Providing Safe Drinking 

Water in America 

2007/2008 National Public Water Systems 

 Compliance Report 

2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance 

Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National 

Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 

2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance 

Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National 

Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 

2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance 

Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National 

Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 

2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance 

Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National 

Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 

2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public 

Water Systems Compliance Report 2007/2008 National Public Water Systems Compliance 
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A) 

Washington, DC 20460 

EPA DOCUMENT NUMBER 305R10001

June 3, 2010 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................ii 

INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1 

PART 1. SUMMARY OF COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT AT PUBLIC WATER 

SYSTEMS THROUGHOUT THE U.S., INCLUDING THOSE IN INDIAN COUNTRY .. 4 

PART 2. SUMMARY OF COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT AT PUBLIC WATER 

SYSTEMS IN INDIAN COUNTRY ......................................................................................... 10 

PART 3. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................. 14 

APPENDIX A 

Glossary of Terms 

APPENDIX B 

Summaries of State Annual Compliance Reports 

List of Tables 

Table A-1: Significant Monitoring Violations for Annual State Public Water System Reports 

Table A-2: Summary of Drinking Water Regulations for Public Water Systems During 2007/2008 

Table B-1: Summary of Elements Reported by States in 2007 

Table B-2: Summary of Elements Reported by States in 2008 

i 
Executive Summary 

EPA is directed by the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) to annually report on public water system 

performance in the United States. This National Public Water System Compliance Report (Report) for 

2007-2008 documents that, while the majority of the U.S. population has access to safe drinking water, 

many systems are in violation of drinking water standards. The lack of data completeness results in the 

possible underestimation of noncompliance; EPA and states need to work together to address this problem. 

EPA’s new system-wide policy for targeting and addressing public water systems with widespread 

violations and/or violations of health-based drinking water standards issued on December 8, 2009, is 

expected to be instrumental in improving compliance trends. 

In 2007 and 2008, there were approximately 155,000 public water systems in the U.S., serving over 300 

million users. Small systems comprise the vast majority of all systems. Noncompliance occurs more 

frequently at smaller systems, and is often the result of fewer resources to operate and maintain compliance 

with complex regulations. For this reason, EPA and other organizations provide significant resources to 

small water systems to build their capacity to properly finance, operate, and maintain their drinking water 

systems. EPA funds eight technology assistance centers, conducts on-site visits and maintains multiple, 

free online financial and technical websites. 

Overall Compliance is Improving

 In 2006, some EPA regions began working to return public water systems to compliance with all the rules 

they violate rather than addressing violations one rule at a time. EPA has tracked the number of public 

water systems (PWSs) in significant noncompliance – a category of noncompliance EPA has historically 

used to identify the most serious violations -- with at least one rule at the same point in time on annual 

bases. From a high of 12,596 systems in July 2006, the number of systems in the U.S. with at least one 

instance of significant noncompliance decreased to 8,438 systems in July 2008, a reduction of 33%. 

Compliance and Enforcement at PWSs in U.S., Including Indian Country 

The data submitted by primacy agencies indicate that 7% of all public water systems in the U.S., serving 

approximately 20,570,000 users, had violations of health-based standards in 2007 and 2008. 

In both 2007 and 2008, about 19% of all public water systems had significant monitoring and reporting 

violations (29,119 systems in 2008; 28,916 in 2007). This is of concern because if a system does not 

monitor and report on the quality of its water, it is impossible to know if there are health-based violations. 

The most frequently occurring violations in 2007 and 2008 were under the Total Coliform Rule, including 

exceedance of the maximum contaminant level (MCL) and violation of monitoring and reporting 

requirements. 

Compliance and Enforcement in Indian Country 

Ninety-four percent of tribal systems are small; that is, each serves 3,300 or fewer users. Small systems 

serve approximately 40% of tribal users. 

EPA regions reported that 16% of tribally owned and operated public water systems had health-based 

violations in 2007 and 2008 (134 and 131 systems, respectively). These systems served 178,700 users in 

2007 and 193,700 users in 2008. 

EPA regions reported that 42% of tribal systems had significant monitoring and reporting violations in 

2008 (41% in 2007). 

The most frequently occurring violation at tribal systems in 2007 and 2008 was monitoring and reporting 

under the Chemical Contaminant Group. 

Recommendations 

EPA has developed, in consultation with the states, an approach for enforcement targeting and response at 

all public water systems. In December 2009, EPA issued a new policy for prioritizing public water systems 

with violations and then addressing those with the greatest impact on public health. The new policy is 

ii 
expected to increase the effectiveness of state and Federal enforcement and improve compliance trends. 

The prioritization formula takes into account a system’s compliance with all drinking water rules at once 

rather than one at a time, as was historically done. The policy also establishes a time period within which 

formal enforcement will be initiated if assistance or informal enforcement do not quickly return a system to 

compliance with all rules. 

An important component of implementing this new policy is ensuring that compliance and enforcement 

data are entered accurately, completely, and in a timely manner by EPA, states and tribes with primacy. 

EPA is confident that these efforts will better target enforcement resources to systems that pose the greatest 

risk to public health, and will help improve the quality and quantity of data available to the public, and for 

monitoring and implementing SDWA. 

This new targeting and enforcement approach is expected to yield benefits for EPA, primacy agencies and 

the public. EPA expects that compliance rates and data quality will improve as the approach becomes well 

established. The approach will improve EPA’s ability to ensure primacy agencies’ performance in 

returning systems to compliance in a timely manner, including initiating formal enforcement when 

necessary. 

EPA recognizes that enforcement is not the only means to address compliance problems at public water 

systems, and devotes considerable resources to small system capacity development in the form of 

compliance, managerial, financial and technical assistance. 

iii 
2007/2008 National Public Water Systems 

Compliance Report
 

Introduction 

Purpose of Report 

The National Public Water Systems Compliance Report summarizes and evaluates annual reports 

submitted by primacy agencies1

 regarding compliance at public water systems of all types and sizes in the 

U.S. in calendar years 2007 and 2008. The information in this report is national in scope and does not 

provide information about specific water systems. Public water system operators are required to provide 

information about their specific water system compliance to the public in their annual Consumer 

Confidence Report (CCR). The CCR tells customers about the source of their water, any contaminants 

detected, the risks of exposure to those contaminants, and where they can obtain additional information. 

This report is compiled annually as required by Section 1414(c)(3)(B) of the Safe Drinking Water Act 

(SDWA). The report includes the following: 

 Part 1: Summary of compliance and enforcement data submitted by primacy agencies 

 Part 2: Summary of compliance, enforcement, and financial assistance at tribally owned and operated 

public water systems 

 Part 3: Conclusions and recommendations 

 Appendices: Evaluation of reports submitted by primacy agencies 

Scope of Report 

This report summarizes noncompliance at all public water systems of all types throughout the U.S. and in 

Indian country for the years 2007 and 2008. 

A public water system (PWS) is a system that provides water for human consumption, if such system has at 

least 15 service connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the year. EPA 

does not have the authority to regulate private drinking water wells that do not meet the above criteria. 

System size is determined by the size of the population served by the system: 

 Very small – serving 500 or fewer users 

 Small – serving 501 to 3,300 users 

 Medium – serving 3,301 to 10,000 users 

 Large – serving 10,001-100,000 users 

 Very large – serving more than 100,000 users 

Public water systems can also be categorized by type: 

 Community – A water system that serves the same population throughout the year. Eighty-three 

percent (83%) of these systems are small. 

		 Non-Transient/Non-Community - A public water system that regularly supplies water to at least 25 of 

the same people at least six months per year, but not year-round. Some examples are schools, 

factories, office buildings, and hospitals which have their own water systems. Ninety-nine percent 

(99%) of these systems are small. 

1

 Federal approval to implement the drinking water program is called primary enforcement authority, or 

“primacy.” The term “primacy agency” includes 57 states, commonwealths, and territories that have been 

approved to implement the drinking water program within their jurisdiction. It also includes the Navajo 

Nation. During calendar years 2007 and 2008, EPA directly implemented the drinking water program in 

Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and throughout all of Indian country other than the Navajo Nation. 

EPA is responsible for reporting violations in areas where the Agency directly implements the program. 

1 
 Transient/Non-Community - A public water system that provides water in a place such as a gas station 

or campground where people do not remain for a long period of time. One hundred percent (100%) of 

these systems are small. 

System size can be linked to a system’s ability to maintain or return to compliance. In general, larger 

public water systems have the capacity to maintain compliance more easily than small systems, and can 

return to compliance more quickly than small systems. This disparity is often the result of differences in 

financial, administrative, and technical capacity between large and small systems. Small systems have 

fewer users from whom to collect the funds to purchase and install needed infrastructure, and to operate 

and maintain the system. Because the per-user costs can appear prohibitive, small systems may charge
 

users rates that are lower than the true cost of collecting, treating and distributing the water. Lack of
 

funding may cause small systems to delay needed capital improvements. Small systems are often overseen 

by part-time administrators who are not environmental professionals, and the pay for the system operators 

may not be adequate to attract and keep someone with the necessary training and skills. If there are 

violations, small systems often do not have the cash reserves needed to correct the underlying problems, 

and they may find their ratepayers reluctant or unable to increase their payments. Because of the
 

relationship between system size and the ability to achieve and maintain compliance, the findings in this 

report are discussed in terms of system size. In addition, data on very small and small systems are grouped 

together for discussion purposes, as are data on large and very large systems. 

Significant violations are defined by the Safe Drinking Water Act to include:
 

 all violations of health-based standards, including exceedances of MCLs and violations of treatment
 

technique rules; 

 significant notification violations (i.e.,complete failure to provide required notification); and 

 significant monitoring and reporting violations (usually meaning a system took no sample or reported 

no results during a compliance period. See Table A-1). 

EPA guidance establishes a framework for prioritizing systems for formal enforcement in order to ensure 

that those with the most severe violations are addressed. For each drinking water rule, the most serious 

violations or combination of frequent or persistent violations are considered significant noncompliance 

(SNC). 

Source and Quality of Data 

The data summarized in this report is housed in the Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal 

Version (SDWIS/FED). Public water systems are required to sample and test their water and report the 

results to the agency with primacy for implementing SDWA—usually the state in which the system is 

located, or to EPA if the system is in Indian country. The primacy agency reviews the test results and other 

required reports and determines whether a violation has occurred. The primacy agency is required by 

SDWA to enter all violation and enforcement data into SDWIS; a finding of compliance is not required to 

be entered into SDWIS. 

EPA evaluates state programs’ data quality by conducting data verification audits and triennial national 

data quality assessments, comparing primacy agencies’ files and records with information in SDWIS/FED 

to verify accuracy, completeness and whether compliance determinations are made in accordance with 

Federal regulations. The most recent review, published in 2006, reported the following findings: 

 62% of the health-based violations were reported. 

 8% of lead and copper rule treatment technique violations were reported. 

 29% of the monitoring and reporting (M/R) violations were reported. 

While data completeness is clearly a serious issue, a detailed discussion of the data quality findings is 

beyond the scope of this document. The full report, 2006 Drinking Water Data Reliability Analysis and 

Action Plan is available online at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/databases/pdfs/report_data_datareliability_ 

2006.pdf 

Based on the incompleteness of the violation data reported by states, EPA recognizes the findings in this 

report underestimate the actual level of noncompliance at PWSs in 2007 and 2008. EPA continues to work 

2 
with its state partners to identify and resolve problems that may have produced data discrepancies in the 

past and to ensure that complete and accurate documentation is available to help assess the safety of the 

nations’ drinking water. 

3 
Part 1. Summary of Compliance and Enforcement at PWSs 

throughout the U.S., Including Tribally Owned and Operated 

PWSs 

Inventory of Public Water Systems by Size 

The number of systems operating in 2007 and 2008 varied slightly from 155,559 to 154,622, respectively. 

The proportion of small systems to the total number of systems remained the same, at 94% in both years. 

