPA, primacy agencies and 

the public. EPA expects that compliance rates and data quality will improve as the approach becomes 

well established. The approach will improve EPA’s ability to ensure primacy agencies’ performance in 
3

returning systems to compliance in a timely manner, including initiating formal enforcement when 

necessary. 

EPA recognizes that enforcement may not be effective in all cases, and devotes considerable resources to 

small system capacity development in the form of compliance, managerial, financial, and technical 

assistance.
4

2009 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report

I ntroduction

Pur pose of R epor t

The National Public Water Systems Compliance Report summarizes and evaluates annual reports 

submitted by primacy agencies1 regarding compliance at public water systems (PWSs) of all types and 

sizes in the U.S. in calendar year 2009. The information in this report summarizes PWS noncompliance 

with the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) at the national and state levels, and 

does not provide information about specific water systems. This report is compiled annually as required 

by Section 1414(c)(3)(B) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The report includes the following:

 Part 1: Summary of compliance and enforcement at PWSs throughout the U.S (including those in 

Indian country)

 Part 2: Summary of compliance, enforcement, and financial assistance at public water systems in 

Indian country

 Part 3: Conclusions and recommendations

 Appendices: Evaluation of reports submitted by primacy agencies

Scope of R epor t

This report summarizes significant violations at all public water systems of all types and sizes throughout 

the U.S. and in Indian country for 2009. 

A public water system (PWS) is a system that provides water for human consumption, if such system has 

at least 15 service connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the year. 

EPA does not have the authority to regulate private drinking water wells that do not meet the above 

criteria. 

Public water systems can be categorized by type:

 Community – A water system that serves the same population throughout the year. Eighty-two 

percent (82%) of these systems are small.

 Non-Transient/Non-Community – A public water system that regularly supplies water to at least 25 

of the same people at least six months per year, but not year-round. Some examples are schools, 

factories, office buildings, and hospitals which have their own water systems. Ninety-nine percent 

(99%) of these systems are small.

 Transient/Non-Community - A public water system that provides water in a place such as a gas 

station or campground where people do not remain for a long period of time. Almost one hundred 

percent (99.9%) of these systems are small.

System size is determined by the size of the population served by the system:

 1 Federal approval to implement the drinking water program is called primary enforcement authority, or “primacy.” 

The term “primacy agency” includes 55 states, commonwealths, and territories that have been approved to 

implement the drinking water program within their jurisdictions. It also includes the Navajo Nation. During 

calendar year 2009, EPA directly implemented the drinking water program in Wyoming, the District of Columbia, 

and throughout all of Indian country, other than the Navajo Nation. EPA is responsible for reporting violations in 

areas where the Agency directly implements the program.
5

 Very small – serving 500 or fewer users

 Small – serving 501 to 3,300 users

 Medium – serving 3,301 to 10,000 users

 Large – serving 10,001-100,000 users

 Very large – serving more than 100,000 users

Because of the relationship between system size and the ability to achieve and maintain compliance, the 

findings in this report are discussed in terms of system size. In addition, data on very small and small 

systems are grouped together for discussion purposes in this report, as are data on large and very large 

systems. System size can be linked to a system’s ability to maintain or return to compliance following a 

violation of a drinking water standard. In general, larger public water systems have the capacity to 

maintain compliance more easily than small systems and can return to compliance more quickly than 

small systems. This disparity is often the result of differences in financial, administrative, and technical 

capacity between large and small systems. Small systems have fewer customers from whom to collect the 

funds to purchase and install needed infrastructure and to operate and maintain the system. Similarly, 

small systems may be unable or unwilling to charge users rates that are lower than the true cost of 

collecting, treating, and distributing the water. Lack of funding may cause small systems to delay needed 

capital improvements. Small systems (particularly noncommunity water systems) are often overseen by 

part-time administrators who are not environmental professionals, and the pay for the system operators 

may not be adequate to attract and keep someone with the necessary training and skills. If there are 

violations, small systems may not have the financial or technical capabilities to correct the underlying 

problems. 

However, EPA believes that noncompliance at any system, irrespective of size, is an issue that should be 

addressed as expeditiously as possible. EPA’s goal is to ensure that all citizens, including those in Indian 

country, are provided safe drinking water. The SDWA PWSS Enforcement Response Policy reiterates 

that formal enforcement action should be taken when assistance or informal enforcement action does not 

effectively return a system to compliance in a timely manner, regardless of the size, type, owner, operator 

or location of the system. 

This report discusses the incidence of significant violations as defined by the Safe Drinking Water Act, 

including:

 all violations of health-based standards, including exceedances of Maximum Contaminant Limits 

(MCLs) and violations of treatment technique requirements;

 significant notification violations (i.e., complete failure to provide required notification); and

 significant monitoring and reporting violations (usually meaning a system took no sample or reported 

no results during a compliance period. See Table A-1).

EPA guidance establishes a framework for prioritizing systems for formal enforcement in order to ensure 

that those with the most severe violations are addressed. For each drinking water rule, the most serious 

violations or combination of frequent or persistent violations are considered significant noncompliance 

(SNC). 

Sour ce and Quality of Data

The data summarized in this report are housed in the Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal 

Version (SDWIS/FED). Public water systems are required to take samples and test their water and report 

the results to the agency with primacy for implementing SDWA—usually the state in which the system is 

located, or to EPA if the system is in Wyoming, the District of Columbia, or Indian country. The primacy 

agency reviews the test results and other required reports and determines whether a violation has 
6

occurred. The primacy agency is required by EPA to enter all violation and enforcement data into 

SDWIS; a finding of compliance is not required to be entered into SDWIS.

EPA has evaluated state programs’ data quality by conducting data verification audits and triennial 

national data quality assessments, comparing primacy agencies’ files and records with information in 

SDWIS/FED to verify accuracy, completeness and whether compliance determinations are made in 

accordance with Federal regulations. The most recent review of 38 states, published in 2006, reported the 

following findings:

 Approximately 81 percent of the maximum contaminant level (MCL) and surface water treatment 

technology (SWTR TT) violations were reported to SDWIS/FED.

 Including lead and copper treatment technique (LCR TT) violations, about 62 of health-based (MCL 

and TT) violations were reported to SDWIS/FED, where only 8 percent of lead and copper rule TT 

violations were reported.

 Only approximately 30 percent of the monitoring and reporting (M/R) violations were reported to 

SDWIS/FED.

 The primary reason for non-reporting was compliance determination error.

 Ninety-four percent (94%) of health-based violation data reported in SDWIS/FED were accurate.

 Sixty percent of health-based violations, excluding lead and copper TT violations, and 30 percent of 

monitoring and reporting violations were reported on time to SDWIS/FED in 2004. 

While data completeness is clearly a serious issue, a detailed discussion of the data quality findings is 

beyond the scope of this document. The full report, 2006 Drinking Water Data Reliability Analysis and 

Action Plan, is available online at 

http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/databases/pdfs/report_data_datareliability_2006.pdf 

Based on the incompleteness of the violation data reported by states, EPA recognizes the findings in this 

report may underestimate the actual level of noncompliance at PWSs in 2009. EPA is making 

information about these violations more transparent to the public as one way to improve data 

completeness. EPA continues to work with its state partners to identify and resolve problems that may 

have produced data discrepancies in the past and to ensure that complete and accurate documentation is 

available to help assess the safety of the nation’s drinking water. 
7

Par t 1. Summar y of C ompliance and E nfor cement at PW Ss 

thr oughout the U.S. (I ncluding T hose in I ndian C ountr y)

I nventor y of Public W ater Systems by Size

The number of systems operating in 2009 was 153,399. The proportion of small systems to the total 

number of systems remained consistent with previous years at 94%.

 

Small systems comprise the vast majority of all systems, but they serve just 13% of all customers. Small 

systems include those serving communities with populations of 3,300 or fewer, as well as offices, 

schools, hospitals, gas stations and parks with their own water systems. Large systems serve 

communities with populations of 10,001 or greater. These comprise 3 percent of all systems but serve 78

percent of all customers. Because 3 percent of systems are medium-sized and because they serve just 9

percent of customers, they are not discussed separately in this report. Data on medium-sized systems are 

included in the discussion of large systems.

Systems with Significant V iolations of Any T ype

In 2009, about 73 percent (111,196) of public water systems in the U.S., serving approximately 81 of the 

population, had no significant violation of any type, as reported by primacy agencies. Please note that all 

references to populations served throughout this report are approximate, because most consumers receive 

drinking water from more than one system (e.g., at home, at work, at parks or commercial establishments, 

etc.). Therefore, adding the number of users of all system types would result in a number greater than the 

entire U.S. population.

94%

3% 3%

PWSs in U.S. by Size

Total Number of PWSs = 153,399

Small 

Medium 

Large

13% of 

population

9% of 

population

78% of 

population

Population Served by PWS Size

2009 U.S. Population 307 million

Small

Medium 

Large
8

Significant violations were reported for 42,203 systems in 2009, representing about 28 percent of all 

active systems. This rate remained stable between 2006 and 2009.

The types of violations that were reported by these 42,203 systems are shown below. Note that the total 

of the numbers in the graph is greater than the 42,203 systems that violated at least one rule, because 

some systems have violated multiple types of rules.

Systems with H ealth-B ased V iolations

EPA’s health-based standards are designed to reduce or eliminate contaminants that can negatively 

impact human health even with limited exposure. Health-based standards include MCLs and Treatment 

Techniques (TTs). An MCL is the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. A TT 

is a required treatment process (such as filtration or disinfection) intended to prevent the occurrence of or 

deactivate a contaminant in drinking water. Treatment Techniques are adopted where it is not 

economically or technologically feasible to monitor the level of a contaminant, such as microbes, where 

even single organisms that occur unpredictably or episodically can cause adverse health effects.

42,108 43,826 42,168 42,203

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

2006 2007 2008 2009

Number of Systems with Significant Violations 

2006-2009

Note: The total number of systems declined from about 156,182 in 

27% 28% 27% 28%

10,615

27,094

3,658 10,001

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

Health-based Monitoring 

and Reporting

Consumer 

Confidence

Public 

Notification

Number of Systems with Significant 

Violations by Violation Type - 2009

Total Number of PWSs = 153,399

6%

17%

2% 6%
9

It is important to note that when a public water system violates a health-based standard, the consumers of 

that system may be at an increased risk of illness depending upon several factors, including the type and 

concentration of the contaminant, and the duration and the magnitude of the exceedance. Systems that 

exceed MCLs are required to notify their consumers about the possibility of these increased health risks.

