# UNITED STATES ENVIRONMEN TAL PROTECTION AGENCY

NATIONAL VEHICLE AND FUEL EMISSIONS LABORATORY

2000 TRAVERWOOD DRIVE ANN ARBOR, MI 48105-2498

OFFICE OF

AIR AND RADIATION 

# July 8, 2013

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: Meeting with National Tribal Ai r Association Members Regarding the Proposed

Tier 3 Standards

FROM: Catherine Yanca, Assess ment and Standards Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality

TO: EPA Docket # EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0135

This memo documents a meeting held on May 30, 2013 between the members of the National Tribal Air Association (NTAA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to discuss EPA’s proposed Tier 3 standards for motor vehicle emissions and fuels. Representatives of the following NTAA member organizati ons and EPA offices were inv ited to attend the meeting via phone:

Tribes Ak-Chin Indian Community Aleknagik Traditional Council Apache Tribe of Oklahama

Aroostook Band of Micmacs

Athabascan Nation - Chickaloon Village Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

Indians

Battle Mountain Shoshone Tribe Bishop Paiute Tribe Bristol Bay Native Association Buckland Nunachiak Corporation

Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians

Cabazon Band of Mission Indians California Valley Miwok Tribe Campo Band of Mission Indians

Chemehuevi Tribe

Cherokee Nation Chevak Traditional Council

Chickasaw Nation

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma

Citizen Potawatomi Nation Cocopah Indian Tribe

Coeur d'Alene Tribe

Colorado River Indian Tribes

Colville Confederated Tribes

Comanche Nation of Oklahoma

Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribe

Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians

Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis

Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian

Reservation Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs

Reservation Copper River Native Association

Cortina Indian Rancheria

# Cow Creek Umpqua Tribe Coyote Valley Band Of Pomo Indians

Delaware Nation of Oklahoma

Delaware Tribe of Indians Douglas Indian Association Duck Valley Shoshone-Paiute Tribe

Duckwater Shoshone Tribe

Eastern Band of Cherokee

Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma Eastern Shoshone & Northern Arapaho

Tribes Eight Northern Indian Pueblos Council Ely Shoshone Tribe

Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Forest County Potawatomi Community Fort Belknap Indian Community Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation Fort Mojave Indian Tribe

Fort Peck Assiniboine-Sioux Tribes

Ft. McDermitt Paiute-Shoshone Tribe Gila River Indian Community Havasupai Tribe

Hoonah Indian Association Hopi Tribe

Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians Hualapai Tribe Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc. Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan (A consortium of Michigan's FR Tribes)

Kaibab Band Of Paiute Indians

Kaw Nation Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas

Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma Klawock Cooperative Association

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho

La Jolla Band of Mission Indians Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians

Lac du Flambeau Tribe Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe

Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone Tribe

Lovelock Paiute Tribe

Makah Tribe Manzanita Band of Kumeyaay Nation Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe Moapa Band of Paiutes Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut Morongo Band of Mission Indians Narragansett Indian Tribe Native Village of Chitina Native Village of Kivalina Native Village of Noatak Native Village of Tununak Navajo Nation Navajo Nation, EPA Radon Program

Nez Perce Tribe Northern Cheyenne Tribe

Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation

Orutsararmiut Native Council Environmental Program Osage Nation

Pala Band of Mission Indians Passamaquoddy Tribe - Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy Tribe of Indians, Indian Township Reserv Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians Pedro Bay Village Council

Penobscot Indian Nation

Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma Picayune Rancheria of the Chukchansi

Indians

Poarch Band of Creek Indians Pokagon Band of Potawatomi

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska Port Graham Village Council

Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation

Pueblo of Isleta

Pueblo of Jemez Pueblo of Laguna Pueblo of Laguna Pueblo of Pojoaque

Pueblo of Santa Clara Puyallup Tribe of Indians Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe Quapaw Tribe Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma Quechan Tribe Quinault Indian Nation Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians

