### P. 1



# OAR Box 1850

Prepped byOllie Stewart



# Document

Number: 

# 72 ) IV-B- 2

Docket Number: 

# A-90-0 7

Printed 11/18/2008 11:09:28 AM Sheet 72 of 161

# $

A\ UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA LPROTECTIO N AGENC Y P. 2 

# /MO-0 7

% ^ AN N ARBOR

. MICHIGA N 4810 5

OFFIC E O F AI R AN O RADIATIO N 

# FE B 

# 0 7 193

4

MEMORANDU M

SUBJECT : Engine-ou t versu s Tailpip e Emission s i n Light

dut yVehicle s

FROM : Stephe n Mayotte , Chemica l Enginee r f iM ; - M

Specia l Regulator yProject s Branc htyC /''w*

-

TO : Docke t A-90-0 7 S\ ^

THRU : Judit hGray , Senio r Projec t Manage r ^'Isj&^u \/ / /

Specia l Regulator yProject s Brancly^^ / (_y

Th e tailpip e (post-catalyst ) emission s o f warmed-up
, normall y operatin g vehicle s ar e mainl ycomprise d o f onl ya doze n o r s o prominen t hydrocarbo n species

. Th e us e o f suc hemission s fo r inhaicitio n exposur e testin g i n th e Fuel s an d Fue l Additive s (F/FA ) progra mwoul d therefor e no t b e expecte d t o ascertai n th e potentia l toxicologica l effect s o f hundred s o f othe r hydrocarbo n specie s whic har e commonl yrelease d int o th e atmospher e b ynorma l vehicle s durin g th e col d star t perio d an d b ymalfunctionin g (high-emitting ) vehicles

.

Th e attache d analysi s wa s conducte d t o determin e th e suitabilit yo f usin g engine-ou t (non-catalyzed ) emission s a s a surrogat e fo r col d star t an d high-emitte r emission s withi n th e biologica l testin g program

. Th e analysi s use s dat a fro m th e Auto/Oi l Ai r Qualit yImprovemen t Researc hProgra ma s wel l a s dat a fro mEPA' s Reformulate d Gasolin e Tes t Program

. I n all
, i t include s Federa l Tes t Procedur e (FTP ) dat a fro mtwent ylight-dut yvehicle s runnin g o n fuel s representin g industr yaverag e gasoline

. Th e result s sho wa hig hdegre e o f overla p betwee n engine-ou t hydrocarbo n emission s an d th e tailpip e emission s o f high-emittin g vehicle s and/o r norma l vehicle s durin g th e col d start

. Thus
, fro m thi s perspective
, th e engine-ou t approac hdoe s appea r t o offe r a reasonabl e metho d fo r generatin g th e anima l tes t exposure s whic h th e F/F Aprogra mrequires

.

Attachmen t

### P. 3



# Engine-ou tversu s Tailpip eEmission s i nLight-dutyVehicle s

Give nth ebenefit s of

modernemissio ncontro l technology
, th etoxi c ai r pollutant s attributabl et o automobil eexhaus t ar ethough t

t o com epredominantl y fro mtw o sources : malfunctionin g vehicle s ("hig hemitters" ) an dnorma l vehicle s durin g th ecol dstart period
, whe nth eengin erun s richan dth ecatalyti c converte r ha s no t ye t reache deffectiv e temperature

. Th eemission s fro mthes etw o importan t source s ar eno t

wel l represente db y ho t catalyze dexhaus t

generate dfromcontinuously-operating
, well-maintaine dvehicles

.

Fo r inhalatio ntoxicity testin g conducte di ncomplianc ewithth eFuel s an dFue l Additive s Registratio nprogram , it i s importan t

that th eanima l exposur eatmosphere s contai nth eappropriat erang eof emissio nspecies

. Recen t speciate dhydrocarbo n(HC ) exhaus t emissio ndat aproduce db y th eAuto/Oi l Ai r Quality Improvemen t

Researc h Progra m(Auto/Oil) 1 

# ' 2

# an db y th eEPA 3 

# provid eabasi s for determinin g ho w wel l th e col dstart an dhigh-emitte r

source s canb esimulate dusin g engine-ou t (noncatalyzed ) emission s i nlie u o f

catalyze dtailpip eemissions

.

T o examin eth edegre eo f similarity betwee nengine-ou t emissions
, col dstart tailpip eemissions, 4

# an dhigh-emitte r tailpip eemissions
, thre eke y analyse s hav ebeen conducted

. Th efirs t

analysi s compare dengine-ou t an dcold-start

tailpip eHC s produce d b y thre enormal-emittin g vehicle s fromth eAuto/Oi l study

. Th esecon danalysi s compare d th esam ethre evehicles ' engine-ou t HC s t o th ecold-start

tailpip eHC s produce db y te n nonnal-emittin g vehicle s use di nanEP Astudy

. Th ethir danalysi s compare dth esam e engine-ou t

emission s t o th etailpip eemission s o f seve nhigh-emittin g vehicle s include d i nth eAuto/Oi l study

. Durin g emissio ntestin g al l vehicle s wer eoperate do nacommo n industry averag egasolin eformul a(Auto/Oil' s RF Afuel)

.

A naverag eweigh t

percen t o f tota l H C for

eac hexhaus t

constituen t

wa s calculate d for th ethree-
, seven- , an dten-vehicl e fleets

. Maximu man dminimu mweigh t percen t value s wer ecalculate di norde r t o determin eemissio nvariability an dt o establis harang e

1 

# "Effects o

f GasolineCompositiononVehicleEngine-Ou t an dTailpip eHydrocarbon Emission s - TheAuto/Oil Air Qualit y Improvemen

t researchProgram " - SA

E#920329

.

2

# AQIRP' s Technica

l Bulletin#11
, " AStud

y O f Fuel Effects O

nEmission s FromHig

h Emitting Vehicles " - Decembe r 1992

.

3 

# EPA' s RefonnulatedGasolinePhas eIITest Progra m

4

# Representedby emission s collectedduring thefirst segmen t o f the Federa

l Test Procedure
, i.e.
, FT PBa g 1 emissions

.

### P. 4



# of expecte demission s for

eac hexhaus t

constituent

. Summary dat afro mthes eanalyses
, displaye di nTable s 1-6 at th een do f

thi s report , sho w that

engine-ou t

emission s closel y simulat ebothcol dstart

tailpip eemission s an dhigh-emittin g vehicl etailpip eemissions

. Th ecompositio nweigh t percen t range s foun di nth eengine-out
, col dstart , an dhig h emitte r case s overlappe dfor

nearl y al l o f

th emeasure dH C species. 5



# Tabl e1 summarize s th eaverag eengine-ou t an dtailpip eH C emission s for th ethre e normal-emittin g vehicle s teste db y Auto/Oil

. Thi s tabl eha s beensorte di ndescendin g orde r o nth eweigh t

percen t o f engine-ou t

emission s for

th efirs t vehicl elisted

. Severa l ke y observation s ar eevident :

• Th etailpip eemission s for eac hvehicl edeclin egreatly
, bothi ntota l exhaus t mas s
an di nth enumbe r

o f constituents
, a s th evehicl ewarm s up

. Thi s canb esee nb y comparin g Ba g 1 tailpip eemission s t o thos efro mBa g 2 an dBa g 3

. Th eEP Adat a i nTabl e2 support s thi s observation

.

• Adoze no r

fewer compound s accoun t

for approximatel y 9 9 wt % of th ewarme d

u p vehicle' s H C emission s (se eth ehighlighte dBa g 2 species)

.

• Fo r an y give nvehicle
, th eengine-ou t emission s for

th ethre ebag s ar esimilar i n composition
, thoug hth etota l engine-ou t H C mas s decline s a s th eengin ewarm s up

. Engine-ou t

emissio ncomposition s ar eals o similar betwee nth ethre evehicles
, eve n thoug hthe y hav edifferent emissio ncontro l equipment

.

• Compariso nacros s al l thre evehicle s o f "warm " engine-ou t

emission s (Ba g 2 ) vs

. th ecold-start

tailpip eemission s (Ba g 1 ) show s that th elarg emajority o f

th e engine-ou t

H C specie s als o occur s i nth ecold-start tailpip eexhaust

. A s discusse d below
, th enumbe r

o f "extra " specie s presen t

i nth eengine-ou t

emission s drop s t o onl y fiv ewhe nth eemission s o f th ete nadditiona l vehicle s i nth eEP Astudy are include di nth eanalysis

.

Tabl e3 provide s Federa l Tes t Procedur e(FTP ) Composit especiate dH C emission s for eac ho f th evehicl efleet s include di nth eanalysis
, i.e.
, th ethre enormal-emittin g vehicle s fro mth eAuto/Oi l study that wer epresente di nTabl e1 (includin g bothengine-ou t

5 

# Themajo

r exceptioninall case s was methane

. Methaneweigh t percen t fo r bot hthecold star t andhighemitter s was approximately threetime s highe r tha nthecorresponding engine-out weigh t percent

. Ontheothe

r hand
, themas s o

f Ba g 1 engine-out

H C emission s wa s abou

t 3- 4 time s highe

r tha nthemas s o

f Bag 1 coldstar

t tailpip eemissions

. A s aresult
, thetota l mas s o f methaneremainedfairl

y constan t befor ean dafte r thecatalyti c converter

.

