San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dece mber 20 , 2012

Chapter 10 : Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

# Chapter 10

Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan

SJVUAPCDSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dece mber 20 , 2012

Chapter 10 : Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

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.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dece mber 20 , 2012



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- 1 Chapter 10 : Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

## Chapter 10 : Summary of Attainment Strategy

This 2012 PM2.5 Plan presents s ound science and extensive analysis to determine which strategies would help the Valley to expeditiously attain EPA’s 2006 PM2.5

standard. This 2012 PM2.5 Plan also presents the District’s comprehensive evaluation of opportunities to reduce emissions of P M2.5 and its precursors in the Valley. This chapter summarizes the District’s resulting multi

- faceted control strategy , which will generate continuous air q uality improvements Valley

- wide and attainment of EPA’s

2006 PM2.5 standard in all areas of the Val ley in 2019.

Public health has been the number one priority throughout this effort. Toward that end,

t his chapter also discusses the public health benefits that will be achieved through implementation of this plan’s attainment strategy.

10 .1 SUMMARY OF 2012 PM2.5 PLAN CONTROL STRATEGY

T he District ’s multi

- faceted control strategy includes traditional regulatory control measures as well as innovative incentive programs, technology demonstration projects, further study measures , outreach, p olicy initiatives and more. This plan’s strategy is presented in Chapters 5 through 8 and summarized in Table s 10

- 1 through 10

- 4

.

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2012 PM2.5 Plan 

### Table 10

- 1 District Regulat ions Contributing to Continued PM2.5 Improvement

Adopted District Regulatory Control Measure s Date Adopted/

Last Amended

Rule 4103 Open Burning 04/15/2010

Rule 4106 Prescribed Burning and Hazard Reduction Burning 1/21/2001

Rule 4204 Cotton Gins 2/17/2005

Rule 4307 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 2 to 5 MMBtu/hr 05/19/2011

Rule 4308 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 0.075 to <2 MMBtu/hr 12/17/2009

Rule 4309 Dryers, Dehydrators, and Ovens 12/15/2005

Rule 4311 Flares 06/18/2009

Rules 4306 & 4320 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters >5 MMBtu/hr 10/16/2008

Rule 4352 Solid Fuel Fired Boilers, Steam Generators and Process Heaters 12/15/2011

Rule 4354 Glass Melting Furnaces 05/19/2011

Rul e 4550 Conservation Management Practices 08/19/2004

Rule 4692 Commercial Charbroiling 09/17/2009

Rule 4702 Internal Combustion Engines 08/18/2011

Rule 4703 Stationary Gas Turbines 0 9 /20/2007

Rule 4901 Wood Burning Fireplaces and Wood Burning Heaters 10/16/2008

Rule 4902 Residential Water Heaters 03/19/2009

Rule 4905 Natural Gas

- Fired, Fan

- Type Residential Central Furnaces 10/20/2005

Regulation VIII Rules Fugitive PM10 Prohibitions 08/19/2004

Rule 9310 School Bus Fleets 09/21/2006

Rule 9410 Employer

- based Trip Reduction 12/17/2009

Rule 9510 Indirect Source Review 12/12/2005



### Table 10

- 2 ARB Regulat ions Contributing to Continued PM2.5 Improvement

Adopted ARB Regulations Date Adopted

Advanced Clean Car Program 1/27/2012

Expanded Off

- Road Recreational Vehicle Emission Standards 12/16/2011

Cleaner In

- Use Off

- Road Equipment 12/17/2010

Port Truck Modernization 12/17/2010

Cleaner In

- Use Heavy

- Duty Trucks 12/16/2010

Accelerated Introduction of Cleaner Line

- Haul Locomotives 06/24/2010

Enhanced Fleet Modernization Program (formerly called the Expanded Vehicle Retirement Program) 06/24/2010San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dece mber 20 , 2012



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2012 PM2.5 Plan Adopted ARB Regulations Date Adopted

Smog Check Improvements 08/31/2009

Portable Outboard Marine Tanks 09/25/2008

Clean Up Existing Harbor Craft 11/15/2007

Voluntary Accelerated Retirement Regulation 12/07/2006

Emergency Regulation for Portable Equipment Registration Program, Airborne Toxic Control Measures and Portable and Stationary diesel

- Fueled Engines 12/06/2006

Airbo rne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary Compression Ignition Engines (Agricultural Eng. Exemption removal) 11/16/2006

