[6450-0 1 -P]

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

1 0 CFR Part 430

[Docket No. EERE-2009-BT-TP-00 1 6]

RIN: 1 904-AB99

Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts

AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

, Department of Energy.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and public meeting.

SUMMARY: T h e U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) proposes ma j or revisions to its test

procedures for fluorescent lamp ballasts establis h ed under t h e Energy Policy and Conservation

Act. T h e proposed test met h od would eliminate t h e use of p h otometric measurements in favor of

purely electrical measurements wit h t h e goal of reducing measurement variation. DOE proposes

a set of transfer functions to convert t h e measured ballast electrical efficiency to a ballast

efficacy factor value. T h ese revisions , h owever

, do not concern t h e measurement of energy

consumption of ballasts in t h e standby and off modes

, w h ic h DOE addressed in anot h er

rulemaking. DOE also announces a public meeting to receive comment on t h e issues presented in

t h is notice.

DATES: DOE will h old a public meeting on Monday

, April 26

, 20 1 0

, beginning at 9:00 a.m. in

W as h ington

, DC. T h e agenda for t h e public meeting will first cover t h is test procedure

rulemaking for fluorescent lamp ballasts

, and t h en t h e concurrent energy conservation standards

1rulemaking ( see proposal in today ' s F ederal Register ) fo r t h e sa m e p r o d uc ts

. Any p ers on

re q u esti n g t o s p ea k at t h e pub li c m eeti n g s h ou ld s ubm it s uc h a re q u est

, al on g w it h a n ele c tr on i c

copy of t h e state m e n t t o b e gi v e n at t h e pub li c m eeti n g

, b e fo re 4:00 p.m.

, Mon da y

, Ap ril 1 2

,

20 1 0.

DOE w ill a cc e p t comm e n ts

, data

, a n d i nfo r m ati on regardi n g t h is no ti c e of p r opo sed

r u le m a k i n g ( NOP R ) b e fo re o r a f ter t h e pub li c m eeti n g

, bu t no later t h a n [INSERT DATE 75

DAYS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]

. S ee se c ti on

V, " Pub li c P arti c i p ati on ," of t h is NOP R fo r details

.

ADDRESSES : T h e pub li c m eeti n g w ill b e h eld at t h e U.S. D e p art m e n t of En erg y

, Fo rrestal

Bu ildi n g

, R oom 8 E-0 8 9 , 1 000 In de p e n de nc e Av e nu e

, S W

. , W as h i n gt on

, DC 205 8 5-0 1 2 1

. To

atte n d t h e pub li c m eeti n g

, p lease no ti fy M s

. B re n da E d w ards at ( 202 ) 5 8 6-2945. P lease no te t h at

fo reig n n ati on als p arti c i p ati n g i n t h e pub li c m eeti n g are s ub j e c t t o ad v a nc e se cu rit y s c ree n i n g

p r oc ed u res

. If a fo reig n n ati on al w is h es t o p arti c i p ate i n t h e wo r k s h op

, p lease i nfo r m DOE of

t h is f a c t as s oon as po ssi b le by con ta c ti n g M s

. B re n da E d w ards at ( 202 ) 5 8 6-2945 s o t h at t h e

n e c essar y p r oc ed u res c a n b e comp leted

.

Any comm e n ts s ubm itted mu st ide n ti fy t h e F l uo res c e n t L a mp B allast Ac ti v e Mo de T est

P r oc ed u res NOP R

, a n d p r ov ide t h e d ock et numb er EE R E-2009-BT-TP-00 1 6 a n d / o r Reg u lati on

I de n ti f ier Numb er ( R IN ) 1 904-AB99. Comm e n ts m a y b e s ubm itted u si n g a ny of t h e fo ll ow i n g

m et h o ds :

2F ederal eR ulemaking Portal : h tt p: // www. reg u lati on s. g o v

. F o ll o w t h e i n s tr u c ti on s f o r

s ub m itti n g c omm e n t s.

E-mail : FLB

- 2009

- T P- 00 1 6 @ ee .d o e

. g o v

. I n c l u d e t h e d o c k et num b er EE R E- 2009

- BT

T P- 00 1 6 a n d / o r RIN 1 904

- AB99 i n t h e s ub j e c t li n e o f t h e m e ss age

.

Po s tal Mail : M s. B re n d a E dw ar ds

, U.S. D e p art m e n t o f En erg y

, B u il d i n g T e c h no l o gie s

P r o gra m

, M ail s t o p EE- 2 J, 1 000 I n d e p e n d e n c e Av e nu e

, S W

. , W a s h i n gt on

, DC

, 205 8 5

- 0 1 2 1

.

P lea s e s ub m it on e s ig n e d p a p er o rigi n al

.

Han d DeliverY/Courier : Ms. B re nda Edwa r ds

, U.S. D e pa r tm e nt o f En er g y

, B u il d i ng

T e c h n o l o g ie s P r o g r am

, 6 t h F l oo r

, 950 L ' Enfant P l a z a

, S W

. , W as h i ngt o n

, DC

, 20024. T ele p h o n e :

( 202 ) 5 8 6-2945. P le as e s u bm i t o n e s i gn e d pap er o ri g i na l

.

F o r d e ta ile d i nst r u ct i o ns o n s u bm i tt i ng c o mm e nts and add i t i o na l i nf o r mat i o n o n t h e

r u le mak i ng p r o c e ss

, s ee s e ct i o n V, " P ub li c Pa r t i c i pat i o n ," o f t h i s d o c u m e nt.

D o ck e t : F o r acc e ss t o t h e d o ck e t t o re ad backg r ou nd d o c u m e nts o r c o mm e nts re c ei v e d

,

v i s i t t h e U.S. D e pa r tm e nt o f En er g y

, 6t h F l oo r

, 950 L ' Enfant P l a z a

, S W

. , W as h i ngt o n

, DC

,

20024 , ( 202 ) 5 8 6-2945

, b e tw ee n 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.

, M o nda y t h r ou g h F ri da y

, e x c e pt

F e d er a l h o li da y s. P le as e ca ll Ms. B re nda Edwa r ds at ( 202 ) 5 8 6-2945 f o r add i t i o na l i nf o r mat i o n

re ga r d i ng v i s i t i ng t h e R e s ou r c e R oo m.

3FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. L i nda G r a v e s

, U.S. D e pa r tm e nt

o f En er g y

, Off i c e o f En er g y Eff i c ie nc y and R e n e wab le En er g y

, B u il d i ng T e c h n o l o g ie s P r o g r am

,

EE-2 J, 1 000 Ind e p e nd e nc e A v e n u e

, S W

. , W as h i ngt o n

, DC 205 8 5-0 1 2 1

. T ele p h o n e : ( 202 ) 5 8 6

-

18 5 1

. E-ma il : L i nda.G r a v e s @ ee .d o e .g o v

. In t h e Off i c e o f G e n er a l C ou ns el

, c o ntact Ms. B e ts y

K o h l

, U.S. D e pa r tm e nt o f En er g y

, Off i c e o f t h e G e n er a l C ou ns el

, G C -7 1, 1 000 Ind e p e nd e nc e

A v e n u e

, S W

. , W as h i ngt o n

, DC 205 8 5. T ele p h o n e : ( 202 ) 5 8 6-7796. E-ma il :

B e ts y

. K o h l @hq .d o e .g o v

.

