San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District December 20, 2012

Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

Chapter 10

Summary of 

Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan

SJVUAPCD
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District December 20, 2012

Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

This page intentionally blank.
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District December 20, 2012

10-1 Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

This 2012 PM2.5 Plan presents sound science and extensive analysis to determine 

which strategies would help the Valley to expeditiously attain EPA’s 2006 PM2.5 

standard. This 2012 PM2.5 Plan also presents the District’s comprehensive evaluation 

of opportunities to reduce emissions of PM2.5 and its precursors in the Valley. This 

chapter summarizes the District’s resulting multi-faceted control strategy, which will 

generate continuous air quality improvements Valley-wide and attainment of EPA’s 

2006 PM2.5 standard in all areas of the Valley in 2019. 

Public health has been the number one priority throughout this effort. Toward that end, 

this chapter also discusses the public health benefits that will be achieved through 

implementation of this plan’s attainment strategy. 

10.1 SUMMARY OF 2012 PM2.5 PLAN CONTROL STRATEGY

The District’s multi-faceted control strategy includes traditional regulatory control 

measures as well as innovative incentive programs, technology demonstration projects, 

further study measures, outreach, policy initiatives and more. This plan’s strategy is

presented in Chapters 5 through 8 and summarized in Tables 10-1 through 10-4. 

This section intentionally blank. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District December 20, 2012

10-2 Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

Table 10-1 District Regulations Contributing to Continued PM2.5 Improvement 

Adopted District Regulatory Control Measures

Date Adopted/ 

Last Amended 

Rule 4103 Open Burning 04/15/2010

Rule 4106 Prescribed Burning and Hazard Reduction Burning 1/21/2001

Rule 4204 Cotton Gins 2/17/2005

Rule 4307 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 2 to 5 MMBtu/hr 05/19/2011

Rule 4308 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 0.075 to <2 MMBtu/hr 12/17/2009

Rule 4309 Dryers, Dehydrators, and Ovens 12/15/2005

Rule 4311 Flares 06/18/2009

Rules 4306 & 4320 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters >5 MMBtu/hr 10/16/2008

Rule 4352 Solid Fuel Fired Boilers, Steam Generators and Process Heaters 12/15/2011

Rule 4354 Glass Melting Furnaces 05/19/2011

Rule 4550 Conservation Management Practices 08/19/2004

Rule 4692 Commercial Charbroiling 09/17/2009

Rule 4702 Internal Combustion Engines 08/18/2011

Rule 4703 Stationary Gas Turbines 09/20/2007

Rule 4901 Wood Burning Fireplaces and Wood Burning Heaters 10/16/2008

Rule 4902 Residential Water Heaters 03/19/2009

Rule 4905 Natural Gas-Fired, Fan-Type Residential Central Furnaces 10/20/2005

Regulation VIII Rules Fugitive PM10 Prohibitions 08/19/2004

Rule 9310 School Bus Fleets 09/21/2006

Rule 9410 Employer-based Trip Reduction 12/17/2009

Rule 9510 Indirect Source Review 12/12/2005

Table 10-2 ARB Regulations Contributing to Continued PM2.5 Improvement

Adopted ARB Regulations Date Adopted

Advanced Clean Car Program 1/27/2012

Expanded Off-Road Recreational Vehicle Emission Standards 12/16/2011

Cleaner In-Use Off-Road Equipment 12/17/2010

Port Truck Modernization 12/17/2010

Cleaner In-Use Heavy-Duty Trucks 12/16/2010

Accelerated Introduction of Cleaner Line-Haul Locomotives 06/24/2010

Enhanced Fleet Modernization Program (formerly called the Expanded Vehicle Retirement 

Program) 06/24/2010
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District December 20, 2012

10-3 Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

Adopted ARB Regulations Date Adopted

Smog Check Improvements 08/31/2009

Portable Outboard Marine Tanks 09/25/2008

Clean Up Existing Harbor Craft 11/15/2007

Voluntary Accelerated Retirement Regulation 12/07/2006

Emergency Regulation for Portable Equipment Registration Program, Airborne Toxic 

Control Measures and Portable and Stationary diesel-Fueled Engines 12/06/2006

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary Compression Ignition Engines (Agricultural 

Eng. Exemption removal) 11/16/2006

Distributed Generation Guidelines and Regulations 10/19/2006

Zero Emission Bus Regulation 10/19/2006

Heavy-Duty In-Use Compliance Regulation 09/28/2006

On-Board Diagnostic II 09/28/2006

Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles and Engines 07/20/2006

California Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule 06/22/2006

Portable Equipment Registration Program 06/22/2006

Fork Lifts and Other Industrial Equipment (Large Off-Road Spark Ignition Engines > 1 liter) 05/26/2006

