# Arbovirus Surveillance and Mosquito Control in Idaho

Guidance for Counties

Version 10.3

Print Date: 3/14/2003

### Table of Contents

Mosquito Abatement

A. Mosquito facts and mosquito control myths...................................3A–1

B. Idaho abatement district list and map.............................................3B–1

C. Idaho statutes regarding the formation and operation of a mosquito abatement district.........................................................3C–1

39-2801. AUTHORIZATION TO FORM ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2802. PROCEDURES FOR FORMATION OF ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2803. SELECTION OF OFFICIALS OF ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2804. POWERS AND DUTIES OF ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2805. METHOD OF FINANCING ABATEMENT DIST RICTS 39-2806. ANNEXATION TO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2807. CONSOLIDATION OF ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2808. EXISTING R IGHTS PRESERVED 39-2809. SHORT TITLE 39-2810. WITHDRAWAL 39-2811. HEARING OF PETITION FOR WITHDRAWAL

25-2601-2613 series: AGRICULTURAL PEST STATUTES discussed D. General legal principles of mosquito abatement in Idaho ..............3D–1

E. Model standard operating procedures for mosquito abatement districts in Idaho............................................................3E–1

F. Model arbovirus surveillance and response guide for mosquito abatement districts in Idaho............................................................3F–1

G. Estimated start-up and operational costs for mosquito abatement districts..........................................................................3G–1

H. Special considerations for pesticide application and other control methods..............................................................3H–1

I. Frequently asked questions from areas lacking an abatement district........................................................................3I–1

4. Appendices

A. Glossary of terms............................................................................ 4A–1

B. Agency contacts..............................................................................4B–1C. DEQ aquatic pesticide application rule...........................................4C–1

D. Larvicides and safety issues...........................................................4D–1

E. Adulticides and safety issues..........................................................4E–1

F. Training required prior to pesticide application .............................. 4F–1

G. Example of an existing abatement district operational plan:..........4G–1 The Canyon County Mosquito Abatement District Emergency Plan

### Mosquito Abatement

A. Mosquito facts and mosquito control myths

B. Idaho abatement district list and map

C. Idaho statutes regarding the formation and operation of an abatement district

D. General legal principles of mosquito abatement in Idaho

E. Model standard operating pr ocedures for mosquito abatement districts

F. Model arbovirus survei llance and response guide for mosquito abatement districts

G. Estimated start-up costs

H. Special considerations for pesticide application and other control methods

I. Frequently asked questions from areas lacking an abatement district

### A. Mosquito facts and mosquito control myths

I. Mosquito facts

• Mosquito abatement progr ams are necessary because mosquito bites: may cause — Mosquito-borne diseases Allergic reactions Annoyance

reduce —
Human productivity due to health issues Outdoor enjoyment and recreation Real estate and tourism revenues Weight gain in livestock Milk production in dairy cattle Livestock reproduction and survival Wildlife populations

 There are approximately 3,000 diffe rent species of mosquitoes throughout the world, of which 170 to 200 species occur in the United States. Approximately 25-30 s pecies are found in Idaho.  Mosquitoes need a standing water s ource to develop. Any standing water source such as a marsh, pond, creek, or lake, ditch, canal, storm water retention pond, flooded fiel d, uncovered boat, discarded tire, swimming pool, or birdbath will a llow mosquitoes to breed.  Female mosquitoes bite because a blood meal is required for egg production. Only female mosquitoes bite.  Female mosquitoes can take multiple blood meals and produce multiple generations during a single mosquito season. Under optimal conditions, a female Culex mosquito will lay 200 to 400 eggs every three days.  Most eggs hatch into mosqui to larvae within 24 - 48 hours.  Only one male is required to fert ilize a lifetime of egg production in the female.  Mosquitoes generally live one to two months. Culex species may over winter and survive for up to a year.  Mosquitoes often fly fifteen or more miles in a single night. II. Mosquito control myths (con trol options that don't seem effective)  Sound and electric devices — these have no repellency effects and units are sold with no docum ented test results.  Citronella (plants and candles) — there is no data to support the claim that citronella is a good mosqui to repellant; its pleasant odor does not guarantee results. Skin moisturizing oil — field tests do not support claims that certain skin oils will repel mosquitoes. Mosqui toes are 30 times more sensitive to DEET than to skin moisturizers.  Bug zappers — mosquitoes actually comp rise less than 5% of the total bug zapper catch. The zappers kill many beneficial insects and tend to attract more insects than they kill.  Birds — ornithologists state that purple martins and other swallowlike birds do not prefer mosquitoes and that mosquitoes make up less than 3% of their diets.  Bats — insectivorous bat diets consist mainly of beetles, wasps, ants, flies, stoneflies, mayflies, moths and grasshoppers. Mosquitoes make up less than 1% of their diet. Location of bat houses should also take into consideration that bats some times carry rabies. Separation of bat houses from human populations is a good practice.

###  B. Idaho Mosquito Abate ment Districts (9/17/2002)

Bear River Mosquito Abatement District Ron Peterson, Manager 327 Jefferson Street Montpelier, Idaho 83254 Phone: 208-847-0545 E-mail: ctp@dcdi.net

Canyon County Mosquito Abatement District Brian Benner, Director 721 E. Roosevelt Avenue Nampa, Idaho, 83686 Phone: 208-461-8633 or 208-871-1860 E-mail: ccmad@att.net

Custer County Mosquito Abatement District Scott Johnson, Secretary - Treasurer Star Route Mackay, Idaho 83251 Phone 208-588-3072

Fairfield Mosquito Abatement District Cathy Miller, Manager P.O. Box 1 Fairfield, Idaho 83327 Phone: 208-764-3202 E-mail: cmiller06@fs.fed.us

Fremont County Mosquito Abatement District Woody Andersen, Supt. of Public Works 110 West Main St. Anthony, Idaho 83445 Phone: 208-624-3494 E-mail: stacity@fretel.com

Gem County Mosquito Abatement District Terri Quenzer, Secretary Quinn Nuffer, Manager526 West 3 rd Street Emmett, Idaho 83617 Phone: 208-365-5628 E-mail: gcmad@earthlink.net

Emmett County Golf Association, Inc. Dave Watkins, Manager 6846 West Highway 52 Emmett, Idaho 83617 Phone: 208-365-2675

Jefferson County Mosquito Abatement District. Reed Williams, Manager 167 South Third West Rigby, Idaho 83442 Phone: 208-538-7778(day), 208-745-8424 E-mail: rwilliams@mascot.sd252.k12.id.us

Mackay Mosquito District - Custer County Jack Anderson, Secretary 410 E. Custer Street Mackay, Idaho 83251 Phone: 208-588-2438 (h) E-mail: jckandrsn7@aol.com

Madison County Mosquito Abatement District Wendell Roth, Manager 750 North 1500 West Rexberg, Idaho 83440 Phone: 208-356-3102 (cell) 208-390-3102 E-mail: tinker51@fretel.com

The City of Menan Lyn Jacobson, Maintenance Supt. Menan, Idaho 83434 Phone: 754-0438 (h) or 520-4369 (cell)

Roberts Mosquito Abatement District Tom Buxton, Chairman 2898 East 800 North Roberts, Idaho 83444 Phone 208-228-6851 E-mail: tbuxton@ida.net

Ada County Mosquito Abatement Jack Bennett, Field Ope r ations Manager 975 East Pine Meridian , Idaho 83 642 Phone 208- 577

- 4646 or (cell) 208-869-7482 E-mail: jbennett @a daweb.netMap of Idaho Mosquito Abat ement Districts (2/22/03)

### C. Idaho statutes regarding formation and operation of a mosquito abatement district.

Title 39, Chapter 28-01-11 (see following pages for text)

39-2801. AUTHORIZATION TO FO RM ABATEMENT DISTRICTS

39-2802. PROCEDURES FOR FORMAT ION OF ABATEMENT DISTRICTS

39-2803. SELECTION OF OFFICIALS OF ABATEMENT DISTRICTS

39-2804. POWERS AND DUTIES OF ABATEMENT DISTRICTS

39-2805. METHOD OF FINANCING ABATEMENT DISTRICTS

39-2806. ANNEXATION TO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS

39-2807. CONSOLIDATION OF ABATEMENT DISTRICTS

39-2808. EXISTING RIGHTS PRESERVED

39-2809. SHORT TITLE

39-2810. WITHDRAWAL

39-2811. HEARING OF PETITION FOR WITHDRAWAL

### Title 39, Chapter 28-01-11

TITLE 39
HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER 28 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2801. AUTHORIZATION TO FORM ABATEMENT DISTRICTS. There may be formed, under the provisions of this act, districts for the abatement of mosquitoes and/or other vermin of public health importance, in any area of the state from territory of one or more counties, one or more cities or towns, or any combination or portion thereof.