Distribution of U.S. PWSs by Size 

2008 Total Number of Systems = 154,622 

2007 Total Number of Systems = 155,559 

94% 

3% 3% 

Large Systems 

Medium Systems 

Small Systems 

Small systems comprise the vast majority of all systems, but they serve just 13% of all users. Small 

systems include those serving communities with populations of 3,300 or fewer, as well as some noncommunity systems serving offices, hospitals, gas stations and parks. Large systems serve communities 

with populations of 10,000 or greater. These make up 3% of all systems but serve 78% of all users. 

Because 3% of systems are medium-sized and because they serve just 10% of users, they are not discussed 

separately in this report. Data on medium-sized systems are included in the discussion of large systems. 

Systems with Significant Violations of Any Type 

In 2008, 73% (112,454) of public water systems in the U.S., serving approximately 76% of the population, 

had no significant violation of any type (72% or 111,733 in 2007, serving approximately 77% of the 

population), as reported by primacy agencies. Please note that all references to populations served 

throughout this report are approximate, because most consumers receive drinking water from more than 

one system, i.e., at home, at work, at parks or commercial establishments, etc. Therefore, adding the 

number of users of all system types results in a number greater than the entire U.S. population. 

The types of violations that were reported by the remaining 27% of systems are shown below. 

Number of Systems with Significant Violations 

Total Number of Systems 2008 = 154,622
 

Total Number of Systems 2007 = 155,559 

Number of Systems 

30,000 

25,000 

20,000 

15,000 

10,000 

5,000 

0 

10,771 

28,916 

5,600

8,848 

4,707

9,765 

29,119 

10,793 

Health-based Monitoring and Consumer Public Notification 2007 reporting Confidence Report
 

Type of Significant Violation Reported
 2008 

4 
Systems with Violations of Variances or Exemptions 

Under Federal law, states and EPA can grant variances or exemptions to public water systems in limited 

circumstances allowing them to install alternative technology or giving them more time to meet a standard 

if public health is adequately protected in the interim. No violations of variances or exemptions were 

reported by the primacy agencies during 2007 or 2008. 

Systems with Health-Based Violations 

Health-based standards regulate contaminants that negatively impact human health even with limited 

exposure. Health-based standards include Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and Treatment 

Techniques (TTs). An MCL is the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. A TT is 

a required treatment process (such as filtration or disinfection) intended to prevent the occurrence of or 

deactivate a contaminant in drinking water. TTs are adopted where it is not economically or 

technologically feasible to monitor the level of a contaminant, such as microbes, where even single 

organisms that occur unpredictably or episodically can cause adverse health effects. 

It is important to note that when a public water system violates a health-based standard, the consumers of 

that system may be at an increased risk of illness depending upon several factors including the type and 

concentration of the contaminant, and the duration and the magnitude of the exceedance. Systems that 

exceed MCLs are required to notify their consumers about the possibility of these increased health risks. 

EPA tracks violations of the health-based standards in five categories: 

		 Chemical Contaminants – This category includes rules for organic, inorganic (except for lead and 

copper), and radioactive contaminants. Compliance with many organic and inorganic standards is 

determined on the basis of shared samples, with one missed sample resulting in a monitoring and 

reporting violation of many standards. 

		 Total Coliform Rule (TCR) -- Coliform bacteria are usually not a threat to humans, but their presence 

in drinking water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, more dangerous 

microbes. 

		 Microbial Contaminants – These contaminants are addressed by the long term interim enhanced 

surface water treatment rule (LTIESWTR), surface water treatment rule (SWTR), interim enhanced 

surface water rule (IESWTR), and filter backwash recycling rule. 

 Lead and Copper Rule (LCR). 

 Disinfection By-Product Rule (DBPR). 

Based on data reported by primacy agencies, 93% of systems (144,788 in 2007; 143,829 in 2008) had no 

violations of health-based standards. Conversely, 7% of systems had health-based violations. These 

systems served aproximately 23.3 million users in 2007 and 20.6 million users in 2008. 

Systems with Monitoring and Reporting Violations 

If a system does not monitor the quality of its water, it is impossible for primacy agencies to know whether 

the system has violated a health-based requirement. For this reason, a system’s failure to monitor and 

report is a significant violation that must be addressed and corrected. 

In both 2007 and 2008, about 19% of all public water systems had significant monitoring and reporting 

violations (29,119 systems in 2008; 28,916 in 2007). Over half of these systems had at least one violation 

of monitoring and reporting requirements of the Total Coliform Rule. 

Significant Violations Reported Most Frequently 

In 2008, primacy agencies reported 18,747 health-based violations (18,846 in 2007) . In 2008, 48% of 

reported health-based violations were for the total coliform rule (TCR), making it the most frequently 

5 
reported health-based violation in 2008. Total coliform violations were also the most frequently reported 

health-based violation in 2007, at 50% of the total health-based violations. 

In 2008, primacy agencies reported 125,961 significant monitoring and reporting violations. Monitoring 

and reporting violations for the chemical contaminant group were the most frequent monitoring and 

reporting violations in both 2007and 2008, at 57% and 68%, respectively. 

Percentage of Significant Violations by Rule 2008 

Total Number Significant Violations = 42,168 

24% 

48% 

3% 6% 

19% 

57% 

27% 

11% 

1% 4% 

0% 

20% 

40% 

60% 

80% 

100% 

Chemical 

Contaminants 

TCR LCR SWTR DBPR 

Percentage of All Violations 

Health-Based Violations Significant Monitoring and Reporting Violations 

Percentage of Significant Violations by Rule 2007 

Total Number Significant Violations = 43,826 

50% 

2% 6% 11% 

68% 

17% 

6% 0% 

9% 

31% 

0% 

20% 

40% 

60% 

80% 

100% 

Chemical 

Contaminants 

TCR LCR SWTR DBPR 

Percentage of All Violations 

Health-Based Violations Significant Monitoring and Reporting Violations 

As context for the total number of violations occuring in a year, it is important to note that public water 

systems are subject to numerous rules and standards, depending on their size, type, and source of water. A 

large system may be required to sample as many as 480 times in one month under one rule, with the 

potential for 5760 health-based violations in a year for that rule at that one system. A small system may be 

required to sample just once a month under the same rule. Similarly, failure to take one required sample 

that is used to test for multiple contaminants results in separate monitoring and reporting violations for each 

contaminant. 

State and EPA Response to Violations 

Assistance 

Primacy states and EPA engage in a variety of compliance, administrative, financial and technical 

assistance activities to help public water systems remain in and return to compliance. Examples include: 

 Conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys at public water systems (i.e., an on-site review of the 

water sources, facilities, equipment, operations, and maintenance to evaluate their adequacy in 

producing and distributing safe drinking water); 

 Helping systems invest in preventive measures; 

 Providing financial assistance for system improvements through the Drinking Water State Revolving 

6 
Fund and other state funding programs; 

 Reviewing water system plans and specifications; 

 Conducting training sessions; 

 Holding public information meetings; 

 Lending specialized monitoring equipment; and 

 Publishing information about training events and other educational opportunities. 

Enforcement 

When a drinking water violation is identified and compliance assistance does not return the violating 

system to compliance, EPA program implementation guidelines require the state to initiate an enforcement 

response as a condition of receiving EPA funding. Acceptable enforcement responses are defined in part 

by the Safe Drinking Water Act and in part by EPA guidance. They include a variety of escalating 

informal and formal actions as the state or EPA attempts to return a violating public water system to 

compliance as quickly as possible. 

Generally, the primacy agency’s first responses to violations are informal actions such as reminder letters, 

warning letters, notices of violation, field visits, and telephone calls. In 2008, primacy agencies initiated 

124,752 informal actions (109,076 in 2007). 

If a violation continues or recurs, the primacy agency must initiate a formal enforcement response that 

requires the violating public water system to return to compliance under an enforceable timetable. Formal 

enforcement responses include citations, administrative orders with or without penalties, civil referrals to 

state attorneys general or to the Department of Justice, filing criminal charges, and other sanctions. 

If there is risk to public health, EPA and the state can issue emergency orders that require the public water 

system to immediately take action to protect public health and return the system to compliance. 

Prioritization of Systems for Formal Enforcement 

EPA guidance establishes a framework for prioritizing systems for formal enforcement to ensure that those 

with the most severe violations are addressed quickly. Most drinking water rules contain a specific 

definition of significant noncompliance (SNC) specific to that rule, i.e., the violations or combination of 

frequent or persistent violations that are considered the most serious. A system may be in significant 

noncompliance with more than one rule at the same time. Once a system is determined to be in significant 

noncompliance, the primacy agency or EPA must take formal enforcement action within six months. 

		 As indicated earlier in this report, data reported by primacy agencies indicated that 27% of systems had 

significant violations in 2008 (27% in 2007). 

		 EPA prioritized those systems to identify those in significant noncompliance and the highest priority 

for action by the primacy agency. EPA determined that 12,878 systems (approximately 8% of all 

systems) were in SNC at some time during calendar year 2008 (14,365, or 9% in 2007). 

Public Water Systems in Significant Noncompliance
 

During Calendar Years 2007 and 2008
 

Total Number of Systems 2008 = 154,622 

Total Number of Systems 2007=155,559 

16000 

14000 

12000 

10000 

8000 

6000 

4000 

2000 

0 

12,878 

9% 

14,365 

8% 

2007 2008 

Number of Systems 

7 
o Of the 8% of systems in SNC in 2008, over 91% were small systems. 

o Of the 9% of systems in SNC in 2007, over 93% were small systems. 

EPA continually monitors the number of systems in SNC in each state and in Indian country. Beginning in 

2006, some but not all EPA regions addressed all significant noncompliance at a system simultaneously. 

Other regions continued to address significant noncompliance on a rule-by-rule basis with the result that a 

system could return to compliance with one rule but still be in significant noncompliance with others. 

Although this holistic approach was not adopted in all EPA regions until December 2009, the number of 

systems in SNC decreased from 12,596 systems in July 2006 to 8438 in July 2008 (a 33% reduction). 

EPA fully expects the number of systems with significant noncompliance to continue this downward trend 

as all regions shift to this more holistic approach. 

U.S. Public Water Systems in Significant Noncompliance in July 

Three-Year Trend 

12,596 

10,460 

8,438 

0 

2,000 

4,000 

6,000 

8,000 

10,000 

12,000 

14,000 

July 2006 July 2007 July 2008 

Number of Systems in SNC 

In 2008, primacy agencies initiated 5,875 formal enforcement actions in response to drinking water 

violations at public water systems in their jurisdictions (4,462 in 2007). The vast majority of these actions 

were taken by primacy states. EPA has primacy in Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and in Indian 

country, except for the Navajo Nation. EPA’s actions were primarily in these areas where it has primacy. 

EPA has also initiated enforcement action in primacy states, often at a state’s invitation. 

EPA and State Formal Enforcement Actions at PWSs 

178 350 

5570 

4284 

0 

1000 

2000 

3000 

4000 

5000 

6000 

2007 2008 

Number of Actions 

States EPA 

Not all significant noncompliance requires formal enforcement actions. Some systems return to 

compliance on their own without the need for enforcement. Further, EPA guidance allows primacy 

8 
agencies to address a system’s violations with informal actions before proceeding to formal enforcement if 

the violation remains uncorrected. Enforcement actions often address multiple violations at the same 

system. Finally, enforcement actions initiated in one year may address violations that first occurred in the 

previous year. 

9 
Part 2. Summary of Compliance and Enforcement at Tribally 

Owned and Operated PWSs 

Implementation of SDWA in Indian Country 

Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary enforcement authority (known as primacy) to administer 

the drinking water program provided they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and 1451 of the Safe 

Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As of 2008, only the Navajo Nation had received primacy for most public 

water systems on the Navajo Reservation. EPA administers the drinking water program in the rest of 

Indian country. 

Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages outside of Indian country are not included in this section of 

the report. The Alaska Native Villages are not federally recognized tribes, therefore, the state acts as the 

primacy agency in reporting violations. Similarly, compliance figures for 18 public water systems in 

Indian country located in Oklahoma are not included in this section of the report. In the case of the 18 

Oklahoma systems, the state acts as the primacy agency for these federally recognized tribal systems. Most 

of the Indian population in Oklahoma is served by public water systems not sited on tribal trust land. For 

those systems located on trust land who request to be regulated by EPA, Region 6 is the primacy agency for 

reporting purposes. In cases where the state retains primacy, this information is found in the state reports 

for Alaska and Oklahoma, respectively. The state reports do not, however, contain separate information on 

these public water systems. 

Inventory of Public Water Systems by Size 

The number of tribally-owned and operated systems (hereafter referred to as tribal systems) operating in 

Indian country in 2007 and 2008 remained constant at 825. Small systems comprise 92% of all systems in 

Indian country. These small systems served approximately 40% of the people who received water from 

public water systems. This is in contrast to the U.S. as a whole including Indian country, where small 

systems comprise 94% of all systems and serve approximately 13% of all users. Nationally, a larger 

percentage of small systems have violations when compared to larger systems, and small tribal PWSs have 

more violations than small non-tribal PWSs. Thus, users of tribal PWSs are disproportionately affected by 

noncompliance challenges shared by small systems. 

Distribution of Tribally Owned and Operated PWSs by Size 

Total Number of Systems 2007 and 2008 = 825 

2% 

6% 

92% 

Large Systems 

Medium Systems 

Small Systems 

Systems with Significant Violations of Any Type 

In 2008, primacy agencies reported that 45% or 371 of the 825 tribal public water systems, serving 

approximately 565,000 users, had no significant violation of any type (37% or 309 in 2007). 

The types of violations reported by the remaining 55% of systems (63% of systems in 2007) are shown 

below. 

10 
Number of Tribal Systems with Significant 

Violations 

Total Number of Systems in 2007 and 2008 = 825 

4 4 

165 

347 

131 

261 

341 

134 

0 

50 

100 

150 

200 

250 

300 

350 

400 

Health-based Monitoring Consumer Public 

and reporting Confidence 

Report 

Notification 

Type of Significant Violation 

Number of Systems

2008 

2007 

Systems with Violations of Variances or Exemptions 

No violations of variances or exemptions were reported by the primacy agencies for tribal PWSs during 

2007 or 2008. 

Systems with Health-Based Violations 

Sixteen percent of tribal systems had health-based violations in both 2007 and 2008. These systems served 

193,700 or 19% of users in 2008, and 178,744 or 18% of users in 2007. 

Systems with Significant Monitoring and Reporting Violations 

If a system did not monitor the quality of its water, it is impossible to know if it has violated health-based 

requirements. For this reason, a system’s significant failure to monitor and report is a major violation that 

must be addressed and corrected. 

In 2008, 347 tribal systems (42%) had significant monitoring and reporting violations (41% in 2007). 

Significant Violations Reported Most Frequently 

The most frequently reported violation among all tribal systems in both 2007 and 2008 was monitoring and 

reporting under the Chemical Contaminant group. 

In 2008, exceedances of the MCL for the Chemical Contaminant group were the most frequently violated 

health-based standards, making up 42% of all health-based violations. Exceedance of the MCL for the 

Total Coliform Rule was the most frequently-violated health-based standard in 2007, accounting for 50% 

of all health-based violations. 

Percentage of Violations by Rule at Tribal PWS 2008 

0% 

20% 

40% 

60% 

80% 

100% 

Chemical DBPR LCR SWTR TCR 

Contaminants 

Health-Based Violations Significant Monitoring and Reporting Violations 

0% 

37% 

2% 

11% 

42% 

30% 

3% 10% 

13% 

44% 

11 
Percentage of Violations by Rule at Tribal PWS 2007 

100% 

80% 

60% 

40% 

20% 

0% 

Chemical DBPR LCR SWTR TCR 

Contaminants 

1% 

31% 

11% 

2% 1% 

50% 

68% 

9% 6% 

17% 

Health-Based Violations Significant Monitoring and Reporting Violations 

EPA Response to Violations 

EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance identified tribal public water system compliance 

a national priority in fiscal year 2005. In 2007/2008, EPA continued to devote significant financial and 

staff resources to improve compliance with SDWA and implementing regulations at tribal PWSs. 

Compliance Assistance 

EPA’s tribal compliance assistance program is designed to help maintain compliance with the SDWA. 

EPA works in partnership with utility managers, operators, other tribal environmental staff, and tribal 

elected officials to provide safe, clean drinking water to tribe members. 

EPA provides compliance assistance to tribal officials through training sessions, newsletters, telephone 

support, and system visits. EPA and/or its agents provide on-site assistance to assess current compliance 

status, develop monitoring schedules and compliance plans, and conduct sanitary surveys. 

EPA coordinates many of these activities with other federal agencies, including the Indian Health Service 

and the Bureau of Reclamation. In addition, non-governmental organizations and inter-tribal consortia, 

including the Native American Water Association, the Rural Water Association, and the Rural Community 

Assistance Corporation, work with EPA and the tribal water system officials to meet the SDWA 

requirements. 

Enforcement 

When a tribal public water system fails to meet the requirements of the SDWA and implementing 

regulations, EPA tries to return the system to compliance using compliance assistance. Enforcement 

actions are taken only if compliance assistance does not remedy the violation or an emergency action is 

required to immediately protect public health. 

If an enforcement action is appropriate, EPA can initiate administrative orders, including emergency 

administrative orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the Department of Justice. The "EPA Policy for 

the Administration of Environmental Programs on Indian Reservations" (EPA Indian Policy, 11/8/84) and 

the "Guidance on the Enforcement Principles Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy" (EPA Enforcement 

Principles) guide the Agency's approach to bringing civil administrative or judicial enforcement actions in 

Indian country. 

Prioritization of Systems for Formal Enforcement 

EPA generally designates a public water system to be in significant noncompliance (SNC) if the system has 

serious, frequent or persistent violations for a specific regulation that may pose a threat to public health. 

This enables the states and EPA to prioritize enforcement resources to ensure that the most severe 

violations are addressed first. A system can be designated as SNC if it has a poor monitoring & reporting 

history, even if there are no reported health-based violations. 

12 
 Of the 825 tribally owned and operated public water systems, EPA determined that 298 systems 

(approximately 36%) were in significant noncompliance with one or more drinking water standards in 

calendar year 2008 (399 systems or 48% in 2007). 

 In 2008, 95% of these systems were small systems (94% in 2007). 

 In 2008, EPA took 15 formal enforcement actions (3 in 2007). 

It is important to note that not all significant noncompliance requires formal enforcement actions. Some 

systems return to compliance on their own without the need for enforcement. Further, EPA guidance 

allows primacy agencies to address a system’s violations with compliance, managerial or technical 

assistance, or informal enforcement actions before proceeding to formal enforcement if the violation 

remains uncorrected. Enforcement actions often address multiple violations at the same system. 

Financial Assistance to Tribal PWSs 

EPA provides financial assistance to public water systems in Indian country to help build tribal capacity to 

operate and maintain systems in compliance with SDWA. Capacity building is a long-term solution that 

includes providing financial, administrative, and technical assistance as they develop their environmental 

programs. EPA’s Indian General Assistance Program provides grants to plan, develop, and establish 

environmental protection programs, including drinking water programs. 

EPA also distributes funds for specific drinking water program priorities. EPA set aside $6,278,500 in 

FY2008 for activities to support Tribal Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Programs ($6,325,500 in 

FY2007). EPA uses these funds to operate the PWSS program in Indian country. The Navajo Nation, as a 

program with primacy, also received financial support from PWSS funds. These funds are used to 

implement the PWSS program, including activities such as: 

 Improving capacity at tribal drinking water systems source water and wellhead protection projects; 

 Completing source water assessments; 

 Providing training to tribal operators; 

 Compiling and analyzing compliance information; and 

 Responding to violations. 

EPA also distributes funds to improve the infrastructure of water systems to achieve compliance. Each 

year, 1.5% of the appropriation for the national Drinking Water State Revolving Fund program is set aside 

for American Indian communities and Alaska Native Villages. The FY 2008 set-aside amounted to 

$12,435,000 ($12,652,000 in FY2007). These funds are used for: 

 Distribution system improvements; 

 Community water system extensions; 

 Replacement of water mains; 

 Adding new wells; 

 Treatment improvements; 

 Construction of new pumphouses; and 

 Consolidation of systems to leverage resources and achieve economies of scale. 

Finally, through cooperative agreements with other Federal agencies, small tribal public water systems 

receive information on training and technical assistance, wellhead and ground water protection, and source 

water protection. 

13 
Part 3. Conclusions and Recommendations 

Based on the incompleteness of the violation data reported by primacy agencies, EPA recognizes the 

findings in this report underestimate the actual level of noncompliance at PWSs in 2007 and 2008. 

Compliance and Enforcement at PWSs in U.S. 

Small systems comprise the vast majority of systems with significant violations as well as those prioritized 

by EPA as being in significant noncompliance. Nationally, small systems serve 13% of all users. In Indian 

country, small tribal systems serve 40% of users. 

The data submitted by primacy agencies indicate that 7% of public water systems had violations of healthbased standards in 2007 and 2008. 

In both 2007 and 2008, about 19% of all public water systems had significant monitoring and reporting 

violations (29,119 systems in 2008; 28,916 in 2007). 

The most frequently occurring violations in 2007 and 2008 were under the Total Coliform Rule, including 

exceedance of the MCL and violation of monitoring and reporting requirements. 

Compliance and Enforcement in Indian Country 

EPA regions reported that 16% of tribally owned and operated public water systems had health-based 

violations in both 2007 and 2008 (131 and 134 systems, respectively). 

EPA regions reported that 42% of tribal systems had significant monitoring and reporting violations in 

2008 (41% in 2007). This is of concern because if a system does not monitor and report on the quality of 

its water, it is impossible to know if there are health-based violations. 

The most frequently occurring violation in 2007 and 2008 was monitoring and reporting under the 

Chemical Contaminant Group. 

Recommendations 

1. Improve Compliance Rates 

States and EPA should continue working together to return violating systems to compliance, as efficiently 

and effectively as possible. Pursuing the more holistic systems-based approach to addressing 

noncompliance in all regions and states should help to improve performance among public water systems 

and government. 

2. Improve Data Quality 

Without accurate and complete data from primacy agencies, EPA cannot fulfill its oversight responsibility 

to fully assess the state of compliance at the nation’s public water systems. At the same time, complete and 

accurate information is not available to the public. For these reasons, data quality improvement must 

remain a high priority for EPA and the states. 

EPA, states, and drinking water stakeholders should continue to work cooperatively to improve the quality 

of the compliance data. More remains to be done to achieve 100% accurate, complete, and timely 

information. 

EPA’s current data quality goal is set at 90% even though it is ultimately EPA's expectation that we will 

achieve 100% in the future. Some of the next steps EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders have 

agreed to undertake include: 

		 Streamlining data reporting and reducing rule complexity; 

		 Conducting more training to ensure regulatory staff can accurately determine compliance with drinking 

water rules and data entry staff can upload complete and accurate data to SDWIS/FED; 

		 Encouraging states to issue annual reminders to water systems of their compliance monitoring 

schedules; 

		 Providing states with individual, prioritized recommendations for improving their data quality; 

14 
		 Performing more frequent data verification audits; 

		 Calculating estimates for SDWIS/FED data quality every three years, or more frequently if data from a 

sufficient number of data verifications are available; 

		 Negotiating grant conditions with several states to encourage them to follow quality assurance/quality 

control plans for drinking water violation data reported to EPA and address the differences in 

interpretation of the regulation; and 

		 Working with all states to implement the EPA Order 5360.1 A2 dealing with requirements for quality 

management systems. 

3. Maintain Oversight of State and EPA Programs 

EPA regions continue to work with states to evaluate how well public water systems comply with the rules 

and whether enforcement actions are protecting public health. 

