September 2001

 Inside this Issue...

 Eye on Southeast Europe 2

 Commercial Opportunities 4

 Calendar of Events 7

Central and Eastern Europe’s Dynamic Energy

Market Offers Many Opportunities

for U.S. Firms

by Michael Rogers, Central and Eastern Europe

Business Information Center

At the start of the new century, Central and Eastern Europe

is facing new energy challenges. This includes: (1) securing affordable power supplies that are able to accommodate growing economies; (2) the need for wider private

sector participation in the energy sector; (3) greater integration of domestic energy industries into regional structures; (4) and the development of environmentally friendly

policies and strategies that comply with stringent international and European norms. This dynamic environment is

full of opportunity for a wide range of U.S. firms with expertise in areas such as plant management, environmental

technology, logistics, and engineering.

The energy sectors of individual countries in Central and

Eastern Europe (CEE) are in varying stages of development

and reform. Therefore, each country presents a unique set

of opportunities for U.S. firms. Nevertheless, there are two

crosscutting commercial policy objectives that are driving

this wide-scale sectoral reform. First, as part of the continued economic transition begun over a decade ago, the

region’s national governments are pursuing policies of

economic growth. Second, they are also pursuing a policy

of economic integration with international and regional institutions such as the European Union (EU).

As part of the EU accession process, these aspiring CEE

countries are required to adopt the acquis communautaire,

the common body of law in the European Union. The principal objectives of energy reform as it relates to the EU accession process include the creation of a single energy

market. In practice that means that accession candidate

states must take steps to ensure transparency of prices to

final consumers and to facilitate transit of resources from

Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and the Newly Independent States to the markets of Western Europe.

The commercial opportunities in Central and Eastern

Europe’s energy sector fall into two major categories: the

privatization of state-owned assets, and the upgrade of existing facilities and infrastructure as well as the construction of new facilities.

The following country profiles describe the current opportunities in some of the region’s individual markets.

Albania

Albania benefits from an abundant supply of hydropower.

There are currently eight major hydroelectric facilities that

account for 95 percent of the country’s power generation.

At present the hydro facilities produce about 3.6 billion

kilowatt hours per year. This is significantly below the projected capacity of 16 billion kilowatt hours per year. The

Albanian government is exploring ways to develop this

unrealized potential.

However, the Albanian energy sector has many problems

that it must overcome. Power supplies are restricted and

unpredictable. With no price controls, badly organized distribution, and public unwillingness to pay for substandard

service, about 50 percent of all electricity is not paid for.

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

(EBRD) and the World Bank are currently financing a number of initiatives to help improve Albania’s power generating infrastructure.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina’s total power generation capacity

is 3,867 megawatts. There are 13 hydro electric plants that

generate 52 percent of the country’s electricity. The

(Continued on page 3)

Central and Eastern Europe

Commercial Update

A publication of the U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Central and Eastern

Europe Business Infromation Center in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for Interntional Development
2 Central and Eastern Europe Commercial Update

Eye on Southeast Europe

Ex-Im Bank in Southeast Europe

by Margaret Kostic, Export-Import Bank

The Export Import Bank (Ex-Im Bank) is an independent

U.S. government agency that helps finance the sale of U.S.

exports primarily to emerging markets throughout the

world, by providing loans, guarantees, and insurance. The

Ex-Im Bank supported $15.5 billion in U.S. exports in fiscal

year 2000.

In Southeast Europe, the Ex-Im Bank is cooperating with

the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) and

the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (TDA) in

reconstruction efforts and in promoting trade between U.S.

companies, governments, and private businesses in the

region. In June 2000, the Ex-Im Bank announced its

decision to intensify its efforts in Southeast Europe by

establishing a presence in the region, along with OPIC and

TDA, in Zagreb, Croatia. Although the Ex-Im Bank does

not have a full time representative in Zagreb, as do OPIC

and TDA, Ex-Im’s director for Southeast Europe, Margaret

Kostic, and other Ex-Im Bank officials travel frequently to

the region to inform and advise government officials,

commercial banks, and buyers on the Ex-Im Bank’s

programs. Ex-Im has also planned a series of seminars and

conferences both in the region and in the United States

focused specifically on Southeast Europe.