TITLE 39
HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER 28 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2802. PROCEDURES FOR FORMATION OF ABATEMENT DISTRICTS. Upon presentation to the board of county commissioners of a petition requesting the formation of an abatement district, which is signed by qualified resident property owners of the territory of the proposed abatement district, equal to not less than ten percent (10%) of the resident property owners that voted in the last general election, the commissioners shall publish such petition when the following conditions are met: the petition must define the boundaries of the proposed district and assessed tax valuation of the property therein. When the above conditions have been met the county commissioners shall publish the petition, and if after thirty (30) days no protests are received, an election must be held at the next date specified in section 34-106, Idaho Code. The petitioners shall bear the expense of holding the election. If there are written protests, the county commissioners must hold a public hearing within thirty (30) days after receipt of the written protests and after the hearing hold an election. Notice of the time and place of such election shall be published at least once not less than twelve (12) days prior to the election and a second time not less than five (5) days prior to the election in at least one (1) newspaper having general circulation in the proposed abatement district. Only qualified electors who own land within the district, or the proposed district, and are residents of the county in which the district, or a portion thereof, is located, or are spouses of such landowners residing in such county, may vote on the formation of the district. A majority of the votes cast will establish the district.

TITLE 39
HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER 28 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2803. SELECTION OF OFFICIALS OF ABATEMENT DISTRICTS. A five (5) member board of trustees shall be appointed from within the area of the proposed abatement district to govern the abatement district. The trustees appointed shall at the first meeting of each year elect a president, secretary and treasurer to serve during the ensuing year. The officers of the board shall be bonded to the extent of five hundred dollars ($500) to five thousand dollars ($5,000) each as set by the county commissioners. The members of the board shall be appointed by the county commissioners of the county which they are to represent. When two (2) or more counties or portions thereof comprise an abatement district, the selection of trustees will be made by mutual agreement of the county commissioners concerned. Each trustee shall be a resident property owner and a registered voter. Trustees shall be appointed for four (4) years on staggered appointments. To initiate the board two (2) members are appointed for two (2) years, one (1) for three (3) years and two (2) for four (4) years. Subsequent appointments shall be for four (4) years. Trustees shall serve without compensation but will be reimbursed for necessary expenses involved with the performance of their official duties. The county health officer and the county agent shall be ex officio members of the board. Whenever two (2) or more counties orportions thereof are included in the district, the health officer and county agent for each county shall be ex officio members of the board. The [directors or] heads of the following state departments or their designated representatives shall be considered ex officio members of the board and may be called upon for their advice and assistance in the handling of abatement problems affecting their direct interests: agriculture, fish and game, lands, transportation, water resources and health and welfare.

TITLE 39
HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER 28 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT
DISTRICTS

39-2804. POWERS AND DUTIES OF ABATEMENT DISTRICTS.

The abatement district board of trustees is authorized: a. To appoint a director to direct the activities of the district, in accordance with training and experience necessary to fulfill the duties of the position. b. To appoint such other persons as necessary, determine their duties and compensation, and make rules and regulations respecting them. c. To take all necessary and proper steps for the control of mosquitoes and other vermin of public health importance in the district and for these purposes shall have the right to enter upon any and all lands. d. To sue and be sued. e. Contract to purchase, hold, dispose of, and acquire by gift real and personal property in the name of the district. To exercise the right of eminent domain and for these purposes to condemn any necessary land and/or rights of way in accordance with general law. f. To abate as nuisance breeding places of mosquitoes and/or other vermin of public health importance within the district or within migrating distance of the district by use of chemicals and/or permanent control measures and in this connection have the right to enter upon any and all lands. g. To work with the lateral ditch water users associations, irrigation, drainage and flood control districts and other cooperating organizations. The board of trustees of the abatement district may supplement funds of cooperating organizations for improvement, repair, maintenance and cleaning of ditches which will temporarily or permanently eliminate mosquito breeding or for other activities which will benefit the district. h. To file annually with the board of county commissioners for their approval an estimate of funds required for the next year, a plan of the work to be done, and methods to be employed. No procedure, work or contract for any year of operation shall be done or entered upon until plans and budget have been jointly approved by the board of county commissioners. i. To file, annually or by February 1 of the succeeding year, with the board of county commissioners a report setting forth the moneys expended during the previous year, methods employed, and work accomplishments.

TITLE 39
HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER 28 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2805. METHOD OF FINANCING ABATEMENT DISTRICTS. The board of county commissioners must levy upon taxable property within the district a tax at a rate not greater than sufficient to raise the amount determined by the board of trustees as approved by the board of county commissioners, as necessary for the operation of the district for the ensuing year. In no event shall such tax exceed one tenth percent (.1%) of the market value for assessment purposes on all taxable property within the district. All taxes thus levied shall be collected in the same manner as other taxes and deposited to the credit of the abatement district andshall be used for no other purposes. Such funds may be withdrawn from the county treasury and upon warrant of the board of trustees of the abatement district, signed by the president of the board and countersigned by its secretary, for the activities of the abatement district.

TITLE 39
HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER 28 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2806. ANNEXATION TO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS. Contiguous territories may be annexed to organized mosquito abatement districts upon petition of a majority of the legal voters in the territory seeking annexation and of the owners of more than half, by assessed value, of the taxable property in such territory, or by written request for annexation of a designated area, submitted to the trustees of the existing mosquito abatement district and signed by all members of the board of county commissioners in which county the territory seeking annexation is located. Upon receiving this petition or written request, the trustees of the existing mosquito abatement district must submit the question of annexation to the legal voters of the district at an election held subject to the provisions of section 34-106, Idaho Code.

TITLE 39
HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER 28 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2807. CONSOLIDATION OF ABATEMENT DISTRICTS. Two (2) or more contiguous districts may be consolidated. Any district board of trustees may seek consolidation by adoption of a resolution by a majority vote of its members. Consolidation is accomplished by a majority vote of the members of each of the boards of trustees involved in the consolidation. The consolidated districts may enter into arrangements for pooling funds and joint use of personnel, equipment, and supplies. The activities conducted under joint arrangement shall be considered as if conducted directly by the board having jurisdiction over the area concerned. The board of county commissioners must be given written notice of consolidation.

TITLE 39
HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER 28 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2808. EXISTING RIGHTS PRESERVED. It is the purpose of this act to provide additional and cumulative remedies to prevent, abate and control the spread of mosquitoes and/or other vermin affecting the public health, safety and welfare of the people of the state of Idaho. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to abridge or alter rights of action or remedies in equity or under the common law or statutory law, criminal or civil, nor shall any provision of this act, or an act done by virtue thereof, be construed as stopping the state or any municipality or person in the exercise of their rights of equity or under the common law or statutory law to suppress or abate nuisances.

TITLE 39
HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER 28 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2809. SHORT TITLE. This act may be cited as the Idaho Mosquito Abatement Act.