### P. 5



# an dtailpip eHCs)
, th ete nnormal-emittin g vehicle s i nth eEP Astudy (tailpip eemission s only)
, an dth eseven-vehicl efleet of hig hemitter s fromth eAuto/Oi l study (tailpip e emission s only)

. Fo r

eac hof thes efleets
, th etabl eshow s th eminimu man dmaximu m weigh t percen t for eac ho f 14 9 chemica l specie s that th eAuto/Oi l an dEP Aspeciatio n profile s hav ei ncommon

.

Revie w o f

th edat ai nTabl e3 indicate s that th eFT Pcomposit eengine-ou t emission s ar ecompositionall y very similar t o th ecomposit etailpip eemission s fro mboth

norma l an dhigh-emittin g vehicles

. Becaus eengine-ou t emission s ar esimilar

i nal l phase s
o f th eFTP
, th ecomposit eengine-ou t speciatio ndat acanvalidl y represen t th evariety of emission s whic hwoul doccu r i nacontinuousl y runnin g vehicl e(generall y represente dby Ba g 2 alone)

. Moreover
, th ecomposit edat ao ntailpip eemission s canvalidl y represen t th erang eo f

constituent s i ncold-start (Ba g 1 ) emissions
, sinc eal l th especie s i nBag s 2

an d3 als o occu r

i nBa g 1

. Thus
, Tabl e3 demonstrate s ahig hdegre eo f overlap betwee n th eengine-ou t

emission s fro mwarmed-up vehicle s o nth eon ehand
, an dth etailpip e emission s durin g th enorma l col dstart an dfro mhig hemitter s o nth eothe r hand

.

Tabl e4 support s thi s conclusio nb y examinin g th ecase s wher eth eengine-ou t an d tailpip eemission s differ

. Part Ao f Tabl e4 display s fiv eH C specie s that wer eth eonl y component s identifie di nth eengine-ou t emission s that

wer eabsen t

fro mth etailpip e emission s o f

al l o f th enormal-emittin g vehicle s studied

. Thes efiv econstituent s accoun t for onl y 0.1 6 weigh t

percen t of th eaverag etota l engine-ou t emissions

. Analysi s of

th e high-emittin g vehicl edat ashowe dthat thes efiv especie s wer epresen t i nhig hemitte r tailpip eexhaust

. Th eimplicatio nof thes efinding s t o healtheffect s testin g i s that th eus e
of engine-ou t

emission s i s no t

expecte dt o introduc easignificant amoun t o f ne w H C specie s that

woul dno t

alread y b efoun di nth etailpip eemission s o f som evehicles

.

Part s B an dC o f

Tabl e4 addres s th epossibility that engine-ou t

emission s migh t under-represen t

tailpip eemissions

. Part B highlight s si x speice s presen t onl y i nth e emission s o f

th ehigh-emittin g vehicles

. Together
, thes especie s accoun t for amaximu m
of onl y 0.25 4 weigh t

percent

. I nPart

C
, 1 3 chemica l specie s ar eliste dthat wer epresen t i nth etailpip eemission s o f som eo f th evehicle s studie dbu t absen t i nth eengine-ou t emissions

. Th etota l averag eweigh t percen t of thes e1 3 specie s accounte dfor onl y 0.4 3 percen t of th etota l tailpip eemission s o f th eten-vehicl eEP Afleet

. Therefore
, th e majority o f

tailpip eemission s appear s t o b ewel l represente db y engine-ou t emissions

.

Fo r healtheffect s testin g purposes , emission s wil l b egenerate dfromavehicl ethat

run s continuousl y for

severa l hour s pe r

day

. Th eemissio nstreamuse di nhealtheffect s testin g woul dthu s appear t o b emos t

closel y approximate db y Ba g 2 emissions
, whe nth e vehicl ei s warme dup

. T o se eho w wel l engine-ou t Ba g 2 emission s represen t col dstart tailpip eemissions
, Tabl e5 compare s thes etw o emissio nsource s usin g th eAuto/Oi l dat a

# P. 6



# fro mtheflee t o f thre e normal-emitting vehicles

. Theresult s show a noverla p betweenthe engine-out andtailpip eemissionrange s fo r most o f themeasuredHC species

. In2 3 o f 2 9 case s wher

etherange s didnot

overla p (highlightedinthetable)
, theemissionrange s
arewithin0.3 6 weigh

t percent o f eachother

. Therefore
, theBa g 2 engine-out

emission s
ar equitesimila

r t o col dstar

t tailpip eemissions

.

Tabl e6 display s asimila r analysi s betweenengine-out Ba g 2 emission s fro

m normal-emitting vehicle s andcomposit ehighemitte

r tailpip eemissions

. A s inthe previou s case , therange s fo r most o f theHC specie s overlap
, and1 7 o f the non

overlapping range s wer

ewithin0.3 6 weigh

t percent o f eachother

.

Inconclusion
, engine-out

emission s appea

r to b eareasonabl esurrogat efo r high

emittin g vehicl eemission s andcoldstar t emissions
, an

dthu s ca

nb econsidered appropriatefo

r anima l exposur etesting intheFuel s andFuel Additive s Program

. The similarit y of theengine-out

emission s to thecoldstar t tailpip eemission s o

f differen t vehicl etype s along wit

htheir similarit y to highemitte

r tailpip eexhaus t

ma y als o reduc e theneedto tes t

avehicl eflee

t comprisedo

f differen t technology type s andemitter classes

.TABL E 1 : Auto/Oi l Taitpip e vs

. Engine-ou t Emission s tor th e IndustryAverag e Gasoline

. wt %

Speciate d Compoun d

Ethene-v-i'ij To&iene : : : ' ;.j £.-j ; Ethyn e mAp-Xyien e Propone'': : !sW::&; ; £ ; Baravrio &% ; \s.'il-• •^l^S.';": '
HETHAW^^^SKXCV

- FORUALOEHYD E E-Benzen e 2t*Pentan e C 7 o-Xyten e 1,2,4-TM-Benzen e 2M-Prapen e 2M-fiutan o C 6 2A4-TM4>*nwn e C S 1M-3E-Benzen e Sutai wC 4 Pentane

- C 5 Ethan e " " C 2 1,3-Butadien e 3M-Pentan e Hexan e ACETALDEHYD E Styren e 2.3,4-TM-Pentan e BENZALDEHYD E 1-Butan e t-2-Buten e 2,3-DM-Butan e ACROLEI N £3-DM-Pentan e 1,3,5-TM-Benzen e 1 U-4E-Benzen e 3M'Hexan e 2U-2-Buten e 2M-Hexan e 2^-OM-Butan e 1 E-2M-Benzen e Heptan e 3M-Heptan e 2,4-DM-Octan e 2.4-DM-Pentan e U-Cycfopentan e 2M-1,3-Butadien e 2*4- 1 butan e 2M-Heptan e Cydopentadbn e 1,2,3-TM-Benzen e t-2-Penten e 2,4-DM-Hexan e n-PropBenzen e n-ButBenzen e 2.3-DM-Hexan e Octan e ACETON E Naphthalen e CROTONALDEHYDE

Tota l o fto p 12 ; T P species :

Note : E O = Enain e Ou t Er r 199 1 Camaro

, S.7 LPFI
, EGR

, Air
, 3WOX

. 3 1 Ba g E O

10.4 9 6.5 8 6.1 1 5.9 3 5.4 9 4.5 3 2.9 3 2.7 8 2.5 6 2.2 1 2.0 4 2.0 3 1.9 8 1.8 4 1.7 8 1.5 9 1.5 1 1.3 9 1.2 2 1.1 3 1.1 2 1.0S 1.0 8 0.9 7 0.9 3 0.9 1 0.8 4 0.7 7 0.7 6 0.7 3 0.7 2 0.6 8 0.6 7 0.6 6 0.6 3 0.6 3 0.6 1 0.5 9 0.5 5 0.5 3 0. 5 i 0.4 9 0.4 7 0.4 3 0.4 3 0.4 2 0.4 1 0.3 9 0.3 8 0.3 8 0.3 8 0.3 7 0.3 3 0.3 1 0.3 0 0.2 7 0.2 7

issions
, T P T P

9.4 0 5.3 9 2.4 8 5.1 9 4.1 4 3.8 7 11.5 7 1.9 0 £2 7 3.0 9 1.7 6 1.7 0 1.3 4 3.3 5 2.5 1 1.4 0 4.7 9 2.6 5 3.7 2 0.7 8 1.6 2 1.5 5 0.9 9 0.5 5 1.2 0 0.4 2 0.7 6 0.4 7 1.0 9 0.4 2 1.0 1 0.6 0 0.5 9 0.8 5 0.6 4 0.8 4 1.1 4 0.5 9 0.5 6 0.6 6 0.4 1 0.6 4 0.6 3 0.3 9 0.3 1 0.4 4 0.3 7 0.3 2 0.3 7 0.4 2 0.3 6 0.5 1 0.2 6 0.4 8 0.4 2 0.2 0 0.0 0

