U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5127

Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta 

Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys in 

Parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, 

and Tioga Counties, New York

Hydrogeology 

 of the
Cover. Upper left—U.S. Geological Survey long-term monitoring well TI 891 (site number 421213076313301) near Spencer, New York 

Lower Right—A typical field set up of a horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) ambient-noise seismic survey.
Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta 

Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys in 

Parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, 

and Tioga Counties, New York

By Todd S. Miller and Lacey M. Pitman

Prepared in cooperation with the 

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5127

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Hydrogeology 

 of the
U.S. Department of the Interior

KEN SALAZAR, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012

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reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.

Suggested citation:

Miller, T.S., and Pitman, L.M., 2012, Hydrogeology of the stratified-drift aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk 

Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey 

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5127, 45 p., 3 pls., at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5127.
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................2

Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................2

Data Sources and Methods ................................................................................................................2

Wells and Well Locations.............................................................................................................................5

Surficial Deposits and Bedrock ..................................................................................................................5

Water Table and Conceptual Model of Groundwater Flow .................................................................19

Stratified-Drift Aquifers and Confining Units .................................................................................19

Recharge, Discharge, Water Table, and Direction of Groundwater Flow.................................20

Summary........................................................................................................................................................22

References Cited..........................................................................................................................................22

Appendix 1. Well data for Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, 

Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York.................................................................24

Figures

1. Map showing location of Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifers

in parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York .........................3

2. Map showing physiographic features of New York and location of the Cayuta 

Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifer study areas, New York..........................4

3. Map showing location of Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifers

and major lineaments that are faults and suspected faults in parts of Tompkins,

Tioga, Schuyler, and Chemung Counties, New York ...............................................................6

4. Map showing types of stratified-drift aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk

Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Tioga, Schuyler, and Chemung Counties, 

New York ........................................................................................................................................8

5. Geohydrologic section A–A’ across the Pony Hollow valley, along Connecticut 

Hill Road, Tompkins County, New York......................................................................................9

6. Geohydrologic section B–B’ across Pony Hollow valley, along Cayuta Road,

Tompkins County, New York......................................................................................................10

7. Geohydrologic section C–C’ across Cayuta Creek valley, 1.9 miles south of Cayuta,

Schuyler County, New York.......................................................................................................11

8. Geohydrologic section D–D’ across Cayuta Creek valley at Van Etten, Chemung

County, New York........................................................................................................................12

9. Geohydrologic section E–E’ across Cayuta Creek valley at North Waverly, Tioga

County, New York........................................................................................................................13

10. Geohydrologic section F–F’ across Catatonk Creek valley near Spencer Lake, 

Tioga County, New York .............................................................................................................14

11. Geohydrologic section G–G’ across Catatonk Creek valley, 0.6 mile east of the

border between Tioga and Chemung Counties, New York ..................................................15

12. Geohydrologic section H–H’ across Catatonk Creek valley, along West Candor

Road, Town of Candor, Tioga County, New York ....................................................................16

13. Geohydrologic section I–I’ across Catatonk Creek, 1.5 miles south of Village of

Candor, Tioga County, New York ..............................................................................................17
iv

Plates

1. Stratified-drift aquifers, basin boundaries, and location of wells, test borings,

geohydrologic lines of sections, and horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) ambient-noise 

seismic surveys in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys, in parts of Tompkins, 

Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York

2. Surficial deposits and lines of geologic sections in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk

Creek valleys, in parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York

3. Water table in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys, in parts of Tompkins,

Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York 

Conversion Factors, Datums, and Abbreviations

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Volume

gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L)

gallon (gal) 0.003785 cubic meter (m3)

Flow rate

gallon per minute (gal/min) 0.06309 liter per second (L/s)

inch per year (in/yr) 25.4 millimeter per year (mm/yr)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F=(1.8×°C)+32

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows:

°C=(°F–32)/1.8

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

14. Geohydrologic section J–J’ across the Catatonk Creek valley, 1.2 miles south of

Catatonk, Tioga County, New York ...........................................................................................18

15. Graph showing groundwater levels from January 1, 2004, to September 30, 2010, 

in well TI 891 (site number 421213076313301) near Spencer, New York............................21
v

List of Acronyms

H/V horizontal-to-vertical

LIDAR light detection and ranging

NYSDEC New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

SSURGO Soil Survey Geographic Database

USGS U.S. Geological Survey 
This page has been left blank intentionally.
' 76°30'

TIOGA COUNTY

CHEMUNG COUNTY

TOMPKINS COUNTY

CHUYLER

COUNTY

Marcellus 

Play area

Villag

Cand

Village of 

Spencer Village of 

Van Etten

Willseyville

Creek Valley

Hamlet of 

Cayuta

Hamlet 

of 

Alpine

Hamlet of

Willseyville

St. Lawrence

S

Riv er Basin

usquehanna River basin

Hamlet of

Danby

By Todd S. Miller and Lacey M. Pitman

Abstract

The surficial deposits, areal extent of aquifers, and 

the water-table configurations of the stratified-drift aquifer 

systems in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys 

and their large tributary valleys in Tompkins, Schuyler, 

Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York were mapped in 

2009, in cooperation with the New York State Department of 

Environmental Conservation. Well and test-boring records, 

surficial deposit maps, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) 

data, soils maps, and horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise 

seismic surveys were used to map the extent of the aquifers, 

construct geologic sections, and determine the depth to 

bedrock (thickness of valley-fill deposits) at selected locations. 

Geologic materials in the study area include sedimentary 

bedrock, unstratified drift (till), stratified drift (glaciolacustrine 

and glaciofluvial deposits), and recent alluvium. Stratified 

drift consisting of glaciofluvial sand and gravel is the major 

component of the valley fill in this study area. The deposits 

are present in sufficient amounts in most places to form 

extensive unconfined aquifers throughout the study area and, 

in some places, confined aquifers. Stratified drift consisting of 

glaciolacustrine fine sand, silt, and clay are present locally in 

valleys underlying the surficial sand and gravel deposits in the 

southern part of the Catatonk Creek valley. These unconfined 

and confined aquifers are the source of water for most 

residents, farms, and businesses in the valleys.

A generalized depiction of the water table in the 

unconfined aquifer was constructed using water-level 

measurements made from the 1950s through 2010, as well 

as LIDAR data that were used to determine the altitudes 

of perennial streams at 10-foot contour intervals and water 

surfaces of ponds and wetlands that are hydraulically 

connected to the unconfined aquifer. The configuration of 

the water-table contours indicate that the general direction of 

groundwater flow within Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek 

stratified-drift aquifers is predominantly from the valley walls 

toward the main streams in the valleys. The groundwater 

discharges from the aquifer system to the main-stem streams 

in the valleys. Locally, the direction of groundwater flow is 

radially away from groundwater mounds that have formed 

beneath upland tributaries that typically lose water where 

they flow on alluvial fans in the valleys. In some places, 

groundwater that would normally flow toward streams is 

intercepted by pumping wells.

Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and 

Catatonk Creek Valleys in Parts of Tompkins, 

Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York

Hydrogeology 

 of the
2 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

Introduction

In 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in 

cooperation with the New York State Department of 

Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), began an appraisal 

of the straitified-drift aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and 

Catatonk Creek valleys in Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and 

Tioga Counties, New York (fig. 1). This study is a continuation 

of a series of hydrogeologic appraisals done in cooperation 

with the NYSDEC. These reports provide a foundation for 

wellhead protection programs, water-resource management 

and planning decisions, and groundwater remediation activites 

in upstate New York. In addition, horizontal drilling and 

hydraulic-fracturing techniques have made the Marcellus 

Shale and Utica Shale gas-play areas (see inset map, fig. 1) 

an exploitable natural gas resource in the Northeast. Gas 

development in New York State will initially focus in the 

southern part in central New York, which is underlain by the 

Marcellus Shale and Utica Shale gas-play areas. State, county, 

municipal, and other governmental agencies are requesting 

hydrogeologic information that will help decision makers 

evaluate the potential effects of gas drilling and hydraulic 

fracturing operations on aquifers that supply potable water. 

Stratified-drift aquifers, which are the major sources of potable 

groundwater in New York, therefore need to be delineated and 

their basic hydrogeologic characteristics defined.

The 27-mile (mi)-long Cayuta Creek valley and the 

23-mi-long Catatonk Creek valley lie within the north-central 

part of the glaciated Appalachian Plateau in central New York 

(fig. 2). Cayuta Creek flows generally southward and enters 

the Susquehanna River at the Village of Waverly (fig. 1). 

Catatonk Creek initially flows southward from its headwaters 

to Spencer, then it flows eastward-northeastward from Spencer 

to Candor, where it then flows southeastward to the confluence 

with Owego Creek, which flows 2 mi southward before 

joining the Susquehanna River (fig. 1). 

The valleys are surrounded by rounded hills of 

moderately high relief ranging from 300 to 700 feet (ft) above 

the valley floor. The preglacial valleys that were oriented 

along the primary direction of glacier movement (north to 

south), such as Catatonk Creek valley north of the Village of 

Spencer, Cayuta Creek valley near the hamlets of Alpine and 

Cayuta, and Willseyville Creek valley north of the Village of 

Candor (fig. 1), were widened extensively and deepened by 

flowing ice and subglacial meltwater. Erosion by ice truncated 

bedrock hillsides (spurs) resulting in nearly straight, U-shaped 

bedrock troughs. The Finger Lakes in central New York are 

examples of bedrock troughs that are common along the 

northern rim of the Appalachian Plateau (fig. 2), and many 

of these troughs extend southward from the Finger Lakes 

to the northern rim of the plateau (fig. 2). Clayton (1965) 

referred to these Finger Lakes valleys as “intrusive troughs” 

that were carved when ice that flowed south from the Ontario 

Lowlands (fig. 2) encountered a landmass of higher altitude. 

Glacial meltwaters and post-glacial streams deposited large 

amounts of stratified drift in the main valleys. The stratified 

drift composed of coarse-grained sediments (sand and gravel) 

formed extensive aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk 

Creek valleys (fig. 1). These stratified-drift aquifers provide 

sources of water for most residents, farms, and businesses in 

the valleys.

Purpose and Scope

This report summarizes the hydrogeology of the 

straitified-drift aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk 

Creek valleys in Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga 

Counties, New York. Maps were constructed that depict 

aquifer extent, aquifer types, locations of wells and horizontalto-vertical (H/V) ambient-noise seismic surveys, surficial 

deposits, and water-table configurations. The extents of 

stratified-drift aquifers, and locations of wells, test borings, 

and seismic-surveys are shown in plate 1. The types of 

surficial deposits and lines of geologic sections are shown 

in plate 2. The water-table configuration is shown in plate 3. 

Geologic sections are shown in figures and a table of well data 

is included in an appendix. 

Data Sources and Methods

Regional-scale surficial-deposit maps by Muller and 

Cadwell (1986, scale 1:250,000) and R.S. Tarr (in Williams 

and others, 1909, scale 1:62,500) were modified for this 

study to construct a detailed surficial-deposits map at a 

scale of 1:24,000 using field mapping; and interpretations of 

topographic maps, soil maps (SSURGO digital soil-survey 

data; U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2008), and orthophotos. 

In addition, subsurface data including well- and test-drilling 

records and H/V ambient-noise seismic surveys (a geophysical 

method that was used to estimate the thickness of sediments 

over bedrock) were collected at 50 sites (plate 1). The H/V 

ambient-noise seismic method uses a single, broadband 

three-component seismometer to record ambient seismic 

noise. The ratio of the averaged H/V frequency spectrum is 

used to determine the fundamental site resonance frequency, 

which can be interpreted using regression equations to 

estimate sediment thickness and depth to bedrock (Lane and 

others, 2008).
Introduction 3

Figure 1. Location of Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifers in parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and 

Tioga Counties, New York.

Miller_fig 01

0 5 10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

TIOGA COUNTY

CHEMUNG COUNTY

TOMPKINS COUNTY

SCHUYLER

COUNTY

PENNSYLVANNIA

NEW YORK

EXPLANATION

Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift

aquifer

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift

aquifer

General direction of surface-water flow

Cayuta Creek Basin boundary

(subbasin of the Susquehanna River

Basin (not shown)

Catatonk Creek Basin boundary

(subbasin of the Susquehanna River Basin

(not shown)

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, Seamless Data Distribution System,

accessed in 2009 at http://seamless.usgs.gov Universal Transverse 

Mercator projection, Zone 18

Village of 

Candor

Village of 

Owego

Village of 

Waverly

Village of 

Spencer

Willseyville

Creek Valley

Hamlet of 

Cayuta

Hamlet 

of 

Alpine

Hamlet of

Willseyville

St. Lawrence

S

Riv er Basin

usquehanna River Basin Owego Creek

Basin (subbasin of 

the Susquehanna

River Basin

Hamlet of

Danby

Village of 

Van Etten

Susquehanna River Susquehanna River

Creek

Owego

NEW

YORK

Map area

Utica Shale 

Play area

Marcellus Shale 

Play area

76°45' 76°30'

42°15'

42°
Figure 2. Physiographic features of New York and location of the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift 

aquifer study areas, New York.

4 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

Miller_fig 02

LAKE ONTARIO

Modified from Cressey, 1966, figure 9

Mohawk

Lowlands

CANADA

0 50 100 MILES

0 50 100 KILOMETERS ATLANTIC OCEAN

LONG ISLAND SOUND

Erie 

Lowlands

Appalachian Plateau

(hills of moderate relief)

Appalachian Plateau

(hills of moderate relief)

Finger Lakes and hills of the 

Appalachian Plateau

(severly eroded low relief) LAKE ERIE

Catatonk Creek stratified-drift 

aquifer study area (in red)

Cayuta Creek stratified-drift 

aquifer study area (in blue)

45°

80° 78° 76° 74° 72°

43°

41°

NEW YORK

PENNSYLVANNIA

Valley Heads

Moraine

VERMONT

MASSACHUSETTS

NEW 

HAMPSHIRE

CONNECTICUT

NEW JERSEY

Triassic Lowland

Ontario Lowlands

Tug

 Hill

 Plateau

New England Uplands

Hudson 

Lowlandss

St. Lawrence-Champlain

Lowlands

Adirondack Mountains

Atlantic Coastal Plain

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1972, 1:2,000,000

Albers Equal-Area Conic projection

Standard parallels 20°30' and 45°30', central meridian -96°00'

Watkins Glen

brine field
Introduction 5

Sources of well and test-boring data include previous 

USGS groundwater studies by Wetterhall (1959), Randall 

(1972), McPherson and Miller (1994), and Miller and Karig 

(2010), the USGS National Water Information System 

(NWIS), the NYSDEC Water Well Drillers Registration 

Program (well records from 2000 to 2010), and the New 

York State Department of Transportation (appendix). Well, 

test-boring, and seismic data (plate 1), and surficial deposits 

data (plate 2), were used to define and map the extent of the 

aquifers, determine the aquifer type (unconfined, confined, or 

both), depict the geologic stratigraphy in 10 geohydrologic 

sections, and determine the depth to bedrock (thickness of 

unconsolidated valley-fill deposits) at selected locations. 

Most well and test-boring records included groundwater-level 

measurements that were used along with altitudes of stream 

channels and ponds determined from Light Detection and 

Ranging (LIDAR) data to construct a generalized water-table 

map of the aquifers (plate 3).

Wells and Well Locations

A total of 367 well and test-boring records were compiled 

for this study (plate 1 and appendix). A total of 111 well 

records and 13 test-boring records were collected and 

compiled for the Cayuta Creek stratified-drift aquifer study 

area; and 236 well records and 7 test-boring records were 

collected and compiled for the Catatonk Creek stratified-drift 

aquifer study area. The locations of wells from the NYSDEC 

Water Well Drillers Registration Program were field checked 

by USGS personnel. The altitudes of land surface at the 

wells were determined from LIDAR data, where available 

(LIDAR data are available in all of Tompkins and Chemung 

Counties, and in parts of Tioga County). In areas with no 

LIDAR data (Schuyler County and in parts of Tioga County), 

the altitudes of land surface at the wells were estimated from 

USGS 1:24,000 scale topographic contour maps. Water-level 

measuring points were referenced to land surface. In areas 

where LIDAR data (accuracy is 0.5 to 1 foot (ft)) were used, 

a more accurate altitude of the water table (plate 3) was 

constructed compared with areas where LIDAR data were 

not available (accuracy is plus or minus 5 ft in areas where 

altitudes were determined from 1:24,000 scale topographic 

contour maps).

Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 

Geologic materials in the study area include sedimentary 

bedrock, unstratified drift (till), stratified drift (glaciolacustrine 

and glaciofluvial deposits), and recent alluvium (plate 2). 

