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No . Records Request * 1 1 78-93- 3 Record - 'HSDB (through May 1995) AN _ HSDB CCESSION NUMBER : 99 UD - nDATE CODE : 950 1 ID - SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION : 'E IDENTIFICATION CATEGORY (USE CODE ZPID) ------------ ---------- SUBSTANC PN - PRIME NAME OF SUBSTANCE: METHYL-ETHYL-KETONESY - SYNONYMS : *2-BUTANONE ; *3-BUTANONE ; *ACETONE, METHYL- ; *AETHYLMETHYLKETON- (GERMAN) ; *BUTANONE-; *BUTANONE-2- (FRENCH) ; *ETHYL-METHYL-CETONE- (FRENCH) ; *ETHYL-METHYL-KETONE- ; *ETHYLMETHYLKETON- (DUTCH) ; *KETONE,-ETHYL-MET1-fYL- ; *MEK- ; *METHYL-ACETONIE- ; *METTLETILCHETONE- (ITALIAN) ; *METYLOETYLOKETON- (POLISH) ; t *A13-07540 (USDA) ; *Caswell-No-569- ; *EPA-Pesticide-Chemical-Code-044103- ; *Ethylmethylcetone- (French) ; *Meetco- ; *Metiletilcetona- (Spanish) ; *FEMA-no-2170- RN - CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 78-93-3 MF - MOLECULAR FORMULA: *C4-H8-0 RTEC - RTECS NUMBER: EL6475000 OHMN - OHM-TADS NUMBER : 721679 6 SHPN - SHIPPING NAME/NUMBER : UN 1193 ; Ethyl methyl ketone IN40 3 .2; Ethyl methyl ketone STCC - STCC NUMBER : 49 092 43 ; Methyl ethyl ketone HAZN - EPA HAZARDOUS WASTE NUMBER : U159 ; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product
. F005 ; A hazardous waste from nonspecific sources when a spent solvent
. MANF - MANUFACTURINGIUSE INFORMATION : --------- MANUFACTURING[USE 114FORMATION CATEGORY (USE CODE ZMAN) ---------- MMFG - METHODS OF MANUFACTURING: *OBTAINED BY REFLUXING METHYL ACETOACETATE & DIL SULFURIC ACID, OR BY OXIDATION OF SECONDARY BUTYL ALCOHOL; ALSO BY FERMENTATION . [Rl j *VAPOR-PHASE DEHYDROGENATION OF SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL ; DIRECT LIQUID-PHASE OXIDN OF BUTENES ; BY-PRODUCT OF THE LIQUID DEHYDROGENATION OF BUTENES TO BUTADIENE JR2] FORM - FORMULATIONS/PREPARATIONS : *GRADES OF PURITY : 99 .5+% [R3] *GRADE : TECHNICAL [R4 ] WS - MANUFACTURERS : ?Arco Chemical Co, Hq, 3801 W Chester Pike, Newtown Square, PA 19073 ; Production site : Channelview, TX 7753 [R5 1 ?Exxon Corp, Hq, 1251 Ave of the Americas, New York, NY 10020,(212) 333-1000 ; Exxon Chemical Co, division, Exxon Chemical Americas, PO Box 3272, Houston, TX 77001 ; Production site : Baton Rouge, LA 7082 [R51 ?Hoechst Celanese Corp, Hq, Route 202-206 N, Somerville, NJ 08876, (201) 231-2000 ; Hoechst Celanes e Chemical Group, Inc, 1250 Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75356-9320 ; Production site: Pampa, TX 7906 [R5] ?Shell Oil Co, Hq, One Shell Plaza, PO Box 246'~, Houston, TX 77252-2463, (713) 241-616 1 ; Shell Chemical Co, division (address same as Hq) ; Production site : Norco, LA 7007 [R5 ] USE - MAJOR USES : *AS SOLVENT ; IN THE SURFACE COATING INDUSTRY ; MFR OF COLORLESS SYNTHETIC RESINS, SMOKELESS POWDER [Rl ] *IN FABRIC COATING ; IN ARTIFICIAL LEATHER MFR ; IN LACQUER & VARNISH INDUSTRY ; IN PHARMACEUTICALS & COSMETICS ; IN SYNTHETIC RUBBER MFR ; IN PRODUCTION OF LUBRICATING OILS [R6] *PAINT REMOVERS ; CEMENTS & ADHESIVES ; ORG SYNTEESIS ; IN CLEANING FLUIDS [R4] *SOLVENT FOR COATINGS-ESP VINYL, NITROCELLULOSE & ACRYLIC [R2 1 *SOLVENT FOR ADHESIVES & MAGNETIC TAPES [R2 ] *EXTRACTION SOLVENT FOR LUBE OIL DEWAXING, AZEOTROPIC SEPN [R21 *SOLVENT FOR PRINTING INKS & IN CLEANING SOLNS [R2]

63980000347p . 2



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*EXTRACTION SOLVENT FOR HARDWOOD PULPING & VEGETABLE OIL [R21 *OXIDN PROMOTER IN MFR OF TEREPHTHALIC ACID FROM P-XYLENE [R21 *SOLVENT & COSOLVENT IN PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS [R2 1 *FRAGRANCE & FLAVORING AGENT-EG, FOR CANDY & IN PERFUMES (Former uses) [R2] *CATALYST IN THE PRODN OF HYDRAZINE (NON-USA USE) [R2] *Used as a sterilizer for bacterial spores on surgical instruments, hypodermic needles/syringe, and dental instruments . [R71 *. .. Solvent . .. required for the polymerization pro~essing of polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, and styrene-butadiene-rubber . [R8] CPAT - CONSUMPTION PATTERNS : *SOLVENT FOR VINYL COATINGS, 30% ; SOLVENT FOR ADHESIVES, 18% ; SOLVENT FOR NITROCELLULOSE COATINGS, 13% ; SOLVENT FOR ACRYLIC COATINGS, 11 % ; SOLVENT FOR OTHER COATINGS, 7% ; SOLVENT FOR MAGNETIC TAPES, 7% ; EXTRACTION SOLVENT FOR LUBE OIL DEWAXING, 5% ; SOLVENT FOR PRINTING INKS, 5%; OTHER, 4% (1981) [R2] *The demand for methyl ethyl ketone was 3 .OX10+ 1 1 g in 1978, 3 .7X 10+ 1 1 g in 1979 and projected to be 3 .6X 10+ 1 1 g in 1983 (production plus imports) [R9 1 *Projected growth figure through 1983 is 4% . Production of industrial coatings was 3 .8% higher in 1978 than year before . Paint and varnish sales grew 13 .6% during the same period . [R9 1 +CHEMICAL PROFILE : Methyl Ethyl Ketone . Coatings solvent, 50% ; adhesives, 13% ; magnetic tapes, 8%; lube oil dewaxing, 4% ; printing inks, 3%; miscellaneous, 6%; exports, 16% . [RIO] +CHEMICAL PROFILE : Methyl ethyl ketone. Demand : 1986 : 582 million lb ; 1987 : 600 million lb ; 1991 /projected/: 600 million lb (Includes exports ; in addition, 52 million lb were imported in 1986) . [RIO] PROD - U .S . PRODUCTION : *(1982) 4 .68XIO+8 lb [RI 11 *(1980) 3 .9XlO+1 I g [R9] *(1977) 2.32X 10+ 11 G [R21 *(1986) 2 .44X10+11 g [R121 *(1985) 5 .37XIO+8 lb [R131 *(1987) 671,859X10+3 lb [R14 1 IMPT - U .S. IMPORTS : *(1977) 3 .58XIG+10 G [R2] *(1982) 1 .90X10+10 G [R2] *(1985) 3 .51XIO+10 g [R151 *5 .2OXlO+7 lb [R16 1 EXPT - U.S . EXPORTS : *(1978) 1 .55XIO+10 G [R2] *(1983) 3 .4OXlO+lO G [R2 ] *(1985) 2 .78X10+10 g [R171 *(1987) 4 .63X10+6 lb [R18 1 CPP - CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES : -------- CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CATEGORY (USE CODE ZCPP) -------- COFO - COLOR/FORM: *COLORLESS LIQUI D ODOR - : *ACETONE-LIKE ODOR; *Sweet, pleasant, pungen t TAST - TASTE: *Taste threshold : 3 .OOxlO+1 ppm in milk (media and purity not specified) ; *Taste threshold : 5 .OOx. 10+1 ppm in milk (purity not specified) BP - BOILING POINT : *79 .6 DEG C MP - MELTING POINT : *-86 .3 DEG C MW- MOLECULAR WEIGHT: *72 .1 0 CTP - CRITICAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE : *CRITICAL TEMP : 504 .5 DEG F= 262 .5 DEG C= 535 .7 DEG K ; CRITICAL PRESSURE : 603 PSIA= 41 .0 ATM= 4 .15 MN/SQ M DEN - DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY : *0 .805 AT 20 DEG C/4 DEG C HTC- HEAT OF COMBUSTION: *-13,480 BTU/LB= -7491 CAL/G-- -313 .6XlO+5 JOULES/K G HTV - HEAT OF VAPORIZATION : *LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION : 191 BTU/LB= 106 CAL/G= 4 .44XIO+5 JOULES/KG OWPC - OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT: *Log Kow-_ 0 .26-0 .29p . 3

3

SOL - SOLUBILITIES : *353 g/l water @ 10 deg C ; *SOL IN ALCOHOL, ETHER, ACETDNE, & BENZENE ; * 190 g/l water @ 90 deg C SPEC - SPECTRAL PROPERTIES : +MAX ABSORPTION (ALCOHOL) : 273 .5 NM (LOG E= 1 .24) ; SADTLER REF NUMBER : 297 (IR, PRISM) ; 101 (IR, GRATING) ; *INDEX OF REFRACTION : 1 .3814 @ 15 DEG C/D ; +IR: 4788 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) ; +UV : 3-21 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data, Phillips et al, John Wiley & Sons, New York) ; +NMR : 76 (Varian Associates NMR Spectra Catalogue) ; +MASS : 68 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) SURF - SURFACE TENSION: *24.6 dyne/cm @ 20 deg C VAPD - VAPOR DENSITY: *2 .41 (Air= 1 ) VAP - VAPOR PRESSURE : *77 .5 TORR @ 20 DEG CEVAP - RELATIVE EVAPORATION RATE : I(EVAPGRATION RATE, 2 .7 (ETHER-0 VISC - VISCOSITY : *0.54 mPa .s @ 0 deg C, 41 mPa.s @ 20 deg C, 0 .34 mPa.s @ 40 deg C OCPP - OTHER CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES : *CONSTANT BOILING MIXTURE WITH WATER, BP 73 .4 DEG C, CONTAINS 88 .7% METHYL ETHYL KETONE (MEK) ; SOLUBILITY OF WATER IN MEK IS 12 .5% @ 25 DEG C *SATURATED AIR CONCN IS 102,000 PPM @ 77 .5 TORR, 20 DEG C *HEAT OF SOLN (EST) : -9 BTU/LB= -5 CAL/G= -0 .2X 10+5 JOULES/KG ; RATIO OF SPECIFIC HEATS OF VAPOR (GAS) : 1 .075 ; VAPOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 2 .5 ; REID VAPOR PRESSURE : 3 .5 PSIA *CONVERSION FACTORS : 1 PPM= 2 .94 MG/CU M; 1 MG/L-- 340 PPM *Heat of fusion : 27 .97 cal/g= 117 .03 J/g= 8,439 J/mol *Coefficient of expansion= 0 .00076/deg F; electrical conductivity-- LOX 10-7 ohms @ 25 deg C *Partition coefficients at 37 deg C for methyl ethyl ketone into blood= 202 ; into oil= 263
. *It is lighter than water . . . and may be expected to float while rapidly dissolving