TITLE 39
HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER 28 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS39-2810. WITHDRAWAL. Any portion of a mosquito abatement district which will not be reasonably benefited by remaining within such district may be withdrawn as in this section provided. Upon receiving a petition signed by fifty (50) or more landowners within the portion desired to be withdrawn from any mosquito abatement district, or by a majority of such landowners, if there are less than one hundred (100) landowners within the portion sought to be withdrawn, requesting the withdrawal of such portion from the district on the ground that such portion will not be reasonably benefited by remaining in said district, the board of county commissioners shall fix a time for hearing on such petition and for hearing protests to the continuance of the remaining territory as a mosquito abatement district. The hearing shall not be less than ten (10) days nor more than thirty (30) days after the receipt thereof. The board shall, at least one (1) week prior to the time so fixed, publish notice of such hearing by one (1) publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the district, which the board deems most likely to give notice to the inhabitants thereof, of the proposed withdrawal.

TITLE 39
HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER 28 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICTS 39-2811. HEARING OF PETITION FOR WITHDRAWAL. Any person interested may appear at the hearing and object to the withdrawal of the portion from the district, or may object to the continuance of the remaining territory as a mosquito abatement district. The board of county commissioners shall consider all objections and shall pass upon the same, and if it finds that portion of the district sought to be withdrawn will not be reasonably benefited by remaining within the district, and the territory not sought to be withdrawn will be reasonably benefited by continuing as a mosquito abatement district, it shall grant the petition and enter an order thereon upon its records. In the event the board finds the district will not be reasonably benefited by continuing as a mosquito abatement district, it shall enter an order upon its records completely dissolving and terminating the previously existing mosquito abatement district. Upon the withdrawal of any territory from a mosquito abatement district, as in this section provided, all property acquired for the district shall remain vested in the county and be used for the purposes of the district. Upon complete dissolution of a mosquito abatement district as herein provided, all property acquired for the district shall remain vested in the county and be used for any general purpose of the county.

**Other related statutes: Agricultural Pest Statutes (Title 25, Chapters 2601-2613):**  The Animal Pest statutes appear to control animals and insects that would be more appropriately categorized as predatory. The mosquito abatement statutes listed above directly address the issue of mosquito abatement. Mosquito abatement and the means used to carry those activities out should remain governed by abatement statutes. The formation of abatement districts following the mosquito abatement statutes should be encouraged.

TITLE 25
ANIMALS
CHAPTER 26
EXTERMINATION OF WILD ANIMALS
AND PESTS IN COUNTIES 25-2601. CONTROL OF PESTS -- POWERS OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. The board of county commissioners of each and every county of this state are all hereby granted full power and authority to declare any predatory animal, including coyote, that feeds upon, preys upon or destroys any poultry or livestock of any kind upon any public or private lands within their respective counties, or any rodent, jack-rabbit, gopher, ground squirrel, cricket, locust, grasshopper and other insect pests or plant disease causing organisms/agents or any other invertebrate organism that feeds, preys upon, or destroys any livestock, natural grasses, or cultivated crops of any kind upon any public or private lands within their respective counties, to be agricultural pests, and to take all steps that they may deem necessary to control such pests.

### D. General legal principles of mosquito abatement in Idaho

Letter from the State of Idaho Of fice of the Attorney General addressing questions from Senator Brad Little (11/6/02). Please click here

.

### E. Model standard operating procedures for mosquito abatement districts in Idaho. (See the following pages.)

# MODEL

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES*

FOR MOSQUITO

ABATEMENT DISTRICTS

IN IDAHO

*All mosquito abatement dist ricts in Idaho are required by law (Idaho Statue Titl e 39, Chapter 28-04) to develop an annual plan for standard operations.

This document outlines the basic ac tivities carried out by abatement districts according to the nati onally recognized integrated pest management model.

This is not meant to be a complete text on mosquito abatement activities. For more information, visi t the following websites:

American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA)

http://www.mosquito.org/

Northwest Mosquito and Vector Control Association http://www.nwmvca.org/

### Contents

I. Function and scope of mosquito districts

II. Surveillance and Monitoring Identify adult mosquito species Survey and map mosquito breeding habitat (source) Evaluate mosquito larvae density in breeding sites Determine level of adult mosquito ac tivity Test adult mosquitoes for the presence of virus.

III. Prevention Source reduction, modificati on and elimination Larvicide application in mosquito breeding habitats

IV. Intervention Adult mosquito reduction

V. Threshold determinations for abatement activities

### Model Standard Operating Procedures

I. Function and Scope of Mosqui to Abatement Districts (MADs)

Mosquitoes have both positiv e and negative impacts on the environment. Mosquitoes provide a food source for fish and other aquatic organisms. They are also f ood for bats, birds, spiders, and dragonflies. However, they trans mit pathogens that cause many harmful mosquito-borne diseases worldwide, including malaria, encephalitis, yellow fever, dengue feve r and the latest mosquito-borne virus to reach the USA, West Nile virus. Each MADs primary function is to protect the public’s health and safety from mosquito-borne diseases. Additionally, as public health protection is fulfilled MAD pr ograms reduce pest mosquito populations. Successful abatement pr ograms improve the quality of life, promote economic developmen t, and facilitate enjoyment of natural and man-made attractions. In order for a MAD to be effective in its functions, it must implem ent necessary integrated control measures over a large area. MADs may consider different levels of activity to perform these functions. The level considered may change with local conditions and vector activity. Activity levels c an be passive, proactive, or active, as outlined below.

a. Passive  — Control areas proposed  — Staff identified and equipment available to respond to known outbreak b. Proactive  — Control areas defined  — Adequate staff and equipment to implement control plan  — Educational elements in place  — Surveillance and species identification activities ongoing  — Good reporting and planning functions operational  — Establish mutual aid or cooperative agreem ents with other agencies or jurisdictions. c. Active  — Control areas defined  — Adequate staff and equipment to implement control plan  — Good reporting and planning functions operational

In addition, MADs may consider no or minimal action when mosquitoes do not represent a vector-borne di sease threat in the district.

II. Surveillance / Monitoring a. Mosquito Trapping and Identification
In order to determine where specif ic mosquito species exist in a particular area of Idaho, it is necessa ry to trap and identify them. Oncethey are identified, the level of risk for disease can be better understood. Some mosquitoes are only pests not capable of transmitting disease, while others ar e both pests and disease vectors. As of this printing, CO 2 -baited traps are the preferred method for collecting biting female mosquitoes. These traps are typically set one or two separate nights per week for a 12-14 hour period during the calendar months of Ap ril through October. This time frame may vary depending on the occurrence of winter frosts (when mosquito activity diminishes). The trap collecti ons are picked up the next day. Mosquitoes are then sent to the state public health laboratory for evaluation (unless the abatement dist rict has a trained entomologist). Mosquitoes are identified under t he microscope by genus and species. Mosquitoes are pooled into vials by similar species, date and collection location. The resulting data will be ma intained in a master database at the state public health laboratory and a copy will also be returned to the submitting agency for recording and evaluation. This data will help determine what control measures are warranted (mosquito abatement, source reduction, etc.)
b. Surveillance for mosquito breeding habitats

The most effective method of mos quito control is the reduction, modification, or elimination of mos quito breeding source habitats. This form of control cannot be accomplis hed in many cases due to legal, fiscal and environmental constrai nts. Mapping mosquito breeding habitat locations can help with s ource reduction activities and strategically pinpoint target areas for community education efforts and/or insecticide applic ation. Breeding habitats should be identified, described, mapped (ideally by GPS coordinates) and cataloged. c. Monitoring for larvae Timely inspections and evaluations of mosquito larvae populations in aquatic habitats by dip-collection is a key tool to determine the mosquito growth phase and numbers. As mosquito larvae threshold densities approach threshold values, mosquito management activities are applied to the breeding habitats to prevent the larvae from becoming biting adults (see prevent ion and threshold determinations below). d. Mosquito landing rates Surveillance of the adult mosquito landing rates permits excellent evaluation of the prevalence of mo squitoes within residential areas. Mosquito landing rates are determi ned best during crepuscular periods (two hours after sunset or two hours prior to sunrise). The surveyor should wear dark colored clothing and sit or stand quietly for a few minutes, collecting mosquitoes with an aspirator as they land on his or her clothing. The required equipment for this type of surveillance is a battery-operated or simple mouth-su ction aspirator. The collected mosquitoes are taken back to the di strict work area for identification and control measures are determined. A modification of the landingrate is the mosquito-biting (or " light and bite") rate, in which the mosquito is not aspirated until it bi tes the surveyor. This method is not recommended in areas where mosquito-borne virus occurs. e. Monitoring for virus Typically mosquitoes are collected in traps (as described above) from April through October and pooled by species, date, and location. Mosquito pools are test ed for the presence of arboviruses at the Idaho State Bur eau of Laboratories in Boise, Idaho. Test results are maintained by the stat e Office of Epidemiology in the Idaho Department of Health and Welf are. Copies are furnished to the submitting agency and the corresponding district health department.