Bedrock that crops out at land surface in the study area 

consists of Upper to Middle Devonian interfingering 

shales and siltstones with some fine-grained sandstones, 

limestones, and dolostones that were deposited in seas 

416–359.2 million years ago (Rickard and Fisher, 1970). The 

study area lies at the transition between the thick sequence 

of coarse clastic rocks of the Catskill Delta facies to the east 

and thinner, equivalent and more laterally extensive marine 

rocks to the west. Bedrock crops out at land surface along the 

flanks of many of the valleys and on hilltops. The strata were 

uplifted during the Alleghenian Orogeny during the end of the 

Paleozoic Era about 280–320 million years ago (Isachsen and 

others, 1991). The regional dip of the strata is southward at 

40 to 60 feet per mile (ft/mi); however, the strata are warped 

into shallow open folds with axes trending east to northeast, 

which result in local variations in dip and, in some places, 

reversal of dip. 

Many of the valley reaches in the study area follow 

predominant lineaments (fig. 3), some of which reflect zones 

of concentrated fractures, known faults, and “suspected faults” 

(Jacobi, 2002; Podwysocki and others, 1982; Pohn, 1981; and 

Stone & Webber, 1978). These zones of concentrated fractures 

and faults controlled the development of the configuration of 

the major valleys in the study area. The drainage pattern of 

Catatonk Creek valley has a conspicuous reticular pattern that 

suggests it was controlled by lineaments and which contrasts 

with the dendritic drainage pattern present in the uplands 

where valley configuration is less influenced by lineaments. 

Although, the presence of concentrated fracture zones and 

faults in these valleys was not confirmed everywhere because 

of a sparsity of deep well logs, their presence was based on 

several other sources of data including: (1) digital contrast 

enhancement of several Landsat multispectral scanner 

images, (2) analysis of lineament patterns from a Landsat 

MSS-7 mosaic, (3) field mapping of bedrock joint patterns, 

(4) compilation and analysis of surface and subsurface 

structure and isopach maps, (5) collection and digital analysis 

of aeromagnetic data for southern New York, (6) compilation 

and analysis of aeromagnetic and gravity data for much of 

New York and Pennsylvania, and (7) analysis of seismic 

reflection survey lines for selected portions of New York 

and Pennsylvania.

Some faults and fractures result in disturbed zones 

of crushed rock, which locally enhance the secondary 

permeability of the rock. If the faulted zones were not sealed 

by precipitation of minerals from hydrothermal fluids, then 

the secondary permeabilty along these zones could act as 

conduits through which groundwater (as well as methanerich fluids) may migrate (Fountain and Jacobi, 2000). Some 

fracture zones and faults are vertical to near-vertical and 

pass through gently dipping strata that act as confining 

units, thereby creating a local hydraulic connection between 

vertically-stacked geohydrologic units. For example, when 

a 2,900-ft-deep vertical well (well 29, Jacoby and Dellwig, 

1974) at the Watkins Glen brine field (fig. 2) was hydraulically 

fractured, brine flowed up to land surface reportedly through 

a large north-south trending shear fault that has an estimated 

1,200 ft horizontal displacement (Jacoby and Dellwig, 1974). 

Likewise, should vertical faults extend from a gas-producing 

formation to beneath the bottom of the stratified-drift aquifers 
Miller_fig 03

0 5 10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

PENNSYLVANNIA

NEW YORK

TIOGA COUNTY

CHEMUNG COUNTY

TOMPKINS COUNTY

SCHUYLER

COUNTY

76°45' 76°30'

42°15'

42°0'

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, Seamless Data Distribution System, accessed in 2009 

at http://seamless.usgs.gov Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 18

EXPLANATION

Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer

Major lineaments that are faults and suspected faults 

(Lineaments mapped by Podwysocki and others, 1982)

Village of 

Owego

Village of 

Waverly

Village of 

Village of Spencer

Van Etten

Hamlet of 

Cayuta

Hamlet 

of 

Alpine

Hamlet of

Willseyville

Village of 

Candor

6 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

Figure 3. Location of Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifers and major lineaments that are faults 

and suspected faults in parts of Tompkins, Tioga, Schuyler, and Chemung Counties, New York.
Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 7

in the valleys, it also is possible that methane, methane-rich 

fluids, and fracking fluids could migrate upward via the faults 

during the hydrofracking of the gas-producing formation 

and contaminate sand and gravel aquifers. Because of the 

presence and nature of these fracture zones, it is important 

that hydrofracking operations evaluate the presence of major 

faults and zones of concentrated fractures in order to avoid the 

risk of gases and fluids migrating upward and contaminating 

shallow aquifers that are sources of potable water to many 

residents and communities.

The study area has undergone several major glaciations 

during the Pleistocene Epoch, commonly referred to as 

the Ice Age, which began 2.6 million years ago and ended 

11,850 years before present, with the end date expressed in 

radiocarbon years (Fullerton, 1980). Most glacial sediments 

were deposited during the end of the most recent (Wisconsin) 

glacial epoch. The epoch lasted from about 95,000 to 

11,850 years ago with most of the glacial sediments deposited 

from about 20,000 to 11,850 years ago. 

The unstratified glacial drift in the study area consists 

of till (plate 2), which is an unsorted mixture of clay, silt, 

sand, gravel, and rocks that were deposited directly by glacial 

ice, rather than by meltwater. The larger gravel and rock 

clasts, which typically are embedded in a fine-grained matrix 

consisting of clay, silt, and very fine sand, range in size from 

pebbles to boulders. In most places in the uplands, a layer of 

till that directly overlies bedrock is the sole unconsolidated 

deposit. Till typically has low hydraulic conductivity and, 

therefore, does not form aquifers.

Stratified-drift deposits consisting of glaciofluvial, 

glaciolacustrine, and recent deposits (alluvial sand and gravel, 

and paludal swamp and marsh sediments) are present in the 

valleys (plate 2). Stratified sediments consisting of coarsegrained sediment (glaciolfluvial and alluvial sand and gravel) 

are the major components of the valley fill in the two study 

areas. Large amounts of fluvial sediments were deposited 

by glacial meltwaters as the ice retreated and by post-glacial 

streams. Glaciofluvial and alluvial deposits typically are found 

in sufficient thicknesses to form extensive unconfined aquifers 

throughout the study area, as well as some locally confined 

aquifers (fig. 4). The geologic framework that forms the 

aquifers and confining units are depicted in 10 geohydrologic 

sections at selected locations in the valleys (sections A–A′ 

through J–J′ in figures 5 through 14, respectively).

In some parts of the study area, fine-grained stratified 

drift consists of glaciolacustrine fine sand, silt, and clay that 

underlie the coarse-grained glaciofluvial and recent deposits. 

Glaciolacustrine sediments, as well as till have low hydraulic 

conductivity and form local confining units (figs. 4, 13, and 

14). Glaciolacustrine sediments are more prevalent in the 

Catatonk Creek valley than in the Cayuta Creek valley. In the 

Cayuta Creek valley, glaciolacustrine sediments typically are 

present only where depth to bedrock is deep (more than 75 to 

100 ft), such as between the hamlets of Alpine and Cayuta in 

the northern part of the valley. In the Catatonk Creek valley, 

glaciolacustrine sediments typically are present where depth 

to bedrock is also deep (more than 75 to 100 ft) and, locally, 

where the valley fill is less than 75 ft thick, such as in the 

southern part of the valley (fig. 13). 

Recent deposits of Holocene age, including alluvium 

and alluvial fans, comprise a major portion of the stratified 

deposits in many parts of the study area (plate 2, figs. 7 

and 11). The prevalence of alluvial deposits in many places 

indicates that post-glacial erosion of the uplands contributed a 

large volume of sediment that has accumulated in the valleys. 

A prominent geologic feature in the northern part of the 

study area is the Valley Heads Moraine (plate 2), which is 

part of the most extensive moraine system in New York State 

(fig. 2) and forms the drainage divide in major valleys between 

the St. Lawrence and Susquehanna River Basins (fig. 1). This 

large moraine was deposited during a readvance of ice during 

the late Wisconsinan Period. Large amounts of sediment were 

deposited at the terminus of a stagnant ice lobe that extended 

several miles south from the main ice massif and into the 

northern part of the study area. 

The thickness of unconsolidated sediments beneath 

the Valley Heads Moraine ranges from 150 ft to more than 

200 ft. The moraine includes hummocky kames and kettles, 

kame terraces, and large channels that were former outwash 

channels and outlets for proglacial lakes that occupied the 

valleys to the north of the moraine (plate 2). The kame- and 

kettle ice-disintegration landforms and the absence of endmoraine ridges are topographic evidence indicating that the 

margin of the Valley Heads Moraine ice melted under stagnant 

ice conditions. The moraine is composed mostly of coarsegrained (sand and gravel) kame end-moraine deposits (fig. 10) 

that were transported by meltwaters flowing beneath, within, 

and on top of the ice. In some places, along the margins 

and on top of the kame end-moraine deposits are outwash, 

alluvial inwash, and recent alluvium (plate 2 and fig. 10). The 

stratigraphy in the deep zones beneath the moraine is unknown 

because there are few well data in the deep parts of the valley 

fill. Wells finished in the backside (north) of the moraine in the 

Willseyville Creek valley penetrate a complex sequence of till, 

glaciofluvial sand and gravel, and glaciolacustrine fine sand, 

silt, and clay. 

In the headwaters of Catatonk Creek and Willseyville 

Creek valleys, the bedrock valley floor rises in altitude 

southward from the Finger Lake troughs (about 10 mi north 

of the moraine, fig. 2) to about a mile or two south of the 

Valley Heads Moraine (which coincided where former 

bedrock saddles formed preglacial drainage divides). At the 

former preglacial drainage divides, the bedrock floor levels 

off and then begins to decrease in altitude with a gentle slope 

to the south. The thickness of the valley-fill deposits is much 

less to the south of the former preglacial drainage divides 

(thicknesses typically range from 30 to 100 ft in the Cayuta 

Creek valley and from 40 to 150 ft in the Catatonk Creek 

valley) than it is to the north of the former preglacial drainage 

divides (thicknesses typically range from 200 ft to more than 

300 ft).
8 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

Figure 4. Types of stratified-drift aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Tioga, 

Schuyler, and Chemung Counties, New York.

Miller_fig 04

PENNSYLVANNIA

NEW YORK

0 5 10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

TIOGA COUNTY

CHEMUNG COUNTY

TOMPKINS COUNTY

SCHUYLER

COUNTY

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, Seamless Data Distribution System,

accessed in 2009 at http://seamless.usgs.gov Universal Transverse 

Mercator projection, Zone 18

NEW YORK

Map

area

EXPLANATION

Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer

Mainly unconfined

Unconfined and confined, may be 

complex (multiple aquifers)

Unconfined and possibly confined Unconfined (thin)

Unconfined (thin) and confined Unconfined, unknown at depth

Unconfined (thin) unknown at depth Confined, may be some unconfined

Unknown Confined

Village of 

Candor

Village of 

Owego

Village of 

Waverly

Village of 

Village of Spenser

Van Etten

Hamlet of

Willseyville

Hamlet of 

Cayuta

Hamlet 

of 

Alpine

76°45' 76°30'

42°15'

42°
Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 

9Figure 5. Geohydrologic section A–A’ across the Pony Hollow valley, along Connecticut Hill Road, Tompkins County, New York. Miller_fig 05

H/V

1,190

TD 58

TM 18

EXPLANATION

Alluvial deposits of Holocene age Till of late Wisconsin age

Bedrock—Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, 

and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones and dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 to 60 feet per mile

Devonian-age rocks 

Water tablePotentiometric contour—Shows altitude 

at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. Datum is NAVD 88. Arrow shows general direction of groundwater flow

Geologic contacts Hydrologic symbols

Accurately to approximately locatedUnknown

Channel and flood-plain alluvium—Stream-deposited 

gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Forms part of the unconfined aquifer

Well and site name—Site name is assigned by the 

U.S. Geological Survey. TM = Tompkins County, number following TM is sequential well number, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well

Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise

seismic measurement—Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock

Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly 

lodgment till)—Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam

Outwash sand and gravel—Chiefly sand and gravel 

beneath terrace remnants; as valley trains and beneath outwash plains; as fans and aprons; as delta topset beds.Forms the main part of the unconfined aquifer in the valley

? ? ? ?

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5

VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988

Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age

Alluvial-fan deposits—A complex of gravel, sand, silt, and 

clay deposited as fans by upland tributaries where they join the main valley. Forms part of the unconfined aquifer

osg

tl al

af

r

Feet

H/V

H/V

H/V

H/V

H/V

1,3001,2001,1001,000 500 0 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

TM 17 PROJECTED

TM 18

Pony Creek

FEET

1,3001,2001,1001,000

FEET

NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST

A A'

? ? ?

al af

af

tl tl

osg osg

r

r

r

TD 58

TD 120

1,185

1,195

1,190 1,190

1,195
10 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

Figure 6. Geohydrologic section B–B’ across Pony Hollow valley, along Cayuta Road, Tompkins County, New York. Miller_fig 06

#

H/V

TD 59

TM2511

Feet

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5

VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988

EXPLANATION

Alluvial deposits of Holocene ageAlluvial deposits of Wisconsin and Holocene age

Undifferentiated alluvial sand and gravel (unknown origin)— 

Forms lower part of a confined aquifer where overlain by till, otherwise, it forms an unconfined aquifer where not confined

Till of late Wisconsin ageDevonian-age rocks 

Geologic contacts 

Accurately to approximately locatedInferredUnknown

Channel and flood-plain alluvium—Stream-deposited gravel, 

sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer

Outwash sand—Chiefly sand or sand and silt containing scattered 

pebbles. Forms upper part of a confined aquifer where overlain by till, otherwise, it forms an unconfined aquifer where not confined

Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly lodgment 

till)—Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly calcareous loam, silt loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam

Ground-moraine deposits in valley fill (valley facies)

—

Till that typically consists of subangular to rounded clasts (fine pebbles to coarse cobbles) embedded in a fine-grained matrix. Sometimes this unit may be misidentified as till (referred to by drillers as hardpan) where it actually may be dirty gravel. Forms a confining unit, where present

Inwash sand and gravel—Chiefly sand and gravel that were 

transported by upland tributary streams or outlets to proglacial lakes and that were deposited in the valley. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer

? ? ? ?

Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise seismic 

measurement—Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock

Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age

1,190

Water table 

Potentiometric contour—Shows altitude 

at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. Datum is NAVD 88. Arrow shows general direction of groundwater flow

Hydrologic symbols

os

ud

tv

tl

isg

al

Bedrock—Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, 

and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones and dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 to 60 feet per mile

Well and site name—Site name is assigned 

by the U.S. Geological Survey. TM = Tompkins County, number following TM is sequential well number, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well

H/V

1,125

H/V

H/V

H/V (projected)

900

1,2501,2001,1001,000

500 0 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000

TM2511

TM 4

TM 3 (Projected)

Pony Creek

FEET FEET

1,2501,2001,1001,000900

NORTH SOUTH

B

B'

? ? ? ? ?

??

TD 26

TD 60

TD 59

r

r

r

r

os

ud

tv

tl

tl

isg isg isg

al

1,120

1,115
Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 11Figure 7. Geohydrologic section C–C’ across Cayuta Creek valley, 1.9 miles south of Cayuta, Schuyler County, New York. Miller_fig 07

TD 53

TD 33

TD 119

TD 36

*

H/V

TD 53

1,080

SY 726

EXPLANATION

Alluvial deposits of Holocene ageGlaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age

Till of late Wisconsin age

Devonian-age rocks 

Geologic contacts 

Accurately to approximately located

Channel and flood-plain alluvium—Stream-deposited 

gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer

Alluvial-fan deposits—A complex of gravel, sand, silt, 

and clay deposited as fans by upland tributaries where they join the main valley. The lower portion of the unit may be comprised of outwash sand and gravel. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer

Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise

seismic measurement—Asteriskdenotes computed depth to bedrock

Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly 

lodgment till)—Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam

Ice-contact (kame) sand and gravel—Chiefly in kames, 

interlobate moraines, kame deltas, kame fans, eskers, and ice-fracture fillings. Hummocks, mounds, ridges, and knobs typically characterize the landscape. Iceblock depressions are common in some areas. Forms part of the unconfined aquifer along the valley wall

Feet

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5

VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988

Inferred

Water table 

Potentiometric contour—Shows altitude 

at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. Datum is NAVD 88. Arrow shows general direction of groundwater flow

Hydrologic symbols

al

af

tl

r

k

Bedrock—Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, 

and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones and dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 to 60 feet per mile

Well and site name—Site name is assigned 

by the U.S. Geological Survey. SY = Schuyler County, number following SY is sequential well number, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well

H/V

1,2501,2001,1501,1001,0501,000 500 0 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500

SY 726 

SY1556

1,090

Cayuta Creek

FEET

1,2501,2001,1501,1001,0501,000

FEET

SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST

C C'

SY1372, SY1363

SY 728 al

af

tl

tl

tl

r

r

r

k

*

1,085

1,080
12 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

Figure 8. Geohydrologic section D–D’ across Cayuta Creek valley at Van Etten, Chemung County, New York. Miller_fig 08

?