. SAFE - SAFETY AND HANDLING :

-------------- SAFETY AND HANDLING CATEGORY (USE CODE ZSAF) --------------- DOT - DOT EMERGENCY GUIDELINES : +Fire or Explosion : Flammable/combustible material ; may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames . Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Container may explode in heat of fire
. Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers . Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard . [R 19] +Health Hazards : May be poisonous if inhaled or absorbed through skin . Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation . Contact may irritate or burn skin and eyes . Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases . Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution . [R19] +Emergency Action : Keep unnecessary people away ; isolate hazard area and deny entry . Stay upwind ; keep out of low areas . Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and structural firefighter's protective clothing will provide limited protection . Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire
. CALL CHEMTREC AT 1-800-424-9300 FOR EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE. If water pollution occurs, notify the appropriate authorities
. [R19] +Fire: Small Fires : Dry chemical, C02, Halon, water spray or alcohol foam . Large Fires : Water spray, fog or alcohol foam is recommended . Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk . Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out . Stay away from ends of tanks . For massive fire in cargo area, use unmanned hose holder or monitor nozzles ; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn

. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire . [R191 +Spill or Leak : Shut off ignition sources ; no flares, smoking or flames~ in hazard area . Stop leak if you can do it without risk . Water spray may reduce vapor ; but it may not prevent ignition in closed spaces . Small Spills : Take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal . Large Spills : Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal . [R19 1 +First Aid : Move victim to fresh air and call emergency medical care ; if not breathing, give artificial respiration ; if breathing is difficult, give oxygen . In case of contact with material, immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes . Wash skin with soap and water . Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes at the site . [R19] FPOT - FIRE POTENTIAL : *DANGEROUS WHEN EXPOSED TO BEAT OR FLAME [R20] NFPA - NFPA HAZARD CLASSIFICATION : *Health : 1 . 1= Materials only slightly hazardous to health . It may be desirable to wear self-contained breathing apparatus . [R21,p

. 325M-69] *Flammability : 3 . 3= Materials which can be ignited under almost all normal temperature conditions . Water may bep . 4



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ineffective because of the low flash point . [R2l,p
. 325M-69] *Reactivity: 0 . 0-- Materials which (in themselves) are normally stable even under fire exposure conditions and which are not reactive with water . Normal fire fighting procedures may be used . [R2 l,p . 325M-69 ] FLMT - FLAMMABLE LIMITS : *LOWER 1 .4% @ 93 DEG C (200 DEG F), UPPER 11 .4% @ 93 DEG C (200 DEG F) [R2 l,p . 325M-69] FLPT - FLASH POINT: *-9 deg C (16 deg F) closed ~-,up [R21,p

. 325M-691 AUTO - AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE : *404 deg C (759 deg F) [R2l,p

. 325M-691 FIRP - FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES : *ALC FOAM, DRY CHEMICAL, OR CARBON DIOXIDE [R3 ] *If material on fire or involved in fire : Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped . Use water in flooding quantities as fog . Solid streams of water may be ineffective . Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. [R221 EXPL - EXPLOSIVE LIMITS AND POTENTIAL : *MODERATE, WHEN EXPOSED TO FLAME [R20] *UPPER 10% ; LOWER 1 .8% [R23,1171 ] *DISTILLATION TO SMALL VOL OF A SMALL SAMPLE OF 4 YR OLD MIXT OF 2-PROPANOL WITH 0 .5% OF 2-BUTANONE LED TO A VIOLENT EXPLOSION, & PRESENCE OF PEROXIDES WAS SUBSEQUENTLY CONFIRMED . [R24] REAC - REACTIVITIES AND INCOMPATIBILITIES : *Keep material away from explosives, oxidizing agents, poisons, organic peroxides and radioactive materials . [R25 1 *Avoid copper [R26 1 *CONTACT OF 1 .5 G PORTIONS OF SOLID POTASSIUM TERT-BUTOXIDE WITH THE VAPORS OF 2-BUTANONE CAUSED IGNITION AFTER I & 0 .5 MIN . [R24 1 *MIXING METHYL ETHYL KETONE & CHLOROSULFONIC ACID OR OLEUM IN A CLOSED CONTAINER CAUSED THE TEMP & PRESSURE TO INCR . [R21,p . 491M-90] *Avoid strong oxidizers, amines, ammonia, inorganic acids, caustics, isocyanates, alkanol, pyridines, and inorganic acids . [R27 1 ODRT - ODOR THRESHOLD : *Odor low-- 0 .7375 mg/cu in ; Odor high= 147 .5 mg/cu in . [R28] *Detection limit in water : 5 .00xl0+1 ppm. (purity not specified) [R29 ] *Recognition in air : 1 .00xlO+l ppm (chemically pure) [R29] *Detection limit in air : 2 .00xl0+1 ppm (purity nci specified) [R29] *Recognition in air : 5 .50xl0+1 ppm (purity not specified) [R291 SERI - SKIN, EYE, AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS : *High atm concn .. . are irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat

. . . . [R30, 4728 ] *Vapor is irritating to human mucous membranes and conjuntivae @ 200 ppm after 15 min [R3 I EQUP - PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND CLOTHING : *ORG CANISTER OR AIR PACK ; PLASTIC GLOVES [R31 *Skin contact should be avoided by the use of protective gloves ; goggles may also be necessary to prevent eye contact. /Ketones/ [R23, 1173] *The following types of respirators should be selected under the prescribed concentrations : 1000 ppm: 1) Any powered air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) 2) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridges(s)
. 3000 ppm : 1) Any air-purifying full facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style or front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister . 2) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode

. 3) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece . 4) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece . Emergency or planned entry in unknown concentration or IDLH conditions: 1) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode . Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece

. 1) Any supplied-air respirator with a full face piece and operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode . Escape: 1) Any air-purifying full facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style or front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister . 2) Any appropriate escape-type self-contained breathing apparatus . [R32] *Breakthrough times greater than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers were found for butyl rubber gloves . [R33] *Breakthrough times less (usually significantly less) than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers werep . 5



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found for natural rubber latex gloves, unsupported ; neoprene/natural rubber blend ; nitrile rubber glove, unsupported ; polyethylene glove; polyvinyl alcohol glove, supported; polyvinyl chloride glove, unsupported ; and viton, raw material
. [R33 1 OPRM - OTHER PREVENTIVE MEASURES : *Work practices and industrial hygiene techniques should minimize the volatilization of ketones in the workroom air in order to ensure that the exposure limits are not exceeded . /Ketones/ [R23, 1173 1 *If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away . Keep material out of water sources and sewers . Build dikes to contain flow as necessary . Attempt to stop leak if without hazard . Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid . [R22] *Personnel protection : Avoid breathing vapors . Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment . Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water . [R22 1 *A major concern in the painting studio is solvents, /including methyl ethyl ketone/., . . . Precautions include . .. use of dilution and local exhaust ventilation, control of storage areas, disposal of solvent soaked rags in covered containers, minimizing skin exposure and the use of respirators and other personal protective equipment . The control of fire hazards is also important, since many of the solvents are highly flammable. [R341 *Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical . [R35 1 *Contact lens use in industry is controversial
. A survey of 100 corporations resulted in the recommendation that each company establish their own contact lens use policy . One presumed hazard of contact lens use is possible chemical entrapment . /It was/ found that contact lens minimized injury or protected the eye . The eye was afforded more protection from liquid irritants . Soft contact lenses do not worsen corneal damage from strong chemicals and in some cases could actually protect the eye. Overall, the literature supports the wearing of contact lenses in industrial environments as part of the standard eye protection, eg, face shields ; however, more data are needed to establish the value of contact lenses
. [R361 *SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing . Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers

. SSL - STABILITY/SBELF LIFE : *Stability during transport : stable [R3 ] SHIP - SHIPMENT METHODS AND REGULATIONS : *No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by .. . /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./ [R371*Domestic Transportation : Chemical : Methyl ethyl ketone. Primary Hazard Class : Flammable liquid

. A flammable liquid is any liquid that has a flash point below 100 deg F (37 deg C) . UN 1193 . Label(s) required : Flammable liquid

. Acceptable Modes of transportation : Air, rail, road, and water . [R38 1 *Int'l Air Shipments : Chemical : Ethyl methyl ketone (Methyl ethyl ketone) . IMO Class : 3 . UN 1193 . Primary hazard label : Flammable liquid (packaging group II) . Additional packaging instructions listed in the table must also be followed. [R39] *International Water Shipments : Chemical : Ethyl methyl ketone . M10 Class: 3 .2, Flammable liquids, intermediate flasbpoint group

. UN 1193 . Packing Group : II . Label(s) required : Flammable liquid. [R40] STRG - STORAGE CONDITIONS : *Close tightly, store in cool place, and check intermittently for leakage .. . Preferably provide electrical equip with spark-resistant construction . [R25 1 CLUP - CLEANUP METHODS : *The Hazardous Materials Technical Center (HMTC), an EPA emergency response cleanup services contractor cleaned up a methyl ethyl ketone (NIEK) spill and decontaminated the groundwater . The spill cleanup involved removing low concentrations of MEK from groundwater . The spill was caused by an overturned tank truck containing 7200 gallons of MEK . MEK was directed into four dry wells that served as primary storm drainage . Immediately after the incident, 6000 gallons of water were pumped from the dry well ; 2400 gallons of MEK were recovered from the water . About 1500 gallons of MEK were removed from the truck, and the remaining 3300 gallons of NIEK either vaporized or entered an unsaturated zone . MEK concentrations up to 2200 mg/l were reduced to 50 ug/l before reinjection . Levels of MEK in the sample wells, production wells, and reinjection wells were reduced to nondetectable levels . [R41p . 6



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DISP - DISPOSAL METHODS : *SRP : At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill ) disposal practices are subject to significant revision . Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices . +Incineration . Recommendable methods : Incineration, open burning, use as a fuel, evaporation, discharge to sewer
. Peer-review: Potentially contains peroxides which may be explosive . Evaporate small amt only . Dilute with much water before discharge to sewer . (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985)) [R42 1 *A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids
. A ~;ood candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids
. A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 deg C and a residence time of 0. 1 to 2 seconds
. [R431 *The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for methyl ethyl ketone : solvent extraction and activated carbon . [R44] *Methyl ethyl ketone is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration . [R45] TOXB - TOXICITY/BIOMEDICAL EFFECTS:

----------TOXICITY/BlOMEDICAL EFFECTS CATEGORY (USE CODE ZTOB) ----------- TXHR - TOXIC HAZARD RATING: +CLASSIFICATION : D ; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity
. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on no human carcinogenicity data and inadequate animal data

