EX-4.1





 Exhibit 4.1 
  





 












 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	Contents	  			
		
	 Contents of the Articles of Association
	  	 	3	 
		
	 Articles of Association
	  	 	4	 
		
	 Explanation of Terms
	  	 	51	 
		
	 Index
	  	 	58	 













 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	Contents of the Articles of Association  
	  			
	Article No(s)	  	Subject	  	Page No(s)	 
			
	1	  	 Preliminary Article
	  	 	4	 
			
	2-3	  	 General Meetings
	  	 	4	 
			
	4-5	  	 Notice of General Meetings
	  	 	4	 
			
	6-11	  	 Proceedings at General Meetings
	  	 	5	 
			
	12-16	  	 Voting at General Meetings
	  	 	8	 
			
	17-21	  	 Shareholders’ Voting Rights
	  	 	10	 
			
	22-26	  	 Proxies
	  	 	11	 
			
	27	  	 Company Representatives
	  	 	13	 
			
	28-29	  	 Directors
	  	 	13	 
			
	30-34	  	 Appointment and Removal of Directors
	  	 	14	 
			
	35-37	  	 Retirement of Directors
	  	 	15	 
			
	38	  	 Disqualification of Directors
	  	 	16	 
			
	39-42	  	 Remuneration of Directors
	  	 	16	 
			
	43-51	  	 Board Meetings
	  	 	17	 
			
	52-53	  	 Board Committees
	  	 	19	 
			
	54-58	  	 Directors’ Interests
	  	 	20	 
			
	59-67	  	 Directors’ Management Powers
	  	 	24	 
			
	68-69	  	 Directors’ Borrowing Powers
	  	 	26	 
			
	70	  	 Liability
	  	 	27	 
			
	71-75	  	 Shares
	  	 	27	 
			
	76-79	  	 Changing Share Capital
	  	 	30	 
			
	80-82	  	 Share Rights
	  	 	31	 
			
	83-84	  	 Share Certificates
	  	 	32	 
			
	85-86	  	 Transferring Shares
	  	 	33	 
			
	87-91	  	 People Automatically Entitled to Shares by Law
	  	 	34	 
			
	92	  	 Shareholders who Cannot be Traced
	  	 	35	 
			
	93-101	  	 Dividends
	  	 	36	 
			
	102	  	 Scrip Dividends
	  	 	38	 
			
	103-111	  	 Communications with shareholders
	  	 	39	 
			
	112-113	  	 Auditor
	  	 	42	 
			
	114	  	 Secretary
	  	 	42	 
			
	115	  	 Seals
	  	 	43	 
			
	116-117	  	 Documents
	  	 	43	 
			
	118-120	  	 Indemnity, Insurance and Defence expenditure
	  	 	44	 
			
	121-123	  	 Reserves
	  	 	46	 
			
	124-126	  	 Accounts
	  	 	47	 
			
	127	  	 Winding Up
	  	 	48	 
			
	128	  	 Interpretation
	  	 	48	 













 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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 Words defined within a
specific article or at the end of the Articles are printed in bold. After the Articles there is an explanation of terms which explains various words and expressions used in the Articles. These are printed in
italics. 
 Articles of Association of BT Group plc 

Company No. 4190816 
 (Adopted by a special resolution
passed on 16 July 2020) 
 Preliminary Article 

 

	1.	 Standard regulations do not apply 



Any regulations made under the legislation containing standard articles of association do not apply to BT. 

General Meetings 
  

	2.	 Annual General Meetings 



Every year BT must hold an Annual General Meeting, in addition to any other General Meetings which are held in the year. The notice
calling the meeting must say that the meeting is the Annual General Meeting. BT must hold an Annual General Meeting within six months of BT’s accounting reference date. The Board will
decide when and where to hold the Annual General Meeting. 
  

	3.	 General Meetings 



The Board can decide to call a General Meeting at any time. 

Notice of General Meetings 
  

	4.	 Notice of meetings 



 

	4.1.	 At least 21 clear days’ written notice must be given for every Annual General Meeting. For
every other General Meeting, at least 14 clear days’ written notice must be given. 


  

	4.2.	 A notice of meeting must state: 



 

	 	•	 	 the physical place(s) where the meeting is to be held (wholly or in part); 



 

	 	•	 	 the date and time of the meeting; 



 

	 	•	 	 the general nature of any special business to be dealt with at the meeting; 



 

	 	•	 	 whether a resolution will be proposed as a special resolution; 



 

	 	•	 	 that a shareholder who can attend, speak and vote can appoint one or more proxies (who need not be
shareholders) to attend, speak and vote for them; and 


  

	 	•	 	 if the Board determines that a General Meeting shall be held partly by means of electronic
facility, the means, or all different means, of attendance and participation determined in accordance with Article 8.5 and any access, identification and security arrangements determined in accordance with Article 7.3. 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	4.3.	 Notices of meetings must be given to the shareholders, unless the Articles or the rights
of the shares say they are not entitled to receive them from BT. However, the Board can decide that only people who are entered on the Register at the close of business on a particular day are entitled to receive the
notice. The Board can choose that day so long as it falls not more than 21 days before the notice is sent. Notice must also be given to the Auditor and the Board. 



 

	4.4.	 The Board can specify in the notice of meeting a time by which a person must be entered on the
Register in order to have the right to attend or vote at the meeting. The time specified must not be more than 48 hours before the time fixed for the meeting. 



 

	4.5.	 If BT cannot call a General Meeting by sending notices by post or by using electronic
means, because the postal system or electronic means of communication in the United Kingdom are generally suspended or restricted, notice of the meeting will be treated as being given to shareholders affected by the
suspension or restriction by advertisement in at least two United Kingdom national newspapers. Notice given in this way will be treated as being given to affected shareholders who are entitled to receive it at midday on the day when
the last advertisement appears in the newspapers. In any such case, BT must: 


  

	 	•	 	 if it is possible, make the notice available on its website from the date of the advertisement until the end of
the General Meeting or any adjournment of the meeting; and 


  

	 	•	 	 if it becomes generally possible to use the postal system or electronic means again more than 14 days
before the meeting send confirmation of the notice by post or electronic means. 


  

	5.	 Moving or postponing meetings at short notice 



If the Board consider that it is impractical, or undesirable, to hold a General Meeting on the date, at the time or place and/or by means of
electronic facility stated in the notice of meeting, they can change the place of and/or electronic facility for, or postpone, the meeting, or do both of these things. Notice of the business of the meeting does not need to be given
again. The Board must take reasonable steps to ensure that a shareholder trying to attend the meeting at the original date, time and place and/or by means of the original electronic facility is informed of the new arrangements.
If a meeting is rearranged in this way, proxy appointments can be made, in the way required by Articles 22 to 25, until 48 hours before the rearranged meeting. The Board can also change the place of and/or electronic facility
for, or postpone, the rearranged meeting, or do both, under this Article. 
 Proceedings at General Meetings 

 

	6.	 Chairman of meetings 



 

	6.1.	 The chairman of the Board will be the chairman at every General Meeting. 



 

	6.2.	 If BT does not have a chairman, or if the chairman is not present, willing and able to chair the
meeting, the deputy chairman will chair the meeting. 


  

	6.3.	 If BT does not have a chairman or a deputy chairman, or if neither the chairman nor the deputy chairman
is present, willing and able to chair the meeting, after waiting 15 minutes from the time that the meeting is due to start, the directors who are present will choose one of the directors to act as chairman. If there is only one director present,
that director, if willing, will be chairman. If no director is present and willing, the Secretary, if present and willing, will be chairman. 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	6.4.	 If there is no director or Secretary present, willing and able to chair the meeting, after waiting 15
minutes from the time that the meeting is due to start, the shareholders and proxies who are present and entitled to vote will pass an ordinary resolution to elect a shareholder or proxy to act as chairman.



  

	6.5.	 Nothing in the Articles is intended to restrict or exclude any of the powers or rights of a chairman of
a meeting which are given by law. 


  

	6.6.	 The decision of the chairman on points of order, matters of procedure or arising incidentally out of the
business of a General Meeting is conclusive, as is the chairman’s decision, acting in good faith, on whether a point or matter is of this nature. 



 

	7.	 Security and other arrangements at meetings 



 

	7.1.	 The chairman of a meeting or the Secretary can take any action they consider appropriate:



  

	 	•	 	 for proper and orderly conduct at a General Meeting; or 



 

	 	•	 	 so that the meeting reflects the wishes of the majority. 



 

	7.2	 The Board can ask shareholders or proxies wanting to attend a General Meeting to
submit to searches or other security arrangements which the Board think are appropriate. The Board can, in their discretion, refuse entry to, or remove from, a General Meeting a shareholder or proxy who does not
submit to those searches or comply with those security arrangements. 


  

	7.3	 In the case of a General Meeting held partly by means of electronic facility, the Board
can make any arrangement and impose any requirement or restriction that is: 


  

	 	•	 	 necessary to ensure the identification of those taking part and the security of any communication by
electronic means; and 


  

	 	•	 	 proportionate to the achievement of those objectives. 



 

	8.	 Meeting in different places and by means of electronic facility 



 

	8.1.	 Subject to the legislation and the rest of the Articles, every shareholder can
attend a General Meeting in person or by proxy. Where the General Meeting is to be held at more than one place or by means of electronic facility, a shareholder or proxy prevented from attending at one place
can attend and participate at another place or by means of electronic facility. 


  

	8.2.	 The Board can make arrangements that they, in their discretion, think appropriate to:



  

	 	•	 	 regulate the number of people attending at a place where a General Meeting (or adjournment)
is to be held; 


  

	 	•	 	 ensure the safety of people attending at that place; or 



 

	 	•	 	 enable attendance at that meeting (or adjournment); 



and can change those arrangements at any time. The arrangements can include (without limitation) the issue of tickets or the use of a random
method of selection. 
  

	8.3.	 In the case of a General Meeting to which these arrangements apply, the Board can, when
specifying the place of the meeting: 


  

	 	•	 	 direct that the meeting will be held at a place identified in the notice at which the chairman of the meeting
will attend (the Main Meeting Place); and 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	 	•	 	 make arrangements for simultaneous attendance and participation at other places (whether by electronic means
or otherwise) by shareholders and proxies entitled to attend the meeting but excluded from it under this Article or who want to attend at one of the other places. 



The notice of meeting does not have to give details of any arrangements under this Article. 

 

	8.4.	 Subject to Article 8.1, arrangements for simultaneous attendance can include arrangements for regulating
the number of people attending at any other places. 


  

	8.5	 In the Articles (unless the context requires otherwise) the shareholders will be treated as
meeting in the Main Meeting Place. 


  

	8.5.	 The Board can make arrangements to enable persons entitled to attend and participate in a General
Meeting to do so by simultaneous attendance and participation by means of electronic facility and determine the means, or all different means, of attendance and participation used in relation to a General Meeting.



  

	8.6.	 The members present in person or by proxy by means of electronic facility shall be counted in the
quorum for, and entitled to participate in, the General Meeting in question. 


  

	8.7.	 A meeting held partly by means of electronic facility shall be duly constituted and its proceedings
valid if the chairman of the meeting is satisfied that adequate facilities are available throughout the meeting to ensure that members attending the meeting by all means (including by means of electronic facility) are able to:



  

	 	•	 	 participate in the business for which the meeting has been convened; 



 

	 	•	 	 hear all persons who speak at the meeting; and 



 

	 	•	 	 be heard by all other persons present at the meeting. 



 

	8.8.	 The Board’s powers and discretions under this Article are delegated to the chairman at a General
Meeting. 


  

	9.	 Quorum 


  

	9.1.	 Before a General Meeting starts any business, there must be a quorum present. If not, the meeting
cannot carry out any business but can choose a person to chair the meeting. The quorum is two people who are entitled to vote. They can be shareholders or proxies or a combination of both. 



 

	9.2.	 This Article applies if a quorum is not present within 20 minutes after the time fixed for a General
Meeting to start or within any longer period which the chairman decides. If the meeting was called by shareholders, it is cancelled. Any other meeting is adjourned to any date, time and place stated in the notice of meeting. If the
notice does not provide for this, the meeting is adjourned to a date, time and place and, if applicable, by means of such electronic facility decided by the chairman. 



 

	10.	 Adjourning meetings 



 

	10.1.	 The chairman of a meeting can adjourn the meeting, before or after it has started, if the chairman
considers that: 


  

	 	•	 	 there is not enough room for the number of shareholders and proxies who want to attend the meeting;



  

	 	•	 	 the behaviour of anyone present prevents, or is likely to prevent, the business of the meeting being carried out
in an orderly way; 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	 	•	 	 an electronic facility has become inadequate for the purposes referred to in Article 8.8; or



  

	 	•	 	 an adjournment is necessary for any other reason, so that the business of the meeting can be properly
carried out. 


 The chairman can adjourn the meeting for any of these reasons to a date, time and place which the
chairman decides, or indefinitely. The chairman does not need the consent of the meeting to do this. 
  

	10.2.	 The chairman of a meeting can adjourn a meeting which has a quorum present if the meeting agrees.
The chairman may adjourn the meeting if the meeting directs this. The adjournment can be to a date, time and place and, if applicable, by means of such electronic facility which the chairman decides, or indefinitely.



  

	10.3.	 If a meeting is adjourned indefinitely, the Board will decide the date, time, place and, if
applicable, electronic facility of the adjourned meeting. Meetings can be adjourned more than once. 


  

	10.4.	 If a meeting is adjourned for 60 days or more, at least seven days’ notice must be given for the
adjourned meeting in the same way as was required for the original meeting, including notice of the business to be considered there. If a meeting is adjourned for less than 60 days, there is no need to give notice of the adjourned
meeting, or of the business to be considered there. 


  

	10.5.	 A reconvened meeting can only deal with business that could have been dealt with at the meeting which was
adjourned. 


  

	11.	 Amending resolutions 



 

	11.1.	 The chairman can propose amendments to an ordinary or special resolution if they are amendments
to correct an obvious error in the resolution. 


  

	11.2.	 No other amendments can be proposed to a special resolution. 



 

	11.3.	 Amendments to an ordinary resolution which are within the scope of the resolution can be proposed if
written notice of the proposed amendment is received at the Registered Office addressed to the Secretary at least three clear business days before the day fixed for the meeting or adjourned meeting.



  

	11.4.	 If the chairman, acting in good faith, rules an amendment out of order, an error in that ruling will not affect
the validity of a vote on the original resolution. 


 Voting at General Meetings 

 

	12.	 How votes are taken 



 

	12.1.	 A resolution put to the vote at a General Meeting held partly by means of electronic facility
shall, unless the chairman of the meeting determines that it shall be decided on a show of hands, be decided on a poll. Subject to the aforementioned, if a resolution is put to the vote at a General Meeting, it will be
decided by a show of hands, unless a poll is demanded as soon as, or before, the result of the show of hands is declared by the chairman. A poll can be demanded by: 



 

	 	•	 	 the chairman of the meeting; 



 

	 	•	 	 at least five shareholders at the meeting who are entitled to vote (or their proxies); or















 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	 	•	 	 one or more shareholders at the meeting who are entitled to vote (or their proxies) and who have,
between them, at least 10 per cent of the total votes of all shareholders who have the right to vote at the meeting. 



The chairman of the meeting can also demand a poll before all, some or any of the resolutions are put to the vote on a show of
hands. 
  

	12.2.	 A demand for a poll can be withdrawn if the chairman agrees to this. If a poll is demanded, and
this demand is then withdrawn, a declaration by the chairman of the result of a vote by a show of hands on that resolution, which was made before the poll was demanded, will stand. 



 

	13.	 How polls are taken 



 

	13.1.	 The chairman of the meeting can decide where, when and how a poll will be taken. The result will be
treated as the decision of the meeting where the poll was demanded, even if the poll is taken after the meeting. 


  

	13.2.	 The chairman can: 


  

	 	•	 	 decide that a ballot, electronic voting, voting papers or tickets will be used; 



 

	 	•	 	 appoint one or more scrutineers (who need not be shareholders); 



 

	 	•	 	 adjourn the meeting to a date, time and place which the chairman decides for the result of the poll
to be declared; or 


  

	 	•	 	 declare the result of the poll or decide how it should be declared. 



 

	13.3.	 A shareholder can vote either in person or by proxy on a poll. If a shareholder
votes on a poll, they do not have to use all of their votes or cast all their votes in the same way. 


  

	14.	 Timing of polls 



A poll can be taken either at the meeting or within three months. No notice is required for a poll. 

 

	15.	 Meetings continue after poll demanded 



A demand for a poll on a particular matter does not stop a meeting from continuing and dealing with other matters. But once all these matters have been
dealt with, the meeting is treated as having ended immediately after the poll has been taken, even though the result of the poll is to be worked out and announced later. 