F o r add i t i o na l i nf o r mat i o n o n h o w t o s ubm i t o r re v ie w p u b li c c o mm e nts and o n h o w t o

pa r t i c i pat e i n t h e p ub li c m ee t i ng

, c o ntact Ms. B re nda Edwa r ds

, U.S. D e pa r tm e nt o f En er g y

,

Off i c e o f En er g y Eff i c ie nc y and R e n e wab le En er g y

, B u il d i ng T e c h n o l o g ie s P r o g r am

, EE-2 J,

1 000 Ind e p e nd e nc e A v e n u e

, S W

. , W as h i ngt o n

, DC 205 8 5-0 1 2 1

. T ele p h o n e : ( 202 ) 5 8 6-2945. Ema il : B re nda.Edwa r ds @ ee .d o e .g o v

.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. A u t h o ri t y and Backg r ou nd

II. S u mma r y o f t h e P r o p o sa l

III. D i sc u ss i o n

A. Sc o p e o f App li cab ili t y

1

. Ba ll asts C o v ere d

2. Eff e ct i v e D at e

B. E x i st i ng T e st P r o c e d u re

C

. D r awbacks o f E x i st i ng BEF T e st P r o c e d u re

D

. Eff i c ie nc y M e t ri c f o r F l uo re sc e nt Lamp Ba ll asts

E. T e st P r o c e d u re Imp r o v e m e nt Opt i o ns

1

. R e s i st o r -Bas e d Ba ll ast Eff i c ie nc y C o rrel at e d t o Ba ll ast Eff i cac y Fact o r

2. Lamp-Bas e d Ba ll ast Eff i c ie nc y C o rrel at e d t o Ba ll ast Eff i cac y Fact o r

3. Imp r o v e m e nts t o E x i st i ng T e st P r o c e d u re

4. R el at i v e S y st e m Eff i cac y

F. P r o p o s e d T e st P r o c e d u re

41

. T e st C o nd i t i o ns

2. T e st S e t u p

3. T e st M e t h o d

4. C a l c u l at i o ns

5. T r ansf er E q u at i o ns - G e n er a l M e t h o d

6. T r ansf er E q u at i o ns - T e st i ng

, Ana l y s i s

, and R e s u l ts

7. R e s i st o r V a l u e D e t er m i nat i o n

8

. N o n-Op er at i o na l Ba ll asts Wh e n C o nn e ct e d t o a R e s i st o r

9. E x i st i ng T e st P r o c e d u re Updat e

1 0. R e f ere nc e s t o ANSI C 8 2.2-2002

G. B u r d e n t o C o nd u ct t h e P r o p o s e d T e st P r o c e d u re

H. Impact o n M e as u re d En er g y Eff i c ie nc y

I. C er t i f i cat i o n and Enf o r c e m e nt

I V

. P r o c e d u r a l Iss u e s and R e g u l at o r y R e v ie w

A. E x e c u t i v e O r d er 1 2 8 66

B. Nat i o na l En v ir o nm e nta l P o li c y Act

C

. R e g u l at o r y F le x i b ili t y Act

D

. Pap er w o r k R e d u ct i o n Act

E. Unf u nd e d Mandat e s R e f o r m Act o f 1 995

F. T re as u r y and G e n er a l G o v er nm e nt App r o p ri at i o ns Act , 1 999

G. E x e c u t i v e O r d er 1 3 1 32

H. E x e c u t i v e O r d er 1 29 88

I. T re as u r y and G e n er a l G o v er nm e nt App r o p ri at i o ns Act

, 200 1

J

. E x e c u t i v e O r d er 1 32 11

K

. E x e c u t i v e O r d er 1 2630

L. S e ct i o n 32 o f t h e F e d er a l En er g y Adm i n i st r at i o n Act o f 1 974

V

. P ub li c Pa r t i c i pat i o n

A. Att e ndanc e at P u b li c M ee t i ng

B. P r o c e d u re f o r S ubm i tt i ng R e q u e sts t o Sp e ak

C

. C o nd u ct o f P u b li c M ee t i ng

D

. S u bm i ss i o n o f C o mm e nts

E. Iss u e s o n Wh i c h D OE S ee ks C o mm e nt

1

. A ll Asp e cts o f t h e E x i st i ng T e st P r o c e d u re f o r Act i v e M o d e En er g y C o ns u mpt i o n

2. App r o p ri at e Usag e o f ANSI Standa r ds

3. M e t h o d o f M e as u re m e nt f o r D i mm i ng Ba ll asts

4. R e s i st o r -bas e d Ba ll ast Eff i c ie nc y T e st M e t h o d

5. A l t er nat i v e App r o ac h e s t o Am e nd i ng t h e T e st P r o c e d u re

6. Ba ll asts t h at d o n o t Op er at e R e s i st o r s

7. Ba ll ast Fact o r V a ri at i o n D u e t o V a ri at i o ns i n M e as u re d Lamp P o w er

8

. Ba ll ast Fact o r B i nn i ng

9. T r ansf er E q u at i o ns

1 0. Sca li ng T r ansf er E q u at i o ns

11

. B u r d e n o n Man u fact u rer s and T e st i ng Fac ili t ie s

V I. App r o v a l o f t h e Off i c e o f t h e S e c re ta r y

I. Aut h ority and Background

5T i t le III o f t h e En er g y P o li c y and C o ns er v at i o n Act ( 42 U.S. C

. 629 1 e t s e q

. ; EP C A o r t h e

Act ) s e ts f o r t h a v a rie t y o f p r o v i s i o ns d e s i gn e d t o i mp r o v e e n er g y e ff i c ie nc y

. Pa r t A o f T i t le III

( 42 U.S. C

. 629 1- 6309 ) e stab li s h e s t h e " En er g y C o ns er v at i o n P r o g r am f o r C o ns u m er P r o d u cts

Ot h er T h an A u t o m o b ile s ," w h i c h c o v er s c o ns u m er p r o d u cts and c er ta i n c o mm er c i a l p r o d u cts ( a ll

o f w h i c h a re re f erre d t o b el o w as " c o v ere d p r o d u cts "), i nc l u d i ng f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll asts

( ba ll asts )

. ( 42 U.S. C

. 629 1(1)( 2 ) and 6292 ( a )(1 3 ))

Und er t h e Act

, t h e o v er a ll p r o g r am c o ns i sts e ss e nt i a ll y o f t h e f o ll o w i ng pa r ts: t e st i ng

,

l ab eli ng

, and F e d er a l e n er g y c o ns erv at i o n standa r ds. T h e t e st i ng re q u ire m e nts c o ns i st o f t e st

p r o c e d u re s

, p re sc ri b e d u nd er EP C A

, t h at man u fact u rer s o f c o v ere d p r o d u cts m u st u s e as t h e

bas i s f o r c er t i f y i ng t o t h e D OE t h at t h eir p r o d u cts c o mp l y w i t h e n er g y c o ns er v at i o n standa r ds

ad o pt e d u nd er EP C A and f o r re p re s e ntat i o ns as t o t h e e ff i c ie nc y o f t h eir p r o d u cts. A l s o

, t h e s e

t e st p r o c e d u re s m u st b e u s e d w h e n e v er t e st i ng i s re q u ire d i n an e nf o r c e m e nt act i o n t o d e t er m i n e

w h e t h er c o v ere d p r o d u cts c o mp l y w i t h EP C A standa r ds.

S e ct i o n 323 o f EP C A ( 42 U.S. C

. 6293 ) s e ts f o r t h g e n er a ll y app li cab le c ri t eri a and

p r o c e d u re s f o r D OE ' s ad o pt i o n and am e ndm e nt o f t e st p r o c e d u re s. It stat e s

, f o r e x amp le

, t h at

" [a]n y t e st p r o c e d u re s p re sc ri b e d o r am e nd e d u nd er t h i s s e ct i o n s h a ll b e re as o nab l y d e s i gn e d t o

p r o d u c e t e st re s u l ts w h i c h m e as u re e n er g y e ff i c ie nc y

, e n er g y u s e

, . . . o r e st i mat e d ann u a l

o p er at i ng c o st o f a c o v ere d p r o d u ct d u ri ng a re p re s e ntat i v e a v er ag e u s e c y c le o r p eri o d o f u s e

, as

d e t er m i n e d b y t h e S e c re ta r y [ o f En er g y ]

, and s h a ll n o t b e u nd u l y b u r d e ns o m e t o c o nd u ct. " ( 42

U.S. C

. 6293 ( b )( 3 )) In add i t i o n

, i f D OE d e t er m i n e s t h at a t e st p r o c e d u re am e ndm e nt i s wa rr ant e d