. HUMAN CARCINOGENIC= DATA: None

. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA : Inadequate . [R46] MEDS - MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE : *Annual physical examinations which include blood cell counts . Protect from exposure individuals with diseases of the skin, blood and central nervous system . [R25 1 HTOX - HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS : *SIMILAR TO BUT MORE IRRITATING THAN ACETONE. VAPOR IS IRRITATING TO MUCOUS MEMBRANES & CONJUNCTIVA @ 200 PPM AFTER 15 MIN .. . . [R31 1 *HIGH ATM CONCN OF MET14YL ETHYL KETONE ARE IR.RITATING TO THE EYES, NOSE, AND THROAT AND PROLONGED EXPOSURE MAY PRODUCE CNS DEPRESSION .. . NO UNTOWARD EFFECTS HAVE BEEN REPORTED FOR CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO LOW CONCN. PROLONGED SKIN CONTACT MAY DEFAT T14E SKIN AND PRODUCE DERMATITIS

. IF SPLASHED IN THE EYES 117 MAY PRODUCE PAINFUL IRRITATION AND CORNEAL INJURY . [R30,4728 1 *IN HIGH CONCENTRATIONS MAY BE . . . /CNS DEPRESSANT/. [R47 1 * .. . WORKERS EXPOSED TO 300-500 PPM COMPLAINED OF HEADACHE, IRRITATION, AND NAUSEA . EXPOSURES TO 700 PPM LED TO NO PERMANENT UNTOWARD EFFECTS. MOMENTARY EXPOSURE TO 33,000 AND 100,000 PPM PRODUCED INTOLERABLE IRRITATION OF THE EYES, NOSE, AND THROAT . [R30,47301 *SHORT EXPOSURE OF WORKERS TO 500 PPM . . . IN AIR PROVOKED NAUSEA AND VONUTING

. . . SEVERAL CASES OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY .. . OBSERVED /AFTERJ ACUTE PROLONGED OR REPEATED EXPOSURE. NEUROPATHY IS USUALLY SYMMETRICAL, PAINLESS WITH SENSORY LESIONS PREDONIINATING ; IT MAY INVOLVE UPPER OR LOWER LIM[BS ; IN SOME CASES THE FINGERS HAVE BEEN AFFECTED FOLLOWING RvIMERSION . . . IN THE LIQUID . DERMATMS . . . REPORTED AFTER M"ERSION IN THE LIQUID AND AFTER EXPOSURE TO CONCN VAPORS

. /KETONES/ [R23,1171 ] *METHYL ETHYL KETONE IS U-0PLICATED AS THE CAUSE OF RETROBULBAR NEURITIS IN PT WHO USED THE SOLVENT IN REMOVING PAINT FROM AN AIRPLANE HANGAR . [R48 1 *Exposure of the forearm for 1 hr/day for 6 consecutive days produced damage to the horny layer of the epithelium

.

. .. Methyl ethyl ketone can defat and partially dehydrate the stratum corneum of human skin without producing irritation or inflammation . [R30, 4731 ] *A workman splashed his eye accidentally /with methyl ethyl ketone/, but the next day had only slight conjunctival hyperemia and no residual corneal injury . Despite the mildness of the injury, in the next few days the affected eye developed severe anterior uveitis triggered by slight trauma . [R491 *Toxic effects of common organic solvents on workers /were/ examined . The most notable acute effects of occupational exposure to organic solvents are /CNS depression/ and other nerve dysfunctions . The common symptoms of short term exposure are fatigue, headache, nausea, sleep disturbance, and alteration in memory . Psychomotorp . 7



### 7

performance of adverse effects on intellectual or memory functions are demonstrated with psychological test batterie s after long-term occupational exposure to organic solvents . The mutagenic, carcinogenic, and toxicological effects of .. . methyl ethyl ketone . .. are summarized

. .. . In clinical observations, the effects of organic solvents can cause increased excretion of abnormal cells and protein in urine . This indicates the possible correlation between long-term exposure and renal disease. [R501 *A case of contact urticaria (CU) caused by methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) was reported
. .. . A cotton swab test with MEK to the normal skin on his forearm caused the skin to turn bright red . The spot was itchy, but no induration or edema was noticed . The reaction reached its maximum after 15 minutes and then gradually faded . The test was repeated after two days with the same results . Application of the same grade MEK to five medical staff members produced no reaction
. . .. MEK should be added to the list of agents that are not only irritants, but can also cause contact urticaria
. [R5 11 *. . . Has a low toxicity following both acute and chronic exposures . [R30, 47281 *HIGH ATM CONCN . . . ARE IRRITATING TO THE EYES, NOSE, AND THROAT AND PROLONGED EXPOSURE MAY PRODUCE CNS DEPRESSION .. . NO UNTOWARD EFFECTS HAVE BEEN REPORTED FOR CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO LOW CONCN . PROLONGED SKIN CONTACT MAY DEFAT THE SKIN AND PRODUCE DERMATTFIS

. IF SPLASHED IN THE EYES IT MAY PRODUCE PAINFUL IRRITATION AND CORNEAL INJURY . [R30,4728 1 +To determine whether unchanged solvent urinary concentration could be used as a biological exposure index, workers occupationally exposed to various solvents were studied . Nine unrelated groups (a total of 659 males) working in plastic boat, chemical, plastic button, paint, and shoe factories were studied . Urine samples were collected at the beginning of the workshift and at the end of the first half of the shift
. A close relationship (correlation coefficient always above 0 .85) between the average environmental solvent concentration (mg/cu in) measured in the breathing zone and the urinary concentration of unchanged solvent (ug/1) was observed . [R52] *. .. Seventy healthy male and female volunteers, 18 to 32 years old, with no previous prolonged exposure to solvents were exposed to 0 or 250 ppm acetone, 200 ppm MEK, or 125 ppm acetone plus 100 ppm MEK vapors for 4 hours in an exposure chamber . Expired air samples were collected before exposure, after 2 and 4 hours exposure, 90 minutes after exposure ended, and the next morning . Blood samples were collected on the day preceding exposure, at 2 or 4 hours of exposure, 2 hours after exposure ended, and the following day . Samples were analyzed for acetone and MEK by gas or gas/liquid chromatography
. . .. Blood MEK or acetone concentrations continued to increase throughout exposure, the increases between 2 and 4 hours being larger in the case of acetone . Acetone concentrations in the breath took longer to decrease than those of MEK . No interactive effects were noted in the combined exposures . Blood acetone and MEK concentrations were moderately correlated with their breath concentrations . Blood MEK and acetone concentrations tended to be lower in female subjects than in males ; however, the differences were significant only for acetone in the combination exposure after 2 hours exposure and 90 minutes postexposure

. . .. [R53 1 *An outbreak of toxic polyneuropathy resulting from sniffing a glue thinner was described . In early summer 1975, a new glue thinner was placed on the market; it was found upon analysis to contain methyl ethyl ketone as well as n-hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate, and toluene. Eighteen cases of toxic polyneuropathy occurred among 16 to 35 year old males in West Berlin, Germany, after introduction of the new thinner . The cases stemmed from sniffing the new thinner

. The neurological symptoms of the cases consisted of an ascending polyneuropathy starting with paraplegia of the legs which spread to the arms and which was accompanied by severe muscle atrophy . Hypesthesia, dysesthesia, hyperpathia, and palthypesthesia were present in the hands and feet . The motor disturbances reached maximum severity 6 to 10 weeks after the onset of symptoms . Seven cases were tetraplegic at the height of their illness . Nerve conduction studies showed reductions in nerve velocity that were proportional to the degree of paresis . Electromyographic studies showed damage to the motor neurons in all patients . Biopsies conducted on samples of the sural nerve from four cases showed paranodal axon swelling, dense masses of neurofilaments, and neurogenic atrophy of muscle fibers and violent disintegration of some muscle fibers . Eight months later all patients still showed motor deficits, the most severe deficit, distal atrophy, being seen in the tetraplegic cases . The methyl ethyl ketone containing thinner was taken off the market, and no new cases were observed . [R54] NTOX - NON-HUMAN TDXICITY EXCERPTS : *THE SINGLE DOSE ORAL TOXICITY . . . HAS BEEN DETERMINED TO BE 3 .3 G/KG . . . FOR RATS

. MASSIVE DOSES MAY BE EXPECTED TO RESULT IN IRRITATION OF THE LUNG & . . . /CNS DEPRESSION/ . [R55 1 *Guinea pigs exposed to 3300 ppm for 13 .5 hr showed no signs of intoxication . Exposure to 10,000 ppm for ap . 8



### 8

similar period produced irritation of the eyes and nose within 4 min and /CNS depression/ between 4-5 hr . Exposure to 33,000 ppm for 200 min produced /CNS depression/ and death . Exposure to 100,000 ppm for 45-55 min produced /CNS depression/ after 10 min . [R30,4729] *Exposure /of rats/ to 4000 ppm /for 2 hr/ killed 4 of 6 animals . Exposure to 8000 ppm killed 3 of 6 rats in 8 hr, while 10,000 ppm for I hr produced irritation of the eyes and nose . [R30, 4729] *EXPOSURE TO 1500 PPM OF METHYL ETHYL KETONE (MEK) ALONE FOR 7-9 WK DID NOT CAUSE PARALYSIS BUT DID ELEVATE PLASMA CHOLINESTERASE LEVELS IN MICE, RATS, & CHICKENS . [R561*ANALYSIS OF PORPHYRIN CONTENT OF MURINE ERYTHROLEUKEMIA (MEL) CELLS INCUBATED WITH 2-BUTANONE SHOWED THAT INCR HEMOGLOBIN SYNTH WAS ACCOMPANIED BY ACCUM OF PORPHYRINS . [R571 *T'he effects of the solvents n-hexane, butanone (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK) and a mixture of both in the intrapulmonary nerve system of rats were studied by light and electron microscopy . The alteration in the fine structures of the tissues consisted in a disseminated swelling of axons due to a striking multiplication of neurofilaments . Nonspecific axonal alterations could be demonstrated as well . The latter consisted in clusters of phospholipid material within the axoplasm of nerve fibers and the cytoplasm of Schwann cells plus an accumulation of glycogen granules in the axoplasm . Additionally, single degenerative changes of Schwann cells were observed . [R58 1 *METHYL ETHYL KETONE DELAYED MATCH-TO-SAMPLE DISCRIMINATION TASK IN THE fUVENILE BABOON & ALSO SLOWED RESPONSE TMIES & INCR EXTRA RESPONSES . [R59 1 *METHYL ETHYL KETONE WAS EVALUATED FOR EFFECTS ON A DELAYED MATCH TO SAMPLE DISCRIMINATION TASK IN THE JUVENILE BABOONS . THE ANIMALS WERE EXPOSED TO HALF THE THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE (245 MG/CU M) FOR 24 HR PER DAY DURING A 7 DAY PERIOD

. EACH EXPOSURE CONDITION AFFECTED ACCURACY OF PERFORMANCE MWIMALLY BUT RESULTED IN INCREASED AND DECREASED EXTRA RESPONSES DURING THE DELAY INTERVALS . [R60] *Intraperitoneal injection of 750, 1500 or 2000 mg/kg methyl ethyl ketone to guinea pigs resulted in elevated serum ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) activity at the highest dose, where one of four animals died, and deposition of lipids in the liver with either 1500 or 2000 mg/kg was found . [R6 I ] *Incubation of Ehrlich-Landschutz diploid ascites tumor cells in media containing 50 and 100 ppm methyl ethyl ketone resulted in the destruction of 10.5 and 14 .0% of the cells . Control incubations lost only 4 .2% of cells in the 5 hr period . [R62 1 *Mutagenicity screening in Escherichia coli WP2, and Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1536 and TA1538 was negative. [R63] *Pregnant rats inhaled 0, 400, 1000, or 3000 ppm of methyl ethyl ketone for 7 hr/day on days 6-15 of gestation