 

	16.	 Effect of declaration by chairman 



The following applies when there is a vote on a show of hands and no poll is demanded or required by the Articles or a demand for a
poll is withdrawn. Any of the following declarations about a resolution by the chairman of the meeting is conclusive proof that it has been: 
  

	 	•	 	 passed or not passed; or 



 

	 	•	 	 passed with a particular majority. 



An entry in respect of this kind of declaration in the minutes of the meeting is also conclusive evidence of that fact. There is no need to prove the number
or proportion of votes recorded for or against a resolution. 












 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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Shareholders’ Voting Rights 
  

	17.	 Votes of shareholders 



Where there is a vote on a show of hands, a shareholder present at a meeting in person or by proxy has one vote. Where there is a
poll, a shareholder present in person or by proxy has one vote for every share which they hold or represent. This is subject to any special rights or restrictions which are given to a class of shares
and to the Articles. 
  

	18.	 Failure to comply with notice under section 793 of the Companies Act 



 

	18.1.	 This Article applies if a shareholder, or a person appearing to be interested in shares (within
the meaning of Part 22 of the Companies Act) held by that shareholder, has: 


  

	 	•	 	 been sent a notice under section 793 of the Companies Act requiring information about interests in shares;
and 


  

	 	•	 	 failed to supply to BT the required information within 14 days after delivery of that notice.



 Then, unless the Board decide otherwise, the shareholder is not entitled to: 

 

	 	•	 	 attend or vote either in person or by proxy at a shareholders’ meeting; or



  

	 	•	 	 exercise any other right in relation to shareholders’ meetings as holder of any shares in
BT. 


 These restrictions end seven days after the earlier of the date on which: 

 

	 	•	 	 the shareholder complies with the notice to BT’s satisfaction; and 



 

	 	•	 	 BT receives written notice that there has been an approved transfer of the shares.



  

	18.2.	 A person who obtains shares subject to restrictions under Article 18.1 is subject to the
same restrictions, unless the transfer was: 


  

	 	•	 	 an approved transfer; or 



 

	 	•	 	 made by a shareholder who was not in default in supplying the information required by the notice under
Article 18.1. 


  

	18.3.	 In this Article a person is treated as appearing to be interested in any shares if the shareholder
holding those shares has been sent a notice under section 793 of the Companies Act and: 


  

	 	•	 	 the shareholder has named that person as being so interested; or 



 

	 	•	 	 (after taking into account the response of the shareholder to the notice and any other relevant
information) the Board knows or reasonably believes that the person in question is or may be interested in the shares. 


  

	18.4.	 In this Article a transfer of shares is an approved transfer if: 



 

	 	•	 	 it is a transfer of shares to an offeror under an acceptance of a takeover offer; or



  

	 	•	 	 the Board are satisfied that the transfer is a genuine sale of the whole of the beneficial ownership
of the shares to a person who is not connected with the shareholder or with a person appearing to be interested in the shares. This includes such a sale made through the London Stock Exchange or any other stock
exchange on which BT’s shares are normally traded. 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	19.	 Votes of joint shareholders 



If more than one joint shareholder votes, the only vote which will count is the vote of the first shareholder listed on the Register for
the share. This also applies if the shareholders vote by proxy. 
  

	20.	 Votes of shareholders who are unable to manage their affairs 



This Article applies where a: 
  

	 	•	 	 shareholder is unable to manage their affairs; and 



 

	 	•	 	 court which claims jurisdiction to protect people who are unable to manage their affairs has made an order
about the shareholder. 


 The people appointed by the court to act for the shareholder can vote for the
shareholder and exercise other rights at General Meetings. This includes appointing a proxy, voting on a show of hands and voting on a poll. However, it only applies if any evidence which the Board
requires of their authority to do these things is delivered to the Registered Office or any other place the Board specify for delivery of proxy forms at least 48 hours before the relevant meeting (or adjourned
meeting). 
  

	21.	 Challenging votes 



An objection to the right of a person to vote must be made at the meeting (or adjourned meeting) at which the vote is cast. If a vote is not
disallowed at a meeting, it is valid for all purposes. An objection must be raised with the chairman of the meeting. The chairman’s decision is conclusive. 

Proxies 
  

	22.	 Appointment of proxies 



 

	22.1.	 A shareholder is entitled to appoint a proxy or (subject to Article 23) proxies to
exercise all or any of the shareholder’s rights to attend, speak and vote at General Meetings. 


  

	22.2.	 A proxy is appointed by using a proxy form or in any other way, and subject to any
terms and conditions, the Board decide. For example, the Board can decide that a proxy can be appointed using electronic means or by means of a website. 



 

	22.3.	 A proxy need not be a shareholder. 



 

	23.	 Multiple proxies 



A shareholder can appoint more than one proxy. However, each proxy must be appointed to exercise rights in respect of a different
share or shares held by the shareholder. 
  

	24.	 Form of Proxy 



 

	24.1.	 A proxy form: 



 

	 	•	 	 must be in writing; and 



 

	 	•	 	 can be in any form which is commonly used or in any other form the Board approve. 



 

	24.2.	 A proxy form given by: 



 

	 	•	 	 an individual must be signed by the individual or an attorney who is authorised to act on behalf of the
individual or authenticated in accordance with Article 104; and 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	 	•	 	 a company must be sealed with the company’s seal or signed by an officer of the
company or an attorney who is authorised to act on behalf of the company or authenticated in accordance with Article 104. 



Any signature on or authentication of an appointment need not be witnessed. 

 

	25.	 Receipt of proxies 



 

	25.1.	 A proxy form must be received at the place or address stated in the notice of meeting or
proxy form or in any invitation contained in an electronic form to appoint a proxy or, if no place or address is stated, at the Registered Office. If the Board decide that a proxy can be
appointed in any other way, notice of the appointment must be received as the Board specify. 


  

	25.2.	 Notices of appointments of proxies must be received at least: 



 

	 	•	 	 48 hours before a meeting or adjourned meeting; 



 

	 	•	 	 24 hours before a poll is taken, if the poll is taken more than 48 hours after it was demanded; or



  

	 	•	 	 48 hours before a meeting or adjourned meeting, if the poll is taken within 48 hours after the
meeting or adjourned meeting. 


 In calculating the periods in this Article, the Board can decide to exclude
any part of any day which is not a business day. 
  

	25.3.	 If a proxy form is signed or authenticated in accordance with Article 104, the power of
attorney or other authority relied on to appoint a proxy, or a copy which has been certified by a solicitor or notary, must be registered with BT, together with any proxy form or in any other way that the Board
specify, unless this has already been done. These documents must be received by the deadline which applies to notices of appointments of proxies under Article 25.2. The Board may decide to disapply the requirements in this Article
25.3 in relation to a proxy form or the appointment of a proxy made under the second sentence of Article 25.1. 


  

	25.4.	 In relation to any shares in uncertificated form, the Board can: 



 

	 	•	 	 permit a proxy to be appointed by electronic means in the form of an uncertificated proxy
instruction; 


  

	 	•	 	 permit any supplement to, or amendment or withdrawal of this instruction by a further uncertificated proxy
instruction; 


  

	 	•	 	 decide the method of determining the time when any uncertificated proxy instruction is to be treated as
received by BT; and 


  

	 	•	 	 treat any instruction of this kind which appears or claims to be sent on behalf of the shareholder as
conclusive evidence that the person sending the instruction is authorised to send it on behalf of that shareholder. 


  

	25.5.	 If this Article is not complied with, the proxy will not be able to act for the person who
appointed them. 


  

	25.6.	 If a proxy for several meetings has been properly appointed for a meeting or adjourned meeting,
the proxy does not need to be appointed again for a later meeting which the appointment covers. A proxy form will be valid for any adjournment of the meeting or meetings to which it relates and for any vote on a show
of hands or any poll demanded at that meeting or adjourned meeting. 














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	25.7.	 If more than one proxy is appointed in respect of the same share to act at the same meeting, only the last
appointment received will be treated as valid (regardless of when it was signed or by what means it was submitted). If BT does not know which is the last appointment, BT can decide which appointment to treat as valid or whether any of them are valid
and its decision will be conclusive. 


  

	25.8.	 A shareholder can attend, vote and speak at a General Meeting or on a poll even if they
have appointed a proxy to attend, vote and speak at that meeting or on that poll. 


  

	26.	 Termination of proxies 



 

	26.1.	 A vote cast by a proxy in the way authorised by their appointment and a demand for a poll made by
a proxy will be valid even though the shareholder who appointed the proxy has: 


  

	 	•	 	 died or is unable to manage their affairs; 



 

	 	•	 	 terminated the appointment; or 



 

	 	•	 	 terminated the authority of the person who made the appointment. 



However, this does not apply if written notice of any of these events has been received in any way specified for the appointment of
proxies: 
  

	 	•	 	 48 hours before the meeting or adjourned meeting; 



 

	 	•	 	 24 hours before the poll is taken, if the poll is taken more than 48 hours after it was demanded;
or 


  

	 	•	 	 48 hours before a meeting or adjourned meeting, if the poll is taken within 48 hours after the
meeting or adjourned meeting. 


 In calculating the periods in this Article, the Board can decide to exclude
any part of any day which is not a business day. 
  

	26.2.	 The appointment of a proxy will cease to be valid 12 months after the date the proxy form
was signed or authenticated or notice of the appointment was received. However, the appointment is still valid at an adjourned meeting or on a poll demanded at a meeting or adjourned meeting, if the original meeting was
first held within the 12 month period. 


 Company Representatives 

 

	27.	 Appointment of company representatives 



Subject to the legislation, a company which is a shareholder can, by resolution of its directors or other governing body, authorise a
person or several people to act as its representative or representatives at a General Meeting. Each of those people is called a company representative. 

Directors 
  

	28.	 Number of directors 



There must be at least two directors. The shareholders can vary this minimum and/or decide or vary a maximum number of directors by passing an
ordinary resolution. 
  

	29.	 Directors need not be shareholders 



A director need not be a shareholder. A director who is not a shareholder is still entitled to receive notice of and attend and speak at
shareholders’ meetings. 












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Appointment and Removal of Directors 
  

	30.	 People who can be directors 



Only the following people can be elected as directors at a General Meeting: 

 

	 	•	 	 a director who is retiring at the meeting; 



 

	 	•	 	 a person who is recommended by the Board; and 



 

	 	•	 	 a person who has been proposed in the following way. A shareholder who is entitled to attend and
vote at the meeting (other than the proposed director) must deliver to BT a notice in writing, signed or authenticated in accordance with Article 104 by the shareholder. The notice must state that they intend to propose the
person for election and whether the person is proposed as an additional director or to replace a director who is retiring or being removed. This notice must be delivered not less than seven nor more than 42 days before the date of the
meeting. The person to be proposed must deliver to BT with the notice a confirmation in writing, signed or authenticated in accordance with Article 104 by the person to be proposed that they are willing to be elected.



  

	31.	 Filling vacancies and appointing or electing additional directors 



 

	31.1	 The Board can appoint a person as an additional director or as a replacement for another
director. A director appointed in this way automatically retires at the first Annual General Meeting after their appointment in accordance with Article 35 unless elected or re-elected at that Annual
General Meeting. 


  

	31.2	 Subject to Article 30, the shareholders can elect a person proposed as an additional
director or to replace another director by passing an ordinary resolution. 


  

	31.3	 Additional directors can only be appointed or elected under this Article within any maximum number of directors
which applies under Article 28 (including any variation of that maximum approved by an ordinary resolution of shareholders). 


  

	32.	 Removing and electing directors by ordinary resolution 



 

	32.1.	 The shareholders can pass an ordinary resolution to remove a director, even though the
director’s time in office has not ended. This applies despite anything else in the Articles or in any agreement between BT and the director. Special notice of the resolution must be given to BT as required by
the legislation. If a director is removed in this way, it will not affect any claim which the director has for damages for breach of any contract of service. 



 

	32.2.	 Subject to Article 30, the shareholders can elect a person to replace a director who has
been removed in this way by passing an ordinary resolution. If no director is elected under this Article, the vacancy can be filled under Article 31. 


  


	33.	 Electing two or more directors 



A single resolution for the election of two or more directors is void unless the shareholders approve the putting of the resolution in this form first
by a vote taken at the General Meeting with no votes cast against. 
  

	34.	 Directors can act if there are vacancies 



 

	34.1.	 Even if one or more director(s) has stopped being a director, the remaining director(s) can continue to act. If
the number of director(s) falls below the minimum which applies under Article 28 (including any variation of that minimum approved by an ordinary resolution of shareholders), the remaining director(s) can only: 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	 	•	 	 appoint further director(s) to make up the shortfall; 



 

	 	•	 	 convene a General Meeting; and 



 

	 	•	 	 in the meantime, perform the duties that are appropriate to maintain BT as a going concern and enable it
to comply with its legal and regulatory obligations. 


  

	34.2.	 If no director(s) are willing or able to act under this Article, any two shareholders can call a
General Meeting to elect director(s), provided that, if no directors are able to act because all of the resolutions for election or annual re-election of the directors are put to the Annual General
Meeting and lost, the retiring directors who stood for election or re- election at that Annual General Meeting will be treated as being elected or re-elected
(as the case may be) and will continue as directors. In these circumstances, the directors can only: 


  

	 	•	 	 convene a General Meeting in accordance with Article 34.3; and 



 

	 	•	 	 in the meantime, perform the duties that are appropriate to maintain BT as a going concern and enable it
to comply with its legal and regulatory obligations. 


  

	34.3.	 In the circumstances set out in Article 34.2, the directors will convene another General Meeting as soon
as reasonably practicable following the Annual General Meeting referred to in Article 34.2 and retire from office at that General Meeting. If at the end of that General Meeting the number of director(s) still falls below the
minimum which applies under Article 28 (including any variation of that minimum approved by an ordinary resolution of shareholders) the provision of this Article 34 will apply again to the General Meeting. 



Retirement of Directors 
  

	35.	 Annual retirement of directors 



At every Annual General Meeting all directors at the date of the notice convening the Annual General Meeting will retire from office unless
elected or re-elected at the Annual General Meeting. 
  

	36.	 Re-electing directors who retire 



At each Annual General Meeting at which the directors retire in accordance with Article 35 the shareholders can pass an ordinary resolution
to re-elect each director or, if Article 30 has been complied with, to elect some other eligible person in the director’s place. 

The retiring director is treated as re-elected unless: 

 

	 	•	 	 the meeting expressly resolves not to elect a director to fill the vacancy; 



 

	 	•	 	 the director has told BT in writing that the director does not want to be
re-elected; 


  

	 	•	 	 a resolution to re-elect the director is put to the meeting and lost; or



  

	 	•	 	 any maximum number of directors which applies under Article 28 (including any variation of that maximum approved
by an ordinary resolution of shareholders) would be exceeded. 


  

	37.	 When a director retires 



A director retiring at a General Meeting retires at the end of that meeting or (if earlier) when a resolution is passed to elect another person
in the director’s place or when a resolution to re-elect the director is put to the meeting and lost. Where a retiring director is re-elected (or treated as re-elected under Article 34 or Article 36) the retiring director continues as a director without a break. 












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Disqualification of Directors 
  

	38.	 When directors are disqualified 



 

	38.1.	 A director automatically ceases to be a director if: 



 

	 	•	 	 the director ceases to be a director under the legislation or is removed from office under the
Articles; 


  

	 	•	 	 the director is prohibited from being a director under the legislation; 



 

	 	•	 	 the director becomes bankrupt; 



 

	 	•	 	 the director makes an arrangement or composition with the director’s creditors or applies for an interim
order under section 253 of the Insolvency Act 1986 in connection with a voluntary arrangement under that Act; 


  

	 	•	 	 the director becomes unable to manage their affairs and a court which claims jurisdiction to protect people
who are unable to manage their affairs has made an order detaining the director or appointing a person to manage the director’s property or affairs; 



 

	 	•	 	 except where the director’s contract prevents the director resigning, the director: 



 

	 	•	 	 delivers to BT a written notice of resignation signed by or on behalf of the director; or



  

	 	•	 	 offers to resign and the Board pass a resolution accepting the offer; 



 

	 	•	 	 the director has missed Board meetings for a continuous period of six months, without
permission from the Board and the Board pass a resolution removing the director from office; or 


  

	 	•	 	 the director’s contract expires or is terminated for any reason and is not renewed or replaced within 14
days. 


  

	38.2.	 If a director ceases to be a director, the director automatically ceases to be a member of any Board
committee or sub-committee. 


 Remuneration of Directors

  

	39.	 Directors’ fees 



The Board can decide on the amount, timing and method of payment of directors’ fees, but the total fees paid to each director, excluding
amounts payable under any other Article, must not exceed: 
  

	 	•	 	 £65,000 a year (accruing daily), increasing by the percentage increase in the retail prices index
(as defined in Section 833(2) Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988) for any 12 month period beginning on 1 April 1999 or an anniversary of that date; or 



 

	 	•	 	 any higher sum decided on by an ordinary resolution of shareholders. This resolution can increase
the fee paid to all or any directors either permanently or for a particular period. 