Technical Amendments to Evaporative Exhaust and Evaporative Emissions Test 

Procedures 05/25/2006

Diesel Verification Procedure, Warranty & In-Use 03/23/2006

AB1009 Heavy-Duty Vehicle Smoke Inspection Program 01/26/2006

Diesel Particulate Matter Control Measure for On-Road Heavy-Duty Diesel-Fueled 

Vehicles Owned or Operated by Public Agencies and Utilities 12/08/2005

Mobile Cargo Handling Equipment at Ports and Intermodal Rail Yards 12/08/2005

Marine Inboard Sterndrive Engines 11/17/2005

Requirements to Reduce Idling Emissions from New and In-Use Trucks, Beginning in 2008 10/20/2005

2007-2009 Model-Year Heavy Duty Urban Bus Engines and the Fleet Rule for Transit 

Agencies 09/15/2005

Portable Fuel Containers (PFC) [Part 1 of 2] 09/15/2005

Portable Fuel Containers (PFC) [Part 2 of 2] 09/15/2005

On-Board Diagnostic System Requirements for 2010 and Subsequent Model-Year HeavyDuty Engines (HD OBD) 07/21/2005

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary Compression Ignition Engines amendments 05/26/2005

Transit Fleet Rule 02/24/2005

Off-Road Compression Ignition Engines 12/09/2004

Emergency Regulation for Temporary Delay of Diesel Fuel Lubricity Standard 11/24/2004

Diesel Fuel Standards for Harbor Craft & Locomotives 11/18/2004

Greenhouse Gas 09/23/2004
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District December 20, 2012

10-4 Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

Adopted ARB Regulations Date Adopted

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel Particulate from Diesel Fueled Commercial 

Vehicle Idling 07/22/2004

Urban Bus Engines/Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies 06/24/2004

Engine Manufacturer Diagnostic System Requirements for 2007 and Subsequent Model 

Heavy Duty Engines 05/20/2004

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine-Chip Reflash 03/27/2004

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel-Fueled Portable Engines 02/26/2004

Modifications to the Statewide Portable Equipment Registration Program (PERP) 

Regulations 02/26/2004

CA Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule 01/22/2004

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel Particulate for Transport Refrigeration Units 12/11/2003

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary Compression Ignition Engines 12/11/2003

Diesel Retrofit Verification Procedure, Warranty and In-Use Compliance Requirements 

Amendments 12/11/2003

Small Off-Road Engines (SORE) 09/25/2003

Solid Waste Collection Vehicles 09/24/2003

Off-Highway Recreation Vehicles 07/24/2003

Specifications for Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel 07/24/2003

Zero Emission Vehicle Amendments for 2003 03/25/2003

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel Particulate from School Bus Idling 12/12/2002

Low Emission Vehicles II. Align Heavy Duty Gas Engine Standards with Federal 

Standards; minor administrative changes 12/12/2002

Revision to Transit Bus Regulations Amendments 10/24/2002

Diesel Retrofit Verification Procedure, Warranty and In-Use Compliance Requirements 05/16/2002

On-Board Diagnostic II Review Amendments 04/25/2002

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Outdoor Residential Waste Burning 02/21/2002

Voluntary Accelerated Light Duty Vehicle Retirement Regulations 02/21/2002

California Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule 12/13/2001

Distributed Generation Guidelines and Regulations 11/15/2001

Low Emission Vehicle Regulations 11/15/2001

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Standards for 2007 and Later 10/25/2001

Marine Inboard Engines 7/26/2001

Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure and Standardization of Electric Vehicle Charging 

Equipment 06/28/2001

Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation Update 01/25/2001

Heavy Duty Diesel Engines "Not-to-Exceed (NTE)" Test Procedures 12/07/2000

Light-and Medium Duty Low Emission Vehicle Alignment with Federal Standards. Exhaust 

Emission Standards for Heavy Duty Gas Engines 12/07/2000
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District December 20, 2012

10-5 Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

Adopted ARB Regulations Date Adopted

Air Toxic Control Measure for Chlorinated Toxic Air Contaminants from Automotive 

Maintenance and Repair Facilities 04/27/2000

Transit Bus Standards 02/24/2000

Off-Road Compression Ignition Engines 01/27/2000

Table 10-3 New District Regulatory Control Measures 

New District Regulatory Control Measures Implementation 

Date

Adopt new Rule 9610 (SIP-Creditability of Incentives): This will provide the District with a 

mechanism to claim SIP credit for emissions reductions through certain incentive 

programs. 

2013

Amend Rule 4308 (Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 0.075 to <2 

MMBtu/hr) 2015

Amend Rule 4905 (Natural Gas-fired, Fan-type Residential Central Furnaces) 2015

Amend Rule 4901 (Wood Burning Fireplaces and Wood Burning Heaters) to lower the 

burning curtailment level to prevent PM2.5 buildup that may lead to a potential exceedance 

day. 

