APPENDIX 2

Supplementary Information on 

U.S. Depository Institutions and Other Financial Service Firms
Table A.2.a

Failed Federally Insured Depository Institutions: 1980-1995

Number, Assets, and Resolution Costs

Failed Commercial and Savings Banks Failed Savings and Loans Failed Credit Unions

Year Number Assets Costs Number Assets Costs Number Shares Costs

($ Millions) ($ Millions) ($ Millions) ($ Millions) ($ Millions) ($ Millions)

1980 10 237 30 11 1,458 167 239 NA 33

1981 10 4,859 589 28 13,908 1,018 349 136 44

1982 42 11,632 1,271 76 27,748 1,213 327 156 79

1983 48 7,207 1,521 54 19,655 1,024 253 102 55

1984 79 3,276 2,292 27 5,783 833 130 208 20

1985 120 8,337 850 36 7,066 1,025 94 47 12

1986 145 7,638 1,728 51 24,182 3,605 94 116 29

1987 203 9,231 2,028 47 10,921 4,509 88 327 52

1988 221 52,683 6,866 222 113,965 52,203 85 297 33

1989 207 29,402 6,215 327 146,811 51,140 114 285 74

1990 169 15,729 2,889 213 134,766 21,473 164 339 49

1991 127 62,524 6,037 144 82,626 10,823 130 267 77

1992 122 45,485 3,707 59 45,980 4,741 114 223 107

1993 41 3,527 655 9 6,339 532 71 265 20

1994 13 1,402 208 2 142 14 33 255 36

1995 6 753 104 2 456 66 26 545 13

Total 1,563 263,922 36,990 1,308 641,806 154,386 2,311 3,568 733

 

SOURCE: Barth and Brumbaugh (1994b); Bartholomew and Whalen (1995); Federal Deposit Insurance Co rporation (1996); Wai (1995); and information supplied personally by Tun Wai, Kenneth

Ryder and Eric Hirschhorn.
Table A.2.b

Percentage Distribution of U.S. Financial Assets

by All Financial Service Firms: 1950-1995

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1993 1995

Depository Institutions 1

Commercial Banks 51.2 38.2 38.6 34.3 27.7 25.1 24.9

U.S.-Chartered 50.5 37.5 36.6 29.3 22.0 19.1 18.4

Foreign Offices in U.S. 0.4 0.6 0.7 2.3 3.0 3.4 3.7

Bank Holding Companies 0.0 0.0 1.1 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6

Banks in U.S. Possessions 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Savings Institutions 13.4 18.7 18.7 18.3 11.4 6.7 5.7

Savings and Loans 5.8 11.8 12.8 14.4 9.1 NA NA 6 6

Savings Banks 7.6 6.9 5.9 3.9 2.2 NA NA 6 6

Credit Unions 0.3 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7

Contractual Intermediaries

Life Insurance Companies 21.3 19.4 15.0 10.7 11.4 11.6 11.6

Other Insurance Companies 4.0 4.4 3.7 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.1

Private Pension Funds 2.4 6.4 8.4 11.7 13.6 15.2 14.6 2

State and Local Government Retirement Funds

1.7 3.3 4.5 4.5 6.1 6.9 7.7

Others

Finance Companies 3.2 4.6 4.8 4.7 5.1 4.3 4.6

Mortgage Companies NA NA NA 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Mutual Funds 1.1 2.9 3.5 1.4 5.0 9.3 10.3 3

Money Market Mutual Funds 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 4.1 3.6 4.1

Closed-End Funds NA NA NA 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7

Security Brokers and Dealers 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 2.2 3.0 3.1

REIT's 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4

Issuers of Asset Backed Securities 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 3 3.7

Bank Personal Trusts NA NA NA 5.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 5

Total Assets ($ Billions) 294 597 1,340 5,910 12,017 15,387 18,352

SOURCE: Flow of Funds Accounts, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (various issues).

