TITLE: Biotechnology: BioremediationPUBLICATION DATE: August, 1994ENTRY DATE: September, 1994EXPIRATION DATE: NoneUPDATE: As neededCONTACT: Biotechnology Information Center(biotech@nalusda.gov)         National Agricultural LibraryDOCUMENT TYPE: TextDOCUMENT SIZE: 197k, approx. 110 pp.
United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library10301 Baltimore Blvd.Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351Quick bibliography series; 94-50ISSN: 1052-5378
                      Biotechnology: Bioremediation                     Kim Guenther and Raymond Dobert                       162 citations from AGRICOLA                         January 1991 - May 1994                       Quick bibliography series; 94-50                               August 1994                             SEARCH STRATEGY    SET   ITEMS    DESCRIPTION     S1   12321    GENETIC?()ENGINEER? OR BIOTECHNOLOG? OR                RECOMBINANT()DNA OR BIOENGINEER? OR                MICROMANIPULAT? OR TRANSGEN?     S2   16670    (GENE OR GENES OR CHROMOSOM? OR DNA OR RNA) (4N)                (TRANSFER? OR TRANSFORM? OR MANIPULAT? OR EXPRESS?                OR ALTER? OR INSERT? OR MODIF? OR RECOMBIN?)     S3    5732    (WASTE? OR POLLUT?) (4N) (TREAT? OR MINIMIZ? OR                REDUC? OR CONTROL? OR DIGEST? OR DECOMPOS?)     S4   18055    (WATER OR GROUNDWATER OR WASTE? OR SOIL OR AIR)                (4N)  (CONTAMINAT? OR DECONTAMIN? OR DISINFECT? OR                PROTECT? OR TOXI? OR POLLUT? OR DETOXI? OR                REMEDIAT?)     S5    4989    (MICROB? OR BACTER? OR AEROBIC OR ANAEROBIC OR                BIOLOG?) (4N) (TREAT? OR DIGEST? OR DEGRAD?)     S6    1941    (PESTICID? OR INSECTICID? OR HERBICID? OR FUNGICID?)                (4N) (DEGRAD? OR DECONTAMINAT? OR CONTAMINAT? OR                POLLUT?)     S7    1410    BIODEGRAD? OR BIODETOX?     S8   41371    SH=W000     S9     158    BIOREMEDIAT?     S10  25586    S1 OR S2     S11   2285    S5 AND (S3 OR S4 OR S6)     S12    496    S9 OR (S10 AND (S3 OR S4 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8 OR S11))     S13    482    S12 AND LA=ENGLISH     S14  11330    (IMPACT OR RISK? OR LEGAL? OR INTRODUCTION)/DE     S15    462    S13 NOT S14     S16    242    S15 AND UD=9201:UD=99991                                      NAL Call. No.: QH442.G456Accessing bioremediation technologies via tech transfer from government &industry.Day, S.M.New York, N.Y. : Mary Ann Liebert; 1992 Jun15.Genetic engineering news v. 12 (10): p. 4, 11; 1992 Jun15.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Technology transfer; Diffusion of information; Diffusion ofresearch; Technical progress; Biotechnology; Waste treatment; Governmentresearch; Research
2                                                       NAL Call. No.: 450 AN7Acclimation of trees to pollution stress: cellular metal tolerance traits.Dickinson, N.M.; Turner, A.P.; Watmough, S.A.; Lepp, N.W.London : Academic Press; 1992 Dec.Annals of botany v. 70 (6): p. 569-572; 1992 Dec.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Uk; Acer pseudoplatanus; Cell suspensions; Shoots; Explants; Airpollution; Copper; Cadmium; Phytotoxicity; Injuries; Acclimatization; Stressresponse
Abstract:  Cell suspension cultures were established from shoot explants ofmature trees of Acer pseudoplatanus L. (sycamore) at a site contaminated byaerial deposition of copper and cadmium from metal processing industry, andfrom the same species at uncontaminated sites. The responses of cell culturesto elevated metal concentrations in growth media differed markedly accordingto site of origin. Both Cu and Cd, applied singly at concentrations of 10-15mg l-1 inhibited growth and were toxic to cultures originating from theuncontaminated sites, but not to cultures from the contaminated site. Thismetal tolerance trait in the cultures from the contaminated site was stablethrough repeated sub-culturing. It could also be induced in one cultureoriginating from the reference uncontaminated site, by gradually exposing theculture to increasing concentrations of Cu. A reduced level of metal removalfrom the media was found in tolerant cultures, compared to non-tolerantcultures. The results of these experiments demonstrate the occurrence of analteration of gene expression in response to pollution stress, suggesting thatmetal tolerance may be induced within shoot meristems in vivo. It alsorepresents the first example of non-mycorrhizal adaptation to metal toxicityidentified in woody plants.
3                                                     NAL Call. No.: QK725.I43Accumulation of toxic metal ions on cell walls of Datura innoxia suspensioncell cultures.Jackson, P.J.; Anderson, W.L.; DeWitt, J.G.; Ke, H.Y.D.; Kuske, C.R.;Moncrief, R.M.; Rayson, G.D.Columbia, MD : Tissue Culture Association, c1991-; 1993 Oct.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant : journal of the TissueCulture Association v. 29P (4): p. 220-226; 1993 Oct.  Paper presented at the"Session-in-Depth Bioremediation through Biotechnological Means" at the 1993Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture, June 5-9, 1993, San Diego, California.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Datura fastuosa; Metal ions; Adsorption; Cell walls; Cellsuspensions; Bioremediation
4                                                    NAL Call. No.: QH442.A1G4Actinomycetes as agents of biodegradation in the environment--a review.McCarthy, A.J.; Williams, S.T.Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1992.Gene v. 115 (1/2): p. 189-192; 1992.  Paper presented at the "EighthInternational Symposium on Biology of Actinomycetes," August 11-16, 1991,Madison, Wisconsin.  Literature review.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Actinomycetales; Soil bacteria; Carbon cycle; Cycling; Microbialdegradation; Lignocellulose; Ligninolytic microorganisms; Lignocellulosicwastes; Composting; Recombinant  DNA; Literature reviews; Genetic engineering
Abstract:  The diversity of form in the Actinomycetales is well-recognised,due to the sustained generation of environmental isolates for pharmaceuticalscreening. Actinomycetes isolated from soil and related substrates showprimary biodegradative activity, secreting a range of extracellular enzymesand exhibiting the capacity to metabolise recalcitrant molecules. Compostingis one process which relies heavily on such prolific actinomycete activity.Amongst actinomycetes in soil, there are examples of different strategies,from cycles of rapid proliferation and sporulation to the maintenance ofpopulations by prolonged slow growth and scavenging, and the evidence for thisis examined. The mechanisms of lignocellulose degradation by actinomycetes arediscussed in relation to functional conservation within the group, andcorrelations with those described in other bacteria and fungi.
5                                                      NAL Call. No.: QR53.B56Aerobic metabolism of pentachlorophenol by spent sawdust culture of "Shiitake"mushroom (Lentinus edodes) in soil.Okeke, B.C.; Smith, J.E.; Paterson, A.; Watson-Craik, I.A.Middlesex : Science and Technology Letters; 1993 Oct.Biotechnology letters v. 15 (10): p. 1077-1080; 1993 Oct.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Lentinula edodes; Mycelium; Pentachlorophenol; Bioremediation;Soil pollution; Mushroom compost; Hydrogen peroxide
Abstract:  Spent sawdust cultures of the Shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes)metabolised pentachlorophenol in soil to a significant (P < 0.05) extent with60.5, 57.3 and 44.4% disappearance recorded for strains LE2, 866 and R26,respectively. Addition of H2O2 markedly enhanced pentachlorophenol metabolism.Analysis of metabolites by GC/MS showed that pentachloroanisole was ametabolic product. These results suggest that there is potential forcommercial application in bioremediation.
6                                                   NAL Call. No.: QR97.X46B56Aerobic, phenol-induced TCE degradation in completely mixed,continuous-culture reactors.Coyle, C.G.; Parkin, G.F.; Gibson, D.T.Dordrecht, Netherlands ; Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990-; 1993.Biodegradation v. 4 (1): p. 59-69; 1993.  Special Issue: SubstrateInteractions.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Trichloroethylene; Microbial degradation; Volatile compounds;Drinking water; Groundwater pollution; Pseudomonas putida; Aerobic treatment;Cultures; Bioreactors; Substrates; Glucose; Acetates; Phenol; Bioremediation
7                                                   NAL Call. No.: QH442.G4522Agri-diagnostics to market biotech-based, fast field analysis system to testfor gasoline contamination.Crouse, G.Washington, D.C. : King Pub. Group; 1992 Aug25.Biotech daily v. 1 (11): p. 4; 1992 Aug25.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Immunoassay; Polluted soils; Polluted water; Biotechnology
8                                                   NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J62Anaerobic remediation of dinoseb from contaminated soil: an on-sitedemonstration--scientific note.Roberts, D.J.; Kaake, R.H.; Funk, S.B.; Crawford, D.L.; Crawford, R.L.Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press; 1993.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology v. 39/40: p. 781-789; 1993.  Paperpresented at the Fourteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicalsheld May 11-15, 1992, Gathinburg, Tennessee.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Idaho; Cabt; Dinoseb; Herbicide residues; Polluted soils; Soilpollution; Bioremediation; Anaerobic treatment; Anaerobic conditions; Starch;Nutrient availability; Microbial degradation
9                                                       NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45Applicability of biological processes for treatment of soils.Eckenfelder, W.W. Jr; Norris, R.D.Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1993.ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (518): p. 138-158; 1993.  Inthe series analytic: Emerging technologies for hazardous waste management III/ edited by D.W. Tedder and F.G. Pohland.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Waste water treatment; Soil pollution; Biodegradation;Groundwater; Application to land; Bioremediation
Abstract:  Biological processes are used to treat excavated soils, saturatedand unsaturated soils in situ, and recovered groundwater. Application of thesetechnologies utilizes the experience gained from waste water treatment andvarious soils and groundwater remediation methods. These processes canincorporate physical removal along with biooxidation. Site conditions andcontaminant properties determine which, if any, biological treatment processis appropriate for a given site. This chapter is an introductory summary ofthese biological processes.
10                                                  NAL Call. No.: TP248.2.B46Application of oxygen microbubbles for in situ biodegradation ofp-xylene-contaminated groundwater in a soil column.Jenkins, K.B.; Michelsen, D.L.; Novak, J.T.New York, N.Y. : American Institute of Chemical Engineers; 1993 Jul.Biotechnology progress v. 9 (4): p. 394-400; 1993 Jul.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas putida; Bioremediation; Microbial degradation;Xylene; Groundwater pollution; Bioreactors; Soil; Oxygen; Groundwater;Aerobiosis; Ferrous ions
Abstract:  In situ biodegradation of p-xylene was studied in a 7-cm (2.75-in.)soil column using oxygen microbubbles to supply the electron acceptor.Pseudomonas putida continuously degraded p-xylene below detectable limitsuntil the oxygen supply was exhausted. Retention time in the biodegradationzone was approximately 45 min. Vent losses claimed 5-10% of the injectedoxygen, with 71-82% being utilized. The pressure drops resulting fromincreased biomass showed a slight increase over the first few days followed bya gradual decline, indicating that the biomass will not plug the soil matrixunder the conditions of this test. The addition of ferrous iron in the feedand its subsequent oxidation to ferric hydroxide did not affectbiodegradation, nor did it cause appreciable soil plugging. In order toprecipitate the ferrous iron before it reached the microbubbles, anair-sparging section was added. This resulted in volatilization of p-xylenewith very little ferrous oxidation until the groundwater reached the oxygenmicrobubbles.
11                                         NAL Call. No.: TP248.65.E59T47 1991Applications of controlled pore inert materials as immobilizing surfaces formicrobial consortia in wastewater treatment.Portier, R.J.New York : Plenum Press; 1991.Applications of enzyme biotechnology / edited by Jeffery W. Kelly and ThomasO. Baldwin. p. 153-163; 1991. (Industry-university cooperative chemistryprogram symposia).  Paper presented at the Texas A&M University IUCCP NinthAnnual Symposium, March 18-21, 1991, College Station, Texas.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas; Arthrobacter; Aspergillus niger; Biologicaltreatment; Waste water treatment; Microbial degradation; Bioremediation;Aldrin; Malathion; Groundwater pollution; Insecticide residues; Sugar factorywaste; Molasses; Factory effluents; Sucrose; Fermentation
12                                         NAL Call. No.: TP248.65.E59T47 1991Applications of molecular biology techniques to the remediation of hazardouswaste.Ensley, B.D.New York : Plenum Press; 1991.Applications of enzyme biotechnology / edited by Jeffery W. Kelly and ThomasO. Baldwin. p. 181-190; 1991. (Industry-university cooperative chemistryprogram symposia).  Paper presented at the Texas A&M University IUCCP NinthAnnual Symposium, March 18-21, 1991, College Station, Texas.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Metabolic detoxification; Organiccompounds; Wastes; Biological treatment; Bioremediation; Molecular biology;Molecular genetics; Recombinant  DNA; Genetic engineering; Microbialdegradation
13                                            NAL Call. No.: SB123.57.I55 1992Bacterial detoxification of mercury in sediment microcosms.Rochelle, P.A.; Olson, B.H.Braunschweig, Germany : Biologische Bundesanstalt fur Land- undForstwirtschaft; 1992.Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on the Biosafety Results ofField Tests of Genetically Modified Plants and Microorganisms : May 11-14,1992, Goslar, Germany : edited by R. Casper and J. Landsmann. p. 149-152;1992.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Mercury; Groundwater pollution; Decontamination; Bacteria;Biotechnology
14                                                  NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6Bacterial transport through homogeneous soil.Gannon, J.T.; Mingelgrin, U.; Alexander, M.; Wagenet, R.J.Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (12): p. 1155-1160; 1991.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil bacteria; Introduced species; Strains; Loam soils; Movementin soil; Downward movement; Adsorption; Macropore flow; Soil mechanics;Infiltration; Pore size; Saturated conditions; Spatial distribution; Soilpollution; Groundwater pollution; Microbial degradation; Pollutants; Benzene;Toluene; Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Abstract:  The transport of microorganisms in soils is of major importance forbioremediation of subsurface polluted zones and for pollution of groundwaterwith pathogens. A procedure for evaluating the relative mobility and recoveryof bacteria in the soil matrix was developed. In the method devised, movementof bacteria along the walls of the column of soil and channeling wereprevented. Changes in population size during the test period were minimalbecause temperatures of 2-5 degrees C were maintained and predators andparasites were eliminated by 60(Co) irradiation. The 19 strains of bacteriatested had markedly different degrees of transport. From 0.01 to 15% of theadded cells passed through a 5-cm long column of Kendaia loam with four porevolumes of water and from 4.3% to essentially all of the added bacteria wererecovered. The marked differences in the mobilities of the various bacteriaand the high recoveries of most of the isolates suggested that the proceduredeveloped is a useful means for selecting bacteria according to theirmobilities in soils, aquifer materials, and other porous media.
15                                                    NAL Call. No.: 381 J8224Batch cultivation of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. I. Production of solublemethane monooxygenase.Park, S.; Hanna, M.L.; Taylor, R.T.; Droege, M.W.New York, N.Y. : John Wiley & Sons; 1991 Aug05.Biotechnology and bioengineering v. 38 (4): p. 423-433; 1991 Aug05.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Methanobacterium; Methane; Oxygenases; Biological production;Cell growth; Optimization
Abstract:  Methanotrophs have promising applications in bioremediation and inthe production of fuel-related chemicals due to their nonspecific enzyme,methane monooxygenase (MMO). The optimal conditions for cell growth andproduction of the soluble form of MMO (sMMO) were determined from batchcultivations of an obligatory methanotroph, Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b,in shake flasks and a 5-L bioreactor. It was confirmed that a copperdeficiency is essential for the formation of the cytoplasmic sMMO. Optimumcell growth without added copper was observed at pH 6.0-70, temperature of30-34 degrees C, and phosphate concentration of 10-40 mM. in the bioreactorexperiments, external CO2 addition eliminated the long lag period observed inthe absence of added CuSO4, i.e., prior to the exponential cell growth phase.When methane was continuously supplied, the profile of the cell growth showedtwo different phases depending on the availability of nitrate, an initial fastexponential growth phase (specific growth rate, micro = 0.08 h-1) and a laterslow growth phase (micro = 0.008 h-1). The cell density at the transition froma fast to a slow growth rate was proportional to the initial medium nitrateconcentration in the range 5-20 mM and cell yield was estimated to be 7.14 gdry cell wt/g N. Whole-cell sMMO activity remained essentially constantregardless of the growth rate until cell growth stopped. With an initialmedium iron concentration below 40 mM, an abrupt decrease in sMMO activity wasobserved. The lowered sMMO activity could be restored by supplying additionaliron to the bioreactor culture. Cell yield on iron was estimated to be 1.3 X10(3) g dry cell wt/g Fe.
16                                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J62Bench scale studies of the soil aeration process for bioremediation ofpetroleum hydrocarbons.Hinchee, R.E.; Arthur, M.Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press; 1991.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology v. 28/29: p. 901-915; 1991.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Hydrocarbons; Petroleum; Bioremediation
17                                                   NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1C7Beneficial effects of plants in the remediation of soil and groundwatercontaminated with organic materials.Shimp, J.F.; Tracy, J.C.; Davis, L.C.; Lee, E.; Huang, W.; Erickson, L.E.;Schnoor, J.L.Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press; 1993.Critical reviews in environmental science and technology v. 23 (1): p. 41-77;1993.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Plants; Bioremediation; Polluted soils; Soil pollution;Groundwater pollution; Polluted water; Pollutants; Biodegradation; Microbialdegradation; Soil flora; Rhizosphere; Literature reviews
18                                                  NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1E52Biodegradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes ingas-condensate-contaminated ground-water.Morgan, P.; Lewis, S.T.; Watkinson, R.J.Essex : Elsevier Applied Science; 1993.Environmental pollution v. 82 (2): p. 181-190; 1993.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Netherlands; Groundwater pollution; Benzene; Toluene; Xylene;Aromatic hydrocarbons; Biodegradation; Temperature; Organic matter; Inorganiccompounds; Dissolved oxygen; Anaerobic conditions; Microbial activities;Bioremediation
19                                                      NAL Call. No.: QR1.F44Biodegradation of phenanthrene in soil microcosms stimulated by an introducedAlcaligenes sp.Moller, J.; Ingvorsen, H.Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1993 Apr.FEMS microbiology letters - Federation of European Microbiological Societiesv. 102 (3/4): p. 271-278; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Alcaligenes; Phenanthrene; Soil pollution; Soil inoculation;Inoculum density; Moisture content; Microbial degradation; Bioremediation
Abstract:  A phenanthrene degrading strain of Alcaligenes sp. was isolatedfrom oil polluted soil. Addition of Alcaligenes sp. to soil microcosmssupplemented with phenanthrene (1 mg/g dry soil) resulted in degradation ofthe added phenanthrene within 11 days. The phenanthrene concentration declinedonly 12% in uninoculated soil during 42 days. The total phenanthrenedegradation potential of Alcaligenes sp. was 2.3 mg/g dry soil during a periodof 22 days. The amount of CO2 evolved during 22 days corresponded to theconversion of 91% of the degraded phenanthrene to CO2. The Alcaligenes sp.were not able to degrade phenanthrene in sterile soil. Polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs) are hazardous components of hydrocarbon mixtures such ascreosote and oil refinery waste, and are common pollution factors in soils andground waters. Although some decline in PAH content in soil due to abioticprocesses has been reported, most of the PAH degradation observed in pollutedsoils are accomplished by the microbial populations. The effects on themicrobial degradation of PAHs in soils by such factors as temperature,fertilization and sorption of the PABs to the soil have been investigated. Anapproach towards bioremediation of PAH contaminated soil with positive resultsis the combining of agricultural techniques such as tilling, irrigation andfertilization collectively known as landfarming, although higher molecularweight PAHs tend to persist in the soil.