. Maternal toxicity evidenced by decreased weight gain and increased water consumption was seen among rats exposed to 3000 ppm . Fetotoxicity (increased incidence of 2 minor skeletal variants) was observed among litters of rats exposed to 3000 ppm . [R64] *Groups of rats were exposed to 100 ppm hexane, 200 ppm methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), or fresh air in an exposure chamber 12 hr daily for 24 weeks . Body weight, motor nerve conduction velocity, distal motor latency, and mixed conduction velocities were measured before exposure and after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 wk exposure

. .. . Exposure to 200 ppm MEK significantly increased motor nerve conduction velocity, and mixed conduction velocities and decreased distal motor latency after 4 week exposure ; but at a later stage no significant changes were found . Mixed exposure to 100 ppm hexane and 200 ppm significantly decreased distal motor latency after 4 week exposure and decreased motor nerve conduction velocity and mixed conduction velocities after 20 and 24 week exposure . [R65] *Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed, by inhalation to . . . methyl ethyl ketone (800 ppm, 2345 mg/cu in)

. . . for 4 weeks . Increased liver weights and liver-to-body weight ratios were observed . Methyl ethyl ketone depressed the formation of 2 metabolites of androstenedione but did not alter the concentration of cytochrome p450 in companion in vitro microsomal. metabolism studies . [R661 *Vapors in concn of 1000 ppm or 3000 ppm were embryotoxic and fetotoxic in rats causing acaudia, imperforate anus, and brachygnathia, as well as retardation of fetal development . [R31 1 *Testing of a drop on rabbit eyes indicates moderate reversible injury, graded 5 on a scale of 1-10. [R49] *Male and female Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 0, 1250, 2500, or 5000 ppm methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) vapors 6 hr/day, 5 day/wk for 90 days . The 90 day exposures had no adverse effect on the clinical health or growth ofP . 9

9

male or female rats except for a depression of mean body wt in the 5000 ppm exposure group . The 5000 ppm animal s had a slight but significant increase in liver weight, liver weight/body weight ratio, and liver weight/brain weight ratio at necropsy . Serum glutarnic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity in the 2500 ppm female rats was elevated while the 5000 ppm female rats exhibited significantly decreased serum glutamic-pyruvic transarninase SGPT activity . In addition, alkaline phosphatase, potassiun-4 and blood glucose values for the 5000 ppm female rats were increased
. . .. [R67] *Chinese hamsters were exposed to .. . methy ethyl ketone . .. known to be a strong inducer of aneuploidy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

. . . . Solvent yielded negative results in the rriicro-nucleus test . [R68 1
* .. . Cultures of mature organotypic cord ganglia were extracted from fetal mouse spinal cord with the attached dorsal root . MEK at 300 ug/ml nutrient fluid was added to cultures for periods of up to 7 weeks . Cultures were examined under microscope twice weekly for morphological changes and were sampled at 3, 5, and 7 weeks for electron microscopy . Treated cultures remained viable for the 7 week exposure period . After 6 to 7 weeks of exposure, distinct intraaxonal inclusion occurred along proximal and distal internodes of occasional sensory peripheral nerves (PNS) . The structures lengthened and darkened throughout the exposure period and were often associated with axoplasmic granularity . The earliest change in cytoplasm was dispersion of Nissl bodies, which resulted in excessive numbers of free ribosomes or polyribosomal changes . There was a distension of neuronal cisternal systems
. By week 5 there were abnormal amounts of smooth or agranular endoplasmic reticulum which appeared swollen with a translucent material
. A swollen agranular recticulurn, was often associated with foci of axoplasmic debris . By week 7, intra-axonal cores of debris and myelin whorls were documented in 25% of the central nervous system and sensory perpipheral nerves axons examined ultrastucturally
. . .. [R69 ] *Chemical test results for cytogenetic effects in Chinese hamster ovary cells . .. were negative for both chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges . [R70] NTXV - NON-HUMAN TOXICITY VALUES : *TDLo Pseudomonas putida

. 1150 mg/l ; toxic effects : cell multiplication [R71 1 ETXV - ECOTOXICITY VALUES : *Toxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Scenedesmus quadricauda (green algae) 4300 mg/l /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ [R71 1 *Toxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Entosiphon sulcatum (protoza) 190 mg/l /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ [R71 1 *Toxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Uronema parduczi 2830 ing/l /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ [R7 1 ] *TLm Gambusia affinis (mosquito fish) 5600 mg/l 24-96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ [R71 1 *TLm Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) 5640-1690 mg/l 24-96 hr (tapwater) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ [R7 11 *LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 3220 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 3130-3320 mg/1) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ [R72 1 TCAT - TSCA TEST SUBMISSIONS : The ability of methyl ethyl ketone to induce morphological transformation in the BALB/3T3 mouse cell line (Cell Transformation Assay) was evaluated both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor- induced rat liver S9 fraction. Based on preliminary clonal toxicity determinations (exposure time=2 hrs), inethyl ethyl ketone, diluted with phosphate buffered saline, was tested at 18, 13 and 9ul/ml in the absence of metabolic activation, with cell survival ranging from 93 .3% to 51 .1% relative to the solvent control
. Assays with metabolic activation were tested at 10, 8 and 6ul/ml (exposure time=2 hrs), with cell survival ranging from 85 .7% to 67 .3% . None of the tested concentrations produced significantly greater transformation frequencies (p > 0.05, Modified Poisson Distribution) relative to the solvent control . [R73 ] An inhalation teratology study was conducted with pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (25/group) receiving whole body exposure to methyl ethyl ketone in a dynamic air flow chamber, 7hours/day on days 6 through 15 of gestation . There was no effect of treatment for all animals as indicated by clinical observations, absolute or relative liver weights, food consumption, number of pregnancies, and mortality . Maternal toxicity was evident by statistical differences between high dose groups and controls for : maternal body weights, maternal body weight gain and water consumption . The average number of live fetuses per litter, incidence of resorption rates, fetal body weight or crown-rump length were not significantly affected by treatment . Significant differences were observed between the fetuses of the control and high dose group for skeletal variations, but no significant external or soft-tissue alterations were observed in any of the fetuses of treated females . [R74 1 The ability of methyl ethyl ketone to induce specific locus mutations at the TY, locus in cultured L5178Y mouseP . 10

1 0 lymphoma. cells (Mouse Lymphoma Mutagenicity Assay) was evaluated in the presence and absence of Aroclor- induced rat liver S9 metabolic activation . Based on preliminary toxicity tests, 10 nonactivated cultures treated with 12, 8 .9, 6 .7, 5 .0, 3 .8, 2 .8, 2 .1, 1 .6, 1 .2 and 0 .89uVn-fl were cloned, producing a range of 46 - 122% total growth . Ten S9-activated cultures treated with 8 .9, 6 .7, 5 .0, 3 .8, 2 .8, 2 .1, 1 .6, 1 .2, 0.89 and 0 .67ul/n-fl were cloned, producing a range of 30 - 116% total growth . None of the cultures that were cloned produced mutant frequencies which were significantly greater than the mean mutant frequency of the solvent controls (DMSO, acetone) . [R75 1 The mutagenicity of methyl ethyl ketone was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 (Ames Test), both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction . Based on the results of the preliminary bacterial toxicity determinations, methyl ethyl ketone, diluted with DMSO, was tested for mutagenicity at concentrations up to 32ul/plate (presence metabolic activation) and l6ul/plate (absence metabolic activation) using the preincubation technique . Methyl ethyl ketone did not cause a reproducible positive response in any of the bacterial tester strains, either with or without metabolic activation . [R76 1 The mutagenicity of methyl . ethyl ketone (MEK) was evaluated in bacterial tester strains E . coli WP2 and WP2uvrA and Salmonella TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae tester strai n JD 1, both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction . Based on preliminary bacterial toxicity determinations, MEK, diluted with DMSO, was tested for mutagenicity at concentrations up to 4000 ug/plate in the bacterial tests and 5000 ug/plate in the yeast tests using the agar overlay method . MEK did not cause a positive response in any of the bacterial tester strains, either with or without metabolic activation . [R77 1 Methyl ethyl ketone was evaluated for the ability to increase the incidence of rnicronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of male and female CD- I mice treated by single i .p . injection (Micronucleus Test) . Groups of 10 mice (5 male, 5 female) were sacrificed 12, 24 and 48 hours following injection of methyl ethyl ketone in corn oil at a dose of 1 .96ml/kg body weight (calculated LD20 dose) . The ratio of normochromatic to polychromatic erythrocytes were not significantly different (p > 0 .05, ANOVA) in the treated groups compared with vehicle controls, regardless of sacrifice time. The incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was increased above the vehicle control 24 hours after administration, but was not considered statistically significant when compared to all treatment and vehicle control groups regardless of sacrifice time (p > 0 .05, ANOVA) . [R78] The effects of methyl ethyl ketone were examined in the rat hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair assay . Based on preliminary toxicity tests, methyl ethyl ketone was tested at concentrations of 5 .0 (relative toxicity 74.67%), 2 .5, 1 .0, 0.5, 0 .1 or 0.0lul/rril (relative toxicity 6 .67%) . None of the tested concentrations caused a significant increase in the unscheduled DNA synthesis over the solvent control (DMSO) . [R79 1 The ability of methyl ethyl ketone to cause chromosome aberrations was evaluated in cultured rat (strain not reported) liver cell line . Based on preliminary toxicity determinations, rat liver cultures were exposed to 250, 500 or 1000ug/ml and incubated for 24 hours . Two hours prior to the end of incubation, colcemid was added and at the end of incubation period 100 cells from each culture were analyzed . No increase (statistical analysis not reported) in the frequency of chromatid gaps, chromatid breaks or total chromatid aberrations were observed in any of the cultures . [R80 1 ADE - ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION AND EXCRETION : *Measurable (2 .54 to 13 ug/1) quantities of methyl ethyl ketone appeared in expired air of adult humans 3 min following dermal exposure to 100 ml methyl ethyl ketone applied to 91 .5 sq cm. of skin . [R8 1 ] *Ketones are readily absorbed through the intact skin . Usually they are rapidly excreted . . . in the expired air

. /Ketones/ [R23, 1170 1 *Workers occupationally exposed to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were examined

. .. . Workers exposed to 300 micrograms per liter MEK, the aveolar concri was 30% of the environmental concn . Lung uptake averaged 1 .05 mg/min

. The blood concn of MEK ranged from 842 to 9573 ug/l, with a mean of 2630 ug/l . Blood concri of MEK were strongly correlated with alveolar concn . MEK was more soluble in heart and muscle tissue than in lung tissue or fat . Urinary MEK excretion ranged from 120 to 1 120 mg/l, with a mean of 487 mg/l

. . . . MEK was not persistent in the tissues

. . .. Urinary excretion of MEK and acetylmethylcarbinol are only around 0. 1 % of MEK lung absorption, the main pathway through which MEK is eliminated is unknown . [R821 *ALTHOUGH ABSORPTION .. . THROUGH THE SKIN MAY OCCUR, IT HAS BEEN SHOWN TJiAT IT IS LOW IN TOXICITY BY THIS ROUTE . [R55] MET7B - METABOLISM/METABOL17IES : *METHYL ETHYL KETONE (MEK) OCCURS .. . IN NORMAL HUMAN URINE & . . . HAS POSSIBLE DIETARY ORIGIN ; ITS MORE PROBABLE PRECURSOR ISP .