Over the past five years, the Ex-Im Bank has supported

approximately $1 billion in U.S. exports to the region. The

Bank’s most active markets are Croatia, Bulgaria and

Romania. The bank has also supported projects in

Macedonia, and looks forward to doing business in

Bosnia-Hercegovina and the Federal Republic of

Yugoslavia. On August 9, 2001, the Ex-Im Bank announced

it was opening all of its programs in Albania, and has

already witnessed substantial interest among U.S. exporters

in this market. As stability and prosperity in the region

grow, there is significant potential for increased activity.

Financing is a key component for most transactions in this

part of the world, and the Ex-Im Bank is ready and willing

to assist.

In Croatia, the Ex-Im Bank has supported major

infrastructure projects, including road construction, power,

transportation, and communication projects. In Bulgaria,

the Ex-Im Bank is financing the upgrade and modernization

of the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant. And in Romania, the

bank has been active in many sectors and projects –

weather radar equipment, large commercial aircraft, and

medical equipment, to name a few. Whereas most of the

transactions supported to date have been in the public

sector, the bank is expanding its outreach efforts to the

private sector, because it is the development of the private

sector that will lead to future growth and stability in the

region. The Ex-Im Bank is also first considering highly

structured transactions, and views these in some cases, as

viable options to sovereign (or bank) guarantees.

In an effort to further expand its activities in the region,

The Ex-Im Bank has entered into Memoranda of

Understanding with the Slovenian Export Corporation and

the Hungarian Export-Import Bank aimed at jointly

financing projects involving exports from both the U.S. and

the respective countries. The Ex-Im Bank is also actively

marketing its new municipal lending (or subsovereign)

program in Southeast Europe. Two cities – Zagreb,

Croatia, and Sofia, Bulgaria – are rated by international

credit rating agencies, and qualify for support under this

program without a guarantee from the sovereign.

The Ex-Im Bank will be arranging several conferences in

the region and in the United States over the next year. On

October 29, 2001, The Ex-Im Bank’s chairman and

president, John E. Robson, will host the first in a series of

regional conferences. The conference will be held in

Dubrovnik, Croatia, at Hotel Croatia and is aimed at U.S.

companies interested in pursuing contracts and

investments in Southeast Europe. The conference will also

include presentations by the Foreign Commercial Service,

OPIC, and TDA representatives.

For more information on the Ex-Im Bank’s programs in

Southeast Europe and/or future conference information,

please contact:

Margaret Kostic

Director, Southeast Europe

The Export-Import Bank

Phone: (202) 565-3556

Fax: (202) 565-3628

e-mail: margaret.kostic@exim.gov
Central and Eastern Europe Commercial Update 3

Central and Eastern European

Commercial Update

The Central and Eastern European Commercial

Update is produced by the Central and Eastern Europe

Business Information Center (CEEBIC). For more

information or to subscribe contact CEEBIC at: phone

(202) 482-2645, fax (202) 482-3898, or e-mail

ceebic@ita.doc.gov.

Director: Jay Burgess

Associate Director: Jennifer Gothard

Editor: Michael Rogers

International Trade

Specialists: Andrea Lupo, Michael

Rogers, Silvia Savich

Webmaster: Gedlom Tesfazion

Intern: Nicholas Wheeler

Contributors: Jonathan Kimball, Laurie

Molnar, Melissa Wilson

Energy (Continued from page 1)

remaining 48 percent is generated by four coal burning

facilities.

The World Bank and other co-financiers, including the

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

(EBRD), the European Investment Bank (EIB), and the

United States Agency for International Development

(USAID), are planning to invest $231.1 million over the next

three years in reconstruction of the electric power sector of

Bosnia and Herzegovina

This multilateral effort is a continuation of the ongoing

energy reconstruction program and ensures access to

reliable, lower cost electricity, to be supplied with reduced

environmental and safety risks, and improved cost

recovery by suppliers. It is expected to be completed within

a three-year period from October 1, 2001, through

September 30, 2004. The beneficiaries of this effort are the

three electric power companies Elektroprivreda Bosnia and

Herzegovina (EPBiH), Elektroprivreda of the Croatian

Community of Herzeg-Bosnia (EPHZHB), and

Elektroprivreda Republika Srpska (EPRS), and the Joint

Power Coordination Center (ZEKC).