20                                                    NAL Call. No.: QH540.M64Biodegradation of phenoxyacetic acid in soil by Pseudomonas putida PP0301(pR0103), a constitutive degrader of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate.Short, K.A.; King, R.J.; Seidler, R.J.; Olsen, R.H.Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992 Aug.Molecular ecology v. 1 (2): p. 89-94; 1992 Aug.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas putida; Genetic engineering; 2,4-d; Aromatic acids;Microbial degradation; Herbicide residues; Introduced species; Agriculturalsoils; Polluted soils; Soil pollution; Recombination
21                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by new isolates of whiterot fungi.Field, J.A.; Jong, E. de; Costa, G.F.; Bont, J.A.M. deWashington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1992 Jul.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 58 (7): p. 2219-2226; 1992 Jul.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Decay fungi; Strains; Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Coriolusversicolor; Bjerkandera adusta; Polyporus; Microbial degradation; Polycyclichydrocarbons; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Pollutants; Soil pollution; Sediment;Ligninolytic microorganisms
Abstract:  Eight rapid Poly R-478 dye-decolorizing isolates from TheNetherlands were screened in this study for the biodegradation of polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) supplied at 10 mg liter-1. Several well-knownligninolytic culture collection strains, Phanerochaete chrysosporiumBKM-F-1767, Trametes versicolor Paprican 52, and Bjerkandera adusta CBS 595.78were tested in parallel. All of the strains significantly removed anthracene,and nine of the strains significantly removed benzo[a]pyrene beyond thelimited losses observed in sterile liquid and HgCl2-poisoned fungus controls.One of the new isolates, Bjerkandera sp. strain Bos 55, was the best degraderof both anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene, removing 99.2 and 83.1% of thesecompounds after 28 days, respectively. Half of the strains, exemplified bystrains of the genera Bjerkandera and Phanerochaete, converted anthracene toanthraquinone, which was found to be a dead-end metabolite, in high yields.The extracellular fluids of selected strains were shown to be implicated inthis conversion. In contrast, four Trametes strains removed anthracene withoutsignificant accumulation of the quinone. The ability of Trametes strains todegrade anthraquinone was confirmed in this study. None of the strainsaccumulated PAH quinones during benzo[a]pyrene degradation. Biodegradation ofPAH by the various strains was highly correlated to the rate by which theydecolorized Poly R-478 dye, demonstrating that ligninolytic indicators areuseful in screening for promising PAH-degrading white rot fungal strains.
22                                                   NAL Call. No.: TP995.A1I5Biological treatment of groundwater, soils, and soil vapors contaminated withpetroleum hydrocarbons.Galaska, E.G.; Skladany, G.J.; Nyer, E.K.Chelsea, Mich. : Lewis Publishers; 1990.Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University (44th): p.11-21; 1990.  Meeting held on May 9-11, 1989, Purdue University, WestLafayette, Indiana.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Polluted soils; Petroleum; Petroleumhydrocarbons; Contamination; Biological treatment; Microbial degradation; Soilair; Biological fixed-film systems; Bacteria; Groundwater pollution; Benzene;Toluene; Xylene; Bioreactors
23                                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J62Bioremediating herbicide-contaminated soils.Dzantor, E.K.; Felsot, A.S.; Beck, M.J.Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press; 1993.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology v. 39/40: p. 621-630; 1993.  Paperpresented at the Fourteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicalsheld May 11-15, 1992, Gathinburg, Tennessee.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Alachlor; Atrazine; Metolachlor; Trifluralin; Herbicide residues;Soil pollution; Polluted soils; Bioremediation; Microbial degradation; Soilflora; Application to land
24                                                    NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72Bioremediation: a response to gross environmental abuse.Hamer, G.Cambridge : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1993 Aug.Trends in biotechnology v. 11 (8): p. 317-319; 1993 Aug.  In the specialissue: Bioremediation: technological and commercial issues in the biologicaldetoxification of polluted sites.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Industrial wastes; Pollution control; Bioremediation
25                                                       NAL Call. No.: QR1.F4Bioremediation and waste management.Bewley, R.J.F.Madison, Wis. : Science Tech Publishers; 1992.FEMS symposium - Federation of European Microbiological Societies (63): p.33-45; 1992.  In the series analytic: The release of genetically modifiedmicroorganisms--REGEM 2 / edited by D.E.S. Stewart-Tull and M. Sussman. Paperpresented at the "Symposium on the Release of Genetically ModifiedMicroorganisms--REGEM 2," August 29-31, 1991, Nottingham, UK.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Microorganisms; Pseudomonas putida; Pseudomonas fluorescens;Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Anaerobes; Genetic engineering; Pollutants;Microbial degradation; Bioremediation; Polluted soils; Soil pollution; Soilinoculation
26                                                   NAL Call. No.: GC1085.B55Bioremediation for marine oil spills.United States, Congress, Office of Technology AssessmentWashington, D.C. : Congress of the U.S., Office of Technology Assessment : Forsale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.,; 1991; Y 3.T 22/2:2 B 52/7.v, 31 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. (Background paper).  "May 1991"--P. [4] of cover."OTA-BP-O-70"--P. [4] of cover.  Includes bibliographical references.
Language:  English; English
Descriptors: Oil spills; Oil pollution of the sea; Environmentalbiotechnology; Environmental protection
27                                                   NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1E5Bioremediation in the rhizosphere.Anderson, T.A.; Guthrie, E.A.; Walton, B.T.Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1993 Dec.Environmental science & technology v. 27 (13): p. 2630-2637; 1993 Dec.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Organic compounds; Rhizosphere; Bioremediation;Microbial degradation
28                                                   NAL Call. No.: TP995.A1I5Bioremediation of ethanol and petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwaterusing a rotating biological contactor.Engelder, C.L.; Matson, S.A.Chelsea, Mich. : Lewis Publishers; 1991.Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University (45th): p.287-294; 1991.  Meeting held on May 8-10, 1990, Purdue University, WestLafayette, Indiana.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution; Ethanol; Petroleum hydrocarbons;Groundwater; Water purification; Biological treatment; Rotating biologicalcontactors
29                                                   NAL Call. No.: TP995.A1I5Bioremediation of former manufactured gas plant sites.Srivastava, V.J.; Kilbane, J.J.; Kelley, R.L.; Gauger, W.K.; Akin, C.; Hayes,T.D.; Linz, D.G.Chelsea, Mich. : Lewis Publishers; 1990.Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University (44th): p.49-60; 1990.  Meeting held on May 9-11, 1989, Purdue University, WestLafayette, Indiana.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Polluted soils; Industrial sites; Town gas; Gasproduction; Polycyclic hydrocarbons; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Microbialdegradation; Biological treatment; Soil bacteria; Reclamation
30                                                    NAL Call. No.: TD1040.B5Bioremediation of hazardous wastes.Biosystems Technology Development Program, United States, EnvironmentalProtection AgencyAda, OK : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,; 1990.vi, 58 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Dec. 1990.  EPA/600/9-90/041.  Includesbibliographical references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Hazardous wastes; Environmental biotechnology
31                                                    NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72Bioremediation of organic compounds--putting microbial metabolism to work.Bouwer, E.J.; Zehnder, A.J.B.Cambridge : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1993 Aug.Trends in biotechnology v. 11 (8): p. 360-367; 1993 Aug.  In the specialissue: Bioremediation: technological and commercial issues in the biologicaldetoxification of polluted sites.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Groundwater pollution; Pollutants; Organiccompounds; Pollution control; Microbial degradation; Bioremediation
Abstract:  Microorganisms can metabolize many aliphatic and aromatic organiccontaminants, either to obtain carbon and/or energy for growth, or asco-substrates, thus converting them to products such as carbon dioxide, water,chloride and biomass. These biotransformations can be exploited for treatmentof contaminated soils and ground water.
32                                                   NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil via in-vessel composting.Adenuga, A.O.; Johnson, J.H. Jr; Cannon, J.N.; Wan, L.Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992.Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association onWater Pollution Research and Control v. 26 (9/11): p. 2331-2334; 1992.  In theseries analytic: Water Quality International '92. Part 5 / edited by M.Suzuki, et.al. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Biennial Conference of theInternational Association on Water Pollution Research and Control held May24-30, 1992, Washington, D.C.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Pollutants; Polycyclic hydrocarbons; Aromatichydrocarbons; Biodegradation; Composting
33                                             NAL Call. No.: TD879.P4R57 1992Bioremediation of petroleum contaminated sites.Riser-Roberts, EveChelsea, Mich. : C.K. Smoley,; 1992.1 v. (various pagings) : ill., map ; 25 cm.  Includes bibliographicalreferences and index.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Oil pollution of soils; Oil pollution of water; Petroleum;Bioremediation
34                                                     NAL Call. No.: TD172.J6Bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil using vegetation: a microbialstudy.Lee, E.; Banks, M.K.New York, Marcel Dekker; 1993.Journal of environmental science and health: Part A: Environmental science andengineering v. A28 (10): p. 2187-2198; 1993.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Polluted soils; Petroleum; Contaminants; Pollutants; Rhizosphere;Microbial degradation; Microorganisms; Population density; Biological activityin soil; Bioremediation; Medicago sativa
35                                                  NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1E52Bioremediation of soil contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs): a review.Wilson, S.C.; Jones, K.C.Essex : Elsevier Applied Science; 1993.Environmental pollution v. 81 (3): p. 229-249; 1993.  Literature review.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Aromatic hydrocarbons; Contaminants; Bioremediation; Pollutedsoils; Literature reviews
36                                                     NAL Call. No.: 500 N484Bioremediation of soils contaminated with pentachlorophenol.Bajpai, R.; Banerji, S.New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1992.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 665: p. 423-434; 1992.  In theanalytic series: Biochemical engineering VII / edited by H. Pedersen, R.Mutharasan, and D. DiBiasio.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pentachlorophenol; Pesticide residues; Soil pollution;Biodegradation; Decontamination; Microorganisms; Photolysis
37                                                     NAL Call. No.: S590.A48Bioremediation of soils contaminated with selenium.Thompson-Eagle, E.T.; Frankenberger, W.T. JrNew York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1992.Advances in soil sciences. p. 261-310; 1992.  In the series analytic: Soilrestoration / edited by R. Lal and B.A. Stewart.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: California; Agricultural soils; Soil pollution; Contamination;Selenium; Cycling; Nutrient uptake; Transformation; Soil flora; Reclamation;Losses from soil systems
38                                                  NAL Call. No.: TD192.5.B58The Bioremediation report.COGNIS, Inc, King Communications Group IncSanta Rosa, CA : COGNIS, Inc.,; 1991-9999.The Bioremediation report. v. : ill. ; 28 cm; 1991-9999.  Description basedon: Vol. 1, no. 6 (June 1992); title from caption.  Vols. for <-Sept. 1992>issued by COGNIS, Inc.; <Apr. 1993-> by King Communications Group, Inc.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Bioremediation
39                                               NAL Call. No.: QH540.S8 no.51Biotechniques for air pollution abatement and odour control policiesproceedings of an international symposium, Maastricht, the Netherlands, 27-29October, 1991.Dragt, A. J.; Ham, J. vanVereniging Lucht (Netherlands)Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier,; 1992.xv, 457 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm. (Studies in environmental science ; 51).English and German.  Society for Clean Air in the Netherlands, VerenigingLucht.  Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Language:  English; German
Descriptors: Air quality management; Odor control; Bioremediation
40                                                  NAL Call. No.: TP248.3.A38Biotechnological reduction of CO2 emissions.Karube, I.; Takeuchi, T.; Barnes, D.J.Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer-Verlag; 1992.Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology (46): p. 63-79; 1992.  Inthe series analytic: Modern biochemical engineering / edited by T. Scheper.Literature review.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Algae; Photosynthesis; Carbon dioxide; Bioreactors; Airpollution; Biological treatment; Factory fumes; Literature reviews
Abstract:  Biotechnological fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is described as ameasure for reducing CO2 emissions. Photosynthesis by microalgae would providean efficient mechanism for the reduction of CO2, if well-designedphotobioreactors could be constructed for the intensive cultivations.Screening of microalgae which can grow well under high CO2 concentrationswould also be necessary in order to establish biotechnological CO2 reductionsystems. In addition, calcification and vegetation are discussed as mechanismsfor reducing CO2 emissions. Environmental monitoring is significantlyimportant for the understanding of global CO2 cycle, so that recentdevelopment in sensor technology are also described.
41                                              NAL Call. No.: 449.9 V58 Bd.80Biotechnologische In-situ-Sanierung kontaminierter Standorte internationalesFachgesprach in Langen, 11. und 12. Mai 1987  [Biotechnological in siturehabilitation of contaminated sites].Filip, Zdenek,Stuttgart ; New York : G. Fischer,; 1988.394 p. ; 21 cm. (Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- undLufthygiene ; 80).  Contributions in German and English.  Includesbibliographical references.
Language:  German; English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Water, Underground; Environmental biotechnology
42                                                  NAL Call. No.: TD192.5.B56Biotechnology and biodegradation.Kamely, Daphne; Chakrabarty, Ananda M.,_1938-; Omenn, Gilbert S.International Workshop on Biotechnology and Biodegradation 1989 : Lisbon,Portugal.Woodlands, Tex. : Portfolio Pub. Co. ; Houston : Gulf Pub. Co.,; 1990.xxiii, 504 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Advances in applied biotechnology series ; v.4).  Papers presented at the International Workshop on Biotechnology andBiodegradation, held in Lisbon, Portugal, June 1989.  Includes bibliographicalreferences and index.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Bioremediation; Biodegradation
43                                          NAL Call. No.: TP248.14.B5592 1993Biotechnology and environmental science molecular approaches.Mongkolsuk, S.; Lovett, P. S.; Trempy, J.New York : Plenum Press,; 1993.p. cm.  "Proceedings of an international conference on biotechnology andenvironmental science: molecular approaches, held August 21-24, 1990, inBangkok, Thailand"--T.p. verso.  Includes bibliographical references andindex.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Biotechnology; Bioremediation; Agricultural biotechnology;Microbial biotechnology
44                                                     NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6Biotechnology and hazardous waste treatment.Stroo, H.F.Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.Journal of environmental quality v. 21 (2): p. 167-175; 1992 Apr.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pesticides; Industrial wastes; Biological treatment;Biotechnology; Fungi; Microbial degradation
Abstract:  Despite considerable speculation and research on the potential forbiotechnology to improve the treatment of hazardous wastes, little progresshas been made to date in developing commercially available products andprocesses. This paper examines the current state of the art and the progressto date, as well as the barriers to biotechnological advances in hazardouswaste treatment. The potential applications of biotechnology are alsodiscussed, in terms of the contaminated matrix, the type of reactor technologyused and the types of compounds present. The most promising areas fortechnology development efforts are identified, as well as the critical issueswhich must be addressed in moving from laboratory-scale testing to thedevelopment of commercially-viable technologies.
45                                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3Biotechnology: bioremediation: January 1987-March 1992.Warmbrodt, R.D.; Wiggert, L.Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 May.Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, NationalAgricultural Library (U.S.). (92-47): 44 p.; 1992 May.  Updates QB 91-106.Bibliography.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Environment; Genetic engineering; Biotechnology; Bibliographies
46                                                      NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45Biotechnology in bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated sites.Karns, J.S.Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society, 1974-; 1992.ACS symposium series (510): p. 148-156; 1992.  In the series analytic:Pesticide Waste Management: technology and regulation / edited by J.B. Bourke,A.S. Felsot, T.J. Gilding, J.K. Jensen, J.N. Seiber.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pesticides; Contamination; Waste disposal sites; Bioremediation;Biotechnology; Microbial degradation; Waste treatment
47                                               NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B57Biotechnology in pesticide environmental research.Karns, J.S.; Mulbry, W.W.; Kearney, P.C.Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1986.Biotechnology for solving agricultural problems : invited papers presented ata symposium held May 5-9, 1985, at the Beltsville Agricultural ResearchCenter, Beltsville, Maryland. p. 339-354; 1986. (Beltsville symposia inagricultural research : 10 ;).  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Flavobacterium; Gracilicutes; Coumaphos; Carbofuran; Microbialdegradation
48                                                  NAL Call. No.: QR97.X46B56Biotechnology in the degradation and utilization of lignocellulose.Broda, P.Dordrecht, The Netherlands. : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992.Biodegradation v. 3 (2/3): p. 219-238; 1992.  In the Special Issue:Microorganisms to Combat Pollution / edited by E. Rosenberg. Paper presentedat an International Workshop on the "Use of Microorganisms to CombatPollution," May 10-18, 1992, Israel.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Lignocellulose; Cellulose; Enzymes; Biodegradation; Phanerochaetechrysosporium; Streptomyces; Gene expression; Lignin; Biotechnology; Wastage;Waste utilization
49                                                       NAL Call. No.: A00040Biotechnology's coming of age.Dutton, G.New York, N.Y. : Schnell Pub. Co. :.; 1992 May.Chemical business v. 14 (5): p. 19-21; 1992 May.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Pest resistance;Crops; Bacillus thuringiensis; Product development; Pesticides; Biodegradation
50                                                     NAL Call. No.: QR53.J68Bioventing soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.Hoeppel, R.E.; Hinchee, R.E.; Arthur, M.F.Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers on behalf of the Society forIndustrial Microbiology; 1991 Oct.Journal of industrial microbiology v. 8 (3): p. 141-146; 1991 Oct.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Petroleum hydrocarbons; Microbial degradation
Abstract:  Bioventing combines the capabilities of soil venting and enhancedbioremediation to cost-effectively remove light and middle distillatehydrocarbons from vadose zone soils and the groundwater table. Soil ventingremoves the more volatile fuel components from unsaturated soil and promotesaerobic biodegradation by driving large volumes of air into the subsurface. Intheory, air is several thousand times more effective than water in penetratingand aerating fuel-saturated and low permeability soil horizons. Aerobicmicrobial degradation can mitigate both residual and vapor phase hydrocarbonconcentrations. Soil venting is being evaluated at a number of U.S. militarysites contaminated with middle distillate fuels to determine its potential tostimulate in situ aerobic biodegradation and to develop techniques to promotein situ vapor phase degradation. In situ respirometric evaluations and fieldpilot studies at sites with varying soil conditions indicate that bioventingis a cost-effective method to treat soils contaminated with jet fuels anddiesel.