ALPHA-METHYLACETOACETIC ACID . LIKE OTHER KETONES .. . MEK IS REDUCED . .. IN THE BODY

. ONLY 30-40% . .. IS ELIMINATED IN EXPIRED AIR

. . . . [R6 1 *IT HAS BEEN SHOWN TO INCREASE THE GLUCURONIC ACID OUTPUT . . . & URINE OF RABBITS RECEIVING IT HAS BEEN STATED . . . TO CONTAIN THE GLUCURONIDE OF 2-BUTANOL . [R61 *GUINEA PIGS WERE GIVEN SINGLE 450 MG/KG IP DOSES OF METHYL ETHYL KETONE (MEK)
. MEK PRODUCED 2-BUTANOL, 3-HYDROXY-2-BUTANONE, & 2,3-BUTANEDIOL . [R83 1 *Uptake of oxygen by Mycobacterium smegmatis 442, and Corynebacterium sp during metabolism of I ul of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) in Warburg respirometers, was 196 and 266 ul of oxygen respectively . [R84 ] *Milk cultures of five Leuconostoc dextranicum strains were capable of reducing methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to 2-butyl alcohol . [R85] *Resting cells of Lactobacillus brevis 24 reduced methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) quantitatively to 2-butyl alcohol when incubated in phosphate buffer for 24 hr at 30 deg C. [R86] *Rats were given a single oral dose of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) . The blood concn of MEK and metabolites 4 hr after dosing were : MEK (94 .1 mg/100 ml) ; 2-butanol (3 .2 ing/100 ml); 3-bydroxy-2-butanol (2 .4 mg/100 ml) and 2,3-butanediol (8 .6 mg/100 ml) . Blood concn of the parent compound and metabolites 18 hr after dosing with MEK were : MEK (6 .2 mg/100 ml) ; 2-butanol (0.6 mg/100 ml) ; 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (1 .4 mg/100 ml) ; and 2,3-butanediol (25 .6 mg/100 ml) . JR87 ] BHL - BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE : *Guinea pigs were given a single dose of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) ip at 450 mg/kg . Blood samples were taken via cardiac puncture at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16 hr after dosing . Serum half-life of MEK was estimated at 270 minutes . [R88 ] * .. . The biological half lives for elimination of acetone and MEK calculated on the basis of a first order kinetic assumption were 3 .9 hours and 49 minutes, respectively
. .. . Workers exposed to acetone or MEK for 6 to 8 hours could expect to have a residual body burden of acetone the next morning, whereas MEK would he essentially eliminated . [R53 1 ACTN - MECHANISM OF ACTION : *The effects of the solvents n-hexane, butanone (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK) and a mixture of both in the intrapulmonary nerve system of rats were studied by light and electron microscopy . The alteration in the fine structures of the tissue consisted in a disseminated swelling of axons due to a striking multiplication of neurofilaments . Nonspecific axonal alterations could be demonstrated as well . The latter consisted in clusters of phospholipid material within the axoplasm of nerve fibers and the cytoplasm of Schwann cells plus an accumulation of glycogen granules in the axoplasm . Additionally, single degenerative changes of Schwann cells were observed . An enzyme associated metabolic damage with a concomitant impairment of axonal flow is discussed as a possible underlying pathomechanism . [R89 ] INTC - INTERACTIONS : *IT DOES NOT APPEAR TO BE NEUROTOXIC BY ITSELF, IT POTENTIATES NEUROTOXICITY OF OTHER HEXACARBONS ; REPORTED IN HUMANS EXPOSED TO METHYL ETHYL KETONE (MEK) & N-HEXANE . [R90 ] *Methyl ethyl ketone potentiates carbon tetrachloride hepatoxicity in rats . Oral dosing with methyl ethyl ketone at 1 .87, 2 .4, or 1 .2 ml/kg followed by ip injection with carbon tetrachloride at 0.1 ml/kg significantly enhanced the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride as measured by increased serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity and hepatic triglyceride concentration and decreased hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity . [R91 J *A study of the potential relationship between methyl ethyl ketone and 2,5-hexanedione was conducted . Male F344 rats weighing between 200 and 320 g were used

. A sensorimotor/behavioral battery consisting of two simple reflex tests, hind limb grasp and hind limb place, and two complex function tests, balance beam and accelerating rotorod performance, was used for identification and quantification of neurological deficits
. .. . The enhancement o f 2,5-hexanedione induced toxicity by methyl ethyl ketone could be correlated with higher tissue exposures of 2,5-hexanedione in animals receiving the combined treatment
. . . . Methyl ethyl ketone may compete with 2,5-hexanedione for critical and non-critical binding sites at the target neurofilament proteins . [R92] *The effects of acute exposure to toluene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) singly and in combination were investigated

. .. . The effects of these chemicals on behavior and body burden were determined

. .. . MEK bad no effect on any measures . Behavior performance was not affected by the combination of toluene and MEK . Body burden of the two solvents was not additive

. . .. Neither chemical potentiated the effect of the other at the concentrations studied . [R93] * .. . An important observation was the marked potentiation of peripheral neurotoxicity observed when animals were exposed to n-butyl ketone in combination with methyl ethyl ketone at a ratio of 1 :5, n-butyl ketone : methyl ethyl ketone

.p . 12



### 12

The latter solvent showed no neurotoxic effect alone . [R94] *. .. The toxic neuropathy induced by methyl ethyl ketone is clinically and morphologically identical with that induced by n-hexane and methyl butyl ketone . Methyl ethyl ketone can act synergistically with n-hexane to produce toxic neuropathy . [R54] ENEX - ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/EXPOSURE POTENTIAL :

----- ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/EXPOSURE POTENTIAL CATEGORY (USE CODE ZENE) ------ ENVS - ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/EXPOSURE SLJN04ARY : *Large quantities of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) are used as a solvent especially in the coatings industry

. M[EK will be discharged into the atmosphere from this and other industrial uses . It will also be discharged in waste water

. hi additigl4lih atmospheric MEK levels are associated with photoche~m~i~cals,m

_ y"~although it is generally absent from ambient air. It is formed as a result of the natural

~o ~ e lifi_`318_bo~xidation of olefinic hydrocarbons which get in the air from automobiles, etc . When discharged into water, MEK will be lost by evaporation (half-life 3-12 days) or be slowly biodegraded . When released to the atmosphere, it will photodegrade at a moderate rate (half-life 2 .3 days or less) . M[I~K would not be expected to bioconcentrate into aquatic organisms . Major human exposure is from occupational atmospheres or ambient air in the vicinity of industrial sources or during photochemical smog episodes . Although there is limited data, MEK-i&zzaturaLczmpnneuLDL&ome-foods so ingestion is also a source of exposure .(SRC) NATS - NATURALLY OCCURRING SOURCES : *Volcanos, forest fires, products of biological degradation, natural component of food(1,2) . [R951 ARTS - ARTIFICIAL SOURCES : *Emissions from its use as a solvent for lacquers, adhesives, rubber cement, printing inks, paint removers and cleaning solutions, catalyst, and carrier, and waste water from these uses (1,2,4,5) . Stack emission, fugitive emissions and waste water relating to its production, storage, transport and disposal(5)

. Photochemical air pollution(3) ; combustion processes such as gasoline exhaust and cigarette smoke(2,5) . [R96] *Water pollution : Polyvinyl chloride pipe cement ased for joint connection caused 4 .5 ppm, 6 months after polyvinyl chloride pipe installation and 2 .2 ppm after 8 months (at equilibrium condition-reached in about 48 hr) . [R711 FATE - ENVIRONMENTAL FATE : *TERRESTRIAL FATE : When spilled on land, methyl ethyl ketone will partially evaporate into the atmosphere and partially leach into the ground . Its degradation in soil is unknown .(SRC ) *AQUATIC FATE: When released into water, methyl ethyl ketone will evaporate into the atmosphere with expected half-lives of 3 and 12 days in rivers and lakes, respectively . It will also biodegrade slowly in both fresh and salt water . No information is available concerning its fate in groundwater but biodegradability studies in anerobic systems suggest that it may degrade slowly after a long acclimation period . Adsorption to sediment will not be a significant loss process .(SRC) *ATMOSPHERIC FATE: When released into the atmosphere, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) wi~~~~ Under photochemical smog situations, degradation may be slightly faster .(SRC) BIOD - BIODEGREDATION : *Methvl ethyl ketoneis highly-degradable in aerobic systems after a brief lag using activated sludge, sewage seed or on in~culum from polluted surface water(1-5) . Degradation is completed in about 5-10 days with somewhat longer time being required in salt water(1-5) 0 .6 ppnvhr was removed in a river die-away test(l)- Degradation also occurs in anaerobic systems but time required for acclimating degrading microorganisms is long (about I wk)(6) . [R971 *M[ethyl ethyl ketone (M[EK) is readily oxidized by microorganisms in activated sludge following selection and/or adaptation, with over 80% being removed in 24 hr . Metabolism in unacclimated sludges is slow . [R98] *Biological oxygen demand (BOD) after 5 days @ 20 deg C: 1 .515-1 .92; 2 .24 (std dilution technique, normal sewage seed) ; 5 .3 (Dutch std test method) ; 1 .81 (@ 10 mg/l, unadapted sewage, I days lag period) . [R7 1 1 *Chemical oxygen demand (COD) : 2 .20-2 .31 ; 5 .3 (Dutch std test method) ; theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) : 2.44 ; permanganate test value: 0 .29. [R71 1 ABIO - ABIOTIC DEGREDATION: *M[ethyl ethyl ketone absorbs radiation near the short wavelength cutoff of the solar spectrum at ground level ; however, the reaction with photochernically produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of 2 .3 days is the dominant atmospheric process(l) . Acetaldehyde is th e ~~ arv~Droduct

~ofthis ~reaction(l) . Under simulated smog conditions, it is of intermediate reactivity with degradation rates ranging from 1 .5%/hr to 33% in 6 .5 hr(2-5) . In the surface layer of water, photolysis is possible because UV radiation reaching these layers can be absorbed by MEK. However, no determination of actual photolysis rate could be found(6) . Photooxidation in water(7) and hydrolysis will not be significant processes(6) . [R99]p . 13



### 13

BIOC - BIOCONCENTRATION : *No information concerning the bioconcentration of methyl . ethyl ketone could be found in the literature. However, it has a very low octanol water partition function (log P= 0 .29(l)) which indicates that bioconcentration will not be a significant transport process .(SRC) [R100] KOC - SOIL ADSORPTION/MOBILITY : *No information concerning the adsorption of methyl ethyl ketone could be found in the literature. Its low partition coefficient (log P-- 0.29(l)) indicates that soil adsorption will be low.(SRC) [R1001 VWS - VOLATILIZATION FROM WATER/SOIL : *Based on laboratory data for the avg rate of evaporation of methyl ethyl ketone from water relative to the reaeration rate (0 .27)(1,2) and typical reaeration rates for rivers and lakes (3), the half-life for evaporation from a river and lake will be 3 and 12 days, respectively(SRC) . Due to its high vapor pressure, volatilization from soil will be rapid(SRC) . [R101 ] WATC - WATER CONCENTRATIONS : *DRINKING WATER : In a Federal survey of groundwater supplies, < 5 % occurrence(l) . Detected, not quantified in drinking water supplies from 7 cities from varied sources and with different types of pollutant sources(2-4)