This report categorizes violations of the health-based standards in five categories: 

 Chemical Contaminants–This category includes rules for organic, volatile organic, inorganic (except 

for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants. Compliance with many organic and inorganic 

standards is determined on the basis of a sample being analyzed for multiple contaminants, with one 

missed sample resulting in monitoring and reporting violations for each of those contaminant 

standards. 

 Total Coliform Rule (TCR)–Coliform bacteria are usually not a threat to humans, but their presence 

in drinking water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, more dangerous 

microbes. 

 Microbial Contaminants–These contaminants are addressed by the long-term interim enhanced 

surface water treatment rule (LTIESWTR), surface water treatment rule (SWTR), interim enhanced 

surface water rule (IESWTR), and filter backwash recycling rule (FBRR). This report groups these 

rules under SWTR.

 Lead and Copper Rule (LCR).

 Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule).

Based on data reported by primacy agencies, 93 percent of systems (142,784) had no reported violations 

of health-based standards. Conversely, 7 percent of systems (10,615) had reported health-based 

violations. These systems served approximately 17.7 million customers in 2009.

Systems with M onitor ing and R epor ting V iolations

If a system does not monitor the quality of its water, it is impossible for primacy agencies to know 

whether the system has violated a health-based requirement. For this reason, a system’s failure to monitor 

and report is a significant violation that must be addressed and corrected.

In 2009, about 18 percent of all public water systems had significant monitoring and reporting violations 

(27,094 systems). Approximately 30 percent of these systems had at least one violation of monitoring 

and reporting requirements of the Total Coliform Rule. 

C ontaminant-R elated V iolations R epor ted M ost F r equently

In 2009, primacy agencies reported 18,169 health-based violations. In 2009, 50% of reported healthbased violations were for the Total Coliform Rule (TCR), making it the most frequently reported healthbased violation in 2009. 

In 2009, primacy agencies reported 77,699 significant monitoring and reporting violations. Monitoring 

and reporting violations for the Chemical Contaminant Group were the most frequent monitoring and 

reporting violations in 2009, at 46%.
10

As context for the total number of violations occurring in a year, it is important to note that public water 

systems are subject to numerous rules and standards, depending on their size, type, and source of water. 

A large system may be required to sample as many as 480 times in one month under TCR, with the 

potential for 5,760 health-based violations in a year for that rule at that one system. A small system may 

be required to sample just once a month under the same rule. Similarly, failure to take one required 

sample that is used to test for multiple contaminants results in separate monitoring and reporting 

violations for each contaminant tested for in the sample. 

Systems with V iolations of V ar iances or E xemptions

Under Federal law, states and EPA can grant variances or exemptions to public water systems in limited 

circumstances allowing them to install alternative technology or giving them more time to meet a 

standard if public health is adequately protected in the interim. No violations of variances or exemptions 

were reported by the primacy agencies during 2009. 

State and E PA R esponse to V iolations

Assistance 

Primacy agencies and EPA engage in a variety of compliance, financial and technical assistance activities 

to help public water systems either remain in and return to compliance. Examples include:

 Conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys at public water systems (e.g., an on-site review of the 

water sources, facilities, equipment, operations, and maintenance to evaluate their adequacy in 

producing and distributing safe drinking water);

 Helping systems identify and implement preventive measures;

 Providing financial assistance for system improvements through the Drinking Water State Revolving 

Fund and other state funding programs;

 Reviewing water system plans and specifications;

 Conducting training sessions;

 Holding public information meetings;

 Lending specialized monitoring equipment; and

 Publishing information and providing training events and other educational opportunities.

24%

50%

4% 6%

16%

46%

33%

12%

1% 6%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Chemical 

Contaminants

TCR LCR SWTR DBPP

Significant Contaminant-Related Violations by Type -

2009

Number of Health-Based Violations = 18,169

Number of Monitoring & Reporting Violations = 77,699

Health-Based Monitoring & Reporting
11

E nforcement

When a drinking water violation is identified and a system does not resolve their violation on their own, 

or compliance assistance or other non-enforcement actions such as those listed above do not return the 

violating system to compliance, EPA program implementation guidelines direct the primacy agency to 

initiate an enforcement response. Acceptable enforcement responses are defined in part by the Safe 

Drinking Water Act and in part by EPA guidance. Acceptable actions include a variety of escalating 

informal and formal actions as the state or EPA attempts to return a violating public water system to 

compliance as quickly as possible.

Generally, the primacy agency’s first responses to violations are informal actions such as reminder letters, 

warning letters, notices of violation, field visits, and telephone calls. In 2009, primacy agencies initiated 

169,015 informal actions. 

If a violation continues or recurs, the primacy agency must initiate a formal enforcement response that 

requires the violating public water system to return to compliance under an enforceable timetable. Formal 

enforcement responses include citations, administrative orders with or without penalties, civil referrals to 

state attorneys general or to the Department of Justice, filing criminal charges, and other sanctions.

If there is risk to public health, EPA and the state can issue emergency orders that require the public water 

system to immediately take action to protect public health and return the system to compliance.

Prioritization of Systems for F ormal E nforcement

EPA guidance establishes a framework for prioritizing systems for formal enforcement to ensure that 

those with the most severe violations are addressed quickly. Most drinking water rules contain a specific 

definition of significant noncompliance (SNC) specific to that rule, i.e., the violations or combination of 

frequent or persistent violations that are considered the most serious. A system may be in significant 

noncompliance with more than one rule at the same time. Once a system is determined to be in 

significant noncompliance, the system must return to compliance within six months or the primacy 

agency or EPA will take formal enforcement action.

 As indicated earlier in this report, data reported by primacy agencies indicated that about 28 percent 

of systems had significant violations in 2009.

 EPA prioritized those systems to identify those in significant noncompliance and the highest priority 

for action by the primacy agency. EPA determined that 13,547 systems (approximately 9 percent of 

all systems) were in SNC at some time during calendar year 2009. 

o Of the 9 percent of systems in SNC in 2009, over 91 percent were small systems.

EPA monitors the number of systems in SNC in each state and in Indian country. To assist states and 

other primacy agencies in reducing the number of systems in SNC, EPA, in 2006, requested that states 

address all violations at systems in significant noncompliance, not just the violations that caused them to 

become significant non-compliers. In the past some states only addressed significant noncompliance on a 

rule-by-rule basis and did not address other minor violations. The result was that a system could return to 

compliance with one rule but still remain in significant noncompliance for other rules or otherwise have 

violations for other rules. This “whole system” approach led to the number of systems in SNC decreasing 

from 12,596 systems in July 2006 to 6,626 in July 2009 (a 47% reduction). EPA fully expects the 

number of systems in significant noncompliance to continue this downward trend as this approach 

continues. 
12

In 2009, primacy agencies initiated 4,609 formal enforcement actions in response to drinking water 

violations at public water systems in their jurisdictions. The vast majority of these actions were taken by 

primacy states. EPA has primacy in Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and in Indian country, except 

for the Navajo Nation. EPA’s actions were primarily in these areas where it has primacy. EPA has also 

initiated enforcement action in primacy states, often at a state’s invitation.

Not all significant noncompliance requires formal enforcement action. Some systems return to 

compliance on their own without the need for enforcement. Further, EPA guidance allows primacy 

agencies to address a system’s violations with informal actions before proceeding to formal enforcement 

if the violation remains uncorrected. Enforcement actions often address multiple violations at the same 

system. Finally, enforcement actions initiated in one year may address violations that first occurred in the 

previous year. 

3966 4254

5570

4609

148 178 350 50

0

2000

4000

6000

2006 2007 2008 2009

State and EPA Formal Enforcement 

Actions at PWSs

2006-2009

States

EPA
13

Part 2. Summar y of C ompliance, E nfor cement, and F inancial 

A ssistance at PW Ss in I ndian C ountr y

I mplementation of SDW A in I ndian C ountr y

Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary enforcement authority (known as primacy) to 

administer the drinking water program provided they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and 1451 of 

the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As of 2009, only the Navajo Nation had received primacy for 

most public water systems on the Navajo Reservation. EPA administers the drinking water program in 

the rest of Indian country. 

Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages outside of Indian country are not included in this section 

of the report. The Alaska Native Villages are not Federally-recognized tribes; therefore, the state of 

Alaska is the primacy agency with oversight of these water systems. Similarly, compliance figures for 18

public water systems in Indian country located in Oklahoma are not included in this section of the report. 

Oklahoma is the primacy agency for these 18 Federally-recognized systems in Indian country. Most of 

the Indian population in Oklahoma is served by public water systems not located on tribal trust land. For 

those systems located on trust land that request to be regulated by EPA, Region 6 is the primacy agency 

for reporting purposes. In cases where the state retains primacy, this information is found in the state 

reports for Alaska and Oklahoma, respectively. However, the state reports do not contain separate 

information on these public water systems.

I nventor y of Public W ater Systems by Size

In 2009, 829 systems served just over 1 million users in Indian country. Small systems comprise 92

percent of all systems in Indian country. These small systems served approximately 40 percent of the 

people who received water from public water systems. This is in contrast to the U.S. as a whole including 

Indian country, where small systems comprise 94 percent of all systems and serve approximately 13

percent of all customers. The percentage of small PWSs in Indian country with violations is greater than 

the percentage of small PWSs outside of Indian country with violations. Thus, customers of PWSs in 

Indian country are disproportionately affected by noncompliance challenges shared by small systems.

92%

6% 2%

PWSs in Indian Country by Size in 2009

Total Number of PWS = 829

Small

Medium

Large

40%

30%

30%

Population Served in Indian Country by 

PWS Size in 2009

Total population served = 1,050,926

Small

Medium

Large
14

Systems with Significant V iolations of Any T ype

In 2009, primacy agencies reported that 48 percent or 396 of the 829 public water systems in Indian 

country, serving approximately 557,000 customers, had no significant violation of any type. Conversely, 

52 percent of systems had at least one significant violation reported, almost twice the rate outside of 

Indian country (28%). This rate has been comparable from 2006-2009, the period for which trends were 

calculated. EPA considers this percent of significant violations to be too high, and that further actions are 

necessary to improve noncompliance.

498 454 520 433

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

July 2006 July 2007 July 2008 July 2009

Number of Systems

Systems with Significant Violations in Indian 

Country

2006-2009

Note: The total number of systems in Indian country fluctuated between 817 and 829 

systems from 2006-2009. 