III. Prevention Mosquito control is important becaus e it reduces the number of flying adult mosquitoes, thereby reducing the risk of mosquito-borne virus transmission to humans and animals. a. Eliminating or modifying mosquito breeding habitats

The elimination or modification of mosquito breeding habitat, when feasible and within regulations, is a critical component and the best long-term solution for mosquito c ontrol. These activities include avoiding over watering in public and private areas, draining and/or filling of areas of shallow stagnant water, increasing flow rates in irrigation and drainage canals, elim inating water holding containers and reducing and/or elimi nating vegetation in slack or stagnant water which supports mosquito breeding. Mo st of these activities can be achieved through cooperative agreements with other agencies and political subdivisions, and by the use of public education campaigns. b. Abatement of mosquito larvae in their aquatic habitats Mosquito larvicide applications sele ctively target mosquito larvae and are effective in reducing mosquito populations. This type of mosquito control measure requires c onsiderable personnel, equipment, materials, planning, mosquito su rvey work and expense. These types of applications offer the most select ive chemical control of mosquitoes. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) are applied to mosquito breeding habitats when mosquito larvae are found in the 1 st to 3 rd instar stage of life. Aquatic sites can fall under one of many different jurisdictions, each of which may have limitations to insecticide usage. Please refer to the “Special considerations for pesticide applications and other contro l methods” section of this plan prior to the use of any insecticide.

IV. Adult mosquito intervention This method should be considered when rapid reduction in adult mosquito populations is warranted.

The ultra low volume (ULV) adulticide spray method is typically used where mosquito trapping, landing or biting rate counts, and verifiable complaints from MAD constituents indicate the presence of flyingadult mosquitoes.

The current mosquito insecticide (mosquitocide or adulticide) used by most MADs is a malathion-based ULV concentrate. This product is a non-residual insecticide with ex cellent efficacy against flying mosquitoes. In Idaho much cropland is present and malathion is used because it generally does not have cr opland restrictions on its label directions. Pyrethrin-based product s may be used in residential areasavoiding cropland and sensitive aquat ic areas according to label restrictions.

ULV spray treatments for flying adult mosquitoes are routinely announced publicly at the beginning of the mosquito season. Some abatement districts have established a “Call Before Spraying List” for those residents who wish to be called prior to ULV spraying in the areas in which they live. All ULV treatments are restricted to property within the mosquito abatement distri ct's jurisdiction, taking into consideration special situations. All treatments must be applied according to the insecticide’s label directions and the state requirements related to licensure. A ll treatment equipment is calibrated as per the insecticide label direct ions and certified to be correctly operational by the Idaho D epartment of Agricultur e or other recognized authority.

Exceptions to the approved operati onal plan are reviewed on a caseby-case basis with priority given to emergency health related issues. The board of trustees and the county commissioners must approve any substantial changes to these operational plans.

During heightened arbovirus detec tion, ULV spraying treatments will likely increase to reducing t he adult mosquito population.

V. Threshold determinations for abatement activities The intent of the mosquito abatement districts is to ensure that applications of insecticides are made only when nece ssary. The threshold factors are:  Results of mosquito monitoring (using recognized surveillance methods such as larva surveys, traps or landing rates) indicate that a threshold is reached (for example, when five or more adult mosquitoes per trap or landing period, or three or more larvae in a dip are present)  When public complaints and service requests are validated by one or more recognized surveillance methods  When potential of mosquito-borne disease is imminent in the District area  When mosquito-borne disease is present

Please refer to the Model Arbovirus Surveillance and Response Guide in the next section.

### F. Idaho model arbovirus su rveillance and response guide

. (See the following pages.)

# IDAHO MODEL ARBOVIRUS SURVEILLANCE AND RESPONSE GUIDE



# A Phased Response to Arbovirus Detection

This document provides guidance for modifying standard operating procedures in res ponse to a suspected or detected arbovirus. Please note that this is an addendum to the model standard operating procedures may need to be reviewed and approved by your County Board of Commissioners as directed by Idaho Code.

### Guidelines for the Phased Response to Arbovirus Detection

The primary mission of the model plan is to protec t the public health and safety of people in Idaho. The following arbovirus protection provisions for mosquito abatement districts are propos ed as ideal responses to various indicators of virus in the environment. These responses are presented in a phased manner with the level of respons e categorized by perceived risk to human health. This response plan itse lf was modeled after plans adopted by many states in the continent al United States, and as such, is considered consistent with a cceptable national practices.

I. Arbovirus Detection Testing of mosquito pools, dead birds, and human samples will be conducted at the Idaho Stat e Department of Health and Welfare, Bureau of Laboratories. Horse samples will be tested at the Idaho State Department of Agriculture, An imal Industries Laboratory.

II. Phased Response (Risk) Categories

0: Probability of outbreak in humans — none 1a: Probability of outbreak in humans

—remote 1b: Probability of outbreak in humans

—remote but suspected due to previous activity 2: Probability of outbreak in humans

—low 3: Probability of outbreak in humans

—moderate 4: Probability of outbreak in humans

—high 5: Probability of outbreak in humans

—outbreak in progress


### 0 – Risk Category

Probability of outbreak in humans – None

Definition – Off-season; adult vectors inactive, climate unsuitable for breeding.

Recommended Response

—Acquire surveillance and control resources necessary to enable emergency response. Initiate community outreach and public educ ation programs along with the local health district.


### 1a – Risk Category

Probability of outbreak in humans – Remote

Definition – Spring, summer or fall; areas unlikely to have arbovirus epizootic during the y ear based on lack of previous or current arbovirus activity in the region.Recommended Response – Same as Risk Category 0, plus the following: Conduct entomologic survey (inventory and map mosquito breeding areas). Conduct community outreach and public education. Monitor avian mortalit y, human encephalitis/meningitis and equine surveillance.


### 1b – Risk Category

Probability of outbreak in humans – Remote

Definition – Spring, summer or fall; areas anticipating arbovirus epizootic during the year based on previous arbovirus activity in the region; no current surveillanc e findings indicating arbovirus epizootic activity in the area.

Recommended Response – Same as Risk Category 1a, plus the following: Do source reduction. Use larvicides at specific sources identified by entomologic survey, ta rgeted at amplif ying and vector species. Maintain avian mortalit y, vector, and virus surveillance. Conduct public education emphasizing source reduction.

NOTE: ABATEMENT DISTRICTS DO NOT ROUTINELY MAKE PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS OUTSIDE THEIR DESIGNATED DISTRICT BOUNDARIES.


### 2 – Risk Category

Probability of outbreak in humans – Low

Definition – Spring, summer or fall; areas with initial, sporadic, or limited arbovirus activity in birds and/or mosquitoes.