  

	40.	 Directors’ expenses 



The Board can also repay to a director all expenses properly incurred in: 
  

	 	•	 	 attending and returning from shareholders’ meetings, Board meetings or Board committee
meetings; or 


  

	 	•	 	 any other way in connection with BT’s business. 














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	41.	 Extra fees 


  

	41.1.	 The Board can award extra fees to a director who: 



 

	 	•	 	 holds an executive position; 



 

	 	•	 	 acts as chairman or deputy chairman; 



 

	 	•	 	 serves on a Board committee or board at the request of the Board; or 



 

	 	•	 	 performs any other services which the Board consider extends beyond the ordinary duties of a director.



  

	41.2.	 Extra fees can take the form of salary, commission, profit sharing or other benefits (and can be paid
partly in one way and partly in another). They can also include any kind of benefit for the director’s dependants. This is all decided by the Board. 



 

	42.	 Pensions and other benefits 



 

	42.1.	 The Board can decide whether to provide: 



 

	 	•	 	 pensions; 


  

	 	•	 	 annual payments; or 


  

	 	•	 	 other allowances or benefits, 



to any people including people who are or who were directors of BT. The Board can decide to extend these
arrangements to relations or dependants of, or people connected to, these people. The Board can also decide to contribute to a scheme or fund or to pay premiums to a third party for these purposes. 

 

	42.2.	 BT can only provide pensions and other similar benefits to: 



 

	 	•	 	 people who are or were directors but who have not been employed by, or held an office or executive
position in, BT or its subsidiary undertakings; and 


  

	 	•	 	 relations or dependants of, or people connected to, those directors or former directors,



 if the shareholders approve this by passing an ordinary resolution. 

 

	42.3.	 No director or former director is accountable to BT or the shareholders for a benefit of any kind
given in accordance with this Article. The receipt of a benefit of any kind given in accordance with this Article does not prevent a person from being or becoming a director of BT. 



Board Meetings 
  

	43.	 Board meetings 



The Board can decide when and where to have meetings, how they are conducted and the quorum. They can also adjourn their meetings. 

 

	44.	 Notice of Board meetings 



 

	44.1.	 A meeting can be called by a director or the Secretary. The Secretary must also call a meeting if
a director requests this. 


  

	44.2.	 The Board can decide how notice of Board meetings is to be given and on any terms and conditions
(including oral notice). Subject to this, Board meetings are called by delivering a written notice to each director personally or by sending it to their last known address or another address given to BT for
this purpose. 














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	44.3.	 A director who is out of the United Kingdom is not entitled to be given notice of a Board meeting
unless: 


  

	 	•	 	 notice of a Board meeting is given in writing; and 



 

	 	•	 	 the director has asked the Board in writing to send notices of Board meetings during the
director’s absence to the director’s last known address or another address given to BT for this purpose. 



A director can waive notice of a meeting at any time, even if the meeting has already taken place. 

 

	45.	 Chairman of Board meetings 



 

	45.1.	 The Board can appoint a director as chairman or deputy chairman for whichever periods the Board
decide. If the chairman is at a meeting, the chairman will chair it. In the chairman’s absence, the chair will be taken by the deputy chairman. If there is no chairman or deputy chairman present and willing within five minutes after the
time when the meeting is due to start, the chair will be taken by a director nominated by the chairman in writing. If the chairman has not done this, the directors present can choose which one of them will be the chairman of the meeting.



  

	45.2.	 References in the Articles to “deputy chairman” include, if no one has been appointed with
that specific title, a person appointed to a position with another title which the Board designate as equivalent to the position of deputy chairman. 



 

	46.	 Quorum 


  

	46.1.	 If no other quorum is fixed by the Board, two directors form a quorum. A meeting at which
a quorum is present can exercise all the powers and discretions of the Board. 


  

	46.2.	 A director who ceases to be a director at a Board meeting can continue to be present and act as a
director and be counted in the quorum until the end of that Board meeting if no other director objects and a quorum of the Board would not otherwise be present. 



 

	47.	 Voting at Board meetings 



Matters for decision which arise at a Board meeting will be decided by a majority vote. If the votes are equal, the chairman of the meeting has a
second, casting vote. 
  

	48.	 Video conference and telephone meetings 



Any of the directors or members of a committee can take part in a Board meeting or Board committee meeting by way of a: 

 

	 	•	 	 video conference or conference telephone or similar equipment designed to allow everybody to take part in the
meeting; or 


  

	 	•	 	 series of video conferences or telephone calls from the chairman of the meeting. 



Taking part in this way will be treated as being present at the meeting. A meeting which takes place by a series of video conferences or telephone calls from
the chairman will be treated as taking place where the chairman is. Otherwise meetings will be treated as taking place where the largest group of the participants is or, if there is no such group, where the chairman is, unless the Board
decide otherwise. 












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	49.	 Minutes of meetings 



 

	49.1.	 The Board must cause minutes to be made in minute books of the: 



 

	 	•	 	 names of the directors present at each Board meeting and Board committee meeting;



  

	 	•	 	 appointments of officers made by the Board; and 



 

	 	•	 	 proceedings and resolutions at Board meetings, Board committee meetings and shareholders’
meetings. 


  

	49.2.	 It is not necessary for the directors present at a Board meeting or Board committee meeting to
sign their names in the minute book or other attendance book. 


  

	50.	 Validity of the Board’s actions 



Everything which is done by a Board meeting, a Board committee meeting or a person acting as a director, will be valid even though it is
discovered later that a director or person acting as a director was not properly appointed or elected. This also applies if it is discovered later that a person was disqualified from being a director, had ceased to be a director or was
not entitled to vote. 
  

	51.	 Written Resolutions 



A directors’ written resolution is adopted when all of the directors entitled to vote on the resolution at a Board meeting have: 

 

	 	•	 	 signed one or more copies of it, or 



 

	 	•	 	 otherwise indicated their agreement to it in writing. 



These copies can be made using electronic means. This kind of resolution is only adopted if the number of directors who have signed it or indicated
their agreement to it meet the quorum requirement for Board meetings. Once a directors’ written resolution has been adopted, it will be treated as if it had been a resolution which was passed at a Board meeting. 

Board Committees 
  

	52.	 Delegating powers to committees 



 

	52.1.	 The Board can delegate any of their powers or discretions to committees of one or more directors or
other people. This includes powers or discretions relating to directors’ pay or giving benefits to directors. If the Board have delegated a power or discretion to a committee, any references in the Articles to using
that power or discretion include its use by the committee. A committee must comply with any regulations made by the Board. These regulations can require or allow people who are not directors to be
co- opted onto the committee and can give voting rights to co-opted members. 


  

	52.2.	 Unless the Board specifically decide not to allow this, a committee can
sub-delegate powers and discretions to sub-committees or other people. 


  


	52.3.	 References in the Articles to committees include sub-committees
permitted under this Article. 


  

	53.	 Proceedings of committees 



 

	53.1.	 If a committee includes two or more members, the Articles which regulate Board meetings and their
procedure will also apply to committee meetings (if possible), unless these are inconsistent with any regulations for the committee which the Board has made under Article 52. 














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	53.2.	 A committee or sub-committee can be called a “board” or
“council” or any other name the Board decide. 


 Directors’ Interests 

 

	54.	 Authorising directors’ conflicts of interest 



 

	54.1.	 For the purposes of section 175 of the Companies Act, the Board can authorise any matter which:



  

	 	•	 	 would or could be a breach of a director’s duty under that section; 



 

	 	•	 	 could result in a breach of a director’s duty under that section. 



This authorisation will avoid a situation arising in which the director has, or could have, a direct or indirect interest that conflicts, or
could conflict, with the interests of BT. 
  

	54.2.	 For authorisation of a matter under this Article to be effective: 



 

	 	•	 	 the matter in question must have been proposed in writing for consideration at a Board meeting, in
accordance with the Board’s normal procedures or in any other way the Board may decide; 


  

	 	•	 	 any quorum requirement at the Board meeting when the matter is considered must be met without
counting any Interested Directors; and 


  

	 	•	 	 the matter must be agreed without the Interested Directors voting, or would have been agreed if the votes
of the Interested Directors had not been counted. 


  

	54.3.	 Any matter authorised under this Article will include any existing or potential conflict of interest which it
is reasonable to expect will arise out of the authorised matter. 


  

	54.4.	 Any authorisation of a matter under this Article will be subject to any conditions or limitations
decided on by the Board. The Board can decide the conditions or limitations at the time authorisation is given, or later on, and can end them at any time. A director must comply with any obligations the Board impose on the
director after a matter has been authorised. 


  

	54.5.	 A director does not have to hand over to BT any benefit which the director receives (or a person
connected with the director receives) as a result of anything the Board has authorised under this Article. No contract of the type described in this Article can be cancelled because of any director’s interest or benefit.



  

	55.	 Directors may have certain interests 



 

	55.1.	 Subject to compliance with Article 55.2, a director can have the following interests:



  

	 	a)	 a director (or a person connected with the director) can be a director, officer or employee of,
or have an interest in (including holding shares), any Relevant Company; 


  

	 	b)	 a director (or a person connected with the director) can have an interest in any Relevant Company BT
has an interest in or be a party to a contract with that company; 


  

	 	c)	 a director (or a person connected with the director, or any firm the director is a partner, employee or
shareholder of) can do professional work for any Relevant Company (other than as an Auditor) whether or not payment is made for the work; 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	 	d)	 an interest if it cannot reasonably be regarded as likely to give rise to a conflict of interest;



  

	 	e)	 an interest if the director is not aware of the interest or of the transaction or arrangement giving rise to
the interest (for these purposes the director will be treated as being aware of matters if it is reasonable to expect the director to be aware of them); 


  

	 	f)	 an interest in any matter authorised under Article 54.1; or 



 

	 	g)	 any other interest authorised by ordinary resolution. 



No authorisation under Article 54 (other than under paragraph (f) of this Article) is required for any interests under this Article. 

 

	55.2.	 The director must declare the nature and extent of any interest allowed under Article 55.1 and not falling
within Article 55.3, at a Board meeting or in the manner set out in section 184 or 185 of the Companies Act. 


  

	55.3.	 A director does not need to declare an interest: 



 

	 	•	 	 if it cannot reasonably be regarded as likely to give rise to a conflict of interest; 



 

	 	•	 	 if the director is not aware of the interest or of the transaction or arrangement giving rise to the interest
(for these purposes the director will be treated as being aware of matters if it is reasonable to expect the director to be aware of them); 


  

	 	•	 	 if the interest relates to any matter which has been authorised under Article 54.1; 



 

	 	•	 	 if the other directors already know about the interest (and for this purpose the other directors will be treated
as knowing about the interest if it is reasonable to expect they know about it); or 


  

	 	•	 	 if the interest concerns the terms of the director’s service contract that have been or are to be considered
at a Board meeting or at a committee meeting of directors appointed for the purpose under these Articles. 


  

	55.4.	 A director does not have to hand over to BT any benefit which the director (or a person connected
with the director) receives: 


  

	 	•	 	 from any contract or from any office or employment or from any interest in any Relevant Company; or



  

	 	•	 	 for any payment as referred to in Article 55.1. No contract of the type described in Article 55.1 can be
cancelled because of any director’s interest or benefit. 


  

	55.5.	 In this Article each of the following is a Relevant Company: 



 

	 	•	 	 BT; 


  

	 	•	 	 a subsidiary undertaking of BT; 



 

	 	•	 	 any holding company of BT or a subsidiary undertaking of any such holding
company; 


  

	 	•	 	 any company promoted by BT; or 



 

	 	•	 	 any company in which BT is otherwise interested. 



 

	56.	 When directors can vote on things in which they are interested 



 

	56.1.	 Unless this Article says otherwise, and regardless of whether the interest is one which is authorised under
Article 54 or allowed under Article 55, a director cannot vote (and if the director does vote, such vote will not be counted) on a resolution about a contract in which the director (or a person connected with the director) is interested.



  

	56.2.	 A director cannot be counted in the quorum for a Board meeting in relation to any resolution on
which the director is not entitled to vote. 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	56.3.	 If the legislation allows, a director can (unless the director has some other interest as well as an
interest allowed by this Article) vote and be counted in the quorum on a resolution concerning a contract: 


  

	 	a)	 in which the director has an interest of which the director is not aware; 



 

	 	b)	 in which the director has an interest which cannot reasonably be regarded as likely to give rise to a conflict
of interest; 


  

	 	c)	 in which the director has an interest only because the director is a holder of shares, debentures
or other securities of BT, or by reason of any other interest in or through BT; 


  

	 	d)	 which involves the giving of any security, guarantee or indemnity to the director or any other person
for: 


  

	 	•	 	 money lent or obligations incurred by the director or by any other person at the request of or for the
benefit of BT or the benefit of any of its subsidiary undertakings; or 


  

	 	•	 	 a debt or other obligation which is owed by BT or any of its subsidiary undertakings to that other
person if the director has taken responsibility for all or any part of that debt or obligation by giving a guarantee, security or indemnity; 


  

	 	e)	 where BT or any of its subsidiary undertakings is offering any shares, debentures
or other securities for subscription or purchase: 


  

	 	•	 	 to which the director is or may be entitled to participate as a holder of BT securities; or



  

	 	•	 	 where the director will be involved in the underwriting or
sub-underwriting; 


  

	 	f)	 relating to any other company in which the director has an interest, directly or indirectly (including
holding a position in that company) or is a shareholder, creditor, employee or otherwise involved in that company. These rights do not apply if the director owns one per cent or more of that company or of the voting
rights in that company; 


  

	 	g)	 relating to an arrangement for the benefit of BT employees or former BT employees or any of
BT’s subsidiary undertakings which only gives the directors the same benefits that are generally given to the employees or former employees to whom the arrangement relates; 



 

	 	h)	 relating to BT buying or renewing insurance for any liability for the benefit of directors or for
the benefit of persons who include directors; 


  

	 	i)	 relating to the giving of indemnities in favour of directors; 



 

	 	j)	 relating to the funding of expenditure by any director or directors: 



 

	 	•	 	 on defending criminal, civil or regulatory proceedings or actions against the director or the directors;



  

	 	•	 	 in connection with an application to the court for relief; or 



 

	 	•	 	 on defending the director or the directors in any regulatory investigations; 



 

	 	k)	 which enables any director or directors to avoid incurring expenditure as described in paragraph (j); and



  

	 	l)	 in which the director’s interest, or the interest of directors generally, has been authorised by an
ordinary resolution. 


  

	56.4.	 This Article applies if the Board are considering proposals to appoint two or more directors to
positions with BT or any company in which BT has an interest. It also applies if the Board are considering fixing or varying the terms of the appointment. These















 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	 	proposals can be split up to deal with each proposed director separately. If this is done, each proposed director can vote (unless the proposed director is prevented from voting under Article 56.1) and be counted in the
quorum for each resolution, except the one concerning that director. 

  

	56.5.	 If a question comes up at a meeting about whether a director (other than the chairman of the meeting) has a
material interest or whether the director can vote or be counted in the quorum, and the director does not agree to abstain from voting on the question or not be counted in the quorum, the question must be referred to the chairman of
the meeting. The chairman’s ruling about the director is conclusive, unless the nature or extent of the director’s interests have not been fairly disclosed to the Board. If the question comes up about the chairman of the meeting,
the question will be decided by a resolution of the Board. The chairman cannot vote on the question but can be counted in the quorum. The Board’s resolution about the chairman is conclusive, unless the nature or extent of
the chairman’s interests have not been disclosed to the Board. 


  

	57.	 Confidential information 



 

	57.1.	 Subject to Article 57.2, if a director receives information for which the director owes a duty of
confidentiality to a person other than BT, and the director did not receive the information because of their position as a director, the director will not be required to: 



 

	 	•	 	 disclose such confidential information to BT or to the Board, or to any director, officer or
employee of BT; or 


  

	 	•	 	 use or apply such confidential information in any other way in connection with the director’s duties as a
director. 


  

	57.2.	 If a duty of confidentiality arises out of a situation in which the director has, or can have, a direct or
indirect interest that conflicts, or possibly may conflict, with the interests of BT, Article 57.1 will apply only if the conflict arises out of a matter which has been authorised under Article 54 or falls within Article 55.



  

	57.3.	 This Article does not affect any equitable principle or rule of law which may excuse or release the director
from disclosing information, in circumstances where disclosure may otherwise be required under this Article. 