. SURFACE WATER: 14 heavily industrialized river basins in USA - I of 204 sites pos, 23 ppb(5) ; Detected, not quantified in Black Warrior River in Tuscaloosa, AL(6) . Straight of Florida and Eastern Mediterranean Sea 7-16 ppb(9) . RAIN ETC: Detected in rain in Japan(7) but not at 5 sites in California(8) . In clouds in California 0-0 .47 ppm and in fog or ice fog 0-trace(8) . [R102 ] EFFL - EFFLUENTS CONCENTRATIONS : *Wastewater going into brackish USA river 8-20 ppm(l) . Detected in trench leachate from 2 low-level radioactive disposal sites(2) . Gasoline engine exhaust <0 . 1- 1 .0 ppm(3) ; Cigarette smoke 50 ppm(3,4) . [R1031 SEDS - SEDRVIENT/SOIL CONCENTRATIONS : *Not detected in sediment of brackish industrial river in USA receiving methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) effluent(l) . [R104] ATMC - ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS : *RURAL : Pine Barrens, NJ - not detected(2)

. URBAN/SUBURBAN : USA (181 samples) - all samples negative(l) ; 5 cities in NJ - all samples below detection limit of 0 .01 ppb(2) ; Air pollution episode in Japan 4 .3 ppb(3) . Los Angeles, CA area during moderate to severe photochemical- pollution episodes (Sept-Oct, 1980) 0-14 ppb(4) . SOURCE DOMINATED AREAS : New Jersey - 33 samples, 64 parts/trillion median, 10- 1900 parts/trillion(l) . Vicinity of chemical reclamation plant 94 ppm(5) . [R 105] *The presence of solvents such as toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, and other similar products in the indoor air of an automobile body repair shop, an offset printing facility and the adjacent dwellings was monitored, and the individual exposure of the corresponding workers and residents was tested by biological monitoring of exhaled breath and by personal air sampling . The concentrations of solvents tested in the air of both sites surveyed were lower than prevailing Dutch Maximum Allowable Concentration levels . The levels of solvents recorded in the air of apartments situated on top of the facilities surveyed were significantly higher than the levels recorded in the surrounding dwellings

. The levels of methyl ethyl ketone, toluene and xylene in personal air samples of employees at the body shop were 1 .5 times higher than in ambient air . The level of toluene in alveolar air of residents living above the automobile repair shop was 50 percent higher than that recorded in spot samples . The levles of other solvents were equal to or lower than the detection level . At the offset printing facility, toluene, xylene, butylacetate, 2-ethoxyethanol and cyclohexanone in air and in personal air samples followed the same general pattern identified for the body shop . In a dwelling next to the shop and in an apartment on top of the shop, the concentrations ranged from 3 to 9 percent and 14 to 19 percent, respectively, of the levels recorded inside the facility itself . [R106] FOOD - FOOD SURVEY VALUES : *Swiss cheese 0.3 ppm, cream 0. 154-0 .177 ppm(l) . Detected in roasted barley, ~r_ead , --boney, chicken, oranges, bl k tea, and rum(l) . Natural component of some foods(l) . [R107 ] '*NO9-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 70 PPM ; ICE CREAM, ICES, ETC 270 PPM; CANDY 100 PPM ; BAKED GOODS 100 PPM [R108 1 PLNT - PLANT CONCENTRATIONS : *32 samples of southern pea seed, Vigna unguiculata, were analyzed for volatiles . Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) was found in all samples and the mean concn was 151 + or - 80 ppb (74 to 390 ppb) . [R109] MILK - MILK CONCENTRATIONS : *Milk 0 .077-0.079 ppm, milk fat 8 ppm(l) . [R 1101 *Detected in 5 of 8 samples of mother's milk from 4 USA urban areas . [R 1 11 1 RTEX - PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE : *Occupational surveillance <25 ppm(l) . [R 112] *NIOSH has est worker exposure to methyl ethyl ketone at 3,03 1,000 . .. [RI 13] *Humans will primarily be exposed to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) in occupational atmospheres, especially related to coatings, since it is a common solvent and in polluted atmospheres, especially during photochemical smog episodes

.p . 14



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One would think that low exposure from ambient air would be common since MEK is a product of the combustion process and is found in auto exhaust . However air mop ;toring in urban/suburban settings have failed to detect MEK except during photochemical smog episodes . Since MEK is a natural component of some foods, ingestion of food items is a source of exposure . (SRC) *Artificial leather workers /are at risk of exposure/ . [R1 14 1 AVDI - AVERAGE DAILY INTAKE : *Air intake: during photochemical smog episodes (assume 0-1 ppb) 0-823 ug . (SRC ) BODY - BODY BURDENS : *Detected in 5 of 8 samples of mother's milk from 4 USA urban areas . [R I I I ] *The kinetics of inhaled methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) in human volunteers was studied in an exposure chamber

. Relative pulmonary uptake was about 53% throughout a 4 hr exposure period at 200 ppm . Blood MEK concentration rose steadily until the end of exposure . Repeated bicycle exercise increased the overall blood MEK level markedly in comparison to sedentary activity, with transient peaks in association with cycling ; thus blood MEK concentration depended both on the rate of uptake and the amount taken up . Only 3% of the absorbed dose was excreted unchanged by exhalation

. A well known metabolite of MEK, 2,3-butanediol, was detected in the- urine with maximum rates of excretion at about 6 to 12 hr from the beginning of exposure . About 2% of the MEK dose taken up by the lungs was excreted in the urine as 2,3-butanediol

. . .. Elimination of MEK in blood appeared to exhibit two phases : the initial alpha-phase (TI/2= 30 min ; kel alpha_- 0.023) over the first post-exposure hour, followed by the terminal beta-phase (Tl/2= 81 min ; kel beta= 0 .009) . [RI 15] *Worker exposures were investigated in April 1983 at the Hoover Company, North Canton, Ohio

. . . . Area and personal air samples for numerous contaminants were collected and nonionizing radiation levels were measured

. .. . General medical questionnaires and blood tests for methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were given to exposed workers

. .. . No respiratory symptoms or pulmonary function disorders were identified in the foundry workers, and MEK was detected in the blood of only one worker at 1 .4 ug/mL
. . . [R 1161 EXSR - EXPOSURE STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS : ------- EXPOSURE STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS CATEGORY (USE CODE ZEXS) ------- IDLH - IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LEFE OR HEALTH : +3000 ppm [R1 171 ADI - ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKES : *One-day EPA SNARL is calculated at 7 .5 mg/l ; 10 day SNARL is calculated at 0 .750 mg/l . [R1 18] *.. . An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily basis over an extended period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious effect, for methyl ethyl ketone is 3 .2 mg/day for oral exposure

. . ~. [R 119] ATOL - ALLOWABLE TOLERANCES : *Methyl ethyl Ketone is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only . [R120] OSHA - OSHA STANDARDS : *Meets criteria for OSHA medical records rule. [R12 I] *8 hr Time-Weighted avg : ZpQppm 590 m'g/cu m) [R122 ] TLV - THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES : +8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA) 200 ppm, 590 mg/cu in ; Short Term Exposure Lin-lit (STEL) 300 ppm, 885 mg/cu in (1976) [RI 23, 26] +BEI (Biological Exposure Index) : Methyl ethyl ketone in urine at end of shift is 2 mg/l

. (1988-89 adoption) [R123, 601 ASTD - ATMOSPHERIC STANDARDS : *Tbis action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI) . The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements . Methyl ethyl ketone is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart . [RI 24 ] CERC - CERCLA REPORTABLE QUANTITIES : *Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when were is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an

. amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5,000 lb or 2270 kg . The toll free telephone number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802 ; in the Washington metropolitan area (202) 426-2675
. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302 .6 (section IV

. D .3 .b) . [R125] TSCA - TSCA REQUIREMENTS: *Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulagated a model Health and Safetyp . 15



### 15

Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemica l substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies . Methyl ethyl ketone is included on this list . [R126 ] *Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, use, and exposure to EPA. [R 127] RCRA - RCRA REQUIREMENTS : *As stipulated in 40 CFR 261 .33, when methyl ethyl ketone, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations . Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste . Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (see 40 CFR 261 .5). [R128] *When methyl ethyl ketone is a spent solvent, it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (FO05), as stated in 40 CFR 261 .3 1, and must be managed according to state and/or federal hazardous waste regulations

. [R129] FIFR - FIFRA REQUIREMENTS : *Unless designated as an active ingredient in accordance with paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, this substance, when used in antimicrobial products, is considered inert, having no independent pesticidal activity . The percentage of such an ingredient shall be included on the label in the total percentage of inert ingredients

. [R1301 *M[ethyl ethyl ketone is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only

. [R131 1 FDA - FDA REQUIREMENTS : *ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS : A SOLVENTY KETONE ODOR & TASTE ; FLAVORS USEFUL IN : CHEESE, BANANA FLAVORS, COFFEE . [R132 ] *Methyl ethyl ketone is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives . [R133 1 *Methyl ethyl ketone is an indirect food additive polymer for use as a basic component of single and repeated use food contact surfaces . Residue limit 0. 1 % by weight of finished packaging cellophane . [R1 341 MAM - MONITORING AND ANALYSIS METHODS : -------- MONITORING AND ANALYSIS METHODS CATEGORY (USE CODE ZMAM) --------- SAMP - SAMPLING PROCEDURES : *PORTABLE IR ANALYZERS MATED WITH MICROCOMPUTER ARE SUITABLE FOR ON-SITE MONITORING OF MIXTURES OF WTHYL ETHYL KETONE . [R135 1 *Calibrate each personal sampling pump with sampler in line . Break the ends and attach sampler to personal sampling pump with flexible tubing . Sample at flow rate between 0 .01 and 0 .2 I/min for total sample size of 1 .0 to 12 1 . [R136, 2500-1 1 *Activated charcoal, Ambersorb XE-348, and Amberlites XAD-2, XAD-4, and XAD-7 were evaluated as solid adsorbents for work-room air sampling of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl n-butyl ketone, cyclohexanone and isophorone . Activated charcoal had good capacity for the compounds investigated, but most ketones decomposed on this adsorbent during storage . Ambersi,rb XE-348 also showed good capacity for most of the ketones and decomposition was insignificant . [R137 ] *ANALYTE : 2-BUTANONE ; MATRIX : AIR ; RANGE : 380-1240 M[G/CU M ; PROCEDURE : ADSORPTION ON CHARCOAL, DESORPTION WITH CARBON DISULFIDE, GC. [R138] ALAB - ANALYTIC LABORATORY METHODS : *METHOD IS BASED ON COLOR REACTION OF METHYL ETHYL KETONE WITH VANILLIN IN CONCN SULFURIC ACID. [R 139] *GLASS TUBE PACKED WITH ACTIVATED CHARCOAL IS USED TO TAKE AN INTEGRATED SAMPLE . GAS CHROMATOGRAPH EQUIPPED WITH A FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR . [R1 40] *ANALYTE : METHYL ETHYL KETONE; MATRIX : AIR; RANGE : 0 .01 M[GISAMPLE; PROCEDURE : ADSORPTION ON CHARCOAL DESORPTION WITH CARBON DISULFIDE, GC ; PRECISION : NOT GIVEN

. [R136, 2500-2 1 *EPA Method 1624 - Volatile Organic Compounds By GC/M[S : Grab samples in municipal and industrial discharges are collected