51                                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J62Carbon dioxide fixation by microalgae photosynthesis using actual flue gasdischarged from a boiler.Negoro, M.; Hamasaki, A.; Ikuta, Y.; Makita, T.; Hirayama, K.; Suzuki, S.Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press; 1993.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology v. 39/40: p. 643-653; 1993.  Paperpresented at the Fourteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicalsheld May 11-15, 1992, Gathinburg, Tennessee.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Chlorophyta; Bacillariophyta; Photosynthesis; Carbon dioxide;Biological treatment; Exhaust gases; Power industry
52                                                    NAL Call. No.: QH442.J69Cartapip: a biopulping product for control of pitch and resin acid problems inpulp mills.Farrell, R.L.; Blanchette, R.A.; Brush, T.S.; Hadar, Y.; Iverson, S.; Krisa,K.; Wendler, P.A.; Zimmerman, W.Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1993 Jul.Journal of Biotechnology v. 30 (1): p. 115-122; 1993 Jul.  In the specialissue: Lignin biodegradation and practical utilization / edited by C.V.Bruschi. Proceedings of the ICGEB Colloquium, June 27-30, 1990, Trieste,Italy.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Ophiostoma; Pitch; Resins; Microbial degradation; Industrialmicrobiology; Biotechnology; Wood chips; Blue stain; Biological competition;Wood pulp; Bleaching
53                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 J82Characterization of a flavobacterium glutathione S-transferase gene involvedin reductive dechlorination.Orser, C.S.; Dutton, J.; Lange, C.; Jablonski, P.; Xun, L.; Hargis, M.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 May.Journal of bacteriology v. 175 (9): p. 2640-2644; 1993 May.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Flavobacterium; Structural genes; Lyases; Glutathionetransferase; Nucleotide sequences; Amino acid sequences; Enzyme activity;Organochlorine compounds; Pentachlorophenol; Chemical reactions;Bioremediation; Microbial degradation; Soil pollution
Abstract:  The gene pcpC, encoding tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone (TeCH) reductivedehalogenase, was cloned from Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723 andsequenced. The gene was identified by hybridization with a degenerateoligonucleotide designed from the N-terminal sequence of the purified protein.An open reading frame of 747 nucleotides was found, which predicts atranslational product of 248 amino acids having a molecular weight of 28,263,which agrees favorably with the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis-determined molecular weight of 30,000 reported for thepurified protein. The predicted translational product of pcpC matched theN-terminal sequence of the purified protein exactly. From the nucleotidesequence, the protein appears to have a processed formylmethionyl. AnEscherichia coli pcpC overexpression clone was shown to producedichlorohydroquinone and trichlorohydroquinone from TeCH. Protein data basesearches grouped the predicted translational sequence of pcpC with twopreviously reported plant glutathione S-transferases but less significantlywith any of the mammalian glutathione S-transferases or theglutathione-utilizing, hydrolytic dechlorinating enzyme from Methylobacteriumsp. strain DM4.
54                                                  NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1E58Chemical and toxicological testing of composted explosives-contaminated soil.Griest, W.H.; Stewart, A.J.; Tyndall, R.L.; Caton, J.E.; Ho, C.H.; Ironside,K.S.; Caldwell, W.M.; Tan, E.Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1993 Jun.Environmental toxicology and chemistry v. 12 (6): p. 1105-1116; 1993 Jun.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Polluted soils; Explosives; Composting; Bioremediation;Ceriodaphnia dubia; Mortality; Mutagenicity; Military areas
55                                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J62Chemical interaction of flue gas components with the growth of Cyanidiumcaldarium: scientific note.Woodward, C.A.; MacInnis, J.M.; Lewis, S.N.; Greenbaum, E.Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press; 1992.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology v. 34/35: p. 819-826; 1992.  Paperpresented at the "Thirteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels andChemicals," May 6-10, 1991, Colorado Springs, Colorado.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Algae; Exhaust gases; Biological treatment; Carbon dioxide;Photosynthesis; Oxygen; Gas production; Bioreactors; Air pollution
56                                                    NAL Call. No.: S612.A753Cleopatra's bathwater: an informal introduction to the art and science ofbioremediation.Ausubel, K.Tucson, Ariz. : Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona; 1992.Arid lands newsletter v. 32: p. 2-4; 1992.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Arizona; Biotechnology; Water resources; Wetlands; Waste watertreatment; Marshes
57                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 J82Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of the Flavobacteriumpentachlorophenol-4-monooxygenase gene in Escherichia coli.Orser, C.S.; Lange, C.C.; Xun, L.; Zahrt, T.C.; Schneider, B.J.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jan.Journal of bacteriology v. 175 (2): p. 411-416; 1993 Jan.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Flavobacterium; Structural genes; Oxygenases; Cloning; Nucleotidesequences; Amino acid sequences; Gene expression; Genetic transformation;Escherichia coli; Pentachlorophenol; Microbial degradation; Enzyme activity;Chemical reactions
Abstract:  The pcpB gene of Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723 was cloned byusing a degenerate primer designed from the N-terminal sequence of thepurified enzyme. The nucleotide sequence of pcpB was determined and found toencode an open reading frame of 1,614 nucleotides, yielding a predictedtranslation product of 538 amino acids, in agreement with the estimated sizeof the purified protein analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis. The transcriptional start of pcpB was found to be 80 bpupstream of the translational start, and the transcript was found to beinduced in Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723 by the presence ofpentachlorophenol but to be constitutive in the Escherichia coli pcpB clone.DNA hybridizations with genomic DNAs from Arthrobacter sp. strain ATCC 33790and Pseudomonas sp. strain SR3 revealed a similar-size 3.0-kb EcoRI fragment,whereas there was no positive hybridization with genomic DNA from Rhodococcuschlorophenolicus. Cell extracts from an E. coli pcpB overexpression strain, aswell as the whole cells, were proficient in the dechlorination ofpentachlorophenol to tetrachlorohydroquinone. Protein data base comparisons ofthe predicted translation products revealed regions of homology with othermicrobial monooxygenases, including phenol-2-monooxygenase andtryptophan-2-monooxygenase.
58                                                    NAL Call. No.: 300.9 Am3Colley lecture: new technology to remediate wood treating sites.McGinnis, G.Stevensville, Md. : The Association; 1993.Proceedings, ... annual meeting of the American Wood-Preservers' Associationv. 88: p. 16-19; 1993.  Meeting held May 17-20, 1992, Washington, D.C.
Language:  English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Soil pollution; Groundwater pollution;Bioremediation; Wood; Treatment
59                                                       NAL Call. No.: QR1.F4Commercial use of microbial inocula containing live genetically modifiedmicroorganisms (GEMMOs).Harris, W.J.Madison, Wis. : Science Tech Publishers; 1992.FEMS symposium - Federation of European Microbiological Societies (63): p.85-92; 1992.  In the series analytic: The release of genetically modifiedmicroorganisms--REGEM 2 / edited by D.E.S. Stewart-Tull and M. Sussman. Paperpresented at the "Symposium on the Release of Genetically ModifiedMicroorganisms--REGEM 2," August 29-31, 1991, Nottingham, UK.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Microorganisms; Genetic engineering; Inoculum; Introducedspecies; Economic evaluation; Production economics; Microbial degradation;Pollutants; Bioremediation; Polluted soils; Microbial pesticides
60                                                      NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45Comparison of the effectiveness of emerging in situ technologies andtraditional ex situ treatment of solvent-contaminated soils.Just, S.R.; Stockwell, K.J.Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1993.ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (518): p. 238-277; 1993.  Inthe series analytic: Emerging technologies for hazardous waste management III/ edited by D.W. Tedder and F.G. Pohland.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Waste disposal; Solvents; Technology; Heattreatment; Extraction; Biodegradation; Flushing; Washing; Comparisons
Abstract:  This chapter examines the applicability of various treatmenttechnologies to the remediation of contaminated soils in light of the LandDisposal Restrictions (LDRs) which were fully implemented for F001-F005solvent contaminated wastes in November of 1990. Both traditional and emergingtechnologies are reviewed, including low temperature thermal treatment, radiofrequency heating, steam stripping, vacuum extraction, aeration, in-situbioremediation, and soil flushing/washing. In discussing the applicability ofeach technology, the feasibility, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, andperformance of the treatment methods are reviewed. The treatment of soilcontaminated with spent solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE) isemphasized, and cleanup levels achieved during studies of differenttechnologies are discussed. For some technologies, information concerningsolvent removal was limited, and the treatment of other contaminants issummarized. The chapter concludes with a comparison of the removalefficiencies attained through emerging in-situ technologies and moretraditional ex-situ treatment.
61                                                     NAL Call. No.: QR53.J68Composting of explosives and propellant contaminated soils under thermophilicand mesophilic conditions.Williams, R.T.; Ziegenfuss, P.S.; Sisk, W.E.Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Published by Elsevier Science Publishers onbehalf of the Society for Industrial Microbiology, c1986-; 1992 Feb.Journal of industrial microbiology v. 9 (2): p. 137-144; 1992 Feb.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Explosives; Contaminants; Composting;Bioremediation
Abstract:  Composting was investigated as a bioremediation technology forclean-up of sediments contaminated with explosives and propellants. Two fielddemonstrations were conducted, the first using 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT),octahydro-1;3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazocine (HMX),hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), andN-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (tetryl) contaminated sediment, and thesecond using nitrocellulose (NC) contaminated soil. Tests were conducted inthermophilic and mesophilic aerated static piles. Extractable TNT was reducedfrom 11840 mg/kg to 3 mg/kg, and NC from 13090 mg/kg to 16 mg/kg underthermophilic conditions. Under mesophilic conditions, TNT was reduced from 11190 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg. The thermophilic and mesophilic half-lives were 11.9and 21.9 days for TNT, 17.3 and 30.1 days for RDX, and 22.8 and 42.0 days forHMX, respectively. Known nitroaromatic transformation products increased inconcentration over the first several weeks of the test period, but decreasedto low concentrations thereafter.
62                                                     NAL Call. No.: GB651.N3Conserving microbial gene pools for sustainable development.Stevenson, R.E.Paris : Unesco; 1991.Nature and resources v. 27 (3): p. 37-42; 1991.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Biotechnology; Sustainability; Microorganisms; Genetic resources;Culture collections; Cultures; Preservation; Microbial degradation; Biologicaltreatment; Wastes; Technology transfer; International cooperation
63                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5Construction and characterization of heavy metal-resistanthaloaromatic-degrading Alcaligenes eutrophus strains.Springael, D.; Diels, L.; Hooyberghs, L.; Kreps, S.; Mergeay, M.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jan.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (1): p. 334-339; 1993 Jan.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Alcaligenes; Metal tolerance; Heavy metals; Microbialdegradation; 2,4-d; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Bioremediation; Geneticengineering; Plasmids; Genetic transformation
Abstract:  Alcaligenes eutrophus strains exhibiting both plasmid-borne heavymetal resistance and haloaromatic-degrading functions were obtained byintraspecific conjugation. The strains which we constructed expressedcatabolic and resistance markers together. Degradation of variouspolychlorinated biphenyl isomers and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)was observed in the presence of 1 mM nickel or 2 mM zinc, provided that themetal resistance determinant was present in the catabolizing strain. Suchstrains may be useful for decontamination of sites that are polluted with bothorganic compounds and heavy metals.
64                                             NAL Call. No.: TD879.P4C66 1992Contaminated soils diesel fuel contamination.Kostecki, Paul T.; Calabrese, Edward J.,Boca Raton : Lewis Publishers,; 1992.x, 227 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Association of American Railroads.  Includesbibliographical references and index.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Oil pollution of soils; Diesel fuels; Bioremediation
65                                                  NAL Call. No.: RA565.A1E54Contamination and restoration of groundwater aquifers.Piver, W.T.Research Triangle Park, N.C. : National Institute of Environmental HealthSciences; 1993 Apr.E.H.P. Environmental health perspectives v. 100: p. 237-247; 1993 Apr.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution; Drinking water; Aquifers; Agriculturalchemicals; Pollutants; Transport processes; Exposure; Bioremediation
66                                                    NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72Controlling environmental nitrogen through microbial metabolism.Cole, J.Cambridge : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1993 Aug.Trends in biotechnology v. 11 (8): p. 368-372; 1993 Aug.  In the specialissue: Bioremediation: technological and commercial issues in the biologicaldetoxification of polluted sites.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pollution control; Pollutants; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fixingbacteria; Denitrifying microorganisms; Bioremediation
Abstract:  The major sources of environmental nitrogen are the result ofprocess intensification by human activities such as the chemical synthesis ofnitrogenous fertilizers, internal-combustion engines, intensive farming andthe use of xenobiotic chemicals in industrial processes. Recent advances inthe biochemistry, genetics and ecology of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteriacan now be exploited in the control of environmental pollution from thesesources. However, frequently, biotreatment must be combined with physical andchemical processes to achieve satisfactory remediation.67                                                 NAL Call. No.: RA1270.P35A1                                                               NSURA1270.P35A1
Copper toxicity towards a pentachlorophenol-degrading flavobacterium sp.Wall, A.J.; Stratton, G.W.New York : Springer-Verlag, 1966-; 1994 Apr.Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 52 (4): p. 590-597;1994 Apr.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pentachlorophenol; Copper; Toxicity; Flavobacterium; Microbialdegradation; Growth; Bioremediation
68                                                   NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7Cross-flow ultrafiltration used in algal high rate oxidation pond treatment ofsaline organic effluents with the recovery of products of value.Rose, P.D.; Maart, B.A.; Phillips, T.D.; Tucker, S.L.; Cowan, A.K.; Rowswell,R.A.Oxford ; New York : Pergamon Press, c1981-; 1992.Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association onWater Pollution Research v. 25 (10): p. 319-327; 1992.  In the seriesanalytic: Mexico technology in wastewater management / edited by O.O. Hart andC.A. Buckley. Proceedings of the International Specialized Conference, March2-5, 1992, Cape Town, South Africa.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: South  Africa; Cabt; Tannery waste; Salinity; Waste watertreatment; Oxidation; Ponds; Dunaliella; Ultrafiltration; Algae; Biotechnology
69                                                    NAL Call. No.: 381 J8224Degradation kinetics of pentachlorophenol by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.Lin, J.E.; Wang, H.Y.; Hickey, R.F.New York, N.Y. : John Wiley & Sons; 1990 May.Biotechnology and bioengineering v. 35 (11): p. 1125-1134; 1990 May.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Ligninolytic microorganisms; Yeastextracts; Enzymes; Pentachlorophenol; Microbial degradation; Kinetics; Models
Abstract:  The extracellular enzymes and cell mass from the pregrownPhanerochaete chrysosporium cultures were used for the degradation of PCP. Theuse of both extracellular enzymes and cell mass resulted in extensivemineralization of PCP, while the action of only the crude extracellularenzymes led to the formation of a degradation intermediate (TCHD). A kineticmodel, which describes the relationship among PCP degradation, initial PCPconcentration, dosage of extracellular enzymes, and cell mass concentration,was developed. Based on this model, various effects of initial PCPconcentration, dosage of extracellular enzymes, and cell mass concentrationwere evaluated experimentally. It was found that when initial PCPconcentration is lower than 12 micromol/L, the model of a parallel-seriesfirst-order reaction is sufficient to describe the degradation process. PCPdisappearance and mineralization were enhanced by increasing either theextracellular enzyme concentration or the cell mass concentration. As high as70% of PCP mineralization could be obtained by using a higher dosage ofextracellular enzymes and cell mass. Various parameters of the kinetic modelwere determined and the model was verified experimentally. Simulation usingthis model provided the criteria needed to choose rational dosages ofextracellular enzymes and cell mass for the degradation of PCP. Data reportedallow some insight into the function of the extracellular enzymes and cellmass of P. chrysosporium in degradation processes of toxic pollutants andassist in the design and evaluation of practical bioremediation methods.
70                                                      NAL Call. No.: QR1.F44Degradation of Aroclor 1221 in soil by a hybrid pseudomonad.Havel, J.; Reineke, W.Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1993 Apr01.FEMS microbiology letters - Federation of European Microbiological Societiesv. 108 (2): p. 211-218; 1993 Apr01.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas cepacia; Soil bacteria; Hybrids; Polychlorinatedbiphenyls; Metabolites; Microbial degradation; Bioremediation; Soil pollution
Abstract:  The hybrid Pseudomonas cepacia strain JHR22 was tested for itsability to degrade Aroclor 1221 in soil. The influence of supplements-mineralsalts and trace elements-on the degradation was investigated. Disappearance ofAroclor 1221 congeners, occurrence of metabolites, and release of chloridewere measured under different conditions. After 45 days the hybrid organism,strain JHR22, was still present at high numbers in soil, independently ofwhether the soil had been sterilized prior to inoculation or not. There wasonly a minor difference in degradation efficiency between sterilized anduntreated soil with about 70% release of chloride when 10(7) cells/g soil wereinoculated. The whole hybrid pathway, originating from three differentstrains, was found to be stable under the conditions tested. Mineral salts didnot significantly affect the degradation rate or survival of the hybridstrain.