-Tailp i Ba g 2

E O

11.1 3 6.3 5 7.3 3 5.5 9 5.5 1 4.7 0 3.3 7 3.8 8 2.4 4 2.1 0 1.9 0 1.9 9 2.0 4 1.9 2 1.7 3 1.5 5 2.0 1 1.42 1.44 1.1 4 1.1 0 1.0 2 1.0 6 0.8 6 0.8 7 0.9 1 0.8 4 0.7 3 0.7 1 0.6 7 0.6 9 0.6 7 0.6 6 0.6 1 0.6 5 0.6 0 0.6 4 0.5 8 0.4 1 0.4 8 0.4 3 0.4 8 0.4 6 0.4 0 0.4 7 0.3 6 0.4 1 0.3 4 0.3 8 0.3 5 0.3 8 0.4 6 0.2 1 0.2 9 0.3 2 0.1 9 0.2 6

ip e emrasi c T P

•.:••:::;. •0.0 0 0 7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 00 0 00 0 

## mjzs9 miiAZTZ 0.0 0 00 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 

### 0. W
o-o n 0.0 0 3:7 8


### o.oo ; 173 8 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.2 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 02 8 0.0 0 0.0 0

9 6 7 6

ns

. 0 0 m i

Ba g 3 E O

10.9 8 6.1 9 7.2 0 5.4 7 5.4 5 4.6 0 3.3 5 3.3 3 £4 0 2.2 7 1.8 4 1.7 5 £0 5 £4 2 1.7 0 1.4 6 3.8 7 1.6 5 1.3 6 0.9 9 1.1 3 1.0 5 0.9 8 0.7 4 0.8 6 0.8 3 0.7 7 0.7 6 0.7 7 0.6 3 0.6 8 0.6 3 0.6 3 0.6 3 0.6 7 0.5 8 0.6 3 0.4 9 0.3 8 0.4 9 0.4 2 0.4 5 0.4 7 0.2 5 0.4 5 0.3 7 0.1 7 0.3 6 0.4 2 0.3 5 0.3 9 0.4 5 0.2 1 0.2 9 0.3 7 0.1 5 0.2 3 T P

3.8 6 2.8 1 0.0 0 2.0 8 1.2 7 2.5 2 45.1 7 1.1 6 1.0 8 2.4 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 3.3 9 2.2 3 0.0 0 8.1 3 3.3 2 13.3 6 0.0 0 1.3 3 1.2 7 0.1 2 0.0 0 

### o.oo : 0.0 0 

### o.oo ; 0.0 0 0.46 j 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.7 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 

### o.oo o.oo 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 198 8 Taurus

. 3.0 LPFI

.

Ba g E O

8.9 2 6.6 4 6.0 6 6.6 0 5.0 0 4.2 1 3.2 3 1.7 1 2.7 5 2.5 8 2.2 5 2.2 2 1.7 2 2.4 3 1.9 1 1.7 5 2.8 7 1.8 1 1.1 7 1.0 5 1.2 8 1.2 8 0.6 5 0.7 3 1.0 5 0.5 6 0.7 8 0.3 3 0.8 7 0.4 2 0.8 3 0.7 8 0.7 7 0.7 5 0.6 6 0.7 7 0.6 5 0.6 1 0.6 5 0.6 0 0.4 7 0.5 3 0.5 5 0.2 4 0.4 1 0.4 7 0.1 3 0.4 2 0.4 0 0.4 1 0.4 3 0.5 0 0.2 4 0.4 0 0.2 1 0.1 6 0.1 3 1 T P

7.2 6 7.1 2 3.9 0 7.1 0 3.6 2 5.0 6 8.7 2 0.9 6 2.8 2 3.2 2 2.4 5 2.3 4 1.9 0 3.0 0 2.7 0 1.9 2 3.1 7 2.2 9 1.8 0 0.6 3 1.6 5 1.6 5 0.4 8 0.4 3 1.3 7 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.3 8 1.0 9 0.0 6 1.1 0 0.9 1 0.8 3 1.0 4 0.6 6 0.9 7 0.8 4 0.6 2 0.7 4 0.8 6 0.1 9 0.7 5 0.7 0 0.2 9 0.2 9 0.6 3 0.2 3 0.4 7 0.3 6 0.5 4 0.4 7 0.6 7 0.3 1 0.5 3 0.0 8 0.3 1 0.0 3 Ba g E O

9.9 4 ^ 6.5 1 i V 6.2 5 6.2 5 5.4 3 r 4.4 1 [

_ 3.11 E 2.9 8 [

_ 2.6 6 2.3 8 £ 2.1 0 2.0 6 1.3 7 2.34p T 

### 1.8 6 f t 1.6 6 2.6 8 r 1.73 0 1.33 £ 1.2 1 1.2 3 1.1 9 0.7 8 0.7 7 1.0 2 0.6 8 0.4 1 0.7 7 0.8 0 0.4 7 0.7 9 0.7 1 0.7 1 0.7 1 0.6 6 0.6 9 0.6 6 0.5 5 0.4 6 0.5 6 0.4 6 0.5 2 0.5 1 0.3 9 0.4 4 0.4 3 0.3 4 0.3 8 0.4 1 0.3 9 0.4 1 0.4 4 0.2 6 0.3 6 0.2 7 0.1 9 0.1 6 

# h N o Air
, K 2 T P



### :;;-o:o o
:: : : ' : 4;9 t 0.0 0 0.0 0 00 0 55 0

: 70.2 5
v.:-::

. 2J42 0.0 0

• s ;v:;o.o o 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 

## s^sai s

0.0 0 56 7 44 0 00 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.4 7 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.1 1 0.0 0 0.0 0

9 9 1 2 lb~EGR

, 3W

. 2500 0 m i 199 0 Shadow

, 2.S LTBI
,

Ba g E O

9.7 6 6.3 9 7.0 8 6.0 9 5.3 7 4.2 9 3.4 9 2.6 8 £5 5 2.3 6 2.0 3 1.9 8 1.8 9 2.2 5 1.8 1 1.5 6 2.5 6 1.6 6 1.2 7 1.34 1.2 3 1.1 5 0.7 1 0.8 5 0.9 5 0.6 2 0.7 8 0.8 0 0.7 8 0.4 2 0.7 6 0.6 8 0.6 6 0.6 9 0.6 4 0.7 0 0.6 4 0.5 2 0.5 2 0.5 3 0.4 7 0.5 1 0.4 9 0.5 2 0.4 1 0.4 2 0.5 0 0.3 4 0.3 8 0.3 5 0.3 9 0.4 0 0.2 3 0.3 5 0.2 4 0.2 5 0.1 6 3 T P

9.9 5 7.3 8 0.4 3 5.8 7 3.6 4 6.7 5 18.5 0 0.3 2 2.3 0 3.6 0 1.9 9 1.4 6 2.1 1 3.3 7 3.1 5 1.4 3 3.9 4 2.6 2 2.8 6 0.0 0 1.8 3 1.74 0.3 5 0.0 0 1.3 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.2 7 1.2 4 0.0 0 1.1 6 0.6 6 0.3 3 1.0 8 0.6 3 0.9 4 0.9 7 0.2 6 0.7 2 0.8 6 0.0 0 0.8 1 0.4 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.4 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.2 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.3 2 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Ba g E O

8.6 7 7.1 3 6.8 7 7.0 2 4.6 6 4.4 4 3.4 7 0.9 4 2.8 4 2.4 2 2.3 8 2.4 4 1.6 0 2.4 0 2.0 2 1.8 7 2.6 4 1.7 1 1.1 1 0.9 6 1.2 7 1.2 6 0.6 0 0.7 4 1.0 5 0.5 6 0.8 0 0.7 1 0.8 4 0.3 8 0.8 4 0.8 5 0.8 2 0.7 8 0.6 2 0.7 5 0.6 2 0.6 8 0.5 8 0.6 2 0.4 3 0.5 8 0.5 3 0.1 7 0.3 8 0.4 6 0.1 4 0.4 7 0.3 8 0.4 2 0.4 5 0.5 0 0.2 1 0.3 9 0.1 7 0.2 6 0.1 1 1 T P

6.7 8 7.0 0 2.5 3 6.3 5 3.1 5 5.9 0 8.1 8 0.5 4 2.6 2 3.7 5 2.1 9 2.0 3 1.4 6 3.5 9 2.7 9 1.6 9 4.1 7 2.7 7 1.6 0 0.5 4 1.9 3 1.8 7 0.3 4 0.4 8 1.5 2 0.1 9 0.2 2 0.4 1 1.3 0 0.1 1 1.2 1 0.7 7 0.7 1 1.1 1 0.7 6 1.0 8 1.0 2 0.5 9 0.9 2 0.8 8 0.4 3 0.8 3 0.8 3 0.3 0 0.3 6 0.5 3 0.0 0 0.4 3 0.4 6 0.5 4 0.4 0 0.7 5 0.3 3 0.5 5 0.2 0 0.4 6 0.0 0 Ba g E O

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# TABL E 2 : EPA' s Reformulate d Gasolin e Phas e I I Summar y

Ve h#

258 2

259 3

269 4

270 7

270 9

258 6

2568 A

2568 B

257 8

259 0

2570 A

2570 B

2570 C Tec hTyp e

1

1

1

1

1

2

3

3

3

4

7

7

7
Range : Numbe r o f H C Specie s Detecte d

i n Tailpip e Exhaus t Emission s fro m 1 0 Normal-Emittin g Vehicle s usin g
a n Industr yAverag e Gasolin e