2016/2017

Amend Rule 4692 (Commercial Charbroiling) to reduce under-fired charbroiler emissions. 2017

This section intentionally blank. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District December 20, 2012

10-6 Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

Table 10-4 District Non-Regulatory Control Measure Strategy Summary

Further Study Measures and Research

Study 

Completion 

Date

Rule 4103 (Open Burning): Evaluate the feasibility of postponed burning activities every 5 

years, as outlined in current rule. 2015

Rule 4106 (Prescribed Burning): Examine feasibility of a biomass removal program. 2013

Rule 4311 (Flares): Review flare minimization plans and annual reports for further 

emissions reductions opportunities. 2013

Rule 4550 (Conservation Management Plans): Analyze existing studies and support new 

studies to establish a more accurate inventory of PM2.5 emissions and identify potential 

additional emission reduction opportunities. 

2014

Rule 4570 (Confined Animal Facilities): Analyze existing studies on ammonia at confined 

animal facilities and evaluate potential ammonia controls for their effectiveness in reducing 

PM2.5 concentrations in the Valley. 

2017

SC 001 (Lawn Care Equipment): Emissions inventory evaluation and technology 

demonstration. 2013

SC 005 (Asphalt/Concrete Operations): Examine feasibility of warm mix asphalt. 2013

Ongoing Study and Research. Conduct and support going research that continues to 

enhance the District’s understanding of PM2.5 concentrations and formation, including 

further health research in support of the District’s Risk-Based Strategy.

Ongoing

Potential New Incentive Measures Implementation 

Date

Ongoing Enhancements. Continue to seek additional funding to implement incentive 

programs and continue to support existing incentive programs for mobile sources, as 

appropriate. 

Ongoing

Kern County Focused Incentives. The District will consider opportunities to target 

incentive reductions in Kern County to expedite attainment of the 24-hour federal PM2.5 

standard.

Ongoing

Charbroilers. Develop new incentive program to assist in the deployment of new 

technologies upon their development and commercial availability. Ongoing

Internal Combustion Engines. Consider funding new programs to further promote 

replacement of agricultural internal combustion engines with electric motors, including but 

not limited to providing additional incentives for the high cost associated with utility line 

extensions to remove irrigation pump installations. 

Ongoing

Lawn Care. Continue to evaluate commercial lawn care technologies through the Cordless 

Zero-Emission Commercial Lawn and Garden Equipment Demonstration Program; once 

new technologies are verified as viable for the Valley, develop on-going incentive programs 

to encourage use of these new technologies; consider expanding the Clean Green Yard 

Machine program to include other eligible types of yard care equipment, including low- or 

zero-emission equipment. 

Ongoing

Energy Efficiency. Continue to foster and incentivize programs, as appropriate, consistent 

with the District Regional Energy Efficiency Strategy; including but not limited to continued 

support of the use of state Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant funds, the 

funding of pilot programs to assess and analyze sources to determine the potential to 

operate more efficiently, and funding outreach program showing government and service 

organizations the benefits of “going green”. 

Ongoing

Fireworks. Continue the incentive program for municipal laser-light shows to replace 

fireworks displays and to seek partners and consider sponsoring shows combining a small 

amount of fireworks with an otherwise predominantly laser driven show. 

Ongoing 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District December 20, 2012

10-7 Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

Construction Equipment Replacement. Consider providing incentives for construction 

fleets to replace their heavy-duty off-road equipment sooner than required by the State’s 

In-Use Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Regulation.

Ongoing 

Refuse Vehicle Replacement Program. Consider providing incentives for the 

replacement of older refuse trucks, with a particular emphasis in Environmental Justice 

and other vulnerable communities. 

Ongoing 

Technology Advancement Implementation 

Date 

Technology Advancement Program. Continue to seek additional funding and potential 

feasible and low-cost technologies that may provide for additional emission reduction 

opportunities in the Valley. 

Ongoing

Kern County Focused Demonstration. The District will consider opportunities to target 

technology demonstration efforts in Kern County to expedite attainment of the 24-hour 

federal PM2.5 standard.

Ongoing

Conservation Management Practices. Commit to continue to look for opportunities to 

develop better CMPs through the current TAP and AgTech. Ongoing 

Charbroiling. Continue to offer funding and seek parties to participate in the District ChIP 

program. 

Ongoing

Lawn Care. Continue the current Cordless Zero-Emission Commercial Lawn and Garden 

Equipment Demonstration Program. Ongoing

Energy Efficiency. Continue to pursue technology advancement projects that may result 

in further emission reductions through energy efficiency. Ongoing

Legislative Strategy Implementation 

Date

Legislative Platform. Continued support for the following: viability of biomass facilities as 

an alternative to open burning, cleaner burning alternative fuels, the removal of 

contradictory environmental protection policies, additional resources to manage wildfires, 

and legislative measures to provide reliable water supplies to the Valley, and additional 

state and federal funding for incentive programs. 