In December, 2009, EPA issued a revised SDWA Enforcement Response Policy to regions and states. The 

revised policy includes a formula for prioritizing systems in significant noncompliance for formal 

enforcement action to ensure that the most important problems are addressed in a timely and appropriate 

manner. The policy establishes a timeframe within which regions and states are asked to address all 

significant noncompliance at a system at once, rather than on a rule-by-rule basis. This approach, 

developed in partnership with regions and states, has been implemented on an ad hoc basis for several 

years, and has been successful in reducing the number of systems with unaddressed significant 

noncompliance. Given the potential lag time between identification of noncompliance and the subsequent 

return to compliance, compliance data may not reflect results of implementing this new policy for one or 

two years. 

4. Capacity Development for Small Systems 

EPA recognizes the challenges facing small drinking water systems serving 3,300 or fewer users, and 

provides tools and assistance for capacity development, which refers to the technical, financial and 

managerial capacity of a system to provide safe drinking water. The capacity development program also 

provides information about treatment technology options for small systems. Examples of EPA’s capacity 

development include: 

		 EPA provides funding to support eight technology assistance centers that help small systems with 

training, technical assistance, and technology demonstrations. 

		 States and EPA help promote compliance with existing drinking water requirements by conducting 

numerous assistance activities, such as on-site visits and the distribution of easy-to-read guides and 

checklists. 

		 EPA funding established and maintains the Local Government Environmental Assistance Network 

(LGEAN), a source of free information on current and developing SDWA requirements (as well as 

technical assistance, peer counseling, and financial guidance). LGEAN can be accessed on the internet 

at www.lgean.org or by calling toll-free 1-877- TO-LGEAN (865-4326). 

		 EPA established and maintains the Financing for Environmental Compliance website to provide 

financial and technical assistance resources to help communities create a plan to finance environmental 

capital assets. The website can be accessed at: http://www.epa.gov/compliance/assistance/financing 

		 EPA has developed sets of tools that will assist small systems with implementing drinking water 

regulations and managing their systems while still providing adequate public health protection. The 

tools can be accessed at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/cupss/index.html. 

5. Enforcement 

		 The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement actions against violating public water systems both to 

deter violations and to ensure public health protection. 

		 The Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance has made compliance at tribal public water 

systems a national priority since 2005. As a part of this effort, EPA has worked closely with tribal 

governments, utility managers and water system operators with particular emphasis on compliance 

with microbial rules and standards for nitrates. 

15 
		 EPA in December 2009 issued a revised enforcement response policy that clarifies state and federal 

roles and responsibilities, timeframes, and mechanisms for returning violating systems to compliance 

(described above under “3. Maintain Oversight of State and EPA Programs”). Simultaneously, EPA 

began using a scoring formula for prioritizing violating systems for formal enforcement based on 

weighted factors, such as type of violation, duration of noncompliance, and repeat offenses. This tool 

is expected to ensure that enforcement resources are directed to noncompliant systems where they will 

have greatest impact on protecting public health. 

16 
Appendix A Glossary of Terms 

Administrative Order 

Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a State requiring action to address noncompliance at a public 

water system, usually by means of a compliance schedule with enforceable milestone dates. 

Chemical Rules 

Refers collectively to regulations that protect the puIlic from unsafe levels of organic chemicals, inorganic 

chemicals (including lead and copper), and radioactivity in drinking water. 

Community Water System 

A public water system that serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly 

serves at least 25 year-round residents (e.g., homes, apartments and condominiums that are occupied yearround as primary residences). 

Consumer Confidence Rule (CCR) 

Requires community water systems to prepare and provide to their customers annual consumer confidence 

reports on the quality of the water delivered by the systems. 

Disinfection/Disinfectant By Product Rule (DBPR) 

Applies to community water systems and nontransient non-community systems, including those serving 

fewer than 10,000 people, that add a disinfectant to the drinking water during any part of the treatment 

process. The Stage 1 DBPR specifically addresses risks associated with disinfectants and disinfectant 

byproducts. This rule was published concurrently with the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule 

(IESWTR), which addresses control of microbial pathogens. 

Federally-recognized Indian Tribe 

An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, community, or Alaska Native Village that the Secretary of the 

Interior acknowledges to exist as an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act 

of 1994, 25 U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the Department of the Interior, the list of federallyrecognized tribes is updated periodically and published in the Federal Register. The latest list of federallyrecognized Indian tribes is available at 74 Federal Register (FR) 40218 (August 11, 2009). 

Health-based Violation 

A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant Level or a Treatment Technique requirement. 

Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) 

Applies to systems using surface water, or ground water under the direct influence of surface water, that 

serve more tha 10,000 persons. The rule also includes provisions for states to conduct sanitary surveys for 

surface water systems regardless of system size. 

Large System 

A public water system that serves more than 10,000 people. 

Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) 

Requires a public water system to take steps to minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper in drinking 

water by monitoring for these contaminants, installing corrosion control where required, and, where 

necessary, educating the public about ways to reduce exposure. A system may also be required to treat its 

source water or replace lead service lines. 

Maximum Contaminant Level 

The maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water delivered to any user of a public water system. 

17 
Monitoring and Reporting Violation 

Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and reporting schedule or violation of contaminant-specific 

minimum testing schedules and operational reporting requirements. Those monitoring and reporting 

violations considered “significant” for the purposes of the state and national public water system 

compliance reports are described below in Table A–1. 

Non-transient Non-community Water System 

A non-community public water system that regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons over six months 

per year. A typical example of a non-transient non-community water system is a school or an office 

building that has its own water source, such as a drinking water well. 

Primacy 

The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA, States, and Tribes to work as partners to ensure delivery of 

safe drinking water to the public. Any State or Indian Tribe can request responsibility for operation and 

oversight of the drinking water program within its borders. In order to receive this responsibility (called 

“primary enforcement authority” or “primacy”), a State or Tribe must show that, among other things, it has 

adopted drinking water regulations that are at least as stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrate its 

capacity both to enforce those regulations and to implement other activities necessary to ensure 

compliance. 

In the absence of State or Tribal primacy, EPA assumes responsibility for administering the drinking water 

program for that area. Of the 56 eligible States (defined to include Commonwealths, Territories, and the 

District of Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of Columbia have primacy. During calendar year 

2001, the EPA Regional Offices administered the drinking water program within these two jurisdictions 

and on all Tribal lands, except for the Navajo Nation. 

Public Water System (PWS) 

A system for the provision to the public of water for human consumption through pipes or other 

constructed conveyances, if such system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves at least 25 

individuals at least 60 days out of the year. A public water system can be either a community water system, 

a non-transient noncommunity water system, or a transient noncommunity water system. 

Radionuclides 

Radioactive particles, such as radium-226, radium-228, gross alpha, and beta particle/photon radioactivity, 

can occur naturally in water or may result from human activity. EPA has established MCLs for uranium, 

beta/photon emitters, alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228. 

Small Systems 

Public water systems that serve no more than 3,300 people. 

Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) 

The Surface Water Treatment Rule requires a public water system served by surface water or by ground 

water under the influence of surface water to take steps (such as disinfection, filtration followed by 

disinfection, or watershed control) to reduce potential exposure to microbiological contamination. 

Total Coliform Rule (TCR) 

Establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water distribution systems. Although coliform bacteria, which are 

found in decaying organic material and in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, are usually not 

harmful to human health, their presence may indicate the presence of other, more dangerous microbial 

contamination. 

Transient Non-community Water System 

A non-community water system that regularly serves at least 25 people (but not the same 25) over six 

months per year. A typical example is a campground or a highway rest stop that has its own water source, 

such as a drinking water well. 

18 
Treatment Technique 

In cases where EPA has determined it is not technically or economically feasible to establish an MCL, the 

Agency can instead specify a treatment technique. These are treatment methods required by EPA to 

minimize the level of a contaminant in drinking water. 

Variances and Exemptions 

A public water system that cannot comply with a drinking water standard because of poor source water 

quality, or, in the case of small systems, inadequate financial resources, can be granted a variance to 

comply with less stringent, but still protective standards based on a specific EPA-approved technology 

available to the system. An exemption allows a PWS with compelling circumstances (including economic 

considerations) additional time to achieve compliance with applicable SDWA requirements, so long as 

public health is adequately protected. 

19 
TABLE A-1: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING VIOLATIONS FOR ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM 

REPORTS 

Rule Violation Type Description 

SDWIS SDWIS 

Violation Contaminant 

Code1 Code 

Total Coliform Rule 

Major routine No samples collected during a compliance period 23 3100 

Major repeat No follow-up samples collected after a positive 

total coliform sample or no speciation 25 3100 

Surface Water Treatment Major (filtered) Collected less than 90% of samples required 

during a compliance period 36 200 

Rule Major (unfiltered) Collected less than 90% of samples required 

during a compliance period 31 200 

Major 

Failure to produce and/or report to State 

individual filter profile within 7 days of 

exceedance (>0.5 NT U in 2 consecutive 

measurements taken 15 minutes apart). 

29 

300 

Major 

Failure to produce and/or report to State 

individual filter profile within 7 days of 

exceedance (>1.0 NT U in 2 consecutive 

measurements taken 15 minutes apart). 

Major 

Failure to conduct and/or report to State a selfassessment of an individual filter within 14 days 

of exceedance (>1.0 NTU in 2 consecutive 

measurements taken 15 minutes apart in each of 

3 consecutive months). 

Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment 

Rule/ 

Long Term 1 Major 

Failure to have a CPE conducted by State or third 

party no later than 30 days after exceedance (>2.0 

NTU in 2 consecutive measurements taken 15 

minutes apart in 2 consecutive months) and have 

the CPE completed and submitted to the State no 

later than 90 days following the exceedance. 

Major Failure to collect and report at least 90 percent of 

required samples. 

38

Major 

Failure to report that the system has conducted 

all individual filter monitoring to State within 10 

days after the end of each month. 

Major 

Failure to report that the system has exceeded 1 

NTU (or maximum set by State) in 

representative samples by end of next business 

day. 

N/A Failure to maintain the results of individual filter 

monitoring for at least 3 years. 9 

Lead and 

Copper Rule 

Initial lead and 

copper tap 

Either failed to collect the initial tap samples, 

and then failed to correct that omission within a) 

3 months for large systems, b) 6 months for 

medium systems, or c) 12 months for small 

systems; or failed to submit the associated report 

51 5000 

Follow-up or routine 

lead and copper tap Failed to collect 1 or more required samples 52 5000 

Stage 1 Disinfection 

Byproducts Regular monitoring Failed to collect any required samples 27 By contaminant 

20
 
TABLE A-1: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING VIOLATIONS FOR ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM 

REPORTS 

C 

h 

e 

m 

Phase I, II, IIB, and 

V Rules Regular monitoring Failed to collect any required samples2 03, 04 By contaminant 

Radionuclides Regular monitoring Failed to collect any required samples 03, 04 

4000, 4100, 

4010, 4006, 

4101, 4102, 4174 

1 EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting violations 

associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code. 

2 Failure to collect “any required sample” means none of the required samples were collected. 

21
 
TABLE A-2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR 

PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 2008
 

Applicability of Regulations 

Contaminant/Rule Community Water Systems Non-Transient NonCommunity Water Systems 

Transient Non-Community 

Water Systems 

Organic Contaminants All 

All (Note: acrylamide and 

epichlorohydrin do not have 

MCLs and only have treatment 

techniques) 

None 

Total Trihalomethanes 

Contaminants (TTHM) 

All PWS, using surface water or 

ground water under the direct 

influence of surface water 

(GWUDI), which disinfect their 

water (a.k.a. Subpart H systems) 

All PWS, using surface water or 

GWUDI, which disinfect their 

water (a.k.a. Subpart H systems) 

All PWS, using surface water or 

GWUDI, which disinfect their 

water (a.k.a. Subpart H 

systems) 

Inorganic Contaminants 

(IOCs) All 

Prior to the 2001 Arsenic Rule, 

all IOCs except for arsenic. 

After the 2001 Arsenic Rule all 

IOCs. 