Ba g 1

11 8

11 5

10 3

11 5

9 7

11 8

10 4

9 1

11 8

11 6

12 4

12 2

12 1

91-12 4 Ba g 2

3 6

4 0

2 7

3 2

1 4

2 8

3 3

3 4

2 5

3 2

4 7

4 2

4 3

14-4 7 Ba g 3

5 2

4 1

7 4

5 3

4 0

6 1

4 6

4 5

7 0

5 4

5 8

8 3

7 1

40-8 3P.1 0

TABL E 3 : FT P Composit e Englne-ou t vs

. Talpip e Emission s Usin g A n Industr yAverag e Qasolin e

Speciate d Compound s

Methan e Ethen e Ethyn e Ethan e Propen e Propan e Propadlen e Propyn e 2M-Propan e 2M-Propen e 1 -Buten e 1,3-Butaden e Butan e t-2-Buten e 2.2-DM-Propan e 1-Butyn e c-2-Buten e 3M- 1 -Buten e 2M-Butan e 2-Butyn e 1 -Pen t en e 2M- 1 -Buten e Pentan e 2M-1,3-Butadien e t-2-Penten e 3.3-DM-1-Buten e c-2-Penten e 2M-2-Buten e Cyclopentadlen e 2,2-DM-Butan e Cyclopenten e 4M- 1 -Penten e 3M- 1 -Penten e Cyclopentan e 2,3-DM-Butan e MTB E 4M-c-2-Penten e 2M-Pentan e 4M-t-2-Penten e 3M-Pentan e 2M-1-Penten e 1-Hexen e Hexan e t-3-Hexen e .c-3-Hexen e t-2-Hexen e 3M-t-2-Penten e 2M-2-Penten e 3M-Cyclopenten e c-2-Hexen e ETB E 2,2-DM-Pentan e M-Cyclopentan e 2,4-DM-Pentan e 2,2,3-TM-Butan e Benzen e 3M-1-Hexen e 3,3-DM-Pentan e Cyclohexan e 2M-Hexan e 2,3-DM-Pentan e Cyclohexen e 3M-Hexan e c-1,3-DM-CycloPentan e t-1.2-DM-CycloPentan e 1-Hepten e 2,2,4-TM-Pentan e t-3-Hepten e Heptan e 2M-2-Hexen e 3M-t-3-Hexen e t-2-Hepten e 3E-c-2-Penten e 2.4.4-TM-1-Penten e 2,3-DM-2-Penten e c-2-Hepten e Auto/a i 3 Nonna l Engine-ou t Mi n Wt %

3.20 5 9.42 6 6.23 6 1.25 7 4.97 7 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 1.32 9 0.39 6 0.98 2 2.28 6 0.56 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.26 7 0.06 5 1.97 0 0.00 0 0.21 5 0.39 9 1.41 5 0.21 2 0.35 9 0.00 0 0.21 3 0.60 4 0.17 4 0.61 2 0.06 5 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.02 7 0.72 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 2.10 8 0.00 0 1.08 4 0.05 3 0.06 4 1.02 0 0.02 4 0.00 0 0.14 3 0.20 8 0.04 4 0.00 0 0.01 8 0.19 4 0.00 0 0.46 6 0.47 5 0.00 0 4.28 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.02 8 0.59 5 0.69 4 0.00 0 0.62 0 0.06 2 0.19 2 0.00 0 1.72 4 0.00 0 0.43 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 MaxWt %

3.54 5 11.05 2 7.08 8 1.37 8 5.55 7 0.18 4 0.41 4 0.42 6 0.19 2 2.06 2 0.82 9 1.26 6 2.74 6 0.78 2 0.00 0 0.01 8 0.34 1 0.18 4 2.38 3 0.00 0 0.25 5 0.47 1 1.79 0 0.46 7 0.40 6 0.00 0 0.26 6 0.66 9 0.44 6 0.65 7 0.14 7 0.10 3 0.04 6 0.14 1 0.83 8 0.03 5 0.00 0 2.48 0 0.14 7 1.26 8 0.13 7 0.14 8 1.23 5 0.05 8 0.00 0 0.17 2 0.23 8 0.17 6 0.00 0 0.09 3 0.22 0 0.00 0 0.52 4 0.52 0 0.00 0 4.65 8 0.00 0 0.10 0 0.11 6 0.74 2 0.81 2 0.04 8 0.72 4 0.14 9 0.23 1 0.00 0 1.89 0 0.02 9 0.54 6 0.06 1 0.00 0 0.01 3 0.00 0 0.00 6 0.00 0 0.00 0 -Emittin g Ve h

Tall f Mi n Wt %

15.65 4 6.11 6 1.28 2 1.85 8 2.55 3 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.72 6 0.00 0 0.28 2 3.31 8 0.18 5 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 2.78 7 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.16 7 2.09 8 0.13 8 0.21 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.34 6 0.00 0 0.80 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.60 9 0.00 0 0.00 0 2.16 9 0.00 0 1.15 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 1.09 7 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.13 8 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.34 4 0.35 3 0.00 0 2.69 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.48 1 0.56 0 0.00 0 0.45 9 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 1.82 9 0.00 0 0.31 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 ide s ilp e MaxWt %

33.06 8 7.57 7 3.49 5 9.08 1 3.36 5 0.22 1 0.13 1 0.00 0 0.37 1 1.86 9 0.47 5 0.47 9 5.62 9 0.38 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.35 3 0.00 0 4.86 6 0.00 0 0.11 7 0.19 7 3.69 0 0.23 6 0.25 7 0.00 0 0.18 7 0.63 4 0.21 6 1.01 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 1.12 3 0.00 0 0.00 0 4.16 6 0.00 0 1.66 5 0.00 0 0.00 0 1.61 5 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.16 8 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.13 0 0.00 0 0.70 4 0.74 7 0.00 0 9.23 8 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.94 3 1.04 2 0.00 0 1.00 2 0.10 9 0.19 2 0.00 0 3.41 6 0.00 0 0.77 6 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP A 1 0 Norma l

Emittin g Vehicle s Tailpip e Mi n Wt %

9.26 3 2.97 3 0.40 1 0.98 1 1.18 9 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.02 6 0.62 3

0.17 4 2.27 7 0.13 6 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.09 4 0.02 8 2.39 3 0.05 1

0.09 0 2.00 5 0.06 4 0.13 0 0.00 0 0.06 7 0.26 8 0.04 0 0.65 1 0.03 0 0.00 0

0.03 7 0.92 6 0.00 0 2.95 6

0.00 0 1.43 5 0.03 8

1.21 4 0.00 0

0.04 4 0.04 4 0.04 4 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.02 7 0.51 3 0.56 5 0.00 0 2.42 7 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.61 3 0.81 4 0.66 7

0.06 7 0.10 2 0.00 0 1.91 5 0.00 0 0.42 8 0.00 0 0.000 /

0.00 0 0.00 0

0.00 0 MaxWt %

22.64 3 9.77 2 2.29 0 4.37 6 4.19 9 0.54 2 0.20 4 0.11 5 0.11 3 1.7S 1

2.96 7 7.84 9 0.46 3 0.13 1 0.06 9 0.41 1 0.08 3 6.33 4 0,13 6

0.25 3 4.60 7 0.27 9 0.33 1 0.03 1 0.18 3 0.62 4 0.27 6 1.55 1 0.14 3 0.05 4

0.16 4 1.95 2 0.00 0 S.71 6

0.00 0 2.79 5 0.08 8

2.67 1 0.07 5

0.12 3 0.13 9 0.09 8 0.06 3

0.00 0 0.05 8 0.90 8 1.14 1 0.04 6 6.51 2 0.13 8 0.04 3 0.12 6 1.26 4 1.83 1 1.41 4

0.19 7 0.41 4 0.03 4 5.74 4 0.05 5 1.17 3 0.13 2 0.04 1

0.00 0 0.08 0

0.04 0 Auto/Oi l 7 Hig h

Emittin g Vehicle s Tailpip e Mi n Wt %

6.62 3 7.09 4 0.41 5 0.16 3 2.23 0 0.08 9 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.06 2 0.92 4 0.00 0 0.41 0 1.56 6 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.09 4 0.02 0 1.34 3 0.00 0 0.05 8 0.16 0 1.02 2 0.15 2 0.16 3 0.00 0 0.10 1 0.35 1 0.12 3 0.36 6 0.04 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.06 8 0.45 7 0.00 0 0.00 0 1.42 4 0.00 0 0.70 6 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.71 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.05 2 0.07 9 0.05 5 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.07 5 0.00 0 0.30 1 0.31 7 0.00 0 4.02 0 0.00 0 0.03 6 0.03 9 0.41 8 0.44 8 0.00 0 0.43 6 0.08 5 0.13 3 0.00 0 1.08 1 0.00 0 0.39 8 0.03 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 MaxWt %

15.00 0 10.50 0 23.80 6 2.74 6 5.55 0 0.17 8 0.10 4 0.17 7 0.24 4 3.11 8 0.42 9 1.06 3 6.26 8 0.46 4 0.31 8 0.03 4 0.29 2 0.12 7 4.90 6 0.03 3 0.20 5 0.45 4 3.46 5 0.69 9 0.39 7 0.01 4 0.25 9 0.73 8 0.46 2 1.15 8 0.11 2 0.00 0 0.08 7 0.19 2 1.41 8 0.08 6 0.00 0 4.39 5 0.08 1 2.16 6 0.12 2 0.11 9 2.06 4 0.10 8 0.11 8 0.17 6 0.25 4 0.16 4 0.00 0 0.09 8 0.23 3 0.06 3 0.75 4 0.81 5 0.09 0 7.79 9 0.00 3 0.09 2 0.18 4 1.04 1 1.15 7 0.03 8 1.08 7 0.21 0 0.30 1 0.06 6 2.77 9 0.07 1 0.86 4 0.16 1 0.00 0 0.06 6 0.04 2 0.05 0 0.00 0 0.06 0