Recommended Response – Response as in Risk Category 1b, plus the following: Increase insecticide- based larval control and source reduction efforts. Enhance public education emphasizing personal protection measures and equine vaccination. Enhance adult mosquito surveillance activities such as mosquito trapping and testing for virus to further quantify epizootic activity. Target adult control efforts to particular loca tions, when surveillance indicates potential for increased human risk. Follow-up to evaluate the efficacy of mosquito control activities.



### 3 – Risk Category
Probability of outbreak in humans – Moderate

Definition – Spring, summer or fall; areas with initial confirmation ofarbovirus in a human and/or horse, or moderate arbovirus activity in birds and/or mosquitoes.

Recommended Response – Same as Risk Category 2, plus the following: Increase frequency of su rveillance and control activities as long as there continues to be the potential for human risk to persist or increase.



### 4- Risk Category
Probability of outbreak in humans – High

Definition – Spring, summer or fall; quantitative measures indicating arbovirus epizootic activity at a level suggesting high risk of human infection (for exam ple, high dead bird densities, high mosquito infection rates, mult iple positive species, horse or mammal cases indicating escalating epizootic transmission, or human case and high levels of epizootic activity) and abundant adult vectors.

Recommended Response – Same as Risk Category 3, plus the following: Expand public information program to promote personal protective measures on televisi on, radio and newspaper. Continue source reduction, risk communicati on about adult mosquito control; initiate or continue active surveillance for human cases. Continue escalating adult mosquito control and monitoring (efficacy) in target areas of potential human risk.


### 5- Risk Category
Probability of outbreak in humans – Outbreak in progress:

Definition – Multiple confirmed cases in humans; conditions favoring continued transmission to humans.

Recommended Response - Same as Risk Category 4, plus the following: Increase risk communi cation about adult mosquito control. Escalate adult mosquito control and monitoring of control efficacy in target areas of human risk.

If outbreak is widespread and covers mu ltiple jurisdictions, activate mutual aid and cooperative agreements.

II. Arbovirus Alerts

a. Positive test results in mosquitoes or dead birds Mosquito and dead bird test result s will be reported from the state health department to the submitti ng agency and the affected districthealth department. The general public will be alerted through timely press releases. Press releases wi ll encourage individuals to take personal protective measures against mosquito bites and to assure that horses have been properly vaccinated.

b. Positive test results in humans or horses Each positive laboratory test on a human or a horse will be investigated to determine if the i ndividual had traveled to a state already experiencing WNV infections or if that infection was acquired in Idaho. Formal mosquito abatement districts and local district health officials will be provided generalized case information to assist in the initiation of increased surveillanc e and control measures. Due to confidentiality issues, press releases will be generated but the identity of the person or horse and the exact location will be withheld. Information will be relayed in terms of county or district affected. The general public will be alerted thr ough timely press releases. Press releases will encourage individuals to take personal protective measures against mosquito bites and to assure that horses have been properly vaccinated.



### G. Estimated start-up and operational costs for mosquito abatement districts.

The following estimates are provided for planning purposes only. Some of the items may already exist in one of the other county operations (such as office or shop space in the weed control or road departments) and need not be duplicated.

The following budget list is not meant to be all-inclusive because different areas have different needs or cha llenges. The list will provide planners with the basic elements for the est ablishment of a mosquito abatement program. Please do not total the colu mns because alternative items have been placed in the list to increase t he likelihood that all factors will be considered, e.g. facility mortgage payment a nd monthly office rent. Pick the items that need to be considered fo r your operation, expand on that list to cover items particular to your planning area, then apply local cost and budget factors to provide an estimate for planning purposes. See footnotes for details of some estimates.

Budget Estimates 1 st /Annual Capital Purchase & Replacement Capitol Equipment $107, 800 $ 12,000 Non-Capitol Equip. $ 6,600 $ 3,000 Facilities $174,500 $ 24,000 ($2,000 per month) Materials and Supp lies $ 10,500 $ 10,500 Manpower $124,400 $124,400+ Operati ons $ 33,106 $ 33,106+

Equipment – Based on District of 22 Square Miles Capitol Equipment Pickup trucks 3 @ $16,000 = $48,000 ULV Spray Unit 3 @ $10,000 = $30,000Larvicide Granule Spreader 3-4 each @ $700 = $ 2,800 Computer 2 @ $2,000 = $ 4,000 4-Wheeler 1 @ $10,000 = $10,000 Trailer 1 @ $3,000 = $ 3,000 Microscope and Lights 1 @ $2,000 = $ 2,000 Forklift 1 @ $8,000 = $ 8,000

$12,000-16,000 per year est. replace fund $107,800

General Use Equipment Traps 10 @ $100 = $ 1,000 GPS Units 4-5 @ $200 = $ 1,000 Spill Kit 4 @ $100 = $ 400 Secure chemical and equipment storage area. = $120,000 (minimum)

Wind speed, temperature and related weather devices. $ 400

Night operations, warning light, flashlights, signs, misc. hand tools, etc. Office Equipment (Desks, Chairs, FAX machine, file cabinet, etc $ 800 $ 3,000 $ 6,600

Facilities

Administrative Office, Laborator y and Record Storage, Run-on, Run-off surface water addressed. Water Supply cross connection protection $ 3,500 Land $ 40,000 (approx. two acres based on 18-20,000 per acre) Wash Rack/Pad $ 6,000 Rinsate Recovery System $ 2,000 Chemical Containment $ 3,000 $174,500

Materials and Supplies (annual estimates based on 22 square mile operation, ground application only) Larvacide 1 $2,500 Adulticide 2 $3,100 Office Supplies $ 600 Vehicle (Gas, Oil) $2,500 PPE – Gloves, coveralls, aprons, respir ators, boots, goggles, etc. $1,000 $9,700

Manpower $124,400 + Director $40,000 + Benefits Supervisor $28,000 + Benefits Office (P/T) $ 9,400 Seasonal Personnel $47,000 5 individuals X $10.00 (per hour w /tax and ins.) x 4,700 hours/year Manpower estimates based on 2002 wages, estimate 3.5% increase each year thereafter.Operations Routine Services – Annual Basis Telephone/Cell Phone Communication $ 3,000 Power $ 1,200 Internet Service $ 300 Education - PSA / $ 1,000 Community Outreach / Promotion Licenses/Training 3,4 $ 3,120 Surveillance / Monitoring 5,6 $ 8,400 Calibration of Sprayers $ 200 Container Recycling $ n/c Medical Monitoring/Respirator Fit Test $ 400 (Dibrom) Accounting / Audit $ 1,500 Legal / Counsel $ 1,000 Vehicle and general liability Insurance (ex:) $ 6,086 Water (drinking and irrigation) $ 300 Sewer/ Trash $ 600 Survey Service – (Slope and Grade) $ 1,000 Drainage Work – Pr oject Based $ 5,000 $33,106

Based on 2002 data from Canyon C ounty, annual increases anticipated

.

Contracted Services Drainage Contractor – Project Based $ 5,000 (+ or -) Ground application $7 0 - 200 per hour Air application $1-6 per acre Contracted application rates are estimates based on historical values and may not be applicable at current date or in your given situation. $5,000 was placed into plan to cover drainage activities on an "on-call" basis.)

Details of estimates 1 Larvacide — $2,500 on a 22 square mile district (100 gal @ $25/gallon) 2 Adulticide— $3,080 on a 22 square mile district (110 gal @ $28 per gallon) 3 Licensure — Driving and Pe sticide Applicator, $120 4 Training — Examples of traini ng that may be required (Mosquito University, PPE, Hazardous Materi als, Fork Lift and Mixer-Loader). Estimated training cost is $3,000. 5 Surveillance/ Monitoring estimates are based on 6 traps and average summer counts. One trap shoul d service approximately 4 square miles (more or less). Mosquito id entification and separation for virus estimates are based on 0.6 hours per trap night X 2 times per week = 1.2 hours per week x 26 weeks = 31 hour s @ $15 per hour = $465 per trap (rounded up), per year. Another $935 is estimated to manage (mileage, materials and manpower @ $18 per tr ap night) the trap and collect samples during one season. This estimate averages $1,400 per trap site, and $8,400 for the six traps in the example. 6 Mosquito identification and separ ation of trapped mosquitoes forvirus testing (if activity contract ed separately from surveillance and monitoring) — 4 hours per trap night X 2 times per week = 8 hours per week x 26 weeks = 208 hours @ $15 per hour = $3,120 per year (example based on 6 traps and average summer counts).