Distributed Generation Guidelines and Regulations 10/19/2006

Zero Emission Bus Regulation 10/19/2006

Heavy

- Duty In

- Use Compliance Regulation 09/28/2006

On

- Board Diagnostic II 09/28/2006

Off

- Highway Recreational Vehicles and Engines 07/20/2006

California Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule 06/22/2006

Portable Equipment Registration Program 06/22/2006

Fork Lifts and Other Industrial Equipment (Large Off

- Road Spark Ignition Engines > 1 liter) 05/26/2006

Technical Amendments to Evaporative Exhaust and Evaporative Emissions Test

Procedures 05/25/2006

Diesel Verification Procedure, Warranty & In

- Use 03/23/2006

AB1009 Heavy

- Duty Vehicle Smoke Inspection Program 01/26/2006

Diesel Particulate Matter Control Measure for On

- Road Heavy

- Duty Diesel

- Fueled Vehicles Owned or Operated by Public Agencies and Utilities 12/08/2005

Mobile Cargo Handling Equipment at Ports and Intermodal Rail Yards 12/08/2005

Marine Inboard Sterndrive Engines 11/17/2005

Requirements to Reduce Idling Emissions from New and In

- Use Trucks, Beginning in 2008 10/20/2005

2007

- 2009 Model

- Year Heavy Duty Urban Bus Engines and the Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies 09/15/2005

Portable Fuel Containers (PFC) [Part 1 of 2 ] 09/15/2005

Portable Fuel Containers (PFC) [Part 2 of 2] 09/15/2005

On

- Board Diagnostic System Requirements for 2010 and Subsequent Model

- Year Heavy

Duty Engines (HD OBD) 07/21/2005

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationar y Compression Ignition Engines amendments 05/26/2005

Transit Fleet Rule 02/24/2005

Off

- Road Compression Ignition Engines 12/09/2004

Emergency Regulation for Temporary Delay of Diesel Fuel Lubricity Standard 11/24/2004

Diesel Fuel Standards for Harbor Craft & Locomotives 11/18/2004

Greenhouse Gas 09/23/2004San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dece mber 20 , 2012



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2012 PM2.5 Plan Adopted ARB Regulations Date Adopted

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel Particulate from Diesel Fueled Commercial Vehicle Idling 07/22/2004

Urban Bus Engines/Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies 06/24/2004

Engine Manufacturer Diagnostic System Requirements for 2007 and Subsequent Model Heavy Duty Engines 05/20/2004

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine

- Chip Reflash 03/27/2004

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel

- Fueled Portable Engines 02/26/2004

Modifications to the Statewide Portable Equipment Registration Program (PERP) Regulations 02/26/2004

CA Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule 01/22/2004

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Di esel Particulate for Transport Refrigeration Units 12/11/2003

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary Compression Ignition Engines 12/11/2003

Diesel Retrofit Verification Procedure, Warranty and In

- Use Compliance Requirements

Amendments 12/11/2003

Small Off

- Road Engines (SORE) 09/25/2003

Solid Waste Collection Vehicles 09/24/2003

Off

- Highway Recreation Vehicles 07/24/2003

Specifications for Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel 07/24/2003

Zero Emission Vehicle Amendments for 2003 03/25/2003

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel Particulate from School Bus Idling 12/12/2002

Low Emission Vehicles II. Align Heavy Duty Gas Engine Standards with Federal Standards; minor administrative changes 12/12/2002

Revision to Transit Bus Regulations A mendments 10/24/2002

Diesel Retrofit Verification Procedure, Warranty and In

- Use Compliance Requirements 05/16/2002

On

- Board Diagnostic II Review Amendments 04/25/2002

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Outdoor Residential Waste Burning 02/21/2002

Voluntary Accelerated Light Duty Vehicle Retirement Regulations 02/21/2002

California Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule 12/13/2001

Distributed Generation Guidelines and Regulations 11/15/2001

Low Emission Vehicle Regulations 11/15/2001

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Standards for 2 007 and Later 10/25/2001

Marine Inboard Engines 7/26/2001

Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure and Standardization of Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment 06/28/2001

Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation Update 01/25/2001

Heavy Duty Diesel Engines "Not

- to

- Exceed (NTE)" Test Procedures 12/07/2000

Light

- and Medium Duty Low Emission Vehicle Alignment with Federal Standards. Exhaust Emission Standards for Heavy Duty Gas Engines 12/07/2000San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dece mber 20 , 2012



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2012 PM2.5 Plan Adopted ARB Regulations Date Adopted

Air Toxic Control Measure for Chlorin ated Toxic Air Contaminants from Automotive Maintenance and Repair Facilities 04/27/2000

Transit Bus Standards 02/24/2000

Off

- Road Compression Ignition Engines 01/27/2000



### Table 10

- 3 New District Regulatory Control Measures

New District Regulatory Control Measures Implementation

Date

Adopt new Rule 9610 (SIP

- Credi ta bility of Incentives) : This will provide the District with a mechanism to claim SIP credit for emissions reductions through certain incentive

programs. 2013

Amend Rule 4308 (Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 0.075 to <2 MMBtu/hr) 2015