NOTES: 1. Commercial Banks consist of U.S. chartered commercial banks, domestic affiliates, Edge Act corporations, agencies and offices in U.S. 

Possession. Foreign banking offices in U.S. include Edge Act corporations and offices of foreign banks. IBF's are excluded from domestic 

banking and treated like branches in foreign countries. Savings and loan associations include all savings and loan associations and federal

savings banks insured by the Savings Association Insurance Fund. Savings banks include all federal and mutual savings banks insured by 

the Bank Insurance Fund.

2. Private pension funds include Federal Employees' Retirement Thrift Savings Fund.

3. Mutual funds are open-end investment companies (including unit investment trusts) that report to the Investment Company Institute.

4. REIT's are real estate investment trusts.

5. Bank personal trusts are assets of individuals managed by bank trust departments and nondeposit noninsured trust companies.

6. The Flow of Funds Accounts were restructured in the second quarter of 1993, thereby omitting this breakdown.
Table A.2.c

Percentage Distribution of Number and Assets of U.S. Commercial Banks, Savings Institutions, and Credit Unions: 1980-1995*

Year Total & Agencies of

BIF Insured NCUSIF Insured

U.S. Commercial Banks Credit Unions U.S. Branches

Foreign Banks

BIF

Insured

Savings

Banks

SAIF Insured Institutions

Savings and Loan Savings

Associations Banks

National State State Federal State State Federal State

Member Nonmember Charter Charter Charter Charter Charter

Number Percentage

1980 33,660 12.09 2.68 24.59 0.91 0.89 5.42 5.58 0.00 34.80 13.30

1981 36,212 12.30 2.81 24.81 0.94 0.93 5.43 5.41 0.00 33.80 13.57

1982 35,525 12.69 2.90 25.03 1.12 0.91 5.17 4.88 0.00 33.03 14.27

1983 34,687 13.59 3.01 25.24 1.27 0.84 4.65 4.46 0.25 32.28 14.41

1984 33,839 14.25 3.11 25.35 1.37 0.81 4.45 4.33 0.53 31.72 14.08

1985 33,276 14.91 3.22 25.28 1.41 0.80 4.34 4.43 0.78 31.01 13.81

1986 33,274 14.78 3.27 24.83 1.47 1.32 4.13 4.53 1.10 29.84 14.73

1987 32,625 14.54 3.37 24.68 1.56 1.39 4.06 1.30 1.43 29.32 15.36

1988 31,554 14.23 3.40 24.70 1.66 1.49 3.87 4.14 1.79 29.39 15.33

1989 30,513 14.03 3.40 24.97 1.79 1.54 3.50 3.82 2.29 29.38 15.28

1990 29,086 13.96 3.50 25.51 1.96 1.58 2.73 3.11 2.59 29.77 15.28

1991 28,402 13.79 3.48 25.51 2.09 1.59 2.21 2.71 2.88 29.49 16.25

1992 27,489 13.45 3.46 25.57 2.15 1.62 2.05 2.43 2.85 29.38 17.05

1993 26,338 13.07 3.68 25.67 2.21 1.56 1.90 1.80 2.90 29.63 17.58

1994 25,626 12.42 3.77 25.52 2.20 1.54 1.78 1.51 3.89 29.55 17.81

1995 24,633 11.94 4.04 25.30 2.22 NA 4.82 1.18 2.45 30.09 17.96

Assets ($B) Percentage

1980 2,656 38.97 12.76 14.01 4.63 5.65 12.46 9.49 0.00 1.36 0.68

1981 2,951 38.33 12.88 14.13 5.79 5.25 12.30 9.18 0.00 1.39 0.75