,

i t m u st p ub li s h p r o p o s e d t e st p r o c e d u re s and o ff er t h e p u b li c an o pp o r t u n i t y t o p re s e nt o r a l and

6w ri tt e n c o mm e nts o n t h e m. ( 42 U.S. C

. 6293 ( b )( 2 )) F i na ll y

, i n an y r u le mak i ng t o am e nd a t e st

p r o c e d u re

, D OE m u st d e t er m i n e " t o w h at e x t e nt

, i f an y

, t h e p r o p o s e d t e st p r o c e d u re w ou l d a l t er

t h e m e as u re d e n er g y e ff i c ie nc y

. . . o f an y c o v ere d p r o d u ct as d e t er m i n e d u nd er t h e e x i st i ng t e st

p r o c e d u re

. " ( 42 U.S. C

. 6293 ( e )(1)) If D OE d e t er m i n e s t h at t h e am e nd e d t e st p r o c e d u re w ou l d

a l t er t h e m e as u re d e ff i c ie nc y o f a c o v ere d p r o d u ct

, D OE m u st am e nd t h e app li cab le e n er g y

c o ns er v at i o n standa r d acc o r d i ng l y

. ( 42 U.S. C

. 6293 ( e )( 2 ))

As t o f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll asts sp e c i f i ca ll y

, D OE m u st " p re sc ri b e t e st p r o c e d u re s t h at a re

i n acc o r d w i t h ANSI 1 standa r d C 8 2.2- 1 9 8 4 2 o r o t h er t e st p r o c e d u re s d e t er m i n e d app r o p ri at e b y

t h e S e c re ta r y

. " ( 42 U.S. C

. 6293 ( b )( 5 )) D OE ' s e x i st i ng t e st p r o c e d u re s f o r ba ll asts

, ad o pt e d

p u r s u ant t o t h e s e and t h e ab o v e -d e sc ri b e d p r o v i s i o ns

, app e a r at 1 0 C FR Pa r t 430

, S ubpa r t B

,

App e nd i x Q

.

T h i s t e st p r o c e d u re r u le mak i ng w ill f u l f ill t h e p eri o d i c re v ie w re q u ire m e nt p re sc ri b e d b y

t h e En er g y Ind e p e nd e nc e and S e c u ri t y Act o f 2007. " At le ast o nc e e v er y 7 y e a r s

, t h e S e c re ta r y

s h a ll re v ie w t e st p r o c e d u re s f o r a ll c o v ere d p r o d u cts and

- am e nd t e st p r o c e d u re s w i t h re sp e ct t o

an y c o v ere d p r o d u ct

. o r p ub li s h n o t i c e i n t h e F e d er a l R e g i st er o f an y d e t er m i nat i o n n o t t o

am e nd a t e st p r o c e d u re

. " ( 42 U.S. C

. 6293 ( b )(1)( A ) D OE i n v i t e s c o mm e nt o n a ll asp e cts o f t h e

e x i st i ng t e st p r o c e d u re s f o r f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll asts f o r act i v e m o d e e n er g y c o ns u mpt i o n t h at

app e a r at T i t le 1 0 o f t h e C FR Pa r t 430

, S u bpa r t B

, App e nd i x Q (" Un i f o r m T e st M e t h o d f o r

M e as u ri ng t h e En er g y C o ns u mpt i o n o f F l uo re sc e nt Lamp Ba ll asts ")

.

1 Am eri can Nat i o na l Standa r ds Inst i t u t e

2 " Am eri can Nat i o na l Standa r ds f o r F l uo re sc e nt Lamp Ba ll asts

- M e t h o ds o f M e as u re m e nt. " App r o v e d Oct o b er 2 1,

1 9 8 3.

7In a s e pa r at e r u le mak i ng p r o c ee d i ng

, D OE i s c o ns i d eri ng am e nd i ng e n er g y c o ns er v at i o n

standa r ds f o r f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll asts ( d o ck e t n u mb er EERE

- 2007

- BT

- ST D

- 00 1 6 ; h erei naft er

re f erre d t o as t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds r u le mak i ng '')

. D OE i n i t i at e d t h at

r u le mak i ng b y p ub li s h i ng a F e d er a l R e g i st er ( FR ) n o t i c e ann ou nc i ng a p u b li c m ee t i ng and

a v a il ab ili t y o f t h e f r am e w o r k d o c u m e nt ( En er g y Eff i c ie nc y P r o g r am f o r C o ns u m er P r o d u cts:

P ub li c M ee t i ng and A v a il ab ili t y o f t h e F r am e w o r k D o c u m e nt f o r F l uo re sc e nt Lamp Ba ll asts ,'')

o n J an u a r y 22

, 200 8

. 73 FR 3653. D OE h as c o mp le t e d t h e p reli m i na r y ana l y s e s f o r t h e e n er g y

c o ns er v at i o n standa r d r u le mak i ng and p ub li s h e d i n t o da y ' s F e d er a l R e g i st er a n o t i c e ann ou nc i ng

a p ub li c m ee t i ng and a v a il ab ili t y o f t h e p reli m i na r y t e c h n i ca l s u pp o r t d o c u m e nt.

On F e b r u a r y 6

, 200 8, D OE h el d a p u b li c m ee t i ng i n W as h i ngt o n

, DC

, t o d i sc u ss t h e

f r am e w o r k d o c u m e nt f o r t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast e n er g y c o ns er v at i o n standa r ds r u le mak i ng

(h erei naft er re f erre d t o as t h e " 200 8 p u b li c m ee t i ng ")

. At t h at m ee t i ng

, att e nd ee s a l s o d i sc u ss e d

p o t e nt i a l re v i s i o ns t o t h e t e st p r o c e d u re f o r act i v e m o d e e n er g y c o ns u mpt i o n. A ll c o mm e nts o n

t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds r u le mak i ng re ga r d i ng t h e m e as u re m e nt o f act i v e m o d e

e n er g y c o ns u mpt i o n a re d i sc u ss e d i n s e ct i o n III o f t h i s p r o p o s e d r u le mak i ng.

D OE h as a l s o c o mp le t e d a standb y m o d e and o ff m o d e t e st p r o c e d u re

. T h e En er g y

Ind e p e nd e nc e and S e c u ri t y Act o f 2007 ( P u b. L. 11 0- 1 40 ) am e nd e d EP C A t o re q u ire t h at

, f o r

e ac h c o v ere d p r o d u ct f o r w h i c h D OE ' s c u rre nt t e st p r o c e d u re s d o n o t f u ll y acc ou nt f o r standb y

m o d e and o ff m o d e e n er g y c o ns u mpt i o n

, D OE am e nd t h e t e st p r o c e d u re s t o i nc l u d e standb y

m o d e and o ff m o d e e n er g y c o ns u mpt i o n i nt o t h e o v er a ll e n er g y e ff i c ie nc y

, e n er g y c o ns u mpt i o n

,

o r o t h er e n er g y d e sc ri pt o r f o r t h at p r o d u ct. If an i nt e g r at e d t e st p r o c e d u re i s t e c h n i ca ll y

i nf e as i b le

, D OE m u st p re sc ri b e a s e pa r at e standb y m o d e and o ff m o d e e n er g y u s e t e st p r o c e d u re

,

8i f t e c h n i ca ll y f e as i b le

. ( EP C A s e ct i o n 325 ( gg )( 2 )( A ); 42 U.S. C

. 6295 ( gg )( 2 )( A )) D OE

p ub li s h e d a f i na l r u le add re ss i ng standb y m o d e and o ff m o d e e n er g y c o ns u mpt i o n f o r f l uo re sc e nt

l amp ba ll asts i n t h e F e d er a l R e g i st er o n Oct o b er 22

, 2009. 74 FR 54445.