60% 55% 63% 52

The types of violations reported by the 433 systems (52%) are shown below. Monitoring and reporting 

violations comprise the most frequently reported violations of all types across the U.S. and in Indian 

country alone.

Note that the total of the numbers in the graph is greater than the 433 systems that violated at least one 

rule because one system may have violated multiple types of rules. 

119

336

138

8

0

100

200

300

400

Health-based Monitoring and 

Reporting

Consumer 

Confidence

Public Notification

Systems with Significant Violations in Indian 

Country by Type - 2009

Total Number of Systems = 829

14%

40%

10% <1%
15

Systems with H ealth-B ased V iolations 

Fourteen percent of systems (119 systems) in Indian country had health-based violations in 2009. These 

systems served 177,900 or 17 percent of customers in 2009.

Systems with Significant M onitor ing and R epor ting V iolations 

If a system did not monitor the quality of its water, it is impossible to know if it has violated health-based 

requirements. For this reason, a system’s significant failure to monitor and report is a major violation that 

must be addressed and corrected. 

Overall the most frequently reported violations are monitoring and reporting violations, both inside Indian 

country and outside. In 2009, 336 systems (41%) had significant monitoring and reporting violations. 

C ontaminant-R elated V iolations R epor ted M ost F r equently 

The most frequently reported contaminant-related violation (67%) among all systems in Indian country in 

2009 was monitoring and reporting under the Chemical Contaminant Group.

In 2009, exceedances of the MCL for the Chemical Contaminant Group were the most frequently violated 

health-based standards, making up 42% of all health-based violations.

Systems with V iolations of V ar iances or E xemptions

No violations of variances or exemptions were reported by the primacy agencies for Indian country 

during 2009. 

E PA R esponse to V iolations

EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance identified public water system compliance in 

Indian country as a national priority in fiscal year (FY) 2005. In 2009, EPA continued to devote 

significant financial and staff resources to improve compliance in Indian country with the SDWA and its 

implementing regulations. 

42%

30%

2%

14% 12%

67%

17% 8% 2% 6%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Chemical 

Contaminants

TCR LCR SWTR DBPP

Significant Contaminant-Related Violations in Indian 

Country - 2009

Number Health-Based Violations = 293

Number of Monitoring & Reporting Violations = 2351

Health-Based Monitoring & Reporting
16

Compliance Assistance 

EPA’s tribal compliance assistance program is designed to help maintain compliance with the SDWA. 

EPA works in partnership with utility managers, operators, other tribal environmental staff, and tribal 

elected officials to provide safe, clean drinking water to tribe members. 

EPA provides compliance assistance to tribal officials through training sessions, newsletters, telephone 

support, and system visits. EPA and/or its agents provide on-site assistance to assess current compliance 

status, develop monitoring schedules and compliance plans, and conduct sanitary surveys. 

EPA coordinates many of these activities with other Federal agencies, including the Indian Health 

Service, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of Reclamation. In addition, nongovernmental organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including the Native American Water Association, 

the National Rural Water Association, and the Rural Community Assistance Partnership, work with EPA 

and the tribal water system officials to meet the SDWA requirements.

E nforcement

When a public water system in Indian country fails to meet the requirements of the SDWA and 

implementing regulations, EPA tries to return the system to compliance using compliance assistance. 

Enforcement actions are taken only if compliance assistance does not remedy the violation or an 

emergency action is required to immediately protect public health.

If an enforcement action is appropriate, EPA can initiate administrative orders, including emergency 

administrative orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the Department of Justice. The "EPA Policy 

for the Administration of Environmental Programs on Indian Reservations" (EPA Indian Policy, 11/8/84) 

and the "Guidance on the Enforcement Principles Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy" (EPA Enforcement 

Principles) guide the Agency's approach to bringing civil administrative or judicial enforcement actions in 

Indian country. 

Prioritization of Systems for F ormal E nforcement

EPA generally designates a public water system to be in significant noncompliance (SNC) if the system 

has serious, frequent or persistent violations for a specific regulation that may pose a threat to public 

health. This enables the states and EPA to prioritize enforcement resources to ensure that the most severe 

violations are addressed first. A system can be designated in SNC if it has a poor monitoring and 

reporting history, even if there are no reported health-based violations. 

 Of the 829 public water systems in Indian country, EPA determined that 107 systems (approximately 

13%) were in significant noncompliance with one or more drinking water standards at some time 

during calendar year 2009. This compares with 9% of systems in the U.S. as a whole. EPA believes 

that this rate of noncompliance is too high and that more needs to be done to improve compliance.
17

 Of the 107 systems in significant noncompliance, 95 percent of these systems were small.

o In 2009, EPA took 15 formal enforcement actions at tribal systems.

F inancial Assistance to PWSs in I ndian Country

EPA provides financial assistance to public water systems in Indian country to help build water system 

infrastructure for compliance with the SDWA. In addition, EPA’s Indian General Assistance Program 

provides grants to plan, develop, and establish environmental protection programs, including drinking 

water programs. Capacity building is a long-term solution that includes providing financial, 

administrative, and technical assistance as they develop their environmental programs. 

EPA also uses funds for specific drinking water program priorities. EPA set aside $6,378,300 in FY 2009 

for activities to support Tribal Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Programs. EPA uses these 

funds to operate the PWSS program in Indian country. The Navajo Nation, as a program with primacy, 

also received financial support from PWSS funds. These funds are used to implement the PWSS 

program, including activities such as:

 Conducting sanitary surveys;

 Engineering support and on-site technical services to assist tribes with drinking water operations and 

maintenance.

 Providing training to tribal operators;

 Compiling and analyzing compliance information; and

 Responding to violations.

EPA also distributes funds to improve the infrastructure of water systems to achieve compliance. Each 

year, 1.5% of the appropriation for the national Drinking Water State Revolving Fund program is set 

aside for American Indian communities and Alaska Native Villages. The FY 2009 set-aside amounted to 

$12,435,000. These funds are used for:

 Distribution system improvements;

 Community water system extensions;

 Replacement of water mains;

 Adding new wells;

 Treatment improvements;

 Construction of new pumphouses; and

 Consolidation of systems to leverage resources and achieve economies of scale.

Finally, through cooperative agreements with other Federal agencies, small public water systems in 

Indian country receive training and technical assistance, wellhead and groundwater protection, and source 

water protection.

9%

13%

0%

5%

10%

15%

U.S. including 

Indian Country

Indian Country 

Alone

Systems in Significant Noncompliance at Least 

Part of 2009

Number of Systems in U.S. including Indian Country = 153,399

Number of Systems in Indian Country Alone = 829
18

Part 3. Conclusions and Recommendations

C ompliance and E nfor cement at PW Ss in U.S.

The data submitted by primacy agencies indicate that 73 percent of public water systems in the U.S. had 

no significant violation of any type. Conversely, 27 percent of systems did have at least one significant 

violation. That rate remained fairly constant between 2006 and 2009, the period for which trends were 

calculated.

The data submitted by primacy agencies indicate that 7 percent of public water systems, serving about 

17.7 million customers, had violations of health-based standards in 2009. EPA believes that these rates 

are too high and that additional efforts are necessary to improve compliance.

In 2009, about 27,094, or 18 percent, of all public water systems had significant monitoring and reporting 

violations.

In 2006, EPA and states began addressing noncompliance at violating systems all at once rather than 

addressing violations of one rule at multiple systems. This change in approach has resulted in a steady 

decrease in the number of systems in significant noncompliance at the same point in time (July) from one 

year to the next. The number of such systems has dropped from over 12,000 in 2006 to about 6,700 in 

2009. This represents a decrease of about 47 percent from 2006. EPA expects this trend to continue as 

the SDWA Enforcement Response Policy, issued in December 2009, is implemented.

C ompliance and E nfor cement at PW Ss in I ndian C ountr y 

In 2009, primacy agencies reported that 48 percent of systems (396) in Indian country had a significant 

violation of some type. This rate has fluctuated somewhat since 2006, ranging from 48-61 percent of all 

systems in Indian country. These rates are consistently and significantly higher in Indian country than 

outside of Indian country.

EPA regions reported that 14 percent of the public water systems in Indian country had health-based 

violations in 2009.

28%

52%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

U.S. including Indian 

Country

Indian Country Alone

Systems with Significant Violations - 2009

Number of Systems in U.S. including Indian Country = 153,399

Number of Systems in Indian Country Alone = 829
19

EPA regions reported that 41 percent of systems in Indian country had significant monitoring and 

reporting violations in 2009. This is of concern because if a system does not monitor and report on the 

quality of its water, it is impossible to know if there are health-based violations.

As with systems outside of Indian country, the number of Indian country systems in significant 

noncompliance at the same point in time (July) from one year to the next. The decrease has been less 

dramatic than in the U.S. as a whole, but EPA expects the trend to continue as the 2009 SDWA 

Enforcement Response Policy is implemented.

Conclusions

The rates at which violations occur, according to data provided by primacy agencies, was substantially 

unchanged from 2008 and in fact over four years for which trends were calculated. 

However, the number of systems in significant noncompliance at the same point in time from one year to 

the next has decreased steadily. This reflects efforts on the part of EPA and states to provide assistance 

and other informal means to prevent noncompliance, address violations in a timely manner, and return 

violating systems to compliance as expeditiously as possible. EPA believes that these rates are too high 

and that additional efforts are necessary to improve compliance.

EPA recognizes that drinking water systems in Indian country are much more likely than those outside of 

Indian country to be in significant noncompliance. EPA is redoubling its efforts to prevent and address 

noncompliance in Indian country in an effort to reduce the disparity. 

Compliance statistics are based on violations reported by states to the Safe Drinking Water Information 

System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of some data in this system. EPA is working 

with the states to improve the quality of the data.

R ecommendations

1. I mprove Compliance R ates

States, territories, Navajo Nation, and EPA should continue working together to return violating systems 

to compliance, as efficiently and effectively as possible. Pursuing the more holistic, systems-based 

approach to addressing noncompliance in all regions and states is an important element of improving 

performance among public water systems.

2. I mprove Data Quality

Without accurate and complete data from primacy agencies, EPA cannot fulfill its oversight responsibility 

to fully assess the state of compliance at the nation’s public water systems. At the same time, complete 

and accurate information is not available to the public. For these reasons, data quality improvement 

should remain a high priority for EPA and the states.