71                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5Degradation of azo dyes by the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaetechrysosporium.Spadaro, J.T.; Gold, M.H.; Renganathan, V.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1992 Aug.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 58 (8): p. 2397-2401; 1992 Aug.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Biodegradation; Mineralization; Dyes
Abstract:  Under nitrogen-limiting, secondary metabolic conditions, the whiterot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium extensively mineralized thespecifically 14C-ring-labeled azo dyes 4-phenylazophenol,4-phenylazo-2-methoxyphenol, Disperse Yellow 3[2-(4'-acetamidophenylazo)-4-methylphenol], 4-phenylazoaniline,N,N-dimethyl-4-phenylazoaniline, Disperse Orange 3[4-(4'-nitrophenylazo)-aniline], and Solvent Yellow 14(1-phenylazo-2-naphthol). Twelve days after addition to cultures, the dyes hadbeen mineralized 23.1 to 48.1%. Aromatic rings with substituents such ashydroxyl, amino, acetamido, or nitro functions were mineralized to a greaterextent than unsubstituted rings. Most of the dyes were degraded extensivelyonly under nitrogen-limiting, ligninolytic conditions. However,4-phenylazo-[U-14C]phenol and 4-phenylazo-[U-14C]2-methoxyphenol weremineralized to a lesser extent under nitrogen-sufficient, nonligninolyticconditions as well. These results suggest that P. chrysosporium has potentialapplications for the cleanup of textile mill effluents and for thebioremediation of dye-contaminated soil.
72                                                 NAL Call. No.: TP248.13.B55Degradation of halogenated hydrocarbons.Wilson, J.T.Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Gustav Fischer; 1988.Biotec (2): p. 75-77; 1988.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution; Halogenated hydrocarbons; Microbialdegradation; Aquifers; Biological treatment; Bioreactors
73                                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J62Degradation of munition wastes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.Sublette, K.L.; Ganapathy, E.V.; Schwartz, S.Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press; 1992.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology v. 34/35: p. 709-723; 1992.  Paperpresented at the "Thirteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels andChemicals," May 6-10, 1991, Colorado Springs, Colorado.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Microbial degradation; Biologicaltreatment; Waste water treatment; Waste water; Explosives; Rotating biologicalcontactors
74                                                     NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8Degradation of pesticides by micro-organisms and the potential for geneticmanipulation.Mulbry, W.; Kearney, P.C.Guildford : Butterworths; 1991 Oct.Crop protection v. 10 (5): p. 334-346; 1991 Oct.  Literature review.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pentachlorophenol; Organophosphate insecticides; Triazineherbicides; 2,4-d; 2,4,5-t; Carbamate pesticides; Microbial degradation;Metabolic detoxification; Pesticide residues; Biochemical pathways; Enzymeactivity; Genetic regulation; Microorganisms; Genes; Genetic engineering;Waste treatment; Literature reviews
75                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 Ap5Degradation of trichloroethylene by Pseudomonas cepacia G4 and theconstitutive mutant strain G4 5223 PR1 in aquifer microcosms.Krumme, M.L.; Timmis, K.N.; Dwyer, D.F.Washington : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Aug.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (8): p. 2746-2749; 1993 Aug.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas cepacia; Trichloroethylene; Microbial degradation;Oxygenases; Enzyme activity; Groundwater pollution; Aquifers; Groundwater;Bioremediation
Abstract:  Pseudomonas cepacia G4 degrades trichloroethylene (TCE) via adegradation pathway for aromatic compounds which is induced by substrates suchas phenol and tryptophan. P. cepacia G4 5223 PR1 (PR1) is a Tn5 insertionmutant which constitutively expresses the toluene ortho-monooxygenaseresponsible for TCE degradation. In groundwater microcosms, phenol-inducedstrain G4 and noninduced strain PR1 degraded TCE (20 and 50 micromolar) tonondetectable levels (<0.1 micromolar) within 24 h at densities of 100 cellsper ml; at lower densities, degradation of TCE was not observed after 48 h. Inaquifer sediment microcosms, TCE was reduced from 60 to <0.1 micromolar within24 h at 5 X 10(8) PR1 organisms per g (wet weight) of sediment and from 60 to26 micromolar over a period of 10 weeks at 5 X 10(7) PR1 organisms per g.Viable G4 and PR1 cells decreased from approximately 10(7) to 10(4) per g overthe 10-week period.
76                                                     NAL Call. No.: QH540.S8Detoxification of phenol polluted soil by some Nocardia and Basidomycetes.Malarczyk, E.; Lewicka-Krol, Z.; Kochmanska-Rdest, J.; Apalovic, R.;Staszczak, M.; Leonowicz, A.New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc; 1991.Studies in environmental science (42): p. 209-214; 1991.  In the seriesanalytic: Environmental biotechnology / edited by A. Blazej and V. Privarova.Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biotechnology, June 27-29, 1990,Bratislava, Czechoslovakia.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Nocardia; Pleurotus ostreatus; Inonotus; Coriolus versicolor;Microbial degradation; Phenol; Metabolic detoxification; Soil pollution;Polluted soils; Sawdust; Wood dust; Soil amendments; Phytotoxicity; Avenasativa; Festuca rubra
77                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 Ap5Development of field application vectors for bioremediation of soilscontaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls.LaJoie, C.A.; Zylstra, G.J.; DeFlaun, M.F.; Strom, P.F.Washington : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jun.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (6): p. 1735-1741; 1993 Jun.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas; Gene transfer; Plasmid vectors; Genes;Polychlorinated biphenyls; Microbial degradation; Bioremediation; Pollutedsoils; Nonionic surfactants; Inoculum; Metabolism; Biphenyl; Recombinant  DNA
Abstract:  Field application vectors (FAVs), which are a combination of aselective substrate, a host, and a cloning vector, have been developed for thepurpose of expressing foreign genes in nonsterile, competitive environments inwhich the gene products provide no advantage to the host. Such gene productsare exemplified by the enzymes for the cometabolism of polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCBs) through the biphenyl degradation pathway. Attempts to usehighly competent PCB-cometabolizing strains in the environment in the absenceof biphenyl have not been successful, while the addition of biphenyl islimited by its human toxicity and low water solubility.Broad-substrate-specificity PCB-degradative genes (bphABC) were cloned from anaturally occurring isolate, Pseudomonas sp. strain ENV307, intobroad-host-range plasmid pRK293. The resulting PCB-degrading plasmids weretransferred to the FAV host Pseudomonas paucimobilis 1IGP4, which utilizes thenontoxic, water-soluble, nonionic surfactant Igepal CO-720 as a selectivegrowth substrate. Plasmid stability in the recombinant strains was determinedin the absence of antibiotic selection. PCB-degrading activity was determinedby resting cell assays. Treatment of contaminated soil (10, 100, or 1,000 ppmof Aroclor 1242) by surfactant amendment (1.0% [wt/wt]Igepal CO-720 in wetsoil) and inoculation with recombinant isolates of strain 1IGP4 (approximately4 X 10(6) cells per g of soil) resulted in degradation of many of theindividual PCB congeners in the absence of biphenyl. Further improvements,including the use of non-antibiotic-resistance cloning vectors, addition ofthe bphD gene, and chromosomal integration of the PCB-degradative genes, mayultimately result in FAVs useful for both reactor-contained and in situtreatment of the partially dechlorinated PCBs often found in contaminatedsoils and sediments.
78                                                   NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1E5Ecological engineering.Mitsch, W.J.Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1993 Mar.Environmental science & technology v. 27 (3): p. 438-445; 1993 Mar.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Environmental degradation; Pollution; Ecosystems; Natureconservation; Biotechnology
79                                                    NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72Ecology and evolution of microbial populations for bioremediation.Liu, S.; Suflita, J.M.Cambridge : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1993 Aug.Trends in biotechnology v. 11 (8): p. 344-352; 1993 Aug.  In the specialissue: Bioremediation: technological and commercial issues in the biologicaldetoxification of polluted sites.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Contaminants; Microbial degradation; Bioremediation;Microorganisms; Genetic variation; Ecology; Evolution; Physiology
Abstract:  Bioremediation exploits the genetic diversity and metabolicversatility of microorganisms for the transformation of contaminants intoless-harmful end-products, which are then integrated into naturalbiogeochemical cycles. Understanding the ecology, physiology and evolution ofdegradative microorganisms is critical for the successful consideration andimplementation of bioremediation. This article focuses on the commonecological and evolutionary constraints that influence bioremediationprocesses.
80                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5Effect of 2-hydroxybenzoate on the maintenance of naphthalene-degradingpseudomonads in seeded and unseeded soil.Ogunseitan, O.A.; Delgado, I.L.; Tsai, Y.L.; Olson, B.H.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1991 Oct.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 57 (10): p. 2873-2879; 1991 Oct.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas; Soil flora; Microbial degradation; Naphthalene;Phenolic acids; Salicylates; Catabolism; Gene expression; Structural genes;Induction; Population dynamics
Abstract:  The addition of specific nontoxic inducers of catabolic operons tocontaminated sites is an approach that may enhance the efficiency of in situbiodegradation. We determined the genetic response of six pseudomonads tosalicylate (also known as 2-hydroxybenzoate) added directly to 50 g ofnonsterile soil samples. The strains, isolated from a polyaromatichydrocarbon-contaminated soil, metabolized naphthalene as the sole source ofavailable carbon, and their DNA sequences show significant homology to thenahAB genes of the degradative plasmid NAH7. Duplicate nonsterile soilcultures were incubated for up to 30 days. Experimental soil cultures wereseeded with naphthalene-degrading strains (10(8) CFU g-1) originally isolatedfrom the soil and amended with salicylate (16 or 160 microgram g-1). Soilsamples were analyzed periodically for the population density of heterotrophicbacteria and naphthalene degraders and for the abundance of thenaphthalene-degradative genotype in the bacterial community. At 160 microgramg-1, salicylate sustained the density of naphthalene degraders at theintroduced density for 30 days in addition to producing a two- to sixfoldincrease in the occurrence in the bacterial community of DNA sequenceshomologous to the nah operon. No change in recoverable bacterial populationdensities was observed when soil samples were amended with 16 microgram ofsalicylate g-1, but this concentration of salicylate induced a significantincrease in the level of nah-related genes in the population.
81                                                       NAL Call. No.: QR1.E9Effect of a non-ionic surfactant added to the soil surface on thebiodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons within the soil.Aronstein, B.N.; Alexander, M.Berlin ; New York : Springer International, [1984?-; 1993 Jun.Applied microbiology and biotechnology v. 39 (3): p. 386-390; 1993 Jun.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil; Surfactants; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Biodegradation
Abstract:  A study was conducted to determine whether a non-ionic surfactant(Novel II 1412-56) added to the surface of Lima silt loam would enhance thebiodegradation of phenanthrene and biphenyl present within the soil. Watercontaining the surfactant at concentrations of 10 and 100 micrograms/ml waspumped through the soil. At 10 micrograms/ml, Novel II 1412-56 markedlyenhanced the rate and extent of phenanthrene mineralization and the extent butnot the initial rate of biphenyl mineralization. The stimulation was less ifthe water added to the soil surface contained 100 micrograms surfactant/ml.Addition of the surfactant at the two concentrations did not result inleachingof either phenanthrene or biphenyl, but products of the degradation were foundin the soil leachate with or without the surfactant. We suggest thatsurfactants at low concentrations may be useful for in-situ bioremediation ofsites contaminated with hydrophobic pollutants without causing movement of theparent compounds to ground-waters.
82                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5Effect of inoculant strain and organic matter content on kinetics of2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation in soil.Greer, L.E.; Shelton, D.R.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1992 May.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 58 (5): p. 1459-1465; 1992 May.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: 2,4-d; Microbial degradation; Soil bacteria; Strains; Kinetics;Substrates; Soil organic matter; Bioavailability; Soil pollution
Abstract:  We monitored rates of degradation of soluble and sorbed2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in low-organic-matter soil at fieldcapacity amended with 1, 10, or 100 microgram of 2,4-D per g of wet soil andinoculated with one of two bacterial strains (MI and 155) with similar maximumgrowth rates (micro(max)) but significantly different half-saturation growthconstants (Ks). Concentrations of soluble 2,4-D were determined by analyzingsamples of pore water pressed from soil, and concentrations of sorbed 2,4-Dwere determined by solvent extraction. Between 65 and 75% of the total 2,4-Dwas present in the soluble phase at equilibrium, resulting in soil solutionconcentrations of ca. 8, 60, and 600 microgram of 2,4-D per ml, respectively.Soluble 2,4-D was metabolized preferentially; this was followed by degradationof both sorbed (after desorption) and soluble 2,4-D. Rates of degradation werecomparable for the two strains at soil concentrations of 10 and 100 microgramof 2,4-D per g; however, at 1 microgram/g of soil, 2,4-D was metabolized morerapidly by the strain with the lower Ks value (strain MI). We also monitoredrates of biodegradation of soluble and sorbed 2,4-D in high-organic-mattersoil at field capacity amended with 100 microgram of 2,4-D per g of wet soiland inoculated with the low-Ks strain (strain MI). Ten percent of total 2,4-Dwas present in the soluble phase, resulting in a soil solution concentrationof ca. 30 microgram of 2,4-D per ml. Rates of degradation in thehigh-organic-matter soil were lower than in the low-organic-matter soil,presumably as a result of lower rates of desorption and microbial growth.
83                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5Effect of sodium chloride on transport of bacteria in a saturated aquifermaterial.Gannon, J.; Tan, Y.; Baveye, P.; Alexander, M.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1991 Sep.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 57 (9): p. 2497-2501; 1991 Sep.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Aquifers; Sand; Transport processes; Pseudomonas; Sodiumchloride; Flow; Velocity; Saturated conditions
Abstract:  Determinations were made of the influence of NaCl concentration,cell density, and flow velocity on the transport of Pseudomonas sp. strain KL2through columns of aquifer sand under saturated conditions. A pulse-typeboundary condition was used. The experiments were conducted by using0.3-m-long Plexiglas columns with an internal diameter of 0.05 m. When a 1-hpulse of a 0.01 M NaCl solution containing 10(8) cells per ml was added at aflow rate of 10(-4) m s-1, the bacterial density in the effluent neverexceeded 2.2% of the density of cells added, and only 1.5% of the bacteriapassed through the aquifer material. In contrast, when the bacteria wereapplied in distilled water, the relative cell density in the effluentapproached 100%, and 60% of the bacteria were transported through the aquifersolids. Under these conditions, the breakthrough of Pseudomonas sp. strain KL2was slower than chloride. When the flow rate was 2.0 X 10(-4) M S-1, the celldensity in the effluent reached 7.3% of that added in 0.01 M NaCl solution,but only 3.9% of the bacteria were transported through the aquifer particles.On the other hand, the density in the effluent approached 100% of that addedin deionized water, and 77% of the added bacteria were recovered. When thedensity of added cells was 10(9) cells per ml at a flow rate of 10(-4) M S-1,the densities in the effluent reached 70 and 100% of those added in saltsolution and deionized water, respectively, and 44 and 57% of the bacteriawere transported through the aquifer solids. Replacement of the NaCl solutionwith deionized water caused some of the retained cells to be carried throughthe column. We suggest that the movement of bacteria added to sandy aquifersfor bioremediation of contaminated sites may be promoted by modifying thechemical composition of the carrying solution.
84                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 Ap5Effect of treated-sewage contamination upon bacterial energy charge, adeninenucleotides, and DNA content in a sandy aquifer on Cape Cod.Metge, D.W.; Brooks, M.H.; Smith, R.L.; Harvey, R.W.Washington : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jul.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (7): p. 2304-2310; 1993 Jul.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Massachusetts; Cabt; Aquifers; Bacteria; Groundwater pollution;Sewage effluent; Sewage effluent disposal; Application to land; Dna; Adenosinephosphates; Energy content
Abstract:  Changes in adenylate energy charge (EC(A)) and in total adeninenucleotides (A(T)) and DNA content (both normalized to the abundance offree-living, groundwater bacteria) in response to carbon loading weredetermined for a laboratory-grown culture and for a contaminated aquifer. Thelatter study involved a 3-km-long transect through a contaminant plumeresulting from continued on-land discharge of secondary sewage to a shallow,sandy aquifer on Cape Cod, Mass. With the exception of the most contaminatedgroundwater immediately downgradient from the contaminant source, DNA andadenylate levels correlated strongly with bacterial abundance and decreasedexponentially with increasing distance downgradient. EC(A)s (0.53 to 0.60) andthe ratios of ATP to DNA (0.001 to 0.003) were consistently low, suggestingthat the unattached bacteria in this groundwater study are metabolicallystressed, despite any eutrophication that might have occurred. Elevated EC(A)s(up to 0.74) were observed in glucose-amended groundwater, confirming that themetabolic state of this microbial community could be altered. In general,per-bacterium DNA and ATP contents were approximately twofold higher in theplume than in surrounding groundwater, although EC(A) and per-bacterium levelsof A(T) differed little in the plume and the surrounding uncontaminatedgroundwater. However, per-bacterium levels of DNA and A(T) varied six- andthreefold, respectively, during a 6-h period of decreasing growth rate for anunidentified pseudomonad isolated from contaminated groundwater and grown inbatch culture. These data suggest that the DNA content of groundwater bacteriamay be more sensitive than their to the degree of carbon loading, which mayhave significant ramifications in the use of nucleic acids and adeninenucleotides for estimating the metabolic status of bacterial communitieswithin more highly contaminated aquifers.
85                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 Ap5Effects of medium and trace metals on kinetics of carbon tetrachloridetransformation by Pseudomonas sp. strain KC.Tatara, G.M.; Dybas, M.J.; Criddle, C.S.Washington : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jul.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (7): p. 2126-2121; 1993 Jul.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas; Carbon tetrachloride; Microbial degradation; Metalions; Copper; Ferric ions; Ph; Groundwater pollution; Aquifers; Groundwater;Bioremediation; Nutrient availability; Nitrate; Acetic acid
Abstract:  Under denitrifying conditions, Pseudomonas sp. strain KC transformscarbon tetrachloride (CT) to carbon dioxide via a complex but as yetundetermined mechanism. Transformation rates were first order with respect toCT concentration over the CT concentration range examined (O to 100microgram/liter) and proportional to protein concentration, givingpseudo-second-order kinetics overall. Addition of ferric iron (1 to 20micromolar) to an actively transforming culture inhibited CT transformation,and the degree of inhibition increased with increasing iron concentration. Byremoving iron from the trace metals solution or by removing iron-containingprecipitate from the growth medium, higher second-order rate coefficients wereobtained. Copper also plays a role in CT transformation. Copper was toxic atneutral pH. By adjusting the medium pH to 8.2, soluble iron and copper levelsdecreased as a precipitate formed, and CT transformation rates increased.However, cultures grown at high pH without any added trace copper (1micromolar) exhibited slower growth rates and greatly reduced rates of CTtransformation, indicating that copper is required for CT transformation. Theuse of pH adjustment to decrease iron solubility, to avoid copper toxicity,and to provide a selective advantage for strain KC was evaluated by using soilslurries and groundwater containing high levels of iron. In samples adjustedto pH 8.2 and inoculated with strain KC, CT disappeared rapidly in the absenceor presence of acetate or nitrate supplements. CT did not disappear inpH-adjusted controls that were not inoculated with strain KC.