None 

Nitrate and Nitrite 

Contaminants All All All 

Radionuclides Contaminants All None None 

Total Coliform Rule All All All 

Surface Water Treatment 

Some 

Only PWS using surface water or 

GWUDI 

Some 

Only PWS using surface water 

or GWUDI 

Some 

Only PWS using surface water 

or GWUDI 

Lead and Copper Rule All All None 

Interim Enhanced Surface 

Water Treatment Rule 

For sanitary surveys all PWS 

using surface water or GWUDI; 

for other requirements those 

systems serving 10,000 or more 

people 

For sanitary surveys all PWS 

using surface water or GWUDI; 

for other requirements those 

systems serving 10,000 or more 

people 

For sanitary surveys all PWS 

using surface water or GWUDI; 

for other requirements those 

systems serving 10,000 or more 

people 

Stage 1 

Disinfectant/Disinfection ByProduct Rule 

All PWS adding a disinfectant to 

the drinking water 

All PWS adding disinfectant to 

the drinking water 

Those PWS using chlorine 

dioxide 

Filter Backwash Recycling 

Rule 

Conventional or direct filtration 

PWS using surface water or 

GWUDI and recycle spent filter 

backwash, thickener supernatant, 

or liquids from dewatering 

processes 

Conventional or direct filtration 

PWS using surface water or 

GWUDI and recycle spent filter 

backwash, thickener 

supernatant, or liquids from 

dewatering processes 

Conventional or direct filtration 

PWS using surface water or 

GWUDI and recycle spent filter 

backwash, thickener 

supernatant, or liquids from 

dewatering processes 

Public Notification All All All 

Consumer Confidence Rule All None None 

22 
Contents 

Alabama .............................................................................. B-7 

Alaska ................................................................................. B-8 

American Samoa ................................................................. B-9 

Arizona.............................................................................. B-10 

Arkansas............................................................................ B-11 

California .......................................................................... B-12 

Colorado ........................................................................... B-13 

Connecticut ...................................................................... B-14 

Delaware .......................................................................... B-15 

District of Columbia ......................................................... B-16 

Florida .............................................................................. B-17 

Georgia ............................................................................. B-18 

Guam ................................................................................ B-19 

Hawaii .............................................................................. B-20 

Idaho ................................................................................ B-21 

Illinois .............................................................................. B-22 

Indiana .............................................................................. B-23 

Iowa ................................................................................. B-24 

Kansas .............................................................................. B-25 

Kentucky .......................................................................... B-26 

Louisiana .......................................................................... B-27 

Maine ............................................................................... B-28 

Maryland .......................................................................... B-29 

Massachusetts ................................................................... B-30 

Michigan .......................................................................... B-31 

Minnesota ......................................................................... B-32 

Mississippi ....................................................................... B-33 

Missouri ........................................................................... B-34 

Appendix B Summaries of State Annual 

Compliance Reports
 

Montana ............................................................................B-35 

Nebraska ...........................................................................B-36 

Nevada ..............................................................................B-37 

New Hampshire ................................................................B-38 

New Jersey ........................................................................B-39 

New Mexico .....................................................................B-40 

New York .........................................................................B-41 

North Carolina ..................................................................B-42 

North Dakota ....................................................................B-43 

Northern Mariana Islands .................................................B-44 

Ohio ..................................................................................B-45 

Oklahoma .........................................................................B-46 

Oregon ..............................................................................B-47 

Pennsylvania .....................................................................B-48 

Puerto Rico .......................................................................B-49 

Rhode Island .....................................................................B-50 

South Carolina ..................................................................B-51 

South Dakota ....................................................................B-52 

Tennessee .........................................................................B-53 

Texas .................................................................................B-54 

Utah ..................................................................................B-55 

Vermont ............................................................................B-56 

Virgin Islands ...................................................................B-57 

Virginia .............................................................................B-58 

Washington .......................................................................B-59 

West Virginia ....................................................................B-60 

Wisconsin .........................................................................B-61 

Wyoming ...........................................................................B-62 

23 
This Appendix presents a summary of each state report in a 

standardized format. The format includes an overall 

summary of the violations data specified in Section 1414 of 

the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments 

(i.e., violations with respect to maximum contaminant levels 

(MCLs), treatment technique violations, significant 

monitoring and reporting requirements, significant 

notification violations, and variances and exemptions). 

This Appendix summarizes the data reported by the States, 

but does not interpret it. Therefore, other factors must be 

taken into account before drawing conclusions about a 

State program. For example, public water systems are 

required to report all violations to the State, but State 

drinking water programs vary in the regulations they 

choose to emphasize. A State that decided to focus 

attention and resources on one particular rule may have 

discovered and reported many more violations of that rule 

than a State that chose to focus on a different rule. A 

disproportionate number of violations in a State could also 

indicate that the State needs to work with its public water 

systems to improve their compliance. Readers are 

cautioned to view the violations data provided in the State 

summaries within the context of each State and its 

individual drinking water program. 

In 2007, EPA received State Public Water System 

Compliance Reports from 50 of the 57 primacy states, 

Commonwealths, Territories, and tribes. As in past years, 

American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands 

did not submit reports, and, with limited exceptions, did not 

supply information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did not receive a 

report from Florida, Idaho, Louisiana, and New Jersey. 

Appendix B supplies what information is available in 

SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at public water systems 

in the areas that did not submit compliance reports in 2007. 

EPA prepared reports for the District of Columbia and 

Wyoming, which did not have primary enforcement 

responsibility for drinking water in calendar year 2007 or 

2008. 

Violations for 2007 and 2008 

EPA summarizes the number of MCL/MDRL, treatment 

technique, and significant monitoring and reporting 

violations1 reported by each state in six categories: 

•	 Violations of chemical contaminant requirements2 

•	 Violations of the Total Coliform Rule 

•	 Violations of the Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Long Term Enhanced 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, and Filter Backwash 

Recycling Rule 

•	 Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule 

2

 MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total 

trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and radionuclide contaminants. 

A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations 

including exceptions to the definition for the Total Coliform Rule and Lead and 

Copper Rule appears in Appendix A. 

•	 Significant Notification or Consumer Confidence Rule 

Violation 

•	 Violations of the Disinfection/Disinfectant Byproducts 

Rule 

EPA summarizes the numbers of individual public water 

systems in violation in each of these five categories, as 

reported by the state. If a state’s report did not include 

information in a category, EPA’s summary notes the 

omission. 

2007 and 2008 Totals 

EPA also summarizes the total number of systems in each 

state, the total number of significant violations reported, and 

the total number of PWSs in violation, if the state reported 

this information. When states did not provide information 

on the total number of public water systems, EPA supplied 

that information from the SDWIS/FED. 

Systems in Violation 

Systems in Violation is defined as the number of different 

systems with a reported violation of this type. Some states 

counted a system with multiple violations or violations in 

more than one category as one violating system. Other states 

counted a violating system each time it had a violation, or 

once for each of the regulatory categories in which it had a 

violation. If EPA’s review of a state’s report indicated some 

violating systems were counted more than once, an asterisk 

notes that the state’s number possibly over counts violating 

systems 

Variances and Exemptions 

No states reported a violation of a variance or exemption in 

2007 or 2008. 

Where to Obtain the 2007/2008 Annual Public Water 

Systems Report 

If a state’s report includes information on how to obtain a 

copy of the report, that information is provided on the state 

summary page in this Appendix. 

24 
Table B-1: Summary of Elements Reported in the 2007 State Reports 

Identified 

Size and Discussed Identified Each Provided 

State 

Submitted 

Report 

Reported on Violation Categories 

Reported on 

V/E 

Provided 

Inventory 

Information 

Type of 

Violating 

Systems 

Compliance and 

Enforcement 

Responses 

System with 

MCL and TT 

Violations 

Information to 

Public on 

Availability 

Provided 

Additional 

Information1 CCR MCL M/R TT 

Alabama x x x x x x x 

Alaska x x x x x x x x x x x x 

American Samoa REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Arizona x x x x x 

Arkansas x x x x x x x x x x x x 

California x x x x x x x x x x x 

Colorado x x x x x x x x x x 

Connecticut x x x x x x x x x x 

Delaware x x x x x x x x x x 

District of Columbia x x x x x x x x 

Florida REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Georgia x x x x x x x x 

Guam REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Hawaii x x x x x x x x x x 

Idaho REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Illinois x x x x x x x x x x x 

Indiana x x x x x x x x x x x 

Iowa x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Kansas x x x x x x x x x x x 

Kentucky x x x x x x x x x x 

Louisiana REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Maine x x x x x x x 

Maryland x x x x x x x x x x 

Massachusetts x x x x x x x x x 

Michigan x x x x x x x x x x 

Minnesota x x x x x x x x x x 

Mississippi x x x x x 

Missouri x x x x x x x x x x 

Montana x x x x x x 

Nebraska x x x x x x x x x x 

Nevada x x x x x x x x x x 

New Hampshire x x x x x x x x 

New Jersey REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

New Mexico x x x x x x x x x x 

New York x x x x x x x x x x 

North Carolina x x x x x x x x x 

North Dakota x x x x x x x x x x 

Northern Mariana 

Islands REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Ohio x x x x x x x x x x x 

Oklahoma x x x x x x x x x x 

Oregon x x x x x x x x 

Pennsylvania x x x x x x x x x x x x 

25 
Table B-1: Summary of Elements Reported in the 2007 State Reports 

Puerto Rico x x x x x x x x x x 

Rhode Island x x x x x x x x 

South Carolina x x x x x x x x x x x 

South Dakota x x x x x x x x x 

Tennessee x x x x x x x x x x 

Texas x x x x x x x x x x 

Utah x x x x x x 

Vermont x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Virgin Islands x x x x x x x 

Virginia x x x x x x x x 

Washington x x x x x x x x x 

West Virginia x x x x x x x x x x 

Wisconsin x x x x x x x x x 

Wyoming x x x x x x x x x 

1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance. 

26 
Table B-2: Summary of Elements Reported in the 2008 State Reports 

State 

Submitted 

Report 

Reported on Violation Categories 

Reported on 

V/E 

Provided 

Inventory 

Information 

Identified 

Size and 

Type of 

Violating 

Systems 

Discussed 

Compliance and 

Enforcement 

Responses 

Identified Each 

System with 

MCL and TT 

Violations 

Provided 

Information to 

Public on 

Availability 

Provided 

Additional 

Information1 CCR MCL M/R TT 

Alabama REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Alaska x x x x x x x x x x x x 

American Samoa REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Arizona REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Arkansas x x x x x x x x x x x 

California REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Colorado x x x x x x x x x x 

Connecticut REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Delaware x x x x x x x x x 

District of Columbia x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Florida REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Georgia REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Guam REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Hawaii x x x x x x x x x x x 

Idaho REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Illinois x x x x x x x x x x 

Indiana x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Iowa x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Kansas x x x x x X x x x x x 

Kentucky REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Louisiana REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Maine REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Maryland x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Massachusetts REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Michigan x x x x x x x x 

Minnesota x x x x x x x x x x 

Mississippi x x x x x 

Missouri x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Montana x x x x x x x 

Nebraska x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Nevada x x x x x x x x x x 

New Hampshire x x x x x x x x x x x x 

New Jersey x x x x x x x x x x x x 

New Mexico REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

New York REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

North Carolina REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

North Dakota x x x x x x x x x x 

Nortern Mariana Islands REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Ohio x x x x x x x x 

Oklahoma REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Oregon REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Pennsylvania x x x x x x x x x x x x 

Puerto Rico x x x x x x x x x x 

Rhode Island x x x x x x x x x x 

South Carolina x x x x x x x x x x x x 

South Dakota x x x x x x x x x 

Tennessee REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Texas REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Utah REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Vermont x x x x x x x x x x x X 

27 
Table B-2: Summary of Elements Reported in the 2008 State Reports 

Virgin Islands REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Virginia REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

Washington REPORT NOT SUBMITTED 

West Virginia x x x x x x x x x x x 

Wisconsin x x x x x x x x x 

Wyoming x x x x x x x x x x 

1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance. 