Note : Shade d region s Indicat e a share d Q C pea k assignmen tTABL E 3 : FT P Composit e Englne-ou t vs

. Composit e Talpip e Emission s (Continued ) P.1 1

Speciate d Compound s

M-Cyclohexan e 2,2-DM-Hexan e 2,4,4-TM-2-Penten e 2,5-DM-Hexan e E-Cyclopentan e 2,4-DM-Hexan e 3,3-DM-Hexan e 2,3,4-TM-Pentan e Toluen e 2,3-DM-Hexan e 2M-Heplan e 4M-Heplan e 3M-Heptan e 1c,2t,3-TM-CycPentan e c-1,3-DM-CycHexan e t-1,4-DM-CycHexan e 2,2,5-TM-Hexan e 1-Octen e t-4-Octen e Octan e t-2-Octen e t-1,3-DM-CycHexan e c-2-Octen e 2,3,5-TM-Hexan e 2,4-DM-Heptan e 1c-2-DM-CydoHexan e E-CycHexan e 3,5-DM-Heptan e E-Benzen e 2,3-DM-Heptan e m&p-Xylen e 4M-Octan e 3 M -Octan e Styren e o-Xylen e 1-Nonen e Nonan e i-PropBenzen e 2,2-DM-Octan e 2,4-DM-Octan e n-PropBenzen e 1M-3E-Benzen e 1M-4E-Benzen e 1,3,5-TM-Benzen e 1E-2M-Benzen e 1,2,4-TM-Benzen e Decan e s-ButBenzen e 1 M-4-i-Bu t Benzen e 1,2,3-TM-Benzen e In d a n 1,3-DE-Benzen e 1,4-DE-Benzen e n-ButBenzen e 1,2-DE-Benzen e Undecan e 1,2,4,5-TetMBenzen e 1,2,3,5-TetMBenzen e 1,2,3,4-TetMBenzen e Naphthalen e Dodecan e Formaldehyd e Acetaldehyd e Acrolei n Aceton e Proplonaldehyd e Crotonaldehyd e n-Butyraldehyd e Butanon e Benzaldehyd e Penta n aldehyd e p-Tolualdehyd e Hexa n aldehyd e Auto/ O Engin e Mi n Wt %

0.15 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.22 5 0.00 0 0.35 3 0.00 0 0.86 9 6.33 6 0.19 0 0.37 2 0.14 8 0.49 7 0.00 0 0.01 6 0.00 0 0.23 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.29 5 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.02 8 2.43 0 0.00 0 5.63 0 0.23 7 0.16 3 0.68 7 1.89 3 0.00 0 0.02 3 0.02 7 0.00 0 0.40 9 0.37 4 1.47 9 0.61 8 0.62 1 0.54 6 1.91 8 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.34 0 0.18 4 0.17 1 0.13 5 0.37 9 0.06 8 0.00 0 0.04 0 0.04 2 0.02 7 0.05 3 0.00 0 1.51 1 0.71 3 0.41 0 0.18 7 0.08 5 0.13 5 0.07 6 0.06 1 0.63 4 0.00 0 0.17 0 0.00 0 1 3 Norma l

-ou t Ma xWt %

0.29 7 0.14 7 0.00 0 0.28 5 0.00 0 0.40 4 0.04 9 1.034 7.01 4 0.27 5 0.44 6 0.17 2 0.58 3 0.00 0 0.03 2 0.00 0 0.27 9 0.02 1 0.01 2 0.38 3 0.00 0 0.04 1 0.02 8 0.00 0 0.02 2 0.01 6 0.00 0 0.04 7 2.82 3 0.00 0 6.89 2 0.29 6 0.23 2 0.90 5 231 9 0.04 3 0.09 7 0.10 1 0.00 0 0.49 9 0.45 9 1.89 2 0.83 2 0.85 4 0.67 8 £51 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.46 7 0.24 6 0.29 0 0.17 6 0.78 5 0.20 3 0.01 5 0.24 9 0.24 0 0.12 9 0.34 8 0.00 0 3.56 2 1.04 9 0.68 9 0.34 6 0.12 4 0.25 5 0.16 0 0.12 7 0.90 7 0.07 2 0.27 5 0.00 0 Emittin g Ve h

TaJi p Mi n Wt %

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.13 7 0.00 0 0.22 8 0.00 0 0.65 3 3.76 3 0.14 7 0.18 1 0.00 0 0.35 8 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.15 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.26 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 1.44 7 0.00 0 3.32 5 0.16 9 0.00 0 0.24 6 0.99 6 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.20 0 0.76 5 0.33 0 0.33 5 0.28 3 0.97 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.15 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.28 5 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.31 3 0.15 7 0.00 6 0.09 9 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.06 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 de s Ip e Ma xWt %

0.24 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.23 7 0.00 0 0.49 3 0.00 0 1.27 7 8.28 2 0.19 8 0.52 8 0.15 7 0.80 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.35 7 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.51 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 2.50 4 0.00 0 6.34 4 0.27 8 0.18 8 0.34 1 2.16 5 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.29 4 0.30 3 1.63 2 0.69 0 0.78 5 0.54 6 1.91 3 0.06 8 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.31 9 0.15 9 0.10 3 0.18 4 0.43 7 0.00 0 1.23 1 0.00 0 0.20 1 0.00 0 0.26 1 0.00 0 2.14 5 0.65 8 0.28 0 0.35 7 0.06 4 0.04 0 0.12 2 0.13 9 0.24 1 0.00 0 0.06 3 0.00 0 EP A 1 0 Norma l

Emittin g Vehlde s Tailpip e Mi n Wt %

0.08 7 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.19 0

0.31 2 0.03 6 0.42 0 3.44 4 0.18 1 0.36 6 0.15 1 0.39 3 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.13 6 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.17 9 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 1.03 3 0.00 0 2.30 5 0.11 1 0.08 1 0.09 1 1.02 8 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.13 8 0.93 8 0.32 9 0.38 0 0.29 1 1.00 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.15 6 0.07 5 0.06 2 0.14 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.04 8 0.00 0 0.22 6 0.00 0 0.42 9 0.22 7 0.04 2 0.09 2 0.00 0 0.00 0

0.07 2

0.03 8 Ma xWt %

0.37 5 0.16 3 0.02 9 0.51 4

0.89 1 0.13 4 1.33 9 8.32 6 0.57 9 0.96 7 0.42 0 1.09 9 0.19 2 0.12 7 0.00 0 0.62 0 0.00 0 0.04 7 0.83 4 0.00 0 0.13 3 0.00 0 0.12 8 0.13 2 0.13 6 0.00 0 0.16 0 2.86 6 0.05 3 7.11 7 0.36 3 0.33 5 0.52 5 2.97 6 0.17 9 0.25 5 0.13 8 0.05 4 0.26 3 0.60 2 2.83 8 1.03 2 1.11 2 0.77 3 2.60 9 0.52 7 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.59 5 0.29 9 0.15 1 0.45 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.16 3 0.25 0 0.26 9 0.07 0 0.73 6 0.00 0 3.56 6 1.02 8 0.19 0 0.34 4 0.10 2 0.05 5

0.38 6

0.41 7 Auto/OI I

Emittin g Tail f Mi n Wt %

0.12 7 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.26 2 0.04 7 0.57 0 4.93 4 0.12 6 0.28 4 0.11 0 0.37 1 0.00 0 0.02 3 0.00 0 0.16 8 0.01 6 0.00 9 0.24 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.08 7 1.41 2 0.00 0 3.25 8 0.19 0 0.13 2 0.24 0 1.22 2 0.04 6 0.06 9 0.03 7 0.00 0 0.04 6 0.19 8 0.71 7 0.31 6 0.34 3 0.31 5 0.90 6 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.07 5 0.07 2 0.00 0 0.05 9 0.18 3 0.01 6 0.00 0 0.02 5 0.05 9 0.02 9 0.04 3 0.00 0 0.02 4 0.04 1 0.01 5 0.02 1 0.00 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.02 3 0.00 0 0.00 7 0.00 0 

### 7 Hig h Vehlde s ilp e Ma xWt %

0.43 4 0.13 7 0.00 5 0.45 5 0.28 3 0.55 3 0.13 8 1.61 1 8.11 1 0.39 9 0.62 1 0.31 2 0.90 5 0.00 0 0.10 3 0.03 3 0.42 2 0.07 8 0.06 1 0.65 9 0.02 7 0.08 8 0.02 8 0.00 0 0.10 1 0.08 8 0.03 8 0.18 1 2.72 8 0.04 4 7.06 7 0.51 5 0.35 1 0.54 0 2.55 7 0.13 6 0.14 3 0.12 9 6.03 7 0.16 2 0.59 0 1.91 6 0.89 6 1.06 8 0.62 3 2.49 8 0.04 3 0.04 0 0.00 0 0.47 4 0.20 8 0.14 3 0.16 1 0.65 8 0.05 6 0.05 4 0.14 8 0.22 0 0.12 0 0.30 8 0.07 4 0.83 0 0.68 9 0.11 6 0.53 2 0.04 8 0.02 7 0.05 4 0.01 5 0.18 3 0.01 5 0.06 4 0.00 0