Some of the next steps EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders have agreed to undertake include:

 Improving transparency to the public about compliance at PWSs via EPA’s ECHO (Enforcement and 

Compliance History Online, http://www.epa-echo.gov/echo/) website and providing online error 

reporting;

 Streamlining data reporting;

 Conducting more training to ensure regulatory staff can accurately determine compliance with 

drinking water rules and data entry staff can upload complete and accurate data to SDWIS/FED;
20

 Encouraging states to issue annual reminders to water systems of their compliance monitoring 

schedules;

 Working with the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators to implement its updated 2006 

Data Reliability Analysis and Action Plan (DRAAP)

http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/databases/pdfs/report_data_datareliability_2006.pdf;

 Negotiating grant conditions with several states to encourage them to follow quality assurance/quality 

control plans for drinking water violation data reported to EPA and address the differences in 

interpretation of the regulation; and

 Working with all states to implement the EPA Order CIO 2105.0 dealing with requirements for 

quality management systems.

3. Maintain Oversight of State and E PA E nforcement Programs

EPA regions continue to work with states to evaluate how well public water systems comply with the 

rules and whether enforcement actions are protecting public health. 

In December 2009, EPA issued a revised SDWA Enforcement Response Policy to regions and states. 

The revised policy includes a formula for prioritizing systems in significant noncompliance for formal 

enforcement action to ensure that the most important problems are addressed in a timely and appropriate 

manner and systems are returned to compliance. The policy establishes a timeframe within which regions 

and states are asked to address all significant noncompliance at a system, rather than on a rule-by-rule 

basis. This approach, developed in partnership with regions and states, has been implemented on an ad 

hoc basis for several years, and has been successful in reducing the number of systems with unaddressed 

significant noncompliance. Given the potential lag time between identification of noncompliance and the 

subsequent return to compliance, compliance data may not reflect results of implementing this new policy 

for one or two years.

4. Capacity Development for Small Systems

EPA recognizes the challenges facing small drinking water systems serving 3,300 or fewer customers, 

and provides tools and assistance for capacity development, which refers to the technical, financial and 

managerial capacity of a system to provide safe drinking water. The SDWA Capacity Development 

program also provides information about treatment technology options for small systems. Examples of 

EPA’s capacity development include:

 States and EPA promoting compliance with existing drinking water requirements by conducting 

numerous assistance activities, such as on-site visits and the distribution of easy-to-read guides and 

checklists.

 EPA funding, establishing, and maintaining the Local Government Environmental Assistance 

Network (LGEAN) website, a source of free information on current and developing SDWA 

requirements (as well as technical assistance, peer counseling, and financial guidance). LGEAN can 

be accessed on the internet at www.lgean.org or by calling toll-free 1-877-TO-LGEAN (865-4326). 

 EPA establishing and maintaining the Financing for Environmental Compliance website to provide 

financial and technical assistance resources to help communities create a plan to finance 

environmental capital assets. The website can be accessed at: 

http://www.epa.gov/compliance/assistance/financing/steps.

 EPA developing tools and resources that can assist small systems with implementing drinking water 

regulations and managing their systems while still providing adequate public health protection. These

tools and resources can be accessed at http://water.epa.gov/type/drink/pws/smallsystems/index.cfm.

5. E nforcement
21

 The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement actions against violating public water systems both to 

deter violations and to ensure public health protection.

 The Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance made compliance at public water systems in 

Indian country a national priority between 2005 and 2009. As a part of this effort, EPA worked 

closely with tribal governments, utility managers and water system operators with particular emphasis 

on compliance with microbial rules and standards for nitrates. EPA also enhanced the availability of 

SDWA compliance assistance available to tribes via the Tribal Portal at 

http://www.epa.gov/tribalcompliance/drinkwater/index.html

 Until 2006, states and regions addressed noncompliance in their jurisdictions focusing on one rule at a 

time. A system could be returned to compliance with one rule but still be out of compliance with 

other rules. In 2006, EPA began asking states and regions to address all noncompliance at a system at 

one time, rather than addressing noncompliance one rule at a time. This change in practice 

represented a more efficient use of resources, and has resulted in a steady decline in the number of 

systems in significant noncompliance at the same time each year. Between 2006 and 2009, the 

number of systems in significant noncompliance in July of each year decreased from 12,596 to 6,466, 

a decrease of 47 percent.

 EPA, in December 2009, issued a revised enforcement response policy that clarifies state and Federal 

roles and responsibilities, timeframes, and mechanisms for returning violating systems to compliance 

(described above under “3. Maintain Oversight of State and EPA Programs”). Simultaneously, EPA 

began using a process to prioritize violating systems for formal enforcement based on weighted 

factors, such as type of violation, duration of noncompliance, and repeat offenses. This tool is 

expected to ensure that enforcement resources are directed to noncompliant systems where they will 

have greatest impact on protecting public health.

 An important component of implementing this new policy is ensuring that compliance and 

enforcement data are entered accurately, completely, and in a timely manner by EPA, states and tribes 

with primacy. EPA is confident that these efforts will better target enforcement resources to systems 

that pose the greatest risk to public health, and will help improve the quality and quantity of data 

available to the public, and for monitoring and implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
A-1

Appendix A - Glossary of Terms

Administr ative Or der

Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a state requiring action to address noncompliance at a 

public water system, usually by means of a compliance schedule with enforceable milestone dates.

C hemical R ules

Refers collectively to regulations that protect the public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals, 

inorganic chemicals (including lead and copper), and radioactivity in drinking water.

C ommunity W ater System

A public water system that serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or 

regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents (e.g., homes, apartments and condominiums that are 

occupied year-round as primary residences).

C onsumer C onfidence R ule (CCR )

Requires community water systems to prepare and provide to their customers annual consumer 

confidence reports on the quality of the water delivered by the systems.

Disinfection/Disinfectant B y-Pr oduct R ule (DB PR )

Applies to community water systems and nontransient non-community systems, including those serving 

fewer than 10,000 people, that add a disinfectant to the drinking water during any part of the treatment 

process. The Stage 1 DBPR specifically addresses risks associated with disinfectants and disinfectant 

byproducts. This rule was published concurrently with the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment 

Rule (IESWTR), which addresses control of microbial pathogens.

F eder ally-r ecognized I ndian T r ibe

An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, community, or Alaska Native Village that the Secretary of the 

Interior acknowledges to exist as an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List 

Act of 1994, 25 U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the Department of the Interior, the list of Federallyrecognized tribes is updated periodically and published in the Federal Register. The latest list of 

Federally-recognized Indian tribes is available at 74 Federal Register (FR) 40218 (August 11, 2009).

H ealth-based V iolation

A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant Level or a Treatment Technique requirement.

I nter im E nhanced Sur face W ater T r eatment R ule (I E SW T R )

Applies to systems using surface water, or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water, that 

serve more than 10,000 persons. The rule also includes provisions for states to conduct sanitary surveys 

for surface water systems regardless of system size.

L ar ge System

A public water system that serves more than 10,000 people.

L ead and C opper R ule (L C R )

Requires a public water system to take steps to minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper in 

drinking water by monitoring for these contaminants, installing corrosion control where required, and, 

where necessary, educating the public about ways to reduce exposure. A system may also be required to 

treat its source water or replace lead service lines.
A-2

M aximum C ontaminant L evel

The maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water delivered to any user of a public water system.

M onitor ing and R epor ting V iolation

Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and reporting schedule or violation of contaminant-specific 

minimum testing schedules and operational reporting requirements. Those monitoring and reporting 

violations considered “significant” for the purposes of the state and national public water system 

compliance reports are described below in Table A–1.

Non-tr ansient Non-community W ater System

A non-community public water system that regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons over six 

months per year. A typical example of a non-transient non-community water system is a school or an 

office building that has its own water source, such as a drinking water well.

Pr imacy

The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA, states, and Tribes to work as partners to ensure delivery of 

safe drinking water to the public. Any state or Indian Tribe can request responsibility for operation and 

oversight of the drinking water program within its borders. In order to receive this responsibility (called 

“primary enforcement authority” or “primacy”), a state or Tribe must show that, among other things, it 

has adopted drinking water regulations that are at least as stringent as Federal regulations, and 

demonstrate its capacity both to enforce those regulations and to implement other activities necessary to 

ensure compliance.

In the absence of state or Tribal primacy, EPA assumes responsibility for administering the drinking 

water program for that area. Of the 56 eligible States (defined to include Commonwealths, Territories, 

and the District of Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of Columbia have primacy. During 

calendar year 2009, the EPA Regional Offices administered the drinking water program within these two 

jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands, except for the Navajo Nation.

Public W ater System (PW S)

A system for the provision to the public of water for human consumption through pipes or other 

constructed conveyances, if such system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves at least 25 

individuals at least 60 days out of the year. A public water system can be either a community water 

system, a non-transient non-community water system, or a transient non-community water system.

R adionuclides

Radioactive particles, such as radium-226, radium-228, gross alpha, and beta particle/photon 

radioactivity, can occur naturally in water or may result from human activity. EPA has established MCLs 

for uranium, beta/photon emitters, alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228.

Significant V iolations

Significant violations include all violations of health-based standards, including exceedances of 

Maximum Contaminant Limits (MCLs) and violations of treatment technique rules; certain notification 

violations (i.e., complete failure to provide required notification); and major monitoring and reporting 

violations (failure to sample or to report results during a compliance period).

Small Systems

Public water systems that serve no more than 3,300 people.

Sur face W ater T r eatment R ule (SW T R )
A-3

The Surface Water Treatment Rule requires a public water system served by surface water or by 

groundwater under the influence of surface water to take steps (such as disinfection, filtration followed by 

disinfection, or watershed control) to reduce potential exposure to microbiological contamination.

T otal C olifor m R ule (T C R )

The Total Coliform Rule establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water distribution systems. Although 

coliform bacteria, which are found in decaying organic material and in the intestinal tract of humans and 

animals, are usually not harmful to human health, their presence may indicate the presence of other, more 

dangerous microbial contamination.

T r ansient Non-community W ater System

A non-community water system that regularly serves at least 25 people (but not the same 25) over six 

months per year. A typical example is a campground or a highway rest stop that has its own water source, 

such as a drinking water well.

T r eatment T echnique

In cases where EPA has determined it is not technically or economically feasible to establish an MCL, the 

Agency can instead specify a treatment technique. These are treatment methods required by EPA to 

minimize the level of a contaminant in drinking water.