Amend Rule 4905 (Natural Gas

- fired, Fan

- type Residential Central Furnaces) 2015

Amend Rule 4901 (Wood Burning Fireplaces and Wood Burning Heaters) to lower the burning curtailment level to prevent PM2.5 buildup that may lead to a potential exceedance day. 2016/ 2017

Amend Rule 4692 (Commercial Charbroiling) to reduce under

- fired charbroiler emissi ons. 2017



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2012 PM2.5 Plan 

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- 4 District Non

- Regulatory Control Measure Strategy Summary

Further Study Measures and Research Study Completion

Date

Rule 4103 (Open Burning): Evaluate the feasibility of postponed burning activities every 5 years, as outlined in current rule. 2015

Rule 4106 (Prescribed Burning): Examine feasibility of a biomass removal program. 2013

Rule 4311 (Flares): Review flare minimization plans and annual reports for further emissions reductions opportunities. 2013

Rule 4550 (Conservation Management Plans): Analyze existing studies and support new studies to establish a more accurate inventory of PM2. 5 emissions and identify potential additional emission reduction opportunities. 2014

Rule 4570 (Confined Animal Facilities): Analyze existing studies on ammonia at confined

animal facilities and evaluate potential ammonia controls for their effectiveness in reducing PM2.5 concentrations in the Valley. 2017

SC 001 (Lawn Care Equipment): Emissions inventory evaluation and technology

demonstration. 2013

SC 005 (Asphalt/Concrete Operations): Examine feasibility of warm mix asphalt. 2013

Ongoing Study and Research. Conduct and support going research that continues to enhance the District’s understanding of PM2.5 concentrations and formation, including

further health research in support of the District’s Risk

- Based Strategy. Ongoing

Potential New Incentive Measures Implementation

Date

Ongoing Enhancements. Continue to seek additional funding to implement incentive programs and continue to support existing incentive programs for mobile sources, as appropriate. Ongoing

Kern County Focused Incentives. The District will consider opportunities to target incentive reductions in Kern County to expedite attainment of the 24

- hour federal PM2.5

standard. Ongoing

Charbroilers. Develop new incentive program to assist in the deployment of new technologies upon their development and commercial availability. Ongoing

Internal Combustion Engines. Consider funding new programs to further promote replacement of agricultural internal combustion engines with electric motors, including but not limited to providing additional incentives for the high cost associated with utility line

extensions to remove irrigation pump installations. Ongoing

Lawn Care. Continue to evaluate commercial lawn care technologies through the Cordless

Zero

- Emission Commercial Lawn and Garden Equipment Demonstration Program; once new technologies are verified as viable for the Valley

, develop on

- going incentive programs to encourage use of these new technologies; consider expanding the Clean Green Yard Machine program to include other eligible types of yard care equipment, including low

- or

zero

- emission equipment. Ongoing

Energy Efficiency. Continue to foster and incentivize programs, as appropriate, consistent with the District Regional Energy Efficiency Strategy; including but not limited to continued support of the use of state Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Gr ant funds, the funding of pilot program s to assess and analyze sources to determine the potential to operate more efficiently, and funding outreach program showing government and service organizations the benefits of “going green”. Ongoing

Fireworks. Continue the incentive program for municipal laser

- light shows to replace fireworks displays and to seek partners and consider sponsoring shows combining a small amount of fireworks with an otherwise predominantly laser driven show. OngoingSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dece mber 20 , 2012



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2012 PM2.5 Plan Constructio n Equipment Replacement. Consider providing incentives for construction fleets to replace their heavy

- duty off

- road equipment sooner than required by the State’s

In

- Use Off

- Road Diesel Vehicle Regulation. Ongoing

Refuse Vehicle Replacement Program. Consider providing incentives for the replacement of older refuse trucks, with a particular emphasis in Environmental Justice

and other vulnerable communities. Ongoing

Technology Advancement Implementation

Date

Technology Advancement Program. Continue to seek additional funding and potential

feasible and low

- cost technologies that may provide for additional emission reduction opportunities in the Valley. Ongoing

Kern County Focused Demonstration. The District will consider opportunities to target technology demonstration efforts in Kern County to expedite attainment of the 24

- hour

federal PM2.5 standard. Ongoing

Conservation Management Practices. Commit to continue to look for opportunities to develop better CMPs through the current TAP and AgTech. Ongoing

Charbroiling. Continue to offer funding and s eek parties to participate in the District ChIP

program. Ongoing

Lawn Care. Continue the current Cordless Zero

- Emission Commercial Lawn and Garden Equipment Demonstration Program. Ongoing

Energy Efficiency. Continue to pursue technology advancement projects that may result in further emission reductions through energy efficiency. Ongoing