Sac & Fox Tribe of th e Mississippi in Iowa

Sac and Fox Nation

# Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community San Carlos Apache Tribe

Santa Clara Pueblo

Santee Sioux Nation of Nebraska Sault Tribe of Chippewa Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma

Shoshone Bannock Tribes Skagway Traditional Council

Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians

Southern Ute Indian Tribe Spokane Tribe of Indians St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin Standing Rock Sioux Tribe Stockbridge-Munsee Tribe Spirit Lake Tribe

Swinomish Tribe

Tachi-Yokut Tribe Tohono O'odham Nation Tualalip's Tribe Air Quality Program

United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee

Indians of Oklahoma Upper Skagit Indian Reservation

Ute Mountain Ute Tribe

Walker River Paiute Tribe Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California Wells Band Indian Colony White Mountain Apache Tribe Wind River Environmental Quality

Commission

Wind River Indian Reservation Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska

Yakama Nation Yavapai-Apache Nation Yavapai-Prescott Indian Tribe Yerington Paiute Tribe

Yurok Tribe

Other Organizations

Office of Tribal Affairs/CD C National Center for Envir onmental Health (NCEH) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Tribal Consultation Resources, LLC Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP)

Stetson Law Offices

Indian Health Services National Tribal Environmental Council (NTEC)

Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.

U.S. EPA Offices Office of Air & Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning & St andards (OAR/OAQPS) Office of Air & Radiation, Office of Po licy Analysis and Review (OAR/OPAR) Office of Air & Radiation, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (OAR/ORIA) Office of Air & Radiation, Office of Atmospheric Programs (OAR/OAP) Office of Air & Radiation, Office of Tran sportation and Air Qu ality (OAR/OTAQ) Office of Research & Developmen t, National Risk Management Re search Laboratory (ORD/NRMRL) Office of Research & Development, National Ce nter for Environmental Research (ORD/NCER) Office of General Council (OGC) EPA Region 10

The meeting included an overview of the proposed Tier 3 standards presented by EPA, slides

attached below.