### H. Special considerations for pesticide application and other control methods

Aerial applications All proposed aerial applications of pesticides must be reviewed by the FAA and performed by a licensed professional applicator.

Aquatic applications Proposed application of pesticides to surface water used for drinking purposes must be accompanied by a short-term activity exemption from the Idaho Department of Envir onmental Quality. This exemption must be obtained prior to initia ting pesticide application.

Bee colony locations ISDA requires beekeepers within Idaho to be registered; however, some beekeepers do not register their hi ves or may move them to new locations every year. Check with ISDA for registered beekeepers on a county-by-county basis, prior to spraying. Insecticides used for mosquito control will kill pollinatin g bees if improperly applied. Follow pesticide label instructions and ISDA rule IDAPA 02.03.03.400 for restrictions related to the protection of pollinators. In general application of pesticide s toxic to bees shall be made during the time frame starting th ree hours prior to sunset and ending three hours after sunrise.

Biologically-controlled areas An example includes the use of organisms to consume the noxious weeds purple loosestrife and yellow st ar thistle. Adulticide applications should be avoided in these areas . Check with the local county agriculture extension agent fo r information in your area.

Chemically sensitive individuals Idaho does not have a registry for indivi duals with chemical sensitivities. In practice, most mosquito abatement districts have created lists of citizens who wish to be notified pr ior to application in their area. Notification allows the person to l eave the immediate area or take other actions during pesticide application. P ublicizing spraying activities and MAD contact information prior to pes ticide application may provide an opportunity for such individual s to identify themselves.

Endangered or threatened species For information related to Endangered Species Act (ESA) specific issues in your area, contact the I daho Conservation Data Center at the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and ask for George Stephans208-334-3402

Organic farms Certified organic farms are register ed with the Idaho Stat e Department of Agriculture (ISDA). Please check wit h ISDA for organic operations in your area prior to pesticide application. It is important to avoid pesticide application that would result in pes ticide residues on organic products.

Restricted pesticide application areas These areas are established accord ing to ISDA laws and rules. Locations of restricted areas may be obtained by contacting ISDA

Water irrigation district s, canal companies, a nd drainage districts These operations, if working proper ly, should not promote mosquito breeding because the water should be flowing fast enough to inhibit mosquito breeding site developmen t. These operations also have the ability to evaluate and initiate dr ainage of breeding sites on property controlled by them.

Wetlands All drainage projects should be eval uated in terms of the requirements put forth in the Clean Water Act and enf orced by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Private and commercial recreation areas For private or commercial recreational areas (e.g., Idaho Power Co. parks and campsites) please contact t he owner or managing agency for any restrictions on that property.

City, county, state, and federal lands Please contact the managing agency for any restrictions on that property.

### I. Frequently asked questions from areas lacking abatement districts

Q. Why should we form an abatemen t district and what are the advantages?

A. Mosquito abatement districts (MADs), are formed for manyreasons. One is to protect the public’s health by reducing diseasecarrying mosquitoes. Arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) may be life threatening to some individua ls and cause life-long debilitating disease in others. MADs also provide a community service by eliminating pest mosquitoes whic h annoy residents, worry livestock (an economic issue), and inhibit recreational opportunities. MAD formation can be an effective method of pooling financial, labor and capital equipment costs.

Q. Can we ask nearby abatement di stricts to abate mosquitoes in our area even though we don’t h ave an abatement district of our own?
A. No. MADs function as described in St atute (Title 39, Chapter 28-04) to abate mosquitoes within a descr ibed district. Besides lack of authority, barriers to MADs abatin g mosquitoes outside of an MAD include a lack of funding for such activities, liabi lity issues, a lack of known mosquito breeding site locations, and a lack of mapping of areas of special consideration.

Q. How long does it t ake to establish an abatement district?
A. The mosquito abatement act was designed to allow for local residents to vote for, fund, implement and manage the mosquito abatement activities in their immedi ate area. The election process and the setting of the levy to collect op erational funds as a tax assessment take the most time. The whole process has been known to take an average of two years to complete.

Q. Why aren’t abatement districts countywide?

A. Ideally abatement districts s hould be countywide. Abatement districts already in existence are fi nding it difficult to annex adjacent or non-adjacent regions in their count ies when the need arises. In fact, the process of annexation is just as difficult as establishing a newabatement district. Abatement district s may include property in two or more counties and operate under one management plan as long as the district area is contiguous.

Q. Who should make abatement decisions?
A . Abatement districts are headed by county commissionerappointed trustees who prioritize abatement efforts (Title 39, Chapter 28-03). A MAD shall employ a director to make the day-today management / operational de cisions. These decisions are based on an approved annual work plan.

Q. How can we get some start-up funds to begin abatement activities prior to the influx of revenue through taxation?

A. Tax anticipation loans may be obtained from lending institutions for districts that have formed but ar e not receiving revenues yet. Legislation may clear the way for ot her methods of funding such as deficiency warrants or a grant progra m but at this time those options have not be authorized.

Q. Can the District Health Depa rtments help with mosquito abatement?
A. The district health department s are not licensed pesticide applicators. District health department s are ex-official members of the board of trustees for each exis ting MAD and therefore are active in the administration of the MAD by offering guidance related to public health. Several of the health districts have personnel that have vector control experience and or knowledge and may be of assistance but as of this time t here are no formal vector control specialists available either at t he local or state health department level.

Q. What should we do if surveillan ce efforts in our area detect WNV (positive mosquito pool, positive dead bird, positive horse or human) and we are not in an abatement district?
A . Public education about personal protection and the reduction of breeding sites near homes is the fi rst option. The district health department is a strong ally with t he ability to provide education on these topics. Other options include the identification of mosquito breeding sites and working with landowner s to eliminate standing water and the formation of an abatement district.

Q. Can existing abatement distri cts make requests directly to FEMA for assistance if they are unable to financ ially maintain adequate abatement when arboviruses are detected?

A . No. The MADs should contact t he county emergency coordinator to facilitate discussion with the county commissioners about declaring an emergency. The county commissioners have the authority to declare a state of emergency for the county. When emergency needs exceed thecounty’s ability to respond, the county can send a request for assistance to the State to the Bur eau of Disaster Services. The Bureau of Disaster Services handles the request with the Governor. If the emergency needs exceed the state’s abi lity to respond, the Governor can request federal assistance through FEMA.