II. Summary of t h e Proposal

In t h i s n o t i c e o f p r o p o s e d r u le mak i ng ( NOPR ), D OE p r o p o s e s t o m o d i f y t h e c u rre nt t e st

p r o c e d u re s f o r f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll asts t o re v i s e t h e sc o p e o f app li cab ili t y o f t h i s t e st p r o c e d u re

f o r c o ns i st e nc y w i t h t h e o ng o i ng f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds r u le mak i ng

, i mp r o v e

m e as u re m e nt v a ri ab ili t y

, and u pdat e t h e re f ere nc e d standa r ds. D OE a l s o p r o p o s e s p r o v i s i o ns f o r

man u fact u rer s t o s u bm i t c o mp li anc e stat e m e nts and c er t i f i cat i o n re p o r ts f o r f l uo re sc e nt l amp

ba ll asts. T h e f o ll o w i ng pa r ag r ap h s s u mma ri z e t h e s e p r o p o s e d c h ang e s.

In t h e p reli m i na r y t e c h n i ca l s u pp o r t d o c u m e nt f o r t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds

r u le mak i ng

, D OE mak e s a p reli m i na r y d e t er m i nat i o n o f t h e sc o p e o f c o v er ag e

. T o da y ' s

p r o p o s e d t e st p r o c e d u re i nc l u d e s sp e c i f i c p r o c e d u re s f o r ba ll asts i d e nt i f ie d i n t h e p reli m i na r y

d e t er m i nat i o n o f sc o p e

. If t h e sc o p e o f c o v er ag e c h ang e s i n t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast

standa r ds r u le mak i ng

, D OE w ill add o r re m o v e p r o v i s i o ns f r o m t h e t e st p r o c e d u re s o t h at i t i s

c o ns i st e nt w i t h t h e f i na l sc o p e o f c o v er ag e o f standa r ds. T h e p reli m i na r y d e t er m i nat i o n o f sc o p e

i nc l u d e s ba ll asts t h at o p er at e m u l t i p le n u mb er s o f l amps ( o n e t h r ou g h s i x), a ll v a l u e s o f ba ll ast

fact o r

, and man y d i ff ere nt l amp c l ass e s i nc l u d i ng 4-f oo t m e d i u m b i p i n T 8 and T 1 2 l amps

, 4-f oo t

T5 m i n i at u re b i p i n l amps , 8 -f oo t s i ng le p i n s li m li n e T 8 and T 1 2 l amps

, and 8 -f oo t re c e ss e d

d oub le c o ntact h i g h ou tp u t T 8 and T 1 2 l amps. S ee s e ct i o n III.A. 1 f o r f u r t h er d e ta il

.

9In add i t i o n t o matc h i ng t h e sc o p e o f c o v er ag e f o r t h e act i v e m o d e t e st p r o c e d u re t o t h e

sc o p e o f c o v er ag e b ei ng c o ns i d ere d i n t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds r u le mak i ng

, t h e

p r o p o s e d am e ndm e nts s ee k t o re d u c e t h e m e as u re m e nt v a ri at i o n i n h ere nt i n t h e e x i st i ng t e st

p r o c e d u re

. T h e e x i st i ng t e st p r o c e d u re e xh i b i ts v a ri at i o n i n m e as u re m e nts o f a s i m il a r magn i t u d e

t o t h e sp re ad i n e ff i c ie nc y w i t h i n man y f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast p r o d u ct c l ass e s ana l y z e d i n t h e

p reli m i na r y d e t er m i nat i o n. T h e t e st m e as u re m e nt v a ri at i o n can b e att ri b u t e d t o re f ere nc e l amp

v a ri at i o n

, l amp o p er at i o n c o nd i t i o ns

, and ba ll ast w iri ng. D OE b elie v e s a t e st p r o c e d u re w i t h

re d u c e d v a ri at i o n w ill a ll o w f o r m o re p re c i s e standa r d s e tt i ng and c er t i f i cat i o n

, c o mp li anc e

, and

e nf o r c e m e nt t e st i ng.

D OE ' s p r o p o s e d t e st m e t h o d g re at l y re d u c e s t h e i mpact o f re f ere nc e l amps o n

m e as u re m e nt v a ri at i o n. T h e m e t h o d ca l c u l at e s a ba ll ast i np u t p o w er and ou tp u t p o w er u s i ng o n l y

ele ct ri ca l m e as u re m e nts and re s i st o r s t h at s i m u l at e t h e l o ad p l ac e d o n a ba ll ast b y a f l uo re sc e nt

l amp at a g i v e n o p er at i ng c o nd i t i o n. B e cau s e a re s i st o r can b e man u fact u re d w i t h m u c h sma ller

p er f o r manc e t o ler anc e s t h an a f l uo re sc e nt l amp

, t h e re s i st o r i nt r o d u c e s m u c h le ss v a ri at i o n t o t h e

o p er at i ng c h a r act eri st i cs o f t h e ba ll ast. T h i s re v i s e d t e st m e t h o d d eli v er s i nc re as e d p re c i s i o n

,

t h ere b y a ll o w i ng f o r g re at er re s o l u t i o n. T h e p r o c e d u re p r o p o s e d i n t h i s r u le mak i ng m e as u re s

ba ll ast i np u t p o w er and ba ll ast ou tp u t p o w er and t h e n ca l c u l at e s ba ll ast ele ct ri ca l e ff i c ie nc y

( ou tp u t p o w er d i v i d e d b y i np u t p o w er )

. T h e ba ll ast ele ct ri ca l e ff i c ie nc y i s t h e n c o n v er t e d t o

ba ll ast e ff i cac y fact o r ( BEF ) u s i ng a t r ansf er e q u at i o n t o ma i nta i n t h e re p o r t e d m e t ri c f o r e n er g y

e ff i c ie nc y as BEF f o r c o ns i st e nc y w i t h u s e o f BEF i n 42 US C 6295 ( g )( 5 ) and ( g )(8)

. D OE

d e v el o p e d t h e t r ansf er e q u at i o n b y m e as u ri ng s e v er a l ba ll asts w i t h i n a p r o d u ct c l ass f o r ba ll ast

e ff i c ie nc y ( BE ) u s i ng t h e p r o p o s e d BE t e st p r o c e d u re and f o r BEF u s i ng t h e e x i st i ng t e st

1 0p r o c e d u re

, and t h e n ca l c u l at i ng a li n e o f b e st f i t f o r t h e c o mb i n e d data. T h i s p r o p o s e d m e t h o d i s

h ere aft er re f erre d t o as t h e re s i st o r -bas e d ba ll ast e ff i c ie nc y t e st p r o c e d u re

.

P ri o r t o s ele ct i ng t h e p r o p o s e d t e st m e t h o d

, D OE a l s o c o ns i d ere d t h ree o t h er m e t h o ds as

p o t e nt i a l i mp r o v e m e nts i n t h e re v i s e d t e st p r o c e d u re : (1) t h e l amp-bas e d ba ll ast e ff i c ie nc y

( c o rrel at e d t o BEF ) m e t h o d , ( 2 ) t h e e x i st i ng BEF m e t h o d w i t h re v i s i o ns t o re d u c e v a ri at i o n ; and

( 3 ) t h e rel at i v e s y st e m e ff i cac y ( RSE ) m e t h o d. D OE ' s i n i t i a l ass e ssm e nt o f t h e l amp-bas e d

ba ll ast e ff i c ie nc y m e t h o d

, w h i c h u s e s a l amp as a l o ad

, r at h er t h an a re s i st o r

, i nd i cat e d t h at

,

s i m il a r t o t h e re s i st o r -bas e d ba ll ast e ff i c ie nc y m e t h o d

, t h ere c ou l d b e s i gn i f i cant i mp r o v e m e nts

b y eli m i nat i ng li g h t ou tp u t-bas e d m e as u re m e nts. H o w e v er

, ad o pt i ng t h at m e t h o d w ou l d re s u l t i n

a t e st p r o c e d u re t h at was st ill s u sc e pt i b le t o l amp-t o

- l amp v a ri ab ili t y

. D OE e x p l o re d t h e e x i st i ng

li g h t- ou tp u t-bas e d t e st p r o c e d u re and f ou nd i mp r o v e m e nts c ou l d b e mad e w i t h ou t mak i ng

f u ndam e nta l c h ang e s. D OE b elie v e s t h at t i g h t e n i ng t o ler anc e s o n c er ta i n sp e c i f i cat i o ns and

c l a ri f y i ng l oo s el y -d e f i n e d d ire ct i o ns can re d u c e m e as u re m e nt v a ri at i o n rel at i v e t o t h e e x i st i ng

t e st p r o c e d u re f o r f l uo re sc e nt ba ll asts

, b u t t o a le ss er e x t e nt t h an t h e p r o p o s e d re s i st o r -bas e d BE

t e st p r o c e d u re

. D OE f ou nd t h e RSE m e t h o d t o e xh i b i t l a r g er v a ri at i o n t h an t h e p r o p o s e d re s i st o r

bas e d BE t e st p r o c e d u re b e ca u s e i t u s e s t h e sam e m e as u re m e nt t e c h n i q u e s as t h e e x i st i ng t e st

p r o c e d u re

.