Attachment:Tier 3 Vehicle and Fuel Standards:Proposal OverviewMay 20131Overview• What is Tier 3?• Why Tier 3?• Overview of the Program• Benefits and Costs• Public Participation2What is Tier 3?• Systems approach to reducing motor vehicle pollution:more stringent vehicle standards enabled by gasolinesulfur controlsulfurcontrol• Creates a harmonized vehicle program– Coordinated with California Low Emissions Vehicle program(LEV III) and Lightduty Greenhouse Gas (GHG) standards(LEVIII)andLight-dutyGreenhouseGas(GHG)standardsfinalized last year for model years (MY) 2017-2025– Enables auto industry to produce and sell one vehicle nationwide•Part of comprehensive approach to create cleaner morePartofcomprehensiveapproachtocreatecleaner,moreefficient vehicles– Begins phasing in with model year 2017T ll di t d li ith LEV III d LD GHG3–To allow coordinatedcompliance withLEVIIIandLDGHGWhy Tier 3: Air Quality and Public Health• Tier 3 standards would have immediate healthand air quality benefits• Will help attain and maintain ozone and PMNAAQS– Provides cost-effective national reductions that avoidmore expensive local controls• Reduces pollution near roadsMore than 50 million people live work or go to school–Morethan50millionpeoplelive,work,orgotoschoolnear major roads4Why Tier 3: Harmonized Vehicle Program• California finalized LEV III standards last yearEPA i d i d CAA i D b 2012–EPAissueda waiver underCAAinDecember2012•The auto industry supports Tier 3 because theyTheautoindustrysupportsTier3becausetheywant to produce and sell one vehicle nationwide• Tier 3 is harmonized with LEV III– Would begin in 2017 to allow coordinated compliancewith GHG and LEV IIIwithGHGandLEVIII5Tier 3 Vehicle Standards•Phase in between 2017 and 2025Phaseinbetween2017and2025• Tighter VOC and NOx tailpipe standards– 80% reduction from today’s fleet average• Tighter PM tailpipe standard– 70% reduction in per-vehicle standard•Evaporative emissions standardsEvaporativeemissionsstandards– Reduced fuel vapor emissions and improved system durability• Revised certification test fuel to better reflect in-usegasoline expected in 2017gasolineexpectedin2017– Current certification test fuel has no ethanol• Regulatory streamlining/harmonization changes int th P id t’ R l t R i i iti tiresponsetothePresident’sRegulatoryReviewinitiative6Why Lower Sulfur Gasoline?B h Ti 3 d LEV III hi l d d d d l•BothTier3andLEVIIIvehicle standardsdependuponlowersulfur gasoline– Sulfur at current levels degrades the performance of vehicle catalyticconverters the primary emission control system on vehiclesconverterstheprimaryemissioncontrolsystemonvehicles• Tier 3 vehicle standards not achievable without lower sulfur• Lower sulfur also provides immediate reductions in NOx and VOCemissions from the existing fleetCalifornia alread has lo er s lf r gasoline (as do E rope•Californiaalreadyhaslowersulfurgasoline(asdoEurope,Japan, S. Korea, and several other countries)– Other states prohibited from controlling gasoline sulfur on their own• Enables some lower-cost technologies for complying with vehiclegreenhouse gas standards7Tier 3 Fuel Standards•Lower the average sulfur standard from 30 to 10 ppm startingLowertheaveragesulfurstandardfrom30to10ppmstartingJanuary 1, 2017– California is already 10 ppm sulfur on average, and Europe andJapan have a 10 ppm cap• Proposing to either maintain the current per-gallon sulfur caps(80 ppm at refinery gate, 95 ppm at retail) or lower them to 50ppm and 65 ppm respectively• Proposing the superset of flexibilities that have provensuccessful in past EPA fuel programs:–annual averaging– early credits– relief for small refiners and refinerieseconomic and technical hardship provisions–economicandtechnicalhardshipprovisions8Tier 3 Emission ImpactsNational Onroad Inventory Reductions2017 2030Tons Percent Tons PercentNOx284,000 8 525,000 28VOC45,000 3 226,000 23PM 2.5NA NA 7,500 10CO747,000 4 5,765,000 30Ben ene1 62548 58136Benzene,,Total air toxics15,000 3 90,000 23• Emission reductions will continue to grow beyond 2030 as more of the fleetcontinues to turn over to Tier 3 vehicles9Benefits of Tier 3Total Ozone and PM-related Premature Mortality Avoided:820-2,400 in 2030 (based on rangeof ozone and PM mortality studies)Other PM- and ozone-related health impacts avoided in 2030:Hospital admissions and asthma-related ER visits: 3,200Asthma exacerbations: 22,000Upper and lower respiratory symptoms in children: 23,000Lost school days, work days, and minor restricted activity days: 1.8 millionTotal Monetized Benefits in 2030 (2010$):$8 to $23 Billion10Summary of Costs and Benefits• Fuel Sulfur Standard– 0.89 cents per gallon–$2.1 billion in capital costs over 6yearphase-inperiodyp– Based on a detailed, peer-reviewed, refinery-by-refinery analysis• Vehicle Standards in 2025$130 per vehicle–$130pervehicle• Annual Cost in 2030– Vehicle Program: $2.0 billion–Fuel Program: $1.3 billion– Total Program: $3.4 billion•Total Monetized Benefits in 2030TotalMonetizedBenefitsin2030–$8 to $23 Billion11Public Participation•Hearings held April 24 and 29HearingsheldApril24and29– Philadelphia and Chicago– Broad spectrum of stakeholders, including citizens– All testifiers supported Tier 3 except oil industry• Comment period closes July 1– Identify by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0135 and submit via:• Internet:www.regulations.gov• E-mail:A-and-R-Docket@epa.gov• Mail or hand delivery: addresses can be found in the FR notice• More detailed information on the proposed rule canbe found at the Tier 3 website:http://www.epa.gov/otaq/tier3.htm12