Bulgaria

Bulgaria’s power generating infrastructure is comprised of

nuclear, conventional, thermo-electric, and hydroelectric

facilities. Nuclear power accounts for 40 percent of

electricity. Conventional power generation is fueled mainly

by domestically produced coal. Under a comprehensive

reform plan, Bulgaria’s energy sector is now undergoing

reconstruction to be followed by privatization. The

adoption of the Energy and Energy Efficiency Act in July

1999 accelerated power sector reform by providing the

regulatory and legal framework for the market-based

development of energy sector.

Under that plan, the state-owned electric company, NEK,

has been divided into separate companies for generation,

transmission, and distribution prior to privatization. Electric

power price reform is underway and will be accompanied

by regulatory oversight. The State Agency for Energy and

Energy Sources will regulate prices until December 31,

2001. After that period, the new State Commission on

Energy Regulation will take over the monitoring of the

market and the issuance of operating licenses for

generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.

Moreover, there will be a second round of World Bank

loans for supply-side efficiency improvements.

Related energy legislation enacted with the Energy Act

requires heat allocators and thermostats to be installed on

radiators in residences. The legislation also allows for

independent heat providing agents to be hired by heat and

electricity providers to better measure heating and

electricity use and collect charges from residential and

business customers. Additionally, privatization of the

district heating substations is being considered, in order to

make it possible to effectively implement this new

approach to bill collection.

Croatia

The Ministry of Economy is the lead government agency

for developing and implementing Croatia’s energy policy

reform. The goal of the reform is to enable and regulate

competition according to European Union (EU) directives

and provides the basis for privatization of the Croatian

Electric Company, the Croatian Oil and Gas Company, and

the Adriatic Pipeline. The privatization process is expected

to begin sometime in 2002.

The liberalization of the electricity market, which is

scheduled to begin in 2002, will start with the largest

consumers (over 40 gwh/year). Major consumers will be

allowed to negotiate directly with suppliers. There are

about 15 such consumers in Croatia. Foreign companies

will be permitted to act as suppliers, providing that they are

registered and licensed for this business activity in Croatia.

It is expected that within the next few years, the 4O- gwh/

(Continued on page 5)
4 Central and Eastern Europe Commercial Update

Central and Eastern Europe Commercial Opportunities

Bulgaria

MMC Inc., a heating and air conditioning company

established 1990, has 22 employees and annual turnover of

approximately $855,000. In 2000, the company started

working on a project for building a nationwide network of

heating systems using solar energy. The equipment will be

installed in commercial and residential buildings. MMC is

seeking a U.S. supplier and/or investor. The total amount for

the investment is $200,000.

Contact: Mr. Boncho Bonev, Managing Director & CEO

MMC Inc.

2 N. Mihailovsky Street

9002 Varna, Bulgaria

Tel.: +359 (52) 257-000

Fax: +359 (52) 231-240

e-mail: b.bonev@mmc.bg

Submitted by Georgi Peev, CEEBIC trade specialist

Slovakia

Zvolenska Hydina is a private company with 420 employees

founded in 1997. The company processes and produces

poultry, poultry products, and other meat products. It plans

to increase its production and is interested in making

investments in a new technology for poultry processing and

in facilities for disposal of waste from production. The

company is seeking a joint venture partner and is also

interested in American technology and know-how.

Contact: Mr. Martin Krchnak

Head of Marketing Department

Zvolenska Hydina, s.r.o.

Lieskovska cesta 23

96 001 Zvolen

Slovakia

Tel: +421 (45) 536- 1629

Fax: +421 (45) 536 9277

INGAS is a private company with 45 employees. It has been

in business for 10 years and its main activity is pipeline

construction. These pipelines are used for the distribution

of water, heat, and gas. INGAS is planning to expand its

business activity to include the production of a wide range

of products made from iron sheets. These products will be

manufactured using laser technology. INGAS is seeking a

joint-venture partner or investor for this endeavor.