## Section 4

Appendices

A. Glossary of terms

B. Agency contact list

C. DEQ aquatic pesticide application rule

D. Larviciding pesticides and safety issues

E. Adulticiding pesticides and safety issues

F. Training required prior to pesticide usage

G. Example Mosquito Operations plan: Canyon County Mosquito Abatement District emergency planAppendix A: Glossary of Terms Related to Mos quito Control and Public Health

adulticide a type of pesticide used to kill adult mosquitoes

arthropod a group of animals that do not have a backbone such as insects, spiders, and crustaceans

assay a laboratory test

avian surveillance monitoring of the bird population for presence of a disease

Bacillus sphaericus a bacterium; type of biological pesticide used to eradicate mosquito larvae in water (mosquito larvae die after ingesting this bacteria)

catch basins grates seen at street co rners for water runoff

communicable diseases illnesses due to specific infe ctious agents or their toxic products that can be transmitted from an infected person or animal to a susceptible host; either directly or i ndirectly through an intermediate host

Culex pipiens species of mosquito, a major vector for West Nile virus, commonly found in urban areas; breeds in fresh but stagnant water such as backyard containers and storm drains

DEET DEET (chemical name, N,N-diethyl -meta-toluamide) is the active ingredient in many inse ct repellent products

encephalitis inflammation of the brain

etiologic agents biologic organism or chemical material that cause disease

gravid traps type of mosquito traps design ed to attract pregnant female mosquitoes

IgM-capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing a laboratory analysis for the presence of immunoglobulin M antibodies ( antibodies that rise during the acute phase of an illness and are a si gn of recent infection)

indirect IgG enzyme i mmunoassay (EIA) testing a laboratory analysis for the presence of Immunoglobulin G antibodies (longlasting antibodies; their presence are a sign of past infection)

larvae immature mosquitoes; stage which hatches from the egg, prior to adult stage

larvicide a type of pesticide used to er adicate immature mosquitoes (larvae)

meningitis inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord whichcan be caused by a virus or a bacteria

methoprene a type of larvicide; chemical t hat is used to prevent mosquito larvae from emerging and developing into adult mosquitoes

migratory birds birds that fly south for the wi nter and return north in the spring

mosquito breeding site where mosquitoes lay eggs, typically stagnant water with organic material

mosquito pool a group of mosquitoes collected in one area and combined for laboratory testing

N,N-diethyl-metatoluamide
DEET (chemical name, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) is the active ingredient in many insect repellent products

necropsy autopsy on an animal

outbreak an unexpected increase in frequency or distribution of a disease

overwintering a period of rest or hibernation by which insects survive the winter
pesticide substance used to kill pests such as insects, mice and rats; insecticide is a form of pesticide

pyrethrins naturally-occurring plant compounds having insecticidal properties
pyrethroid a synthetic organic compound with insecticidal properties similar to pyrethrins

resmethrin a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide used to eradicate adult mosquitoes in the home, lawn, garden and at industrial sites; active ingredient in the product Scourge®

serologic of, or relating to serum

serum liquid portion of the blood containing proteins, including antibodies

vector an organism (an insect in most cases) capable of carrying and transmitting a disease-causing agent from one host to another

vector control mechanism instituted to control and reduce the vector population

vector surveillance monitoring of the vector population for presence of a disease

viral of or relating to a virus

viral encephalitis inflammation of the brain caused by a virusAppendix B: Agency Du ties and Contact List

Bureau of Land Management Jan Peterson, Safety/Occupational Health Manager Idaho State Office 1387 S. Vinnell Way Boise, Idaho 83709 PH: 208-373-4030; FAX: 208-373-3805 Jan_Peterson@blm.gov

Idaho Department of Environmental Quality The Idaho Department of Enviro nmental Quality (IDEQ) is responsible for protecting Idaho’s drinking water quality, preserving Idaho’s air quality, ensuring proper disposal of solid wastes, and remediation of releases of haz ardous materials. The general number for IDEQ is 208-373- 0502. See their website http://www.deq.state.id.us/ for additional contact information.

Idaho Department of Fish and Game: To discuss issues regarding mosquito abatement and IDFG lands, or West Nile virus in wildlife, contact Jeff Gould 334-2920.

Wildlife Diseases Laboratory 16569 S. 10 th Ave Caldwell IE 83605 208-454-7646

Idaho Conservation Data Center For information regarding endangered s pecies, please contact George Stephans, 208-334-3402

Idaho State Department of Health and Welfare

Office of Epidemiology 450 W. State St., 4 th Floor Boise, ID 83720 208-334-5939

The Office of Epidemiology is re sponsible for tracking reportable diseases in Idaho. Disease due to West Nile virus and other arboviruses is reportable under thes e categories: aseptic or viral meningitis or encephalitis, and extr aordinary occurrence of disease ( e.g., flaccid paralysis due to WNV.) A reported or suspected case of WNV disease will be investigated to determine the source of infection (when possible), to confirm laborat ory findings, and to promote public health practices designed to reduce the opportunity fo r human illness. This may include the generation of educational press releases encouraging individuals to reduce mosquito habitats and mosquitobiting opportunities around the home. The Office of Epidemiology will work closely with district health departments. Additional activities include maintaining an educationa l website on WNV and working with other agencies involved with WNV, nam ely the ISDA and the IDFG.

Bureau of Laboratories

Virology Section 2220 Old Penitentiary Rd. Boise, ID 83712

The state Bureau of Laboratories is capable of testing for the presence of WNV or antibodies against the virus in humans, horses, birds, and mosquitoes. Testing for this virus is a priority with rapid turn-around times and rapid reporting back to the submitting agency or physician.

District Health Departments:

District health departments provide public health services to all 44 counties in Idaho.

District 1: Panhandle Health District Coeur d’Alene, ID 208-677-3481

District 2: North Central Health District Lewiston, ID 208-799-3100

District 3: Southwest District Health Department Caldwell, ID 208-455-5300

District 4: Central Distr ict Health Department Boise, ID 208-375-5211

District 5: South Central Health District Twin Falls, ID 208-737-5900

District 6: Southeastern Health District Pocatello, ID208-233-9080

District 7: District Seven Health Department Idaho Falls, ID 208-522-0310

Idaho State Department of Agriculture (ISDA) The roles of the Idaho State Department of Agriculture as related to animal disease tracking, the control of mosquitoes, and pesticide use include:

Division of Animal Industries State Veterinari an, 208-332-8560

ISDA Animal Industries has the re sponsibility to address emerging animal diseases (such as West Nile virus). ISDA will continue to advise veterinarians and citizens statewi de on the actions needed to address the WNV situation in domestic animals . Within the Division of Animal Industries, the Bureau of Animal Health and Livestock will track information related to reported horse cases and investigate suspicious cases in other animal species.

Urban Pesticide Program Robert S. Hays, Coor dinator; 208-442-2803

1 The authority to regulate pesticide usage in Idaho. That authority includes the licensur e of pesticide applicators, the registration of pesticide products used in Idaho, routine inspections related to pesticide use, and the investigat ion of pesticide related complaints. ISDA's Division of Agricultural Res ources (DAR) conducts these activities as well as providing traini ng for pesticide applicators.

2 Integrated pest management training and information. DAR staff provides Idaho mosquito abat ement districts and personnel with information and training related to integrated pest management techniques, pest monitoring/surveillance, pest management plan development, technical pesticide issues and pesticide regulation compliance.

3 ULV spray equipment calibration. In an effort to maintain complianc e with the pesticide label directions related to ultra low volume (ULV) dropl et size, ISDA's Division of Animal Industries provides equipment and per sonnel for the calibration of ULV spray equipment used for adult mosquito control applications. This is a service based on request only and a fee is charged.

Organic Program ISDA certifies organic producers. According to IDAPA 02.06.33.004,section 205.202 Land Requirements: Any field or farm parcel fr om which harvested crops are intended to be sold, labeled, or represented as “organic,” must: (b) Have no prohibited substances, as listed in 205.105 (i.e. synthetic substances, unless on allowed list, pesticides, fertilizers, prohibit ed non-synthetic substances, sewage sludge) applied to it for a period of 3 years immediately preceding harvest of the crop.

A current list of certified organic growers for a given area may be obtained by contacting the ISDA at 208-332-8620.

Apiary Program The ISDA's Apriary Program r egisters bee keepers operating in Idaho on a county-by-county basis. Please contact Mike Cooper, Acting Administrator, Division of Plant Industries, Idaho State Department of Agriculture at phone number 208-332-8620 for bee keeper contact information.