In an y r u le mak i ng t o am e nd a t e st p r o c e d u re

, D OE m u st d e t er m i n e " t o w h at e x t e nt

, i f

an y

, t h e p r o p o s e d t e st p r o c e d u re w ou l d a l t er t h e m e as u re d e n er g y e ff i c ie nc y

. . . o f an y c o v ere d

p r o d u ct as d e t er m i n e d u nd er t h e e x i st i ng t e st p r o c e d u re

. " ( 42 U.S. C

. 6293 ( e )(1)) If D OE

d e t er m i n e s t h at t h e am e nd e d t e st p r o c e d u re w ou l d a l t er t h e m e as u re d e ff i c ie nc y o f a c o v ere d

p r o d u ct

, D OE m u st am e nd t h e app li cab le e n er g y c o ns er v at i o n standa r d acc o r d i ng l y

. ( 42 U.S. C

.

116293 ( e )( 2 )) T h e p r o p o s e d t e st p r o c e d u re w ou l d c h ang e t h e m e as u re d e n er g y e ff i c ie nc y o f s o m e

p r o d u cts rel at i v e t o t h e e x i st i ng t e st p r o c e d u re

. T o e ns u re t h at t h e standa r ds d e v el o p e d i n t h e

o ng o i ng f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds r u le mak i ng acc ou nt f o r an y c h ang e s t o t h e t e st

p r o c e d u re

, D OE i s d e v el o p i ng t h e standa r ds bas e d o n t h e m e as u re d e n er g y e ff i c ie nc y g e n er at e d

b y t h e act i v e m o d e t e st p r o c e d u re p r o p o s e d i n t h i s r u le mak i ng. As a re s u l t

, D OE p r o p o s e s an

e ff e ct i v e dat e f o r t h i s re v i s e d t e st p r o c e d u re

, t o b e p ub li s h e d as App e nd i x Q1 o f 1 0 C FR pa r t 430

S u bpa r t B

, c o nc u rre nt w i t h t h e c o mp li anc e dat e o f t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds

r u le mak i ng ( app r o x i mat el y J u n e 30

, 20 1 4 )

. D OE p l ans t o p ub li s h t h e f i na l r u le e stab li s h i ng t h e

p r o c e d u re s i n App e nd i x Q1 i n t h e sam e r u le d o c u m e nt as t h e f i na l r u le e stab li s h i ng an y am e nd e d

standa r ds.

D OE n o t e s t h at ba ll asts t h at o p er at e o n e o r tw o 40 o r 34 watt (W) 4-f oo t T 1 2 m e d i u m

b i p i n l amps ( F40T 1 2 and F34T 1 2 ), tw o 75 W o r 60 W 8 -f oo t T 1 2 s i ng le p i n s li m li n e l amps

( F96T 1 2 and F96T 1 2 / ES ); and tw o 11 0 W and 95 W 8 -f oo t T 1 2 re c e ss e d d ou b le c o ntact h i g h

ou tp u t l amps ( F96T 1 2HO and F96T 1 2HO / ES ) a re c o v ere d b y e x i st i ng e n er g y c o ns er v at i o n

standa r ds. 1 0 C FR 430.32 ( m )

. Unt il t h e p r o p o s e d e ff e ct i v e dat e o f t h e t e st p r o c e d u re t o b e

p u b li s h e d at App e nd i x Q1, t h e s e ba ll asts s h ou l d c o nt i n u e t o b e t e st e d u s i ng t h e e x i st i ng t e st

p r o c e d u re t o d e t er m i n e c o mp li anc e w i t h e x i st i ng standa r ds. D OE p r o p o s e s i n t h i s NOPR t o

mak e m i n o r u pdat e s t o t h e e x i st i ng t e st p r o c e d u re

, p ub li s h e d at App e nd i x Q t o S u bpa r t B o f pa r t

430. D OE w ou l d u pdat e t h e re f ere nc e t o ANSI C 8 2.2- 1 9 8 4 i n t h e e x i st i ng t e st p r o c e d u re

( app e nd i x Q) t o ANSI C 8 2.2-2002. B e cau s e D OE d o e s n o t b elie v e t h e u pdat e d standa r d w ill

i mp o s e i nc re as e d t e st i ng b u r d e n o r a l t er t h e m e as u re d BEF o f f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll asts

, D OE

p r o p o s e s t h at t h e am e ndm e nts t o App e nd i x Q b e e ff e ct i v e 30 da y s aft er p u b li cat i o n o f t h i s t e st

p r o c e d u re f i na l r u le

. D OE n o t e s t h at b e cau s e u s e o f t h e t e st m e t h o d i n App e nd i x Q1 i s n o t

1 2app r o p ri at e f o r t h o s e ba ll asts t h at cann o t o p er at e a re s i st o r l o ad bank

, man u fact u rer s w ou l d

c o nt i n u e t o t e st t h o s e ba ll asts u s i ng t h e t e st m e t h o d s e t f o r t h i n App e nd i x Q

. In add i t i o n

, t h e t e st

p r o c e d u re s f o r an y ba ll asts t h at o p er at e i n standb y m o d e a re a l s o l o cat e d i n App e nd i x Q

.

D OE a l s o p r o p o s e s am e nd i ng t h e l ang u ag e i n 1 0 C FR 430.62 t o re q u ire f l uo re sc e nt l amp

ba ll ast man u fact u rer s t o s ubm i t c o mp li anc e stat e m e nts and c er t i f i cat i o n re p o r ts. T h i s p r o v i s i o n

w ou l d a l s o b e e ff e ct i v e 30 da y s aft er p u b li cat i o n o f t h i s t e st p r o c e d u re f i na l r u le

. Ba ll ast

man u fact u rer s w ou l d b e g i n t o s ubm i t t h e s e d o c u m e nts t o c er t i f y c o mp li anc e w i t h e x i st i ng

f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast e n er g y c o ns er v at i o n standa r ds u s i ng t h e t e st p r o c e d u re s at App e nd i x Q

o n e y e a r f o ll o w i ng p ub li cat i o n o f t h i s f i na l r u le

. Ba ll ast man u fact u rer s w ou l d c er t i f y c o mp li anc e

w i t h an y am e nd e d standa r ds u s i ng t h e t e st p r o c e d u re s at App e nd i x Q1 b e g i nn i ng o n e y e a r

f o ll o w i ng t h e c o mp li anc e dat e o f t h e am e nd e d standa r ds.