  

	58.	 Directors’ interests - general 



 

	58.1.	 For the purposes of Articles 54 to 58: 



 

	 	•	 	 a reference to a contract includes a reference to an existing or proposed contract, transaction or arrangement;



  

	 	•	 	 a director will be treated as owning one per cent or more of a company if the director (together with
those persons connected with the director) holds an interest in shares representing one per cent or more of: 


  

	 	•	 	 a class of issued equity share capital; or 



 

	 	•	 	 the voting rights of that company; 



 

	 	•	 	 an interest of a person who is connected with a director will be treated as an interest of the director;
and 


  

	 	•	 	 section 252 of the Companies Act will determine whether a person is connected with a director.



  

	58.2.	 Where a director has an interest which it is reasonable to expect will result in a conflict of interest, the
director can if asked to do so by the Board take such additional steps that are necessary or desirable to manage the conflict of interest. These steps can include complying with any procedures laid down by the Board to manage conflicts
of interest 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	 	generally, or carrying out any specific procedures approved by the Board for managing the situation or matter in question, including (without limitation) the director: 


 

	 	•	 	 being absent from any Board meetings where the relevant situation or matter is to be considered; and



  

	 	•	 	 not being given access to documents or information made available to the Board generally in relation to
such situation, or arranging for the documents or information to be reviewed by a professional adviser to determine whether it is appropriate for the director to have access to such documents or information. 



 

	58.3.	 The shareholders can by passing an ordinary resolution ratify any contract not properly
authorised by reason of breaching any of the provisions in Articles 54 to 58. 


 Directors’ Management
Powers 
  

	59.	 Management powers 



 

	59.1.	 The Board will manage BT’s business. They can use all BT’s powers, except where
the legislation or the Articles say that powers can only be used by the shareholders voting to do so at a General Meeting. The general management powers under this Article are not limited in any way by specific powers
given to the Board by other Articles. 


  

	59.2.	 The Board’s management powers are subject to: 



 

	 	•	 	 the legislation; 



 

	 	•	 	 the Articles; and 



 

	 	•	 	 any other requirements which are consistent with the legislation and the Articles and are approved
by the shareholders passing an ordinary resolution. 


  

	59.3.	 If a change is made to the Articles or the shareholders approve a requirement relating to
something which the Board have already done which was within their powers, that change or requirement cannot invalidate the Board’s previous action. 



 

	60.	 Appointing directors to executive positions 



The Board can appoint one or more directors to any executive position they decide. As far as the legislation allows, they can decide how long
these appointments will be for and what their terms will be. They can also vary the terms of or end these appointments. If a director ceases to be a director, the director automatically ceases to hold any executive position in BT. If a
director’s appointment is varied or ends because of this Article, this does not prejudice any claim against BT for breach of contract. 
  

	61.	 Delegation of powers 



The Board can give a director or the Secretary any of the powers which they have jointly as the Board. These powers can be given on any
terms and conditions the Board decide either in parallel with, or in place of, the powers of the Board acting together. These powers can include the power to sub-delegate. The Board can
change the basis on which these powers are given or withdraw them from the director or Secretary. No person dealing in good faith who does not know about the change or withdrawal will be affected by it. 

 

	62.	 Power to establish local boards and agencies 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	62.1.	 The Board can set up local boards or agencies to manage, supervise or advise on any of
BT’s business in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. The Board can also appoint a person (who need not be a director) to be a: 


  

	 	•	 	 member of a local board; or 



 

	 	•	 	 manager or agent. 


  

	62.2.	 The Board can: 



 

	 	•	 	 decide the remuneration and other benefits of people appointed under this Article; 



 

	 	•	 	 delegate any of the Board’s authority, powers or discretions to a: 



 

	 	•	 	 local board; 


  

	 	•	 	 manager or agent; or 


  

	 	•	 	 subsidiary undertaking of BT (whether wholly-owned or not); 



 

	 	•	 	 allow local boards, managers or agents, or subsidiary undertakings to delegate to another
person; 


  

	 	•	 	 allow members of local boards to fill any vacancies on their boards and to continue to act even though
there are vacancies; 


  

	 	•	 	 remove any people appointed under this Article (including people appointed by another person
under this Article); and 


  

	 	•	 	 cancel or change an appointment or delegation made under this Article (including an appointment made by another
person under this Article), although this will not affect a person who acts in good faith who has not had notice of the cancellation or change. 


  


	62.3.	 An appointment or delegation by the Board which is referred to in this Article can be on any terms and
conditions the Board decide. 


  

	62.4.	 In this Article, “local board” means a special or local board, committee or council and
includes a regional or area board or a board for a particular part of BT’s business. 


  

	63.	 Power to appoint agents 



 

	63.1.	 The Board can appoint a person (including the members of a group which changes over time) as
BT’s agent. The agent can either be appointed directly by the Board, or the Board can give another person the power to select an agent. The Board can decide the purposes, powers, authorities and discretions of
an agent. But they cannot give an agent a power, authority or discretion which the Board do not have under the Articles. 


  

	63.2.	 The Board can decide how long an appointment of an agent will last for and they can apply any terms and
conditions to it. The appointment can include any provisions which the Board decide for the protection and convenience of a person dealing with the agent. The appointment can also allow the agent to
sub-delegate all or any of their powers, authorities or discretions to any other person. 


  

	64.	 Positions with titles including the word ‘director’ 



The Board can appoint a person to a position having a title including the word “director” or give a title including the word
“director” to an existing position and can end that appointment or the use of that title. The use of the word “director” in the title of a position does not imply that the holder is a director of BT and the holder does not
have the power to act as a director of BT and is not treated as a director of BT for the purposes of the Articles. 
  

	65.	 Overseas branch registers 



BT can use all the powers that the legislation gives to keep an overseas branch register. The Board can make and change any regulations
they decide relating to this register, as long as the legislation allows this. 












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	66.	 Signatures on cheques etc. 



All cheques, promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange and other instruments (whether negotiable or transferable or not) and all receipts for
money paid to BT can be signed, drawn, accepted, endorsed or made effective in any way the Board decide. 
  

	67.	 Power to provide for the benefit of employees and former employees 



The Board can, by passing a resolution, exercise any powers given by the legislation to provide for the benefit of employees and former
employees of BT or any of its subsidiaries in connection with the ending of the business or the transfer to a person of all or any part of the business and assets of BT or that subsidiary. 

Directors’ Borrowing Powers 
  

	68.	 Borrowing powers 



To the extent that the legislation and the Articles allow, the Board can exercise all the powers of BT to: 

 

	 	•	 	 borrow money; 


  

	 	•	 	 mortgage or charge all or any part of BT’s business, property and assets



 (present and future); 
  

	 	•	 	 issue debentures and other securities; and 



 

	 	•	 	 give security either outright or as collateral security, for a debt, liability or obligation of BT
or another person. 


  

	69.	 Borrowing restrictions 



 

	69.1.	 The Board will limit the borrowings of BT and exercise all voting and other rights or
powers of control exercisable by BT in relation to its subsidiary undertakings so as to ensure that the aggregate amount of all borrowings by the Group outstanding at any time is not more than £35,000,000,000. This
affects subsidiary undertakings only to the extent the Board can do this by exercising these rights or powers of control. This limit can be exceeded if the consent of shareholders has been given in advance by passing an
ordinary resolution. The limit does not include borrowings owing by one member of the Group to another member of the Group. 


  

	69.2.	 In this Article: 


  

	 	•	 	 Group means BT and its subsidiary undertakings; and 



 

	 	•	 	 minority proportion means the proportion of the issued equity share capital of a partly-owned
subsidiary undertaking which does not belong to the Group. 


  

	69.3.	 In Article 69.1: 


  

	 	•	 	 amounts borrowed by a member of the Group for the purpose of repaying (with or without a premium)
all or any part of other borrowings owing by another member of the Group which are to be used for this purpose within six months of being borrowed are not to be taken into account pending their use for that purpose;



  

	 	•	 	 amounts borrowed by a partly-owned subsidiary undertaking which are not owed to another member of the
Group are to be taken into account (except that a proportion of the borrowings equal to the minority proportion is to be excluded); 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	 	•	 	 amounts borrowed by a member of the Group which are owed to a partly-owned subsidiary undertaking
are to be taken into account to the extent of a proportion of the borrowings equal to the minority proportion; 


  

	 	•	 	 amounts borrowed by a subsidiary undertaking before it became a member of the Group are not to be
taken into account until six months after the date it became a member of the Group; 


  

	 	•	 	 amounts secured on an asset of a member of the Group before it was acquired by a member of the
Group are not to be taken into account until six months after the date of the acquisition; 


  

	 	•	 	 amounts beneficially owned by a member of the Group which are deposited with a person who is
not a member of the Group and are repayable on, or within three months after, a demand are to be deducted from the borrowings of the Group (except that where the amounts are owned by a partly-owned subsidiary undertaking
a proportion of the amount owned equal to the minority proportion is to be excluded from the amount deducted); and 


  

	 	•	 	 if the amount of the borrowings is being calculated in connection with a transaction involving a company
becoming or ceasing to be a member of the Group, the amount is to be calculated as if the transaction had already occurred. 


  

	69.4.	 A certificate or report by a person chosen by the Board as to the amount of the borrowings at a
particular time will be conclusive evidence of that amount. However, the Board can rely on a genuine estimate of the amount of the borrowings at any time and if as a result the limit stated in Article 69.1 is exceeded, an amount of borrowed
money equal to the excess can be disregarded until six months after the date the Board became aware that this situation had or may have arisen, whether because of a decision of the person chosen by the Board or for any
other reason. 


  

	69.5.	 No lender or other person dealing with the Group needs to look at or enquire whether the limit
imposed by this Article is being observed. No borrowing incurred or security given in excess of this limit will be invalid or ineffective unless the lender or the recipient of the security had express notice at the time when the borrowing was
incurred or security given that the limit had been or would as a result be exceeded. 


 Liability 

 

	70.	 Liability of members 



The liability of each member is limited to the amount (if any) unpaid on the shares held by that member. 

Shares 
  

	71.	 Board’s authority to allot shares and “equity securities” and to sell treasury shares



  

	71.1.	 This Article regulates the Board’s authority to allot shares and their power to allot
equity securities for cash and to sell treasury shares for cash. 


  

	71.2.	 For the purposes of section 549 of the Companies Act, the Board are authorised, generally and
without conditions, under section 551 of the Companies Act, to allot shares and to grant rights to subscribe for or to convert any security into shares in BT. They are authorised to allot shares and grant rights for any
prescribed period. The maximum amount of shares which the Board can allot and rights which the Board can grant in each period is the Section 551 Amount. 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	71.3.	 The Board have the power to allot equity securities under the general authority in Article 71.2,
entirely paid for in cash, and to sell treasury shares, entirely paid for in cash, in each case free of the restriction in section 561(1) of the Companies Act. They have the power to allot equity securities and to
sell treasury shares for any prescribed period. There is no maximum amount of equity securities or treasury shares which the Board can allot or sell where the allotment or the sale is in connection
with a rights issue. In all other cases, the maximum amount of equity securities and treasury shares which the Board can allot or sell is the Section 561 Amount. 



 

	71.4.	 During each prescribed period, the Board can make offers, and enter into agreements, which would,
or might, need shares or equity securities to be allotted or sold, or rights to be granted, after those periods. 


  

	71.5.	 In this Article: 


  

	 	•	 	 rights issue means an offer of equity securities which is open for a period decided by the
Board to the people who are registered on a particular date (chosen by the Board) as holders of: 


  

	 	•	 	 Ordinary Shares, in proportion to their holdings of Ordinary Shares; 



 

	 	•	 	 other classes of equity securities which give them the right to receive the offer or which allow BT
to decide whether or not they should receive the offer (and the Board decide that they should receive it). 



However, the Board can do the following things (and the issue will still be treated as a rights issue for the
purposes of this Article if they do so): 
  

	 	•	 	 sell any fractions of equity securities to which people would be entitled and keep the net proceeds
for BT’s benefit or make other appropriate arrangements to deal with such fractions; 


  

	 	•	 	 make the rights issue subject to any limits or restrictions which the Board think are
necessary or appropriate to deal with legal or practical problems under the laws of any territory, or under the requirements of any recognised regulatory body, or stock exchange, in any territory or as a result of shares being represented by
American Depositary Shares or Global Depositary Shares or other instruments; 


  

	 	•	 	 treat a shareholder’s holdings of certificated and uncertificated shares as separate
shareholdings; or 


  

	 	•	 	 deal in a different way with the rights of an Ordinary Shareholder, if that shareholder
asks; 


  

	 	•	 	 prescribed period means any period fixed by the shareholders by passing a resolution at a
General Meeting. These resolutions can take the form of: 


  

	 	•	 	 an ordinary resolution fixing a prescribed period under Article 71.2; 



 

	 	•	 	 a special resolution fixing a prescribed period under Article 71.3; 



 

	 	•	 	 a special resolution fixing identical prescribed periods under Articles 71.2 and 71.3; or 



 

	 	•	 	 a special resolution fixing different prescribed periods under Articles 71.2 and 71.3; 



 

	 	•	 	 the Section 551 Amount for any prescribed period is that stated in a relevant
ordinary resolution passed by the shareholders at a General Meeting; 


  

	 	•	 	 the Section 561 Amount for any prescribed period is that stated in a relevant
special resolution; and 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	 	•	 	 in working out any maximum amounts of securities, the face value of rights to subscribe
for shares, or to convert any securities into shares, will be taken as the face value of the shares which would be allotted if the subscription or conversion takes place. 



 

	72.	 Uncertificated shares 



 

	72.1.	 Subject to the Articles and to the extent that the legislation allows, the Board
can decide that a class of shares can: 


  

	 	•	 	 be held in uncertificated form and that title to those shares can be transferred using a relevant system;
or 


  

	 	•	 	 no longer be held and transferred in uncertificated form. 



 

	72.2.	 The Articles do not apply to shares of a class which are held in uncertificated form to the extent that
they are inconsistent with the: 


  

	 	•	 	 holding of shares of that class in uncertificated form; 



 

	 	•	 	 transfer of title to shares of that class using a relevant system; or 



 

	 	•	 	 Regulations. 


  

	73.	 Renunciations of allotted but unissued shares 



Where a share has been allotted to a person but that person has not yet been entered on the Register, the Board can
recognise a transfer (called a renunciation) by that person of their right to the share in favour of some other person. The ability to renounce allotments only applies if the terms on which the share is allotted
are consistent with renunciation. The Board can impose terms and conditions regulating renunciation rights and can allow renunciation rights to be securities in uncertificated form in their own right. 

 

	74.	 Power to pay commission and brokerage 



 

	74.1.	 BT can use all the powers given by the legislation to pay commission or brokerage
to a person who: 


  

	 	•	 	 applies, or agrees to apply, for any new shares; or 



 

	 	•	 	 gets any other person to apply, or agree to apply for, any new shares. 



 

	74.2.	 BT can pay the commission in cash, or by allotting shares, or by a combination of both.



  

	75.	 No trusts or similar interests recognised 



 

	75.1.	 BT will only be affected by, or recognise, a current and absolute right to whole shares. The fact that
all or any part of a share may not be owned outright by the registered owner is not of concern to BT, for example, if a share is held on any kind of trust. This applies even if BT knows about the ownership of the share.



  

	75.2.	 The only exceptions are any rights: 



 

	 	•	 	 expressly given by the Articles; or 



 

	 	•	 	 which BT has a legal duty to recognise. 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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Changing Share Capital 
  

	76.	 Power to reduce capital 



The shareholders can pass a special resolution to reduce in any way: 

 

	 	•	 	 BT’s share capital; or 



 

	 	•	 	 a capital redemption reserve or share premium account. 



This is subject to any restrictions under the legislation. 

 

	77.	 Power to change capital 



The shareholders can pass ordinary resolutions to do any of the following: 

 

	 	•	 	 divide, all or any part of BT’s share capital into shares with a smaller face value
than the existing shares; and 


  

	 	•	 	 consolidate and divide all or any of BT’s shares into shares with a larger face
value than the existing shares. 


 This is subject to any restrictions under the legislation.

  

	78.	 Fractions of shares 



 

	78.1.	 If any shares are consolidated or divided, the Board have power to deal with any fractions
of shares which result or any other problem that arises. If the Board decide to sell any shares representing fractions, they must sell for the best price they can reasonably obtain and distribute the net proceeds of sale among shareholders
in proportion to their fractional entitlements. The Board can sell to a person (including BT, if the legislation allows) and can authorise a person to transfer those shares to the buyer or in accordance with
the buyer’s instructions. The buyer does not need to take any action to check how any money paid is used. The buyer’s ownership will not be affected if the sale was irregular or invalid in any way. 



 

	78.2.	 When the Board consolidate or divide shares, they can treat certificated and
uncertificated shares which a shareholder holds as separate shareholdings, as far as the legislation allows this. The Board can also arrange for any shares which result from a consolidation or division and
which represent rights to fractions of shares to be entered in the Register as certificated shares where this makes it easier to sell them. 