V ar iances and E xemptions

A public water system that cannot comply with a drinking water standard because of poor source water 

quality, or, in the case of small systems, inadequate financial resources, can be granted a variance to 

comply with less stringent, but still protective standards based on a specific EPA-approved technology 

available to the system. An exemption allows a PWS with compelling circumstances (including economic 

considerations) additional time to achieve compliance with applicable SDWA requirements, so long as 

public health is adequately protected.
A-4

TABLE A-1: SI G NI F I C A NT M ONI T OR I NG A ND R E POR T I NG V I O L A T I ONS F OR 

ANNUAL STAT E PUBL IC WAT E R SY ST E M R E POR TS

R ule V iolation T ype Descr iption

SDWIS 

V iolation 

C ode1

SDWIS 

C ontaminant 

C ode

T otal C olifor m R ule

Major routine No samples collected during a compliance 

period. 23 3100

Major repeat No follow-up samples collected after a positive 

total coliform sample or no speciation. 25 3100

Sur face W ater T r eatment 

R ule

Major (filtered) Collected less than 90% of samples required 

during a compliance period. 36 200

Major (unfiltered) Collected less than 90% of samples required 

during a compliance period. 31 200

I nter im E nhanced 

Sur face W ater T r eatment 

R ule/ 

L ong T er m 1

Major

Failure to produce and/or report to state 

individual filter profile within 7 days of 

exceedance (>0.5 NTU in 2 consecutive 

measurements taken 15 minutes apart).

29

300

Major

Failure to produce and/or report to state 

individual filter profile within 7 days of 

exceedance (>1.0 NTU in 2 consecutive 

measurements taken 15 minutes apart).

Major

Failure to conduct and/or report to state a selfassessment of an individual filter within 14 days 

of exceedance (>1.0 NTU in 2 consecutive 

measurements taken 15 minutes apart in each of 

3 consecutive months).

Major

Failure to have a CPE conducted by state or third 

party no later than 30 days after exceedance (>2.0 

NTU in 2 consecutive measurements taken 15 

minutes apart in 2 consecutive months) and have 

the CPE completed and submitted to the state no 

later than 90 days following the exceedance.

Major Failure to collect and report at least 90% of 

required samples.

38

Major

Failure to report that the system has conducted 

all individual filter monitoring to the state within 

10 days after the end of each month.

Major

Failure to report that the system has exceeded 1.0 

NTU (or maximum set by state) in representative 

samples by end of next business day.

N/A Failure to maintain the results of individual filter 

monitoring for at least 3 years. 9

L ead and 

C opper R ule

Initial lead and 

copper tap

Either failed to collect the initial tap samples, 

and then failed to correct that omission within a) 

3 months for large systems, b) 6 months for 

medium systems or c) 12 months for small 

systems; or failed to submit the associated report.

51 5000

Follow-up or routine 

lead and copper tap Failure to collect 1 or more required samples. 52 5000
A-5

TABLE A-1: SI G NI F I C A NT M ONI T OR I NG A ND R E POR T I NG V I O L A T I ONS F OR 

ANNUAL STAT E PUBL IC WAT E R SY ST E M R E POR TS

R ule V iolation T ype Descr iption

SDWIS 

V iolation 

C ode1

SDWIS 

C ontaminant 

C ode

Stage 1 Disinfection 

B ypr oducts Regular monitoring Failure to collect any required samples2

. 27 By contaminant

C

h

e

m

Phase I , I I , I I B and 

V R ules Regular monitoring Failure to collect any required samples2

. 03, 04 By contaminant

R adionuclides Regular monitoring Failure to collect any required samples2. 03, 04

4000, 4100, 

4010, 4006, 

4101, 4102, 4174

1

2

EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting violations 

associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code.

Failure to collect “any required sample” means none of the required samples were collected.
A-6

TABLE A-2: SUM M A R Y OF DR I NK I NG W A T E R R E G UL A T I ONS F OR 

PUB L I C W A T E R SY ST E M S DUR I NG 2009

A pplicability of R egulations

C ontaminant/R ule C ommunity W ater Systems Non-T r ansient NonC ommunity W ater Systems

T r ansient Non-C ommunity 

W ater Systems

Or ganic C ontaminants All

All (Note: acrylamide and 

epichlorohydrin do not have 

MCLs and only have treatment 

techniques)

None

T otal T r ihalomethanes 

C ontaminants (T T H M )

All PWSs, using surface water or 

ground water under the direct 

influence of surface water 

(GWUDI), which disinfect their 

water (a.k.a. Subpart H systems)

All PWSs, using surface water 

or GWUDI, which disinfect 

their water (a.k.a. Subpart H 

systems) 

All PWSs, using surface water 

or GWUDI, which disinfect 

their water (a.k.a. Subpart H 

systems)

I nor ganic C ontaminants 

(I OC s) All

Prior to the 2001 Arsenic Rule, 

all IOCs except for arsenic. 

After the 2001 Arsenic Rule all 

IOCs.

None

Nitr ate and Nitr ite 

C ontaminants All All All

R adionuclide C ontaminants All None None

T otal C olifor m R ule All All All

Sur face W ater T r eatment

Some 

Only PWSs using surface water or 

GWUDI

Some 

Only PWSs using surface water 

or GWUDI

Some 

Only PWSs using surface water 

or GWUDI

L ead and C opper R ule All All None

I nter im E nhanced Sur face 

W ater T r eatment R ule

For sanitary surveys all PWSs 

using surface water or GWUDI; 

for other requirements those 

systems serving 10,000 or more 

people

For sanitary surveys all PWSs 

using surface water or GWUDI; 

for other requirements those 

systems serving 10,000 or more 

people

For sanitary surveys all PWSs 

using surface water or GWUDI; 

for other requirements those 

systems serving 10,000 or more 

people

Stage 1 

Disinfectant/Disinfection B yPr oduct R ule

All PWSs adding a disinfectant to 

the drinking water

All PWSs adding disinfectant to 

the drinking water

Those PWSs using chlorine 

dioxide 

F ilter B ackwash R ecycling 

R ule

Conventional or direct filtration 

PWSs using surface water or 

GWUDI and recycle spent filter 

backwash, thickener supernatant, 

or liquids from dewatering 

processes

Conventional or direct filtration 

PWSs using surface water or 

GWUDI and recycle spent filter 

backwash, thickener 

supernatant, or liquids from 

dewatering processes

Conventional or direct filtration 

PWSs using surface water or 

GWUDI and recycle spent filter 

backwash, thickener 

supernatant, or liquids from 

dewatering processes

Public Notification All All All

C onsumer C onfidence R ule All None None
B-1

Appendix B Summaries of State Annual

Compliance Reports

C ontents

Alabama ..............................................................................B-6

Alaska .................................................................................B-7

American Samoa .................................................................B-8

Arizona................................................................................B-9

Arkansas............................................................................ B-10

California .......................................................................... B-11

Colorado ........................................................................... B-12

Connecticut ......................................................................B-13

Delaware .......................................................................... B-14

District of Columbia .........................................................B-15

Florida .............................................................................. B-16

Georgia ............................................................................. B-17

Guam ................................................................................ B-18

Hawaii .............................................................................. B-19

Idaho ................................................................................ B-20

Illinois .............................................................................. B-21

Indiana .............................................................................. B-22

Iowa .................................................................................. B-23

Kansas .............................................................................. B-24

Kentucky .......................................................................... B-25

Louisiana .......................................................................... B-26

Maine ...............................................................................B-27 

Maryland .......................................................................... B-28

Massachusetts ...................................................................B-29

Michigan .......................................................................... B-30

Minnesota ......................................................................... B-31

Mississippi ....................................................................... B-32

Missouri ........................................................................... B-33

Montana ........................................................................... B-34

 

Navajo Nation ...................................................................B-35

Nebraska ...........................................................................B-36

Nevada ..............................................................................B-37

New Hampshire ................................................................B-38

New Jersey ........................................................................B-39

New Mexico .....................................................................B-40

New York .........................................................................B-41

North Carolina ..................................................................B-42

North Dakota ....................................................................B-43

Northern Mariana Islands .................................................B-44

Ohio ..................................................................................B-45

Oklahoma .........................................................................B-46

Oregon ..............................................................................B-47

Pennsylvania .....................................................................B-48

Puerto Rico .......................................................................B-49

Rhode Island .....................................................................B-50

South Carolina ..................................................................B-51

South Dakota ....................................................................B-52

Tennessee .........................................................................B-53

Texas .................................................................................B-54

Utah ..................................................................................B-55

Vermont ............................................................................B-56

Virgin Islands ...................................................................B-57

Virginia .............................................................................B-58

Washington .......................................................................B-59

West Virginia ....................................................................B-60

Wisconsin .........................................................................B-61

Wyoming ...........................................................................B-62
B-2

This Appendix presents a summary of each primacy agency 

report in a standardized format. The format includes an 

overall summary of the violations data specified in Section 

1414 of the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) 

Amendments (i.e., violations with respect to maximum 

contaminant levels (MCLs), treatment technique violations, 

significant monitoring and reporting requirements, 

significant notification violations and variances and 

exemptions).

In 2009, EPA received Public Water System Compliance 

Reports from 33 of the 55 primacy states, Commonwealths, 

Territories and tribes. As in past years, American Samoa, 

Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Navajo Nation did 

not submit reports and, with limited exceptions, did not 

supply information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did not receive 

reports from 22 primacy agencies as indicated in Table B-1. 

Appendix B supplies what information is available in 

SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at public water systems 

in the states, Commonwealths, Territories and tribes that did 

not submit compliance reports in 2009.

EPA prepared reports for the District of Columbia and 

Wyoming, which did not have primary enforcement 

responsibility for drinking water in calendar year 2009.

V iolations for 2009

EPA summarizes the number of MCL/Maximum 

Disinfectant Residual Level (MDRL), treatment technique 

and significant monitoring and reporting violations1 reported 

by each state in six categories:

• Violations of chemical contaminant requirements2

• Violations of the Total Coliform Rule

• Violations of the Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, Long 

Term Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and 

Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

• Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule

 1 A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations 

appears in Appendix A.

2 MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total 

trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and radionuclide contaminants. 

• Significant Notification or Consumer Confidence Rule 

Violations

• Violations of the Disinfection/Disinfectant Byproducts 

Rule.

EPA summarizes the numbers of individual public water 

systems in violation in each of these six categories, as 

reported by the state. If a state’s report did not include 

information in a category, EPA’s summary notes the 

omission.

2009 T otals

EPA also summarizes the total number of systems in each 

state, the total number of significant violations reported and 

the total number of PWSs in violation, if the state reported 

this information. When states did not provide information 

on the total number of public water systems, EPA supplied 

that information from the SDWIS/FED.