III. Discussion

A. Sc o p e o f App li cab ili t y

1

. Ba ll asts C o v ere d

T o da y ' s p r o p o s e d t e st p r o c e d u re i s app li cab le t o t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll asts c o v ere d i n

t h e p reli m i na r y d e t er m i nat i o n o f sc o p e ou t li n e d i n t h e p reli m i na r y t e c h n i ca l s u pp o r t d o c u m e nt

f o r t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds r u le mak i ng. T h e p reli m i na r y d e t er m i nat i o n o f sc o p e i s

as f o ll o ws:

(1) Ba ll asts t h at o p er at e o n e

, tw o

, t h ree

, f ou r

, f i v e

, o r s i x st r a i g h t-s h ap e d l amps

( c o mm o n l y re f erre d t o as 4-f oo t m e d i u m b i p i n l amps ) w i t h m e d i u m b i p i n bas e s

, a

1 3n o m i na l o v er a ll le ngt h o f 4 8 i nc h e s

, a r at e d wattag e 3 o f 25 watts (W) o r m o re

, and

an i np u t v o l tag e at o r b e tw ee n 1 20 v o l ts (V) and 277 V;

( 2 ) Ba ll asts t h at o p er at e o n e

, tw o

, t h ree

, f ou r

, f i v e

, o r s i x U-s h ap e d l amps ( c o mm o n l y

re f erre d t o as 2-f oo t U-s h ap e d l amps ) w i t h m e d i u m b i p i n bas e s

, a n o m i na l o v er a ll

le ngt h b e tw ee n 22 and 25 i nc h e s

, a r at e d wattag e o f 25 W o r m o re

, and an i np u t

v o l tag e at o r b e tw ee n 1 20 V and 277 V;

( 3 ) Ba ll asts t h at o p er at e o n e o r tw o r ap i d-sta r t l amps ( c o mm o n l y re f erre d t o as 8 -f oo t

h i g h ou tp u t l amps ) w i t h re c e ss e d d oub le c o ntact bas e s

, a n o m i na l o v er a ll le ngt h

o f 96 i nc h e s and an i np u t v o l tag e at o r b e tw ee n 1 20 V and 277 V;

( 4 ) Ba ll asts t h at o p er at e o n e o r tw o i nstant-sta r t l amps ( c o mm o n l y re f erre d t o as 8

-

f oo t s li m li n e l amps ) w i t h s i ng le p i n bas e s

, a n o m i na l o v er a ll le ngt h o f 96 i nc h e s

, a

r at e d wattag e o f 52 W o r m o re

, and an i np u t v o l tag e at o r b e tw ee n 1 20 V and 277

V;

( 5 ) Ba ll asts t h at o p er at e o n e o r tw o st r a i g h t-s h ap e d l amps ( c o mm o n l y re f erre d t o as

4-f oo t m i n i at u re b i p i n standa r d ou tp u t l amps ) w i t h m i n i at u re b i p i n bas e s

, a

n o m i na l le ngt h b e tw ee n 45 and 4 8 i nc h e s

, a r at e d wattag e o f 26 W o r m o re

, and

an i np u t v o l tag e at o r b e tw ee n 1 20 V and 277 V;

( 6 ) Ba ll asts t h at o p er at e o n e

, tw o

, t h ree

, o r f ou r st r a i g h t-s h ap e d l amps ( c o mm o n l y

re f erre d t o as 4-f oo t m i n i at u re b i p i n h i g h ou tp u t l amps ) w i t h m i n i at u re b i p i n

bas e s

, a n o m i na l le ngt h b e tw ee n 45 and 4 8 i nc h e s

, a r at e d wattag e o f 49 W o r

m o re

, and an i np u t v o l tag e at o r b e tw ee n 1 20 V and 277 V;

( 7 ) Ba ll asts t h at o p er at e o n e

, tw o

, t h ree

, o r f ou r st r a i g h t-s h ap e d l amps ( c o mm o n l y

re f erre d t o as 4-f oo t m e d i u m b i p i n l amps ) w i t h m e d i u m b i p i n bas e s

, a n o m i na l

o v er a ll le ngt h o f 4 8 i nc h e s

, a r at e d wattag e o f 25 W o r m o re

, an i np u t v o l tag e at

o r b e tw ee n 1 20 V and 277 V, a p o w er fact o r o f le ss t h an 0.90

, and d e s i gn e d and

l ab ele d f o r u s e i n re s i d e nt i a l app li cat i o ns ; and

(8) Ba ll asts t h at o p er at e o n e

, tw o

, t h ree

, f ou r

, f i v e

, o r s i x r ap i d-sta r t l amps

( c o mm o n l y re f erre d t o as 8 -f oo t h i g h ou tp u t l amps ) w i t h re c e ss e d d oub le c o ntact

bas e s

, a n o m i na l o v er a ll le ngt h o f 96 i nc h e s

, an i np u t v o l tag e at o r b e tw ee n 1 20 V

and 277 V, and t h at o p er at e at amb ie nt t e mp er at u re s o f 20 d e g ree s Fa h re n h ei t (O F )

o r le ss and a re u s e d i n ou td oo r s i gns.

3 T h e J u l y 1 4

, 2009 f i na l ru le e stab li s h i ng am e nd e d e n er g y c o ns er v at i o n standa r d f o r g e n er a l s er v i c e f l uo re sc e nt

l amps and i ncand e sc e nt re f le ct o r l amps ( 74 FR 340 8 0 ) ad o pt e d a n e w d e f i n i t i o n f o r " r at e d wattag e " t h at can b e

f ou nd i n 1 0 C FR 430.2. P le as e s ee

h ttp: // www 1

. eere

. e n er g y .g o v / b u il d i ngs / app li anc e standa r ds / re s i d e nt i a l / i ncand e sc e nt l amps. h tm l f o r f u r t h er

i nf o r mat i o n.

1 4F o r t h e p r o p o s e d t e st p r o c e d u re i n t h i s r u le mak i ng

, D OE w ou l d e stab li s h pa r t i c u l a r t e st

s e t u ps and ca l c u l at i o ns d e p e nd i ng o n t h e p r o d u ct c l ass. Wh e n e v a l u at i ng and e stab li s h i ng e n er g y

c o ns er v at i o n standa r ds

, D OE d i v i d e s c o v ere d p r o d u cts i nt o p r o d u ct c l ass e s b y t h e t y p e o f e n er g y

u s e d

, capac i t y

, o r o t h er p er f o r manc e

- rel at e d f e at u re s t h at aff e ct e ff i c ie nc y

, c o ns i d eri ng fact o r s

s u c h as t h e u t ili t y o f t h e p r o d u ct t o u s er s. ( S ee 42 U.S. C

. 6295 (q)) T h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast

standa r ds r u le mak i ng d eli n e at e s p r o d u ct c l ass e s bas e d o n t h e ma x i m u m n u mb er o f l amps

o p er at e d b y a ba ll ast

, ba ll ast fact o r

, sta r t i ng m e t h o d

, l u m e n packag e

, 4 l amp bas e

, ma r k e t s e ct o r

,

and l amp le ngt h

. Ba ll asts c o nta i n e d i n t h e sam e p r o d u ct c l ass a re s u b j e ct t o t h e sam e e n er g y

c o ns er v at i o n standa r ds.

At t h e 200 8 F r am e w o r k p ub li c m ee t i ng f o r t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds

r u le mak i ng

, t h e App li anc e Standa r ds Awa re n e ss P r o j e ct ( ASAP ) ask e d D OE t o el ab o r at e o n

h o w t h e sc h e d u le s f o r t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast e n er g y c o ns er v at i o n standa r d and act i v e m o d e

t e st p r o c e d u re r u le mak i ngs i nt er act. ( ASAP 5

, P u b li c M ee t i ng T r ansc ri pt

, N o

. 9 at p. 29 ) B e ca u s e

t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds r u le mak i ng i s i n t h e p reli m i na r y ana l y s i s p h as e o f t h e

r u le mak i ng p r o c e ss

, t h e p r o p o s e d sc o p e o f c o v er ag e i s st ill i n d r aft f o r m. T o e ns u re c o ns i st e nc y

i n t h e sc o p e o f c o v er ag e

, D OE p l ans t o p u b li s h t h e f i na l r u le f o r t h i s t e st p r o c e d u re r u le mak i ng

c o nc u rre nt l y w i t h t h e ba ll asts standa r ds r u le mak i ng f i na l r u le ( sc h e d u le d f o r

J u n e 30

, 20 11)

.