### P.1 2



## TABL E 4 : Summar

yo fEngine-ou t vs

. Tailpip e Emissio n Correlatio n Exception s

PAR TA

5 specie s presen t i n E.O

. an d High-emitte remission s only :

=========»================ = MTB E 4M-t-2-Penten e 1 -Octen e c-2-Octen e 1,2-DE-Benzen e Tota l o < Wt% :

PART B

6 specie s presen t onl yi n High-emitte remissions :

S B BBS B B O S S S B SSSS B ea s SSS S SSS S 

## 3E-c-2-Penten e t-1,4-DM-CycHexan e t-2-Octen e E-CycHexan e s-ButBenzen e Dodecan e Tota l o fWt% :

PART C

1 3 specie s presen t onl yi n Tailpip e emissions :
2,2-DM-Propan e 3,3-DM- l -Buten e 2,2-DM-Pentan e 2,2,3-TM-Butan e 3M-1-Hexen e 1 -Hepten e c-2-Hepten e 2,4,4-TM-2-Penten e 1 c,2t,3-TM-CycPentan e 2,3,5-TM-Hexan e 2,3-DM-Heptan e 2,2-DM-Octan e Decan e Tota l o fWt% : Auto/Oi l 3 Norma l Engine-ou t Mi n Wt % MaxWt %

seneBsaaaaeoB a st s B S 

## 0.00 0 0.03 5 0.00 0 0.14 7 0.00 0 0.02 1 0.00 0 0.02 8 0.06 8 0.06 8 0.20 3

0.43 3 -Emittin g Vehicle s

Tailpip e Mi n Wt % MaxWt %

SSSSS SS S SSS S S I SSSSSSSS S 

## 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0

Auto/Oi l 3 Normal-Emittin g Vehicle s Engine-ou t Mi n Wt % MaxWt %

ssssss s sssss s sssss s 

## 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0

Auto/Oi l 3 Norma l Emittin g Vehicle s E.O

. Ma xWt %

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 T.P

. Ma xWt %

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.06 8 0.00 0 0.06 8 Tailpip e

Mi n Wt % MaxWt %

ansBraasanonsn a 

## 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0

EP A1 0 Nor m Emittin g Vehi c Tailpip e Mi n Wt % Av g Wt %

0.00 0 0.04 9 0.00 0 0.00 2 0.02 7 0.04 3 0.00 0 0.01 2 0.00 0 0.02 2 0.00 0 0.00 2 0.00 0 0.00 7 0.00 0 0.00 4 0.00 0 0.10 6 0.00 0 0.04 8 0.00 0 0.02 5 0.00 0 0.00 8 0.00 0 0.10 2 0.02 7 0.43 0 EP A1 0 Norma l Emittin g Vehicle s Tailpip e Mi n Wt % MaxWt %

a s s SSS S BBJ B sss s sssss s 

## 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0

EP A1 0 Norma l Emittin g Vehicle s Tailpip e Mi n Wt % Ma xWt %

BsannaaBBBeanii n 

## 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0

a l Ie s

Ma xWt %

0.13 1 0.03 1 0.05 8 0.04 6 0.13 8 0.03 4 0.04 0 0.02 9 0.19 2 0.12 8 0.05 3 0.05 4 0.52 7 1.46 1 Auto/Oi l 7 Hig h Emittin g Vehicle s Tailpip e Mi n Wt % MaxWt %

S S S SSS S SBSBSBSBSS S 

## 0.00 0 0.08 6 0.00 0 0.08 1 0.01 6 0.07 8 0.00 0 0.02 8 0.01 6 0.05 6 0.03 1 0.32 8

Auto/Oi l 7 Hig h Emittin g Vehicle s Tailpip e Mi n Wt % MaxWt %

n.n[>3BD>«aiii»»

. 

## 0.00 0 0.04 2 0.00 0 0.03 3 0.00 0 0.02 7 0.00 0 0.03 8 0.00 0 0.04 0 0.00 0 0.07 4

0.25 4

Auto/Oi l 7 Hig h Emittin g Vehicle s Tailpip e Mi n Wt % Av g Wt % Ma xWt %

0.00 0 0.04 6 0.31 8 0.00 0 0.00 2 0.01 4 0.00 0 0.02 5 0.06 3 0.00 0 0.04 8 0.09 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 0.00 0 0.00 9 0.06 6 0.00 0 0.03 1 0.06 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 0.00 5 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.02 3 0.04 4 0.00 0 0.01 0 0.03 7 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.02 2 0.04 3

0.21 7 0.74 3

### P.1 3

TABL E 5 : Auto/CH I Ba g 2 Engine-ou t vs

. Col d Star t Tailpipe Emission s 3 Moder n Vehicles usin g Industr yAverag e Gasolin e

Speciate d Compoun d

Methan e Ethen e Ethyn e Ethan e Propen e Propan e Propadlen e Propyn e 2M-Propan e 2M-Propen e 1 -Buten e 1,3-Butadlen e Butan e t-2-Buten e 2,2-DM-Propan e 1 -Butyn e c-2-Buten e 3M-1-Buten e 2M-Butan e 2-Butyn e 1-Penten e 2M-1-Buten e Pentan e 2M-1,3-Butadlen e t-2-Penten e3.3-DM1 -Buten e c-2-Penten e 2M-2-Buten e Cyclopentadten e 2,2-DM-Butan e Cyclops nten e4M1 -Penten e3M1 -Penten e Cyclopentan e ^,3-DM-Butan e MTB E 4M-c-2-Penten e 2M-Pentan e 4M-t-2-Penten e 3M-Pertan e 2M-1-Penten e 1-Hexen e Hexan e t-3-Hexen e c-3-Hexen e t-2-Hexen * , . 3M-t-2-Penten e 2M-2-Penten e 3M-Cyclopentsn e c-2-Hexen e ETB E 2,2-DM-Pentan e M-Cyctopentan e 2,4-OM-Pehtth e 2,2,3-TM-Butan e Benzen e 3 M-1-Hexen e 3,3-DM-Pentan e Cyct o hexan e 

## tW***n* 23-tM^eman e Cydohexen e 

## MWwk ' c-1,3-DM-CycloPentan e t-1,2-OM-CydoPentan e 1 -Hepten e Ii2;4-TM^>»ntane'- : ' : ' : ':: ' t-3-Hepten e Heptan e 2M-2-Hexen e 3M-t-3-Hexen e t-2-Hepten e 3E-c-2-Penten e 2A4-TM-1-Penten e 2,3-DM-2-Penten e c-2-Hepten e M-Cyclohexan e 2,2-DM-Hexan e 2,4,4-TM-2-Penton e 2,5-DM-Hexan e E-Cvciopentan e B2E O Wt % Mi n

3.0 1 9.4 0 S.94 1.2 9 5.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.8 4 0.0 0 

## i.o l 1.9 9 0.7 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.2 7 0.0 0 1.8 8 ' 0.0 0 0.2 2 0.4 1 1.36 0.2 6 0.3 6 0.0 0 0.2 2 0.6 1 0.1 3 0.6 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 00 0.6 9 0.0 0 0.0 0 2.0 3 0.0 0 1.06 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.1 4 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.1 9 0.0 0 0.4 8 0,4 8 0.0 0 4.3 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 037 0.6 8 0.0 0 0.5 9 0.0 0 0.1 9 0.0 0

' 1.7 1 0.0 0 0.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.2 2 0.0 0 B2E O

Wt % Ma x

3.44 11.1 3 

### 7.4 6 1.45 5.5 6 0.2 0 0.4 3 0.5 6 0.2 4 2.0 7 0.8 5 1.2 9

0.8 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.3 9 0.1 9 2.40 ' ~ 0.0 0 0.2 9 "0.30 " 1.79 0.6 3 0.4 2 0.0 0 0.3 0 0.6 8 0.6 7 0.6 7 0.1 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.1 5 0.8 3 

## b.ri o 0.0 0 2.4 S 0.0 0 1.24 0.1 5 0.1 4 1.2 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.1 8 0.2 4 0.1 8 0.0 0 0.0 9 0.2 2 0.0 0 0.5 3



## ' '«$" " 0.0 0 4.7 4 0.0 0 0.1 1 0.1 4 0.7 2 0.8 0 0.0 0 

### 0.7 2 0.1 5 0.2 3 0.0 0 1.90 0.0 0 0.5 7 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.3 0 0.2 8 0.0 0 0.2 8 0.0 0 B1T P

Wt % Mi n

7.9 6 6.2 1 2.2 7 1.5 6 3.0 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.2 3 0.0 0 0.5 4 25 3 0.3 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0



### ,, , £gg.

- — 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.2 8 2.1 2 0.2 7 0.3 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.6 0 0.0 0 0.8 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.0 5



### ' "o.o o 0.0 0 &0 0 0.0 0 1.5 8 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.4 8 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.2 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.6 0 0.6 1 • - 0.0 0 3.7 9 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.8 3 0.9 7 0.0 0 OJ O 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2.4 2 0.0 0 0.5 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.2 4 0.0 0 B1T P