TD 80

TD 95

TD 27

*

H/V

TD 80

980

CM1058EXPLANATION

Alluvial deposits of Holocene age

Till of late Wisconsin ageDevonian-age rocks

Geologic contacts 

Accurately to approximately locatedUnknown

Channel and flood-plain alluvium—Stream-deposited gravel, 

sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer

Man-made land—Artificial fill

Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise seismic

measurement—Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock

Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly 

lodgment till)—Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam

? ? ? ?

Feet

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION x 5

VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1988

Alluvial-fan deposits—A complex of gravel, sand, silt, and clay 

deposited as fans by upland tributaries where they join the main valley. The lower portion of the unit may be comprised of outwash sand and gravel. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer

Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age

Ice-contact (kame) sand and gravel—Chiefly in kames, 

interlobate moraines, kame deltas, kame fans, eskers, and ice-fracture fillings. Hummocks, mounds, ridges, and knobs typically characterize the landscape. Iceblock depressions are common in some areas. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer

Inferred

Water table 

Potentiometric contour—Shows altitude 

at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. Datum is NAVD 88. Arrow shows general direction of groundwater flow

Hydrologic symbols

alaf

k

Bedrock—Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, 

and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones and dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 to 60 feet per mile

Well and site name—Site name is assigned 

by the U.S. Geological Survey. CM = Chemung County, number following CM is sequential well number, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well

H/V

H/V (projected)

H/V (projected)

850800

1,100

950900

1,0501,000

500 0 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000

CM1058

CM1042

CM 935

Railroad 

Cayuta Creek

Cayuta Creek

FEET

1,1001,0501,000950900850800

FEET

SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST

D

D'

? ? ? ?

k

r

r

r

r

r

al al af

tl

tl

* *

*

985

980
Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 13Figure 9. Geohydrologic section E–E’ across Cayuta Creek valley at North Waverly, Tioga County, New York. Miller_fig 09

TD 125

TD 84

TD 109

TD 75

TD 84

TI 36

EXPLANATION

Till of late Wisconsin age

Devonian-age rocks Geologic contacts 

Accurately to approximately located

Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly 

lodgment till)—Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam

Feet

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5

VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988

Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age

Outwash sand and gravel—Chiefly sand and gravel 

beneath terrace remnants; as valley trains and beneath outwash plains; as fans and aprons; as delta topset beds. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer

Inferred

Water table

Potentiometric contour—Shows altitude 

at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. Datum is NAVD 88. Arrow shows general direction of groundwater flow

Hydrologic symbols

815

r osg

tl

Bedrock—Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, 

and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones and dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 to 60 feet per mile

Well and site name—Site name is assigned 

by the U.S. Geological Survey. TI = Tioga County, number following TI is sequential well number, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well

950900850800750700650

500 0 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000

FEET FEET

950900850800750700650

WEST EAST

E E'

TI 381, TI 386

Cayuta Creek

Pond

TI 36

TI 35

TI 37

r

r

r

osg

osg

tl

tl

815

820
14 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

Figure 10. Geohydrologic section F–F’ across Catatonk Creek valley near Spencer Lake, Tioga County, New York. Miller_fig 10

TD 42

TD 76

TD 59

TD 128

TD 79

TD 59

TI1659

EXPLANATION

Till of late Wisconsin ageDevonian-age rocks 

Water table

Geologic contacts 

Accurately to approximately located

Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly lodgment 

till)—Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam

Feet

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5

VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988

Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age

Glaciolacustrine (lake) deposits of Wisconsin age

Outwash sand and gravel—Chiefly sand and gravel beneath 

terrace remnants; as valley trains and beneath outwash plains; as fans and aprons; as delta topset beds. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer along the western part of the valley

Kame end-moraine deposits—Chiefly sand and gravel deposits 

that form (1) linear or arcuate, ridges; (2) kame complex accumulations of ice-contact deposits in mounds, knobs, and hummocks; or (3) ice-contact deposits in belts of any or all of the latter landforms. The sediments were deposited at or near a stagnating glacial ice margin. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer

Silt and sand—Chiefly off-shore and near-shore deposits 

of former glacial and postglacial lakes; some deposits are in small separate basins. Forms the lower part of the unconfined aquifer in the eastern part of the valley. Extent is unknown elsewhere

Inferred

Alluvial deposits of Holocene age

Channel and flood-plain alluvium—Stream-deposited gravel, 

sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer

H/VHorizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise seismic measurement—Asterisk 

denotes computed depth to bedrock

Unknown ? ? ? ?

al

tl

lss

r

osg

ke

Bedrock—Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, 

and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones and dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 to 60 feet per mile

Well and site name—Site name is assigned 

by the U.S. Geological Survey. TI = Tioga County, number following TI is sequential well number, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well

Hydrologic symbols

?

?

? ?

?

? ? ?

1,100

950900850800

1,0501,000

500 0 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500

FEET

1,1001,0501,000950900850800

FEET

WEST EAST

F

F'

Michigan Creek

H/V

H/V

H/V

HV (projected)

TI 720 (projected)

TI 701D (projected)

TI1659 (projected)

TI1182 (projected)

TI 567 (projected)

al

tl

lss

r

r

r

osg ke

ke
Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 15Figure 11. Geohydrologic section G–G’ across Catatonk Creek valley, 0.6 mile east of the border between Tioga and Chemung Counties, New York. Miller_fig 11

H/V

TD 53

TI 891

EXPLANATION

Alluvial deposits of Holocene age

Till of late Wisconsin age

Devonian-age rocks 

Geologic contacts 

Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise seismic 

Accurately to approximately located

measurement—Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock

Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly 

lodgment till)—Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam

Feet

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5

VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988

Alluvial-fan deposits—A complex of gravel, sand, silt, 

and clay deposited as fans by upland tributaries where they join the main valley. The lower portion of theunit may be comprised of outwash or kame sand and gravel. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer

Man-made land—Artificial fill

Swamp deposits of Holocene age

Inferred

Fresh-water swamp deposits—Chiefly (1) muck, mucky 

peat, and organic residues mixed with fine sand, silt, and clay or (2) organic debris, muck, and, locally, peat mixed with fine sand, silt, and clay in areas that intermittently are covered by standing water

1,000

Water table

Potentiometric contour—Shows altitude 

at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. Datum is NAVD 88. Arrow shows general direction of groundwater flow

Hydrologic symbols

tl

hsaf

Bedrock—Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, 

and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones and dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 to 60 feet per mile

Well and site name—Site name is assigned 

by the U.S. Geological Survey. TI = Tioga County, number following TI is sequential well number, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well

H/V

Railroad

950900850

1,1001,0501,000

500 0 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

TI1701

Small stream that drains wetland FEET FEET 1,100 1,050

1,000950900850

SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST

G G'

TI 891

995

1,005 1,010 1,015

r

r

r

r

tl

tl hs

af

af

TD 59

TD 53

1,000
16 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

Figure 12. Geohydrologic section H–H’ across Catatonk Creek valley, along West Candor Road, Town of Candor, Tioga County, New York. Miller_fig 12

H/V

TD 32

TI1301

EXPLANATION

Alluvial deposits of Holocene age Till of late Wisconsin age

Devonian-age rocks 

Geologic contacts 

Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noiseseismic measurementAccurately to approximately located

—Asterisk 

denotes computed depth to bedrock

Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly lodgment till)—Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly calcareous loam, silt loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam

Feet

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5

VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988

Alluvial-fan deposits—A complex of gravel, sand, silt, and clay deposited as fans by upland tributaries where they join the main valley. The lower portion of theunit may be comprised of outwash or kame sand and gravel. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer

Inferred

Channel and flood-plain alluvium—Stream-deposited gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer

Outwash sand and gravel—Chiefly sand and gravel beneath terrace remnants; as valley trains and beneath outwash plains; as fans and aprons; as delta topset beds. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer

945

Water table

Potentiometric contour—Shows altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. Datum is NAVD 88. Arrows shows general direction of groundwater flow

Hydrologic symbols

alaf

al

tl

al

osg

osg

osg

osg

Bedrock—Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones and dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 to 60 feet per mile

Well and site name—Site name is assigned by the U.S. Geological Survey. TI = Tioga County, number following TI is sequential well number, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well

Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age

r

r

r

r

H/V

950900850850

1,1001,0501,000

500 0 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500

TI1395

FEET

1,1001,0501,000950900850850

FEET

SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST

H

H'

Catatonk Creek

BEND IN

SECTION

TI 706 (Gas exploration well, projected)

TI1301

TI1463

? ? ? ?

H/Vaf

tl tl

940

945

945

950

TD 58

TD 3,150

TD 32

TD 160

+
Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 17Figure 13. Geohydrologic section I–I’ across Catatonk Creek, 1.5 miles south of Village of Candor, Tioga County, New York. Miller_fig 13

TD 35

TD 97

TD 58

TD 56

TD 53

TD 75

TD 37

TD 59

*

*

H/V

TD 75

TI 727

EXPLANATION

Alluvial deposits of Holocene ageGlaciolacustrine (lake) deposits of Wisconsin age

Till of late Wisconsin ageDevonian-age rocks 

Geologic contacts 

Accurately to approximately located

Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly lodgment 

till)—Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam

Feet

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5

VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988

Alluvial-fan deposits—A complex of gravel, sand, silt, 

and clay deposited as fans by upland tributaries where they join the main valley. The lower portion of theunit may be comprised of outwash or kame sand and gravel. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer

Silt and sand—Chiefly off-shore and near-shore 

deposits of former glacial and postglacial lakes; some deposits are in small separate basins. The deposits are thin and discontinuous in some areas. Forms a confining unit where composed mostly of silt and a semi-confining unit where composed mostly of sand

Inferred

Channel and flood-plain alluvium—Stream-deposited 

gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer

Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age

Undifferentiated glaciofluvial sand and gravel (unknown 

origin)—Forms a confined aquifer where overlain by glaciolacustrine silt and sand, however it forms an unconfined aquifer where not confined in the east part of the valley

866

Potentiometric contour—Shows 

altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 2 feet. Datum is NAVD 88. Arrows shows general direction of groundwater flow

ud

r

ud

ud

ud

af

lss

tl

al

Bedrock—Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, 

and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones and dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 to 60 feet per mile

Well and site name—Site name is assigned 

by the U.S. Geological Survey. TI = Tioga County, number following TI is sequential well number, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well

Water table

Hydrologic symbols

Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise seismic measurement—

Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock

tl

H/V

950900850800750

1,000

500 0 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500

TI 663 (projected)

TI1253

TI 515D (projected)

TI 277

TI 738D (projected)

TI 401

Catatonk Creek

FEET FEET

1,000950900850800750

SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST

I I'

TI 279

TI 278

r

r

r lss lss

af af

af

al

870

866

864

868

862
18 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

Figure 14. Geohydrologic section J–J’ across the Catatonk Creek valley, 1.2 miles south of Catatonk, Tioga County, New York. Miller_fig 14

TD 52

TD 37 TD 131

H/V

TD 37

TI 363

EXPLANATION

Alluvial deposits of Holocene age

Till of late Wisconsin age

Devonian-age rocks 

Geologic contacts 

Accurately to approximately located

Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ambient-noise

measurement—Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock

Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly 

lodgment till)—Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt loam,sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam

Feet

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5

VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988

Alluvial-fan deposits—A complex of gravel, sand, silt, and clay 

deposited as fans by upland tributaries where they join the main valley. The lower portion of the unit may be comprised of outwash or kame sand and gravel. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer

Inferred

Channel and flood-plain alluvium—Stream-deposited gravel, 

sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer

Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age (continued)

Outwash sand and gravel—Chiefly sand and gravel beneath 

terrace remnants; as valley trains and beneath outwash plains; as fans and aprons; as delta topset beds. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer

Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age

Ice-contact (kame) sand and gravel—Chiefly in kames, interlobate moraines, kame deltas, kame fans, eskers, and icefracture fillings. Hummocks, mounds, ridges, and knobs typically 

characterize the landscape. Ice-block depressions are common in some areas. The unit is probably mostly unsaturated or seasonally saturated

Undifferentiated glaciofluvial sand and gravel 

(unknown origin)—Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer in the west part of the valley and of the confined aquifer in the east part of the valley

830

Potentiometric contour—Shows 

altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 2 feet. Datum is NAVD 88. Arrows shows general direction of groundwater flow

alaf

tl

r

osg

ud

k

k

Bedrock—Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, 

and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones and dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 to 60 feet per mile 

Well and site name—Site name is assigned 

by the U.S. Geological Survey. TI = Tioga County, number following TI is sequential well number, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well 

Water table 

Hydrologic symbols

H/V

H/V

950900850800750

1,000

500 0 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500

TI1469

TI1363

TI 375

FEET FEET

1,000950900850800750

SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST

J J'

Catatonk Creek

al

af

tl tl

tl

r

r

r

osg

ud

ud

830

828

828

830

832

832
Water Table and Conceptual Model of Groundwater Flow 19

In the northern part of the study area, the drainage divide 

in the major valleys (Pony Hollow, headwaters of Cayuta 

Creek near Alpine, Catatonk Creek north of the Village of 

Spencer and headwaters of Willseyville Creek) crosses broad 

valleys whose valley floors slope gently to the south from 

the divide. In front (south) of the Valley Heads Moraine, 

meltwaters deposited large amounts of outwash sand and 

gravel in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys. These 

outwash deposits form the largest aquifer units in the study 

area. The outwash deposits are coarsest and thickest (as much 

as 100 ft thick) close to the front of the Valley Heads Moraine, 

which was near the source of the sediment and where the 

stream gradient of meltwaters was steepest. The thickness 

of the outwash and the grain sizes of clasts decrease with 

increasing distance southward from the moraine. 

In the 27-mi-long Cayuta Creek valley, outwash, kame, 

and recent alluvial sediments are the predominant deposits 

(plate 2 and figs. 5–9). In the 23-mi-long Catatonk Creek 

valley, the northern valley reaches (Michigan Creek/Catatonk 

Creek valley north of the Village of Spencer and the northern 

part of the Willseyville Creek valley) contain predomintly 

kame moraine and outwash deposits (plate 2 and fig. 10), the 

middle part of the valley (the east-west segment of the valley) 

contains predomintly alluvium and alluvial fan deposits at land 

surface that are underlain by outwash (plate 2 and fig. 12), and 

the southern part of the valley (the segment from the Village 

of Candor to the mouth of the valley) contains predomintly 

outwash, alluvial, glaciolacustrine sediments (fine sand, silt, 

and clay), and till; (plate 2 and figs. 13 and 14). 

Water Table and Conceptual Model of 

Groundwater Flow 

The recharge that meets the water table (below which the 

soil is saturated) can move both vertically and horizontally. 

Groundwater levels provide a measure of the depth to the 

water table and the hydraulic head in the stratified-drift 

aquifers in the study area (plate 3, and figs. 5–14). Hydraulic 

head is a measure (in units of feet above a datum) of the 

potential to cause flow due to gravity and water pressure. 

A map that depicts the water-table contour lines (plate 3) 

was constructed to show which direction groundwater flows 

horizontally and geohydrologic cross sections that depict flow 

nets (figs. 5–14) were constructed in selected areas to show 

which direction groundwater flows vertically. Groundwater 

flows from high to low hydraulic head and perpendicular to 

water-table contours and equipotential lines.

Stratified-Drift Aquifers and Confining Units

Unconfined aquifers are present throughout the Cayuta 

Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys, whereas unconfined 

aquifers that are underlain by confined aquifers are present 

in some places (fig. 4). Relatively thin unconfined aquifers 

also are present in the large tributary valleys, but their extent 

is not well known because few well data are available for 

those areas. The unconfined aquifers are composed of coarsegrained stratified deposits, such as alluvial and glaciofluvial 

sand and gravel. Most wells in the study area tap the 

unconfined aquifers.

In most places in the unconfined aquifers, the 

groundwater system is hydraulically connected to the mainstem streams in the valleys. In these areas, the yields from the 

aquifers are potentially large because water withdrawals from 

large pumping wells could be supplemented by water induced 

from the streams. Yields from the aquifers, however, may be 

less in anomalous geohydrologic settings at four headwater 

valleys in the study area. Typically, drainage divides follow 

the crests of ridges and headwater streams descend steep 

slopes on each side of the divide. In these four headwater 

valleys (Pony Hollow valley, Danby Creek valley, Willseyville 

Creek valley, and Cayuta Creek valley), the drainage divide 

crosses broad relatively flat valleys. In these areas, scouring 

by ice removed the former (preglacial) bedrock cols (a high, 

narrow pass or depression in upland areas, generally across 

a ridge or through a divide, or between two adjacent hills) 

that once formed the major surface-water divide between 

the St. Lawrence River Basin and the Susquehanna River 

Basin. The bedrock cols that had formed the divides have 

been replaced by an accumulation of more than 100 ft of 

glacial drift—mostly Valley Heads Moraine deposits. These 

anomalous features are called “through valleys” by Tarr 

(1905) (plates 2 and 3). Although through valleys resemble 

major stream valleys, they differ in that they are drained by 

small streams that are ephemereal or flow seasonally (typically 

during the spring freshet) and become dry during the summer 

when the water table drops below the bottom of the stream 

channel. During periods when there is no flow in the channel, 

groundwater flows downvalley as underflow rather than 

discharge into the stream. Also, because there are periods 

when the streams have little flow or are dry there would be 

little or no induced infiltration into these headwater aquifers 

and the potential yield would be smaller than from valleyfill aquifers that have a large perennial stream in which large 

pumping wells could induce large amounts of water to flow 

from the stream to the well throughout the year (Randall and 

others, 1988).