Systems in V iolation

Systems in Violation is defined as the number of different 

systems with a reported violation of this type. Some states 

counted a system with multiple violations or violations in 

more than one category as one violating system. Other states 

counted a violating system each time it had a violation, or 

once for each of the regulatory categories in which it had a 

violation. If EPA’s review of a state’s report indicated some 

violating systems were counted more than once, an asterisk 

notes that the state’s number possibly overcounts violating 

systems.

V ar iances and E xemptions

No states reported a violation of a variance or exemption in 

2009.

W her e to Obtain the 2009 A nnual Public W ater Systems 

R epor t

If a primacy agency’s report includes information on how to 

obtain a copy of the report, that information is provided on 

the primacy agency’s summary page in this Appendix.

This Appendix summarizes the data reported by states, 

Commonwealths, Territories, and tribes, but does not 

interpret it. Therefore, other factors must be taken into 

account before drawing conclusions about a program. For 

example, PWSs are required to report all violations to the 

primacy agency, but drinking water programs vary in the 

regulations they choose to emphasize. A primacy agency 

that decided to focus attention and resources on one 

particular rule may have discovered and reported many 

more violations of that rule than a primacy agency that 

chose to focus on a different rule. A disproportionate 

number of violations in a state, Commonwealth, Territory, 

or tribe could also indicate that the primacy agency needs 

to work with its PWSs to improve their compliance. 

Readers are cautioned to view the violations data provided 

in the summaries within the context of each primacy 

agency and its individual drinking water program.
B-3

Table B-1: Summary of Elements Reported in the 2009 State Reports

State

Submitted 

Report

Reported on Violation Categories

Reported 

on V/E

Provided 

Inventory 

Information

Identified 

Size and 

Type of 

Violating 

Systems

Discussed 

Compliance 

and 

Enforcement 

Responses

Identified 

Each System 

with MCL 

and TT 

Violations

Provided 

Information 

to Public 

on 

Availability

Provided 

Additional 

Information CCR MCL M/R 1 TT

Alabama REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Alaska X X X X X X X X X

American Samoa REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Arizona REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Arkansas X X X X X X X X X X X X

California REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Colorado X X X X X X X X X X

Connecticut X X X X X X X X X X X X

Delaware X X X X X X X X X X

District of Columbia X X X X X X X X X X X

Florida X X X X X X X X

Georgia REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Guam REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Hawaii X X X X X X X X X X X

Idaho REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Illinois X X X X X X X X X X X

Indiana X X X X X X X X X X X X

Iowa X X X X X X X X X X X X

Kansas X X X X X X X X X X X X

Kentucky REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Louisiana REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Maine REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Maryland X X X X X X X X X X X

Massachusetts REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Michigan X X X X X X X X X X

Minnesota X X X X X X X X X X X

Mississippi REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Missouri X X X X X X X

Montana X X X X X X

Navajo Nation REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Nebraska X X X X X X X X X X

Nevada X X X X X X X X X X

New Hampshire X

New Jersey REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

New Mexico X X X X X X X X X X

New York X X X X X X X X X X

North Carolina REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

North Dakota X X X X X X X X X

Northern Mariana 

Islands REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Ohio REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Oklahoma X X X X X X X X X X

Oregon REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Pennsylvania X X X X X X X X X X X X

Puerto Rico X X X X X X X X X X

1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
B-4

Table B-1: Summary of Elements Reported in the 2009 State Reports

State

Submitted 

Report

Reported on Violation Categories

Reported 

on V/E

Provided 

Inventory 

Information

Identified 

Size and 

Type of 

Violating 

Systems

Discussed 

Compliance 

and 

Enforcement 

Responses

Identified 

Each System 

with MCL 

and TT 

Violations

Provided 

Information 

to Public 

on

Availability

Provided 

Additional 

Information CCR MCL M/R 1 TT

Rhode Island X X X X X X X X

South Carolina REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

South Dakota X X X X X X X X X

Tennessee X X X X X X X X X X

Texas REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Utah REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

Vermont X X X X X X X X X X X X

Virgin Islands X X X X X X X X X

Virginia X X X X X X X X X X X

Washington REPORT NOT SUBMITTED.

West Virginia X X X X X X X X X X

Wisconsin X X X X X X X X X

Wyoming X X X X X X X X X X X

1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
B-5

Table B-2: Summary of the Total Number of Regulated Systems, Systems with Significant

Violations and Significant Violations Reported in the 2009 State Reports or SDWIS/FED

State

Total 

Number of 

Regulated 

Systems

Total Number of 

Systems with 

Significant 

Violations

Total 

Number of 

Significant 

Violations State

Total 

Number of 

Regulated 

Systems

Total Number of 

Systems with 

Significant 

Violations

Total 

Number of 

Significant 

Violations

Alabama 620 NR 361 Navajo Nation 163 NR 151

Alaska 1,573 665 2,202 Nebraska 1,328 294 532

American Samoa 16 NR 65 Nevada 552 204 606†

Arizona 1,590 NR 3,254 New Hampshire 2,413 NR 1,202

Arkansas 1,119 332 606 New Jersey 3,864 NR 1,741

California 7,223 NR 2,577 New Mexico 1,221 451** 843†

Colorado 2,035 717* 2,560 New York 9,147 4,145 7,484

Connecticut 2,692 NR 2,849 North Carolina 6,268 NR 4,173

Delaware 486 72 105 North Dakota 499 98 164

District of Columbia 7 1 1 Northern Mariana Islands 88 NR 117

Florida 5,592 914 1,193 Ohio 4,985 NR 2,363

Georgia 2,467 NR 1,481 Oklahoma 1,568 999*** 3,646†

Guam 9 NR 1 Oregon 2,630 NR 5,727

Hawaii 129 18 18 Pennsylvania 9,380 2,779** 9,284†

Idaho 1,973 NR 1,701 Puerto Rico 493 NR 2,419

Illinois 5,686 1,119 4,954 Rhode Island 484 151 219

Indiana 4,240 1,647 4,396 South Carolina 1,493 NR 233

Iowa 1,984 546** 1,114 South Dakota 655 188** 606

Kansas 1,033 272 526 Tennessee 868 159 253

Kentucky 479 NR 494 Texas 6,859 NR 3,073

Louisiana 1,436 NR 715 Utah 1,015 NR 2,156

Maine 1,910 NR 1,515 Vermont 1,365 507 1,167

Maryland 3,488 NR 1,260 Virgin Islands 301 NR 522

Massachusetts 1,780 NR 469 Virginia 2,879 885 2,395

Michigan 11,450 1,347** 2,163 Washington 4,341 NR 7,439

Minnesota 7,224 NR 419 West Virginia 1,106 NR 2,521

Mississippi 1,273 NR 423 Wisconsin 11,422 NR 2,609

Missouri 2,788 NR NR Wyoming 778 124 193

Montana 695 NR 1,902

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

**Possible overcounting of violating systems. Includes systems violating public notification requirements.

***The total number of violating systems in the report does not include systems violating Stage 2 DBPR.

†The total number of violations in the report differs from the calculated total.
B-6

State of Alabama 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 193 34*

Total Coliform Rule 25 23 19 17

Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Interim Enhanced Surface 

Water Treatment Rule, Long 

Term Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule and Filter 

Backwash Recycling Rule

1 1 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 73 61

Consumer Confidence Report 21 21

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 25** 15** NR** NR** 3 3

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

**MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 620 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 361 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Alabama did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
B-7

State of Alaska 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 12 7 337 76

Total Coliform Rule 21 17 657 387

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

125 48 236 70

Lead and Copper Rule 15 13 425 236

Consumer Confidence Report 93 43

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 73 20 7 5 201 101

2009

Total Number of 1,573 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 665 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 2,202 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Alaska’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

Web Site: http://www.dec.state.ak.us/eh/dw/dwmain/violations.html

Alaska DEC

Drinking Water Program

555 Cordova Street

Anchorage, AK 99501

Contact: Jeanine Oakland

Email: jeanine.oakland@alaska.gov
B-8

State of American Samoa 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 60 6 0 0

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

5 5 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0

2009

Total Number of 16 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 65 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

American Samoa did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
B-9

State of Arizona 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 204 81 568 144*

Total Coliform Rule 79 62 919 481

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 499 306

Consumer Confidence Report 500 295

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 485 241

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 1,590 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 3,254 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Arizona did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-10

State of Arkansas 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 21 5* 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 121 100 215 151

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

24 12 26 13

Lead and Copper Rule 13 11 44 32

Consumer Confidence Report 27 27

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 92 45 2 1 21 12

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 1,119 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 332 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 606 Violations

Where to Obtain 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Arkansas’ State Report is available at all local health units in Arkansas or by accessing the state’s website.

Website: http://www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/viol.htm
B-11

State of California 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 548 224 79 72*

Total Coliform Rule 476 346 459 358

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

149 59 17 8

Lead and Copper Rule 8 7 369 341

Consumer Confidence Report 260 191

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 192** 61** NR** NR** 34 22

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

**MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 7,223 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 2,577 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

California did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-12

State of Colorado 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 86 60 1,525 186

Total Coliform Rule 68 49 363 260

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

32 17 109 60

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 170 138

Consumer Confidence Report 12 12

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 35 13 2 2 157 123

2009

Total Number of 2,035 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 717* Systems in Violation

Total Number of 2,560 Violations

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Colorado’s State Report is available by contacting:

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

Water Quality Control Division/Compliance Assurance Section

Attention: Annual Compliance Report

CADM-B2

4300 Cherry Creek Drive South

Denver, CO 80246

Rick Koplitz

WQCD Drinking Water Compliance Assurance Unit

Telephone: (303) 692-3664

Email: rick.koplitz@state.co.us
B-13

State of Connecticut 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 206 40* 1,685 137*

Total Coliform Rule 239 163 467 342

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

NR NR NR NR

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 45 45

Consumer Confidence Report 150 112

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 1 1 0 0 55 29

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 2,692 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 2,849 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Connecticut’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s website or by contacting:

Drinking Water Section offices

Department of Public Health

450 Capitol Avenue

Hartford, CT 06106-1365

Telephone: (860) 509-7333

Website: http://www.ct.gov/dph
B-14

State of Delaware 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 26* 18* 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 43 41 0 0

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 28 28

Consumer Confidence Report 5 5

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 3 3 NR NR 0 0

*The state report gives different counts in several tables in the report. Counts from the summary table are shown here.

