#### Matter of the Application of William H. Nammack, for a Writ of Mandamus Directed to Frank L. Polk, President, Arthur J. O’Keefe, R. Ross Appleton, Composing Municipal Civil Service Commission of the City of New York.*

(Supreme Court, New York Special Term,

March, 1910.)

Coroners — Powers — Removal of coroners’ physicians in Greater New York.

Municipal corporations — Officers and agents: In general — Pilling vacancies—Coroner’s physician: Resignation, removal, discharge and suspension — Power of removal of officials of Greater New York — Coroner’s physician.

Officers — Eligibility, qualification, accession and tenure — Resignation, removal, suspension or forfeiture — Power to remove — Where no definite term is prescribed. ,

Where a statute prescribes no definite term of office, a person appointed to the office is not for that reason necessarily subject to removal at any time at the pleasure of his superior.

The term of a coroner’s physician appointed pursuant to the Greater New York charter of 1901 is not coterminous with the term of the coroner appointing him; nor is he subject to removal except under the conditions specified in the Civil Service Law.

Application for writ of mandamus. The opinion states the case.

John J. Curtin, for petitioner.

Archibald R. Watson, (Elliot S. Benedict, of counsel), for respondents.

Alfred J. Talley, not appearing but submitting brief in behalf of Doctors Frey and Shoennenberg by permission of Court.

*

See 65 Misc. Rep. 233.

Gerard, J.

By section 1570. of the Greater New York charter it was provided that three coroners should be elected *524in the borough of Queens. At the general election held in 1897, these three coroners were elected. Section 1769 of the Laws of 1882, chapter 410, relating to the then city of blew York (Consol. Act), was continued in force by section 1571 of the Greater blew York charter and provided as follows: “ Each coroner of said city shall, on assuming office, appoint a qualified physician, who shall be a resident in said city and shall be known as a *e*coroner’s physician.’ Any vacancy in the office of coroner’s physician shall be filled by the board of coroners. The board of coroners, for cause, may remove physicians appointed by them.” On about January 1, 1898, pursuant to the above laws Doctor bTammack was duly appointed a coroner’s physician by Coroner Philip T. Cronin. Doctors Flynn and Strong were appointed by the other two coroners. In April, 1908, the position of coroner’s physician was placed under the Civil Service Law in the competitive class by the Municipal Civil Service Commission, and has since remained in that class. The first question to determine is what is the tenure of office of a coroner’s physician under the above laws and under the above orders of the Municipal Civil Service Board. Mr. Justice Garretson, in determining this question as to the status of coroner’s physician in the borough of Queens, has held that the position of coroner’s physician is coterminus with that of the coroner appointing him. I cannot agree-with this conclusion, although Mr. Justice Gfeenbáum has made a similar statement in People ex rel. Whitman v. Goldenkranz, 38 Misc. Rep. 682. People ex rel. Schulum v. Harburger, 132 App. Div. 260, is not in. point, because in that case the appointment of a private clerk to the coroner is authorized by section 12 of the Civil Service Law, which entitled elective judicial officers to appoint one clerk who shall be in the exempt class, and the Appellate Division, of course, decided that such an appointment was personal to the officer making the appointment and ' died when he ceased to hold office. This is not the ease here, for the position of coroner’s physician is not in the exempt class, and no point has been made as to the authority or want of authority of the Municipal Civil Service Board to place this position in the competitive class. By section 166 of the *525Judiciary Law (originally Laws of 1895, chap. 553, sec. 5, as amd.) it is provided that “ Each of the justices of the Supreme Court of the First Judicial District shall appoint and at pleasure remove four attendants upon the court. Each of said attendants may also be removed by the Appellate Division, but not until he has been informed of the cause of the proposed removal and has been allowed an opportunity to make an explanation.” The State Civil Service Board placed three of these positions in the competitive class, allowing one as an exempt position, and it has universally been recognized by the judgments of this department that in spite of the words “ at pleasure remove ” (much stronger than the case at bar) when the appointments in the competitive class were once made, even after the judge who made the appointment ceased to hold office, the appointees continued in office and were charged against his successor, who could only make one exempt or confidential appointment (and must fill any vacancies from the civil service list, and could not remove any appointee of his predecessor in office except the one in the exempt class). Where a statute prescribes no definite term of office the person appointed for that office is not subject to removal at any time at the pleasure of his superior; such a statute must be construed in connection with the Civil Service Law, which also applies and prohibits the removal of the office holder except under the conditions specified in the law, if the office comes under the Civil Service Law. People ex rel. Hoefle v. Cahill, 188 N. Y. 489. In 1901 by Laws of 1901, chapter 466, the number of coroners in Queens borough was reduced to two after December 31, 1901, nevertheless all three above named doctors continued acting as coroner’s physicians for the borough of Queens and drew the salary of the position up to January 1, 1907, when Doctor Strong resigned. This resignation of Doctor Strong disposed of the difficulty that in some way one of the coroner’s physicians in Queens borough must vacate the office. There were legally two coroners and two lawfully appointed coroner’s physicians — Doctors Hammack and Flynn — neither of whom, in my opinion, could be deprived of their office without a compliance with the Civil Service Law and the provision *526of law relative to veteran volunteer firemen, and whose terms, in my opinion, were not coterminus with the .term of the coroner appointing them. The relator is a veteran volunteer fireman and has never, if my view of the law is correct, been legally removed from office. Settle order in accordance with above opinion.

Ordered accordingly.