Wt % Max

12.3 8 9.4 6 5.1 0 3.7 4 4.2 2 0.0 0 0.2 3 0.0 0 0.6 9 1.92 0.8 3 0.84 " 5.3 0 0.4 8 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.2 7 0.0 0 

### "3.71 " o.o o 0.2 1 0.S 7 2.9 2 0.4 1 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.3 5 0.7 7 0.3 8 1.1 8 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.3 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 '"176 " 0.0 0 1.9 7 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.8 8 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.3 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.2 2 0.0 0 0.8 4 0,8 4 0.0 0 5.9 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.1 1 1.2 1 0.0 0 1.1 4 0.1 9 0.2 9 0.0 0 2.9 8 0.0 0 0.9 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.4 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.4 2 0.0 0 Ga p Betwee n Ranges , Wt %

4.5 2

0.8 4 0.1 1 0.8 7

0.1 7 0.1 8 0.2 3

0.4 6

0.0 1 0.0 4 0.3 2

0.2 2



### <xS »

0.3 4

0.2 5

0.1 4

0.0 7 

### *>.<&

0.1 1 

## btf

0,0 8

o:52

### P.1 4



## ••

_

" ' TABL E 5 Continue d

B 2 E O B 2 E O B 1 T P 

### Wt% wt % wt % Speciate d Compound s Mi n MaxMi n

2,4-DM-Hexan e 0.3 5 0.4 2 0.3 9 3,3-DM-Hexan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 z;3;4iTM^POTta«e":r: : : : :?: :

-? Toluen e 6.2 7 6.9 5 5.3 8 2,3-DM-Hexan e 0.1 8 0.3 0 0.2 6 2M-Heptan e 0.3 6 0.4 4 0.3 1 4M-Heptan e 01 4 01 7 0 0 0 3M-Heptan e 0 4 7 0.6 0 0.6 2 1c,2t,3TM-CycPentan e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 c-1,3-DM-CycHexan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 t-1,4-DM-CycHexan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2,2,5-TM-Hexan e 0.2 4 0.2 7 0.2 7 1-Octen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 t-4-Octen e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Octan e 0.2 9 0 3 8 04 7 t-2-Octen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 t-1,3-DM-CycHexan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 c-2-Octen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2,3,5-TM-Hexan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2,4-DM-Heptan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1c-2-DM-CycloHexan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 E-CycHexan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 3,5-DM-Heptan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 E-Benzen e 2.4 0 2.8 5 2.1 9 2,3-DM-Heptan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 m&p-Xylen e 5.5 6 6.9 3 5.0 5 4M-Octan e 0.2 4 0.3 0 0.2 9 3M-Octan e 01 5 0 2 5 0 0 0 Seren e 0 6 1 0.0 5 0.3 8 o-Xylen e 1.8 7 2.3 5 1.7 3 1-Nonen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Nonan e 0.0 0 0.1 0 0.0 0 1-PropBenzen e 0.0 0 0.1 0 0.0 0 2,2-DM-Octan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2,4-DM-Octan e 0.4 0 0.5 1 0.0 0 n-PropBenzen e 0.3 7 0.4 9 0.3 5 1M-3E-Benzen e 1.4 8 1.9 6 1.3 3 1M-4E-Benzen e 0.6 2 0.8 7 0.5 7 1,3,5-TM-Benzene 0.6 2 0.8 8 0.5 9 1E-2M-Benzen e 0.5 2 0.7 0 0.5 0 1,2,4-TM-Benzene 1.9 3 2.6 4 1.6 9 Decan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 s-ButBenzen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1M-4-l-ButBenzen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1,2,3-TM-Benzen e 0.3 4 0.4 8 0.2 7 Inda n 0.2 0 0.2 8 0.0 0 1,3-DE-Benzen e 0.1 3 0.3 3 0.0 0 1,4-DE-Benzene 0.1 5 0.2 0 0.0 0 n-BulBenzen e 0.4 2 0.9 2 0.4 9 1,2-DE-Benzene 0.0 0 0.2 0 0.0 0 Undecan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1,2.4,5-TetMBenzen e 0.0 0 0.2 1 0.0 0 1,2,3,5-TetMBenzen e 0.0 0 0.2 8 0.0 0 1.2,3,4-TetMBenzen e 0.0 0 0.1 6 0.0 0 Naphthalen e 0.0 0 0.3 8 0.0 0 Dodocan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 FORMALDEHYD E 1.6 4 4.0 0 0.5 3 ACETALDEHYD E 0.7 4 1.0 6 0.2 9 ACROLEI N 0.4 3 0.6 8 0.0 1 ACETON E 0.1 9 0.3 4 0.0 6 PROPIO N ALDEHYD E 0 0 8 01 4 0 0 0 

### M6t<3NALDEHYt « 6.1 4 62 8 60 6 n-BUTYRALDEHYD E 0.0 6 0.1 2 0.0 0 BUTANON E 0.0 6 0.1 2 0.0 0 BENZALDEHYD E 0.6 7 0.9 4 0.1 2 PENTANALDEHYD E 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.0 0 p-TOLUALDEHYD E • : : 0:1 9 0.3 0 0.0 0 HEXANALDEHYD E 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Un c peaks t o CB M Olefin s 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.0 0 Un c peaks t o CB M Paraffin s 1.0 0 1.3 1 0.2 2 Un c peaks t o CB M Toluen e 0.1 4 0.2 4 0.0 4 Un c peaks t o CB M Xylen e 0.6 4 1.0 7 0.2 0 Un c peaks t o CB M Aldehyde s 0.4 2 0.6 4 0.0 0 Un c peaks t o CB M No n Reactive 0.0 0 1.9 7 0.0 0 Tota l specie s g/m l 1.3 3 2.0 1 0.4 2

Note : Shade d region s Indicat e non-ovedappin g emissio n range s B 1 T P Ga p Betwee n Wt % Ranges , Wt % Max

0.5 7 0.0 0 

# wfMwmmmim 7.3 0 0.3 4 0.6 5 0 2 7 0 9 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.3 8 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0;0 9 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2.8 5 0.0 0 7.1 6 0.4 3 0.2 9 06 0 00 2 2.4 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.5 1 0.4 8 1.9 7 0.8 5 0.9 2 0.6 9 2.3 6 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.5 5 0.2 5 0.1 6 0.3 0 0.8 2 0.0 0 2.3 7 0.0 0 0.3 1 0.0 0 0.4 9 0.0 0 2.0 3 1.0 3 0.4 9 0.4 6 01 1



### " 6.6 ? 6.67 0.2 1 0.1 3 0.4 2 0.2 5 0.0 0 0:1 1 s 0:0 8 0.0 0 0.1 3 0.9 7 0.2 7 1.2 4 0.3 6 0.0 0 0.6 7

### P.1 5



## *

•

-

- TABL E 6 : Auto/Oi l Bag 2 Engine-ou t vs

. Composit e Hig h Emitte rTailpipe Emission s usin g Industr yAverag e Gasolin e

B 2 E O B 2 E O Cm p T P Cm p T P Ga p Betwee n Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Ranges , Wt % Speciate d Compound s Mi n Ma xMi n Ma x

METHAN E 3.0 1 3.4 4 6.6 2 15:0 0 3.1 8 Ethen e 9.4 0 11.1 3 7.0 9 10.5 0 Ethyn e 5.9 4 7.4 5 0.4 2 23.8 1 Ethan e 1.2 9 1.45 0.1 6 2.7 5 Propen e 5.1 0 5.5 6 2.2 3 5.5 5 Propan e 0.0 0 0.2 0 0.0 9 0.1 8 Propadlen e 0.0 0 0.4 3 0.0 0 0.1 0 Propyn e 0.0 0 0.5 6 0.0 0 0.1 8 2M-Propan e 0.0 0 0.2 4 0.0 6 0.2 4 2M-Propen e 0.8 4 2.0 7 0.9 2 3.1 2 1-Buten e 0.0 0 0.8 5 0.0 0 0.4 3 1,3-Butadlen e 1.0 1 1.2 9 0.4 1 1.06 Butan e 1.99 2.7 5 1.5 7 6.2 7 t-2-Buten e 0.7 1 0.8 4 00 0 0.4 8 0.2 4 2,2-DM-Propan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.3 2 1-Butyn e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 c-2-Buten e 0.2 7 0.3 9 0.0 9 0.2 9 3M-1-Buten e 0.0 0 0.1 9 0.0 2 0.1 3 2M-Butan e 1.88 2.4 0 1.34 4.9 1 2-Butyn e 0 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 0 3 1-Penten e 0.2 2 0.2 9 0 0 6 0.2 0 00 22M1 -Buten e 0 4 1 0 5 0 0 1 6 0.4 5 Pentan e 1.36 1.79 1.02 3.4 6 2M-1,3-Butadlen e 0.2 6 0.6 3 0.1 5 0.7 0 t-2-Penten e 0.3 6 0.4 2 0.1 6 0.4 0 3,3-DM-l-Buten e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 c-2-Penten e 0.2 2 0.3 0 0.1 0 0.2 6 2M-2-Buten e 0.6 1 0.6 8 0.3 5 0.7 4 Cyelopentadten e 0.1 3 0.6 7 0.1 2 0.4 6 2,2-DM-Butan e 0.6 2 0.6 7 0.3 7 1.1 6 Cyclopenten e 0.0 0 0.1 6 0.0 4 0.1 1 4M-1-Penten e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 3M-1-Penten e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 9 Cyciopentan e 0.0 0 0.1 5 0.0 7 0.1 9 2,3-DM-Butan e 0.6 9 0.8 3 0.4 6 1.42 MTB E 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 4M-c-2-Penten e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2M-Pentan e 2.0 3 2.4 2 1.42 4.4 0 4M-t-2-Penten e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 3M-Pentan e 1.06 1.24 0.7 1 2.1 7 2M-1-Penten e 0.0 0 0.1 5 0.0 0 0.1 2 1-Hexen e 0.0 0 0.1 4 0.0 0 0.1 2 Hexan e 0.9 9 1.2 3 0.7 1 2.0 6 t-3-Hexen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.1 1 c-3-Hexen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.1 2 t-2-Hexen e 0.1 4 0.1 8 0.0 5 0.1 8 3M-t-2-Penten e 0.2 0 0.2 4 0.0 8 0.2 5 2M-2-Penten e 0.0 0 0.1 8 0.0 5 0.1 6 3M-Cydopenten e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 c-2-Hexen e 0.0 0 0.0 9 0.0 0 0.1 0 ETB E 0.1 9 0.2 2 0.0 7 0.2 3 2,2-DM-Pentan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 M-Cyctopentan e 0.4 6 0.5 3 0.3 0 0.7 5 2,4-DM-Pentan e 0.4 6 0.5 3 0.3 2 0.8 2 2,2.3-TM-Butan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 9 Benzen e 4.3 2 4.7 4 4.0 2 7.8 0 3M-1-Hexen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 3,3-DM-Pentan e 0.0 0 0.1 1 0.0 4 0.0 9 Cydohexan e 0.0 0 0.1 4 0.0 4 0.1 8 2M-Hexan e 0.5 7 0.7 2 0.4 2 1.04 2,3-DM-Pentan e 0.6 8 0.8 0 0.4 5 1.1 6 Cydohexen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 3M-Hexan e 0.5 9 0.7 2 0.4 4 1.0 9 o-1,3-DM-CydoPentan e 0.0 0 0.1 5 0.0 8 0.2 1 t-1,2-DM-CycloPentan e 0.1 9 0.2 3 0.1 3 0.3 0 1-Hepten e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 2,2,4-TM-Pentan e 1.7 1 1.90 1.08 2.7 8 t-3-Heptan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 Heptan e 0.4 0 0.5 7 0.4 0 0.8 6