2009

Total Number of 486 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 72 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 105 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Delaware's State Report is available by contacting:

Office of Drinking Water

Division of Public Health

Blue Hen Corporate Center

655 South Bay Road, Suite 203

Dover, Delaware 19901

Telephone: (302) 741-8630

Fax: (302) 741-8631
B-15

District of Columbia 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 1 1 0 0

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0

2009

Total Number of 7 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 1 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 1 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

District of Columbia's Report is available by contacting:

Jennie Perey Saxe, Ph.D.

District of Columbia PWSS Direct Implementation Team Leader

Drinking Water Branch (3WP21)

U.S. EPA Region 3

1650 Arch Street

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029

Phone: (215) 814-5806

Fax: (215) 814-2318

E-mail:saxe.jennie@epa.gov

Website: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/Dcdrinking/index.htm
B-16

State of Florida 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 30 20* 105 101

Total Coliform Rule 157 135 347 268

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 87 76

Consumer Confidence Report 16 16

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 224 93 NR NR 227 209

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 5,592 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 914 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 1,193 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Florida's State Report is available by accessing the state's website: 

Website: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/drinkingwater
B-17

State of Georgia 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 92 26 1 1

Total Coliform Rule 76 68 367 278

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

1 1 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 438 337

Consumer Confidence Report 471 370

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 22* 21* NR* NR* 11 11

*MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 2,467 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 1,481 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Georgia did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-18

Guam 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 1 1

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0

2009

Total Number of 9 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 1 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Guam did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-19

State of Hawaii 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 6 6

Total Coliform Rule 3 3 1 1

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

2 2 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 5 5

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0

2009

Total Number of 129 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 18 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 18 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Hawaii’s State Report is available by contacting:

Hawaii Department of Health

Environmental Management Division

Safe Drinking Water Branch

919 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 308

Honolulu, HI 96814-4920

Attention: Stuart Yamada, P.E., Chief

Telephone: (808) 586-4258

Fax: (808) 586-4351

E-mail: sdwb@doh.hawaii.gov
B-20

State of Idaho 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 129 52 840 198*

Total Coliform Rule 181 143 391 282

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

17 9 13 11

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 47 42

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 5** 4** NR** NR** 77 45

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

**MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 1,973 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 1,701 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Idaho did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-21

State of Illinois 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 216 65* 3,921 677*

Total Coliform Rule 147 141 185 172

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

14 9 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 7 7 70 70

Consumer Confidence Report 213 88

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 32 14 6 3 143 131

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 5,686 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 1,119 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 4,954 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Illinois’ State Report is available by accessing the state's website or by contacting:

Illinois EPA

Bureau of Water, Compliance Assurance Section

1021 North Grand Avenue East

Springfield, IL 62794

Contact: Mike Crumly

Email: mike.crumly@illinois.gov

Telephone: (217) 785-0561

Fax: (217) 557-1407

Website: http://www.epa.state.il.us/water/compliance/drinking-water/compliance-report/index.html
B-22

State of Indiana 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 69 45* 2,182 468*

Total Coliform Rule 365 319 1,520 1,075

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

5 3 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 116 92

Consumer Confidence Report 48 37

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 31 10 4 1 55 30

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 4,240 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 1,647 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 4,396 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Indiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's website or by contacting:

Indiana Department of Environmental Management

Office of Water Management

Drinking Water Branch

Telephone: (317) 234-7435

Website: http://www.in.gov/idem/5093.htm
B-23

State of Iowa 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 83 30 275 130

Total Coliform Rule 238 137 344 208

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

3 2 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 26 23* 18 9

Consumer Confidence Report 3 3

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 28 19

* Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 1,984 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 546** Systems in Violation

Total Number of 1,114 Violations

** Possible overcounting of violating systems. Includes systems violating public notification requirements.

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Iowa's State Report is available by accessing the state's website or by contacting:

Iowa Department of Natural Resources-Water Supply

401 SW 7th St., Suite M

Des Moines, IA 50309-4611

Facsimile: (515) 725-0348

Website: http://www.iowadnr.gov/water/drinking/reports.html
B-24

State of Kansas 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 122 42* 5 5

Total Coliform Rule 46 44 143 97

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

34 7 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 3 3

Consumer Confidence Report 19 19

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 127 46 27 10 0 0

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 1,033 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 272 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 526 Violations

Where to Obtain 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Kansas’ State Report is available by accessing the state’s website: 

Website: http://www.kdheks.gov/pws/
B-25

State of Kentucky 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 208 22*

Total Coliform Rule 17 14 24 5

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

4 4 22 4

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 58 39

Consumer Confidence Report 54 36

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 73** 25** NR** NR** 34 14

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

**MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 479 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 494 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Kentucky did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-26

State of Louisiana 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 156 117 32 30

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

5 1 27 6

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 226 197

Consumer Confidence Report 232 185

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 25* 17* NR* NR* 12 6

*MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 1,436 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 715 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Louisiana did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-27

State of Maine 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 21 10 240 134*

Total Coliform Rule 178 128 787 484

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

12 9 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 37 29 138 107

Consumer Confidence Report 44 34

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 52** 13** NR** NR** 6 3

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

**MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 1,910 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 1,515 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Maine did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-28

State of Maryland 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 61 30 201 128*

Total Coliform Rule 287 252* 348 201

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

13 12 8 5

Lead and Copper Rule 66 66 133 131*

Consumer Confidence Report 65 59

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 74 5 0 0 4 2

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 3,488 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 1,260 Violations

Where to Obtain 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

The Maryland State Report did not provide information regarding public availability.
B-29

State of Massachusetts 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 241 152 99 82

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

3 2 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 77 71

Consumer Confidence Report 21 20

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 3* 2* NR* NR* 23 16

*MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 1,780 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 469 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Massachusetts did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-30

State of Michigan 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 131 130 625 468

Total Coliform Rule 382 287 869 717

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 120 98

Consumer Confidence Report 15 14

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 13 2 2 1 5 4

2009

Total Number of 11,450 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 1,347* Systems in Violation

Total Number of 2,163 Violations

*Possible overcounting of violating systems. Includes systems violating public notification requirements.

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Michigan’s State Report is available by accessing the state's website or by contacting:

DNRE/ERMD

P.O. Box 30241

Lansing, MI 48909

Mr. Daniel Dettweiler:

Telephone: (517) 241-1373

E-mail: dettweilerd@michigan.gov

Ms. Kristen Philip

Telephone: (517) 241-1238

E-mail: philipk@michigan.gov

Website: http://www.michigan.gov/deq

Click Water, then Drinking Water, then Community Water Supply
B-31

State of Minnesota 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 91 91* 7 7

Total Coliform Rule 171 167* 66 57

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

8 8* 8 5

Lead and Copper Rule 6 6 43 43

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 3 3 0 0 16 16

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 7,224 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 419 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Minnesota’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s website or by contacting:

Minnesota Department of Health

Division of Environmental Health

Drinking Water Protection Section

625 N. Robert St.

PO Box 64975

St. Paul, MN 55164-0975

Telephone: (651) 201-4700

Website: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/com/dwar/report09.html
B-32

State of Mississippi 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 42 2

Total Coliform Rule 69 64 21 20

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 58 53

Consumer Confidence Report 113 74

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 89* 29* NR* NR* 29 27

*MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 1,273 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 423 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Mississippi did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-33

State of Missouri 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group NR NR NR NR

Total Coliform Rule NR NR NR NR

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

NR NR NR NR

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR NR NR

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR

2009

Total Number of 2,788 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of NR Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Missouri's State Report did not provide information regarding public availability.
B-34

State of Montana 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 78 32 602 132

Total Coliform Rule 243 154 644 374

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

42 12 28 8

Lead and Copper Rule 8 8 132 84

Consumer Confidence Report 62 42

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 25 6 0 0 38 23

2009

Total Number of 695 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 1,902 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Montana's State Report is available by accessing the state's website or by contacting:

Montana Department of Environmental Quality

P.O. Box 200901

Helena, MT 59620-0901

Contact Name: Eugene Pizzini

Email: epizzini@mt.gov

Telephone: (406) 444-6972

Fax: (406) 444-1375

Website: http://www.deq.mt.gov/wqinfo/pws/index.asp
B-35

Navajo Nation 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 16 13 69 23

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 12 12

Consumer Confidence Report 54 15

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0

2009

Total Number of 163 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 151 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Navajo Nation did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
B-36

State of Nebraska 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 201 81* 10 10*

Total Coliform Rule 216 163 82 75

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

3 3 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 3 3

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 10 3 1 1 5 4

* Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 1,328 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 294 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 532 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Nebraska’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s website or by contacting:

Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services

Division of Public Health

301 Centennial Mall South

P.O. Box 95026

Lincoln, NE 68509

Contact: Jo Ann Wagner

Telephone: (402) 471-0520

Email: joann.wagner@nebraska.gov

Website: http://www.dhhs.ne.gov/enh/pwsindex.htm
B-37

State of Nevada 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 117 32 232 72

Total Coliform Rule 154 105 NR NR

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

1 1 NR NR

Lead and Copper Rule 18 17 NR NR

Consumer Confidence Report 19 19

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 74 27 NR NR NR NR

2009

Total Number of 552 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 204 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 606* Violations

*The total number of violations in the report (606) differs from the calculated total (615).

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Nevada's State Report is available by accessing the state’s website or visiting county libraries in the state.

Website: http://ndep.nv.gov/BSDW/oversight.htm
B-38

State of New Hampshire 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 123 52* 273 68*

Total Coliform Rule 233 175 429 304

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

2 2 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 17 16 28 18

Consumer Confidence Report 50 50

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 25 5 2 1 20 15

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 2,413 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 1,202 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

New Hampshire's State Report is available by accessing the state's website or by contacting:

New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services

Water Division, Drinking Water and Groundwater Bureau

29 Hazen Drive

P.O. Box 95

Concord, NH 03302-0095

Website: http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/dwgb/annual_report.htm

Attention: Terri Sabbia

Telephone: (603) 271-2923

Email: Theresa.Sabbia@doit.nh.gov
B-39

State of New Jersey 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 72 36 428 61*

Total Coliform Rule 280 210 334 259

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

3 3* 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 607 399

Consumer Confidence Report 2 1

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 10** 5** NR** NR** 5 4

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

**MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 3,864 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 1,741 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

New Jersey did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-40

State of New Mexico 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 154 53* 25 6*

Total Coliform Rule 75 54 151 101

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

26 11 19 4

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 187 139

Consumer Confidence Report 170 124

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 15 6 8 7 12 9

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 1,221 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 451** Systems in Violation

Total Number of 843† Violations

**Possible overcounting of violating systems. Includes systems violating public notification requirements.

†The total number of violations in the report not including public notification and groundwater violations (1,228) differs from the calculated total 

(843).

