**NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Electric Vehicles at Rail Stations**  **RACM Analysis**

Michael Baker Jr., Inc. Page 1 **Control Measure:** The project evaluates the impact of placing electric vehicles at transit stations to provide commuters with a way to travel from the stations to job locations nearby. The electric vehicle wo uld also be used by the commuter to make midda y trips before retuning the vehicle to the station at the end of the day. **Description:** Wh ile NJ Transit has a number of suburban rail stations, employment tends to be some distance from these rail stations. Unable to easily complete this “last mile” of t heir journey, potential transit users instead use private vehicles to make their entire journey. One proposed solution to this “last mile” issue is to place electric vehicles at transit stations, allowing commuters to use them to travel the last leg of th eir journey to work. The advantage of this approach is that not only is the short distance trip from the station to the workplace replaced with a low
- polluting mode, but the commuter’s entire journey from home is now a combination of transit and electric vehicle, displacing a more significant amount of VMT than the mileage of the electric vehicles would indicate. Also, since the commuter would be in possession of the vehicle during the day, any midday trips for lunch or for shopping would be by the electr ic vehicle rather than a traditionally fueled vehicle. This would further enhance the benefits of the program. **Methodology :**  The impacts of this program were estimated using assumptions about the trips to the region and usage of the vehicle during the da y . The NJAQONE “Emissions Only” methodology was used to ca lculate the air quality impacts of the vehicl es. Calculations were done as though all vehicles were located in Middlesex County. Traffic impacts are based on the assumption that each vehicle in t he program replaces a single auto commuter trip. The transit portion of the new trip is assumed to use existing services such that no additional transit emissions would occur. The transportation/t raffic impacts of the program were calculated as follows:**NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Electric Vehicles at Rail Stations**  **RACM Analysis**

Michael Baker Jr., Inc. Page 2 Average Wo rkT rip Length 12.15

Return W ork Trip 12.15 Midday Return Trip 4 (For Lunch, Shopping, Etc) 28.3 VMT reduced Number of vehicles in the

program: X 10

283 VMT reduced (total) Number of trips reduced ( 2 x 10) 2 0 Vehicle Trips reduc ed/day These transportation impacts were then entered into the NJAQONE software in order to calculate the emissions impacts of the program. Note, the impacts of this project were so small that the project was entered into NJ
-AQONE as 10,000 vehicles and the results divided by 1,000 to yield the actual impact. **Results: Ty pical Summer Day**  **/A nnual Emissions**  Total VT Reduced = **20** trips/day Statewide Total VMT Reduced = **283** miles/day Statewide **Statewide Benefits (Emission Reductions Due to Reduced Queuing)**  **:**

**Pollutant Ty**  **pe An**  **aly sis Year 2009** 

Tons/Day Tons/Year **VOC** 0.0001 5
- **NOx** 0.0001 5 0 .0398 **PM2.5**
- 0. 00113 **SO 2**  - 0.00 069 **Ozone A naly** **sis –**  **Daily Benefits in New** **Jersey**
**Benefits (Reductions)**  **Ozone Non -** **At tainment A**  **rea**

**New York -**  **N. New Jersey**  **- Long Isl**  **and, NY**  **- NJ**  **- CT**  **Philadelphia**  

** Wilmin** **gton -** **Atlantic City PA** **- NJ**  **- MD**  **- DE**  **VT** 20
- **VMT** 283
- **VOC (Tons/Day )**  0.00 01 5
- **NOx (Tons/Day** **)** 0.00 01 5
-**NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Electric Vehicles at Rail Stations**  **RACM Analysis**

Michael Baker Jr., Inc. Page 3 **PM2.5 A naly** **sis –**  **An nual Benefits**  **in New Jersey**

**Benefits (Reductions)**  **PM 2.5**  **Non -** **At tainment A**  **rea**

**New York -**  **N. New Je**  **rsey -**  **Long Island, NY**  **- NJ**  **- CT**  **Philadelphia**   ** Wilmin** **gton PA** **- NJ**  **- DE**  **VT** 5,000
- **VMT** 70,750
- **NOx (Tons/Year)** 0.0 398
- **PM2.5 (Tons/Year)** 0.00 1 13
- **SO 2**  **(Tons/Year)** 0.00 069
- **Cost/Benefit A naly** **sis** Total costs were estimated as follows: Vehicle cost estimated for $16,000 for a base, sub

- compact vehicle + $16,000 to convert to electric. $ 32 ,000 */Car

– spread over 4 years = $8 ,000/year $ 7,500 /Car/Year Operating Expenses Cost Per Year: $15,5 00 x 10 vehicles = $15 5 ,000 /year Annual costs were divided by 250 to ob tain the daily cost used in calculating the Ozone cost/benefit ratios **Cost/Benefit Results**

**Pollutant Benefits**  **Cost/Benefit for Each Pollutant Ozone**  **PM 2.5 NY**  **- NJ**  **- CT**  **PA -**  **NJ -**  **DE -**  **MD NY**  **- NJ**  **- CT**  **PA -**  **NJ -**  **DE VOC ($/Ton, Daily** **)** $4,133,333

- - - **NOx ($/Ton, Daily )**  $4,133,333

- - - **NOx ($/Ton, A nnual)** 
- - $3,894,472

- **PM2.5 ($/Ton, A nnual)** 
- - $137,168,142

- **SO2 ($/Ton, A nnual)** 
- - $224,637,681

-