1982 3,146 38.30 12.46 14.43 6.01 4.99 14.30 6.64 0.00 1.46 0.76

1983 3,433 38.60 12.29 14.36 6.20 4.31 14.16 6.64 1.17 1.49 0.79

1984 3,792 37.79 11.76 14.00 6.72 3.61 13.58 8.02 2.14 1.61 0.76

1985 4,123 37.06 11.38 13.92 7.01 3.42 13.05 8.73 2.79 1.79 0.85

1986 4,536 36.35 11.11 13.65 7.34 3.77 11.90 8.91 3.97 1.94 1.06

1987 4,902 35.03 10.73 13.61 8.81 4.04 10.69 8.45 5.39 2.12 1.14

1988 5,229 34.46 10.35 13.60 9.24 4.38 10.14 8.22 6.31 2.16 1.15

1989 5,496 34.52 10.01 13.77 9.73 4.33 9.12 6.22 9.02 2.15 1.13

1990 5,427 36.54 10.43 14.91 10.69 4.27 5.73 3.98 9.86 2.36 1.23

1991 5,381 36.50 10.65 15.57 12.04 4.05 4.76 2.79 9.57 2.60 1.47

1992 5,433 36.35 11.26 15.66 13.01 3.74 3.33 2.28 9.83 2.87 1.66

1993 5,492 36.56 12.53 15.48 12.71 4.62 2.82 1.69 8.67 3.08 1.84

1994 5,902 36.92 13.88 15.03 12.10 4.37 2.44 1.20 9.15 3.07 1.85

1995 6,285 36.58 15.02 14.75 12.65 NA 11.71 0.68 3.82 3.02 1.77

SOURCE: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (1980 through 1995).

* The table includes institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) -- Bank Insurance Fund (BIF) and Savings Association Insurance Fund (SAIF) -- the former Federal Savings and Loan Insurance 

Corporation (FSLIC) and the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund (NCUSIF). 
Table A.2.d

Ownership Structure of U.S. Commercial Banks: 1980-1993

1980 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

Independent

 Number 9,482 8,708 7,693 6,646 5,703 5,904 4,589 4,230 3,969 3,746 3,545 3,358 3,182 2,920

 Assets ($B) 405 383 330 281 247 225 212 203 201 209 204 229 240 215

 Share of Total Assets 21.82 18.89 15.08 12.02 9.87 8.28 7.26 6.84 6.53 6.43 6.11 6.77 6.94 5.86

OBHC

 Number 2,546 3,119 3,828 4,488 4,958 5,082 4,983 4,934 4,905 4,907 4,896 4,914 4,878 4,635

 Assets ($B) 786 914 914 613 587 567 526 500 533 591 613 682 727 700

 Share of Total 42.35 45.07 41.77 26.23 23.46 20.86 18.01 16.84 17.31 18.18 18.35 20.16 21.02 19.09

OSMBHC

 Number 324 355 418 518 671 806 856 837 807 783 764 722 673 630

 Assets ($B) 580 523 671 714 658 667 543 442 385 348 415 328 287 257

 Number of Banks 2,122 2,300 2,604 2,932 3,253 3,359 3,203 2,916 2,670 2,491 2,439 2,220 2,014 1,891

 Share of Total 31.25 25.79 30.67 30.55 26.30 24.54 18.60 14.89 12.50 10.70 12.42 9.70 8.30 7.01

MSMBHC

 Number 16 18 21 33 53 65 100 132 143 160 171 174 177 190

 Assets ($B) 85 208 273 729 1,010 1,259 1,639 1,824 1,960 2,103 2,109 2,144 2,205 2,495

 Number of Banks 279 277 284 317 465 720 1,252 1,438 1,403 1,403 1,313 1,295 1,277 1,424

 Share of Total 4.58 10.25 12.48 31.20 40.37 46.32 56.13 61.43 63.66 64.69 63.12 63.37 63.77 68.04

SOURCE: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.

NOTES: OBHC = One-Bank Holding Company; OSMBHC = One-State Multi-Bank Holding Company; MSMBHC = Multi-State Multi-Bank Holding Company.