86                                                    NAL Call. No.: 381 J8224Effects of nonionic surfactants on the solubilization and mineralization ofphenanthrene in soil-water systems.Laha, S.; Luthy, R.G.New York, N.Y. : John Wiley & Sons; 1992 Dec20.Biotechnology and bioengineering v. 40 (11): p. 1367-1380; 1992 Dec20.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Phenanthrene; Solubilization; Nonionic surfactants; Microbialdegradation; Mineralization; Silt loam soils; Soil flora
Abstract:  The solubilization and mineralization of 14C-phenanthrene insoil-water systems was examined with several commercially availablesurface-active agents, viz., an alkyl ethoxylate C12E4; two alkylphenolethoxylate surfactants: C8PE95 and C9PE10.5; two sorbitan ethoxylatesurfactants: the sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) and the sorbitan monooleate(Tween 80); two pairs of nonionic ethoxylate surfactant mixtures: C12E4/C12E23at a 1:1 ratio, and C12-15E3/C12-15E9 at a 1:3 ratio; and two surfactantspossessing relatively high critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and lowaggregation numbers: CHAPS and octylglucoside. Surface tension experimentswere performed to evaluate surfactant sorption onto soil and the surfactantdoses required to attain the CMC in the soil-water systems. Surfactantsolubilization of 14C-phenanthrene commenced with the onset of micellization.The addition of surface-active agents was observed not to be beneficial to themicrobial mineralization of phenanthrene in the soil-water systems and, forsupra-CMC surfactant doses, phenanthrene mineralization was completelyinhibited for all the surfactants tested. A comparison of solubilization,surface tension, and mineralization data confirms that the inhibitory effecton microbial degradation of phenanthrene is related to the CMC of thesurfactant in the presence of soil. Additional tests demonstrated the recoveryof mineralization upon dilution of the surfactant concentration to sub-CMClevels, and a relatively high exit rate for phenanthrene from micelles. Thesetests suggest that the inhibitory effect is probably related to a reversiblephysiological surfactant micelle-bacteria interaction, possibly throughpartial complexing or release of membrane material without disrupting membranelameilar structure. This study indicates that nonionic surfactantsolubilization of sorbed hydrophobic organic compounds from soil may not bebeneficial for the concomitant enhancement of soil bioremediation. Add
87                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene in oil tar-contaminated soilssupplemented with Phanerochaete chrysosporium.Brodkorb, T.B.; Legge, R.L.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1992 Sep.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 58 (9): p. 3117-3121; 1992 Sep.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Pollutants; Tars; Microbial degradation;Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Phenanthrene; Mineralization
Abstract:  In recent years, the white rot fungus Phanerocharte chrysosporiumhas shown promise as an organism suitable for the breakdown of a broadspectrum of environmental pollutants, including polynuclear aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs). The focus of this study was to determine whether P.chrysosporium could effectively operate in an actual field sample of oiltar-contaminated soil. The soil was loaded with [14C]phenanthrene to serve asa model compound representative of the PAHs. Soil with the native florapresent under static, aerobic conditions with buffering (pH 5.0 to 5.5)displayed full mineralization on the order of 20% in 21 days. The addition ofP. chrysosporium was synergistic, with full mineralization on the order of 38%in 21 days. In addition to full mineralization, there was an increase in theproportion of radiolabelled polar extractives, both soluble and bound, in thepresence of P. chrysosporium. From this study, it is apparent that the nativesoil microflora can be prompted into full mineralization of PAHs in somecontaminated soils and that this mineralization can be enhanced whensupplemented with the white rot fungus P. chrysosporium. With furtherrefinement, this system may prove an effective bioremediation technology forsoils contaminated with PAHs.
88                                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5Enhanced mineralization of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil inoculated withchlorobenzoate-degrading bacteria.Hickey, W.J.; Searles, D.B.; Focht, D.D.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Apr.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (4): p. 1194-1200; 1993 Apr.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas putida;Polychlorinated biphenyls; Microbial degradation; Mineralization; Soilinoculation; Organochlorine compounds; Bioremediation
Abstract:  An Altamont soil containing no measurable population ofchlorobenzoate utilizers was examined for the potential to enhancepolychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mineralization by inoculation withchlorobenzoate utilizers, a biphenyl utilizer, combinations of the twophysiological types, and chlorobiphenyl-mineralizing transconjugants. Biphenylwas added to all soils, and biodegradation of 14C-Aroclor 1242 was assessed bydisappearance of that substance and by production of 14CO2. Mineralization ofPCBs was consistently greatest (up to 25.5%) in soils inoculated withchlorobenzoate degraders alone. Mineralization was significantly lower insoils receiving all other treatments: PCB cometabolizer (10.7%);chlorobiphenyl mineralizers (8.7 and 14.9%); and mixed inocula of PCBcometabolizers and chlorobenzoate utilizers (11.4 and 18.0%). However, allinoculated soils had higher mineralization than did the uninoculated control(3.1%). PCB disappearance followed trends similar to that observed with themineralization data, with the greatest degradation occurring in soilsinoculated with the chlorobenzoate-degrading strains Pseudomonas aeruginosaJB2 and Pseudomonas putida P111 alone. While the mechanism by which theintroduction of chlorobenzoate degraders alone enhanced biodegradation of PCBscould not be elucidated, the possibility that chlorobenzoate inoculantsacquired the ability to metabolize biphenyl and possibly PCBs was explored.When strain JB2, which does not utilize biphenyl, was inoculated into soilcontaining biphenyl and Aroclor 1242, the frequency of isolates able toutilize biphenyl and 2,5-dichlorobenzoate increased progressively with timefrom 3.3 to 44.4% between 15 and 48 days, respectively. Since this soilcontained no measurable level of chlorobenzoate utilizers yet did contain apopulation of biphenyl utilizers, the possibility of genetic transfer betweenthe latter group and strain JB2 cannot be excluded.
89                                                     NAL Call. No.: TP1.J686Enhanced removal of selected hydrocarbons from soil by Pseudomonas aeruginosaUG2 biosurfactants and some chemical surfactants.Scheilbenbogen, K.; Zytner, R.G.; Lee, H.; Trevors, J.T.Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1994 Jan.Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology v. 59 (1): p. 53-59; 1994Jan.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Surfactants; Glycolipids; Bioremediation;Soil pollution; Polluted soils; Hydrocarbons; Sandy loam soils
90                                               NAL Call. No.: TD172.E55 v.41Environmental biotechnology for waste treatment.Sayler, Gary S.,_1949-; Fox, Robert; Blackburn, James W.,Symposium on Environmental Biotechnology: Moving from the Flask to the Field1990 : Knoxville, Tenn.New York : Plenum Press,; 1991.ix, 288 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. (Environmental science research ; v. 41)."Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Biotechnology: Moving from theFlask to the Field, held October 17-19, 1990, in Knoxville, Tennessee"--T.p.verso.  Includes bibliographical references and index.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Environmental biotechnology
91                                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J62Environmental influences on diethyl phthalate biodegradation kinetics.Reardon, K.F.; Zhang, G.Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press; 1992.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology v. 34/35: p. 753-765; 1992.  Paperpresented at the "Thirteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels andChemicals," May 6-10, 1991, Colorado Springs, Colorado.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil flora; Soil bacteria; Microbial degradation; Phthalates;Cell suspensions; Dissolved oxygen; Bioremediation; Temperature
92                                               NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45 no.509Environmental remediation removing organic and metal ion pollutants.Vandegrift, G. F._1945-; Reed, Donald Timothy,_1956-; Tasker, I. R.American Chemical Society, Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,American Chemical Society, Meeting_1991 :_Atlanta, Ga.)Washington, DC : American Chemical Society,; 1992.xii, 275 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (ACS Symposium series, 509).  Developed from asymposium sponsored by the Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,Inc., at the 201st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlanta,Georgia, April 14-19, 1991.  Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Water, Underground; Soil pollution; Separation (Technology);Bioremediation
93                                                     NAL Call. No.: QR53.B56An enzyme biotechnology for the total utilization of leather wastes.Dalev, P.G.; Simeonova, L.S.Middlesex : Science and Technology Letters; 1992 Jun.Biotechnology letters v. 14 (6): p. 531-534; 1992 Jun.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Leather waste; Waste utilization; Carrion; Animal proteins;Animal fat; Fractionation; Proteinases; Digestion; Biological production
Abstract:  The isolation of protein and fat fractions from a waste of theleather industry is discussed. This represents the main waste of leatherproduction and gives rise to problems of ecological and economical nature. Amiddle capacity factory deposits about 30 tons of the so called carrion, asource for the production of about 3 t useful products - protein and fat.
94                                                   NAL Call. No.: QH431.G452Field performance and heavy metal concentrations of transgenic flue-curedtobacco expressing a mammalian metallothionein-beta-glucuronidase gene fusion.Brandle, J.E.; Labbe, H.; Hattori, J.; Miki, B.L.Ottawa : National Research Council of Canada; 1993 Apr.Genome v. 36 (2): p. 255-260; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Transgenic plants; Genetic transformation;Recombinant  DNA; Metallothionein; Structural genes; Beta-glucuronidase;Reporter genes; Gene expression; Cadmium; Uptake; Leaves; Roots
Abstract:  Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential heavy metal that can cause acute andchronic illness in humans. Some plant species such as tobacco (Nicotianatabacum L.) tend to accumulate high levels of Cd in leaf tissue, the consumedportion of the plant. Tissue-specific expression of mammalian metallothioneinhas been suggested as a means of partitioning Cd in nonconsumed portions oftransgenic plants. The purpose of the experiment reported here was to evaluateCd concentration and agronomic performance of four field-grown transgenictobacco lines harbouring a metallothionein-beta-glucuronidase (MG) gene fusiondriven by the constitutive 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. The trialwas grown in a region of Canada known to have high background levels of Cd.The agronomic evaluation showed that some of the transgenic lines were equalto, while others performed more poorly than, the untransformed control foryield, days to flower, and leaf number. Gene expression measured bybeta-glucuronidase activity showed that all of the transgenic lines expressedthe MG gene in the upper portion of the plant. One line did not express the MGgene in the roots. Cd levels in the leaf tissue of transformed lines were notsignificantly different from the untransformed control.
95                                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J62Fungal degradation of organophosphorous insecticides.Bumpus, J.A.; Kakar, S.N.; Coleman, R.D.Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press; 1993.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology v. 39/40: p. 715-726; 1993.  Paperpresented at the Fourteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicalsheld May 11-15, 1992, Gathinburg, Tennessee.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Microbial degradation; Chlorpyrifos;Fonofos; Terbufos
96                                                     NAL Call. No.: QH540.S8The future of the lignocellulosic wastes bioconversion.Spilda, I.; Blazej, A.; Kosik, M.New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc; 1991.Studies in environmental science (42): p. 201-208; 1991.  In the seriesanalytic: Environmental biotechnology / edited by A. Blazej and V. Privarova.Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biotechnology, June 27-29, 1990,Bratislava, Czechoslovakia.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Lignocellulosic wastes; Lignocellulose; Cellulose digestion;Microbial degradation; Cellulolytic microorganisms; Xylose; Glucose;Fermentation; Fermentation products
97                                                    NAL Call. No.: 443.8 H42A general model for the genetic control of copper tolerance in Silenevulgaris: evidence from crosses between plants from different tolerantpopulations.Schat, H.; Kuiper, E.; Bookum, W.M. ten; Vooijs, R.Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1993 Feb.Heredity v. 70 (pt.2): p. 142-147; 1993 Feb.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Silene vulgaris; Major genes; Copper; Metal tolerance;Segregation; Crossing; Populations; Gene interaction; Modifiers;Heterogeneity; Roots; Growth rate; Crosses
Abstract:  Copper tolerance in Silene vulgaris seems to be controlled by twomajor genes. One segregates only in crosses to non-tolerants but never incrosses between tolerants originating from different isolated populations. Thesecond segregates only in crosses to plants from the most tolerant population.The level of tolerance in tolerant plants seems to be controlled by twoadditional genes, which are hypostatic to the first major gene. They segregatein crosses to non-tolerants but not in crosses between equally homozygoustolerant plants from different populations. It is argued that all the genesare involved in the control of an exclusion mechanism operating at theplasmalemma.
98                                            NAL Call. No.: SB123.57.I55 1992Genetic adaptation of bacteria towards chlorinated hydrocarbon degradation.Ploeg, J. van der; Pries, F.; Wijngaard, A. van den; Kennes, C.; Janssen, D.B.Braunschweig, Germany : Biologische Bundesanstalt fur Land- undForstwirtschaft; 1992.Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on the Biosafety Results ofField Tests of Genetically Modified Plants and Microorganisms : May 11-14,1992, Goslar, Germany : edited by R. Casper and J. Landsmann. p. 163-169;1992.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Bacteria; Genetic engineering; Microbial degradation; Chlorinatedhydrocarbons; Decontamination
99                                                    NAL Call. No.: QK725.I43Genetic improvement of tree species for remediation of hazardous wastes.Stomp, A.M.; Han, K.H.; Wilbert, S.; Gordon, M.P.Columbia, MD : Tissue Culture Association, c1991-; 1993 Oct.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant : journal of the TissueCulture Association v. 29P (4): p. 227-232; 1993 Oct.  Paper presented at the"Session-in-Depth Bioremediation through Biotechnological Means" at the 1993Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture, June 5-9, 1993, San Diego, California.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Trees; Forest trees; Tree breeding; Bioremediation; Pollutants;Uptake; Metabolic detoxification; Metal tolerance; Genetic engineering;Genetic transformation; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Soil pollution; Pollutedsoils
100                                             NAL Call. No.: TD426.G754 1992Groundwater remediation.Charbeneau, R. J.; Bedient, Philip B.,_1948; Loehr, Raymond C.Lancaster [Pa.] : Technomic Pub. Co.,; 1992.xi, 188 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Water quality management library ; v. 8).Includes bibliographical references and index.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Water, Underground; Soil pollution; Bioremediation
101                                                 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6Growth and biodegradation by white-rot fungi inoculated into soil.Morgan, P.; Lee, S.A.; Lewis, S.T.; Sheppard, A.N.; Watkinson, R.J.Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1993 Feb.Soil biology and biochemistry v. 25 (2): p. 279-287; 1993 Feb.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Chrysosporium; Coriolus versicolor;Decay fungi; 3,4-dichloroaniline; Benzopyrene; Mineralization; Microbialdegradation; Bioremediation; Polluted soils; Substrates; Carbon; Nutrientsources; Soil amendments; Soil pollution
Abstract:  The colonization of sandy loam soil following inoculation withspore suspensions of the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC24725 and Chrysosporium lignorum CL1 was confirmed by an epifluorescencemicroscopy-image analysis method. These fungi and Trametes versicolor PV1mineralized 3,4-dichloroaniline and benzo(a)pyrene in soil at concentrationsup to 250 microgram g-1. Successful inoculation and biodegradation requiredsupplementary carbon sources. Addition of inorganic nutrients had nostimulatory effect. Glucose, hay, wood chips, pine bark, loam and peat allpromoted growth and degradation but chopped wheat straw was the bestsubstrate. Increasing the content of straw in the soil led to increasedbiomass and mineralization. The optimum ratio of straw: soil formineralization was 1:4. Both strains sporulated within 7 days of inoculationbefore a further increase in hyphal growth but this had no effect on themineralization rate. These results indicate that use of white-rot fungi inbiotechnological soil treatment may be feasible.
102                                                    NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6Growth and trace element concentrations of five plant species grown in ahighly saline soil.Retana, J.; Parker, D.R.; Amrhein, C.; Page, A.L.Madison : American Society Of Agronomy,; 1993 Oct.Journal of environmental quality v. 22 (4): p. 805-811; 1993 Oct.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: California; Cabt; Grasses; Oryzopsis hymenoides; Astragalusracemosus; Salt tolerance; Boron; Metal tolerance; Genotypes; Heavy metals;Uptake; Electrical conductivity; Soil depth; Shoots; Yields; Bioremediation
Abstract:  Kesterson Reservoir and other impoundments in the San JoaquinValley, California, have received large volumes of saline irrigation drainagewater that is enriched with trace elements, including As, B, Mo, Se, U, and V.When these ponds are allowed to dry and revert to terrestrial ecosystems,careful soil water and vegetation management may be needed to preventtoxicological hazards to wildlife and/or livestock. We conducted a 248-dcolumn study in the greenhouse using a soil from Kesterson to assess thegrowth of salt- and B-tolerant genotypes, and to determine the uptake of As,B, Mo, Se, U, and V by these genotypes. Electrical conductivity decreased withsoil depth, from 14 to 5 dS m-1, with B, Mo, Se, and U concentrationsparalleling the soil salinity, whereas As and V were higher in the subsoil.Three grasses, alkali sacaton [Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr.], tallwheatgrass [Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub], Indian ricegrass [Oryzopsishymenoides (Roem & Schult.)], and two Se-accumulators, Astragalus bisulcatus(Hook.) and A. racemosus Pursh., were successfully established after apreplanting leaching treatment to reduce salts in the seed zone. Threecuttings of alkali sacaton and tall wheatgrass resulted in total shoot yieldsof 11.1 and 7.6 g per column, respectively, but only 0.8 for a single cuttingto the less salt- and B-tolerant Indian ricegrass. The slower-growing A.bisulcatus and A. racemosus yielded 3.8 and 4.4 g per column, respectively.Shoot concentrations of As, U, and V were low (< 3 mg kg-1) in all genotypes,and do not seem to pose food-chain transfer hazards at this site. Molybdenumand Se shoot concentrations of all genotypes exceeded the upper safe limitsfor consumption by ruminants, and shoot B concentrations were also high (> 60mg kg-1). Despite high soil solution SO4 concentrations, both Astragalusspecies accumulated Se to high concentrations in the shoots (ca. 650 mg kg-1),and shoot harvest removed the equivalent of 2 to 3.5 kg Se ha-1. Growth ofthese Se-accumulating species shows promise as a means of direct removal of Sefrom Se-contaminated sites and could become a component of effectiveremediation strategies.