2r*2.Hexerte:':-i : K' 0.0 0 -0.0 0 ••'0:03

- ••:• •:, : 0.1 6

: ../ • - •;.•:

. v •* •0,0 3 3M-t-3-Hexen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 t-2-Hepten e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 3E-c-2-Ponten e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 2,4,4-TM-1-Penten e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 2,3-DM-2-Penten e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 c-2-Hepten e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 M-Cydohexan e 0.0 0 0.3 0 0.1 3 0.4 3 2,2-DM-Hexan e 0.0 0 0.2 8 0.0 0 0.1 4 2,4,4-TM-2-Penterw0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2,5-DM-Hexan e 0.2 2 0.2 8 0.0 0 0.4 6 E-Cvdooentan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.2 8

### P.1 6

1

* ' .• 1

J TABLE S Continued "

B 2 E O B 2 E O Cm p T P Wt % Wt % Wt % Spedate d Compound s Mi n MaxMi n

2,4-DM-Hexan e 0.3 5 0.4 2 0.2 6 34-DM-Hexan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 2,3,4-TM-Pentan e 0.8 4 1.0 7 0.5 7 Toluen e 6.2 7 6.9 5 4.9 3 2,3-DM-Hexan e 0.1 8 0.3 0 0.1 3 2M-Heptan e 0.3 6 0.4 4 0.2 8 4M-Heptan e 0.1 4 0.1 7 0.1 1 3M-Heptan e 0.4 7 0.6 0 0.3 7 1c,2t,3-TM-CycPentan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 c-'1;3tbMfO^'cHexan e 6.6 0 0.0 0 6.6 2 1-1.4-DM-CycHexan e 6.6 6 6.6 6 6.6 6 2,2,5-TM-Hexan e 0 2 4 0 2 7 0 1 7 1-Octen e 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 t-4-Oclen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 Octan e 0.2 9 0.3 8 0.2 4 t-2-Octen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 t-1,3-DM-CycHexan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 c-2-Octen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2,3,5-TM-Hexan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 2,4-DM-Heptan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1c-2-DM-CycloHexan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 E-CycHexan e 6.6 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 3,5-DM-Heptan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 9 E-Benzen e 2.4 0 2.8 5 1.4 1 2,3-DM-Heptan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 m&p-Xylen e 5.5 6 6.9 3 3.2 6 4M-Octan e 0.2 4 0.3 0 0.1 9 3M-Octan e 0 1 5 0 2 5 01 3 Styren e 0 6 1 0.9 5 0.2 4 o-Xylen e 18 7 2 3 5 1 2 2 1-Nonen e 0 0 6 0 6 6 6 6 5 Nonan e 6 6 6 61 6 0 0 7 1 PropBenzen e 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 4 2,2-D M Octan e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,4-DM-Octan o 0 4 0 0 5 1 0.0 5 n-PropBenzen e 0 3 7 0 4 9 0 2 0 1M-3E-Benzen e 1.4 8 1.9 6 0.7 2 1M-4E-Benzen e 0.6 2 0.8 7 0.3 2 1,3,5-TM-Benzen e 0.6 2 0.8 8 0.3 4 1E-2M-Benzen e 0.5 2 0.7 0 0.3 1 1,2,4-TM-Benzen e 1.9 3 2.6 4 0.9 1 Decan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 s-ButBenzen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1M-4-i-ButBenzen e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1,2,3-TM-Benzen e 0.3 4 0.4 8 0.0 8 Inda n 0.2 0 0.2 8 0.0 7 1,3-DE-Benzen e 0.1 3 0.3 3 0.0 0 1,4-DE-Benzen e 0.1 5 0.2 0 0.0 6 n-ButBenzen e 0.4 2 0.9 2 0.1 8 1,2-DE-Benzene 0.0 0 0.2 0 0.0 2 Undecan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1,2,4,5-TetMBenzen e 0.0 0 0.2 1 0.0 3 1,2,3,5-TetMBenzen e 0.0 0 0.2 8 0.0 6 1,2,3.4-TetMBenzen e 0.0 0 0.1 6 0.0 3 Naphthalen e 0.0 0 0.3 8 0.0 4 Dodecan e 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 FORMALDEHYD E 1.6 4 4.0 0 0.0 2 

## ASiWLBbfYtif i 6.74 " " 1.0 6 " '0.64' " MiWiMi^^

~ " 0.43 ~ " 0.68 6.02 ' ACETON E 6.1 9 0.3 4 0.0 2 PnaP)ONAtDEHYD £0.0 8 0.1 4 0.0 0 Gffi^ttNAIbEHYD S 6.'1 4 " '0.2 6 ' ' ' 0.W n-BUTYrtALDEHYD E 0.0 6 01 2 0 0 0 BUTANON E 0.0 6 0.1 2 0.0 0 BENZALDEHYD E 0.6 7 0.9 4 0.0 2 PENTANALDEHYD E 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.0 0 p-TOLUALOlUYD E 01 9 0,3 0 6,6 1 HEXANALDEHYD E 6.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Un c peaks t o CB M Olefin s 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.0 0 Un c peaks t o CB M Paraffin s 1.0 0 1.3 1 0.4 7 Un c peaks t o CB M Totuen e 0.1 4 0.2 4 0.1 2 Un c peak s t o CB M Xylen e 0.6 4 1.0 7 0.5 0 Un c peaks t o CB M Aldehyde s 0.4 2 0.6 4 0.0 0 Un c peaks t o CB M No n Reactiv e 0.0 0 1.9 7 0.0 3 Tota l specie s g/m i 1.3 3 2.0 1 1.0 0

Note : Shade d region s indicat e non-overlappin g emissio n range s Cm p T P Ga p Betwee n Wt % Ranges , Wt % Ma x

0.5 5 0.1 4 0.0 5 1.6 1 8.1 1 0.4 0 0.6 2 0.3 1 0.9 1 0.0 0 0.1 0 6:6 2 6.6 3 6 4 2 6 6 8 0 6 2 6 6 6 0.6 1 0.6 6 0.0 3 0.0 9 0.0 3 0.0 0 0.1 0 0.0 9 0.0 4 0.1 8 2.7 3 0.0 4 7.0 7 0.5 1 0 3 5 05 4 00 7 2 5 6 0.1 4 6,0 5 61 4 0 1 3 00 4 01 6 0 2 4 0 5 9 1.9 2 0.9 0 1.0 7 0.6 2 2.5 0 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 0 0.4 7 0.2 1 0.1 4 0.1 6 0.6 6 0.0 6 0.0 5 0.1 5 0.2 2 0.1 2 0.3 1 0.0 7 0.8 3 0.81 : 6.6 9 6.0 B 0.1 2 * 6.31 ; 6.5 3 0.0 5 0.0 4 6.0 3 0.1 * 0.0 5 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 4 0.1 8 0.4 9 0.0 1 .'v.:,-..0.06,,-V i :::',::•:••.

. :.:.0:-1 2 0.0 0 0.3 0 1.5 2 0.3 0 1.2 2 0.2 2 0.5 2 30.6 4 

## •