Legislative Strategy Implementation

Date

Legislative Platform. Continued support for the following : viability of biomass facilities as an alternative to open burning , cleaner burning alternative fuels, the removal of contradictory environmental protection policies, additional resources to manage wildfires,

and legislative measures to provide reliable water supplies to the Valley , and additional state and federal funding for incentive programs

. Ongoing

Fireworks. Take a policy stance opposing any expansion of fireworks use in the Valley, particularly if it occurs in winter months. Ongoing

Community Outreach /Assistance Implementation

Date

Public Outreach and Education. Continue existing public outreach and education efforts

and expand these efforts as opportunities become available. Ongoing

Compliance Assistance. The District currently provides a robust education and outreach program for regulated sources through the Small Business Assistance program, Permit Stakeholder Meetings, Compliance Assistance Bulletins, and public notices for public workshops and public he arings. The District will continue to work closely with affected sources to ensure successful compliance. Ongoing

Conservation Management Practices. Incorporate new information from research studies into education and outreach efforts as appropriate. Ongoing

Energy Efficiency. Continue existing education and outreach efforts for energy efficiency programs in the Valley and expand these efforts when appropriate. Ongoing

Fireworks. Continue current education and outreach efforts regarding safety hazards of fireworks. Partner with local fire and police departments for outreach efforts when appropriate, and consider sponsoring a technology demonstration of lasers at a pre

- July

4 th public event to showcase the laser technology and improve public acceptance of reducing use of fireworks in the Valley. OngoingSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dece mber 20 , 2012



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2012 PM2.5 Plan 

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. 2 Population in Attainment through Implementation of Strategy

Attaining EPA’s health

- based standards is an important milestone for improving public

health. Through the strategy outlined in this plan, the Valley as a whole, based on Kern County, will attain the federal 24

- hour PM2.5 standard in 2019 . However

, while ultimate attainment under the federal Clean Air Act is determined through a worst

- case approach that considers the last portion of the Valley that reaches attainment, it is important to also evaluate progress made towards attaining the standard throughout the Valley regions and population. As discussed in Appendix A, there are a variety of metrics for evaluating air quality progress. Even where areas have not yet attained the standard, there will be continuous air quality improvements.

To take a closer look at the Valley’s journey to attaining the federal standard, the District has projected air quality progress throughout the Valley as the 2012 PM2.5 Plan is implemented

. Using projected 2019 emissions and modeled design values; 2007 emissions and actual design values; and emissions inventory trends between 2007 and
2019, . As illustrated by Figure 10

- 1, the majority of the Valley will reach attainment

earlier than 2019 , with 53 % of the V alley’s population experiencing PM2.5

concentrations below the federal standard by 2014, and 9 4 % of the population by 2017

. Figure 10

- 2 further illustrates the significant progress made throughout the Valley in achieving PM2.5 concentrations below the sta ndard by mapping Valley monitoring sites,

and showing their expected attainment status and progress toward attainment in 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2019.

Figure 10

- 1 Valley Residents with PM2.5 Concentrations below the Federal 24

-

hour PM2.5 standard

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 

### 100%

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 % of Valley Residents in

Areas that have Reached

AttainmentSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dece mber 20 , 2012



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2012 PM2.5 Plan 

### Figure 10

- 2: Modeled PM2.5 Attainment Status by Monitoring SiteSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Dece mber 20 , 2012



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2012 PM2.5 Plan 

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. 3 HEALTH BENEFITS OF ATTAINMENT UNDER THE PLAN

Attaining the PM2.5 standard will improve public health by lowering the number of cases of certain diseases and other health impairments. The District used an EPA model ( BenMAP) to estimate the number of avoided cases of various health endpoints expected to result due to reduced PM2.5 exposure resulting from plan implementation and attainment in 2019 (as described in Chapter 2 (section 2.5) and Appendix E). The results of this analysis are summarized in Table 10

- 5 . Th rough the associated economic analysis, th e District estimates that plan implementation will achieve an

annual Val ley

- wide savings of $102 million in health costs starting in 2019 (not including the costs or social value of premature death). See Appendix E for more information.

Table 10

- 5 Health Benefits Achieved Through Implementation of th e Plan

Health Impact Health Benefit (reduction in health impact)

Premature Death 671 Acute Myocardial Infarction , Hospital Admissions 93

Asthma Age 0

- 19 , Hospital Admissions 131

Cardiovascular , Hospital Admissions 175

Asthma Age 20

- 99 , Hospital Admissions 246

Asthma Age 20

- 99 , Emergency Room Visits 407

Asthma Age 0

- 19 , Emergency Room Visits 699

Acute Bronchitis 1,498 Upper Respiratory Symptoms 15,523 Lower Respiratory Symptoms 19,011

Asthma Exacerbation 114,376 Work Loss Days 125,138