103                                                   NAL Call. No.: TD426.J68Hydrogen peroxide use to increase oxidant capacity for in situ bioremediationof contaminated soils and aquifers: a review.Pardieck, D.L.; Bouwer, E.J.; Stone, A.T.Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Mar.Journal of contaminant hydrology v. 9 (3): p. 221-242; 1992 Mar.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Organic compounds; Aquifers; Pollutants;Biodegradation; Biological oxygen demand; Aerobiosis; Metabolism; Oxidation;Hydrogen peroxide; Groundwater pollution; Enzyme activity; Peroxidases;Reviews
104                                                   NAL Call. No.: 448.3 Ap5Hydroxylation and biodegradation of 6-methylquinoline by pseudomonads inaqueous and nonaqueous immobilized-cell bioreactors.Rothenburger, S.; Atlas, R.M.Washington : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jul.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (7): p. 2139-2144; 1993 Jul.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas putida; Quinoline; Derivatives; Quinolines; Microbialdegradation; Chemical reactions; Bioreactors; Immobilization; Bioremediation
Abstract:  Selective culturing of pseudomonads that could degrade quinolineled to enrichment cultures and pure cultures with expanded substrateutilization and transformation capabilities for substituted quinolines inimmobilized and batch cultures. Immobilized cells of the pseudomonad culturesrapidly transformed quinolines to hydroxyquinolines in bioreactors and wereable to tolerate higher substrate concentrations compared with batch cultures.After prolonged incubation on a mixture of quinoline and 6-methylquinoline, aquinoline-degrading culture of Pseudomonas putida developed the ability tobiodegrade 6-methylquinoline, which initially was resistant to microbialattack, as a sole source of carbon and energy. 6-Methylquinoline was alsodegraded in a nonaqueous solution by this strain of P. putida when a solutionof 6-methylquinoline in decane was flowed through an immobilized-cellfixed-bed bioreactor.
105                                                   NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72The impact of biochemistry, bioavailability and bioactivity on the selectionof bioremediation techniques.Blackburn, J.W.; Hafker, W.R.Cambridge : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1993 Aug.Trends in biotechnology v. 11 (8): p. 328-333; 1993 Aug.  In the specialissue: Bioremediation: technological and commercial issues in the biologicaldetoxification of polluted sites.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Soil treatment; Pollution control;Bioremediation; Techniques; Biochemistry; Biological activity in soil;Bioavailability
Abstract:  A wide range of bioremediation strategies is being developed totreat contaminated soils. Selecting the most appropriate strategy to treat aspecific site can be guided by considering three basic principles: theamenability of the pollutant to biological transformation to less toxicproducts (biochemistry); the accessibility of the contaminant tomicroorganisms (bioavailability); and the opportunity for optimization ofbiological activity (bioactivity).
106                                                   NAL Call. No.: 448.3 Ap5In situ growth and activity and modes of penetration of Escherichia coli inunconsolidated porous materials.Sharma, P.K.; McInerney, M.J.; Knapp, R.M.Washington : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Nov.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (11): p. 3686-3694; 1993 Nov.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Escherichia coli; Growth; Movement; Sand; Sandy soils;Mathematical models; Aquifers; Bioremediation; Pores; Pore size; Motility
Abstract:  Statistically reliable data on the in situ rates of growth,substrate consumption, and product formation are required to test the validityof the mathematical models developed for microbially enhanced oil recovery andin situ bioremediation processes. A simple, replicable porous-core system thatcould be aseptically divided into sections at various times was developed tofollow the kinetics of microbial growth and metabolism in situ. This coresystem was used to study the kinetics of growth and the mode of penetration ofstrains of Escherichia coli through anaerobic, nutrient-saturated, fine Ottawasand (permeability of 7.0 micrometers(2) and porosity of 37%) under staticconditions. The in situ rate of growth of a wild-type, motile, chemotacticstrain, RW262, was two times slower inside cores than it was in liquidcultures. The mode of metabolism of galactose by strain RW262 was not alteredinside cores, as acetate was the only product detected either inside the coresor in liquid cultures. Without applied advective force, strain RW262 grewexponentially and moved through cores at a rate of about 0.1 m/day. The cellpopulation moved through cores in a band-like fashion, as the front of themoving cells consisted of high cell concentrations (greater than 10(5) cellsper ml). Until the breakthrough of the cells occurred, galactose consumptionand acetate production were observed only in the proximal sections of thecore, showing that the cell propagation preceded the complete depletion of thesubstrate or the accumulation of large amounts of products. A motile,nonchemotactic strain of E. coli (RP5232) penetrated cores faster than did itschemotactic parental strain (RP437), which can be explained by differences intheir mode of growth inside the cores. Unlike the wild-type, chemotacticstrain RP437, which grew and moved through cores in a band-like fashion, cellsof the nonchemotactic strain moved through cores in a diffuse manner, as thefront of the moving cells consisted of low cell concentrations (10(3) cellsper ml). The appearance of nonchemotactic cells in a section of the core wasnot necessarily followed by an increase in cell concentration in that sectionwith time. For the nonmotile strain RP2912, a high cell density (10(7) cellsper ml) in a section of the core was observed before cells were detected inthe next section. This suggested that the transport of nonmotile cells throughporous material requires a high cell density and may occur by a physicaldisplacement process in which some of the progeny cells are forced into theless populated regions of the core.
107                                                  NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295In situ measurement of microbial activity and controls on microbial CO2production in the unsaturated zone.Wood, B.D.; Keller, C.K.; Johnstone, D.L.Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1993 Mar.Water resources research v. 29 (3): p. 647-659; 1993 Mar.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Washington; Saskatchewan; Carbon dioxide; Respiration; Microbialactivities; Biological activity in soil; Measurement; Subsurface layers; Soildepth; Soil temperature; Correlation; Seasonal fluctuations; Bioremediation
Abstract:  Carbon dioxide concentrations were measured at various depths andtimes in the unsaturated zones of two hydraulically and geochemicallycontrasting field sites, one in southeastern Washington state, and the otherin south central Saskatchewan. In situ CO2 production rates were calculatedfrom a mass balance that accounted for diffusive fluxes and partitioning ofCO2 into an adverting aqueous phase. Production rates were compared with (1)microbial abundance and (2) subsurface temperature to determine whethersubsurface CO2 production rates could be expressed as a simple function ofthese two variables. At the Washington site, subsurface production wassuccessfully expressed as a function of microbial abundance and temperaturefor a large portion of the year, but not near the end of the growing season.Although subsurface microbes and organic carbon were more abundant at theSaskatchewan site, subsurface CO2 production rates were generally severalorders of magnitude lower than at the Washington site, and no correlationcould be established between microbial numbers, temperature, and productionrate. The cases where production rates could not be expressed as a function ofmicrobial numbers and temperature suggested conditions in which some otherfactor, such as nutrient limitations, was controlling.
108                                                     NAL Call. No.: QR1.F44Increased expression of the plamsid-determined 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyldioxygenase gene in strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida andPseudomonas aeruginosa.Andreyeva, A.L.; Slepenkyn, A.V.; Starovoytov, I.I.Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1993 Jan15.FEMS microbiology letters - Federation of European Microbiological Societiesv. 106 (2): p. 211-216; 1993 Jan15.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas putida; Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Soil bacteria; Soil pollution; Biphenyl; Oxygenases; Plasmids; Cloning;Genetic transformation; Plasmid vectors; Gene expression
Abstract:  A 6.5-kb EcoRI fragment containing the gene encoding2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase from the plasmid pBS312 was cloned intobroad host range plasmid RSF1010 and expressed in Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The increasedexpression of the gene was orientation-dependent and probably due to thetranscription read through from the streptomycin promoter of the vector.Subcloning experiments of the PstI fragments of pBS312 plasmid using vectorpBR322 revealed that the bphC gene encoding 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenaseis localized on the 2.1-kb fragment. In Escherichia coli JM109, transformed bythe plasmid pBS314 carrying the 2.1-kb insert in orientation which allowedexpression of the bphC gene from the ampicillin promoter of pBR322, the enzymeactivity of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase was ten times higher than thatin parental strain Pseudomonas putida SU83. The results presented show thefirst case of the increased expression of Pseudomonas degradative gene inEscherichia coli.
109                                                   NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5Influence of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) concentration on the degradation ofTNT in explosive-contaminated soils by the white rot fungus Phanerochaetechrysosporium.Spiker, J.K.; Crawford, D.L.; Crawford, R.L.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1992 Sep.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 58 (9): p. 3199-3202; 1992 Sep.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Pollutants; Toluene; Explosives; Biodegradation;Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Abstract:  The ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to bioremediate TNT(2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) in a soil containing 12,000 ppm of TNT and theexplosives RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine; 3,000 ppm) and HMX(octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine; 300 ppm) was investigated.The fungus did not grow in malt extract broth containing more than 0.02%(wt/vol; 24 ppm of TNT) soil. Pure TNT or explosives extracted from the soilwere degraded by P. chrysosporium spore-inoculated cultures at TNTconcentrations of up to 20 ppm. Mycelium-inoculated cultures degraded 100 ppmof TNT, but further growth was inhibited above 20 ppm. In malt extract broth,spore-inoculated cultures mineralized 10% of added [14C]TNT (5 ppm) in 27 daysat 37 degrees C. No mineralization occurred during [14C]TNT biotransformationby mycelium-inoculated cultures, although the TNT was transformed.
110                                                 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6Influence of soil inoculum and redox potential on the degradation of severalpyridine derivatives.Kaiser, J.P.; Bollag, J.M.Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Apr.Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (4): p. 351-357; 1992 Apr.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Indiana; South Carolina; Soil flora; Microbial degradation;Pyridines; Derivatives; Transformation; Redox potential; Contaminants;Exposure; Enrichment; Polluted soils; Surface layers; Anaerobic conditions;Aerobic treatment; Biological activity in soil; Biochemical pathways; Oxygen;Nitrate; Sulfate; Reduction; Denitrification; Persistence; Contamination
Abstract:  The potential of four different soils to degrade several pyridinederivatives under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was investigated. There waslittle difference observed in the metabolic potential of unpolluted surfaceand unpolluted subsurface soils used as inocula from the same area. Underaerobic conditions, pyridine and hydroxylated pyridines were more rapidlytransformed than the methylated pyridine derivatives. Under anaerobicconditions, none of the methylated or hydroxylated pyridine derivatives wascompletely degraded in 3 months by the unpolluted soil inocula. In usingsurface and subsurface soils which had been exposed to these compounds forseveral decades, all pyridine derivatives tested were biotransformed within 2weeks in the presence of oxygen. However, under anaerobic conditions longerexposure was required. In the presence of sulfate, 3- and 4-picoline and 2-and 4-hydroxypyridine disappeared completely within 3 months when exposed tosubsurface soil. On the other hand, the dimethylated and trimethylatedpyridine derivatives were only partially transformed during this exposureperiod. Some of the heterocyclic compounds behaved quite differently whenexposed to soil in the presence of either nitrate or sulfate under anaerobicconditions, indicating that the available electron acceptor influences therate at which certain compounds are transformed.
111                                                   NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5Influence of the endogenous storage lipid poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate on thereducing power availability during cometabolism of trichloroethylene andnaphthalene by resting methanotrophic mixed cultures.Henrysson, T.; McCarty, P.L.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 May.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (5): p. 1602-1606; 1993 May.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Anaerobes; Trichloroethylene; Naphthalene; Oxidation; Microbialdegradation; Metabolism; Polyhydroxybutyrate; Oxygenases; Enzyme activity;Bioremediation; Groundwater pollution
Abstract:  The role of the storage lipid poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) intrichloroethylene transformation by methanotrophic mixed cultures wasinvestigated. Naphthalene oxidation rates were used to assay for solublemethane monooxygenase activity. The PHB content of methanotrophic cells grownin reactors varied diurnally as well as from day to day. A positivecorrelation between the amount of PHB in the cells and the naphthaleneoxidation rate as well as between PHB and the trichloroethylene transformationrate and capacity was found. Addition of beta-hydroxybutyrate increased thenaphthalene oxidation rates significantly. PHB content in cells could bemanipulated by incubation at different methane-to-nitrogen ratios. A positivecorrelation between the naphthalene oxidation rate and the PHB content afterthese incubations could be seen. Both the PHB content and the naphthaleneoxidation rates decreased with time in resting methanotrophic cells exposed tooxygen. However, this decrease in the naphthalene oxidation rate cannot beexplained by the decrease in the PHB content alone. Probably a deactivation ofthe methane monooxygenase itself is also involved.
112                                                   NAL Call. No.: 448.3 Ap5Initial-phase optimization for bioremediation of munitioncompound-contaminated soils.Funk, S.B.; Roberts, D.J.; Crawford, D.L.; Crawford, R.L.Washington : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jul.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (7): p. 2171-2177; 1993 Jul.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Explosives; Organic nitrogen compounds; Azines; Azo compounds;Soil pollution; Polluted soils; Bioremediation; Microbial degradation; Soilph; Anaerobic conditions; Mineralization
Abstract:  We examined the bioremediation of soils contaminated with themunition compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT),hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, andoctahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazocine by a procedure that producedanaerobic conditions in the soils and promoted the biodegradation ofnitroaromatic contaminants. This procedure consisted of flooding the soilswith 50 millimole phosphate buffer, adding starch as a supplemental carbonsubstrate, and incubating under static conditions. Aerobic heterotrophs,present naturally in the soil or added as an inoculum, quickly removed theoxygen from the static cultures, creating anaerobic conditions. Removal ofparent TNT molecules from the soil cultures by the strictly anaerobicmicroflora occurred within 4 days. The reduced intermediates formed from TNTand hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1, 3,5-triazine were removed from the cultureswithin 24 days, completing the first stage of remediation. The procedure waseffective over a range of incubation temperatures, 20 to 37 degrees C, and wasimproved when 25 millimole ammonium was added to cultures buffered with 50millimole potassium phosphate. Ammonium phosphate buffer (50 millimole),however, completely inhibited TNT reduction. The optimal pH for the firststage of remediation was between 6.5 and 7.0. When soils were incubated underaerobic conditions or under anaerobic conditions at alkaline pHs, the TNTbiodegradation intermediates polymerized. Polymerization was not observed atneutral to slightly acidic pHs under anaerobic conditions. Completion of thefirst stage of remediation of munition compound-contaminated soils resulted inaqueous supernatants that contained no munition residues or aminoaromaticcompounds.
113                                                 NAL Call. No.: QR97.X46B56Interactions of bacteria with cadmium.Ron, E.Z.; Minz, D.; Finkelstein, N.P.; Rosenberg, E.Dordrecht, The Netherlands. : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992.Biodegradation v. 3 (2/3): p. 161-170; 1992.  In the Special Issue:Microorganisms to Combat Pollution / edited by E. Rosenberg. Paper presentedat an International Workshop on the "Use of Microorganisms to CombatPollution," May 10-18, 1992, Israel.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Cadmium; Soil pollution; Water pollution; Bacteria; Strains;Bioremediation; Binding; Heavy metals; Biomass; Ph
114                                                   NAL Call. No.: QH301.I54International biodeterioration & biodegradation.Barking, Essex, England : Elsevier Science Publishers, c1992-; 1992-9999.v. : ill. ; 24 cm.  On t.p. ampersand is in background of title.
Language:  English; English
Descriptors: Biodegradation; Bioremediation
115                                             NAL Call. No.: TD192.5.I5 1991International symposium environmental biotechnology 22-25 April 1991,Oostende, Belguim.Verachtert, H.; Verstraete, W.European Environmental Research Organisation, Commission of the EuropeanCommunitiesBelguim : Koninklijke Vlaamse Ingenieursvereniging,; 1991.2 v. (722 p.) : ill. ; 30 cm.  Includes bibliographical references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Environmental biotechnology
116                                       NAL Call. No.: TP248.27.M53W672 1992Introduction to microbial biotechnology including hazardous waste treatment.Worne, Howard E.Greenbelt, Md. : Hazardous Materials Control Resources Institue,; 1992.x, 231 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 226-231).
Language:  English
Descriptors: Microbial biotechnology; Hazardous substances
117                                                 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 B5236Metabolism and detoxification of TNT by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.Stahl, J.D.; Aust, S.D.Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Apr30.Biochemical and biophysical research communications v. 192 (2): p. 477-482;1993 Apr30.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Mycelium; Toluene; Concentration;Toxicity; Metabolic detoxification; Reduction; Mineralization; Microbialdegradation; Nitrogen; Nutrient deficiencies; Lignin; Peroxidases;Ligninolytic microorganisms; Bioremediation
Abstract:  Several lines of evidence suggest that TNT detoxification byPhanerochaete chrysosporium is through reduction. Rates of TNT reduction weredirectly correlated with mycelial mass and TNT concentration. Toxicity wasinversely related to the amount of fungus. TNT toxicity was identical in bothligninolytic and nonligninolytic cultures. Rapid disappearance of the reducedmetabolites coincided with production of the manganese-dependent peroxidasesand mineralization of TNT was not observed until the lignin peroxidases weredetected.
118                                                   NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822Methods to assess the water quality impact of a restored riparian wetland.Vellidis, G.; Lowrance, R.; Smith, M.C.; Hubbard, R.K.Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America; 1993 May.Journal of soil and water conservation v. 48 (3): p. 223-230; 1993 May.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Georgia; Water pollution; Animal wastes; Bioremediation; Waterquality; Runoff; Riparian forests; Wetlands; Reclamation; Pollution control
119                                                NAL Call. No.: RA1270.P35A1Microbial abudance and degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons insoil.Mahmood, S.K.; Rao, P.R.New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1993 Apr.Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 50 (4): p. 486-491;1993 Apr.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Polycyclic hydrocarbons; Phenanthrene; Soilfungi; Soil bacteria; Microbial degradation; Bioremediation
120                                            NAL Call. No.: TD192.5.S63 1992Microbial control of pollution.Fry, John C.Society for General Microbiology. Symposium. 1992 : University of Cardiff)Cambridge [England] ; New York, NY, USA : Cambridge University Press,; 1992.xii, 343 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Forty-eighth Symposium of the Society for GeneralMicrobiology, held at the University of Cardiff, March 1992.  Published forthe Society of General Microbiology.  Includes bibliographical references andindex.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Environmental biotechnology
121                                                   NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5Microbial populations and hydrocarbon biodegradation potentials in fertilizedshoreline sediments affected by the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill.Lindstrom, J.E.; Prince, R.C.; Clark, J.C.; Grossman, M.J.; Yeager, T.R.;Braddock, J.F.; Brown, E.J.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1991 Sep.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 57 (9): p. 2514-2522; 1991 Sep.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Alaska; Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers; Microbial degradation;Oil spills; Hydrocarbons; Mineralization
Abstract:  The effort to clean up the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill in PrinceWilliam Sound, Alaska, included the use of fertilizers to accelerate naturalmicrobial degradation of stranded oil. A program to monitor variousenvironmental parameters associated with this technique took place during thesummer of 1990. Microbiological assays for numbers of heterotrophic andoil-degrading microbes and their hydrocarbon mineralization potentials wereperformed in support of this program. Fertilizer addition resulted in higherhexadecane and phenanthrene mineralization potentials on treated plots than onuntreated reference plots. Microbial numbers in treated and reference surfacesediments were not significantly different immediately after the firstnutrient application in May 1990. However, subsurface sediments from treatedplots had higher numbers of hydrocarbon degraders than did reference sedimentsshortly after treatment. The second application of fertilizer, later insummer, resulted in surface and subsurface increases in numbers of hydrocarbondegraders with respect to reference sediments at two of the three study sites.Elevated mineralization potentials, coupled with increased numbers ofhydrocarbon degraders, indicated that natural hydrocarbon biodegradation wasenhanced. However, these microbiological measurements alone are not sufficientto determine in situ rates of crude oil biodegradation.