Contact: Mr. Jozef Ocvar

INGAS

Podnikatelska 8

040 17 Kosice

Slovakia

Tel: 421 (55) 678-8751

Fax: 421 (55) 678-8625

Dom Techniky ZSVTS is a limited liability corporation with

109 employees. Its provides logistic support for

conferences, exhibitions, and seminars. The company plans

to build an exhibition complex and is seeking a joint-venture

partner or an investor.

Contact: Mr. Igor Kozak

Director

Dom Techniky ZSVTS

Juzna trieda 2/A

040 01 Kosice

Slovakia

Tel: +421 (55) 678-5830

Fax: +421 (55) 678-4905

Submitted by Dusana Bartkova, CEEBIC trade specialist

CEEBIC Launches a New

 E-mail Publication

The Slovak Commercial

Quarterly

This free publication of the U.S. Department of

Commerce provides U.S. firms with the latest

commercial information and trade leads for the

Slovak market.

To subscribe, e-mail CEEBIC at

CEEBIC@ita.doc.gov.

To learn more about CEEBIC's other free e-mail

publications, the Southeast Europe Business Brief

and the Central Europe and Norther Tier

Business Brief, visit the publication section of

CEEBICnet at www.mac.doc.gov/eebic/

ceebic.html
Central and Eastern Europe Commercial Update 5

year-limit will be gradually reduced as market competition

develops and will ultimately disappear, allowing all

consumers to benefit from a free market.

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic has focused on diversifying its energy

resources. Reliance on coal has been declining in favor of

natural gas and nuclear energy. A new pipeline connection

to Germany and a long-term agreement with Norway to

supply natural gas greatly reduces the country’s

dependence on traditional energy suppliers in Russia and

the Newly Independent States. It is expected that the

government will now focus on the environmental aspects

of energy production to make it compliant with EU

regulations.

New energy legislation adopted in late 2000 outlines the

framework for the privatization of the Czech energy sector.

Under the current plan, full liberalization is not expected

until 2007. However, large consumers will be able to start

choosing suppliers in 2002.

Estonia

Estonia has sufficient resources to meet its current energy

needs. This includes abundant domestic fuel resources,

infrastructure for natural gas and liquid fuel imports, and a

well-developed national power system for the generation,

transmission, and distribution of electricity. Active oil

shale deposits amount to about 1,200 million tons and, at

current levels of consumption, are forecasted to last a

hundred years. Current production capacity of its oil shale

mines exceeds Estonia’s predicted domestic demand in the

coming decades.

The long-term electricity consumption forecast shows that

Estonia’s domestic consumption will remain moderate in

the near future, with a maximum of 2-3 percent annual

increase. Any expansion in the power market will be

through increased export, for which Estonia possesses the

technical capabilities. Powerful transmission lines linking

Estonia with Russia and Latvia make possible both

electricity export to, and transit through, these regions.

However, export to these countries has been limited due to

low demand in Latvia and Russia. In addition to Russia and

Latvia, Finland is among Estonia’s potential electric power

export markets due to the relatively low price of Estonian

electricity.

F.R. Yugoslavia

F.R. Yugoslavia has a current installed energy capacity of

10,410 megawatts. Coal-fired plants produce about 70

percent of the country’s electricity with the other 30

percent coming from hydro power. F.R.Yugoslavia has

nearly 13 billion tons of exploitable lignite reserves and

nearly 7,000 gigawatts of hydro potential. The country’s

primary infrastructure was largely neglected during the

1990s and existing plants are based on U.S. technology

from the 1950s. However, if these resources are properly

developed and managed, F.R. Yugoslavia could begin to

export electricity again as early as 2002–2003.

Two state-run companies, Elektroprivreda of Serbia (EPS)

and Elektroprivreda of Montenegro, carry out the majority

of F.R.Yugoslavia’s electricity generation and distribution.