28 
State of Alabama 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group NR NR NR NR 

Total Coliform Rule 22 20 28 38 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 NR NR 

Consumer Confidence Report 18 18 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR 18 0 0 NR NR 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation Violations 

Systems in 

Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 629 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations NR 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

The 2007 state report did not provide information regarding public availability. 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

29
 
State of Alaska 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 12 6 3358 240 

Total Coliform Rule 51 41 867 441 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

154 64 169 39 

Lead and Copper Rule 15 13 361 215 

Consumer Confidence Report 152 117 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 125 24 9 9 310 126 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 15 7 849 195 

Total Coliform Rule 27 21 867 443 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

112 59 133 39 

Lead and Copper Rule 18 14 436 244 

Consumer Confidence Report 311 201 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 107 23 14 11 223 101 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1603 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 741* 

Total Number of 

Violations 5,586* 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1597 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 772* 

Total Number of 

Violations 3,118* 

* Includes public notification violations. Calculated total * Includes public notification violations. Calculated total 

number of violations is 5,583. number of violations is 3,112. 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Alaska’s state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Department of Environmental Conservation 

Drinking Water Program 

555 Cordova Street 

Anchorage, AK 99501 

Contact Name: Jeanine Oakland 

Telephone: (907) 269-2007 

Facsimile: (907) 269-7655 

Web site: http://www.dec.state.ak.us/eh/dw/index.htm 

30
 
State of American Samoa 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 62 7 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

5 5 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 19 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 67 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

EPA did not receive the 2007 compliance report and generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

31
 
State of Arizona 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 174 111* 720 465* 

Total Coliform Rule 114 94 1139 589 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 222 207 

Consumer Confidence Report 182 182 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 11 4 0 0 1767 352 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1608 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 4329 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

The 2007 state report did not provide information regarding public availability. 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

32
 
State of Arkansas 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 23 6* 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 87 76 277 181 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

56 16 20 9 

Lead and Copper Rule 19 14 55 42 

Consumer Confidence Report 54 54 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 153 64 30 12 20 12 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 24 6* 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 109 92 275 192 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

40 21 20 13 

Lead and Copper Rule 18 13 53 39 

Consumer Confidence Report 51 51 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 163 69 1 1 22 17 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1102 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 374 

Total Number of 

Violations 794 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1124 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 186 

Total Number of 

Violations 366 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Arkansas’ state reports are available at all local health units in Arkansas or by accessing the state’s web site: 

Web site: http://www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/viol.htm 

33
 
State of California 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 287 16* 374 358* 

Total Coliform Rule 456 358* 680** 540 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

26 19* 23** 10* 

Lead and Copper Rule 4 4* 22** 21* 

Consumer Confidence Report 106 106* 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 31 22 NR NR 113 98* 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** Counts differ between summary table and a table comparing 2005, 2006, and 2007 violations. Values from the summary table are shown. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 7815 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 2122 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

California’s 2007 state report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: 

CA Department of Public Health Division of Drinking Water and Environmental Management 

Telephone: (916) 449-5600 

Web site: http://www.cdph.ca.gov/certlic/drinkingwater/Pages/Publications.aspx 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

34
 
State of Connecticut 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 130 33* 2482 210* 

Total Coliform Rule 158 109 446 278 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

NR NR NR NR 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 16 17** 

Consumer Confidence Report 155 124 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 1 1 0 0 114 54 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** Number of systems in violation reported is greater than the number of violations. The number should be 16. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2717 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 3503 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Connecticut’s 2007 state report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Drinking Water Section offices 

Department of Public Health 

450 Capitol Avenue 

Hartford, CT 06106-1365 

Telephone: (860) 509-7333 

Web site: http://www.ct.gov/dph 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

35
 
State of Delaware 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 21 16 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 42 39 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 41 37 

Consumer Confidence Report 25 16 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 2 2 0 0 0 0 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 21 15* 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 47 32 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 36 30* 

Consumer Confidence Report 36* 20* 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 4 4 NR NR 0 0 

* State report gives different counts in several tables. Counts from tables that list systems in violation are shown here. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 520 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 71* 

Total Number of 

Violations 131 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 490 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 47 

Total Number of 

Violations 146 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Delaware’s state reports are available by contacting: 

Office of Drinking Water 

Division of Public Health 

Blue Hen Corporate Center 

655 Bay Road, Suite 203 

Dover, DE 19901 

Telephone: (302) 741-8630 

Facsimile: (302) 741-8631 

36
 
District of Columbia 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 2 2 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2 

Total Number of 

Violations 2 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1 

Total Number of 

Violations 1 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

District of Columbia's reports are available by contacting: 

Ground Water and Enforcement Branch (3WP22) 

U.S. EPA Region III 

1650 Arch Street 

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029 

Contact Name: Karen D. Johnson, Chief 

Phone: (215) 814-5445 

Facsimile: (215) 814-2302 

E-mail: johnson.karend@epa.gov 

Web site: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/Dcdrinking/index.htm 

37
 
State of Florida 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 11 10 121 120 

Total Coliform Rule 175 160 502 396 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 14 14 364 309 

Consumer Confidence Report 245 216 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 442* 114* NR* NR* 220 107 

* MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 5945 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 2094 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

EPA did not receive the 2007 compliance report and generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

38
 
State of Georgia 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 19 11* 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 66 50 380 302 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

4 4 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 428 310 

Consumer Confidence Report 553 454 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 22 8 19 19 14 14 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2463 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1507 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Georgia’s 2007 state report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: 

Department of Natural Resources 

Environmental Protection Division 

Drinking Water Compliance and Enforcement Program 

2 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive, Suite 1362 East 

Atlanta, GA 30334 

Contact Name: Doug Davenport 

Telephone: (404) 651-5162 

Web site: http://www.gaepd.org 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

39
 
Guam 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 0 0 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 2 2 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 14 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2 

Total Number of 

Violations 2 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

EPA did not receive the 2007 compliance report and generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

40
 
State of Hawaii 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 34 6 

Total Coliform Rule 3 3 2 2 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

7 4 4 2 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 1 1 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 1 1 

Total Coliform Rule 3 3 0 0 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 1 1 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 128 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 51 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 130 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 6 

Total Number of 

Violations 6 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Hawaii’s state reports are available by contacting: 

Hawaii Department of Health 

Environmental Management Division 

Safe Drinking Water Branch 

919 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 308 

Honolulu, HI 96814-4920 

Contact Name: Stuart Yamada, P.E., Branch Chief 

Telephone: (808) 586-4258 

Facsimile: (808) 586-4351 

E-mail: sdwb@doh.hawaii.gov 

41
 
State of Idaho 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 82 32 167 18 

Total Coliform Rule 136 111 496 363 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

26 12 24 7 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 54 50 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 4* 2* NR* NR* 34 27 

* MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1996 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1024 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

EPA did not receive the 2007 compliance report and generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

42
 
State of Illinois 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 304 95 5190 245 

Total Coliform Rule 156 142 404 243 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

105 17 7 2 

Lead and Copper Rule 3 3 83 56 

Consumer Confidence Report 202* 128* 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 25 13 11 5 186 156 

* Includes public notification violations. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 254 71** 4511 772** 

Total Coliform Rule 103 95 229 154 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

47 17 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 4 4 82 74 

Consumer Confidence Report 165* 101* 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 31 10 1 1 163 120 

* Includes public notification violations. 

** Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 5919 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 783* 

Total Number of 

Violations 6,676* 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 5742 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 650* 

Total Number of 

Violations 5,590* 

* Includes public notification violations. * Includes public notification violations. 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Illinois’ state reports are available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: 

Illinois EPA 

Bureau of Water, Compliance Assurance Section 

1021 North Grand Avenue East 

Springfield, IL 62794 

Contact Name: Mike Crumly 

Telephone: (217) 785-0561 / Facsimile: (217) 557-1407 

E-mail: mike.crumly@illinois.gov 

Web site: http://www.epa.state.il.us/water/compliance/drinking-water/compliance-report/index.html 

43
 
State of Indiana 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 139 74 2662 618 

Total Coliform Rule 438 377 135 1041 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

12 3 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 3 3 61 35 

Consumer Confidence Report 11 7 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 28 11 5 2 98 50 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 114 70* 2098 570* 

Total Coliform Rule 375 328 1613 1152 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

2 2 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 79 53 

Consumer Confidence Report 34 29 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 48 14 9 4 30 18 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4292 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1702 

Total Number of 

Violations 3593 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4248 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,748* 

Total Number of 

Violations 4,369* 

* Includes public notification violations. 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Indiana's state reports are available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: 

Indiana Department of Environmental Management 

Office of Water Management 

Drinking Water Branch 

Telephone: (317) 308-3280 

Web site: http://www.in.gov/idem/5093.htm 

44
 
State of Iowa 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 131 45 455 203 

Total Coliform Rule 242 130 350 202 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

8 4 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 3 3 40 20 

Consumer Confidence Report 33 33 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 75 42 

Violations for 2008 

2007 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2000 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 190/430* 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,437** 

* 190 systems violated a health-based standard and 430 

systems violated a monitoring and reporting standard. 

** The reported total (1,437) differs from the calculated total 

(1,338). 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 110 39 269 138 

Total Coliform Rule 241 129 340 208 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

4 3 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 24 12 

Consumer Confidence Report 13 13 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 32 26 

2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1987 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 193/350* 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,146** 

* 193 systems violated a health-based standard and 350 

systems violated a monitoring and reporting standard. 

** The reported total (1,146) differs from the calculated total 

(1,034). 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Iowa's state reports are available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: 

Iowa Department of Natural Resources-Water Supply 

401 SW 7th St., Suite M 

Des Moines, IA 50309-4611 

Facsimile: (515) 725-0348 

Web site: http://www.iowadnr.com/water/drinking/files/report04.pdf 

45
 
State of Kansas 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 105 42* 2 2 

Total Coliform Rule 59 44*† 32* 26 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

6 3 9* 3* 

Lead and Copper Rule 10* 7*† 41 37 

Consumer Confidence Report 64* 64* 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 165 59 62 20 0 0 

* Values in summary tables differ from text. Values from text shown here. 

† Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 108 42 2 2 

Total Coliform Rule 63 53 63 41 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

9 3 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 12 12 

Consumer Confidence Report 45 45 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 139 44 44 19 0 0 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1039 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 266 

Total Number of 

Violations 555 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1033 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 227 

Total Number of 

Violations 487 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Kansas’ state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site: 

Web site: http://www.kdheks.gov/pws/ 

46
 
Commonwealth of Kentucky 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 703 55 

Total Coliform Rule 18 17 44 12 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

9 7 10 2 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 124 85 

Consumer Confidence Report 105 80 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 44 22 10 6 78 41 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 492 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 246 

Total Number of 

Violations 1145 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Kentucky's 2007 state report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: 

Contact Name: Frank Hall 

Telephone: (502) 564-3410 ext. 542 

Web site: http://www.water.ky.gov/dw/consumer/acr/ 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

47
 
State of Louisiana 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 104 90 33 28 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

8 5* 15 2 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 172 163 

Consumer Confidence Report 244 171 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 121** 47** NR** NR** 43 16 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1488 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 740 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

EPA did not receive the 2007 compliance report and generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

48
 
State of Maine 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 65 38* 267 211* 

Total Coliform Rule 213 146 1054 579 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 19 19 109 82 

Consumer Confidence Report 37 32 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 27 13 NR NR 9 9 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2114 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 870* 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,200* 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

* Includes public notification violations. Calculated total 

number of violations is 1,801. 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

The 2007 state report did not provide information regarding public availability. 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

49
 
State of Maryland 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 68 24* 443 82* 

Total Coliform Rule 239 212* 271 107 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

8 8 2 2 

Lead and Copper Rule 25 25 125 121* 

Consumer Confidence Report 90 88 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 38 6 1 1 2 1 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 58 15 396 126* 

Total Coliform Rule 308 271* 308 177 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