. If residual chlorine is present, add sodium thiosulfate . Extraction is performed by a purge and trap apparatus . An isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in municipal and industrial discharges is described . Unlabeled methyl ethyl ketone has a minimum level of 50 ug/l and a mean retention time of 848 sec . [R 141p . 16



### 16

*EPA Method 8015 : Nonlialogenated Volatile Organics . For the analysis of solid waste, a representative sampl e (solid or liquid) is collected in a standard 40 ml glass screw-cap VOA vial equipped with a Teflon-faced silicone septum . Sample agitation, as well as contamination of the collected sample with air, must be avoided . Two VOA vials are filled per sample location, then placed in separate piastic bags for shipment and storage . Samples can be analyzed by direct injection or purge-and trap gas chromatography

. A temperature program is used in the gas chromatograph to separate the organic compounds . Column 1 is an 8 ft by 0. 1 in ID stainless steel or glass column packed with 1 % SP-1000 on Carbopack-B 60/80 mesh or equivalent. Column 2 is a 6 ft by 0 . 1 in ID stainless steel or glass column packed with n-octane on Porasil-C 100/120 mesh (Durapak) or equivalent . Detection is achieved by a flame ionization detector (FID) . Under the prescribed conditions, methyl ethyl ketone can be detected using this method . No statistical analysis was determined ; specific method performance information will be provided as it becomes available . [R 142] CLAB - CLINICAL LABORATORY METHODS : *HEAD SPACE MASS SPECTROMETRIC SCREENING TECHNIQUE FOR VOLATILES IN BLOOD & POST-MORTEM TISSUES (LIVER, BRAIN, LUNG) IS DESCRIBED . [R143] *Venous blood sampled after 2 or more hr of exposure . Processed by Gas Chromatography, FID . Range : 0 .1 to 8 ug/ml . Precision: 0 .095 (1 ug/mI blood) . [R 136, 8002-1 ] *Methyl ethyl ketone in biofluid samples is analyzed using headspace chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The relative retention time is 0 .816 min (relative to n-propanol 1 .50 min) . [R144] *A method is described for the determination of the concri of methyl ethyl ketone and its metabolites : 2-butanol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, and the meso- and d,l-isomers of 2,3-butanediol in urine . The analytes were isolated from urine by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography . The recovery rates were 50-70% for the 2,3-butanediol isomers and 88-96% for the other analytes . The precision of the method ranged 5-12% (standard deviation %). The detection limit was 1 .0 and 1 .4 mg/I for meso- and d,l 2,3-butanediol, respectively, and ranged 0.1-0 .15 mg/I for the other analytes . [R145 ] REFS - ADDITIONAL REFERENCES : ------------- ADDITIONAL REFERENCES CATEGORY (USE CODE ZREF)-------------- RPTS - SPECIAL REPORTS : PANSON RD ; WINEK CL, CLIN TOXICOL 17 (2) : 271 (1980) . REVIEW ARTICLE ON HUMAN & ANIMAL TOXICITY & MGMNT. OPDYKE DL J ; FOOD COSMET TOXICOL 15 (6) :627 (1977) . TOXICOLOGY, PREPARATION, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, METABOLISM, PHARMACOLOGY, TERATOGENICITY, USE IN COSMETICS & IN FOODS ARE REVIEWED

. Yang RS H; Residue Rev 97: 121-43 (1986) . The toxicology of methyl ethyl ketone

. A review with many references on the manufacture, uses, and toxicity of methyl ethyl ketone

. Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice 171 (84) : 133 (1985)
. Scientific basis for Swedish occupational standards

. USEPA ; Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Ethyl Ketone p .80 (1988) EPA/600/X-85/363 DHHS/ATSDR ; Toxicological Profile for 2-Butanone (1992) ATSDR/TP-91/08 WHO ; Environmental Health Criteria 143 : Methyl Ethyl Ketone (1993) SO- SOURCES OF DATA: RI : The Merck Index . 10th ed . Rahway, New Jersey : Merck Co ., Inc ., 1983 .870 R2 : SRI R3 : U.S . Coast Guard, Department of Transportation . CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data . Volume II . Washington, D .C . : U .S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5. R4 : Sax, N .I. and R.J . Lewis, Sr . (eds .) . Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary

. 1 lth ed . New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co ., 1987 . 769 R5 : SRI

. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989 .785 R& Browning, E. Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents . New York: American Elsevier, 1965 . 422 RT Purdue University; National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (1988) R8: Fishbein L ; Industrial Hazards of Plastics and Synthetic Elastomers p .239-62 (1984) R9 : Kavaler . Chem Market Reporter 1980 RIO : Kavaler AR ; Chemical Marketing Reporter 232 (8) : 50 (1987) RI 1 : USITC . Syn Org Chem-U .S . Prod/Sales (1982) R 1 2 : USITC SYN ORG CHEM-US PROD/SALES 1985 p . 125p . 17



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R13 : USITC . SYN ORG CHEM-U .S. PROD/SALES 1985 p.266 R 14 : USITC. SYN ORG CHEM-U.S . PROD/SALES 1987 p . 15-5 R15 : BUREAU OF THE CENSUS US IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION AND GENERAL IMPORTS 1985 p .-580 R16 : BUREAU OF THE CENSUS . US IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION AND GENERAL IMPORTS 1986 P

. 1-526 R17 : BUREAU OF THE CENSUS U S EXPORTS, SCHEDULE E, 1986 p2-7 6 R18 : BUREAU OF THE CENSUS . U S EXPORTS, SCHEDULE E, OCTOBER 1987, P .2-79 R 19: Department of Transportation . Emergency Response Guidebook 1987. DOT P 5800 .4 . Washington, DC: U .S . Government Printing Office, 1987 .,p . G-26 R20: Sax, N.I . Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials . 6th ed . New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984 .54 9 R21 : National Fire Protection Association . Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials . 9th ed . Boston, MA : National Fire Protection Association, 1986. R22 : Association of American Railroads . Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation

. Washington, D .C.: Assoc . of American Railroads,Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987. 452 R23: International Labour Office . Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety . Vols . I&H . Geneva, Switzerland : International Labour Office, 1983. R24 : Bretherick, L . Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards . 3rd ed . Boston, MA : Butterworths, 1985 . 446 R25 : 1711 . Toxic and Hazarous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual . Tokyo, Japan : The International Technical Information Institute, 1982 . 336 R26 : DLA/DOD; Hazardous Materials Info System #6810-00-NOO-0021 (1982) R27: DLA/DOD; Hazardous Materials Info System #68 10-00-KOO-0330 (1982) R28 : Ruth JH ; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 47: A-142-51 (1986) R29 : Fazzalari, F .A. (ed .) . Compilation of Odor and Taste Threshold Values Data

. ASTM Data Series DS 48A (Committee E- 18). Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1978 . 24 R30 : Clayton, G . D. and F

. E. Clayton (eds .) . Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology : Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology . 3rd ed . New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982 . R31 : Gosselin, R.E ., R.P. Smith, H.C . Hodge . Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products . 5th ed . Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins, 1984 .,p. 11- 185 R32 : NIOSH . Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards . 5th Printing/Revision

. DHHS (NIOSH) Publ . No . 85-114

. Washington, D .C. : U .S. Dept . of Health and Human Services,NIOSH]Supt . of Documents, GPO, Sept

. 1985 . 60 R33 : ACGIH ; Guidelines Select of Chem Protect Clothing Volume #1 Field Guide p .68 (1983) R34 : Hart C ; J Environ Health 49 (5) : 282-6 (1987) R35 : NIOSH . Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards . 2nd Printing

. DHHS (NIOSH) Publ . No . 85-114 . Washington, D.C . : U.S . Dept . of Health and Human Services, NIOSH]Supt .of Documents, GPO, February 1987 . 6 1 R36 : Randolph SA, Zavon MR ; J Occup Med 29: 237-42 (1987) R37 : 49 CFR 171 .2 (10/l/87) R38 : 49 CFR 172 .101 (10/l/87) R39 : IATA. Dangerous Goods Regulations . 30th ed . Montreal, Canada : International Air Transport Association

. Dangerous Goods Board, January 1, 1989 . 12 1 R40 : EVIDG ; International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code ; International Maritime Organization p .3080 (1986) R4 1 : Halvorsen F, Ohneck R ; Proceedings of the National Conference on Hazardous Wastes and Environmental Emergencies p . 193-95 (1985 ) R42 : United Nations . Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IR1117C File) . Data Profile Series No

. 5 . Geneva, Switzerland : United Nations Environmental Prograrnme, Dec

. 1985 . 11 6 R43 : USEPA; Engineering Handbook for Hazardous Waste Incineration p.3-14 (198 1) EPA 68-03-3025 R44 : USEPA; Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate, EPA Contract No .68-03-2766 p .E-16 (1982) R45 : USEPA; Engineering Handbook for Hazardous Waste Incineration p .2-8 (198 1) EPA 68-03-302 5 R46: U .S
. Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on methyl ethyl ketone (78-93-3) from the National Library of Medicine's TOXNET System, August 29, 1994 R47 : The Merck Index . 9th ed . Rahway, New Jersey : Merck & Co ., Inc., 1976. 792p . 18



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R48 : BERG EF; ANN OPHTHALMOL 3 (12) :1351 (197 1 ) R49 : Grant, W .M . Toxicology of the Eye . 3rd ed . Springfield, IL : Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986 . 617 R50: Bang KM ; Health Hazards in the Occupational Environment 7 (3) : 15-29 (1984 ) R5 1 : Varigos GA, Nurse DS ; Contact Dermatitis 15 (4) : 259-60 (1986) R52 : Ghittori S et al ; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 48 (9) : 786-90 (1987 ) R53 : Brown WD et al ; The Changing Nature of Work and Workforce, Proceedings of the Third Joint US-Finish Science Symposium p. I 11- 1 4 (1986 ) R54 : Alterkirch H et al ; J Neurology 214 : 137-52 (1977) R55 : Patty, F . (ed .) . Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology : Volume H : Toxicology . 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963 . 1732 R56 : COURI D ET AL ; PROC ANNU CONF ENVIRON TOXICOL, 5TH, AMRL-TR-74-125 :109 (1974) R57 : EBERT PS ET AL ; CHEM BIOL INTERACT 36 (1) : 61 (198 1 ) R58 : Schmidt R ; Respiration 46 (4) : 62-9 (1984 ) R59: GELLER 1 ; NEUROBEHAV TOXICOL I (SUPPL 1) : 9 (1979) R60: GELLER I ; PHARMACOL BIOCBEM BEHAV 11 (4) :401-6 (1979) R61 : DiVincenzo GD et al ; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 34 :329 (1974) R62 : Holmberg ; Environ Res 7: 183 (1974 ) R63 : Sittirasu Y; J Environ Poll Control 12 : 407 (1976) R64 : Deacon MM et al ; Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 5 9 (3) : 620-2 (198 1) R65 : Takeuchi Y et al ; Br J Ind Med 40 (2) : 199-203 (1983) R66 : Toftgard R et al ; Scand J Work Environ Health 7 (1) : 31-7 (198 1) R67 : Cavender FL et al ; Fundam Appl Toxicol 3 : 264-70 (1983) R68 : Basler A ; Mutat Res 174 (1) : 11-13 (1986) R69 : Veronesi B ; Neurotoxicology 5 (4) : 31-43 (1984) R70 : NTP ; Fiscal Year 1987 Annual Plan p.87 (1987) NTP-87-00 1 R71 : Verschuereri, K . Handbook of Environmental Data of Organic Chemicals . 2nd ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co ., 1983 . 85 1 R72 : Brooke, L .T., D .J. Call, D .T. Geiger and C .L. Northcott (eds .) . Acute Toxicities of Organic Chemicals to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas) . Superior, WI : Center for LakeSuperior Environmental Studies Univ . of Wisconsin Superior, 1984