C o nc u rre nt p u b li cat i o n aff o r ds D OE t h e o pp o r t u n i t y t o s y nc h r o n i z e i ts t e st p r o c e d u re w i t h t h e

4 L u m e n packag e re f er s t o t h e q u ant i t y o f li g h t g e n er at e d b y a l amp and ba ll ast s y st e m. F o r e x amp le , 8 -f oo t R DC

h i g h ou tp u t HO l amps and 4-f oo t m i n i at u re b i p i n ( M i n i BP ) HO l amps t e nd t o o p er at e at h i g h er c u rre nts t h an 8 -f oo t

s i ng le p i n ( SP ) s li m li n e l amps and 4-f oo t M i n i BP standa r d ou tp u t ( SO ) l amps

, re sp e ct i v el y

. T h i s d i ff ere nc e i n

o p er at i ng d e s i gn i nc re as e s t h e q u ant i t y o f li g h t p er u n i t o f l amp le ngt h

. 5 A n o tat i o n i n t h e f o r m ASAP

, P u b li c M ee t i ng T r ansc ri pt

, N o

. 9 at p. 29 '' i d e nt i f ie s a stat e m e nt mad e i n a p u b li c

m ee t i ng t h at D OE h as re c ei v e d and h as i nc l u d e d i n t h e d o ck e t o f t h i s ru le mak i ng. T h i s pa r t i c u l a r n o tat i o n re f er s t o a

c o mm e nt: (1) s u bm i tt e d d u ri ng t h e p u b li c m ee t i ng o n F e b ru a r y 6

, 200 8; ( 2 ) i n d o c u m e nt n u mb er 9 i n t h e d o ck e t o f

t h i s r u le mak i ng ; and ( 3 ) app e ari ng o n pag e 29 o f t h e t r ansc ri pt.

1 5f i na l sc o p e o f c o v er ag e f o r t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds r u le mak i ng. If a ba ll ast t y p e 6 i s

re m o v e d f r o m t h e sc o p e o f c o v er ag e

, D OE w ill eli m i nat e t h e p er t i n e nt t e st p r o c e d u re s f r o m t h e

act i v e m o d e t e st p r o c e d u re i n t h e f i na l r u le

. C o n v er s el y

, i n t h e e v e nt add i t i o na l ba ll asts a re

add e d t o t h e sc o p e o f c o v er ag e

, D OE w ill d e v el o p t e st p r o c e d u re s f o r t h e s e ba ll asts and u pdat e

t h e act i v e m o d e t e st p r o c e d u re i n a s ubs e q u e nt r u le mak i ng. F o r e x amp le

, i n t h e p reli m i na r y

ana l y s e s o f t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds r u le mak i ng

, D OE ' s p reli m i na r y sc o p e o f

c o v er ag e t h at d o e s n o t i nc l u d e ba ll asts capab le o f d i mm i ng. As D OE i n v i t e s c o mm e nt o n t h i s i n

t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds r u le mak i ng

, i f D OE ' s f i na l sc o p e o f c o v er ag e i nc l u d e s

d i mm i ng ba ll asts

, D OE w ill n ee d f i na li z e t e st p r o c e d u re s f o r t h e s e ba ll asts. D OE a l s o i n v i t e s

c o mm e nt i n t h i s t e st p r o c e d u re r u le mak i ng o n s u gg e st e d m e t h o ds o f m e as u ri ng t h e e ff i c ie nc y o f

d i mm i ng-capab le ba ll asts.

2. Eff e ct i v e D at e

B e ca u s e s o m e o f t h e t e st p r o c e d u re am e ndm e nts p r o p o s e d f o r App e nd i x Q1 w ill c h ang e

m e as u re d e ff i c ie nc y and t h ere f o re aff e ct c o mp li anc e w i t h e x i st i ng standa r ds

, D OE p r o p o s e s an

e ff e ct i v e dat e o f t h e re v i s e d t e st p r o c e d u re i n App e nd i x Q1 t o S u bpa r t B c o nc u rre nt w i t h t h e

c o mp li anc e dat e o f t h e e n er g y c o ns er v at i o n standa r ds p re sc ri b e d b y t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast

standa r ds r u le mak i ng. D OE a l s o p l ans t o p u b li s h t h e f i na l r u le e stab li s h i ng t h e p r o c e d u re s i n

App e nd i x Q1 i n t h e sam e r u le d o c u m e nt as t h e f i na l r u le e stab li s h i ng an y am e nd e d standa r ds. In

t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds r u le mak i ng

, D OE i s d e v el o p i ng standa r ds t h at c o rre sp o nd

w i t h t h e act i v e m o d e t e st p r o c e d u re p r o p o s e d i n t h i s r u le mak i ng. T h e p r o p o s e d act i v e m o d e t e st

p r o c e d u re w ou l d b e u s e d t o t e st ba ll ast e ff i c ie nc y o n o r aft er t h e c o mp li anc e dat e o f t h e

6 Ba ll ast t y p e re f er s t o a g r ou p i ng o f ba ll asts t h at u s e t h e sam e sta r t i ng m e t h o d

, and o p er at e l amps o f t h e sam e

d i am e t er

, l u m e n packag e

, bas e t y p e

, and le ngt h

. F o r e x amp le

, i nstant-sta r t ba ll asts t h at o p er at e 4-f oo t m e d i u m b i p i n

T 8 l amps.

1 6f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds r u le mak i ng ( app r o x i mat el y J u n e 20 1 4 )

. Unt il t h i s c o mp li anc e

dat e

, f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll asts w ou l d c o nt i n u e t o b e t e st e d u s i ng t h e e x i st i ng t e st p r o c e d u re i n

App e nd i x Q t o d e t er m i n e c o mp li anc e w i t h e x i st i ng standa r ds. B e ca u s e t h e m o d i f i cat i o ns t o

App e nd i x Q ( an u pdat e t o re f ere nc e d i nd u st r y standa r ds ) d o n o t aff e ct t h e m e as u re d e ff i c ie nc y

,

D OE p r o p o s e s t h at t h e y b e e ff e ct i v e 30 da y s aft er p ub li cat i o n o f t h i s t e st p r o c e d u re f i na l r u le

.

D OE n o t e s t h at b e cau s e u s e o f t h e t e st m e t h o d i n App e nd i x Q1 i s n o t app r o p ri at e f o r t h o s e

ba ll asts t h at cann o t o p er at e a re s i st o r l o ad bank

, man u fact u rer s w ou l d c o nt i n u e t o t e st t h o s e

ba ll asts u s i ng t h e t e st m e t h o d s e t f o r t h i n App e nd i x Q

. In add i t i o n

, t h e t e st p r o c e d u re s f o r an y

ba ll asts t h at o p er at e i n standb y m o d e a re a l s o l o cat e d i n App e nd i x Q

.

C er t i f i cat i o n and c o mp li anc e p r o c e d u re s f o r f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll asts a re a l s o p r o p o s e d

i n t h i s r u le mak i ng. B e ca u s e t h e s e p r o v i s i o ns a l s o d o n o t aff e ct m e as u re d e ff i c ie nc y

, D OE

p r o p o s e s t h at t h e y b e e ff e ct i v e 30 da y s aft er p u b li cat i o n o f t h i s t e st p r o c e d u re f i na l r u le

.

Acc o r d i ng l y

, man u fact u rer s o f f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll asts w ou l d b e re q u ire d t o s ubm i t c o mp li anc e

stat e m e nts and c er t i f i cat i o n re p o r ts t o c er t i f y c o mp li anc e w i t h e x i st i ng standa r ds

, u s i ng t h e t e st

p r o c e d u re s at App e nd i x Q, o n e y e a r f o ll o w i ng p u b li cat i o n o f t h e t e st p r o c e d u re f i na l r u le

.

Ba ll ast man u fact u rer s w ou l d c er t i f y c o mp li anc e w i t h an y am e nd e d standa r ds u s i ng t h e t e st

p r o c e d u re s at App e nd i x Q1 b e g i nn i ng o n e y e a r f o ll o w i ng t h e c o mp li anc e dat e o f t h e am e nd e d

standa r ds.