The confining units are composed of relatively 

impermeable fine-grained deposits (till and glaciolacustrine 

silt and clay). Although there is a confined aquifer in the 

southern part of the Catatonk Creek valley and possibly in 

the southern part of the Willseyville Creek valley (fig. 4), the 

confining unit may not extend completely across the valley 

in some places (figs. 13 and 14), therefore there is hydraulic 

connection in many places between the unconconfined and 

confined aquifers. There are no reported artesian flowing wells 

in the study area.

Because of the lack of well logs in the deeper parts of the 

valley fill, specifically in the 7-mi reach of Catatonk Creek 
20 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

from Spencer to the confluence with Willseyville Creek Valley 

and in the 2-mi reach of Cayuta Creek that is downstream of 

the Village of Van Etten, the presence of aquifers at depth is 

unknown (fig. 4). It can be assumed, however, that a basal 

confined aquifer is present in most places on top of bedrock 

because such deep aquifers are common in other glaciated 

valleys in central New York (Miller and Karig 2010; Miller, 

2009; Miller and others, 1998; and Miller, 1988).

Recharge, Discharge, Water Table, and 

Direction of Groundwater Flow

The ultimate source of recharge is from precipitation, in 

which the study area receives from 35 to 39 inches per year 

(in/yr) (Kontis and others, 2004). The amount of recharge to 

stratified-drift aquifers is a key determinant of the long-term 

availability of groundwater. More recharge is potentially 

available to unconfined aquifers than to confined aquifers. In 

general, recharge enters the stratified-drift aquifers primarily 

by direct infiltration of precipitation (rain and snow melt) 

where the aquifer crops out at land surface, surface runoff 

and subsurface flow from adjacent unchanneled upland areas 

that recharges the aquifer along the valley walls, leakage from 

tributary streams on their alluvial fans, and upward leakage 

from the underlying bedrock and leakage from adjacent finegrained confining units, that may be induced by pumping. 

The importance of tributary streamflow infiltration as a source 

of recharge to stratified-drift aquifers has been documented 

in the Appalachian Plateau by Crain (1966), Randall (1978), 

and Williams (1991). Streamflow losses chiefly occur where 

upland streams descend from adjacent uplands and cross 

alluvial-fan deposits in the main valley.

Most groundwater discharges into Cayuta and Catatonk 

Creeks. Lesser amounts of groundwater are discharged to 

pumping wells. Most of the water pumped from domestic 

wells is returned to the aquifers through septic systems, 

whereas most of the water pumped from municipal wells that 

is treated is discharged into the streams rather than returned 

to the aquifer. Transpiration decreases available recharge 

when water vapor escapes from living vegetation back into 

the atmosphere, and in some areas, induces discharge directly 

from the aquifer where roots extend below the water table. 

This reduction in recharge happens mostly during the spring 

when the ground is saturated and the water table is close to 

or at land surface. In the study area, evapotranspiration is 

estimated to range between 18 to 19 in/yr (Kontis and others, 

2004, plate 1) or roughly one-half of the annual precipitation 

in this area (35 to 39 in/yr).

A generalized depiction of the water table in the 

unconfined aquifer is shown in plate 3. The water table was 

constructed from water-level measurements made in wells 

from the 1950s to 2010 and LIDAR data (where available) that 

were used to determine altitudes of perennial streams at 10-ft 

intervals and altitudes of large ponds and wetlands. Where 

LIDAR data were unavailable, topographic contours (scale 

1:24,000 USGS topographic quadrangles) that crossed major 

streams at 10-ft altitude intervals were used. LIDAR altitudes 

of land surface and topographic contours from quadrangles 

could be used to define the water table because major surfacewater bodies and groundwater are hydraulically connected to 

the unconfined aquifers.

The portion of groundwater that moves laterally 

flows roughly perpendicular to water-table contours in the 

unconfined aquifers. The configuration of the water-table 

contours indicates that the general direction of groundwater 

flow within the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratifieddrift aquifers is predominantly from the valley walls toward 

the main streams in the valleys, where most groundwater 

discharges from the aquifer system (plate 3). Sections 

A–A′ to J–J′ (figs. 5 to 14, respectively) include conceptual 

potentiometric contours and flow lines that show recharge 

at land surface and groundwater discharge into the streams. 

Where upland tributary streams lose water over the alluvial 

fans in the valleys, a localized groundwater mound forms 

beneath the stream (plate 3) and the direction of groundwater 

flow is radially away from the tributary channel and toward 

the main stream in the valley (figs. 5, 7, and 11). In addition, 

some groundwater that flows toward major streams is 

intercepted by pumping wells. There are three municipal well 

fields in the study area (Villages of Van Etten, Candor, and 

Waverly), with wells that have large-diameter casings, well 

screens, and pumps that are capable of withdrawing water 

at a rate of several hundred gallons per minute. There also 

are several industrial and commercial wells that withdraw 

relatively large amounts of water in the study area. In addition, 

there are 10 trailer parks that withdraw groundwater from the 

aquifer system.

Although groundwater-level measurements were recorded 

from the 1950s to 2010, the average annual fluctuation of 

the water table in the stratified-drift aquifers in the Cayuta 

Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys is only expected to range 

from 5 to 10 ft with the lowest range of fluctuation (about 

5 ft) occurring near discharge areas, such as streams, and the 

highest range of fluctuation (about 10 ft) expected where large 

amounts of recharge occur, such as along the valley walls and 

beneath alluvial fans. In areas adjacent to gaining streams and 

large surface-water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and wetlands, 

the altitude of the water table is controlled by the water level 

of the surface-water body. The groundwater level is slightly 

higher (typically 1 to 3 ft) than that of the water level in the 

stream and wetland, and fluctuates similarly to the water 

level in these surface-water bodies (about 3 to 7 ft). However, 

in distal areas from the gaining streams, lakes, ponds, and 

wetlands, the water table is more than several feet (typically 

3 to 10 ft) higher than the major surface-water bodies, and 

annual water-level trends are affected by fluctuations in 

variations in the amounts of recharge, such as precipitation. 
Water Table and Conceptual Model of Groundwater Flow 21

Water-level data from USGS long-term monitoring well 

TI 891 (operating since December 2003) finished in the 

stratified-drift aquifer near Spencer, N.Y. (plate 1, appendix) 

indicate that the average annual water-table fluctuation was 

8.9 ft from January 1, 2004, to September 30, 2010 (fig. 15). 

An annual fluctuation of 5 ft or less is common in other USGS 

long-term monitoring wells that also were finished in sand 

and gravel stratified-drift aquifers in the surrounding counties. 

Because the annual fluctuation of groundwater level ranges 

from 5 to 10 ft in most places and the contour interval of the 

water-table map is 10 ft (plate 3), the configuration of the 

water table is probably a reasonable representation of longterm and average-annual groundwater levels and the general 

directions of groundwater-flow in the aquifer. The water-table 

map, however, should not be used for precise or site-specific 

determination of groundwater levels and directions of flow. A 

synoptic set of groundwater-level measurements from wells 

whose measuring point altitudes are known would be needed 

to represent the water table more accurately than what has 

been done for this study.

In the Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifer, the altitude 

of the water table ranged from 1,220 ft near the hamlet of 

Danby to 810 ft at the mouth of Catatonk Creek (plate 3)—a 

total decrease in hydraulic head of 410 ft over 21 mi and an 

average horizontal hydraulic gradient of 19.5 ft/mi (0.0037 

foot per foot (ft/ft)). In the Cayuta Creek stratified-drift 

aquifer, the altitude of the water table ranged from 1,205 ft 

at the surface-water divide in Pony Hollow valley to 810 ft 

near the mouth of Cayuta Creek at Waverly (plate 3)—a total 

Figure 15. Groundwater levels from January 1, 2004, to September 30, 2010, in well TI 891 (site number 421213076313301) 

near Spencer, New York. Location of well shown in plate 1.

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

30

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

Depth to water level, feet below land surface 

Year
22 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

decrease in hydraulic head of 395 ft over 27 mi and an average 

horizontal hydraulic gradient of 14.6 ft/mi (0.0028 ft/ft).

Summary

The location of wells, stratified-drift aquifer extents, 

surficial deposits, and groundwater levels in the Cayuta 

Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys and their large tributary 

valleys were mapped in 2009, in cooperation with the New 

York State Department of Environmental Conservation in 

Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New 

York. Geologic materials in the study area include sedimentary 

bedrock, unstratified drift (till), stratified drift (glaciolacustrine 

and glaciofluvial deposits), and recent alluvium. Stratified 

drift consisting of sand and gravel is the major component 

of the valley fill in the study area—it is present in sufficient 

amounts in most places to form extensive unconfined aquifers 

throughout the study area and to form locally confined 

aquifers. Stratified deposits consisting of fine-grained sediment 

(glaciolacustrine fine sand, silt, and clay) are present locally 

in valleys underlying the glaciofluvial and recent alluvial sand 

and gravel deposits in the southern part of the Catatonk Creek 

and Willseyville Creek valleys. These unconfined and confined 

aquifers are the source of water for most residents, farms, and 

businesses in the valleys.

The configuration of the contours of the water table 

indicate that the general direction of groundwater flow within 

Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifers is 

predominantly from the valley walls toward the main stream 

in each valley, where most groundwater discharges from the 

aquifer system. Locally, where upland tributary streams lose 

water over the alluvial fans in the valleys, a groundwater 

mound has formed beneath the stream, and the direction of 

groundwater flow is radially away from the tributary channel. 

Pumping wells intercept some groundwater that normally 

would discharge to streams.

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Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90–4052, 

39 p.
24 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well] Site number Site name Date drilled Well depth (ft) Depth of casing (ft) Casing diameter (in) Altitude land surface (NAVD 88, in ft) Aquifer type Water level below land surface (ft) Altitude water level (NAVD 88, in ft) Date water level measured Depth to bedrock (ft) Altitude top of bedrock (NAVD 88, in ft) Reported yield (gal/min) Remarks Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer–Chemung County 421158076330501 CM 23 6/1/1964 54 54 6 1,017 S&G -- -- -- -- -- 25 421153076331201 CM 260 12/1/1964 69 69 6 1,013 S&G 29 984 12/1/1964 -- -- 25 0–20 gravel, 20–60 fine sand, 60–69 ft gravel. 421159076331001 CM 264 8/1/1965 64 64 6 1,024 S&G 36 992 8/1/1965 -- -- -- Ends in sandy pebble gravel. 421201076325801 CM 267 5/1/1966 59 59 6 1,012 S&G 18 994 5/1/1966 -- -- 40 Gas reported at 50 ft. 421202076325701 CM 268 9/1/1966 57 57 6 1,012 S&G 18 994 9/1/1966 -- -- 7 Gas reported at 49 ft. 421202076325801 CM 269 8/1/1965 61 61 6 1,014 S&G 24 990 8/1/1965 -- -- 50 -- 421204076325501 CM 270 6/1/1967 61 61 6 1,009 S&G 12 997 6/1/1967 -- -- 30 10 gal/min from sand or gravel at 48 ft, gas reported. 421206076332201 CM 271 7/1/1963 51 51 6 1,033 S&G 38 995 7/1/1963 -- -- -- WL 50 ft Aug. 1964. 421208076332301 CM 272 7/1/1963 312 95 6 1,036 Shale 27 1,009 7/1/1963 95 941 1 Silty gravel and hardpan above bedrock, a little water at 40 ft. 421209076331701 CM 273 6/1/1964 165 36 6 1,040 Shale 8 1,032 6/1/1964 36 1,004 6 Hardness 103 mg/L. 421313076354301 CM 280 6/1/1964 104 30 -- 1,042 Shale 6 1,036 11/1/1964 30 1,012 3 Drillled to 263 ft, salt water at 256 ft, plugged to 104 ft. 421328076363601 CM 283 6/1/1941 55 -- 6 1,056 Shale -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421415076370101 CM 286 1/1/1953 250 -- 6 1,076 Shale 35 1,041 1/1/1953 20 1,056 1 Depth approximate; salt water; gas entered near bottom. Abandoned, casing pulled out due to poor yield. 421418076370701 CM 287 6/1/1947 125 30 6 1,110 Shale 52 1,058 6/1/1964 28 1,088 -- WL 32 ft in 1947. 421155076332601 CM 387 1939 80 80 8 1,016 S&G -- -- 4/17/1956 -- -- 50 -- 421224076351801 CM 412 -- 75 15 6 1,037 Shale 15 1,022 6/12/1956 12 1,025 12 -- 421151076330701 CM 644 4/29/1981 49 -- -- 1,033 S&G 31 1,002 4/29/1981 47 986 -- 0–47 silty gravel, 46–49 ft shale.

421254076355401 CM 816 8/7/2000 140 19 6 1,030 Shale 30 1,000 8/7/2000 10 1,020 50 0–9 till, 9–10 gravel, 10–130 

shale (3 gal/min), 130–140 fractured shale (50 gal/min).

421213076321901 CM 878 9/6/2001 95 95 6 1,047 Shale 37 1,010 9/6/2001 31 1,016 8 0–31, dirty gravel, 31–95 ft 

shale.

421203076330801 CM 906 2/8/2002 58 58 6 1,028 S&G 28 1,000 2/8/2002 -- -- 20 0–40 dirty gravel, 40–58 ft 

S&G. Used for car wash.
Appendix 1 25

Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued[ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well]

Site 

number

Site 

name

Date 

drilled

Well 

depth 

(ft)

Depth 

of 

casing 

(ft)

Casing 

diameter 

(in)

Altitude 

land 

surface 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Aquifer 

type

Water 

level 

below 

land 

surface 

(ft)

Altitude 

water 

level 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Date 

water 

level 

measured

Depth 

to 

bedrock 

(ft)

Altitude 

top of 

bedrock 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Reported 

yield 

(gal/min)

Remarks

Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer–Chemung County—Continued

421157076335001 CM 935 8/15/2010 27 27 6 996 S&G 13 983 8/15/2002 -- -- 20 0–27 ft S&G.421327076363001 CM 936 8/17/2002 43 43 6 1,047 S&G 31 1,016 8/17/2002 -- -- 12 0–35 dirty gravel, 35–43 ft 

S&G.

421208076330701 CM1037 10/21/2003 119 17 6 1,063 Shale 49 1,013 10/21/2003 15 1,047 6 0–15 dirty gravel, 15–119 ft 

grey shale.

421151076335101 CM1040 4/9/2004 80 70 10 989 S&G 8 981 4/9/2004 -- -- 100 0–20 dirty gravel, 20–46 sand, 

46–80 ft S&G.

421151076335102 CM1042 12/16/2003 80 80 6 989 S&G 6 983 12/16/2003 -- -- 50 0–20 dirty gravel, 20–46 sand, 

46–95 ft S&G.

421149076334901 CM1046 12/19/2003 81 81 6 991 S&G 9 983 12/19/2003 -- -- 35 0–30 silty gravel, 30–81 ft 

S&G.

421149076334902 CM1058 4/27/2004 80 70 10 991 S&G 9.6 982 4/27/2004 -- -- 50 0–30 silty gravel, 30–40 S&G, 

40–80 ft S&G.

421001076333001 CM1063 4/16/2004 105 55 6 956 Shale 15 941 4/16/2010 54 905 4 0–10 S&G, 10–45 till, 45–54 

cemented gravel, 54–105 ft shale.

421311076360601 CM1211 2/9/2007 41 21 6 1,020 Shale 5 1,015 2/9/2007 21 999 8 0–21 sand and gravel, 21–41 

ft shale.

421125076332401 CM1232 8/13/2007 50 19 6 1,010 Shale 9 1,001 8/13/2007 10 1,000 15 0–10 till, 10–50 ft shale.421348076364501 CM1277 5/16/2008 30 30 6 1,036 S&G 8 1,028 5/16/2008 -- -- 15 0–30 ft S&G.421045076335501 CM1290 7/22/2008 70 70 6 974 Shale 10 963 7/22/2008 49 924 35 0–40 silty gravel, 40–49 till, 

49–70 ft grey shale.