. 100 R73 : Microbiological Associates Inc

. ; Activity of Methyl Ethyl Ketone in the Morphological Transformation Assay using BALB/3T3 Mouse Embryo Cells, Final Report, (1984), EPA Document No . 40-8444072, EPA Fiche No

. OTS0507470 R74 : Dow Toxicology Research Laboratory ; Teratologic Evaluation of Inhaled Methyl Ethyl Ketone in Rats, 0 979), EPA Document No

. 878210652, Fiche No

. OTS0206178 R75 : Microbiological Associates Inc

. ; L5178Y TK +/- Mouse Lymphoma Mutagenicity Assay, Final Report, 0 984), EPA Document No . 40-8444072, Fiche No

. OTS0507470 R76 : Microbiological Associates, Inc

. ; Salmonella/Mamrnalian-Microsome Preincubation Mutagenicity Assay (Ames Test), (1984), EPA Document No. 40-8444072, Fiche No

. OTS0507470 R77 : Shell Sittingbourne Research Centre ; Toxicity Studies with Chemical Solvents : Short-Term in Vitro Tests for Genotoxic Activity with Methyl Ethyl Ketone

. (1982), EPA Document No

. 878210125, Fiche No

. OTS0206206 R78 : Microbiological Associates Inc

. ; Activity of Methyl Ethyl Ketone in the Micronucleus Cytogenetic Assay in Mice, Final Report, (1 984), EPA Document No. 40-8444072, Fiche No

. OTS0507470 R79: Microbiological Associates Inc

. ; Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Rat Primary Hepatocytes, Final Report, (1 984), EPA Document No . 40-8444072, Fiche No

. OTS0507470 R80: Sittingbourn Research Center ; Toxicity Studies with Chemical Solvents : Short Tenn In Vitro Tests for Genotoxic Activity with Methyl Ethyl Ketone, (1982), EPA Document No

. 878210125, Fiche No

. OTS0206206 R8 1 : Wurster; J Pharm Sci 54 : 554 (1965 ) R82 : Perbellini L et al ; Intern Arch Occup Environ Health 54 (1) : 73-81 (1984 ) R83 : DIVINCENZO GD ET AL ; TOXICOL APPL PHARMACOL 36 (3) : 511 (1976) R84 : Lukins H13, Foster JW ; J Bacteriol 85 : 1076-87 (1963) R85 : Keenan TW ; Appl Microbiol 16 : 1881-5 (1968)P . 19



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R86 : Keen AR et a] ; J Dairy Res 41 : 249-57 (1974) R87 : Dietz FKJ, Traiger GJ ; Toxicology 14 : 209-14 (1979) R88 : Divincenzo GD et al ; Toxicol Appl Pharm 36 : 511-22 (1976) R89 : Schmidt R et al ; Respiration 46 (4) : 362-9 (1984 ) R90 : ALTENKIRCH ET AL ; J NEUROL 214 :152 (1977) R91 : Traiger GJ, Bruckner JV ; J Pharmacol Exp Ther 196 : 493 (1976) R92 : Ralston WH et al ; Toxicol Appl Pharm 81 (2) : 319-27 (1985) R93 : Dick RB et al ; Int Arch Occup Environ Health 54 (2) : 91-109 (1984) R94 : Saida K et al ; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 35 (3) : 207-25 (1976) R95 : (1) Graedel TE ; Chemical Compounds in the Atmosphere p 182 New York, NY, Academic Press (1978) (2) Lande SS et al ; Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental Contaminants : Ketonic Solvents p 43-128 USEPA 560/2-76-003 (1976 ) R96 : (1) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 3rd ed 13 : 907 (1981) (2) Graedel TE ; Chemical Compounds in the Atmosphere

. p 182 New York, NY Academic Press (1978) (3) Grosjean D ; Environ Sci Technol 16: 254-62 (1982) (4) Verschueren K ; Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals 2nd ed p 850-1 New York, NY Van Nostrand Reinhold Co (1983) (5) Lande SS et al ; Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental Contaminants : Ketonic Solvents p 43-128 USEPA 560/2-76-003 (1976 ) R97: (1) Dojlido JR; Investigation of Biodegradability and Toxicity of Organic Compounds : Final Report 1975-79 USEPA 600/2-79-163 (1979) (2) Price KS et al ; J Water Pollut Control Fed 46 : 63-77 (1974) (3) Bridie AL et a] ; Water Res 13 : 627-30 (1979) (4) Dose M et al ; Trib Cebedeau 28 : 3-11 (1975) (5) Heukelekian H, Rand MC ; J Water Pollut Control Assoc 29 : 1040-53 (1955) (6) Chou WL et al ; Biotech Bioeng Symp 8: 391-414 (1979) R98 : USEPA ; Methyl Ethyl Ketone III : Exposure Aspects USEPA Contract No

. 68-01-6147 (198 1 ) R99 : (1) Cox RA et al ; Environ Sci Technol 15 : 587-92 (1981) (2) Dilling WL et al ; Environ Sci Technol 10: 351-6 (1976) (3) Yanagihara S et al ; 4th Int Clean Air Congr p 472-7 (1977) (4) Dimitriades B, Joshi SB ; p 705-11 in Int Conf on Photochemical Oxidant Pollution and its Control . Dimitriades B ed USEPA 600/3-77-001b (1977) (5) Farley FF ; p 713-27 in Int Conf on Photochemical Oxidant Pollution and its Control . Dimitriades B ed USEPA 600/3-77-001b (1977) (6) Lyman WJ et al ; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods . Environmental behavior of organic compounds

. p 7-1 to 7-48, p 8-1 to 8-43 New York, NY McGraw-Hill (1982) (7) Hendry DG et al ; J Chem Phys Ref Data 3: 944-78 (1974) R100: (1) Hansch C, Leo AJ ; Medchem Project Issue No 19 Claremont, CA Pomona College (198 1 ) R101 : (1) Rathbun RE, Tai DY; Water Air Soil Pollut 17 : 281-93 (1982) (2) Mackay D et al ; Environ Sci Technol 16 : 645-9 (1982) (3) Mill T et al ; Laboratory Protocols for Evaluating the Fate of Organic Chemicals in Air and Water p 255 USEPA 600/3-82-022 (1982) R102 : (1) Dyksen JE, Hess AF III ; J Amer Water Works Assoc 74 : 394-403 (1982) (2) Coleman WE et al ; pp, 305-207 in Analysis and Identification of Organic Substances in Water . Keith L ed Ann Arbor, MI Ann Arbor Press (1976) (3) Scheeman MA et al ; Biomed Mass Spectrorn 4 : 209-11 (1974) (4) USEPA; New Orleans Area Water Supply Study Draft Analytical Report by the Lower Mississippi River Facility, Slidell (1974) (5) Ewing BB et al ; Monitoring to Detect Previously Unrecognized Pollutants in Surface Waters 79 p USEPA 560/6-77-015, appendix USEPA 560/6-77-015 a (1977) (6) Bertsch W et al ; J Chromatogr 11 2 : 701-18 (1975) (7) Kato T et al ; Yokohama Kokuritsu Daigaku Kankyo Kagaku Kenkyu Senta Kiyj 6: 11-20 (1980) (8) Grosjean D, Wright B ; Atmos Environ 17 : 2093-6 (1983) (9) Corwin JF; Bull Mar Sci 19: 504-9 (1969) R103 : (1) Jungclaus GA et al ; Environ Sci Technol 12 : 88-96 (1978) (2) Francis AJ et al ; Nuclear Tech 50: 158-63 (1980) (3) Verschueren K ; Handbook on Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals 2nd ed p 850-1, New York, NY Van Nostrand Reinhold Co (1983) (4) Lande SS et al ; Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental Contaminants : Ketonic Solvents p 43-125 USEPA 560/2-76-003 (1976) R104: (1) Jungclaus GA et al ; Environ Sci Technol 12 : 98-96 (1978) R105 : (1) Brodzinsky R, Singh HB ; Volatile Organic Chemicals in the Atmosphere : An Assessment of Available Data p 23 SRI 68-02-3452 (1982) (2) Bozzelli JW et al ; Analysis of Selected Toxic and Carcinogenic Substances in Ambient air in New Jersey (1980) (3) Anonymous ; Kanagawa-Kan Taild Osen Chosa Kenkyu Hokaku 20 : 86-90 (1978) (4) Grosjean D ; Environ Sci Tech 16: 254-62 (1982) (5) Lande SS et al ; Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental Contaminants : Ketonic Solvents 331 p USEPA 560/2-76-003 (1976) R106 : Verhoeff AP et al ; Int Arch Occup Environ Health 59 (2) : 153-63 (1987)p . 20



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. 90-117 . Washington, DC : U .S . Government Printing Office, June 1990 48 Rl 18 : USEPA ; SNARL Methyl Ethyl Ketone (Draft) (1981 ) R1 19 : USEPA ; Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Ethyl Ketone p .80 (1988) EPA/600/X-85/363 R120 : 40 CFR 180 .001 (7/l/87 ) R121 : 29 CFR 1910 .20 (7/l/87) * 122 : 29 CFR 1910 .1000 (7/l/87) * 123 : American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists . Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological ExposureIndices for 1994-1995 . Cincinnati, OH : ACGIH, 1994

. * 1 24 : 40 CFR 60 .489 (7/l/87) * 125 : 40 CFR 302 .4 (7/l/88) R126: 40 CFR 716 .120 (7/l/88) R 127 : 40 CFR 712 .30 (7/l/88) R128 : 40 CFR 261 .33 (7/l/88) * 129 : 40 CFR 261 .31 (7/l/88) * 130: 40 CFR 162 .60 (7/l/88) * 131 : 40 CFR 180.1001 (7/l/88) R132 :21 CFR 172 .515 (4/l/88) R133 : 21 CFR 175 .105 (4/l/88) R 1 34 : 21 CFR 177 .1200 (4/l/88) R135: SYRJALA R; IND RES 19 (6) :81 (1977 ) R136 : U .S . Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service . Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . NIOSHManual of Analytical Methods, 3rd ed . Volumes 1 and 2 with 1985 supplement, and revisions . Washington, DC: U.S . Government Printing Office, February 1984 .,p . V I R137: Levin JO, Carleborg L ; Ann Occup Hyg 31 (1) : 31-8 (1987) R138: U.S . Department of Health, Education Welfare, Public Health Service . Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health . NIOSH Manual ofAnalytical Methods . 2nd ed . Volumes 1-7. Washington, DC : U.S . Government Printing Office, 1977-present .,p. V2 S3- 1 R139: TYRAS H ET AL ; CHEM ANAL (WARSAW) 21 (3) :647 (1976) R140: WHITE LD ET AL ; AM IND HYG ASSOC J 31 (2) :225 (1970) R1 41 : 40 CFR 136 (7/l/88 ) R142 : USEPA; Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste SW-846 (1986) R143: URICH RW ET AL; J ANAL TOXICOL 1 (5) :195 (1977) R144 : Sunshine, Irving (ed .) Methodology for Analytical Toxicology . Cleveland : CRC Press, Inc ., 1975.,p . VII/7 R145 : Kezic S, Monster AC; J Chromatogr 428 (2) : 275-80 (1988)