However, the government recently announced plans to

privatize the power sector within the next two years.

Current prices are kept low by the Ministry of Trade, in

order to subsidize all parts of the economy, but an

agreement is in place to raise prices to cover increasing

costs and bring a reasonable profit to the sector. Recently,

the F.R.Yugoslav Investment/Trade Promotion Agencies

have outlined nine future energy sector projects including

the refurbishment of the Tesla Power Plant and a

preliminary study of the hydropower potential of the Tara

and Moraca rivers. The total value of the nine proposed

projects is estimated to be over $750 million. The complete

list of proposed projects is available on the Central and

Eastern Europe Business Information Center’s Web site at

www.mac.doc.gov/eebic.ceebic.html.

F.Y.R. Macedonia

At present, electricity services are provided by the stateowned F.Y.R. Macedonian electric company. A thermal

plant in Bitola supplies 70 percent of the country’s energy.

Other power-generating facilities include two additional

coal/oil thermo-power facilities and 15 hydropower

installations.

With the goal of entering the European Union, the F.Y.R.

Macedonian government has been working to restructure

and liberalize the country’s electricity market. Discussions

are currently underway on how best to achieve this goal.

Significant reform and privatization, however, is not

expected until after 2002.

Hungary

Hungary has a well-developed and largely privatized

energy system. In the power sector, a former monopoly, the

state-owned National Grid Company (MVM) is responsible

for the export, import, wholesaling, high voltage

transmission, and dispatching of electricity generated by

(Continued on page 6)

Energy (Continued from page 3)
6 Central and Eastern Europe Commercial Update

independent power plants and the state-owned Paks

Nuclear Power Plant. Six foreign-owned regional electric

utilities buy power from MVM and carry out retail activities

including billing.

In the oil and gas sector, the 25 percent state-owned

Hungarian Oil and Gas Company (MOL) has a monopoly

for gas and oil exploration, transmission, stockpiling, and

wholesale trade. Hungary is a massive importer of oil and

gas from Russia, while it is a net power exporter to

surrounding markets. The country’s major energy

resources for power generation are nuclear and

hydrocarbon fuels. Regional gas distribution companies

have also been privatized to mainly European strategic

investors.

The Hungarian Oil and Gas Co. (MOL), Hungary’s largest

company was privatized in several steps between 1994 –

1998, with the Hungarian State retaining a 25 percent stake.

In addition, the Hungarian government mandates retail gas

prices. MOL controls about 35 percent of the fuel retail

market and owns the majority of the pipeline and storage

infrastructure in Hungary. As part of its regional expansion

policy, in 2001 MOL bought a 36 percent share of the

Slovak oil and gas company, Slovnaft, with an option to

buy a majority stake at a later date.

In 2000, the Hungarian government decided to start

liberalizing the power and the gas markets in a step-by-step

process as Hungary draws nearer to the EU. As a first step,

in January 2002, the 15 biggest consumers of electricity will

be able to buy power from generators directly through

MVM as a transporter. Further steps of the envisaged 10-

year liberalization process are currently under discussion.

Latvia

The Latvian electricity market is dominated by the

integrated state monopoly, Latvenergo. A 1998 energy law

provided for the privatization of the state-owned company.

However, this process has not moved forward.

Lithuania

Lithuania’s electricity sector falls under the jurisdiction of

the Ministry of Economy. Lithuanian Energy operates all

major generating, transmission, and distribution assets

with the exception of two combined heat and power plants

in Vilnius and Kaunas. An energy law passed in May 2000

provides for the privatization of Lithuanian Energy.

Reforms will include the unbundling of generation,

transmission, and distribution services.

Poland

During the last 10 years, the electrical power sector in

Poland has been gradually liberalized. The electrical power

sector consists of three main systems. First, the power

generators, including system power plants, combined heat

and power plants, and local energy producers with a total

installed capacity of 34,255 megawatts. Second, the highvoltage transmission system operated by Polish Power Grid

Company (PPGC). Third, the distribution system consisting

of 33 electric distribution utilities and new companies

created according to the Energy Law.