122                                                    NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6Microbial release of 2,4-dichlorophenol bound to humic acid or incorporatedduring humification.Dec, J.; Shuttleworth, K.L.; Bollag, J.M.Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Jul.Journal of environmental quality v. 19 (3): p. 546-551; 1990 Jul.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Humic acids; 2,4-dichlorophenol; Pollutants; Soil flora;Microbial activities; Humification; Mineralization; Polymerization; Binding;Soil pollution; Bioremediation
Abstract:  The microbial release of 14C-labeled 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) boundto synthetic and natural humic materials or polymerized by enzymes wasinvestigated to evaluate the possibility of future adverse effects if bindingor polymerization is used for decontamination purposes. After 12 wk ofincubation with microorganisms obtained from a forest soil, the amounts ofsubstances released into the media were very small (maximum 2.2% of theinitially bound 14C) without regard to the kind of the polymer into which14C-DCP was incorporated. Most of the radioactivity (46.2 to 80.8%) remainedbound to the precipitated humic materials or in the DCP-polymer (90.1 to97.0%). Certain amounts of the released substances evolved in the form of14CO2 (1.0 to 9.4% from humic materials and 0 to 0.5% from a DCP-polymer). Therate of mineralization differed depending on the type of DCPbinding-surface-bound or incorporated during synthesis of humic acid-and onthe kind of polymer to which 14C-DCP was attached. The release into the mediaand 14CO2 evolution for synthetic and natural humic acids was essentially thesame. When only DCP was present in the growth medium, the formation of 14CO2was less than from a DCP-humic acid complex; this may indicate that 14CO2 froma DCP-humic acid complex originated mostly from DCP derivatives. The dataobtained for DCP did not provide any evidence for a delayed pollution problemassociated with polymerization or binding of xenobiotics to humic acids.
123                                                   NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72Microbial treatment of metal pollution--a working biotechnology?.Gadd, G.M.; White, C.Cambridge : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1993 Aug.Trends in biotechnology v. 11 (8): p. 353-359; 1993 Aug.  In the specialissue: Bioremediation: technological and commercial issues in the biologicaldetoxification of polluted sites.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Heavy metals; Pollutants; Radionuclides; Microbial activities;Treatment; Biotechnology; Pollution control
Abstract:  Some of the main processes that remove, immobilize or detoxifyheavy metals and radionuclides in the natural environment result frommicrobial activities. These activities can be harnessed to clean up toxicmetal wastes before they enter the wider environment. To date, the mostsuccessful biotechnological processes utilize biosorption andbioprecipitation, but other processes such as binding by specificmacromolecules may have future potential. Technologies using these processesare currently used to control pollution from diverse sources, includingsmelters and mine workings.
124                                                NAL Call. No.: TP248.13.C74Microbiological and biotechnological aspects of metabolism of carbamates andorganophosphates.Chapalamadugu, S.; Chaudhry, G.R.Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press; 1992.Critical reviews in biotechnology v. 12 (5/6): p. 357-389; 1992.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pesticide residues; Environmental degradation; Carbamatepesticides; Organophosphorus pesticides; Mineralization; Microbialdegradation; Metabolism; Biochemical pathways; Genetics; Genes
125                                                   NAL Call. No.: 448.3 Ap5Microcosm and in situ field studies of enhanced biotransformation oftrichloroethylene by phenol-utilizing microorganisms.Hopkins, G.D.; Semprini, L.; McCarty, P.L.Washington : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jul.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (7): p. 2277-2285; 1993 Jul.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Aerobes; Bacteria; Microbial degradation; Trichloroethylene;Phenol; Metabolism; Metabolites; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Bioremediation;Groundwater pollution; Aquifers; Toluene
Abstract:  The ability of different aerobic groundwater microorganisms tocometabolically degrade trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,2-cis-dichloroethylene(c-DCE), and 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene (t-DCE) was evaluated both ingroundwater-fed microcosms and in situ in a shallow aquifer. Microcosmsamended with phenol or toluene were equally effective in removing c-DCE (>90%) followed by TCE (60 to 70%), while the microcosm fed methane was mosteffective in removing t-DCE (> 90%). The microcosm fed ammonia was the leasteffective. None of the microcosms effectively degraded 1,1,1-trichloroethane.At the Moffett Field groundwater test site, in situ removal of c-DCE and TCEcoincided with biostimulation through phenol and oxygen injection andutilization, with c-DCE removed more rapidly than TCE. Greater TCE and c-DCEremoval was observed when the phenol concentration was increased. Over 90%removal of c-DCE and TCE was observed in the 2-m biostimulated zone. Thiscompares with 40 to 50% removal of c-DCE and 15 to 25% removal of TCE achievedby methane-grown microorganisms previously evaluated in an adjacent in situtest zone. The in situ removal with phenol-grown microorganisms agreesqualitatively with the microcosm studies, with the rates and extents ofremoval ranked as follows: c-DCE > TCE > t-DCE. These studies demonstrate thepotential for in situ TCE bioremediation using microorganisms grown on phenol.
126                                                   NAL Call. No.: 448.3 Ap5Mineralization of the s-triazine ring of atrazine by stable bacterial mixedcultures.Mandelbaum, R.T.; Wackett, L.P.; Allan, D.L.Washington : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jun.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (6): p. 1695-1701; 1993 Jun.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Atrazine; Microbial degradation; Soil bacteria; Polluted soils;Metabolites; Metabolism; Bioremediation
Abstract:  Enrichment cultures containing atrazine(2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) at a concentration of100 ppm (0.46 mM) as a sole nitrogen source were obtained from soils exposedto repeated spills of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor. Bacterial growthoccurred concomitantly with formation of metabolites from atrazine andsubsequent biosynthesis of protein. When ring-labeled [14C]atrazine was used,80% or more of the s-triazine ring carbon atoms were liberated as 14 CO2.Hydroxyatrazine may be an intermediate in the atrazine mineralization pathway.More than 200 pure cultures isolated from the enrichment cultures failed toutilize atrazine as a nitrogen source. Mixing pure cultures restoredatrazine-mineralizing activity. Repeated transfer of the mixed cultures led toincreased rates of atrazine metabolism. The rate of atrazine degradation, evenat the elevated concentrations used, far exceeded the rates previouslyreported in soils, waters, and mixed and pure cultures of bacteria.
127                                                    NAL Call. No.: TD403.G7Model development and simulation of bioremediation in soil beds withaggregates.Dhawan, S.; Erickson, L.E.; Fan, L.T.Dublin, Ohio : Ground Water Pub. Co; 1993 Mar.Ground water v. 31 (2): p. 271-284; 1993 Mar.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Groundwater pollution; Organic compounds;Biodegradation; Simulation models; Soil; Aggregates
Abstract:  One method of remediating contaminated soil and ground water isthrough management of the subsurface environment so that indigenousmicroorganisms can biodegrade organic contaminants. Modeling and simulationoffer promising means of assessing the migration and attenuation of suchcontaminants being treated in situ in the subsurface. In this paper, amacropore flow model has been developed to account for bioremediation in theinterstitial spaces among soil aggregates. This model has been combined withanother bioremediation model which accounts for diffusion and biodegradationin the micropores and soil particles in the aggregates. The combined modelcomprises a system of six coupled equations, of which three are nonlinearordinary differential equations and three are nonlinear partial differentialequations. Dimensional analysis of these equations has yielded usefuldimensionless parameters for evaluating the relative significance of eachmechanism in remediation. Numerical experiments have been conducted toevaluate the effects of initial contaminant concentration, aggregate size, andsoil-water partition factor. The total time of remediation has been found todepend on the rate at which contaminants are consumed within the largeaggregates which, in turn, depends on the biodegradation kinetics and therates of diffusion of substrate and oxygen in the aggregates. For soil withaggregates whose radius is 1 cm or larger, the results of simulation indicatethat the remediation time for the aggregates is significantly longer comparedto the corresponding result for homogeneous soil. For contaminants with largepartition coefficients, the estimated time for remediation achieved throughmicrobial oxidation in situ is much shorter than that achieved through purelydiffusional transport of the contaminants out of the soil bed.
128                                                   NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72Monitoring the efficacy of bioremediation.Heitzer, A.; Sayler, G.S.Cambridge : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1993 Aug.Trends in biotechnology v. 11 (8): p. 334-343; 1993 Aug.  In the specialissue: Bioremediation: technological and commercial issues in the biologicaldetoxification of polluted sites.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Toxic substances; Detoxification; Waste treatment; Pollutioncontrol; Bioremediation; Efficiency; Monitoring; Chemistry; Molecular biology;Techniques
Abstract:  The general acceptance of bioremediation technology as anenvironmentally sound and economic treatment for hazardous waste requires thedemonstration of its efficacy, reliability and predictability, as well as itsadvantages over conventional treatments. An effective monitoring designincludes protocols for treatment-specific, representative sampling, controland monitoring: these should take into account abiotic and biotic pollutantfate processes in all relevant process compartments. A number ofwell-established and novel chemical and molecular biological monitoringtechniques and parameters are available. Logical and balanced combinations ofboth chemical and biological monitoring parameters should be used todemonstrate complete degradation and detoxification of a hazardous waste aswell as the biological nature of the process. At each process-scale level, aset of general criteria should be used for a systematic evaluation of theoverall efficacy of bioremediation.
129                                                     NAL Call. No.: QR1.F44Oligomers of 4-chloroaniline are intermediates formed during itsbiodegradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.Chang, C.W.; Bumpus, J.A.Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1993 Mar01.FEMS microbiology letters - Federation of European Microbiological Societiesv. 107 (2/3): p. 337-342; 1993 Mar01.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Herbicides; Organic nitrogencompounds; Metabolites; Oxidation; Lignin; Peroxidases; Microbial degradation;Bioremediation; Soil pollution
Abstract:  Lignin peroxidase H2 (LP-H2) from Phanerochaete chrysosporiumoxidized 4-chloroaniline to form several oligomers. Included among thecompounds identified were: 4,4'-dichloroazobenzene,2-(4-chloroanilino)-5-hydroxybenzoquinone-di-4-chloroanil and2-amino-5-(4-chloroanilino) benzoquinone-di-4-chloroanil. In contrast toresults by others, we showed that oligomers of 4-chloroaniline were alsoformed by the fungus in vivo. It was also demonstrated that, although thesepotentially toxic intermediates are made, they are also degraded.
130                                            NAL Call. No.: TD192.5.O57 1991On-site bioreclamation processes for xenobiotic and hydrocarbon treatment.Hinchee, Robert E.; Olfenbuttel, Robert F.Boston : Butterworth-Heinemann,; 1991.xviii, 539 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Selected papers from the internationalsymposium "In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation" held in San Diego in March of1991.  Includes bibliographical references and index.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Bioremediation; Xenobiotics; Hydrocarbons
131                                         NAL Call. No.: NBUTD192.5 O57 1991On-site bioreclamation processes for xenobiotic and hydrocarbon treatment.Hinchee, Robert E.; Olfenbuttel, Robert F.Boston : Butterworth-Heinemann,; 1991.xviii, 539 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Selected papers from the internationalsymposium "In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation" held in San Diego in March of1991.  Includes bibliographical references and index.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Bioremediation; Xenobiotics; Hydrocarbons
132                                                 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6Parathion degradation by a Pseudomonas sp. and a Xanthomonas sp. and by theircrude enzyme extracts as affected by some cations.Tchelet, R.; Levanon, D.; Mingelgrin, U.; Henis, Y.Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1993 Dec.Soil biology & biochemistry v. 25 (12): p. 1665-1671; 1993 Dec.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Parathion; Biodegradation; Hydrolysis; Xanthomonas; Pseudomonas;Metal ions; Cations; Bioremediation; Polluted soils
Abstract:  A Pseudomonas sp. and a Xanthomonas sp. were isolated from apesticide disposal site in northern Israel. Both degraded parathion in twostages. In the first stage, p-nitrophenol (PNP) was released by a parathionhydrolase, while in the second stage PNP was degraded.The effect of Cu2+,Fe2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Al3+, Zn2+ and NaEDTA on parathion hydrolysis to PNP bygrowing cultures and by crude enzyme extracts of the isolates was studied.Parathion hydrolysis by both either living cells or crude enzyme extracts ofthe Pseudomonas sp. was inhibited by Cu2+ even at a concentration of 20micromoles l-1, as opposed to this cation's stimulatory effect on thedegradation of parathion by the Xanthomonas sp. Other cations investigated hada smaller effect on the rate of degradation by either bacterium. NaEDTAstrongly inhibited parathion hydrolysis in the living cells, but not in thecrude enzyme extracts of the Pseudomonas sp. In contrast, NaEDTA inhibitedparathion hydrolysis in either living cells or crude enzyme extracts of theXanthomonas sp.
133                                                  NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1E5Performance standards for in situ bioremediation.MacDonald, J.A.; Rittmann, B.E.Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1993 Oct.Environmental science & technology v. 27 (10): p. 1974-1979; 1993 Oct.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Groundwater pollution; Soil pollution; Bioremediation; Biologicalactivity in soil; Microorganisms
134                                                   NAL Call. No.: QH442.J69Phenoloxidases and hydrolases from Pycnoporus sanguineus (UEC-2050 strain):applications.Esposito, E.; Innocentini-Mei, L.H.; Ferraz, A.; Canhos, V.P.; Duran, N.Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1993 Jun.Journal of Biotechnology v. 29 (3): p. 219-220; 1993 Jun.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pycnoporus sanguineus; Peroxidases; Beta-glucosidase; O-glycosidehydrolases; Monophenol monooxygenase; Laccase; Enzyme activity;Bioremediation; Microbial degradation; Pulp mill effluent; Decolorization;Kraft mill effluent
135                                                     NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45Photochemical and microbial degradation technologies to remove toxicchemicals.Matsumura, F.; Katayama, A.Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society, 1974-; 1992.ACS symposium series (510): p. 201-209; 1992.  In the series analytic:Pesticide Waste Management: technology and regulation / edited by J.B. Bourke,A.S. Felsot, T.J. Gilding, J.K. Jensen, J.N. Seiber.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pollutants; Toxic substances; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Aromaticcompounds; Microbial degradation; Photolysis; Ultraviolet radiation;Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Strains; Decay fungi; Bioremediation
136                                                   NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5Physiological factors affecting carbon tetrachloride dehalogenation by thedenitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain KC.Lewis, T.A.; Crawford, R.L.Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 May.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (5): p. 1635-1641; 1993 May.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas; Denitrifying microorganisms; Carbon tetrachloride;Chemical reactions; Microbial degradation; Regulation; Ferrous ions; Ferricions; Cobalt; Metal ions; Iron hydroxides; Bioremediation; Groundwaterpollution; Aquifers; Denitrification
Abstract:  Pseudomonas sp. strain KC was grown on a medium with a low contentof transition metals in order to examine the conditions for carbontetrachloride (CT) transformation. Several carbon sources, including acetate,glucose, glycerol, and glutamate, were able to support CT transformation. Thechelators 2,2'-dipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline stimulated CT transformationin a rich medium that otherwise did not support this activity. Low (<10micromolar) additions of dissolved iron(II), iron(III), and cobalt(II), aswell as an insoluble iron(III) compound, ferric oxyhydroxide, inhibited CTtransformation. The addition of 50 micromolar iron to actively growingcultures resulted in delayed inhibition of CT transformation. CTtransformation was seen in aerobic cultures of KC, but with reduced efficiencycompared with denitrifying cultures. Inhibition of CT transformation by ironwas also seen in aerobically grown cultures. Optimal conditions were used insearching for effective CT transformation activity among denitrifyingenrichments grown from samples of aquifer material. No activity comparable tothat of Pseudomonas sp. strain KC was found among 16 samples tested.