  

	79.	 Buying back shares 



 

	79.1.	 BT can use all the powers given by the legislation to buy back any of its own shares (including
redeemable shares). 


  

	79.2.	 BT has the right to: 



 

	 	•	 	 sell any treasury shares; 



 

	 	•	 	 transfer any treasury shares for the purposes of, or to benefit, an employees’ share scheme;



  

	 	•	 	 receive an allotment of shares as fully paid bonus shares in respect of any treasury shares;
or 


  

	 	•	 	 receive any amount payable on redemption of any redeemable treasury shares. 



BT cannot exercise any other right in respect of treasury shares BT holds, including any right to attend or vote at
meetings, to participate in any offer BT makes to shareholders or to receive any distribution (including in a winding up). 












 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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 Share
Rights 
  

	80.	 Shares and special rights 



 

	80.1.	 The provisions in these Articles about allotment, transfer, automatically entitled to a share
by law and all other matters relating to shares apply to new shares in the same way as if they were existing shares. 


  

	80.2.	 BT can issue new shares and attach any rights and restrictions to them, as long as this is
not restricted by special rights previously given to holders of any existing shares. Subject to this, the rights of new shares can take priority over the rights of existing shares, or existing shares
can take priority over them, or the new shares and the existing shares can rank equally. These rights and restrictions can apply to sharing in BT’s profits or assets. Other rights and restrictions
can also apply, for example relating to the right to vote. 


  

	80.3.	 The shareholders can decide on the rights and restrictions to be attached to new shares by
passing an ordinary resolution. The Board can also take these decisions if the shareholders have not passed a resolution which covers the point. 



 

	80.4.	 If the legislation allows this, the new shares can include rights for the holder and/or BT
to have them redeemed and the Board can decide the terms, conditions and manner of redemption of the shares. 


  

	81.	 Changing special rights of shares 



 

	81.1.	 If BT’s share capital is split into different classes of share, and if the legislation
allows this, the special rights which are attached to any of these classes can be varied or withdrawn if the shareholders approve this by passing a special resolution. This must be passed at a separate meeting of the holders
of the relevant class of shares. This is called a class meeting. Alternatively, the holders of at least 75 per cent of the existing shares of the class (by face value) can give their written consent.



  

	81.2.	 All the Articles relating to General Meetings apply, with any necessary changes, to a class
meeting, but with the following adjustments: 


  

	 	•	 	 at least two people who hold (or who act as proxies for people who hold) at least one third
of the total face value of the existing shares of the class are a quorum at a class meeting. However, if this quorum is not present at an adjourned meeting, one person who holds shares of the class,
or their proxy, is a quorum; 


  

	 	•	 	 a shareholder who is present in person or by proxy can demand a poll; and



  

	 	•	 	 on a poll, the holders of shares will have one vote for every share of the class which they hold.



 This is subject to any special rights or restrictions which are attached to a class of shares by the
Articles, or any rights attached to shares in some other way under the Articles. 
  

	81.3.	 This Article also applies if special rights of shares forming part of a class are varied or withdrawn.
Each part of the class which is being treated differently is viewed as a separate class in applying this Article. 


  

	82.	 More about special rights of shares 



Unless the terms of the existing shares say something different, the special rights of existing shares are not regarded as varied or
withdrawn if: 
  

	 	•	 	 new shares are created, or issued, which rank equally with or after any existing shares in
payment of dividends or sharing in profits or assets of BT; or 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	 	•	 	 BT buys back or redeems its own shares. 



Share Certificates 
  

	83.	 Certificates 


  


	83.1.	 When a shareholder is first registered as the holder of any class of certificated shares, that
shareholder is entitled, free of charge, to one certificate for all the certificated shares of that class which the shareholder holds. If a shareholder holds certificated shares of more than one class, that
shareholder is entitled to a separate share certificate for each class. This does not apply if the legislation allows BT not to issue share certificates. 



 

	83.2.	 If a shareholder receives more certificated shares of any class, that shareholder is
entitled, free of charge, to a certificate for the extra shares. 


  

	83.3.	 If a shareholder transfers some of the shares covered by a certificate, that shareholder is
entitled, free of charge, to a new certificate for the balance if the balance is also covered by a certificate. 


  

	83.4.	 BT does not have to issue more than one certificate for a certificated share, even if that share
is held jointly. 


  

	83.5.	 When BT delivers a certificate to the first named joint holder of certificated shares, this is
treated as delivery to all of the joint shareholders. 


  

	83.6.	 BT can deliver a certificate to a broker or agent who is acting for a person who is buying
certificated shares or who is having certificated shares transferred to them. 


  

	83.7.	 The Board can decide how share certificates are made effective. For example, they can be:



  

	 	•	 	 signed by two directors or one director and the Secretary; 



 

	 	•	 	 sealed with the Seal; or 



 

	 	•	 	 printed, in any way, with a copy or representation of those signatures or the Seal. The representation can
be made or produced mechanically, electronically or in any other way the Board approve. 


  

	83.8.	 A share certificate must state the number and class of shares to which it relates and the amount paid up
on those shares. It cannot be for shares of more than one class. 


  

	83.9.	 The time limit for BT to provide a share certificate under this Article for certificated shares
is: 


  

	 	•	 	 two months after the allotment of a new share (or any longer period provided by its terms of
issue); or 


  

	 	•	 	 five business days after a transfer of shares is presented for registration or the instruction from the
operator of the relevant system is received. 


  

	84.	 Replacement certificates 



 

	84.1.	 A shareholder can ask BT to cancel and replace a single share certificate with two or more
certificates, for the same total number of shares. The Board can require the shareholder to pay for the new certificates. 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	84.2.	 A shareholder can ask BT for a new certificate if the original is: 



 

	 	•	 	 worn out, damaged or defaced; or 



 

	 	•	 	 lost, stolen or destroyed. 



The Board can require the shareholder to pay BT’s exceptional out of pocket expenses for issuing a new certificate.

  

	84.3.	 If a certificate has been worn out, damaged or defaced, BT can require the certificate to be delivered
to it before issuing a replacement. If a certificate is lost, stolen or destroyed, BT can require satisfactory evidence, and an indemnity, before issuing a replacement. 



Transferring Shares 
  

	85.	 Share transfers 



 

	85.1.	 Unless the Articles say otherwise, a shareholder can transfer some or all of their shares to
another person. 


  

	85.2.	 Every transfer of certificated shares must be in writing, and either in the usual standard form,
or another form approved by the Board. 


  

	85.3.	 Every transfer of uncertificated shares must be carried out using a relevant system.



  

	85.4.	 The transfer form for certificated shares must be delivered to the Registered Office or any other
place the Board decide. The transfer form must have with it: 


  

	 	•	 	 the share certificate for the shares to be transferred; 



 

	 	•	 	 any other evidence which the Board ask for to prove that the person wanting to make the transfer is
entitled to do this; and 


  

	 	•	 	 if the transfer form is executed by another person on behalf of the person making the
transfer, evidence of the authority of that person to do so. 


  

	85.5.	 However, if a transfer is by a recognised clearing house or its nominee or by a recognised
investment exchange, a share certificate is only needed if a certificate has been issued for the shares in question. 


  

	85.6.	 A transfer form must be signed, or made effective in some other way, by or on behalf of the person
making the transfer. 


  

	85.7.	 The person making a transfer will be treated as continuing to be the shareholder until the name
of the person to whom a share is being transferred is entered on the Register for that share. 


  

	86.	 More about share transfers 



 

	86.1.	 If BT registers a transfer, it can keep the transfer form. A transfer form cannot be used to transfer
more than one class of shares. Each class needs a separate form. 


  

	86.2.	 No fee is payable to BT for transferring shares or registering changes relating to the ownership of
shares. 


  

	86.3.	 Transfers cannot be in favour of more than four joint holders. 



 

	86.4.	 A transfer form must be properly stamped to show payment of any applicable stamp duty. 














 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	86.5.	 The Board can refuse to register a transfer of an uncertificated share in the circumstances
stated in the Regulations. 


  

	86.6.	 If the Board decide not to register a transfer of a share, they must notify the person to whom
that share was to be transferred giving reasons for their decision. This must be done as soon as possible and no later than two months after BT receives the: 



 

	 	•	 	 transfer (in the case of a certificated share); or 



 

	 	•	 	 instruction from the operator of the relevant system (in the case of an uncertificated
share). 


 People Automatically Entitled to Shares by Law 

 

	87.	 When shareholders die 



 

	87.1.	 If a shareholder who is a joint shareholder dies, the remaining joint shareholder or
shareholders will be the only people who BT will recognise as being entitled to their shares. 


  

	87.2.	 When a sole shareholder (or a shareholder who is the last survivor of joint shareholders)
dies, their legal personal representatives will be the only people who BT will recognise as being entitled to their shares. 


  

	88.	 Registering personal representatives 



A person who becomes automatically entitled to a share by law can either be registered as the shareholder or can select some other
person to have the share transferred to. The automatically entitled person must provide any evidence of their entitlement which the Board reasonably require. 

89. People who want to be registered must give notice 
 If
a person who is automatically entitled to a share by law wants to be registered as a shareholder, they must deliver a written notice to BT saying that they have made this decision. The notice must be in the
form which the Board require. This notice will be treated as a transfer form. All the Articles about registering transfers of shares apply to it. The Board have the same power to refuse to register the automatically
entitled person as they would have had in deciding whether to register a transfer by the person who was previously entitled to the shares. 
  

	90.	 Having another person registered 



 

	90.1.	 If a person who is automatically entitled to a share by law wants the share to be
transferred to another person, they must do this for: 


  

	 	•	 	 a certificated share, by signing a transfer form to the person they have selected; and



  

	 	•	 	 an uncertificated share, by using a relevant system. 



 

	90.2.	 The Board have the same power to refuse to register the person selected as they would have had in
deciding whether to register a transfer by the person who was previously entitled to the shares. 


  

	91.	 Rights of people automatically entitled to shares by law 



 

	91.1.	 A person who is automatically entitled to a share by law is entitled to any dividends or
other money relating to the share, even though they are not registered as the holder of that share, on supplying to BT evidence the Board reasonably require to show their title















 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
 
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	 	to the share. However, the Board can send a written notice to the person saying that the person must either be registered as the holder of the share or transfer the share to some other
person. If the automatically entitled person does not do this within 90 days of the notice, the Board can withhold all dividends or other money relating to the share until they do. 


 

	91.2.	 Unless registered as the holder of the share, the person automatically entitled to a share by law
cannot: 


  

	 	•	 	 receive notices of shareholders’ meetings, or attend or vote at these meetings; or



  

	 	•	 	 exercise any other right of a shareholder in relation to any of these meetings; unless the Board
decide to allow this. 


 Shareholders who Cannot be Traced 

 

	92.	 Untraced shareholders 



 

	92.1.	 BT can sell any shares if: 



 

	 	•	 	 for 10 years before the sale, BT has tried to pay at least three dividends and no dividend
has been cashed; 


  

	 	•	 	 during this 10 year period, BT is satisfied that it has taken the steps it considers reasonable in
the circumstances to trace the shareholder, engaging, if considered appropriate, a professional asset reunification company or other tracing agent; and 


  

	 	•	 	 during this 10 year period, a communication is sent to the shareholder (as BT considers reasonable in the
circumstances) or, if known, to a person who is automatically entitled to the shares by law stating that it intends to sell the shares; provided that if this communication is sent less than three months before the end of the 10
year period, for three months after the date of sending the communication, BT has not heard from the person to whom the communication was sent. 


  

	92.2.	 BT can also sell any additional share issued during this 10 year period and (if applicable) three month
period, in right of any share to which Article 92.1 applies (or in right of any such additional share), if a communication is sent to the shareholder (as BT considers reasonable in the circumstances) or, if known, to a person who is
automatically entitled to the additional shares by law, stating that it intends to sell the additional shares, provided that for three months after the date of sending the notice BT has not heard from the person to whom
the communication was sent. 


  

	92.3.	 To sell any shares in this way, the Board can authorise a person to transfer the shares. This
transfer will be just as effective as if it had been made by the registered holder of the shares, or by a person who is automatically entitled to the shares by law. The ownership of the person to whom the shares are
transferred will not be affected even if the sale is irregular or invalid in any way. 


  

	92.4.	 BT can keep any money which it has earned on the net sale proceeds and BT will not be liable in
any respect to the registered holder of the shares or any person who was automatically entitled to the shares by law for the sale proceeds. BT can use this money for any purpose that the Board may from time to time
think fit. 


  

	92.5.	 In the case of uncertificated shares, this Article is subject to any restrictions which apply
under the Regulations. 














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Dividends 
  

	93.	 Final dividends 



Shareholders can declare dividends by passing an ordinary resolution, but no dividend can exceed the amount recommended by the
Board. 
  

	94.	 Fixed and interim dividends 



 

	94.1.	 If the Board consider that the profits of BT justify such payments, they can pay:



  

	 	•	 	 interim dividends on any class of shares of any amounts, on any dates and for any periods which they decide; and



  

	 	•	 	 fixed or other dividends on any class of shares on the dates stated for the payment of those dividends.



  

	94.2.	 If the Board act in good faith, they are not liable to any shareholders for any loss they suffer
because a lawful dividend has been paid under this Article on other shares which rank equally with or behind their shares. 


  

	95.	 Distributions in kind 



If the Board recommend this, shareholders can pass an ordinary resolution to direct all or any part of a dividend to be paid by
distributing specific assets (and in particular paid-up shares or debentures of any other company). The Board must give effect to that resolution. Where a difficulty
arises on the distribution, the Board can settle it as they decide. In particular, they can: 
  

	 	•	 	 issue fractional certificates; 



 

	 	•	 	 value the assets for distribution purposes; 



 

	 	•	 	 pay cash of a similar value to adjust the rights of shareholders; and/or 



 

	 	•	 	 transfer any assets to trustees. 



 

	96.	 No dividends are payable except out of profits 



No dividend can be paid except out of profits available for distribution under the legislation. 

 

	97.	 Payments to shareholders 



 

	97.1.	 A dividend or other money payable in cash relating to a share can be paid: 



 

	 	•	 	 by cheque or warrant payable to the shareholder or person automatically entitled to
the shares by law who is entitled to it or to another person named in a written instruction from the shareholder (or all joint shareholders or people jointly and automatically entitled to the shares
by law); 


  

	 	•	 	 in the case of uncertificated shares, by using a relevant system; 



 

	 	•	 	 by bank transfer, electronic means or by means of a website directly to an account named in a written
instruction from the shareholder (or all joint shareholders or people jointly and automatically entitled to the shares by law); and/or 



 

	 	•	 	 in any other way agreed between the shareholder (or all joint shareholders or people jointly
and automatically entitled to the shares by law) and BT. 


  

	97.2.	 For joint shareholders, or people jointly and automatically entitled to shares by
law, BT can rely on a receipt for a dividend or other money paid on shares from any one of them. 


  

	97.3.	 Cheques and warrants are sent, and payment in any other way is made, at the risk of the people
who are entitled to the money. BT is treated as having paid a dividend if a cheque 














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	 	or warrant is cleared or if a payment is made using a relevant system, bank transfer, electronic means or by means of a website. BT will not be responsible for a payment which is lost or
delayed. 

  

	97.4.	 BT can send a cheque or warrant to shareholders who are employees of BT or any of
its subsidiary undertakings through BT’s internal post system. 


  

	97.5.	 Unless the rights attached to any shares, the terms of any shares or the Articles say otherwise,
a dividend and any other money payable in respect of a share can be paid in whatever currency the Board decide using an appropriate exchange rate selected by the Board for any currency conversions required. The Board can
also decide how any costs relating to the choice of currency will be met. 


  

	97.6.	 No dividend or other money payable by BT in respect of its shares carries a right to interest
from BT, unless the rights of the shares say something different. 


  

	98.	 Deducting amounts owing from dividends and other money 



If a shareholder owes any money to BT relating in any way to BT shares, the Board can deduct any of this money from any: 

 

	 	•	 	 dividend on any shares held by the shareholder; or 



 

	 	•	 	 other money payable by BT in respect of the shares. 



Money deducted in this way can be used to pay the amounts owed to BT. 
  


	99.	 Unclaimed dividends and other money 



 

	99.1.	 Unclaimed dividends and other money payable in respect of a share that is unclaimed can be invested or
otherwise used by the Board for the benefit of BT until they are claimed. The Board can decide to pay the unclaimed dividends and other unclaimed money into a separate account, but BT will not be a trustee
of the money. If a dividend or other unclaimed money has not been claimed for 10 years after it was declared or became due for payment, or if BT sells the share to which the dividend or other unclaimed money relates in accordance
with the authority in Article 92, it will be forfeited and belong to BT again unless the Board decides otherwise. 