The Energy Law of 1997 created the legal framework for

liberalization of the power sector and creation of a

competitive energy market. The key provisions of the 1997

law included a solid legal framework, defining the rights

and duties of producers, distributors, and users of energy,

and the establishment of an independent regulatory entity

(URE) responsible for granting licenses, approving tariffs

and ensuring competition within the energy sector. The law

also introduced third party access (TPA) of enterprises to

energy distribution grids, provided that third parties

produce energy domestically and meet contractual and

governmental obligations. Full liberalization of Polish

electrical power market is expected by 2005.

Romania

Romania’s energy policy has been an important component

of the reform measures passed during the past decade.

Two main categories of enterprises function in the energy

sector: the Regies Autonomes (RAs) for the production

and supply of energy products, and the Commercial

Companies (CCs) that ensure support services and other

activities. The Regies Autonomes are state holding

companies operating in strategic sectors, such as electric

power, oil, natural gas, lignite, and coal. The CCs are joint

stock enterprises established under the commercial law.

The World Bank, EBRD, the European Investment Bank

(EIB), and USAID are financing a $363.9 million power

sector reform project aimed at meeting the demand for

electricity by rehabilitating thermal generation capacity.

This will be accomplished by financing the transfer of

equipment, services, and technical assistance. In addition

the Romanian Ministry of Industry and Resources has

published a list of projects for potential foreign investors,

including a $500 million investment for the completion of

the Cernavoda 2 nuclear reactor and a $35 million project

Energy (Continued from page 5)
Central and Eastern Europe Commercial Update 7

Calendar of Events

November

11/ 2 – 11/ 4 The 2001 Eighth

Annual CIS and Eastern Europe

Business Forum Focusing on

Success in the CIS and Eastern Europe, University of

Arizona, McClleland Hall. Tucson, Arizona

Contact: tel. (520) 626-4007 or e-mail roza@dakotacom.net

11/22 – 11/23 Romanian Interntional Oil, Gas, and Energy

Conference and Showcase (RIOGE 2001), Bucharest,

Romania.

Contact: Barbu Popescu, tel. +40 (1) 313-6434 or e-mail

iter@sx.ro

list of potential projects is available on the Central and

Eastern Europe Business Information Center’s Web site at

www.mac.doc.gov/eebic.ceebic.html.

Slovakia

Slovakia is a strategic transit country for Russian gas to

the European Union. In 2000 the Slovak government began

to institute market reform. Market liberalization is a key

component of Slovakia’s accession negotiations with the

European Union. As a result, the government has taken

steps to establish an independent regulatory body and

privatize the country’s power company, gas company, and

gas pipeline.

Slovenia

Slovenia’s European Union aspirations have resulted in

progress toward a more open economy in many sectors,

including electricity. Slovenia is working on solving

bilateral issues with Croatia including the Krsko nuclear

power plant, which supplies energy for both countries.

The agreement with Croatia over Krsko will reduce

Slovenia’s electricity supply significantly, forcing the

government of Slovenia to further liberalize the electricity

market to allow trading companies to import electricity.

The government also consolidated hydroelectric, steam

power plants, and coal mines into the new holding

Slovenske Elektrarne, of which the government owns 79.5

percent. These moves will present opportunities for U.S.

energy trading firms, but reduce competition in power

generation in the medium term.

U.S. Government Assistance for U.S. Firms

The U.S. Department of Commerce has a number of

resources for U.S. companies interested in Central and

Eastern Europe’s energy sector. The Central and Eastern

Europe Business Information Center (CEEBIC) is available

to assist U.S. firms interested in pursuing opportunities in

Central and Eastern Europe. To contact CEEBIC, call (202)

482-2645, fax (202) 482-3898, e-mail ceebic@ita.doc.gov, or

the World Wide Web at www.mac.doc.gov/

eebic.ceebic.html. Firms may also wish to contact the

Department of Commerce’s Trade Development Office of

Energy at (202) 482-4436 or fax (202) 482-0170 or the U.S.

Commercial Service abroad. A complete list of Commercial

Service offices in Central and Eastern Europe is available

on the Internet at www.usatrade.gov.