16 13* 2 2* 

Lead and Copper Rule 60 59 155 152* 

Consumer Confidence Report 124 124 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 49 4 0 0 6 3 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 3533 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1312 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 3599 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1482 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Maryland’s state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site: 

Web site: http://www.mde.state.md.us 

50
 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 38 12 1501 128 

Total Coliform Rule 70 55 108 75 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

9 4 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 12 11 100 84 

Consumer Confidence Report 5 4 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 12 5 1 1 7 4 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1742 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 306 

Total Number of 

Violations 1863 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Massachusetts' 2007 state report is available by accessing the state's web site: 

Web site: http://www.mass.gov/dep/water/priorities/sdwaacr.pdf 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

51
 
State of Michigan 2007/20008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 142 139 1762 670 

Total Coliform Rule 408 373 907 762 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 211 154 

Consumer Confidence Report 27 27 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 8 1 1 1 23 13 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 175 173 650 556 

Total Coliform Rule 422 381 1040 888 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

1 1 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 185 170 

Consumer Confidence Report 21 20 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 10 2 3 2 11 6 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 11575 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,638* 

Total Number of 

Violations 3,575* 

* Calculated total number of violations is 3,490. * Calculated total number of violations is 2,520. 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Michigan’s state reports are available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: 

Michigan Department of Environmental Quality 

Water Bureau 

P.O. Box 30273 

Lansing, MI 48909 

Contact Name: Daniel Dettweiler / Kristen Philip 

Telephone: (517) 241-1373 / (517) 241-1238 

E-mail: dettweid@michigan.gov / philipk@michigan.gov 

Web site: http://www.michigan.gov/deq 

Click Water, then Drinking Water, then Community Water Supply 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 11603 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,632* 

Total Number of 

Violations 2,558* 

52
 
State of Minnesota 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 82 73* 7 7 

Total Coliform Rule 274 272* 79 69 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

13 12 9 7* 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 37 37* 

Consumer Confidence Report 6 6 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 2 1 0 0 16 15* 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 100 100* 1 1 

Total Coliform Rule 258 253* 81 63 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

8 8* 11 8 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 63 63* 

Consumer Confidence Report 1 1 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 2 2 NR NR 29 27 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 7286 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 525 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 7236 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 554 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Minnesota’s state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site: 

Web site: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/com/dwar/report08.html 

53
 
State of Mississippi 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 105 4 

Total Coliform Rule 46 46 81 70 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 24 21 

Consumer Confidence Report 479 352 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 87 29 0 0 0 0 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 18759 1024 

Total Coliform Rule 66 60 29 26 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 25 22 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 240 180 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 83 36 0 0 87 82 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1312 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 520 

Total Number of 

Violations 822 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1283 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1,101* 

Total Number of 

Violations 19289 

* Includes public notification violations. 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

The state reports did not provide information regarding public availability. 

54
 
State of Missouri 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 145 27 781 NR 

Total Coliform Rule 452 302 797 457 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

17 9 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 46 46 

Consumer Confidence Report 65 65 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 41 15 7 5 0 0 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 12 3 108 108 

Total Coliform Rule 556 341 851 507 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

16 9 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 23 23 

Consumer Confidence Report 323 227 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 54 18 11 5 4 4 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2772 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 2351 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2782 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations NR 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Missouri’s 2007 & 2008 state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Missouri Department of Natural Resources 

Public Drinking Branch 

Water Protection Program 

P.O. Box 176 

Jefferson City, MO 65102 

Telephone: (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-5331 

Web Site: http://www.dnr.mo.gov/env/wpp/dw-index.htm 

55
 
State of Montana 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 44 23 1355 179 

Total Coliform Rule 153 127 998 524 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

45 16 88 15 

Lead and Copper Rule 12 12 572 382 

Consumer Confidence Report 157 123 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 18 7 0 0 34 12 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 58 27 1360 189 

Total Coliform Rule 239 163 815 448 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

55 17 57 18 

Lead and Copper Rule 11 11 271 174 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 23 5 0 0 52 25 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2099 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1047 

Total Number of 

Violations 3476 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2121 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 945 

Total Number of 

Violations 2941 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Montana’s state reports are available by contacting: 

P.O. Box 200901 

Helena, MT 59620-0901 

Contact Name: Eugene Pizzini 

Telephone: (406) 444-6972 

Facsimile: (406) 444-1375 

E-mail: epizzini@mt.gov 

Montana’s 2008 state report is available by accessing the state’s web site: 

Web site: http://www.deq.mt.gov/wqinfo/pws/index.asp 

56
 
State of Nebraska 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 184 70* 34 34* 

Total Coliform Rule 209 164* 100 89 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

5 2 2 2 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 5 5 

Consumer Confidence Report 84 69 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 6 2 2 1 9 4 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 8 3 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 236 159 84 75 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

4 1 8 2 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 7 3 0 0 1 1 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1340 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 307 

Total Number of 

Violations 549* 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1332 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations NR 

* The total number of violations in the report (549) differs from 

the calculated total (640). 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Nebraska’s state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health 

301 Centennial Mall South, P.O. Box 95026 

Lincoln, NE 68509 

Contact Name: Jo Ann Wagner 

Telephone: (402) 471-0520 

E-mail: joann.wagner@dhhs.ne.gov 

Web site: http://www.dhhs.ne.gov/enh/pwsindex.htm 

57
 
State of Nevada 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group NR NR NR NR 

Total Coliform Rule NR NR NR NR 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

NR NR NR NR 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR NR NR 

Consumer Confidence Report 25 25 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group NR NR NR NR 

Total Coliform Rule NR NR NR NR 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

NR NR NR NR 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR NR NR 

Consumer Confidence Report 18 18 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 572 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 224 

Total Number of 

Violations 682 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 568 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 237 

Total Number of 

Violations 706 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Nevada's state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site or visiting county libraries in the state: 

Web site: http://ndep.nv.gov/BSDW/oversight.htm 

58
 
State of New Hampshire 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 219 99* 744 103* 

Total Coliform Rule 221 166 344 265 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

7 4 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 19 18 31 30 

Consumer Confidence Report 75 73 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 26 6 0 0 36 18 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 169 67* 281** 57** 

Total Coliform Rule 253 184 343 273 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

2 2 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 20 17 27 27 

Consumer Confidence Report 99 96 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 21 4 0 0 32 16 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** Values in summary tables differ from text. Values from text shown here. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2416 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1723 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2415 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 1247 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

New Hampshire’s state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services 

Water Division, Drinking Water and Groundwater Bureau 

29 Hazen Drive, P.O. Box 95 

Concord, NH 03302-0095 

Contact: Terri Sabia 

Telephone: (603) 271-2923 

E-mail: terri.sabbia@oit.nh.gov 

Web site: http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/dwgb/annual_report.htm 

59
 
State of New Jersey 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 119 57 591 231 

Total Coliform Rule 213 155 408 306 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

2 2* 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 731 471 

Consumer Confidence Report 8 6 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 6** 5** NR** NR** 6 5 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 167 53 1031 85 

Total Coliform Rule 247 197 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 59 53 98 90 

Consumer Confidence Report 2 2 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 1 1 181 58 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4006 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 2085 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 3969 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations NR 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

EPA did not receive the 2007 compliance report and generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

New Jersey’s 2008 state report is available by accessing the state web site: http//www.state.nj.us/dep/ 

60
 
State of New Mexico 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 77 28 8 5** 

Total Coliform Rule 137 97** 217 169 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

16 9 13 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 177 143 

Consumer Confidence Report 140 89 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 18 8 6 6 46 20 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** Values in summary tables differ from text. Values from text shown here. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1257 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 450 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,130* 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

* Total in report (1,130) differs from calculated total (856). 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

New Mexico’s 2007 state report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

New Mexico Environment Department Drinking Water Bureau 

Contact Name: Danny Valenzula 

Telephone: (505) 476-9649 or (877) 654-8720 

Web site: http://www.nmenv.state.nm.us/dwb/dwbtop.html 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

61
 
State of New York 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group NR NR NR NR 

Total Coliform Rule NR NR NR NR 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

NR NR NR NR 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR NR NR 

Consumer Confidence Report NR NR 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

* State submitted the information without a breakdown by rule. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 9537 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 3930 

Total Number of 

Violations 7378 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

New York’s 2007 state report is available by accessing the state’s web site: 

Web site: http://www.nyhealth.gov/environmental/water/drinking/violations/2007/2007_compliance_report.htm 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

62
 
State of North Carolina 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 353 62* 1,399† 916*† 

Total Coliform Rule 312 255 2525 1381 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

2 2 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 35 33 491 445 

Consumer Confidence Report 217 185 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 182 68 1 1 453 271 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

† Does not include Radionuclide violations. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6686 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2521 

Total Number of 

Violations 6,746* 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

* The total number of violations in the report (6,746) differs 

from the calculated total (5,970). 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

North Carolina's 2007 state report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Public Water Supply Section 

1634 Mail Service Center 

Raleigh, NC 27699-1634 

Contact Name: Eric Chai 

Telephone: (919) 733-2321 / Facsimile: (919) 715-4374 

E-mail: Eric.Chai@ncmail.net 

Web site: http://www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

63
 
State of North Dakota 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 3 1 7 7* 

Total Coliform Rule 27 21 49 43 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 1 1 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 6 3 0 0 6 6 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 21 10 2 2 

Total Coliform Rule 11 9 57 45 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 3 3 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 3 3 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 521 Total Number of Regulated Systems 514 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 74 Total Number of Systems in Violation 69 

Total Number of 

Violations 99* Total Number of Violations 98 

* The total number of violations in the report (99) differs 

from the calculated total (100). 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

North Dakota’s state reports are available by contacting: 

North Dakota Department of Health 

Division of Municipal Facilities 

918 E Divide Ave-3rd Floor 

Bismarck, ND 58501-1947 

Contact Name: LeeAnn Tillotson 

Telephone: (701) 328-5293 

Facsimile: (701) 328-5200 

E-mail: ltillots@nd.gov 

64
 
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 19 12 33 10 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 93 58 

Consumer Confidence Report 13 11 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0* 0* NR* NR* 34 17 

* MCL and Treatment Technique violations are combined in the SDWIS/FED Report. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 91 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 192 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

EPA did not receive the 2007 compliance report and generated data from SDWIS/FED. 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

65
 
State of Ohio 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 215 78* 1507 355* 

Total Coliform Rule 371 283 1427 941 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

54 17* 4 3* 

Lead and Copper Rule 4 4 104 98 

Consumer Confidence Report 53 52 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 124 48* 2 1 154 150* 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 217 79 1434 249 

Total Coliform Rule 334 200 1197 767 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

19 6 6 6 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 91 79 

Consumer Confidence Report 25 25 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR* NR* NR* NR* NR* NR* 

* Reported with Chemical Containment Group. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 5340 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1455 

Total Number of 

Violations 4,029* 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 5185 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1217 

Total Number of 

Violations 3324 

* The total number of violations in the report (4,029) differs 

from the calculated total (4,019). 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Ohio’s 2007 state report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

PWS Annual Compliance Report 

Ohio EPA — DDAGW 

P.O. Box 1049 

Columbus, OH 43216-1049 

Web site: http://www.epa.ohio.gov/ddagw/pws.aspx 

The 2008 state report did not provide information regarding public availability. 