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

New Mexico's State Report is available by accessing the state's website by contacting:

DWB Grants Coordinator

Drinking Water Bureau

New Mexico Environment Department

Telephone (toll-free): (877) 654-8720

Website: http://www.nmenv.state.nm.us/dwb/dwbtop.html
B-41

State of New York 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group NR NR NR NR

Total Coliform Rule NR NR NR NR

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

NR NR NR NR

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR NR NR

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR

*State report lacked a breakdown by rule.

2009

Total Number of 9,147 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 4,145 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 7,484 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

New York's State Report is available by accessing the state's website: 

Website: http://www.nyhealth.gov/environmental/water/drinking/violations/2009/2009_compliance_report.htm
B-42

State of North Carolina 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 32 20 906 75*

Total Coliform Rule 291 226 1,368 849

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

1 1 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 83 77 961 597

Consumer Confidence Report 195 120

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 137** 59** NR** NR** 199 154

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

**MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 6,268 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 4,173 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

North Carolina did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-43

State of North Dakota 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 27 9 1 1

Total Coliform Rule 22 18 61 52

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

2 1 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 11 11

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 9 3 0 0 31 31

2009

Total Number of 499 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 98 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 164 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

North Dakota’s State Report is available by contacting:

North Dakota Department of Health

Division of Municipal Facilities

918 E Divide Ave-3rd Floor

Bismarck, ND 58501-1947

Attention: LeeAnn Tillotson

Telephone: (701) 328-5293

Fax: (701) 328-5200

E-mail: ltillots@nd.gov
B-44

Northern Mariana Islands 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0

Total Coliform Rule 14 11 15 4

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 76 46

Consumer Confidence Report 10 7

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 2* 2* NR* NR* 0 0

*MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 88 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 117 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Northern Mariana Islands did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-45

State of Ohio 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 73 36 558 66*

Total Coliform Rule 392 286 947 654

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

20 12* 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule 37 23 170 133

Consumer Confidence Report 61 45

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 61** 21** NR** NR** 43 21

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

**MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 4,985 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 2,363 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Ohio did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-46

State of Oklahoma 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 148 50* 1,310 74*

Total Coliform Rule 90 80* 764 429*

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

82 27* 51 11

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 134 134

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 424 105 139 44 504 200*

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 1,568 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 999** Systems in Violation

Total Number of 3,646 Violations

**The total number of violating systems in the report does not include systems violating Stage 2 DBPR.

**The total number of violations in the report (3,246) differs from the calculated total (3,646) because Oklahoma did not include Stage 2 

DBPR.

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Oklahoma’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s website or by contacting:

Department of Environmental Quality

Water Quality Division, 7th Floor

707 N. Robinson

Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677

By mail: 

Department of Environmental Quality

Water Quality Division

P.O. Box 1677

Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677

Website: http://www.deq.state.ok.us
B-47

State of Oregon 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 109 38 3,066 513*

Total Coliform Rule 234 165 1,322 806

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

23 16 259 100*

Lead and Copper Rule 46 44 318 134

Consumer Confidence Report 147 47

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 13** 4** NR** NR** 190 82

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

**MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 2,630 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 5,727 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Oregon did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-48

State of Pennsylvania 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 151 80 4,639 1,459

Total Coliform Rule 533 442 1,466 1,141

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

56 7 230 64

Lead and Copper Rule 8 8 51 44

Consumer Confidence Report 139 139

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 81 37* 59 28* 1,871 799

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 9,380 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 2,779** Systems in Violation

Total Number of 9,284† Violations

**Possible overcounting of violating systems. Includes systems violating public notification requirements.

†The total number of violations in the report not including public notification violations (10,803) differs from the calculated total (9,284).

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Department of Environmental Protection

Bureau of Water Standards and Facility Regulation

P.O. Box 8467, 11th Floor RCSOB

Harrisburg, PA 17105-8467

Telephone: (717) 787-5017

Website: http://www.dep.state.pa.us

Keyword: drinking water
B-49

Puerto Rico 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 90 66*

Total Coliform Rule 204 128* 1,962 251

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

61 21*

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 17 16

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 19 14* 19 9 47 47*

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 493 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 2,419 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Puerto Rico’s Report is available by accessing the territory's website or by contacting:

Department of Health

Public Water Supply Supervision Program

Ponce de León Avenue, #431 Nacional Plaza

Suite 903

Hato Rey, Puerto Rico 00917

Website: http://www.salud.gov.pr
B-50

State of Rhode Island 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 4 2 25 25

Total Coliform Rule 51 36 106 100

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 23 21

Consumer Confidence Report 5 5

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 3 1 0 0 0 0

2009

Total Number of 484 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 151 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 219 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

The Rhode Island State Report did not provide information regarding public availability. 
B-51

State of South Carolina 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 21 13 3 1

Total Coliform Rule 68 43 37 31

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

4 2* 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 42 40

Consumer Confidence Report 53 53

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 4** 2** NR** NR** 0 0

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

**MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 1,493 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 233 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

South Carolina did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-52

State of South Dakota 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 64 16 360 13

Total Coliform Rule 17 15 48 34

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

1 1 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule 10 5 6 6

Consumer Confidence Report 8 8

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 1 1 37 37 53 15

2009

Total Number of 655 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 188* Systems in Violation

Total Number of 606 Violations

*Possible overcounting of violating systems. Includes systems violating public notification requirements.

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

South Dakota’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s website or by contacting:

South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources

Drinking Water Program, PMB-2020

Joe Foss Building

523 East Capitol Ave.

Pierre, SD 57501

Attention: Mark S. Mayer, P.E.

Telephone: (605) 773-3754

Email: mark.mayer@state.sd.us

Website: http://denr.sd.gov/des/dw/complianceinfo.aspx
B-53

State of Tennessee 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009*

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 4 4

Total Coliform Rule 29 26 67 63

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

14 10 41 33

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0

Consumer Confidence Report 13 13

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 12 8 1 1 72 39

*Report includes two different sets of numbers. Numbers from the Violations Summary are listed.

2009

Total Number of 868 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 159 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 253 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

The Tennessee State Report did not provide information regarding public availability.
B-54

State of Texas 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 348 164 130 16*

Total Coliform Rule 127 117 1,674 720

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

8 4* 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule 15 13 12 12

Consumer Confidence Report 281 155

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 157** 108** NR** NR** 320 320

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

**MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report.

2009

Total Number of 6,859 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 3,073 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Texas did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-55

State of Utah 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 2 2 1,530 206*

Total Coliform Rule 99 70 189 150

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

2 2 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 258 165

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 76 50

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 1,015 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 2,156 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Utah did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-56

State of Vermont 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 72 27* 185 166*

Total Coliform Rule 89 84* 430 323*

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

1 1 1 1

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 16 14*

Consumer Confidence Report 62 61

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR 204 120*

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 1,365 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 507** Systems in Violation

Total Number of 1167** Violations

**The numbers in the report may include additional violations and violating systems than what is summarized above. 

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Vermont's State Report is available by contacting:

Vermont Water Supply Division

103 South Main Street

Waterbury, VT 05671-0403

Telephone: (802) 241-3400

Telephone (in Vermont): (800) 823-6500
B-57

Virgin Islands 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 14 9 19 19

Total Coliform Rule 65 49 60 27

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 139 139

Consumer Confidence Report 9 9

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 NR NR 216 115

2009

Total Number of 301 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 522 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Virgin Island's Report is available by accessing the state's website or by contacting:

Department of Natural Resources

Division of Environmental Protection

45 Mars Hills, Frederiksted

St. Croix, US Virgin Islands 00841 

Telephone: (340) 473-1082

Fax: (340) 692-9794

Web Site: http://www.dpnr.gov.vi/dep/home.htm
B-58

State of Virginia 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 97 30 935 115

Total Coliform Rule 317 205 697 467

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

5 5 3 1

Lead and Copper Rule 50 45 165 148

Consumer Confidence Report 54 38

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 38 15 38 36 47 28

2009

Total Number of 2,879 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 885 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 2,395 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Virginia’s State Report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting:

Virginia Department of Health

Office of Drinking Water

109 Governor Street, 6th Floor

Richmond, VA 23219

Contact: Robert A. K. Payne, Esq.

Telephone: (804) 864-7498

Fax: (804) 864-7520

Email: rob.payne@vdh.virginia.gov

Web Site: http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/drinkingwater/compliance/annualReport.htm
B-59

State of Washington 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 89 40 5,568 540*

Total Coliform Rule 506 362 643 459

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

32 21 7 4

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 245 237

Consumer Confidence Report 349 332

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 4,341 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 7,439 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Washington did not submit a 2009 Annual Report to the U.S. EPA. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 
B-60

State of West Virginia 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 7 2 1,330 135*

Total Coliform Rule 8 8 429 210

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

23 17 85 27

Lead and Copper Rule 5 5 182 81

Consumer Confidence Report 167 109

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 58 22 12 10 215 88

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 1,106 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 2,521 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

The West Virginia State Report did not provide information regarding public availability.
B-61

State of Wisconsin 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 89 39* 1,480 403*

Total Coliform Rule 385 299 600 499

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

0 0 0 0

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 20 20

Consumer Confidence Report 23 23

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 5 4 0 0 5 4

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 11,422 Regulated Systems

Total Number of NR Systems in Violation

Total Number of 2,609 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Wisconsin's State Report is available by contacting:

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater

P.O. Box 7921

Madison, WI 53707

Telephone: (608) 267-4230
B-62

State of Wyoming 2009 PWS Compliance Report

Violations for 2009

Violations Category

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring

Systems in Systems in Systems in

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation

Chemical Contaminant Group 5 2 18 13

Total Coliform Rule 50 39* 85 64

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule 

and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule

2 2 3 2

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 13 13

Consumer Confidence Report 3 3

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 12 10* 0 0 2 2

*Possible overcounting of violating systems.

2009

Total Number of 778 Regulated Systems

Total Number of 124 Systems in Violation

Total Number of 193 Violations

Where to Obtain the 2009 Annual State Public Water Systems Report:

Wyoming's State Report is available by accessing the state’s Website or by contacting: 

EPA Region 8's Environmental Information Service Center

Telephone: (303) 312-6312 or (800) 227-8917

E-mail: r8eisc@epa.gov

Website: http://epa.gov/Region8/water/dwhome/wycon/wycon.html