Energy (Continued from page 6)

for the development hydropower resources. A complete

This notice is provided solely as an informational resource and

does not constitute U.S. Department of Commerce endorsement of

these events. All information published in the Commercial Update

regarding trade events is subject to change without notice by the

organizers of those events.

For a more complete list of events, go to CEEBICnet,

www.mac.doc.gov/eebic/ceebic.html.

CEEBICnet

YOUR ON-LINE RESOURCE FOR

BUSINESS IN CENTRAL

AND EASTERN EUROPE

www.mac.doc.gov/eebic/ceebic.html
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CEEBIC and the Commercial Service are Available to Assist U.S. Companies

Estonia

Reene Sepp, CEEBIC Trade Specialist

U.S. Embassy Tallinn

Kentmanni 20, Tallinn

Tel: +372 (6) 312-021

Fax: +372(6) 312-025

FYR Macedonia

Arben Gega, CEEBIC Trade Specialist

U.S. Embassy Skopje

Bu. Ilinden bb 9100, Skopje

Tel: +389 (91) 116-180

Fax: +389 (91) 117-103

Hungary

Scott Bozek, Senior Commercial Officer

U.S. Embassy Budapest

Szabadsag ter 12, 1054 Budapest

Tel: +36 (1) 475-4282

Fax +36 (1) 475-4676

Kosovo ("FRY")

Luan Dalipi, CEEBIC Trade Specialist

U.S. Office Pristina

9520 Pristina Place, Pristina

Tel: +381 (38) 549-516

Fax: +381 (38) 549-890

Latvia

Aldis Celms, CEEBIC Trade Specialist

U.S. Embassy Riga

Raina Blvd. 7, Riga

Tel: +371 703-6200

Fax: +371 782-0047

Albania

Omer Dashi, CEEBIC Trade Specialist

U.S. Embassy Tirana

Riugahabinot 103, Tirana

Tel: +355 (42) 47-285 or 286

Fax: +355 (42) 32-222

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Edin Fetahovic, CEEBIC Trade Specialist

U.S. Embassy Sarajevo

43 Ul. Dure Dakovica

Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Tel: +387 (71) 665-851

Fax: +387 (71) 665-836

Bulgaria

Georgi Peev, CEEBIC Trade Specialist

U.S. Embassy Sofia

NDK Administrative Building 5th Floor

1 Bulgaria Square

1414 Sofia, Bulgaria

Tel: +359 (2) 963-4062

Fax: +359 (2) 980-6850

Croatia

Beryl Blecher, Senior Commerical Officer

U.S. Embassy Zagreb

Andrije Hebranga 2, Zagreb

Tel: +385 (1) 461-0777

Fax: +385 (1) 455-3126

Czech Republic

Richard Steffens, Senior Commercial Officer

U.S. Embassy Prague

Trziste 15

118 01 Prague 1

Tel: +420 (2) 5753-1162

Fax: +420 (2) 5753-1165

Lithuania

Jonas Vasilevicius,CEEBIC Trade Specialist

America Center

Pranciskonu str. 3/6, 2001 Vilnius

Tel: +370 (2) 223-31 ext. 149

Fas: +370 (2) 222-779

Poland

David Fulton, Senior Commercial Officer

U.S. Embassy Warsaw

Al. Jerozolimskie 56/C, 00-803 Warsaw

Tel: +48 (22) 625-4374

Fax: +48 (22) 621-6327

Romania

Jonathan Marks, Senior Commerical Officer

U.S. Embassy Bucharest

Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Bucharest

Tel: +40 (1) 210-4042

Fax +40 (1) 210-0690

Slovakia

Dusana Bartkova, CEEBIC Trade Specialist

U.S. Embassy Bratislava

Grosslingova 35, 811 09 Bratislava

Tel: +421(2) 5296-1079

Fax: +421(2) 5296-1085

Slovenia

Marko Mlakar, CEEBIC Trade Specialist

U.S. Embassy Ljubjana

Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Tel: +386 (61) 200-5500

Fax: +386 (61) 200-5555