421350076362401 CM1293 8/5/2008 220 29 6 1,079 Shale 35 1,043 8/5/2008 15 1,063 2 0–15 till, 15–220 ft shale.421413076365201 CM2288 6/4/1999 41 -- -- 1,071 Shale -- -- 6/4/1999 30 1,041 -- Test boring. 0–5 sand, 5–10 

silt, 10–15 gravel, 15–30 silt, 30–41 ft shale.

421239076350001 CM2289 12/8/1998 21 -- -- 1,039.1 Shale 6 1,036.1 12/8/1998 15 1,024 -- Test boring. 0–5 sand, 5–15 

silt, 15–21 ft shale.

421203076332301 CM2290 5/5/1999 52 -- -- 1,029 Sand -- -- 5/5/1999 -- -- -- Test boring. 0–25 silt, 25–35 

sand, 35–40 silt, 40–45 sand, 45–50 silt, 50– 52 ft sand.

421430076373501 CM2292 10/26/2005 21 -- -- 1,093 Silt -- -- 10/26/2005 -- -- -- Test boring. 0–5 gravel, 5–21 

ft silt.
26 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well] Site number Site name Date drilled Well depth (ft) Depth of casing (ft) Casing diameter (in) Altitude land surface (NAVD 88, in ft) Aquifer type Water level below land surface (ft) Altitude water level (NAVD 88, in ft) Date water level measured Depth to bedrock (ft) Altitude top of bedrock (NAVD 88, in ft) Reported yield (gal/min) Remarks Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Schuyler County 421623076411501 SY 3 -- 28 -- 6 1,100 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421642076413701 SY 8 -- -- -- 6 1,110 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421729076415501 SY 16 -- 60 -- 6 1,130 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421731076420501 SY 19 6/6/1960 82 75 6 1,175 Shale 57 1,118 -- -- -- 20 -- 421733076423201 SY 22 -- 40 -- 6 1,160 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421733076432701 SY 23 -- 70 -- 6 1,150 Shale -- -- -- 20 1,130 -- -- 421734076425801 SY 24 1958 50 -- 6 1,115 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421734076431801 SY 25 -- 80 -- 6 1,150 Shale -- -- -- 30 1,120 -- -- 421734076432301 SY 26 8/31/1948 32 32 6 1,153 S&G 8 1,145 7/1/1967 -- -- 10 -- 421735076424101 SY 27 -- 28 -- -- 1,100 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421737076425201 SY 29 -- 40 -- 6 1,100 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421756076431801 SY 42 -- 38 -- 6 1,160 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421811076430901 SY 46 1945 24 -- 6 1,145 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- 0–17 till, 17–24 ft S&G. 421836076431801 SY 67 8/24/1960 24 24 6 1,150 S&G -- -- -- -- -- 12 0–18 ft gravel and clay, 18–24 ft S&G. 421836076432201 SY 68 1966 16 -- 6 1,155 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421836076432701 SY 70 9/29/1965 21 21 6 1,159 S&G 16 1,143 9/30/1965 -- -- 7 Chiefly silt and clay with coarse sand grains, pebbly. 421839076432301 SY 75 1972 30 -- 6 1,157 Gravel 14 1,143 1/01/1972 20 1,137 -- 0–15 clay, 15–18 ft gravel. 421840076432301 SY 76 1972 30 -- 6 1,155 Shale 10 1,145 8/8/1980 24 1,131 -- clay 0–12, gravel 12–24, shale 24–30 ft. 421840076432401 SY 77 -- 85 -- 6 1,165 S&G -- -- -- 28 1,137 -- -- 421850076432501 SY 99 1979 20 -- 6 1,155 S&G 5 1,150 8/13/1980 -- -- 7 0-20 ft S&G. 421724076423601 SY 694 8/23/1999 62 -- -- 1,109.9 S&G 3.2 1,106.7 8/23/1999 -- -- -- Test boring. 0–25 silt, 25–45 

sand, 45–55 silt, 55–60 clay, 60–62 ft gravel.

421237076424401 SY 723 6/27/1984 51 -- -- 1,113 S&G 7 1,106 6/27/1984 -- -- -- Test boring. 0–16 gravely silt, 

16–30 sandy gravel, 30–53 ft S&G.
Appendix 1 27

Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued[ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well]

Site 

number

Site 

name

Date 

drilled

Well 

depth 

(ft)

Depth 

of 

casing 

(ft)

Casing 

diameter 

(in)

Altitude 

land 

surface 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Aquifer 

type

Water 

level 

below 

land 

surface 

(ft)

Altitude 

water 

level 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Date 

water 

level 

measured

Depth 

to 

bedrock 

(ft)

Altitude 

top of 

bedrock 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Reported 

yield 

(gal/min)

Remarks

Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Schuyler County—Continued

421642076413301 SY 724 9/5/1991 73 -- -- 1,104 Gravel 9 1,095 9/5/1991 -- -- -- Test boring. 0–6 gravely silt , 

6–51 coarse gravel, 51–61 sand, 61–73 ft gravel.

421609076405701 SY 725 8/25/1981 33 -- -- 1,086.5 S&G 2 1,084 8/25/1981 -- -- -- Test boring. 0–5 silt, 5–33 ft 

S&G. 

421522076402901 SY 726 7/1/1981 53 -- -- 1,084 Shale 6 1,077 7/1/1981 43 1,041 -- Test boring. 0–28 silty gravel, 

28–43 compact silty gravel (till?), 43–53 ft shale.

421440076375601 SY 727 3/13/1981 39 -- -- 1,074 S&G 11 1,063 3/13/1981 -- -- -- Test boring. 0–39 ft silty 

gravel.

421522076402801 SY 728 7/1/1981 33 -- -- 1,081 Shale 4 1,077 7/1/1981 22 1,059 -- Test boring. 0–11 S&G, 11–22 

compact silty gravel, 22–33 ft shale.

421523076362501 SY 914 11/28/2000 44 40 6 1,127 S&G 14 1,113 11/28/2000 41 1,086 -- 0–41 S&G, 41–44 ft shale.421926076433301 SY 919 3/7/2001 115 18 6 1,227 Shale 65 1,162 3/7/2001 7 1,220 12 0–7 till, 7–20 soft (weathered) 

shale, 20–115 ft shale.

421823076431201 SY 957 9/23/2001 20 20 6 1,150 S&G 3 1,147 9/23/2001 -- -- 20 0–20 ft gravel.421706076420201 SY1013 6/4/2002 68 62 8 1,107 S&G 12 1,095 6/4/2002 -- -- 100 0–35 gravel, 35–62 clay and 

gravel, 62–68 ft S&G. Production well. Screened 63–68 ft.

421651076413901 SY1026 8/20/2002 42 38 6 1,110 S&G 20 1,090 8/20/2002 -- -- 100 0–18 dirty gravel, 18–37 S&G, 

37–44 ft gravel.

421705076425401 SY1095 5/22/2003 58 58 6 1,111 S&G 20 1,091 5/22/2003 -- -- 30 0–48 S&G, 48–55 clay and 

grave (dirty gravel or till), 55–58 ft S&G.

421713076413601 SY1120 8/11/2003 38 38 6 1,121 S&G -- -- -- -- -- 15 0–38 ft S&G.421823076432301 SY1175 4/3/2004 82 82 6 1,180 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- --421912076434201 SY1211 8/20/2004 100 30 6 1,225 Shale 40 1,185 8/20/2004 0 1,225 8 0–100 ft shale (depth to rock 

questionable).

421516076400501 SY1249 3/17/2005 130 18 6 1,107 Shale -- -- -- 15 1,092 4 0–15 till, 15–130 ft shale.421526076402701 SY1363 11/15/2006 130 25 6 1,143 Shale 69 1,074 11/15/2006 25 1,118 11 0–8 till, 8–25 dirty gravel, 

25–130 ft shale.
28 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well] Site number Site name Date drilled Well depth (ft) Depth of casing (ft) Casing diameter (in) Altitude land surface (NAVD 88, in ft) Aquifer type Water level below land surface (ft) Altitude water level (NAVD 88, in ft) Date water level measured Depth to bedrock (ft) Altitude top of bedrock (NAVD 88, in ft) Reported yield (gal/min) Remarks Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Schuyler County—Continued 421526076402702 SY1372 2/7/2007 119 19 6 1,140 Shale 62 1,078 2/7/2007 19 1,121 20 0–19 till, 19–119 ft grey shale. 421813076450801 SY1452 5/19/2008 38 38 6 1,290 S&G 5 1,185 5/19/2008 -- -- 24 0–30 clay and gravel, 30–37.5 ft S&G. 421650076414501 SY1500 2/20/2009 33 33 6 1,106 S&G 9 1,097 2/20/2009 -- -- 20 0–32 dirty gravel or gravelly till, 32–33 ft gravel. 421855076433001 SY1507 4/20/2009 100 20 6 1,195 Shale 15 1,180 4/20/2009 10 1,185 4 0–8 till, 8–10 dirty gravel, 10–100 ft shale. 421525076404001 SY1556 3/19/2010 36 36 6 1,093 S&G 11 1,082 3/19/2010 -- -- 15 0–18 hardpan (dirty gravel?), 18–36 ft S&G. Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County 420108076312401 TI 35 1945 75 75 6 846 S&G 35 811 Aug-45 -- -- 25 -- 420111076312401 TI 36 Jun-56 84 69 6 845 Shale 33 812 Jun-56 69 776 12 -- 420107076312501 TI 37 1965 109 70 6 847 Shale 36 811 12/1/1965 70 777 22 Original depth 65 ft, finished in S&G. Deepened in 1965. 420049076304801 TI 301 8/15/2000 33 33 6 828 Gravel 13 815 8/15/2000 -- -- 20 0–15 hardpan, 15–33 ft gravel. 420604076324101 TI 327 6/29/2000 33 33 6 1,033 S&G 23 1,010 6/29/2000 -- -- 10 0–12 coarse dirty gravel, 12–25 till, 25–33 ft dirty gravel. 420158076314301 TI 343 8/15/2000 120 19 6 844 Shale 12 832 8/15/2000 18 826 8 0–18 S&G, 18–120 ft shale. 420616076323601 TI 358D 9/15/2000 54 54 6 896 S&G 29 867 9/15/2000 -- -- 10 0–48 dirty gravel, 48–54 ft gravel. 420604076324701 TI 371 10/10/2000 87 87 6 920 Gravel 9 911 10/10/2000 -- -- 20 0–29 dirty gravel, 29–85 cemented gravel, 85–87 ft gravel. 420113076314301 TI 381 10/30/2000 125 63 6 865 Shale 55 810 10/30/2000 63 802 15 0–22 dirty gravel, 22–63 ce- mented gravel, 63–68 brown 

rock, 68–125 ft gray rock.

420109076314301 TI 386 12/4/2000 103 62 6 867 Shale 58 809 12/4/2000 62 805 9 0–62 gravel, 62–103 ft shale.420729076314201 TI 425 5/9/2001 55 54 6 1,049 Shale 15 1,034 5/9/2001 54 995 15 0–20 gravel, 20–54 sandy clay, 

54–55 ft shale.

420220076313401 TI 440 8/17/2001 77 79 6 876 S&G 40 836 8/17/2001 -- -- 20 0–77 ft S&G.
Appendix 1 29

Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued[ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well]

Site 

number

Site 

name

Date 

drilled

Well 

depth 

(ft)

Depth 

of 

casing 

(ft)

Casing 

diameter 

(in)

Altitude 

land 

surface 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Aquifer 

type

Water 

level 

below 

land 

surface 

(ft)

Altitude 

water 

level 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Date 

water 

level 

measured

Depth 

to 

bedrock 

(ft)

Altitude 

top of 

bedrock 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Reported 

yield 

(gal/min)

Remarks

Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued

420049076314002 TI 530 2/22/2002 60 60 6 810 Shale -- -- -- 52 760 -- Test well. 0–17 gravel, 17–47 

sand, 47–52 S&G, 52–60 ft shale.

420950076182901 TI 589D -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --420045076304601 TI 622 10/15/2002 108 72 6 824 Shale 22 802 10/15/2002 72 752 15 0–35 gravel, 35–60 clay and 

stone, 60–72 cement gravel, 72–108 ft shale.

420511076330001 TI 626 10/2/2002 28 28 6 889 Gravel 13 876 10/2/2002 -- -- 15 0–28 ft gravel.420049076314001 TI 650 11/23/2002 50 40 16 810 S&G 14 798 11/11/2002 -- -- 1,000 PWS. Screened 40–50 ft. 0–6 

sandy clay, 6–50 S&G, 50–51 ft till.

420410076324101 TI 706D 7/23/2003 39 39 6 979 S&G 19 960 7/23/2003 -- -- 15 0–39 ft S&G.420222076314501 TI 733D 3/11/2004 98 42 6 859 Shale 24 835 3/11/2004 42 819 17 0–18 hardpan, 18–42 dirty 

gravel, 42–98 ft gray rock.

421728076204401 TI 736D 9/9/2003 60 49 6 1,068 Shale 20 1,019 9/9/2003 49 1,048 20 0–18 gravel, 18–30 till, 30–49 

S&G, 49–60 ft shale.

421718076224401 TI 755D 10/31/2003 28 28 6 946 S&G 12 934 10/31/2003 -- -- 15 0–28 ft sand and gravel.420857076333101 TI 770 12/8/1998 42 -- -- 959 Silt -- -- 12/8/1998 -- -- -- 0–30 silt, 30–40 gravel, 40–42 

ft silt.

421723076224201 TI 782 4/5/2004 29 29 6 948 S&G 10 938 4/5/2004 -- -- 12 0–29 ft sand and gravel.421348076292001 TI 795 6/8/2004 72 72 6 1,015 Shale 20 995 6/8/2004 70 945 -- Test well. 0–19 S&G, 19–28 

cemented gravel, 28–48 clay and stones, 48–70 S&G, 70–72 ft shale.

421343076293201 TI 796 6/3/2004 40 40 6 1,015 S&G 19 996 6/3/2004 -- -- 20 0–30 S&G, 30–38 sand, clay, 

and gravel, 38–40 ft S&G.

420724076313901 TI1022 7/12/2004 100 40 6 1,046 Shale 15 1,031 7/12/2004 40 1,006 10 0–40 till, 40–100 ft shale.420417076323901 TI1026 7/21/2004 50 52 6 891 Gravel 19 872 7/21/2004 -- -- 25 0–50 ft gravel.420533076325701 TI1206 3/20/2006 35 35 6 895 S&G 11 884 3/20/2006 -- -- 15 0–18 dirty gravel, 18–25 

gravel, 25–35 ft S&G.

420725076314101 TI1284 8/28/2006 35 32 6 1,050 S&G 0 1,050 8/28/2006 32 1,018 10 0–28 till and clay, 28–32 S&G, 

32–35 ft shale.

420120076312601 TI1728 12/13/2010 58 58 6 848 S&G 36 812 12/13/2010 -- -- 20 0–18 hardpan (dirty gravel 

or till?), 18–54 cemented gravel, 54–58 ft S&G.
30 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well] Site number Site name Date drilled Well depth (ft) Depth of casing (ft) Casing diameter (in) Altitude land surface (NAVD 88, in ft) Aquifer type Water level below land surface (ft) Altitude water level (NAVD 88, in ft) Date water level measured Depth to bedrock (ft) Altitude top of bedrock (NAVD 88, in ft) Reported yield (gal/min) Remarks Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer- Tompkins County 421739076414001 TM 3 6/1/1964 60 -- 6 1,134 S&G -- -- 12/30/1899 -- -- -- -- 421739076414001 TM 4 6/1/1980 26 26 6 1,136 S&G 18.5 1,118 8/9/1980 -- -- -- -- 421808076405101 TM 6 5/1/1959 14 14 2 1,159 S&G 10 1,149 6/21/1967 -- -- 6 Well located in cellar 8 ft below land surface. 421834076402101 TM 15 5/31/1960 41 41 6 1,168 S&G 4 1,164 6/1/1967 -- -- 50 -- 421841076401601 TM 16 6/1/1967 38 38 6 1,173 S&G 5 1,168 4/21/1981 -- -- 30 -- 421849076400501 TM 17 Late 1800s 120 100 6 1,188 Shale 15 1,173 4/21/1981 100 1,088 30 -- 421854076395901 TM 18 6/1/1962 58 58 6 1,200 S&G 30 1,170 6/1/1967 -- -- 18 3.5 gal/min at 56.5 ft, 18 gal/ min at 58 ft. 421925076392901 TM 22 4/24/1968 24 24 6 1,221 S&G 9 1,212 4/24/1968 -- -- 15 All gravel except 19–20 ft medium to coarse sand. 421927076392601 TM 23 6/1/1938 59 59 6 1,222 S&G 32 1,190 8/15/1967 -- -- -- Original well depth was 33 ft. Well went dry in 1938 and was redrilled to depth of 59 ft. 421932076385601 TM 24 5/5/1981 41 41 1 1,224 S&G 29.5 1,195 5/5/1981 -- -- -- 0–20 gravel, 20–22 silty gravel, 22–35 gravel, 35–42 ft silty gravel. 421944076394501 TM 26 6/1/1979 160 80 6 1,242 Shale 60 1,182 6/1/1979 80 1,168 5 0–80 till (“clay with stones”), 80–160 ft shale. 421944076394502 TM 27 6/1/1979 70 70 6 1,242 S&G 40 1,202 12/30/1899 -- -- 30 Well dries up in August. 421949076381601 TM 28 6/1/1965 85 85 6 1,245 S&G 40 1,205 5/5/1981 -- -- -- 0–85 ft gravel, high yield. 421833076403901 TM1365 9/18/2001 38 38 6 1,164 S&G 12 1,152 9/18/2001 -- -- 20 0–20 dirty gravel, 20–38 ft S&G. 421833076403801 TM1366 9/10/2001 47 47 6 1,150 S&G 15 1,135 9/10/2001 -- -- 15 0–47 ft S&G. 421732076411701 TM2511 5/13/2008 59 59 6 1,125 Sand 9 1,116 5/13/2008 -- -- 12 0–25 gravel. 25–41 till, 41–58 

sand, 58–59 ft coarse sand.