  

	99.2.	 BT can stop paying dividends if cheques or warrants for two dividends in a row are sent back or
not cashed or if payment by any other means has not been able to be made twice in a row through no fault of BT. BT must start paying dividends in the same way again if the shareholder or a person automatically
entitled to the shares by law: 


  

	 	•	 	 claims those dividends in writing (before they go back to BT under Article 99.1); and



  

	 	•	 	 does not ask BT to start paying dividends in some other way. 



 

	100.	 Waiver of dividends 



All or any dividends can be waived by a document which is accepted by BT or on which BT acts. The document must be signed or authenticated in
accordance with Article 104 by the shareholder (or the person automatically entitled to the shares by law) and delivered to BT. 

101. Record dates 
 A dividend or distribution on, and an
allotment or issue of, any shares can be paid or made to the holders of shares shown on the Register at whatever time on whatever day is stated in 












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 the resolution declaring the
dividend or providing for the distribution, allotment or issue. If no time is stated in the resolution, the close of business applies. This Article applies whether what is being done is the result of a resolution of the Board or
a resolution passed at a General Meeting. The date can be before the relevant resolution was passed. This Article does not affect the rights between past and present shareholders to payments or other benefits. 

Scrip Dividends 
  

	102.	 Shareholders can be offered the right to receive new shares instead of cash dividends



  

	102.1.	 The Board can offer Ordinary Shareholders the right to choose to receive new Ordinary
Shares, which are credited as fully paid, instead of some or all of their cash dividend. Before they can do this, the shareholders must have passed an ordinary resolution authorising the Board to make this offer.



  

	102.2.	 The ordinary resolution can apply to some or all of a particular dividend or dividends. Alternatively,
it can apply to some or all of the dividends which are declared or paid in a specified period. The specified period must not end later than the end of the Annual General Meeting which is held in the fifth year after the ordinary
resolution is passed. 


  

	102.3.	 The Board can offer shareholders the right to request new shares instead of cash for: 



 

	 	•	 	 the next dividend; or 


  


	 	•	 	 all future dividends (if a share alternative is made available), until they tell BT that they no longer
want to receive new shares. 


 The Board can also allow shareholders to choose between these alternatives.

  

	102.4.	 A shareholder choosing new shares is entitled to Ordinary Shares whose total relevant value is as
near as possible to the cash dividend the shareholder would have received (disregarding any tax credit), but not more than it. 



The relevant value of a share is: 
  

	 	•	 	 the average value of BT’s Ordinary Shares for the five dealing days starting from, and including, the
day when the shares are first quoted ex-dividend (this average value is worked out from the average middle market quotations for BT’s Ordinary Shares on the London Stock Exchange, as
published in its Daily Official List); or 


 a value worked out in accordance with the ordinary resolution. 

A certificate or report by the Auditor stating the relevant value for a dividend is conclusive evidence of that value. 

 

	102.5.	 The Board can decide how any costs relating to making new shares available in place of a cash dividend
will be met. For example, they can decide that an amount will be deducted from the entitlement of a shareholder under Article 102.4. 


  

	102.6.	 After the Board have decided to apply this Article to a dividend, they must give eligible
shareholders written notice of their right to choose new shares. This notice should also say how, where and when shareholders must notify BT if they want to receive new shares. Where shareholders have already chosen to
receive new shares in place of all future dividends, if new shares are available, BT will not need to notify them of a right to choose new shares. 














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	102.7.	 No shareholder will receive a fraction of a share. The Board can decide how to deal with any
fractions left over. For example, they can decide that the benefit of fractions belongs to BT or that fractions are ignored or deal with fractions in some other way. 



 

	102.8.	 The Board can exclude or restrict the right of shareholders to choose new shares or make any
other arrangements where they decide that: 


  

	 	•	 	 this is necessary or appropriate to deal with legal or practical problems: 



 

	 	•	 	 under the laws of any territory; 



 

	 	•	 	 under the requirements of any recognised regulatory body, or stock exchange, in any territory; or



  

	 	•	 	 as a result of shares being represented by American Depositary Shares or Global Depositary Shares or other
instruments; or 


  

	 	•	 	 it would be impractical or unduly onerous to give the right to any shareholder or that for some other
reason the right should not be given. 


  

	102.9.	 If a shareholder chooses to receive new shares, no dividend on the corresponding elected shares
will be declared or payable. Instead, new Ordinary Shares will be allotted on the basis stated earlier in this Article. To do this the Board will change into capital a sum equal to the total face value
of the new Ordinary Shares to be allotted. They will use this sum to pay up in full the appropriate number of new Ordinary Shares. These will then be allotted and distributed to the holders of the
elected shares as stated above. The sum to be changed into capital can be taken from any amount which is part of BT’s reserves (including premiums received when any shares were issued, capital redemption
reserves or other undistributable reserves) or which BT is holding as net profits. Article 122 applies to this process, as far as it is consistent with this Article. 



 

	102.10.	 The new Ordinary Shares rank equally in all respects with the existing fully paid Ordinary
Shares at the time the new Ordinary Shares are allotted. They are not entitled to share in the dividend from which they arose and do not allow the holder to choose new shares instead of that dividend. 



 

	102.11.	 Unless the Board decide otherwise or the Regulations or the rules of a relevant system
require otherwise, any new Ordinary Shares which a shareholder has chosen to receive instead of some or all of their cash dividend will be: 


  


	 	•	 	 uncertificated shares if the corresponding elected shares were uncertificated shares on the
record date for that dividend; and 


  

	 	•	 	 certificated shares if the corresponding elected shares were certificated shares on the
record date for that dividend. 


  

	102.12.	 The Board can decide that new shares will not be available in place of any cash dividend. They can
decide this at any time before new shares are allotted in place of a dividend, whether this is before or after shareholders have chosen to receive new shares. 



 

	102.13.	 In this Article, elected shares means the shares in respect of which the shareholder has chosen
to receive new shares. 


 Communications with shareholders 

 

	103.	 Delivering notices and other documents to shareholders 



 

	103.1.	 BT can, subject to and in accordance with the Companies Act and these Articles,
send or supply all types of notice, document or information to a shareholder: 














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	 	•	 	 by delivering it by hand to the address recorded for the shareholder on the Register or an
address specified for the purpose by the intended recipient; 


  

	 	•	 	 by sending it by post in an envelope (with postage paid) to the address recorded for the shareholder
on the Register; or 


  

	 	•	 	 by electronic means (except for share certificates) and/or by making such notices, documents or
information (except for share certificates) available on a website. 


  

	103.2.	 Subject to the provisions of Articles 103 to 111, the Company Communications Provisions govern
any provision of the Companies Act or those Articles that authorises or requires notices, documents or information to be sent or supplied by BT to its shareholders or to BT from its shareholders.



  

	104.	 Signature or authentication of documents 



Where these Articles require a notice, document or information, including a proxy form, to be signed or authenticated by a shareholder
or other person then any notice, document or information sent or supplied in electronic form is sufficiently authenticated in any manner authorised by the Company Communications Provisions or in any other manner
approved by the Board. The Board can designate mechanisms for validating any notice or document of this kind, and any document not validated by the use of these mechanisms can be treated by the Board as never having been
received by BT or its agent. 
  

	105.	 Joint shareholders 



 

	105.1.	 Anything which needs to be agreed by joint shareholders will be treated as being agreed by all the joint
shareholders where it has been agreed by the joint shareholder who is listed first on the Register. 


  

	105.2.	 When a notice, document or information is authorised or required to be sent or supplied to joint
shareholders it must be sent or supplied to the joint shareholder who is listed first on the Register for the share but, subject to the legislation, ignoring a joint shareholder without an address in
the United Kingdom under Article 106. A notice, document or information sent in this way is treated as delivered to all the joint shareholders. 


  


	105.3.	 The provisions of this Article relating to joint shareholders will have effect in place of the
Company Communications Provisions. 


  

	106.	 Shareholders with foreign addresses or on branch registers 



 

	106.1.	 Subject to the legislation, BT does not have to send notices, documents or information to
a shareholder whose address on the Register is outside the United Kingdom if the shareholder has not given BT an address in the United Kingdom where notices, documents or information can be
sent. 


  

	106.2.	 For a shareholder registered on a branch register, notices, documents or information can be posted or
despatched in the United Kingdom or in the country where the branch register is kept. 


  

	107.	 Notices when shareholders have died or are bankrupt or in liquidation 



 

	107.1.	 This Article applies where a person is registered as a sole or first-named joint shareholder but
another person is automatically entitled to their shares by law. The person who proves that they are automatically entitled to the shares by law to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board can give
BT an address where notices, documents and information can be sent or supplied. If this is done, subject to Article 91.2, notices, documents and information must be sent to that address. Otherwise, if















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 a notice,
document or information is sent or supplied to the shareholder named on the Register in accordance with the Articles, this will be valid even though another person is automatically entitled to their shares by
law. This applies even if BT was aware of this. If notices, documents or information are sent in accordance with this Article, there is no need to send them in any other way to any other people involved. 

 

	107.2.	 The provisions of this Article relating to the death, bankruptcy or liquidation of a shareholder will
have effect in place of the Company Communications Provisions. 


  

	108.	 When notices are delivered 



 

	108.1.	 If a notice, document or information is delivered by hand, it is treated as being delivered at the time it is
handed to or left for the shareholder. 


  

	108.2.	 If a notice, document or information is sent or supplied by BT in hard copy form, or in
electronic form, but not delivered by electronic means and which is sent by pre-paid post and properly addressed, it is treated as being received by the intended recipient: 



 

	 	•	 	 24 hours after it was posted, if first class post was used; or 



 

	 	•	 	 72 hours after it was posted, if first class post was not used. 



It can be proved conclusively that a notice, document or information was received by post by showing that the notice, document or information
was properly addressed, prepaid and posted. 
  

	108.3.	 If a notice, document or information (other than a share certificate) is sent or supplied by BT by
electronic means, it is treated as being received by the intended recipient at the time it was sent. It can be proved conclusively that a notice, document or information was received by electronic means, by showing that the notice,
document or information was properly addressed. 


  

	108.4.	 If a notice, document or information is sent or supplied by BT by means of a website it is treated as
being received by the intended recipient when the material was first made available on the website or, if later, when the recipient received (or is treated as having received) notice of the fact that the material was available on the website.



  

	108.5.	 The provisions of this Article relating to delivery of notices, documents or information will have effect in
place of the Company Communications Provisions. 


  

	109.	 Undelivered notices 



This Article applies where, on two consecutive occasions, notices, documents or information sent or supplied by post have been returned undelivered. If the
shareholder gives BT a new address where notices, documents or information can be sent or supplied, the shareholder is entitled to have notices, documents or information sent or supplied to them at that address.
Otherwise, the shareholder is not entitled to receive any notices, documents or information from BT. 
  

	110.	 If notices are accidentally not sent 



 

	110.1.	 If a notice, proxy form, other document or information relating to a meeting or other
proceeding is accidentally not sent or is not received, the meeting or other proceeding will not be invalid as a result. 


  

	110.2.	 A shareholder present in person or by proxy at a shareholders’ meeting is treated as
having received proper notice of that meeting and, where necessary, of the purpose of that meeting. 














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	111.	 Delivering notices and other documents to BT 



 

	111.1.	 Shareholders can subject to and in accordance with the Companies Act and these
Articles, send or supply a notice, document or information to BT: 


  

	 	•	 	 by delivering it by hand to the Registered Office; 



 

	 	•	 	 by sending it by post in an envelope (with postage paid) to the Registered Office; 



 

	 	•	 	 by electronic means to the address notified by BT in its communications to shareholders
for this purpose. 


  

	111.2.	 If a notice, document or information is delivered by hand, it is treated as being delivered at the time it is
left at the Registered Office. 


  

	111.3.	 If a notice, document or information is sent by post, it is treated as being delivered at the time it is
received at the Registered Office. 


  

	111.4.	 If a notice, document or information is sent by electronic means, it is treated as being delivered at
the time it was received. 


  

	111.5.	 A notice, document or information sent or supplied to BT by electronic means will not be treated
as received by BT if it is rejected by computer virus protection arrangements. 


  

	111.6.	 This Article does not affect any provision of the legislation or the Articles requiring notices
or documents to be delivered in a particular way. 


 Auditor 

 

	112.	 Attending General Meetings 



The Auditor can attend a General Meeting and can speak there on any business which is relevant to them as Auditor. 

 

	113.	 Validity of the Auditor’s actions 



As far as the legislation allows, the actions of a person acting as an Auditor are valid in favour of a person dealing with BT
in good faith, even if there was some defect in that person’s appointment or that person was at any time not qualified to act as an auditor. 

Secretary 
  

	114.	 Secretary, and deputy and temporary Secretaries 



 

	114.1.	 The Secretary is appointed by the Board. The Board decide the terms and period of the
appointment. The Board can also remove the Secretary. This does not affect any claim for damages against BT for breach of any contract of employment the Secretary may have. The Board can appoint two or more
people to be joint Secretaries. 


  

	114.2.	 The Board can also appoint one or more people to be deputy Secretaries or one person
to be a temporary Secretary. The Board decide their terms and period of employment. The Board can also remove a deputy or temporary Secretary. This does not affect any claim for damages against BT for breach of
any contract of employment they may have. Anything which the Articles require or allow to be done by the Secretary can also be done by a deputy or temporary Secretary. 














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	114.3.	 Anything which the legislation or the Articles require or allow to be done by or to a director
and the Secretary cannot be done by or to one person acting as both a director and the Secretary. 


 Seals 
  

	115.	 Seal and Securities Seal 



 

	115.1.	 The Board are responsible for arranging for the Seal and any Securities Seal to be kept
safely. The Seal and any Securities Seal can only be used with the authority of the Board or a committee authorised by the Board. For the purposes of this Article, a committee authorised by the Board can consist
solely of people who are not directors. 


  

	115.2.	 Every document which has the Seal stamped on it must be signed autographically by:



  

	 	•	 	 one director and the Secretary; 



 

	 	•	 	 two directors; 


  

	 	•	 	 one director in the presence of a witness who confirms the signature of the director, or 



 

	 	•	 	 a person who is authorised to do so by the Board either generally or in relation to specific
documents or documents of specific descriptions. 


  

	  	 However, the Board can decide that specific documents or documents of specific descriptions can be
printed, in any way, with a copy or representation of these signatures. The representation can be made or produced mechanically, electronically or in any other way the Board approve. 



 

	115.3.	 The Securities Seal can be used only for sealing securities issued by BT and documents
creating or evidencing securities issued by BT. Securities and documents which have the Securities Seal stamped on them do not need to be signed. 



 

	115.4.	 The Board can use all the powers given by the legislation relating to official seals for use
abroad. 


 Documents 
  

	116.	 Certifying copies of documents 



 

	116.1.	 A director or the Secretary has power to decide that any of the following are genuine and to certify
copies of or extracts from them as true copies or extracts: 


  

	 	•	 	 documents relating to BT’s constitution; 



 

	 	•	 	 resolutions passed by the shareholders or a class of shareholders, or by the Board or a
Board committee; and 


  

	 	•	 	 books, documents, records or accounts which relate to BT’s business. 



 

	 	•	 	 The Board can also give this power to other people. 



 

	116.2.	 A document which appears to be a copy of a resolution or an extract from the minutes of a meeting and which is
certified as a true copy or extract as described in Article 116.1 is conclusive evidence for a person who deals with BT on the strength of the document that the: 



 

	 	•	 	 resolution has been properly passed; or 



 

	 	•	 	 extract is a true and accurate record of the proceedings of a valid meeting. 














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	117.	 Destroying documents 



 

	117.1.	 BT can destroy all: 



 

	 	•	 	 transfer forms for shares, documents sent to support a transfer and any other documents which were the basis for
making an entry on the Register, six years after the date of registration; 


  

	 	•	 	 dividend payment instructions and notifications of a change of address or name, two years
after the date these were recorded; and 


  

	 	•	 	 cancelled share certificates, one year after the date they were cancelled. 



 

	117.2.	 A document destroyed by BT in accordance with Article 117.1 is conclusively treated as having been valid
and effective in accordance with BT’s records relating to the document. Any action of BT in dealing with the document in accordance with its terms before it was destroyed is conclusively treated as having been properly taken.



  

	117.3.	 Articles 117.1 and 117.2 only apply to documents which are destroyed in good faith and if BT has not
been informed that keeping the documents is relevant to any claim. 


  

	117.4.	 If the documents relate to uncertificated shares, BT must also comply with any rules (as defined in the
Regulations) which limit its ability to destroy these documents. 


  

	117.5.	 This Article does not make BT liable if it: 



 

	 	•	 	 destroys a document earlier than the time limit stated in Article 117.1; 



 

	 	•	 	 does not comply with the conditions in Article 117.3; or 



 

	 	•	 	 would not be liable if this Article did not exist. 