137                                                   NAL Call. No.: QK725.I43Phytochelatin-mediated cadmium tolerance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.Ow, D.W.Columbia, MD : Tissue Culture Association, c1991-; 1993 Oct.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant : journal of the TissueCulture Association v. 29P (4): p. 213-219; 1993 Oct.  Paper presented at the"Session-in-Depth Bioremediation through Biotechnological Means" at the 1993Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture, June 5-9, 1993, San Diego, California.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Endomycetales; Peptides; Binding proteins; Cadmium; Metaltolerance; Mutants; Tonoplast; Vacuoles; Uptake; Ligases; Carboxy-lyases;Enzyme activity; Purines; Biosynthesis
138                                                      NAL Call. No.: Q1.D57Poison eaters.Chollar, S.Los Angeles, Calif. : Time, Inc. :.; 1990 Apr.Discover v. 11 (4): p. 76-78; 1990 Apr.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Flavobacterium; Waste treatment; Aquatic environment; Pesticides
139                                            NAL Call. No.: TD192.5.K56 1992Practical environmental bioremediation.King, R. Barry; Long, Gilbert M.; Sheldon, John K.Boca Raton : Lewis Publishers,; 1992.149 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Includes bibliographical references and index.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Bioremediation
140                                              NAL Call. No.: TD426.N95 1993Practical techniques for groundwater and soil remediation.Nyer, Evan K.Boca Raton : Lewis Publishers,; 1993.214 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Geraghty & Miller science and engineering series).Includes bibliographical references and index.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Water, Underground; Soil pollution; Bioremediation
141                                                NAL Call. No.: TP248.13.C74Principles of biotechnological treatment of industrial wastes.Roig, M.G.; Rodriguez, M.J.M.; Cachaza, J.M.; Sanchez, L.M.; Kennedy, J.F.Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press,; 1993.Critical reviews in biotechnology v. 13 (2): p. 99-116; 1993.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Industrial wastes; Waste water; Biological treatment; Pollution;Biotechnology; Reviews
142                                            NAL Call. No.: QR82.P78P82 1992Pseudomonas molecular biology and biotechnology.Galli, Enrica; Silver, S.; Witholt, BernardFederation of European Microbiological SocietiesWashington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology,; 1992.xii, 443 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.  "Based on the proceedings of a symposium heldunder the auspices of the Federation of European Microbiological Societiesfrom June 16 to June 20, 1991, in Trieste, Italy"--T.p. verso.  Includesbibliographical references and indexes.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas; Biotechnology
143                                                      NAL Call. No.: QR1.E9Rapid anaerobic mineralization of pyridine in a subsurface sediment inoculatedwith a pyridine-degrading Alcaligenes sp.Ronen, Z.; Bollag, J.M.Berlin ; New York : Springer International, [1984?-; 1992 May.Applied microbiology and biotechnology v. 37 (2): p. 264-269; 1992 May.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Alcaligenes; Pyridines; Anaerobic conditions; Mineralization;Industrial microbiology
Abstract:  A denitrifying bacterium capable of pyridine mineralization underanaerobic conditions was isolated from polluted soil. The bacterium,identified as Alcaligenes sp., was used in inoculation experiments. Asubsurface sediment from a polluted site was amended with 10 micrograms/g(14)C-labeled pyridine, and 250 micrograms/g nitrate, and then inoculated withthe bacterium at an inoculum size of 4.5 X 10(7) cells/g. After 44 hincubation at 28 degrees C under anaerobic conditions, 67% of theradioactivity was recovered as (14)CO2: 2% was extracted with 50% methanol,and 24% was recovered by combustion of the sediment. Analysis of the methanolextract revealed that no pyridine could be detected in the inoculatedsediment. In contrast, mineralization of pyridine by the native microflora inthe sediment occurred much more slowly: after 7 days of incubation only 10% ofthe added radioactivity was recovered as (14)CO2. At an inoculum size of 2 X10(3) cells/g pyridine mineralization was not as effective as at an inoculumsize of 2 X 10(7) cells/g. It is presumed that suppression of the introducedbacteria by the native microflora of the sediment prevents degradation at alow inoculum size. Amending the sediment with nitrate and phosphate improvedpyridine mineralization by the introduced bacterium. These findingsdemonstrate the feasibility of using soil inoculation anaerobically for thebioremediation of pyridine-polluted soils.
144                                                  NAL Call. No.: 47.8 Am33PRecent development in poultry waste digestion and feather utilization--areview.Shih, J.C.H.Champaign, IL : Poultry Science Association, 1921-; 1993 Sep.Poultry science v. 72 (9): p. 1617-1620; 1993 Sep.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Feathers; Anaerobic digesters; Poultry manure; Bacilluslicheniformis; Proteinases; Feather meal; Digestibility; Feed additives;Literature reviews
Abstract:  The intensive and large-scale production of food animals and animalproducts has generated an enormous waste disposal problem for the animalindustry. These wastes, which include animal excreta, mortalities, hair,feathers, and processing wastes, are largely organic materials and areconvertible to useful resources. Making the conversion processes efficient andeconomical presents a great challenge to modern biotechnology. An efficientthermophilic anaerobic digester system has been developed that converts animalmanure to methane for an energy source, solid residues for feed supplements,and liquid nutrients for aquaculture. This digester system also destroyspathogens and thus protects environmental health. During the development ofthis system, a feather-degrading bacterium was discovered and identified as athermophilic Bacillus licheniformis, Strain PWD-1. The bacterium can fermentand convert feathers to feather-lysate, a digestible protein source for feeduse. An enzyme, keratinase, secreted by this bacterium was purified andcharacterized. This keratinase is a potent protease that hydrolyzes allproteins tested, including collagen, elastin, and feather keratin. When theenzyme was mixed as an additive in feed, it significantly enhanced thedigestibility of feather meal in chickens. In addition to feed technology, thebacterium and the enzyme are believed to have many other industrial andenvironmental applications.
145                                                   NAL Call. No.: QK725.I43Remediation of contaminated soils with green plants: an overview.Cunningham, S.D.; Berti, W.R.Columbia, MD : Tissue Culture Association, c1991-; 1993 Oct.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant : journal of the TissueCulture Association v. 29P (4): p. 207-212; 1993 Oct.  Paper presented at the"Session-in-Depth Bioremediation through Biotechnological Means" at the 1993Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture, June 5-9, 1993, San Diego, California.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Plants; Bioremediation; Pollutants; Uptake; Metabolicdetoxification; Soil pollution; Polluted soils
146                                                 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J62Respirometric analysis of the biodegradation of organic contaminants in soiland water.Graves, D.A.; Lang, C.A.; Leavitt, M.E.Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press; 1991.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology v. 28/29: p. 813-826; 1991.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Contaminants; Organic compounds; Bioremediation;Respiratory gases; Biochemical oxygen demand
147                                                      NAL Call. No.: QR1.E9Role of inoculum preparation and density on the bioremediation of2,4-D-contaminated soil by bioaugmentation.Comeau, Y.; Greer, C.W.; Samson, R.Berlin ; New York : Springer International, [1984?-; 1993 Feb.Applied microbiology and biotechnology v. 38 (5): p. 681-687; 1993 Feb.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas cepacia; Soil bacteria; Culture techniques; Soilinoculation
Abstract:  The effect of inoculum preparation and density on the efficiency ofremediation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by bioaugmentation wasstudied in non-sterile soil. A 2,4-D-degrading Pseudomonas cepacia strain(designated BRI6001) was used initially in liquid culture to determine theeffects of pre-growth induction and of inoculum density. The time for complete2,4-D degradation was reduced by 0.5 day for each log increase of inoculumdensity. In mixed (BRI6001 and soil bacteria) liquid cultures, a competitioneffect for 2,4-D became apparent at low inoculum levels (less than 10(5)cfu/ml BRI6001 for 10(8) cfu/ml soil bacteria) but only when the soil bacteriaincluded indigenous 2,4-D degraders. In static non-sterile soil, the effect ofinoculum density on 2,4-D degradation was comparable to that in liquid culturebut only at high inoculation levels. At lower levels, a biological effect for2,4-D degradation became apparent, as was observed in mixed liquid cultures,whereas at intermediate levels, a combination of biological, physical andchemical factors decreased the efficiency of bioaugmentation. The acclimationperiod for 2,4-D degradation in soil bioaugmented with BRI6001 reflectedmainly the time required for cell induction and, presumably, for overcomingthe physical limitation of diffusion of both 2,4-D and added bacteria in thesoil matrix.
148                                                  NAL Call. No.: 286.8 N488Scientist using plants to clean up metals in contaminated soil.Bernstein, E.New York, N.Y. : H.J. Raymond & Co. :.; 1992 Sep08.The New York times. p. B8; 1992 Sep08.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Apocynum; Ambrosia; Genetic engineering; Waste treatment; Heavymetals
149                                                 NAL Call. No.: QR97.X46B56Selection and isolation of bacteria capable of degrading dinoseb(2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol).Stevens, T.O.; Crawford, R.L.; Crawford, D.L.Boston, Mass. : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991.Biodegradation v. 2 (1): p. 1-13; 1991.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Dinoseb; Soil bacteria; Microbial degradation; Transformation;Mineralization; Persistence; Anaerobic conditions; Enrichment; Isolationtechniques; Soil pollution; Water pollution
150                                                     NAL Call. No.: QR1.L47Selective plating medium for enumeration and recovery of ahexachlorocyclohexane-degrading Pseudomonas Ptm+ strain from soil.Anu Appaiah, K.A.; Shaw, D.M.; Karanth, N.G.K.Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1993 Jun.Letters in applied microbiology v. 16 (6): p. 287-290; 1993 Jun.  Includesreferences.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas; Introduced species; Chlorinated hydrocarbons;Microbial degradation; Soil pollution; Polluted soils; Isolation techniques;Culture media; Bacterial counting; Enumeration; Streptomycin; Drug resistance;Monitoring; Bioremediation
151                                                   NAL Call. No.: 448.3 Ap5A substrate-dependent biological containment system for Pseudomonas putidabased on the Escherichia coli gef gene.Jensen, L.B.; Ramos, J.L.; Kaneva, Z.; Molin, S.Washington : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Nov.Applied and environmental microbiology v. 59 (11): p. 3713-3717; 1993 Nov.Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas putida; Escherichia coli; Structural genes; Bacterialproteins; Recombinant  DNA; Genetic engineering; Transposable elements;Plasmid vectors; Microbial degradation; Bioremediation; Benzoates (esters);Inoculum; Introduced species; Polluted soils; Antibacterial properties
Abstract:  A model substrate-dependent suicide system to biologically containPseudomonas putida KT2440 is reported. The system consists of two elements.One element carries a fusion between a synthetic lac promoter (P(A1-04/03) andthe gef gene, which encodes a killing function. This element is containedwithin a transposaseless mini-Tn5 transposon so that it can be integrated atrandom locations on the Pseudomonas chromosome. The second element, harboredby plasmid pCC102, is designed to control the first and bears a fusion betweenthe promoter of the P. putida TOL plasmid-encoded meta-cleavage pathway operon(Pm) and the lacI gene, encoding the Lac repressor, plus xylS2, coding for apositive regulator of Pm. In liquid culture under optimal growth conditionsand in sterile and nonsterile soil microcosms, P. putida KT2440(pWWO) bearingthe containment system behaves as designed. In the presence of a XylSeffector, such as m-methylbenzoate, the LacI protein is synthesized,preventing the expression of the killing function. In the absence ofeffectors, expression of the P(A1-04/03)::gef cassette is no longer preventedand a high rate of cell killing is observed. Fluctuation test analysesrevealed that mutants resistant to cell killing arise at a frequency of around10-5 to 10-6 per cell per generation. Mutations are linked to the killingelement rather than to the regulatory one. In bacteria bearing two copies ofthe killing cassette, the rate of appearance of mutants resistant to killingdecreased to as low as 10-8 per cell per generation.
152                                                  NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1C7Subsurface contaminant bioremediation engineering.Tursman, J.F.; Cork, D.J.Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press; 1992.Critical reviews in environmental control v. 22 (1/2): p. 1-26; 1992.Literature review.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil pollution; Groundwater pollution; Pollutants; Halogenatedhydrocarbons; Microbial degradation; Polluted soils; Chlorinated hydrocarbons;Literature reviews; Engineering; Soil flora; Subsurface layers
153                                                  NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1C7Subsurface, terrestrial microbial ecology and biodegradation of organicchemicals: a review.Dobbins, D.C.; Aelion, C.M.; Pfaender, F.Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press; 1992.Critical reviews in environmental control v. 22 (1/2): p. 67-136; 1992.Literature review.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Soil flora; Water microbiology; Groundwater; Community ecology;Biodegradation; Microbial degradation; Organic compounds; Adaptation;Environmental factors; Soil pollution; Groundwater pollution; Polluted soils;Literature reviews; Subsurface layers
154                                                    NAL Call. No.: QR100.M5Survival of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degrading Alcaligenes eutrophus AEO106(pR0101) in lake water microcosms.Kandel, A.; Nybroe, O.; Rasmussen, O.F.New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1992.Microbial ecology v. 24 (3): p. 291-303; 1992.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Alcaligenes; Recombinant  DNA; Survival; Microbial degradation;2,4-d; Dosage effects; Aquatic environment; Lakes; Polluted water; Biologicalcompetition; Plasmids; Catabolism; Immunofluorescence; Immunoblotting; Dnahybridization
Abstract:  Survival of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) degradingAlcaligenes eutrophus strain AEO106 harboring the catabolic plasmid PRO101 wasstudied in lake water from the eutrophic lake Frederiksborg Slotsso. Survivalexperiments were performed for periods of 7 days in laboratory microcosmscontaining filtered (0.2-micrometer pore size) or natural lake water amendedwith increasing concentrations of 2,4-D. A. eutrophus AE0106 was detected bycombining the fluorescent antibody method with selective and nonselectiveplating followed by colony blotting and colony hybridization. Comparison ofcolony blotting and colony hybridization demonstrated that the A. eutrophusAE0106 host organism and the catabolic plasmid pRO101 had similar fates in themodel system employed. In all experiments culturable counts of A. eutrophusAE0106 were lower than fluorescent antibody counts and frequently a decline inculturable counts occurred at times when the fluorescent antibody methodshowed an increasing population size. Amendment with 2,4-D increased survivalof A. eutrophus AE0106 both in filtered and in natural lake water. Survivalwas always poorer in model systems with natural water than in 0.2micrometer-filtered water.
155                                                     NAL Call. No.: QR1.C78Survival of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans degrading 2,2-dichloropropionate andhorizontal transfer of its halidohydrolase gene in a soil microcosm.Brokamp, A.; Schmidt, F.R.J.New York, N.Y. : Springer International; 1991 May.Current microbiology v. 22 (5): p. 299-306; 1991 May.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Alcaligenes; Soil bacteria; Chlorthal-dimethyl; Microbialdegradation; Plasmids; Survival; Growth; Substrates; Hydrolases; Enzymeactivity; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Gene transfer; Soil pollution
Abstract:  A soil microcosm, containing a mixture of sand and awell-characterized phaeozem soil from loess, was developed for biodegradativeapplications. It was inoculated with soil-borne Alcaligenes xylosoxidans ABIV, degrading 2,2-dichloropropionate (DCPA), by a plasmid-encoded haloalkanoicacid halidohydrolase. In long-term microcosm experiments, survival ofAlcaligenes xylosoxidans ABIV in the presence and absence of selectivepressure by the xenobiotic compound could be demonstrated as well as itscapacity to maintain degradation of DCPA. At the same time its plasmid, pFL40,containing the degradative gene, dhlC, was horizontally transferred toPseudomonas fluorescens in sterilized soil and also to different indigenoussoil bacteria in nonsterilized soil.
156                                                  NAL Call. No.: TP995.A1I5Thermophilic composting of a synthetic JP-4 fuel mixture.McMullen, P.T.; Regan, R.W. SrChelsen, Mich. : Lewis Publishers; 1992.Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference (46): p. 113-118; 1992.Meeting held May 14-16, 1991, West Lafayette, Indiana.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Polluted soils; Soil pollution; Fuels; Hydrocarbons;Bioremediation; Composting; Thermophilic microorganisms; Microbial degradation
157                                                  NAL Call. No.: QH442.A1G4Transposon vectors for stable chromosomal integration of cloned genes inrhizosphere bacteria.Kaniga, K.; Davison, J.Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991.Gene v. 100: p. 201-205; 1991.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pseudomonas; Chromosomes; Vectors; Cloning
Abstract:  A series of Tn5-based transposon-cloning vectors, in which many,unique restriction sites lie within the transposon, have been constructed.These transposon vectors can be delivered, by conjugation, using a deliveryvehicle containing, a pBR322 replicon and the mobilization genes of plasmidRK2. In Pseudomonas sp., this delivery vehicle acts as a suicide plasmid,permitting transposition to the chromosome to be detected. To facilitatecloning into the transposon vector, the delivery vehicle has been simplifiedso that the useful cloning sites in the transposon are not duplicated. As amodel system for the transposition of cloned genes, the xy/E (coding forcatechol-2,3-dioxygenase) has been transposed to a variety of Pseudomonads.The transposon vectors should be useful when a stable single copy of a clonedgene is desired. They should be particularly advantageous for the geneticengineering of soil bacteria for environmental studies (agriculture orpollution control) where the stability of the engineered strains, in theabsence of continuous antibiotic selection, may be important.
158                                                   NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72US environmental regulations and policies--their impact on the commercialdevelopment of bioremediation.Day, S.M.Cambridge : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1993 Aug.Trends in biotechnology v. 11 (8): p. 324-328; 1993 Aug.  In the specialissue: Bioremediation: technological and commercial issues in the biologicaldetoxification of polluted sites.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Pollution control; Bioremediation; Industrialmethods; Environmental protection; Legislation; Federal government; Publicagencies
159                                                 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J62Use of a mathematical model for prediction of optimum feeding strategies forin situ bioremediation.Shouche, M.; Petersen, J.N.; Skeen, R.S.Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press; 1993.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology v. 39/40: p. 763-779; 1993.  Paperpresented at the Fourteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicalsheld May 11-15, 1992, Gathinburg, Tennessee.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Washington; Cabt; Polluted soils; Soil pollution; Bioremediation;Carbon tetrachloride; Microbial degradation; Mathematical models; Nutrientavailability; Nitrate; Acetic acid
160                                                   NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62Use of roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes in rhizosphere research:applications in studies of cadmium assimilation from sewage sludges.Tepfer, D.; Metzger, L.; Prost, R.Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1989 Sep.Plant molecular biology : an international journal on molecular biology,biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 13 (3): p. 295-302; 1989 Sep.  Paperpresented at the symposium entitled "Plant Genetic Engineering Applicationsfor Agriculture, Horticulture and Industry," September 26-29, 1989, Lunteren,The Netherlands.  Literature review.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Calystegia sepium; Plants; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Genetictransformation; Roots; Organ culture; Rhizosphere; Models; Ion uptake;Cadmium; Sewage sludge; Soil amendments; Soil pollution; Literature reviews
Abstract:  The use of roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes in modelsfor the rhizosphere is discussed. A list of species for which transformed rootcultures have been obtained is provided and the example of studies of cadmiumassimilation from sewage sludges is given to illustrate how transformed rootcultures can be used in physiological tests under non-sterile conditions.
161                                                   NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72Using microorganims for biomediation: the barriers to implementation.Broda, P.New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1992 Sep.Trends in biotechnology v. 10 (9): p. 303-304; 1992 Sep.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pollution; Pollutants; Microbial degradation; Microbial flora;Genetic factors; Plasmids; Enzyme activity; Gene transfer; Geneticengineering; Biotechnology
162                                                   NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72The worldwide bioremediation industry: prospects for profit.Caplan, J.A.Cambridge : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1993 Aug.Trends in biotechnology v. 11 (8): p. 320-323; 1993 Aug.  In the specialissue: Bioremediation: technological and commercial issues in the biologicaldetoxification of polluted sites.  Includes references.
Language:  English
Descriptors: Pollution control; Bioremediation; Technology; Economicevaluation