421656076293401 TM2607 10/27/2008 92 23 6 1,103 Shale 37 1,066 10/27/2008 23 1,079 9 0–23 S&G, 23–92 ft shale.421921076393701 TM2812 10/12/2010 30 30 6 1,214 S&G 10 1,204 10/12/2010 -- -- 3 0–30 ft S&G.
Appendix 1 31

Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued[ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well]

Site 

number

Site 

name

Date 

drilled

Well 

depth 

(ft)

Depth 

of 

casing 

(ft)

Casing 

diameter 

(in)

Altitude 

land 

surface 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Aquifer 

type

Water 

level 

below 

land 

surface 

(ft)

Altitude 

water 

level 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Date 

water 

level 

measured

Depth 

to 

bedrock 

(ft)

Altitude 

top of 

bedrock 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Reported 

yield 

(gal/min)

Remarks

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tompkins County—Continued

421914076222401 TM 21 6/1/1962 45 45 6 981 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- Depth estimated 40-50 ft.422030076233101 TM 32 10/7/1980 77 -- -- 988 S&G 15 968 10/7/1980 -- -- -- USGS test boring. 0–6 silt, 

6–16 silt with pebbles (till?), 16–33 gravel, 33–53 silty gravel, 53–71 silty sand, 71–77 clay (laminated), 77–77.5 ft till.

422103076241801 TM 562 -- 63 -- -- 1,040 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- --422120076235501 TM 563 -- 24 -- -- 985 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- --422018076234201 TM 564 -- 127 -- -- 1,035 Shale -- -- -- -- -- -- --422119076234601 TM 565 -- 74 -- -- 1,000 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- --421934076231501 TM 567 4/15/1991 83 30 6 1,090 Shale -- -- 4/15/1991 30 1,025 -- --421926076230801 TM 568 -- 120 -- -- 1,080 Shale -- -- -- -- -- -- --421932076231401 TM 569 -- 150 -- -- 1,090 Shale -- -- -- -- -- -- --421925076250001 TM 618 -- 133 -- -- 1,175 Shale -- -- -- -- -- -- --421938076264101 TM 936 -- 128 -- -- 1,295 Shale -- -- -- -- -- -- --421937076264001 TM1023 10/15/1971 128 17 8 1,305 Shale 15 1,290 10/15/1971 17 1,288 15 0–17 till, 17–128 shale.421938076263601 TM1024 2/2/1994 200 18 6 1,275 Shale 45 1,230 2/2/1994 15 1,260 8 0–15 till, 15–200 ft shale.421934076263701 TM1025 -- 180 18 6 1,309 Shale 30 1,279 2/5/1994 5 1,304 -- 0–5 till, 5–180 shale.421934076251002 TM1035 11/5/2008 88 81 6 1,159 Shale 6 1,153 11/5/2008 68 1,085 2 0–18 silty gravel, 18–22 silt w/ 

some gravel, 22–32 S&G, 32–44 till, 44–48 sand, 48–68 till, 68–88 ft shale.

422048076242901 TM1251 8/18/2000 179 46 6 1,097 Shale 40 1,057 8/18/2000 44 1,053 -- 0–44 gravel, 44–180 ft shale.421915076225201 TM1260 10/7/2000 26 26 5 1,045 S&G 10 1,035 10/7/2000 -- -- -- 0–26 ft S&G.421917076225501 TM1296 11/22/2000 75 51 5 1,042 S&G 22 1,020 11/22/2000 51 991 10 0–51 till, 51–75 ft shale.422032076241801 TM1380 9/6/2001 199 30 6 1,115 Shale -- -- 9/6/2001 26 1,089 3 0–26 till, 26–199 ft shale.422053076244301 TM1408 5/7/2003 90 90 6 1,128 S&G -- -- -- 91 1,037 8 Bedrock at 91 ft.422040076230701 TM1590 9/6/2002 120 52 6 1,091 Shale 32 1,059 9/6/2002 49 1,042 10 0–49 till, 49–120 ft shale.422031076230201 TM1611 10/9/2002 280 21 6 1,082 Shale 25 1,057 10/9/2002 8 1,074 2 0–8 till, 8–280 ft shale.421925076250101 TM1654 2/20/2003 41 42 6 1,174 S&G 26 1,148 2/20/2003 -- -- 10 0–38 silty gravel, 38–41 ft 

S&G.
32 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well] Site number Site name Date drilled Well depth (ft) Depth of casing (ft) Casing diameter (in) Altitude land surface (NAVD 88, in ft) Aquifer type Water level below land surface (ft) Altitude water level (NAVD 88, in ft) Date water level measured Depth to bedrock (ft) Altitude top of bedrock (NAVD 88, in ft) Reported yield (gal/min) Remarks Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tompkins County—Continued 422055076243901 TM1671 4/29/2003 135 126 6 1,112 Shale 60 1,052 4/29/2003 126 986 5 0–100 till, 100–126 black sand, 126–135 ft shale. 422033076241101 TM1677 4/28/2003 240 29 6 1,077 Shale -- -- 4/28/2003 22 1,055 2 0–22 till, 22–240 ft shale. 422104076240501 TM1983 4/15/2005 220 220 6 1,002 S&G 10 992 4/15/2005 -- -- 6 0–16 till, 16–26 S&G, 26–65 till, 65–70 gravel, 70–95 fine sand, 95–185 clay, 185–204 sand, 204–220 ft silty sand. 422104076240401 TM2005 4/22/2005 30 30 6 1,002 S&G 12 990 4/22/2005 -- -- 12 0–14 gravel, 14–27 till, 27–30 ft S&G. Drwadown = 4 ft at 12 gal/min, Specific capacity = 3 gallons per foot. 422003076224301 TM2188 4/4/2006 150 20 6 1,085 Shale 30 1,055 4/4/2006 19 1,066 8 0–19 till, 19–150 ft gray shale. 422122076234901 TM2269 8/30/2006 160 116 6 1,017 Shale 90 927 8/30/2006 115 902 1 0–10 gravel, 10–34 fine sand, 34–35 S&G, 35–115 silty clay, 100–115 till, 115–160 ft shale. 422123076235101 TM2315 11/16/2006 40 85 6 1,020 S&G 26 994 11/16/2006 -- -- 5 Casing perforated 37–40 ft. 0–20 gravel, 20–34 fine sand, 34–42 S&G, 42–84 ft clay. 422056076242901 TM2360 4/24/2007 108 108 6 1,089 S&G 80 1,009 4/24/2007 -- -- 7 0–13 till, 13–18 gravel, 18–105 hardpan and some gravel, 105–108 ft S&G. 422003076233501 TM2381 6/11/2007 140 60 6 1,062 Shale 30 1,032 6/11/2007 60 1,002 10 0–24 till, 24–25 S&G, 25–40 till, 40–60 dirty S&G, 60–140 ft grey shale. 422052076273102 TM2589 10/27/2008 100 89 6 1,207 Shale 5 1,202 10/27/2008 87 1,120 0.1 0–15 silty gravel, 15–18 fine sand, 18–24 clay, 24–31 

coarse S&G. 31–43 till, 43–46 fine sand, 46–87 till, 87–100 ft shale.

421934076251001 TM2590 11/5/2008 27 27 6 1,159 S&G 10.4 1,149 11/5/2008 0 -- 20 0–18 silty gravel, 18–22 silt 

with some gravel, 22–27 ft S&G.

422052076273101 TM2591 11/12/2008 27 27 6 1,207 S&G 9 1,198 11/12/2008 -- -- 20 0–15 silty gravel, 15–18 fine 

sand, 18–24 clay with some silt, 24–27 ft S&G.
Appendix 1 33

Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued[ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well]

Site 

number

Site 

name

Date 

drilled

Well 

depth 

(ft)

Depth 

of 

casing 

(ft)

Casing 

diameter 

(in)

Altitude 

land 

surface 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Aquifer 

type

Water 

level 

below 

land 

surface 

(ft)

Altitude 

water 

level 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Date 

water 

level 

measured

Depth 

to 

bedrock 

(ft)

Altitude 

top of 

bedrock 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Reported 

yield 

(gal/min)

Remarks

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County

421318076254801 TI 17 12/8/2000 29 -- -- 960 S&G 10 950 12/8/2000 -- -- -- --421159076192101 TI 19 3/22/2001 35 -- -- 880 S&G 18 862 3/22/2001 -- -- -- --420747076163501 TI 251 -- 63 63 5 831 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- --420724076164401 TI 252 1945 72 72 6 860 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- --420759076165701 TI 253 6/1/1965 61 61 5 829 S&G 8 821 6/1/1965 -- -- 30 0–4 dirty gravel, 4–55 clay and 

silt, 55–61 ft fine–coarse sand.

420759076170001 TI 254 1964 149 86 5 844 Gravel 18 826 1964 -- -- 8 --420756076170801 TI 255 1/1/1949 63 63 6 865 S&G 18 847 1/1/1949 -- -- 6 0–63 ft S&G, some water at 

30 ft.

420902076180601 TI 267 5/1/1965 16 13 1 842 S&G 9 833 5/1/1965 -- -- -- Perforated.420931076183101 TI 268 -- 33 33 6 919 S&G 11 908 -- -- -- -- --420955076183701 TI 269 1963 55 55 5 880 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- --420952076190001 TI 270 10/1/1962 120 17 5 877 Gravel 36 841 10/1/1962 -- -- 8 0–17 ft gravel.420955076193901 TI 271 1/1/1957 132 21 5 945 Shale 25 920 1/1/1957 21 924 -- First water at 51 ft, maybe 

some salt or iron in water.

421056076195401 TI 273 8/1/1967 65 65 5 1,100 S&G -- -- 8/1/1967 -- -- 3 0–64 till or dense clay, 64–65 

ft gravel, supplies home, flowed 7 ft above grade Dec. 1967 at 7 gal/min.

421105076184601 TI 274 6/1/1962 66 66 5 877 S&G 10 867 6/1/1962 -- -- 10 Fine sediment, “soupy” 0–50 ft; 

till, 50–66 ft gravel.

421139076184701 TI 275 8/1/1965 76 76 6 879 S&G 22 857 8/1/1965 -- -- -- 0–20 gravel, 20–75 blue clay, 

75–76 ft gravel.

421201076190301 TI 276 7/1/1965 55 55 0 893 S&G 25 868 7/1/1965 -- -- -- --421225076193001 TI 277 05/01/1956 75 75 6 885 S&G 18 867 05/01/1956 -- -- 15 0–75 mostly clayey gravel and 

or till, 75 ft gravel.

421216076194501 TI 278 9/1/1964 97 97 5 897 S&G 30 867 9/1/1964 104 793 -- Fine sand, 70–104 water, 

bedrock 104–178, 3 gal/min, much gas; pulled casing back to 97 ft after 6 weeks.
34 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well] Site number Site name Date drilled Well depth (ft) Depth of casing (ft) Casing diameter (in) Altitude land surface (NAVD 88, in ft) Aquifer type Water level below land surface (ft) Altitude water level (NAVD 88, in ft) Date water level measured Depth to bedrock (ft) Altitude top of bedrock (NAVD 88, in ft) Reported yield (gal/min) Remarks Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued 421216076194502 TI 279 7/1/1963 35 31 1 897 S&G 16 881 7/1/1963 -- -- 40 Water level 31 ft Aug. 1964 (below suction lift). Casing perforated 31–35 ft. 421240076270701 TI 280 8/1/1961 50 50 6 970 S&G 6 964 8/1/1961 -- -- 30 Replaced contaminated driven well; another 21 ft driven well nearby. 421225076274501 TI 281 7/1/1965 15 12 1 972 S&G 4 968 7/1/1965 -- -- 5 12–15 ft perforated or slotted casing. 421223076281701 TI 282 1950 22 19 1 979 S&G 16 963 1950 -- -- -- Perforated from 19 to 22 ft. 421257076293601 TI 283 1/1/1961 53 53 6 1,000 S&G 17 983 1/1/1961 -- -- 40 -- 421220076301501 TI 284 6/1/1962 38 38 -- 990 S&G 8 982 6/1/1962 -- -- 35 -- 421255076295801 TI 285 7/1/1964 38 38 6 1,003 S&G 22 981 7/1/1964 -- -- 20 -- 421241076300701 TI 286 5/1/1965 54 54 6 997 S&G 12 985 05/01/1695 -- -- 45 -- 421248076301001 TI 287 10/1/1948 46 46 6 1,011 S&G 33 987 10/1/1948 -- -- 20 -- 421220076301501 TI 288 1/1/1954 30 30 6 995 S&G 12 983 1/1/1954 -- -- -- Well penetrates gravel, ends in black sand. 421319076200001 TI 291 2/1/1967 66 -- 8 895 S&G 14 881 2/1/1967 -- -- 183 0–29 clay & gravel, 29–60 clay, 60–66 S&G, 66–90 ft clay & gravel. 80% clay. 421320076200101 TI 292 2/1/1967 80 70 2 895 S&G 11 884 2/1/1967 -- -- 50 0–8 S&G, 8–28 clay & gravel, 28–52 gray clay & gravel, 52–88 gravel, 70–80 ft screened. 421321076200901 TI 293 -- 33 23 8 888 S&G 13 875 3/1/1967 -- -- 250 0–18 clay & gravel, 18–33 S&G, 33–55 ft gray clay, screened 23–33 ft. 421322076200901 TI 294 1/1/1967 36 0 2 890 S&G 13 877 1/1/1967 -- -- 50 0–5 clay and gravel, 5–36 ft 

S&G. Screened.

421333076201101 TI 295 1938 44 44 8 890 S&G 12 878 1938 -- -- 165 Supplied 50,000 gal/d for 

creamery in 1946.

421359076201101 TI 296 -- 93 53 8 900 Gravel -- -- -- -- -- 100 --421344076201501 TI 297 3/1/1962 68 68 6 898 S&G 5 893 3/1/1962 -- -- 40 --421324076201801 TI 298 -- 71 -- -- 890 Shale -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Appendix 1 35

Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued[ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well]

Site 

number

Site 

name

Date 

drilled

Well 

depth 

(ft)

Depth 

of 

casing 

(ft)

Casing 

diameter 

(in)

Altitude 

land 

surface 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Aquifer 

type

Water 

level 

below 

land 

surface 

(ft)

Altitude 

water 

level 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Date 

water 

level 

measured

Depth 

to 

bedrock 

(ft)

Altitude 

top of 

bedrock 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Reported 

yield 

(gal/min)

Remarks

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued

421349076201801 TI 299 7/1/1968 66 56 8 898 S&G 4 894 7/1/1968 -- -- 350 53–63 ft screened.421748076231801 TI 306 4/28/2000 39 39 6 1,020 S&G 7 1,013 4/28/2000 -- -- 12 0–39 ft S&G.420933076270901 TI 309D 11/9/2000 240 59 6 1,111 Shale 45 871 11/9/2000 55 1,056 5 0–20 till, 20–55 cemented 

gravel, 55–240 ft shale.

421716076224501 TI 329 6/30/2000 28 28 6 949 S&G 15 934 6/30/2000 -- -- 15 0–28 ft S&G.420823076173501 TI 354D 9/19/2000 33 33 6 850 Gravel 20 830 9/19/2000 -- -- -- 0–33 ft gravel.420829076174401 TI 375 12/1/2000 131 131 6 845 Shale 29 816 12/1/2000 28 817 -- 0–28 gravel, 28–131 ft shale.420747076164001 TI 390 12/15/2000 35 35 6 827 S&G 12 158 12/15/2000 -- -- -- 0–35 ft gravel.421856076242301 TI 395 2/7/2001 85 29 6 1,107 Shale 9 1,098 2/9/2001 49 1,058 20 0–15 till, 15–23 gravel, 

23–47 clay and stone, 47–49 gravel, 49–85 ft shale.