 

	117.6.	 This Article applies whether a document is destroyed or disposed of in some other way. 



Indemnity, Insurance and Defence expenditure 
  

	118.	 Indemnity 


  

	118.1.	 Subject to, and as far as the legislation and rules made by the UK Listing Authority
allow, every director, former director and officer of BT and of each of the Associated Companies of BT will be indemnified by BT out of its own funds against the following: 



 

	 	•	 	 any liability incurred by or attaching to the directors or officers in connection with any negligence,
default, breach of duty or breach of trust by the directors or officers in relation to BT or any Associated Company of BT other than: 



 

	 	•	 	 any liability to BT or any Associated Company; and 



 

	 	•	 	 any liability of the kind referred to in section 234(3) of the Companies Act; and 



 

	 	•	 	 any other liability incurred by or attaching to the directors or officers: 



 

	 	•	 	 in actually or seemingly carrying out their duties; 



 

	 	•	 	 in exercising or seemingly exercising their powers; and 



 

	 	•	 	 in any other activity connected to their duties, powers or office. 



 

	118.2.	 Subject to the Companies Act and rules made by the UK Listing Authority, BT may
indemnify a director and former director of BT and any Associated Company of BT if the director is the trustee of an occupational pension scheme (within the meaning of section 235(6) of the Companies Act).















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	118.3.	 Where a director or officer is indemnified against any liability in accordance with this Article 118,
the indemnity will cover all costs, charges, losses, expenses and liabilities incurred by the directors or officers. 


  

	118.4.	 In this Article a company is an Associated Company of BT if: 



 

	 	•	 	 the company is a subsidiary of BT; 



 

	 	•	 	 BT is a subsidiary of the company; 



 

	 	•	 	 both BT and the company are subsidiaries of the same company. 



119. Insurance 
  

	119.1.	 In this Article each of the following is a Relevant Company: 



 

	 	•	 	 BT; 


  

	 	•	 	 a holding company of BT; 



 

	 	•	 	 a body, whether or not incorporated, in which BT or its holding company, or a
predecessor of BT or its holding company, has or had an interest, whether direct or indirect; and 


  

	 	•	 	 a body, whether or not incorporated, which is in any way allied to or associated with BT, or any
subsidiary undertaking of BT or such other body. 


  

	119.2.	 As far as the legislation allows and without limiting Article 118 in any way, the Board can
arrange for BT to purchase and maintain insurance against any liability for or for the benefit of: 


  

	 	•	 	 any people who are or were at any time directors or officers of a Relevant Company; or



  

	 	•	 	 any people who are or were at any time a trustee of any pension fund or employees’ share scheme in
which employees of any Relevant Company are interested. 


 This includes insurance against any liability
incurred by or attaching to those people through any act or omission: 
  

	 	•	 	 in actually or seemingly carrying out their duties; 



 

	 	•	 	 in exercising or seemingly exercising their powers; and 



 

	 	•	 	 in any other activity connected to their duties, powers or office; 



in relation to: 
  

	 	•	 	 any Relevant Company; 



 

	 	•	 	 any pension fund; or 


  

	 	•	 	 any employees’ share scheme; 



and all costs, charges, losses, expenses and liabilities incurred by those people in relation to any act or omission. 

 

	120.	 Defence expenditure 



 

	120.1.	 Subject to and as far as the legislation and rules made by the UK Listing Authority allow,
BT may: 


  

	 	•	 	 provide a director, former director or officer of BT or any Associated Company of BT
with funds to meet expenditure incurred or which a director or officer may incur in defending any criminal or civil proceedings in connection with any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust by the director or officer
in relation to BT or an Associated Company of BT or in connection with any application for relief under the provisions mentioned in section 205(5) of the Companies Act; and 














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	 	•	 	 do anything to enable any of these directors or officers to avoid incurring that expenditure.



  

	120.2.	 The terms set out in section 205(2) of the Companies Act will apply to any provision of funds or
other things done under Article 120.1. 


  

	120.3.	 Subject to and as far as the legislation and rules made by the UK Listing
Authority allow, BT may: 


  

	 	•	 	 provide a director, former director or officer of BT or any Associated Company of BT with
funds to meet expenditure incurred or which a director or officer may incur in defending an investigation by a regulatory authority or against action proposed to be taken by a regulatory authority in connection with any alleged negligence,
default, breach of duty or breach of trust by the director or officer in relation to BT or any Associated Company of BT; and 


  

	 	•	 	 do anything to enable any of these directors or officers to avoid incurring that expenditure.



  

	120.4.	 In this Article a company is an Associated Company of BT if: 



 

	 	•	 	 the company is a subsidiary of BT; 



 

	 	•	 	 BT is a subsidiary of the company; 



 

	 	•	 	 both BT and the company are subsidiaries of the same company. 



Reserves 
  

	121.	 Setting up reserves 



The Board can set aside any profits of BT and hold them in a reserve. The Board can decide to use these sums for any purpose for
which the profits of BT can lawfully be used. Pending their use, sums held in a reserve can either be used in the business of BT or invested in any way the Board decide. The Board can divide the reserve into
separate funds for special purposes and change the funds into which the reserve is divided. The Board can also carry forward any profits without holding them in a reserve. The Board must comply with the restrictions in
the legislation which relate to reserve funds. 
  

	122.	 Changing reserves into capital 



 

	122.1.	 If the Board recommend this, shareholders can pass an ordinary resolution to allow the
Board to change into capital an amount which: 


  

	 	•	 	 is part of BT’s reserves (including premiums received when any shares were
issued, capital redemption reserves or other undistributable reserves); or 


  

	 	•	 	 BT is holding as net profits. 



 

	122.2.	 The Board will use the sum which is changed into capital by setting it aside for the Ordinary
Shareholders on the Register at the stated time on the day the resolution is passed (or whatever day is stated in the resolution or fixed as stated in the resolution). If no time is stated in the resolution, the close of business applies.
The sum set aside must be used to pay up in full shares of BT and to allot such shares and distribute them to shareholders as bonus shares in proportion to their holdings of Ordinary Shares at the time. The shares
can be Ordinary Shares or, if the rights of other existing shares allow this, shares of some other class. 














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	122.3.	 If a difficulty arises in operating this Article, the Board can resolve it in any way which they decide.
For example, they can decide that the benefit of fractions of shares belongs to BT or that fractions are ignored or deal with fractions in some other way. 



 

	122.4.	 The Board can appoint a person to sign a contract with BT on behalf of those who are
entitled to shares under the resolution. Such a contract is binding on all concerned. 


  

	123.	 Assets treated as revenue 



If the legislation allows: 
  

	 	•	 	 where an asset, business or property is bought by BT as from a past date, the Board can
decide that any of the related profits and losses as from that date can be added to BT’s revenue account and treated for all purposes as profits or losses of BT; and 



 

	 	•	 	 where any securities are bought by BT with any dividend or interest, the Board can decide
that the dividend or interest can be treated as revenue rather than capital. 


 Accounts 

 

	124.	 Accounting records 



The Board must make sure that accounting records which comply with the legislation are kept. 

 

	125.	 Location and inspection of records 



 

	125.1.	 The accounting records must be kept at: 



 

	 	•	 	 the Registered Office; or 



 

	 	•	 	 any other place which the legislation allows and the Board decides. 



 

	125.2.	 BT’s officers always have the right to inspect the accounting records. 



 

	125.3.	 No other person (including a shareholder) has a right to inspect any accounting records or other
books or papers of BT unless the: 


  

	 	•	 	 legislation or a Court order gives that person the right; 



 

	 	•	 	 Board authorise that person to do so; or 



 

	 	•	 	 shareholders pass an ordinary resolution authorising that person to do so.



  

	126.	 Sending copies of accounts and other documents 



 

	126.1.	 This Article applies to BT’s annual accounts and report to be put to the shareholders at a
General Meeting and any other documents which the legislation requires to be attached to them. 


  

	126.2.	 Copies of these documents must be sent to the shareholders and debenture holders
and all other people to whom the legislation or the Articles require BT to send them. This must be done at least 21 days before the relevant General Meeting. 126.3. But BT need not send these documents
to: 


  

	 	•	 	 shareholders who are sent summary financial statements in accordance with the legislation;



  

	 	•	 	 more than one joint shareholder or debenture holder; or 



 

	 	•	 	 a person for whom BT does not have a current address. 














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	  	 Shareholders and debenture holders who are not sent copies can receive a copy free
of charge by applying to BT at the Registered Office or an address that the Board has specified for that purpose. 



Winding Up 
  

	127.	 Distribution in kind 



If BT is wound up (whether the liquidation is voluntary, under supervision of the Court or by the Court) the liquidator can, with the authority of a
special resolution passed by the shareholders, divide among the shareholders all or any part of the assets of BT. This applies whether the assets consist of property of one kind or different kinds. For this
purpose, the liquidator can place whatever value the liquidator considers fair on any property and decide how the division is carried out between shareholders or different groups of shareholders. The liquidator can also, with the same
authority, transfer any assets to trustees upon any trusts for the benefit of shareholders which the liquidator decides. The liquidation of BT can then be finalised and BT dissolved. No past or present
shareholder can be compelled to accept any shares or other property under this Article which could give them a liability. 
 Interpretation 
  

	128.	 Meaning of certain words and phrases used in the Articles 



 

	128.1.	 The following table gives the meaning of certain words and phrases as they are used in the Articles.
However, the meaning given in the table does not apply if that is inconsistent with the context in which a word or phrase appears. 


  

			
	Words	  	Meanings
	Articles	  	BT’s articles of association, including any changes made to them
		
	Auditor	  	The auditor of BT and, where two or more people are appointed to act jointly, any one of them
		
	Board	  	All or any of the directors of BT acting as a board
		
	BT	  	BT Group plc
		
	business day	  	A day (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays) on which banks are open for business in the City of London
		
	Companies Act	  	The Companies Act 2006
		
	company	  	A corporate body
		
	Company Communications Provisions	  	The meaning of this term is given in the Companies Act. These provisions have effect for the purposes of anything in the Companies Act or these Articles that authorises or requires notices, documents or
information to be sent or supplied by or to BT 
		
	electronic facility	  	Any device, system, procedure, method or facility providing an electronic means of attendance at or participation in (or both attendance at and participation in) a General Meeting determined by the Board
pursuant to Article 8.5
		
	electronic form	  	This is a term used in the Companies Act. It covers a document or information sent or supplied by electronic means or by any other means while in an electronic form (such as by email, text message, fax or
sending a disk by post)













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	existing shares	  	Shares which are in issue at the relevant time
		
	face value (of a share)	  	The nominal value of the share
		
	General Meeting	  	A meeting of shareholders held in accordance with the Articles. This includes any General Meeting which is held as BT’s Annual General Meeting 
		
	hard copy form	  	This is a term used in the Companies Act. It covers documents or information sent or supplied in paper copy or a similar form which can be read
		
	Interested Directors	  	Directors who have or could have a direct or indirect interest in a matter which conflicts, or could conflict, with the interests of BT
		
	legislation	  	The Companies Act, the Regulations and all other laws and regulations applying to BT 
		
	London Stock Exchange	  	London Stock Exchange plc or the principal stock exchange in the United Kingdom 
		
	month	  	Calendar month
		
	officer	  	Includes a director, manager and company secretary but does not include an Auditor 
		
	ordinary business	  	All the following business (if it takes place at an Annual General Meeting):
		
		  	 •  declaring and approving dividends;

		
		  	 •  considering the accounts, reports of the Board and Auditor
and any other documents which the legislation requires to be attached to them;

		
		  	 •  electing directors in place of those retiring for any reason;
and

		
		  	 •  appointing the Auditor (when special notice of the resolution
for the appointment is not required by the legislation) and deciding either the remuneration that the Auditor will be paid or the way in which this remuneration will be decided

		
	Ordinary Shareholders	  	 Holders of Ordinary Shares 

		
	Ordinary Shares	  	 BT’s ordinary shares of 5p each

		
	paid-up (share or other security)	  	 Includes a share or other security which is treated (credited) as paid-up

		
	pay	  	 Includes any kind of reward or payment for services

		
	person or people	  	 Includes companies and unincorporated associations 

		
	proxy form	  	 Includes any document (including in an electronic form) which appoints a proxy


		
	recognised clearing house	  	 A clearing house recognised under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000

		
	 recognised investment exchange
	  	 An investment exchange recognised under the Financial Services and Markets Act
2000

		
	Register	  	 BT’s register of shareholders 

		
	Registered Office	  	 BT’s registered office

		
	Regulations	  	 The Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001

		
	rights (of a share)	  	 The rights attached to the share when it is issued, or afterwards

		
	Seal	  	 BT’s common seal or Securities Seal















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	Secretary	  	A person appointed by the Board to do work as the company secretary, including an assistant (who does not need to be appointed by the Board under Article 114), deputy or temporary company secretary. Where two
or more people are appointed to act jointly, it includes any one of them
		
	Securities Seal	  	 An official seal kept by BT under section 50 of the Companies Act

		
	shareholders	  	 Holders of BT’s shares

		
	shareholders’ meeting	  	 A General Meeting of BT or a meeting of a class of holders of BT’s
shares

		
	special business	  	 All business at General Meetings except for ordinary business 

		
	UK Listing Authority	  	The Financial Services Authority acting in its capacity as the competent authority for the purposes of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000
		
	United Kingdom	  	 Great Britain and Northern Ireland

		
	 written or in writing 
	  	In writing or any way of representing or copying words legibly so that they are permanent (including anything in electronic form) or partly one form and partly another
		
	 year
	  	Calendar year

  

	128.2.	 The singular includes the plural, and the other way around. 



 

	128.3.	 When an Act is referred to, this includes an amendment to the Act (before or after the adoption
of these Articles) as well as its inclusion in a later Act. This principle of interpretation also applies to other kinds of legislation, and to any section, paragraph or similar in any legislation. 



 

	128.4.	 A word which is defined in the legislation means the same in the Articles, unless the Articles
define it differently, or the way in which the word is used is inconsistent with the definition in the legislation. 


  

	128.5.	 Where the legislation or the Articles say that something can be done by passing an ordinary
resolution, this can also be done by passing a special resolution. 


  

	128.6.	 A person who is automatically entitled to a share by law includes a person who is entitled
to the share as a result of the death or bankruptcy of a shareholder. 


  

	128.7.	 Where the Articles refer to certificated shares, this means that ownership of the shares can be
transferred using a written transfer document (rather than in accordance with the Regulations) and that a share certificate is usually issued to the owner. 



 

	128.8.	 Where the Articles refer to clear days the number of days does not include the two days between
which the interval is measured. For example, if notice is required to be given a number of clear days before a meeting, neither the date notice is delivered, or treated as being delivered, nor the date of the meeting is taken into account.



  

	128.9.	 A debenture includes debenture stock and a debenture holder includes a debenture
stockholder. 


  

	128.10.	 Where the Articles refer to a document being made effective this means being signed, sealed or
executed in some other legally valid way. 


  

	128.11.	 Where the Articles refer to a show of hands, a shareholder may vote in person at a meeting
(including by electronic means or any other method which the Board approves). 














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 Where the Articles
refer to uncertificated shares, this means that ownership of the shares can be transferred in accordance with the Regulations without using a written transfer document and that no share certificate is issued to the owner. 

Explanation of Terms 
 The aim of this explanation of
terms is to help readers understand BT’s Articles. It explains words used in the Articles – the words might mean different things in other documents. This explanation of terms is not legally part of the Articles and it
does not affect their meaning. The explanations are intended to be a general guide – they are not precise. Words which are printed in italics have their own heading in the explanation. The Secretary welcomes any suggestions for extra
words to include, or improvements. Shareholders can write to the Secretary at BT Centre, 81 Newgate Street, London EC1A 7AJ.  

accounting reference date 
 This is the date on which
BT’s financial year ends, which is 31 March. 
 Act 

An Act of Parliament, including the Companies Act, any statute, statutory instrument, order, rule, regulation or directive. 

address 
 This includes any number or address (including
in the case of a proxy appointment, an identification number of a participant in the relevant system) used for the purposes of sending or receiving notices, documents or information by electronic means and/or by means of a
website.  
 adjourn 
 Where a meeting has a
break, to be continued at a later time or day, at the same or a different place.  
 allot 

When new shares are set aside for the person they are intended for, they are allotted. This will normally be after the person has agreed
to pay for new shares, or has become entitled to new shares for any other reason. As soon as a share is allotted, that person gets the right to have their name put on the register of shareholders. When the person
has been registered, the share has also been issued.  
 asset 

Anything which is of any value to its owner.  

attorney 
 An attorney is a person who has
been appointed to act for another person. The attorney is appointed by a formal document, called a power of attorney.  

automatically entitled to a share by law 
 In some
situations, a person will be entitled to have shares which are registered in somebody else’s name registered in their own name. Or the person can require the shares to be transferred to another person. When a shareholder
dies, or the sole survivor of joint shareholders dies, their personal representatives have this right. If a shareholder is made bankrupt, their trustee in bankruptcy has the right.  