Ongoing

Fireworks. Take a policy stance opposing any expansion of fireworks use in the Valley, 

particularly if it occurs in winter months. Ongoing

Community Outreach/Assistance Implementation 

Date 

Public Outreach and Education. Continue existing public outreach and education efforts 

and expand these efforts as opportunities become available. Ongoing 

Compliance Assistance. The District currently provides a robust education and outreach 

program for regulated sources through the Small Business Assistance program, Permit 

Stakeholder Meetings, Compliance Assistance Bulletins, and public notices for public 

workshops and public hearings. The District will continue to work closely with affected 

sources to ensure successful compliance. 

Ongoing

Conservation Management Practices. Incorporate new information from research 

studies into education and outreach efforts as appropriate. Ongoing 

Energy Efficiency. Continue existing education and outreach efforts for energy efficiency 

programs in the Valley and expand these efforts when appropriate. Ongoing

Fireworks. Continue current education and outreach efforts regarding safety hazards of 

fireworks. Partner with local fire and police departments for outreach efforts when 

appropriate, and consider sponsoring a technology demonstration of lasers at a pre-July 

4

th public event to showcase the laser technology and improve public acceptance of 

reducing use of fireworks in the Valley. 

Ongoing
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District December 20, 2012

10-8 Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

10.2 Population in Attainment through Implementation of Strategy

Attaining EPA’s health-based standards is an important milestone for improving public 

health. Through the strategy outlined in this plan, the Valley as a whole, based on Kern 

County, will attain the federal 24-hour PM2.5 standard in 2019. However, while ultimate 

attainment under the federal Clean Air Act is determined through a worst-case approach 

that considers the last portion of the Valley that reaches attainment, it is important to 

also evaluate progress made towards attaining the standard throughout the Valley 

regions and population. As discussed in Appendix A, there are a variety of metrics for 

evaluating air quality progress. Even where areas have not yet attained the standard, 

there will be continuous air quality improvements. 

To take a closer look at the Valley’s journey to attaining the federal standard, the District 

has projected air quality progress throughout the Valley as the 2012 PM2.5 Plan is 

implemented. Using projected 2019 emissions and modeled design values; 2007 

emissions and actual design values; and emissions inventory trends between 2007 and 

2019,. As illustrated by Figure 10-1, the majority of the Valley will reach attainment 

earlier than 2019, with 53% of the Valley’s population experiencing PM2.5 

concentrations below the federal standard by 2014, and 94% of the population by 2017. 

Figure 10-2 further illustrates the significant progress made throughout the Valley in 

achieving PM2.5 concentrations below the standard by mapping Valley monitoring sites, 

and showing their expected attainment status and progress toward attainment in 2011, 

2014, 2017, and 2019. 

Figure 10-1 Valley Residents with PM2.5 Concentrations below the Federal 24-

hour PM2.5 standard

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

% of Valley Residents in 

Areas that have Reached 

Attainment 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District December 20, 2012

10-9 Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

Figure 10-2: Modeled PM2.5 Attainment Status by Monitoring Site

 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District December 20, 2012

10-10 Chapter 10: Summary of Attainment Strategy

2012 PM2.5 Plan 

10.3 HEALTH BENEFITS OF ATTAINMENT UNDER THE PLAN 

Attaining the PM2.5 standard will improve public health by lowering the number of cases 

of certain diseases and other health impairments. The District used an EPA model 

(BenMAP) to estimate the number of avoided cases of various health endpoints 

expected to result due to reduced PM2.5 exposure resulting from plan implementation 

and attainment in 2019 (as described in Chapter 2 (section 2.5) and Appendix E). The 

results of this analysis are summarized in Table 10-5. Through the associated 

economic analysis, the District estimates that plan implementation will achieve an 

annual Valley-wide savings of $102 million in health costs starting in 2019 (not including 

the costs or social value of premature death). See Appendix E for more information. 

Table 10-5 Health Benefits Achieved Through Implementation of the Plan

Health Impact Health Benefit 

(reduction in health impact) 

Premature Death 671

Acute Myocardial Infarction, Hospital Admissions 93

Asthma Age 0-19, Hospital Admissions 131

Cardiovascular, Hospital Admissions 175

Asthma Age 20-99, Hospital Admissions 246

Asthma Age 20-99, Emergency Room Visits 407

Asthma Age 0-19, Emergency Room Visits 699

Acute Bronchitis 1,498

Upper Respiratory Symptoms 15,523

Lower Respiratory Symptoms 19,011

Asthma Exacerbation 114,376

Work Loss Days 125,138