421335076233101 TI 400 5/2/2001 320 86.5 6 855 Shale 30 825 5/2/2001 85 770 2 0–30 till, 30–85 sandy clay, 

85–320 ft shale.

421228076193001 TI 401 4/24/2001 59 -- -- 885 S&G 20 865 4/24/2001 -- -- -- 0–12 gravel, 12–35 sand & 

clay, 35–55 cemented gravel, 54–59 ft S&G.

421232076283801 TI 414D 4/26/2001 70 27 6 989 Shale 20 869 4/26/2001 26 963 9 0–26 gravel, 26–70 ft shale.421215076271001 TI 427D 5/19/2001 320 31 6 1,166 Shale 140 1,026 5/19/2001 27 1,139 4 0–27 till, 27–320 ft shale.421328076291401 TI 431 7/20/2001 30 30 6 998 S&G 12 986 7/20/2001 -- -- 15 0–30 ft S&G.421346076294901 TI 461 8/31/2001 39 39 6 1,018 S&G 24 994 8/31/2001 -- -- 20 0–39 ft gravel.421731076223701 TI 473 10/12/2001 28 28 6 938 S&G 15 923 10/12/2001 -- -- 20 0–28 ft S&G.421304076263501 TI 475D 10/17/2001 81 27 6 978 Shale 20 958 10/17/2001 27 945 20 0–27 gravel, 27–81 ft shale.421416076222901 TI 506D 6/13/2001 38 38 6 930 Gravel 20 910 6/13/2001 -- -- 15 0–38 ft gravel.421224076290701 TI 508D 6/18/2001 36 36 6 978 S&G 6 972 6/18/2001 -- -- 15 0–36 ft S&G.421233076281501 TI 510D 1/16/2002 88 22 6 1,000 Shale 40 960 1/18/2002 22 988 17 0–22 gravel, 22–88 ft shale.421219076195401 TI 515D 2/12/2002 53 53 6 911 S&G 12 899 2/12/2002 -- -- 20 0–28 gravel, 28–40 sand and 

clay, 40–50 sand, 50–53 ft S&G.

421253076293701 TI 528D 1/24/2002 30 30 6 996 Gravel 15 981 1/24/2002 -- -- 15 0–30 ft gravel.421343076294301 TI 553 5/13/2002 45 45 6 1,015 S&G 21 994 5/13/2002 -- -- 15 0–22 S&G, 22–44 sand, 44–45 

ft S&G.
36 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well] Site number Site name Date drilled Well depth (ft) Depth of casing (ft) Casing diameter (in) Altitude land surface (NAVD 88, in ft) Aquifer type Water level below land surface (ft) Altitude water level (NAVD 88, in ft) Date water level measured Depth to bedrock (ft) Altitude top of bedrock (NAVD 88, in ft) Reported yield (gal/min) Remarks Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued 421336076232601 TI 561 6/14/2002 103 28 6 940 Shale 20 920 6/14/2002 26 914 7 0–26 S&G, 26–103 ft shale. 421418076293601 TI 567 7/6/2002 128 74 6 1,036 S&G 38 998 7/11/2002 74 962 10 0–40 S&G, 40–68 sand and clay, 68–74 gravel, 74–128 ft shale. 421232076292301 TI 587D 7/28/2002 30 30 6 986 Gravel 10 976 7/28/2002 -- -- 15 0–30 ft gravel. 421449076285001 TI 589D 8/8/2002 22 22 6 1,036 S&G 3 1,033 8/8/2002 -- -- 15 0–22 ft S&G. 421319076255301 TI 593 4/16/1985 22 -- -- 955 S&G 8 947 4/16/1985 -- -- -- Test boring. 0–22 ft S&G. 421316076254001 TI 594 4/1/1985 90 -- -- 955 S&G 5 950 4/1/1985 -- -- -- Test boring. 0–42 S&G, 42–63 silty sand, 63–83 silt and clay, 83–90 ft S&G with some silty clay (till?). 421439076222801 TI 595 11/3/1983 93 -- -- 955 S&G 5 950 11/3/1983 -- -- -- Test boring. 0–25 S&G, 25–50 silt and sand, 50–78 silty sand with clay and pebbles (till?), clay and gravel, 78–93 ft silty S&G. 421403076203101 TI 596 7/6/1982 73 -- -- 903 S&G 12 891 7/6/1982 -- -- -- Test boring. 0–22 silty S&G, 22–46 silt, 46–73 ft S&G. 421235076293301 TI 597 4/12/2004 97 -- -- 989 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- Test boring. 0–25 gravelly silt, 25–30 S&G, 40–60 gravelly silt, 40–60 S&G, 60–85 layered clay and silt, 85–90 S&G, 90–97 ft till. 420950076182901 TI 598D 10/10/2002 126 126 6 945 S&G 105 840 10/10/2002 -- -- -- 0–25 till, 25–62 gravel and clay, 62–74 till. 74–97 silt, 97–118 clay & gravel, 118–126 ft S&G. 421659076224301 TI 598 9/28/1998 100 -- -- 938 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- 0–10 sandy silt, 10–35 S&G, 

35–65 sand, silt and clay, 65–80 clay, 80–90 silty sand, 90–95 clay, 95–101 ft S&G.

421546076223401 TI 599 4/22/2004 61 -- -- 935 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- 0–25 gravelly silt, 25–35 sand 

and silt, 35–61 ft gravelly sand and silt.
Appendix 1 37

Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued[ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well]

Site 

number

Site 

name

Date 

drilled

Well 

depth 

(ft)

Depth 

of 

casing 

(ft)

Casing 

diameter 

(in)

Altitude 

land 

surface 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Aquifer 

type

Water 

level 

below 

land 

surface 

(ft)

Altitude 

water 

level 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Date 

water 

level 

measured

Depth 

to 

bedrock 

(ft)

Altitude 

top of 

bedrock 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Reported 

yield 

(gal/min)

Remarks

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued

420045076304601 TI 622 10/15/2002 108 72 6 822 Shale 22 800 10/15/2002 72 750 15 0–35 gravel, 35–60 clay and 

stones, 60–72 cemented gravel, 72–108 ft shale.

421110076310501 TI 631 10/7/2002 60 38 6 1,125 Shale 10 1,115 10/7/2002 37 1088 10 0–37 till, 37–60 ft shale.421235076294701 TI 636 10/23/2002 38 38 6 989 Sand 15 974 10/23/2002 -- -- 15 0–25 gravel, 25–38 ft sand.421635076212101 TI 636 -- -- -- -- 1,027 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --421523076305701 TI 646 11/4/2002 75 62 6 1,084 Shale 25 1,059 11/4/2002 62 1,022 10 0–40 S&G, 40–60 sand & clay, 

60–62 sand, 62–75 ft shale.

421236076293601 TI 652 11/27/2002 29 29 6 993 S&G 15 978 11/27/2002 -- -- 15 0–29 ft sand and fine gravel.421239076271301 TI 654 12/2/2002 29 29 6 972 S&G 9 963 12/2/2002 -- -- 15 0–29 ft S&G.421243076193101 TI 663 2/7/2003 58 58 6 882 S&G 15 867 2/7/2003 -- -- 14 0–15 sand and gravel, 15–55 

cemented gravel, 55–58 ft S&G.

421308076263801 TI 664 10/28/2003 65 19 6 975 Shale 11 964 10/28/2003 12 963 9 0–12 gravel, and 12–65 ft 

shale.

421248076295101 TI 671 3/12/2003 27 27 6 999 Gravel 17 982 3/12/2003 -- -- 20 0–27 ft gravel.421635076212101 TI 686 5/15/2003 65 17 6 1,037 Shale 13 1,024 5/15/2003 4 1,033 9 0–4 till, 4–65 ft shale.421250076293701 TI 691 5/21/2003 27 27 6 996 S&G 19 977 5/21/2003 -- -- 15 0–18 S&G, 18–25 sand, 25–27 

ft S&G.

421424076211301 TI 698 7/3/2003 110 110 6 912 S&G 25 887 7/3/2003 -- -- 13 0–18 gravel, 18–60 sand clay, 

60–98 clay, 98–105 sand, 105–110 ft S&G.

421334076201901 TI 700 1967 94 93 7 888 Shale -- -- -- 93 795 -- 0–4 clay, 4–15 clay & gravel, 

15–93 gray clay, 93–94 ft shale.

421336076202001 TI 701 8/1/1949 96 96 6 890 S&G 14 876 8/1/1949 -- -- -- Well not used. Low yield. Also 

have a driven well 18 ft deep that supplied farm prior to 1949.

421427076300201 TI 701D 7/22/2003 76 76 6 1,062 S&G 56 1,006 7/22/2003 -- -- 20 0–18 sandy clay, 18–68 till, 

68–73 dirty gravel, 73–76 ft fine gravel.
38 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well] Site number Site name Date drilled Well depth (ft) Depth of casing (ft) Casing diameter (in) Altitude land surface (NAVD 88, in ft) Aquifer type Water level below land surface (ft) Altitude water level (NAVD 88, in ft) Date water level measured Depth to bedrock (ft) Altitude top of bedrock (NAVD 88, in ft) Reported yield (gal/min) Remarks Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued 421400076204801 TI 702 3/1/1967 79 69 8 898 S&G 4 894 3/1/1967 69 829 250 0–10 clay, 10–19 clay and gravel, 19–55 gray clay, 55–68 fine S&G, 68–79 S&G, 79–85 ft clay and gravel. 421201076301601 TI 702D 7/17/2003 29 29 6 989 S&G 8 981 7/17/2003 -- -- 25 0–21 sandy clay, 21–29 ft S&G. 421359076210601 TI 703 1963 149 116 -- 922 Shale -- -- -- 116 806 -- 0–30 S&G, 30–116 silt & very fine sand, 116–149 ft shale. 421338076215801 TI 704 2/1/1965 170 70 5 968 Shale 30 938 2/1/1965 -- -- 5 Water contains gas. 421354076221501 TI 705 10/1/1959 96 96 5 936 S&G 23 913 10/1/1959 -- -- -- Black sand (possible rock?) 90–96 ft water has sulfur odor. 421317076251301 TI 706 1947 3,150 -- -- 958 Shale -- -- -- 63 895 -- 0–63 gravel, 63–3,150 ft shale, fresh water at 5 ft & 123 ft, gas at 250 ft. 421307076295701 TI 707 11/1/1965 42 40 2 1,001 S&G 16 985 11/1/1965 -- -- -- 40–42 ft sand. 421308076295701 TI 708 11/1/1962 48 38 6 999 S&G 12 987 11/1/1962 -- -- -- 38–48 ft screened. 421421076203501 TI 713 12/1/1964 36 36 6 915 S&G 20 895 12/1/1964 -- -- 12 -- 421401076204801 TI 714 1/1/1967 85 75 2 900 S&G 5 895 1/1/1967 110 790 30 0–5 brown sandy clay & grav- el, 5–15 S&G, 15–60 sand, 60–73 gray S&G, 73–85 gravel, 85–96 gray sand, 96–110 gray clay and gravel, 110–112 ft grey shale. 421401076214101 TI 715 8/1/1965 24 24 5 922 S&G 22 900 8/1/1965 -- -- 15 0–25 S&G, 25–45 ft fine– grained sediment; casing pulled back to 24 ft.

421442076222601 TI 716 1964 72 72 5 930 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- --421432076285301 TI 717 12/1/1953 43 43 6 1,068 S&G 26 1,042 12/1/1953 -- -- 27 --421409076302001 TI 718 4/1/1947 43 43 6 1,028 S&G 18 1,010 4/1/1947 -- -- 40 --421454076302501 TI 719 4/1/1947 42 42 6 1,044 S&G 24 1,020 4/1/1947 -- -- 30 --421443076302601 TI 720 7/1/1957 42 42 0 1,040 S&G 29 1,011 7/1/1957 -- -- 25 --
Appendix 1 39

Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued[ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well]

Site 

number

Site 

name

Date 

drilled

Well 

depth 

(ft)

Depth 

of 

casing 

(ft)

Casing 

diameter 

(in)

Altitude 

land 

surface 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Aquifer 

type

Water 

level 

below 

land 

surface 

(ft)

Altitude 

water 

level 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Date 

water 

level 

measured

Depth 

to 

bedrock 

(ft)

Altitude 

top of 

bedrock 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Reported 

yield 

(gal/min)

Remarks

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued

421519076283201 TI 722 1/1/1966 67 62 6 1,063 Shale 8 1,055 1/1/1966 -- -- 60 --

421522076284001 TI 723 9/1/1949 50 16 6 1,074 Shale 10 1,064 9/1/1949 -- -- 11 --421550076300401 TI 724 8/1/1965 41 41 6 1,038 S&G 12 1,026 8/1/1965 -- -- 45 Ends in bright pebbly coarse 

sand; fine silty above; some water at 22 ft.

421550076300402 TI 725 -- 27 24 -- 1,037 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- Supplied house until 1965, 

water iron–bearing and hard, 24–27 ft perforated or slotted casing.

421523076303001 TI 726 9/1/1965 46 46 6 1,045 S&G 26 1,019 9/1/1965 -- -- 25 --421526076303001 TI 727 07/01/1965 52 52 6 1,054 S&G 32 1,022 7/1/1965 -- -- 24 --421534076303101 TI 728 4/4/1946 42 42 6 1,059 S&G 20 1,039 4/1/1946 -- -- 25 --421553076313601 TI 729 8/1/1963 42 42 6 1,172 Shale 12 1,160 1/1/1963 -- -- -- --421557076315001 TI 730 8/1/1954 45 21 6 1,196 Shale 18 1,178 8/1/1954 -- -- 12 --421458076285801 TI 731D 9/3/2004 30 30 6 1,041 S&G 6 1,035 9/4/2004 -- -- 25 0–30 ft gravel.421404076300801 TI 735 9/3/2003 50 50 6 1,024 S&G 25 999 9/3/2003 -- -- 25 0–50 ft S&G.421635076213201 TI 736 1964 72 34 5 1,015 Shale -- -- -- -- -- -- --421728076204401 TI 736D 9/5/2003 60 49 6 1,065 Shale 20 1,045 9/9/2003 49 1,016 20 0–18 gravel, 18–30 till, 30–49 

gravel, 49–60 ft shale.

421624076223601 TI 737 1/1/1968 118 118 5 939 S&G 12 927 1/1/1968 -- -- -- 0–16 fine sand, 16–17 gravel, 

17–25 sand, 25–110 silt and very fine sand, 110–118 ft sand.

421645076225201 TI 738 11/1/1957 156 156 5 935 S&G 1 934 11/1/1957 -- -- 100 --421219076193101 TI 738D 9/092003 37 37 6 882 S&G 12 870 9/10/2003 -- -- 14 0–32 S&G, 32–37 ft gravel.421620076293901 TI 739 8/1/1964 113 48 5 1,080 Shale 48 1,032 8/1/1964 -- -- -- --420944076185601 TI 739D 7/8/2003 200 50 6 884 Shale 46 838 7/8/2003 50 834 7 0–50 till, 50–200 ft shale.421605076295201 TI 740 11/1/1964 64 64 5 1,079 S&G 59 1,020 11/1/1964 -- -- -- --421607076304401 TI 741 11/1/1965 96 79 6 1,081 Shale 63 1,018 11/1/1965 79 1,002 25 --421737076224501 TI 746 6/1/1965 115 115 5 965 S&G 12 953 6/1/1965 -- -- 10 0–25 gravel, 25–90 fine sand & 

silt, 90–115 ft gravel. Supplies house and barn.
40 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well] Site number Site name Date drilled Well depth (ft) Depth of casing (ft) Casing diameter (in) Altitude land surface (NAVD 88, in ft) Aquifer type Water level below land surface (ft) Altitude water level (NAVD 88, in ft) Date water level measured Depth to bedrock (ft) Altitude top of bedrock (NAVD 88, in ft) Reported yield (gal/min) Remarks Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued 421853076222601 TI 750 6/16/1966 83 83 5 1,005 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421839076222701 TI 751 -- 120 -- -- 1,015 Shale -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421837076222801 TI 752 -- 110 -- -- 1,010 Shale -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421809076234201 TI 753 -- 18 16 2 1,040 S&G 13 1,027 1940 -- -- -- -- 421233076295901 TI 753D 10/20/2003 51 51 6 989 S&G 10 979 10/30/2003 -- -- 15 0–28 S&G, 28–45 clay and sand, 45–51 ft. S&G. 421812076234201 TI 754 4/1/1966 63 63 5 1,055 S&G 8 1,047 4/1/1966 -- -- -- -- 421718076224401 TI 755 10/30/2003 28 28 6 946 S&G 12 934 10/31/2003 -- -- -- 0–28 ft S&G. 421905076222701 TI 757 -- 30 -- -- 970 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421903076222901 TI 758 -- 30 -- -- 970 S&G -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 421252076293301 TI 769 10/28/2003 27 27 6 999 S&G 17 982 10/28/2003 -- -- 15 0–27 ft S&G. 421723076224201 TI 782 4/5/2004 29 29 6 947 S&G 10 937 4/5/2004 -- -- -- 0–29 ft S&G. 421238076300001 TI 790 5/25/2004 25 25 6 992 S&G 8 984 5/25/2004 -- -- -- 0–15 gravel, 15–20 sand, 20–25 ft gravel. 421223076304101 TI 794 5/27/2004 120 31 6 1,023 Shale 30 993 5/27/2007 25 998 6 0–15 gravel, 15–25 till. 25–120 ft shale. 421348076292001 TI 795 6/4/2004 72 70 6 1,014 Shale 20 994 6/8/2004 70 944 -- 0–19 silty gravel, 19–28 cemented gravel, 28–48 clay and stone, 48–70 S&G, 70–72 ft shale. 421342076293101 TI 796 6/1/2004 40 40 6 1,016 S&G 21 995 6/3/2004 -- -- 20 0–30 dirty gravel, 30–38 sand clay and gravel, 38–40 ft sand & fine gravel. 421213076313301 TI 891 11/19/2003 53 48 2 1,030 S&G 19 1,011 6/1/2009 -- -- -- 0–10 gravel, 10–45 silty gravel, 45–53 ft gravel. Screened 48–53 ft.