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 beneficial interest or
beneficial ownership 
 The person to whom something really belongs has the beneficial interest in it. 

This person may not be the registered (or legal) owner of the thing. For example, if a parent holds shares for their child, the child is the
beneficial owner, and the parent is the legal owner. See also trustees.  
 bond 

A promise to pay issued by a borrower to a lender.  

brokerage 
 Commission which is paid to a broker by a
company issuing shares, where the broker’s clients have applied for shares.  
 capitalise 

To convert some or all of the reserves of a company into capital (such as shares).  

capital redemption reserve 
 A reserve of funds
which a company may have to set up to maintain its capital base when shares are redeemed or bought back. 
 company representative 

If a company owns shares, it can appoint a company representative to attend a shareholders’ meeting to act as its representative.
BT’s Articles permit a company to appoint several people as its representatives.  
 consolidate 

When shares are consolidated, they are combined with other shares. For example, every three £1 shares might be consolidated into one new £3 share.

 debenture 
 A typical debenture is a type of
long-term borrowing by a company. The loan usually has to be repaid at a fixed date in the future, and carries a fixed rate of interest.  

declare 
 Generally, when a dividend is declared,
it becomes due to be paid.  
 divide 
 When
shares are divided they are split into shares which have a smaller face value. For example, a £1 share might be divided into two 50p shares.  

electronic means 
 Any notice, document or information
sent or supplied by means of a system where it is in electronic form (such as by email, text message, telephone recording or fax). This is defined in more detail in the Companies Act. 












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 equity securities 

In section 560 of the Companies Act, this means: 
  

	 	•	 	 ordinary shares of a company except shares which only have a limited right to share in the
company’s income or assets, for example, preference shares; or 


  

	 	•	 	 securities which can be converted into ordinary shares, or which allow their holder to subscribe
for ordinary shares. 


 ex-dividend 

Once a share has gone ex-dividend, a person who buys the share in the market will not be entitled to the
dividend which has been declared shortly before it was bought. The seller remains entitled to this dividend, even though it will be paid after they have sold their share.  

executed 
 A document is executed when it is signed, or
sealed or made valid in some other way.  
 exercise 

When a power is exercised, it is put to use.  

face value 
 The face value of one
Ordinary Share is 5p. This value is shown on the share certificate for a share, if there is one. When BT issues new shares this can be for a price which is at a premium to the face value. When shares are
bought and sold on the stock market this can be different from the face value. The face value is sometimes also called the nominal value or par value.  

holding company 
 A company which controls another
company (for example, by owning a majority of its shares) is called the holding company of that other company. The other company is the subsidiary of the holding company. 

indemnity 
 If a person gives another person
an indemnity, they promise to make good any losses or damage which the other might suffer in particular circumstances. The person who gives the indemnity is said to indemnify the other person.  

in issue 
 See issue.  

instrument 
 A formal legal document.  

issue 
 When a share has been issued, everything has been
done to make the shareholder the owner of the share. In particular, the shareholder’s name has been put on the register of shareholders. Existing shares which have been issued are in issue.  

liability 
 A debt or other financial obligation. 












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 negotiable instrument

 A document such as a cheque, which can be freely transferred from one person to another.  

nominal value or par value 
 See face value.
 
 operator 
 CRESTCo Limited or any other
operator of a relevant system under the Regulations.  
 ordinary resolution 

A decision reached by a simple majority of votes – that is by more than 50 per cent of the votes cast.  

personal representative 
 A person who is entitled
to deal with the property (the estate) of a person who has died. If the person who has died left a valid will, the will appoints executors who are person representatives. If the person died without a will, the courts will appoint one or more
administrators to be the personal representatives. 
 poll 

A poll vote is usually a card vote but could be an electronic vote, for example, where people present at a meeting press a keypad. On a poll
vote, the number of votes which a shareholder has will depend on the number of shares they own. An Ordinary Shareholder has one vote for each share they own. A poll vote is different to a show of hands vote, where
each shareholder, proxy or company representative who is entitled to vote has just one vote, however many shares they own or represent.  

power of attorney 
 A formal document which legally
appoints one or more people to act on behalf of another person. 
 premium 

If BT issues a new share for more than its face value (for example, because the market value is more than the face
value), the amount above the face value is the premium. 
 proxy 

A proxy is a person who is appointed by a shareholder to attend a meeting and vote for that shareholder. A proxy is appointed by
using a proxy form or in any other way the Board decide. A proxy does not have to be a shareholder. A proxy can vote on a poll and on a show of hands under BT’s Articles. A proxy
can speak at a General Meeting. 
 proxy form 

A form which a shareholder uses to appoint a proxy to attend a meeting and vote for them. BT’s Articles permit this form to be sent
by electronic means or a shareholder to appoint a proxy by telephone. The proxy form or appointment must be received by BT at least 48 hours before the meeting to which it relates. 












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 quorum 

The minimum number of shareholders or directors who must be present before a meeting can begin. When this number is reached, the meeting is said to be
quorate. 
 rank or ranking 
 When either capital or
income is distributed to shareholders, it is paid out according to the rank (or ranking) of the shares. For example, a share which ranks before another share in sharing in BT’s income is entitled to have its
dividends paid first, before any dividends are paid on shares which rank after it. If there is not enough income to pay dividends on all shares, the available income must be used first to pay dividends on shares which rank first, then
on shares which rank next. The same applies for repayments of capital. Capital must be paid first on shares which rank first in sharing in BT’s capital, then on shares which rank next.  

recognised clearing house 
 A clearing house which has
been authorised to carry on business by the UK authorities. A clearing house is a central computer system for settling transactions between members of the clearing house. 

recognised investment exchange 
 An investment exchange
which has been officially recognised by the UK authorities. An investment exchange is a place where investments, such as shares, are traded. The London Stock Exchange is a recognised investment exchange. 

redeem and redemption 
 When a share is redeemed,
it goes back to BT in return for a sum of money (the redemption price) which was fixed before the share was issued. This process is called redemption. A share which can be redeemed is called a redeemable
share. 
 relevant system 
 This is a term used in
the legislation for a computer-based system which allows shares without share certificates to be transferred without using transfer forms. The CREST system for paperless share dealing is a relevant system. 

renunciation 
 Where a share has been allotted, but
nobody has been entered on the share register for the share, it can be renounced in favour of another person. This transfers the right to have the share registered to another person. This process is called renunciation. 

 remainder 
 The interest in property that is left
after another interest in the property ends, such as full title after a life estate (the right to use the property until death). A remainder is different from a reversion which gives title back to the grantor of the property or to the
grantor’s descendants.  
 reserve fund or reserve 

A fund which has been set aside in a company’s accounts – profits which are not paid out to shareholders as dividends, or used up in
some other way, are held in a reserve fund by the company. 












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 reversion 

The return to the grantor or their heirs of property after all interests in the property given to others have terminated.  

rights issue 
 A way in which companies raise extra
share capital. Usually the existing shareholders will be offered the chance to buy a certain number of new shares, depending on how many they already have. For example, shareholders can be offered the chance to buy one new share from
the company for every four they already have. 
 securities 

Financial instruments such as shares, bonds, and debentures.  

share premium account 
 If a new share is issued by
BT for more than its face value (because the market value is more than the face value) then the amount above the face value is the premium, and the total of these premiums is held in a
reserve fund (which cannot be used to pay dividends) called the share premium account.  
 show of hands 

A shareholder, proxy or company representative raises their hand to vote at a meeting. Each shareholder, proxy or company
representative who is entitled to vote has just one vote, no matter how many shares they hold or represent.  
 special notice 

If special notice of a resolution is required by the legislation, the resolution is not valid unless BT has been told about the intention
to propose it at least 28 days before the meeting at which it is proposed.  
 special resolution 

A decision reached by a majority of at least 75 per cent of votes cast. Shareholders must be given at least 14 days’ notice of a proposal to
consider a special resolution.  
 special rights 

These are the rights of a particular class of shares, as distinct from rights which apply to all shares generally. Examples of special rights
are rights to income or assets and voting rights.  
 subject to 

Means that something else has priority, or prevails, or must be taken into account. When a statement is subject to another statement, this means that
the first statement must be read with the other statement, which will prevail if there is a conflict. 
 subscription or subscribe for shares 

To agree to take new shares in a company (usually for a cash payment).  

subsidiary 
 A company which is controlled by
another company (for example, because the other company owns a majority of its shares) is called a subsidiary of that company. This is defined in more detail in the Companies Act. 












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 subsidiary undertaking

 This is also a term used in the Companies Act. It has a wider definition than subsidiary. Generally speaking it is a company
which is controlled by another company because the other company: 
  

	 	•	 	 has a majority of the votes in the company, either alone or acting with others; 



 

	 	•	 	 is a shareholder who can appoint or remove a majority of the directors; or 



 

	 	•	 	 can exercise dominant influence over the company because of anything in the company’s
articles or because of a certain kind of contract.  


 takeover offer 

An offer to acquire all the shares, or all the shares of any class, in a company (except shares already held by the person making the offer). The
terms of the offer must be the same for all the shares to which the offer relates. This is defined in more detail in the Companies Act.  

tenant in common 
 Where two or more people hold
title to property in which each has an ‘undivided interest’ and an equal right to use the property, even if the percentages of interests are not equal. If one of the tenants in common dies, the remaining tenant(s) do not automatically
become entitled to the property. Each interest can be separately sold, mortgaged or willed to another.  
 treasury shares 

Shares which are held by a company as treasury shares in accordance with sections 724 to 726 of the Companies Act.  

trustee 
 A person who holds property of any kind
for the benefit of one or more other people under a kind of arrangement which the law treats as a trust. The people whose property is held by the trustee are called the beneficial owners.  

uncertificated proxy instruction 
 A properly
authenticated instruction sent by means of a relevant system, in line with the rules of the relevant system, to a person acting on BT’s behalf, on terms decided by the Board. 

underwrite or underwriter 
 A person who agrees to
buy new shares if they are not bought by other people underwrites the share offer.  
 unincorporated associations 

Associations, partnerships, societies and other bodies which the law does not treat as legal persons separate from their members. 

warrant or dividend warrant 
 Similar to a cheque for a
dividend.  
 wind up 
 The formal process to put
an end to a company. When a company is wound up its assets are distributed. The assets go first to creditors who have supplied property and services and then to shareholders. Shares which rank first in
sharing in BT’s assets will receive any funds which are left over before any shares which rank after them. 












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 Index

  

					
	Subject	  	 	Article	 
		
	Accounts	  	 	124-126	 
		
	Appointment and Removal of Directors	  	 	30-34	 
		
	Directors can act if there are vacancies	  	 	34	 
		
	Electing two or more directors	  	 	33	 
		
	Filling vacancies and appointing or electing directors	  	 	31	 
		
	People who can be directors	  	 	30	 
		
	Removing and electing directors by ordinary resolution	  	 	32	 
		
	Auditor	  	 	112-113	 
		
	Attending General Meetings	  	 	112	 
		
	Validity of Auditor’s actions	  	 	113	 
		
	Board Committees	  	 	52-53	 
		
	Board Meetings	  	 	43-51	 
		
	Chairman of	  	 	45	 
		
	Minutes of meetings	  	 	49	 
		
	Notice of	  	 	44	 
		
	Quorum	  	 	46	 
		
	Validity of Board’s actions	  	 	50	 
		
	Video conference and telephone meetings	  	 	48	 
		
	Voting at	  	 	47	 
		
	Written Resolutions	  	 	51	 
		
	Borrowing Powers (of Directors)	  	 	68-69	 
		
	Changing Share Capital	  	 	76-79	 
		
	Buying back shares	  	 	79	 
		
	Fractions of shares	  	 	78	 
		
	Power to change capital	  	 	77	 
		
	Power to reduce capital	  	 	76	 
		
	Communications with shareholders	  	 	103-111	 
		
	Company Representatives	  	 	27	 
		
	Directors	  	 	28-69	 













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	Appointment and Removal	  	 	30-34	 
		
	Borrowing powers and restrictions	  	 	68-69	 
		
	Disqualification	  	 	38	 
		
	Expenses	  	 	40	 
		
	Interests	  	 	54-58	 
		
	Management powers	  	 	59-67	 
		
	Number of directors	  	 	28	 
		
	Pensions	  	 	42	 
		
	Remuneration	  	 	39-42	 
		
	Rotation	  	 	35-37	 
		
	as Shareholders (directors need not be)	  	 	29	 
		
	Dividends	  	 	93-102	 
		
	Deducting amounts owing from dividends and other money	  	 	98	 
		
	Distributions in kind	  	 	95	 
		
	Final Dividends	  	 	93	 
		
	Fixed and interim dividends	  	 	94	 
		
	No dividends are payable except out of profits	  	 	96	 
		
	Payments to shareholders	  	 	97	 
		
	Record dates	  	 	101	 
		
	Scrip dividends	  	 	102	 
		
	Unclaimed dividends and other money	  	 	99	 
		
	Waiver of dividends	  	 	100	 
		
	Documents	  	 	116-117	 
		
	General Meetings	  	 	2-3	 
		
	Adjourning meetings	  	 	10	 
		
	Amending resolutions	  	 	11	 
		
	Annual	  	 	2	 
		
	Chairman of meetings	  	 	6	 
		
	General meetings	  	 	3	 
		
	Meeting in different places	  	 	8	 













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	Notices	  	 	4-5	 
		
	Proceedings at	  	 	6-11	 
		
	Polls	  	 	13-15	 
		
	Quorum	  	 	9	 
		
	Security and other arrangements	  	 	7	 
		
	Voting at	  	 	12-16	 
		
	Indemnity, Insurance and Defence expenditure	  	 	118-120	 
		
	Interpretation	  	 	128	 
		
	Liability	  	 	70	 
		
	Management powers (of directors)	  	 	59-67	 
		
	Appointing directors to executive positions	  	 	60	 
		
	Delegation of powers	  	 	61	 
		
	Management powers	  	 	59	 
		
	Overseas branch registers	  	 	65	 
		
	Positions with titles including the word “director”	  	 	64	 
		
	Power to appoint agents	  	 	63	 
		
	Power to establish local boards and agencies	  	 	62	 
		
	Power to provide for the benefit of employees and former employees	  	 	67	 
		
	Signatures on cheques etc.	  	 	66	 
		
	Meetings (see General Meetings)	  			
		
	Notice of General Meetings	  	 	4	 
		
	Moving or postponing at short notice	  	 	5	 
		
	People automatically entitled to shares by law	  	 	87-91	 
		
	Proceedings at General Meetings	  	 	6-11	 
		
	Proxies	  	 	22-26	 
		
	Quorums:	  			
		
	for General Meetings	  	 	9	 
		
	for Board Meetings	  	 	46	 
		
	Record dates	  	 	101	 
		
	Removal of Directors	  	 	32	 













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	Reserves	  	 	121-123	 
		
	Assets treated as revenue	  	 	123	 
		
	Changing reserves into capital	  	 	122	 
		
	Setting up reserves	  	 	121	 
		
	Remuneration of Directors	  	 	39-42	 
		
	Directors’ expenses	  	 	40	 
		
	Directors’ fees	  	 	39	 
		
	Extra fees	  	 	41	 
		
	Pensions and other benefits	  	 	42	 
		
	Representatives (see Company Representatives)	  			
		
	Retirement of Directors	  	 	35-37	 
		
	When a director retires	  	 	37	 
		
	Seals	  	 	115	 
		
	Secretary	  	 	114	 
		
	Scrip Dividends	  	 	102	 
		
	Shares	  	 	71-75	 
		
	Board’s authority to allot shares and	  	 	71	 
		
	“equity securities” and to sell treasury shares	  			
		
	Buying back shares	  	 	79	 
		
	Changing share capital	  	 	76-79	 
		
	No trusts or similar interests recognised	  	 	75	 
		
	Power to pay commission and brokerage	  	 	74	 
		
	Renunciations of allotted but unissued shares	  	 	73	 
		
	Uncertificated shares	  	 	72	 
		
	Share Certificates	  	 	83-84	 
		
	Share Rights	  	 	80-82	 
		
	Shareholders’ Voting Rights	  	 	17-21	 
		
	Shareholders who cannot be traced	  	 	92	 
		
	Signature or authentication of documents	  	 	104	 
		
	Transferring Shares	  	 	85-86	 
		
	Voting at General Meetings	  	 	12-16	 













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	Effect of declaration by Chairman	  	 	16	 
		
	How votes are taken	  	 	12	 
		
	Polls	  	 	13-15	 
		
	Winding up	  	 	127	 













 BT Group plc Articles of Association 2020 

 
  
  

 
 



 
  
 BT Group plc 

Registered Office: 81 Newgate Street, London EC1A 7AJ 

Registered in England No: 4190816