Idaho Department of Water Resources The Idaho Department of Water Resources is responsible for water resource protection ( e.g. , ground water protection, stream channel protection, flood plain managem ent), water allocation ( e.g. , water rights and distribution), and water planning ( e.g. , minimum stream flows), among other duties. For is sues involving mosquito abatement and WNV, contact Dick Larson, 208-327-7933

Idaho Water Users Association The Idaho Water Users Association is organized to ‘promote, aid and assist the development, control, conservation, preservation and utilization of the water resource s of the State of Idaho and to cooperate with similar organizations in other states...” For issues regarding irrigation water, cont act: Norm Semanko, Executive Director 410 S. Orchard Bois e, Idaho 83705 208- 344-6690 208-344- 2744 iwua@iwua.org

Mountain Home Air Force Base Conducts surveillance and coordinat es control measures on the base. Public Health Flight Co mmander Mountain Home AFB, Idaho Tel: 208-828-7385

National Park Service To discuss pest management coordinat ion with respect to National Parks, contact one of the following individuals:

Gerald McCrea Regional Pest Management Coordinator National Park Service, Intermountain Regiongerald_mccrea@nps.gov

PH: 505 988-6204 FAX: 505 988-6876

Erv Gasser Regional Pest Management Coordinator National Park Service, Pacific Region erv_gasser@nps.gov

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers For issues related to West Nile virus, contact: Brayton P. Willis, Jr. Boise Office, Walla Walla District

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers P.O. Box 2780 Boise, Idaho 83701 PH: 208-345-2064 FAX: 208-345-2263 brayton.p.willis@usace.army.mil

For issues related to enforcement of wetlands protection under the Clean Water Act, contact Greg Martinez, 208-345-2155

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service To discuss mosquito abatement issues with respect to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service lands, contact:

Sam Johnson, Region 1 Integrated Pest Management Coordinator U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service NWRS/OPR/Biology 9317 Highway 99, Suite D Vancouver, WA 98665 PH: 360 696-7621; FAX 360-696-7968 E-mail: sam_johnson@fws.gov

U.S. Forest Service To discuss mosquito abatement issues with respect to U.S. Forest Service lands, contact Janet A. Valle, 801-625-5258, jvalle@fs.fed.usAppendix C. DEQ aquatic p esticide application rule

Idaho Administrative Code, Depart ment of Environmental Quality IDAPA 58.01.02 – Water Quality Sta ndards and Wastewater Treatment Regulations follows. Please refer to section 080. Appendix D. Larvicidal pesticides

Because of the nature of pes ticide development and the annual registration of pesticides for distribut ion within Idaho, the following list of mosquito control products may or may not be current. When purchasing pesticide products, inquire if they are registered for sale in Idaho. You may also contact the Idaho St ate Department of Agri culture at 208-332-8610 to check the registration status of a pesticide.

Larvicides

1 Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis ( BTI )( e.g . Vectobac®, Teknar®, Mosquito Dunks®, Bti Tossits®) Use : Approved for most permanent and temporary bodies of water. Limitations : Only works on actively feeding stages (larval instar stages one, two and three). Does not persist well in the water column. 2 Bacillus sphaericus ( e.g. Vectolex®) Use : Approved for most permanent and temporary bodies of water. Limitations : Only works on actively feeding stages. Does not work well on all species. May persist and have residual activity in some sites. 3 IGRs (Insect Growth Regulators) Methoprene ( e.g . Altosid®) Use : Approved for most permanent and temporary bodies of water.

Limitations : Works best on older instars. Some populations of mosquitoes may show some resistance. Diflurobenzamide ( e.g. Dimilin®) Use : Impounded tailwater, sewage effluent, urban drains and catch basins. Limitations : Cannot be applied to wetlands, crops, or near estuaries.

1 Larvaciding oils ( e.g. Golden Bear 1111®, BVA Chrysalin®) Use : Ditches, dairy lagoons, floodwater. Effective against all stages, including pupae. Limitations : Use of these products shoul d be limited to areas that will not have run off or ov er flow out of treated area. Some plant damage has been observed from the use of larvacide oils (rice crops in California).5. 2 Monomolecular Films ( e.g. Agnique MMF®) Use : Most standing water including certain crops. Limitations : Does not work well in areas with winds in excess of ten mph. 3 Organo-phosphate based larvacides ( e.g. Abate®) Use : Breeding sites as specified on label directions. Limitations : Must be applied to areas with not run off or outflow, not selective, will kill other species besides mosquito larva. 4 Pyrethrins ( e.g. Pyrenone Tossits®) Use : Breeding sites as specified on label, usually paired wit h pipernol butoxide as a synergist.Limitations : Must be applied to areas wit h not run off or outflow, not selective, will kill other species besides mosquito larva.

Always read the label for safety co nsiderations and follow the label directions for use.Appendix E. Adulticidal pesticides

Because of the nature of pes ticide development and the annual registration of pesticides for distribut ion within Idaho, the following list of mosquito control products may or may not be current. When purchasing pesticide products, inquire if they ar e registered for sale in Idaho. You may also contact the Idaho State D epartment of Agriculture at 208-332- 8610 to check the registration status of a pesticide.

Adulticides

1. Organophosphate compound s Note: Some mosquito populations ma y become resistant to label OP application rates is applications have been routine over several years. Recommend alternating or cycli ng adulticide products to avoid resistance development.

Malathion ( e.g. Fyfanon®) Use : May be applied by air or gr ound equipment over urban areas, and most crops, and wetlands when applie d at labeled rates for public health applications. Limitations : May damage automobile pain t if large droplets are produced; toxic to fish, wildlife and bees; crop residue limitations may resujlt in preharvest interval for some crops.

Naled ( e.g. Dibrom®, Trumpet EC®) Use : Air or ground applicat ion on fodder crops, swamps, floodwater, residential areas. Limitations : Same as malathion, and some cosmetic spotting of fruit may occur in dry hot climates.

1 Pyrethrins (natural pyrethrin products) ( e.g . Pyrenone Mosquito Spray®, Pyrocide®) Use : Wetlands, floodwater, residential areas, some crops. Limitations : Do not apply to drinking water, milking areas; may be toxic to bees, fish, and some wildlife. Shellfish, such as crawdads, display little or no tolerance to these produc ts. Some formulations with synergists have greater limitations. 2 Pyrethroids (synthetic pyrethrin products containing resmethrin, sumethrin, or permethrin) ( e.g. Scourge®, Anvil®) Use : All non-crop areas including wetlands and floodwater. Limitations : May be toxic to bees, fish, and some wildlife; avoid treating f ood crops, drinking water or milk production.

Always read the label for safety considerations and follow label directions for use.Appendix F. Special trai ning required prior to pesticide application Depending on the type of business and the type of pesticide applied, two categories of pesticide app licator license are required.

To commercially apply pesticides for mosquito control or to apply a restricted use pesticide for adult mo squito control, one must be licensed in the "public health" and "law and safety" categories of the Idaho State Department of Agriculture pestici de applicator licensing program.

Currently there is no requirement for applicator licensing if the applications are of general use pest icides on land owned or controlled by the applicator or the applicat or's employer. Some mosquito abatement districts require the ma nager to be a licensed professional pesticide applicator to demonstrat e competency and as a condition of employment.

A public applicator license category is currently being considered by the ISDA to require licensure of all individuals that apply any pesticide to public property (schools, parks, pub lic buildings), or private property (stores, restaurants, private inst itutions), open to public access.

Public Health Pesticide App licator Certification Training Idaho State Department of Agriculture, Sherm an Takatori 208-332-8609 Certification and licensing is required for individual s wishing to apply restricted-use pesticides or apply pesticides comme rcially in the control of public health vectors. This training is three hours in length.

General use pesticide application

Information is available thr ough the Idaho State Department of Agriculture Urban Pesticide Program , Robert Hays , 208-442-2803, related to the use of general use pes ticides for mosquito control in situation not requiring pestici de applicator licensure.

For more general information on pesticides:

American Mosquito Control Association http://www.mosquito.org/

Northwest Mosquito and V ector Control Association http://www.nwmvca.org/

Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ Appendix G. Example of a mosquito abatement district arbovirus emergency plan

Please click here for the Canyon County Mo squito Abatement District (CCMAD) Standard Operating Proc edures for CCMAD ArbovirusEmergencies.