421319076240401 TI1014 6/17/2004 30 30 6 960 S&G 15 945 6/18/2004 -- -- 12 0–30 ft S&G.421244076262201 TI1015 7/8/2004 31 31 6 960 S&G 3 957 7/8/2004 -- -- 20 0–31 ft gravel.421340076292701 TI1016 7/2/2004 40 40 6 1,001 S&G 10 991 7/2/2004 -- -- 25 Test well. 0–40 ft S&G.421315076292401 TI1017 7/7/2004 40 40 6 996 S&G 10 984 7/7/2004 -- -- 25 Test well. 0–12 S&G, 12–28 

cemented gravel, 28–40 ft sand and fine gravel.
Appendix 1 41

Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued[ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well]

Site 

number

Site 

name

Date 

drilled

Well 

depth 

(ft)

Depth 

of 

casing 

(ft)

Casing 

diameter 

(in)

Altitude 

land 

surface 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Aquifer 

type

Water 

level 

below 

land 

surface 

(ft)

Altitude 

water 

level 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Date 

water 

level 

measured

Depth 

to 

bedrock 

(ft)

Altitude 

top of 

bedrock 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Reported 

yield 

(gal/min)

Remarks

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued

421416076285801 TI1018 7/16/2004 69 27 6 1,028 Shale 16 1,012 7/20/2004 27 1,001 6 0–27 S&G, 27–69 ft shale.421231076272301 TI1019 7/9/2004 29 29 6 972 S&G 10 962 7/9/2004 -- -- 20 0–29 ft S&G.421359076202801 TI1030 9/21/2004 53 53 6 900 S&G 13 887 9/21/2004 -- -- 25 0–22 gravel, 22–50 sandy clay 

and stone, 50–53 ft coarse sand.

421424076285801 TI1050 11/3/2004 47 27 6 1,027 Shale 9 1,018 11/3/2004 27 1,000 10 0–27 S&G, 27–40 ft shale.421431076284801 TI1077 4/22/2005 200 38 6 1,099 Shale 50 1,049 4/22/2005 36 1,063 7 0–36 till, 36–200 ft shale.421412076293001 TI1081 3/30/2005 31 31 6 1,020 S&G 13 1,007 3/30/2005 -- -- 20 0–12 hardpan, 12–28 dirty 

gravel, 28–31 ft fine gravel.

421322076241801 TI1090 5/13/2005 54 54 6 951 S&G 12 939 5/13/2005 -- -- 5 0–16 S&G, 16–40 clay & 

gravel, 40–49 S&G, 49–51 clay & gravel, 51–54 ft S&G.

421208076185601 TI1098 5/25/2005 45 45 6 920 S&G 15 905 5/25/2005 -- -- 12 0–45 ft S&G.421406076233801 TI1101 5/23/2005 160 78 6 1,086 Shale 60 1,026 5/24/2005 75 1,011 10 0–15 till, 15–18 gravel, 18–45 

clay, 45–47 dirty gravel, 47–75 clay, 75–160 ft shale.

421732076223901 TI1102 11/7/2005 104 104 6 954 S&G 12 942 11/9/2005 -- -- -- 0–6 cinder block pit, 6–23 

clayey gravel, 23–34 S&G, 34–38 clay and gravel, 38–103 silt, 103–104 S&G.

421259076294301 TI1110 7/19/2005 35 35 6 1,000 S&G 18 982 7/19/2005 -- -- 10 0–5 till, 5–25 gravel, 25–35 ft 

gravel.

421409076230301 TI1144 9/19/2005 36 36 6 930 S&G 12 918 9/19/2005 -- -- 25 0–15 gravel, 15–30 clay & 

gravel, and 30–36 ft fine gravel.

421433076211501 TI1145 10/4/2005 304 153 6 1,000 Shale 90 910 10/4/2005 153 847 1 0–153 till, 153–304 ft shale.421428076211201 TI1150 10/7/2007 124 124 6 931 S&G 24 907 10/7/2007 -- -- 25 0–64 gravel, 64–105 clay, 

105–118 sand and clay, 118–122 sand, 122–124 ft fine gravel.

421246076264601 TI1152 10/12/2005 40 40 6 964 S&G 5 959 10/12/2005 -- -- 25 0–40 ft S&G.
42 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well] Site number Site name Date drilled Well depth (ft) Depth of casing (ft) Casing diameter (in) Altitude land surface (NAVD 88, in ft) Aquifer type Water level below land surface (ft) Altitude water level (NAVD 88, in ft) Date water level measured Depth to bedrock (ft) Altitude top of bedrock (NAVD 88, in ft) Reported yield (gal/min) Remarks Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued 421424076211701 TI1154 10/18/2005 134 134 6 913 Shale 15 898 10/18/2005 133 780 20 0–25 gravel, 25–50 clay & gravel, 50–130 sandy clay, 130–133 fine gravel, 133–134 ft. shale. 421041076183501 TI1164 10/28/2005 57 57 6 870 S&G 14 856 10/28/2005 -- -- 8 0–5 gravel, 5–32 clay and gravel, 32–43 silt, 43–51 silt and gravel, 51–57 ft S&G. 421419076293401 TI1182 12/15/2005 79 26 6 1,013 Shale 10 1,003 12/15/2005 24 989 13 0–24 S&G, 24–79 ft shale. 421418076225001 TI1211 3/28/2006 57 57 6 952 S&G 45 907 3/28/2006 -- -- 15 0–57 ft S&G. 420818076263201 TI1250 6/9/2006 137 137 6 1,129 S&G 116 1,013 6/9/2006 -- -- 15 0–50 till, 50–85 cemented gravel, 85–135 sandy gravel, 135–137 ft coarse sand. 421238076191801 TI1253 7/26/2006 56 56 6 960 Shale -- -- 7/26/2006 19 941 13 Flows. 0–19 till, 19–56 ft shale. 421423076212001 TI1256 6/30/2006 134 134 6 913 S&G 16 897 6/30/2006 -- -- 20 0–30 gravel, 30–120 till, 120–130 sandy clay and stone, 130–134 ft S&G. 420930076182801 TI1270 7/18/2006 32 32 6 857 S&G 22 835 7/18/2006 -- -- 10 0–32 ft S&G. 420958076183701 TI1272 8/4/2006 38 38 6 868 S&G 23 845 8/4/2006 -- -- 11 0–14 S&G, 14–22 silt, 22–38 ft S&G. 421327076293201 TI1273 7/27/2006 30 30 6 997 S&G 10 987 7/27/2006 -- -- 25 Irrigation well. 0–30 ft S&G. 421245076192901 TI1285 9/18/2006 54 54 6 889 S&G 15 876 9/18/2006 -- -- -- 0–25 dirty gravel, 25–52 ce- mented gravel, 52–54 ft sand and gravel. 421333076244401 TI1301 10/13/2006 32 32 6 957 S&G 17 940 10/13/2006 -- -- 10 0–32 ft gravel. 420839076175701 TI1304 10/31/2006 200 22 6 864 Shale 35 829 10/31/2006 9 855 6 0–9 till, 9–200 ft shale. 421252076255601 TI1307 10/19/2006 30 30 6 971 S&G 12 959 10/19/2006 -- -- -- 0–9 S&G, 9–24 clay and gravel, 34–30 ft S&G.

421310076245701 TI1309 11/21/2006 140 38 6 1,007 Shale 65 942 11/21/2006 38 969 10 0–38 gravel, 38–140 ft shale.421208076284101 TI1316 12/19/2006 60 60 6 980 Shale -- -- -- 183 797 100 Test well. 0–58 gravel, 58–66 

silty sand, 66–71 sand, 71–167 S&G, 167–172 till, 172–183 clay, 183–218 ft shale.
Appendix 1 43

Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued[ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well]

Site 

number

Site 

name

Date 

drilled

Well 

depth 

(ft)

Depth 

of 

casing 

(ft)

Casing 

diameter 

(in)

Altitude 

land 

surface 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Aquifer 

type

Water 

level 

below 

land 

surface 

(ft)

Altitude 

water 

level 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Date 

water 

level 

measured

Depth 

to 

bedrock 

(ft)

Altitude 

top of 

bedrock 

(NAVD 88, 

in ft)

Reported 

yield 

(gal/min)

Remarks

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued

421423076211701 TI1339 4/5/2007 131 131 6 911 Shale 20 891 4/5/2007 131 780 30 0–25 gravel, 30–127 sandy 

clay, 127–131 gravel, 131–132 ft shale.

421160076295801 TI1353 5/15/2007 60 28.5 6 1,033 Shale 20 1,013 5/15/2007 20 1,013 15 0–20 dirty gravel and boulders, 

20–60 ft shale.

421220076304701 TI1359 8/9/2007 160 33 6 1,004 Shale 20 984 8/9/2007 32 972 3 0–27 dirty gravel, 27–160 ft 

shale.

421221076304101 TI1360 8/10/2007 100 19 6 1,008 Shale 19 989 8/10/2007 6 1,002 4 0–6 gravel, 6–100 ft shale.420829076174201 TI1363 6/29/2007 79 41 6 837 Shale 20 817 6/29/2007 32 805 10 0–13 gravel, 13–20 clay and 

gravel, 20–32 S&G, 32–79 ft shale.

420952076190501 TI1366 5/21/2007 200 55 6 869 Shale 6 863 5/21/2007 48 821 5 0–8 gravel, 8–48 till, 48–200 

ft shale.

421424076211401 TI1372 6/27/2007 98 98 6 913 S&G 80 833 6/27/2007 -- -- 20 0–15 gravel, 15–28 S&G, 

28–96 clay, 96–98 ft gravel.

421422076213301 TI1394 10/12/2007 90 92 6 910 Gravel 20 890 10/17/2007 -- -- 15 0–13 till, 13–50 S&G, 50–87 

clay & stone (till?), 87–90 ft gravel.

421316076245001 TI1395 9/6/2007 58 27 6 958 Shale 15 943 9/6/2007 27 931 20 0–27 gravel, 27–58 ft shale.421751076231701 TI1412 10/19/2007 52 52 6 1,022 S&G 32 990 10/19/2007 -- -- 15 0–12 hardpan (till?), 12–52 ft 

S&G.

421646076213001 TI1417 10/11/2007 45 45 6 1,022 S&G 17 1,005 10/11/2007 -- -- -- 0–42 dirty gravel, 42–45 ft fine 

gravel.

421221076311901 TI1418 10/15/2007 240 19 6 1,080 Shale 15 1,065 10/15/2007 3 1,076 2 0–3 till, 3–240 ft shale.421248076295901 TI1425 12/19/2007 36 36 6 1,001 S&G 17 984 12/19/2007 -- -- 15 0–2 till, 2–36 ft S&G.421428076285601 TI1428 11/15/2007 30 30 6 1,037 S&G 10 1,027 11/15/2007 -- -- 20 0–4 gravel, 4–10 clay, 10–30 

ft gravel.

421222076211401 TI1432 11/19/2007 144 133 6 909 Shale 80 829 11/19/2007 133 776 12 0–22 gravel, 22–34 gray silt 

and gravel, 34–133 grey silt, 133–144 ft shale.

421257076300201 TI1438 11/30/2007 51 51 6 1,011 S&G 30 981 11/30/2007 -- -- 15 0–51 ft S&G.421202076295201 TI1440 12/5/2007 260 28 6 1,025 Shale 34 991 12/6/2007 21 1,004 2 0–21 gravel, 21–260 ft shale.
44 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Appendix 1. Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD 88 in ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, gallons per day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; PWS, Public Water Supply well] Site number Site name Date drilled Well depth (ft) Depth of casing (ft) Casing diameter (in) Altitude land surface (NAVD 88, in ft) Aquifer type Water level below land surface (ft) Altitude water level (NAVD 88, in ft) Date water level measured Depth to bedrock (ft) Altitude top of bedrock (NAVD 88, in ft) Reported yield (gal/min) Remarks Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued 421745076231501 TI1443 12/21/2007 47 47 6 1,015 S&G 0 1,015 12/21/2007 -- -- 15 0–38 S&G, 38–44 clay and gravel (till?), 44–47 ft S&G. 420936076183401 TI1462 3/26/2008 32 32 6 860 S&G 22 838 3/26/2008 -- -- 10 0–9 S&G, 9–24 clay and gravel, 24–32 ft S&G. 421339076245301 TI1463 3/18/2008 160 82 6 1,044 Shale 40 1,004 3/18/2003 82 942 10 0–60 till, 60–65 clay, 65–82 till, 82–160 ft shale. 420837076173301 TI1469 5/15/2008 52 52 6 864 S&G 37 827 5/15/2008 -- -- 8 0–15 gravel, 15–26 clay and gravel, 26–46 silty clay and gravel, 46–52 ft S&G. 421751076231801 TI1484 6/13/2008 56 56 6 1,022 Gravel 6 1,016 6/13/2008 -- -- 15 0–18 S&G, 18–54 cemented gravel (till?), 54–56 ft S&G. 421257076300201 TI1487 12/28/2007 51 51 6 1,011 S&G 20 991 12/28/2007 -- -- 8 0–51 ft gravel, clay, and till. 420832076174801 TI1488 7/11/2008 149 60 6 853 Shale 70 783 7/25/2008 60 793 60 0–15 gravel, 15–45 clay and gravel (till?), 45–149 ft shale. 421229076272701 TI1494 6/30/2008 38 38 6 979 Gravel 18 961 6/30/2008 -- -- 25 0–38 ft gravel. 421305076294801 TI1526 10/22/2008 28 28 6 998 Gravel 14 984 10/22/2008 -- -- 15 0–28 ft gravel. 421358076231401 TI1530 10/24/2008 35 35 6 940 S&G 19 921 10/24/2008 -- -- 15 0–22 gravel, 22–33 clay and gravel (till?), 33–35 ft S&G. 421245076308101 TI1532 10/28/2008 49 41 5 1,005 Shale 10 995 10/282008 41 960 20 0–41 ?, 41–49 ft shale. 421423076284801 TI1551 2/23/2009 80 30 6 1,113 Shale 17 1,096 2/23/2009 30 1,083 10 0–30 till, 30–80 ft shale. 421245076300901 TI1555 3/13/2009 35 35 6 1,008 S&G 21 987 3/13/2009 -- -- 15 0–18 gravel, 18–28 sand, 28–35 ft fine gravel. 421853076235401 TI1571 5/12/2009 59 59 6 1,085 S&G 44 1,041 5/12/2009 12 0–20 till, 20–40 silty gravel, 40–57 till, 57–59 ft shale. 421322076240301 TI1585 6/8/2009 35 35 6 955 S&G 15 940 6/8/2009 -- -- -- 0–35 ft S&G. 421442076300301 TI1659 4/21/2010 59 59 6 1,037 S&G 26 1,011 4/21/2010 -- -- 20 0–15 hardpan (till or dirty 

gravel?), 15–42 sand and gravel, 42–55 till, 55–59 ft sand and gravel.

421211076312401 TI1701 9/16/2010 59 59 8 1,026 S&G 36 990 9/16/2010 -- -- 52 0–15 till, 15–55 dirty gravel, 

55–59 ft gravel.

420120076312601 TI1728 12/13/2010 58 58 6 848 S&G 36 812 12/13/2010 -- -- 20 0–18 hardpan (dirty gravel 

or till?), 18–54 cemented gravel, 54–58 ft S&G.
Prepared by the Pembroke and Rolla 

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Miller and Pitman—Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York —Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5127