66
 
State of Oklahoma 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 98 59* 352 43 

Total Coliform Rule 134 107 472 237* 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

93 34* 27 6 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 0 0 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 547 125 214 73 58 32 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1596 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 696 

Total Number of 

Violations 1995 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Oklahoma’s 2007 state report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Department of Environmental Quality 

Water Quality Division, 8th Floor 

707 N. Robinson 

Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677 

By mail: 

Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Division 

P.O. Box 1677 

Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677 

Web site: http://www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/pws/index.html 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

67
 
State of Oregon 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 22 14 1371 260 

Total Coliform Rule 203 163 1561 858 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

16 15 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 54 52 529 311 

Consumer Confidence Report 260 87 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 2 2 0 0 116 41 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2628 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1353 

Total Number of 

Violations 4134 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

The 2007 state report did not provide information regarding public availability. 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

68
 
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 218 106 5877 1393 

Total Coliform Rule 435 321 1879 1323 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

9 3 282 78 

Lead and Copper Rule 30 29 59 51 

Consumer Confidence Report 229 229 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 108 39* 25 12* 2718 849 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 198 93 4600 795 

Total Coliform Rule 442 375 1541 1141 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

3 2 246 64 

Lead and Copper Rule 20 20 176 170 

Consumer Confidence Report 211 211 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 69 33* 58 35* 1984 842* 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 9525 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 3,005* 

Total Number of 

Violations 14,083* 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 9435 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2,847* 

Total Number of 

Violations 13,003* 

* Includes public notification violations. Calculated total * Includes public notification violations. Calculated total 

number of violations is 11,869. number of violations is 9,548. 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Pennsylvania’s state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Department of Environmental Protection 

Bureau of Water Standards and Facility Regulation 

P.O. Box 8467, 11th Floor RCSOB 

Harrisburg, PA 17105-8467 

Telephone: (717) 787-5017 

Web site: http://www.dep.state.pa.us 

Keyword: drinking water 

69
 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 813 102* 

Total Coliform Rule 254 143* 1899 236 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

266 145 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 1 1 13 9 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 40 12 54 23 27 16* 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 413 54* 

Total Coliform Rule 246 152* 1891 242 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

183 134* 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 29 29 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 25 10 63 21 30 19* 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 509 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 3368 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 502 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 2880 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Puerto Rico’s reports are available by accessing the territory's web site or by contacting: 

Department of Health 

Public Water Supply Supervision Program 

Ponce de León Avenue, #431 Nacional Plaza 

9th Floor, Suite 903 

Hato Rey, Puerto Rico 00917 

Web site: http://www.salud.gov.pr 

70
 
State of Rhode Island 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 5* 5** 

Total Coliform Rule 80 48 35 32 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 18 16 

Consumer Confidence Report 4 4 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 7 3 0 0 2 2 

* With the exception of Nitrates and Nitrates, Inorganic Compounds are considered a single compound. 

** Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 7 6 15* 14** 

Total Coliform Rule 57 40 166 139 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 8 8 

Consumer Confidence Report 4 4 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 3 2 0 0 0 0 

* With the exception of Nitrates and Nitrates, Inorganic Compounds are considered a single compound. 

** Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 484 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 110 

Total Number of 

Violations 151 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 487 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 151 

Total Number of 

Violations 260 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Rhode Island's state reports are available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: 

Rhode Island Department of Health 

Office of Drinking Water Quality 

Three Capitol Hill 

Providence, RI 02908 

Telephone: (401) 222-6867 or Relay RI (TDD) at 711 

Web site: http://www.health.ri.gov/environment/dwq/index.php 

The report was also distributed to Rhode Island's public water systems, legislature, and public libraries. 

71
 
State of South Carolina 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 98 30 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 71 52 79 53 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

4 3 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 2 2 32 31 

Consumer Confidence Report 74 74 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR* NR* NR* NR* NR* NR* 

* Reported with Chemical Containment Group. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 75 64* 0 0 

Total Coliform Rule 62 62 66 53 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 5 2 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 35 35 

Consumer Confidence Report 16 16 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 25 15* 0 0 0 0 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1487 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 212 

Total Number of 

Violations 360 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1494 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 169 

Total Number of 

Violations 268* 

* The total number of violations in the report (268) differs from 

the calculated total (284). 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

South Carolina’s state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

SCDHEC’s Bureau of Water 

2600 Bull Street 

Columbia, SC 29201 

Contact Name: Bruce Bleau 

Telephone: (803) 898-4154 

Facsimile: (803) 898-3795 

E-mail: bleaubp@dhec.sc.gov 

Web site: http://www.scdhec.gov/water 

72
 
State of South Dakota 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 67 22 75 7 

Total Coliform Rule 40 26 40 32 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

1 1 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 11 11 

Consumer Confidence Report 32 31 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 3 2 19 19 13 9 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 70 22 237 17 

Total Coliform Rule 37 28 62 47 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

1 1 4 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 4 2 4 4 

Consumer Confidence Report 31 28 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 4 1 8 8 20 15 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 656 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 148* 

Total Number of 

Violations 301 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. * Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

South Dakota’s state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources 

Drinking Water Program, PMB-2020 

Joe Foss Building 

523 East Capitol Ave. 

Pierre, SD 57501 

Contact Name: Mark S. Mayer, P.E. 

Telephone: (605) 773-3754 

E-mail: mark.mayer@state.sd.us 

Web site: http://denr.sd.gov/des/dw/complianceinfo.aspx 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 658 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 159* 

Total Number of 

Violations 482 

73
 
State of Tennessee 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 0 0 194 13* 

Total Coliform Rule 40 40 107 79 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

29** 21** 38 26 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 1 1 

Consumer Confidence Report 21 21 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 45 18 0 0 80 48 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** Different values are presented in multiple tables. Values from the main summary table are shown here. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 897 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 194 

Total Number of 

Violations 555 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Tennessee's 2007 state report is available by accessing the state's web site: 

Web site: http://www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/DWprogram.shtml 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

74
 
State of Texas 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 676 184 NA** NA** 

Total Coliform Rule 80 80 880 514 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

55* 34* 99 40 

Lead and Copper Rule 15 13 7 7 

Consumer Confidence Report 120 120 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 597 194 NR NR NA** NA** 

* Values in tables differ from text. Values from text shown here. 

** In Texas, most sampling for chemical constituents is conducted by state employees or their agents. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 6804 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 2967 

Total Number of 

Violations 8,266* 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

* Total in report (8,266) differs from calculated total (2,529). 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Texas’ 2007 state report is available by contacting: 

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality 

Drinking Water Quality 

P.O. Box 13087 

Austin, TX 78711-3087 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

75
 
State of Utah 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 2269 269 

Total Coliform Rule 87 63 190 148 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

3 3 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 256 162 

Consumer Confidence Report 5 3 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 965 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 476 

Total Number of 

Violations 2811 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Utah’s 2007 state report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Utah Division of Drinking Water 

P.O. Box 144830 

Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4839 

Contact: Ken Bousfield, Director 

Telephone: (801) 536-4200 

Facsimile: (801) 539-4211 

E-mail: kbousfield@utah.gov 

Web site: http://www.drinkingwater.utah.gov 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

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State of Vermont 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 22 8 302 253* 

Total Coliform Rule 163 122 659 440* 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

2 2 7 6 

Lead and Copper Rule 46 45* 71 67* 

Consumer Confidence Report 48 48 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 64 25* 0 0 49 38 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 9 5 235 217* 

Total Coliform Rule 145 114* 408 292* 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

2 2 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 5 5 47 45* 

Consumer Confidence Report 85 85 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 45 18* 0 0 44 41* 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1366 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 662 

Total Number of 

Violations 1433 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1.323 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 556* 

Total Number of 

Violations 1,167* 

* May include minor and public notification violations. 

Calculated total number of violations is 1,025. 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

The state reports are available by contacting: 

Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation 

Vermont Water Supply Division 

103 South Main Street 

Waterbury, VT 05671-0403 

Telephone: (in state) (800) 823-6500 

Telephone: (out of state) (802) 241-3400 

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Virgin Islands 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 5 5 104 97 

Total Coliform Rule 40 32 172 88 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

NR NR NR NR 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 42 42 

Consumer Confidence Report 7 7 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 360 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation NR 

Total Number of 

Violations 370 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

The Virgin Islands' 2007 report is available by contacting: 

Department of Planning and Natural Resources 

Division of Environmental Protection 

Virgin Islands' report is also available at all public libraries, the University of the Virgin Islands’ (UVI) library, 

UVI’s Water Resource Research Institute, and at local laboratories. 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

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Commonwealth of Virginia 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 88 36 857 99 

Total Coliform Rule 295 194 685 448 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

6 3 20 9 

Lead and Copper Rule 159 137 31 29 

Consumer Confidence Report 81 67 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 47 16 58 34 45 43 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 2944 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 888* 

Total Number of 

Violations 2372 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

* May include systems violating only the public notification 

rule. 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Virginia’s 2007 state report is available by accessing the state’s web site: 

Web site: http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/drinkingwater/compliance/annualReport.htm 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

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State of Washington 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group NR NR NR NR 

Total Coliform Rule 451 335 807 546 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

85 25 11 5 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 253 253 

Consumer Confidence Report 223 223 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule NR NR NR NR NR NR 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 

Total Coliform Rule 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

Lead and Copper Rule 

Consumer Confidence Report 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 4193 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1172 

Total Number of 

Violations 1830 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 

Total Number of 

Violations 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Washington’s 2007 state report is available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Department of Health 

Office of Drinking Water 

P.O. Box 47822 

Olympia, WA 98504-7822 

Telephone: (800) 521-0323 

Web site: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/enforcement/enflink2.htm 

EPA anticipates receiving the 2008 compliance report in the near future. 

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State of West Virginia 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 2 1 3174 137 

Total Coliform Rule 19 16 425 222 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

9 9* 48 13 

Lead and Copper Rule 6 6 234 124 

Consumer Confidence Report 192 132 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 59 24 20 15 95 40 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 2 2 1749 163 

Total Coliform Rule 10 8 411 218 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

11 9 35 17 

Lead and Copper Rule 6 6 192 105 

Consumer Confidence Report 144 86 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 52 24 13 11 102 63 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1106 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 588* 

Total Number of 

Violations 5,861* 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 1313 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 591* 

Total Number of 

Violations 4319* 

* Includes public notification violations. Calculated total * Includes public notification violations. Calculated total 

number of violations is 4,283 number of violations is 2,727. 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

West Virginia’s state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

Web site: www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/c&e/reports.asp 

EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 1-800-426-4791 

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State of Wisconsin 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 226 68* 1000 324* 

Total Coliform Rule 337 361 521 444 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 4 4 15 15 

Consumer Confidence Report 21 21 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 3 NR 0 0 19 NR 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 92 36* 913 306* 

Total Coliform Rule 457 353 514 448 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

0 0 0 0 

Lead and Copper Rule 18 18 21 21 

Consumer Confidence Report 16 16 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 11 5 0 0 11 11 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 11493 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 1218 

Total Number of 

Violations 2146 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 11446 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 409 

Total Number of 

Violations 2053 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Wisconsin's state reports are available by contacting: 

Department of Natural Resources 

Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater 

P.O. Box 7921 

Madison, WI 53707 

Telephone: (608) 267-4230 

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State of Wyoming 2007/2008 PWS Compliance Report 

Violations for 2007 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 38 24 

Total Coliform Rule 51 44* 122 87 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

9** 7** 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule NR NR 14 11 

Consumer Confidence Report 3 3 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 0 0 0 0 7 5 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

** Values in summary tables differ from text. Values from text shown here. 

Violations for 2008 

Violations Category 

MCL Treatment Technique Significant Monitoring 

Systems in Systems in Systems in 

Violations Violation Violations Violation Violations Violation 

Chemical Contaminant Group 1 1 11 11 

Total Coliform Rule 48 35* 82 67 

Surface Water Treatment Rule, Interim 

Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, 

and Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 

8 5 1 1 

Lead and Copper Rule 0 0 21 20 

Consumer Confidence Report 0 0 

Disinfection Byproducts Rule 12 10* 0 0 2 2 

* Possible overcounting of violating systems. 

2007 2008 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 766 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 183 

Total Number of 

Violations 246 

Total Number of 

Regulated Systems 765 

Total Number of 

Systems in Violation 152 

Total Number of 

Violations 186 

Where to Obtain the 2007 and 2008 Annual State Public Water Systems Reports 

Wyoming’s state reports are available by accessing the state’s web site or by contacting: 

EPA Region 8 Environmental Information Service Center 

Telephone: (303) 312-6312 or (800) 227-8917 

E-mail: r8eisc@epa.gov 

Web site: http://www.epa.gov/region8/water/dwhome/wyomingdi.html 

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