B. E x i st i ng T e st P r o c e d u re

T h e e x i st i ng ba ll ast t e st p r o c e d u re ( i n App e nd i x Q t o S ubpa r t B o f 1 0 C FR pa r t 430 ) u s e d

t o d e t er m i n e t h e e n er g y e ff i c ie nc y o f a f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast i s bas e d o n li g h t ou tp u t

m e as u re m e nts and ba ll ast i np u t p o w er

. T h e m e t ri c u s e d i s ca lle d ba ll ast e ff i cac y fact o r ( BEF )

.

1 7BEF i s t h e rel at i v e li g h t ou tp u t d i v i d e d b y t h e p o w er i np u t o f a f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast

, as

m e as u re d u nd er t e st c o nd i t i o ns sp e c i f ie d i n ANSI standa r d C 8 2.2- 1 9 8 4

, o r as ma y b e p re sc ri b e d

b y t h e S e c re ta r y

. 42 U.S. C

. 629 1( 29 )( C )

T h e BEF m e t ri c u s e s li g h t ou tp u t o f t h e l amp and ba ll ast s y st e m i nst e ad o f ba ll ast

ele ct ri ca l ou tp u t p o w er i n i ts ca l c u l at i o n o f t h e e ff i c ie nc y o f a ba ll ast. T o m e as u re rel at i v e li g h t

ou tp u t

, ANSI C 8 2.2- 1 9 8 4 d ire cts t h e u s er t o m e as u re t h e p h o t o c ell ou tp u t 7 o f t h e t e st ba ll ast

o p er at i ng a re f ere nc e l amp and t h e li g h t ou tp u t o f a re f ere nc e ba ll ast o p er at i ng t h e sam e

re f ere nc e l amp. D i v i d i ng p h o t o c ell ou tp u t o f t h e t e st ba ll ast b y t h e p h o t o c ell ou tp u t o f t h e

re f ere nc e ba ll ast y iel ds rel at i v e li g h t ou tp u t o r ba ll ast fact o r ( BF )

. C o nc u rre nt w i t h m e as u ri ng

rel at i v e li g h t ou tp u t

, t h e u s er i s d ire ct e d t o m e as u re ba ll ast i np u t p o w er

. BEF i s t h e n ca l c u l at e d

b y d i v i d i ng rel at i v e li g h t ou tp u t b y i np u t p o w er

. A ba ll ast t h at p r o d u c e s m o re li g h t t h an an o t h er

ba ll ast w i t h t h e sam e i np u t p o w er w ill h a v e a l a r g er BEF.

C

. D r awbacks o f E x i st i ng BEF T e st P r o c e d u re

In re sp o ns e t o t h e f r am e w o r k d o c u m e nt f o r t h e f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast standa r ds

r u le mak i ng

, D OE re c ei v e d n u m er ou s w ri tt e n and v er ba l c o mm e nts f r o m i nt ere st e d pa r t ie s o n t h e

u sag e o f ba ll ast e ff i cac y fact o r as t h e m e t ri c f o r d e sc ri b i ng t h e e n er g y c o ns u mpt i o n o f

f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll asts. T h e Nat i o na l E le ct ri ca l Man u fact u rer s Ass o c i at i o n ( NEMA )

c o mm e nt e d t h at i n p re v i ou s r u le mak i ngs re ga r d i ng e ff i c ie nc y o f ba ll asts

, t h e v a ri at i o n i n BEF

m e as u re m e nts was le ss o f an i ss u e b e ca u s e t h e r ang e o f e ff i c ie nc y i n t h e ma r k e t was m u c h

l a r g er

. T h e sp re ad i n t h e m e as u re d e n er g y e ff i c ie nc y b e tw ee n magn e t i c and ele ct r o n i c ba ll asts

,

7 T h e p h o t o c ell ou tp u t o f a li g h t s ou r c e i s m e as u re d i n u n i ts o f watts. P h o t o c ell ou tp u t ( watts ) i s o n e m e t h o d o f

m e as u ri ng t h e li g h t ou tp u t o f a li g h t s ou r c e

. T h r ou g h t h e re ma i nd er o f t h i s d o c u m e nt

, D OE re f er s t o t h e ou tp u t o f a

f l uo re sc e nt l amp as " li g h t ou tp u t ," e v e n t h ou g h t h e e x i st i ng t e st p r o c e d u re i nd i cat e s m e as u ri ng t h e li g h t w i t h

p h o t o c ell ou tp u t.

18f o r e x amp le

, was m u c h l a r g er t h an t h e m e as u re m e nt v a ri at i o n i n h ere nt t o t h e e x i st i ng t e st

p r o c e d u re

. H o w e v er

, i n t h e c u rre nt ma r k e t

, t h e sp re ad i n e ff i c ie nc y b e tw ee n ba ll asts h as a m u c h

sma ller r ang e

. ( NEMA

, P u b li c M ee t i ng T r ansc ri pt

, N o

. 9 at p. 23

, pp. 56-57 ) NEMA c o mm e nt e d

t h at D OE s h ou l d c h ang e t h e m e t ri c awa y f r o m BEF b e ca u s e BEF m e as u re m e nts mad e i n

acc o r danc e w i t h t h e c u rre nt f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast t e st p r o c e d u re ( app e nd i x Q) can b e s h o wn

t o h a v e a m e as u re m e nt u nc er ta i nt y o n t h e o r d er o f 5 p er c e nt. NEMA stat e d t h at w h e n m e as u ri ng

t h e sam e ba ll ast at d i ff ere nt t e st l ab o r at o rie s w i t h d i ff ere nt e x amp le s o f t h e sam e re f ere nc e l amp

,

t h e sp re ad i n t e st re s u l ts i s s i m il a r t o t h e r ang e o f T 8 ba ll ast BEFs o bs er v e d i n t h e ma r k e t t o da y

.

NEMA re as o n e d t h at i n o r d er t o h a v e m e an i ngf u l v eri f i cat i o n o f a standa r d D OE w ou l d n ee d a

m e t ri c t h at d eli n e at e s b e tw ee n t h e p r o d u cts o n t h e ma r k e t. Acc o r d i ng t o NEMA

, t h e ba ll ast

i nd u st r y w ou l d b e c h a lle ng e d t o c o m e t o c o ns e ns u s o n a standa r d w h e n s o m u c h v a ri at i o n

e x i st e d i n t h e data. ( NEMA

, P ub li c M ee t i ng T r ansc ri pt

, N o

. 9 at p. 23

, pp. 35-36

, pp. 56-5 8;

NEMA 8

, N o

. 11 at p. 2 )

D OE u nd er stands NEMA ' s c o nc er ns re ga r d i ng t h e m e as u re m e nt u nc er ta i nt y rel at e d t o

t h e BEF m e as u re m e nt m e t h o d u nd er t h e e x i st i ng f l uo re sc e nt l amp ba ll ast t e st p r o c e d u re

. T h e

m e as u re m e nt u nc er ta i nt y w ou l d n e gat i v el y i mpact D OE ' s ab ili t y t o s e t standa r ds f o r ba ll asts

, as

i t c ou l d b e d i ff i c u l t t o d i st i ng u i s h b e tw ee n t y p i ca l and h i g h

- e ff i c ie nc y ba ll asts. D OE ag ree s w i t h

NEMA ' s d e sc ri pt i o n t h at t h e r ang e o f e ff i c ie nc ie s o f ba ll asts a v a il ab le i n t h e ma r k e t h a v e i n

g e n er a l d e c re as e d and ackn o w le dg e s t h e n ee d f o r a t e st m e t h o d o r m e t ri c t h at re d u c e s s y st e mat i c

err o r and g e n er at e s m o re reli ab le t e st re s u l ts. R e d u c e d v a ri at i o n i n t e st p r o c e d u re ca l c u l at i o ns

8 A n o tat i o n i n t h e f o r m NEMA

, N o

. 11 at p. 2 '' i d e nt i f ie s a w ri tt e n c o mm e nt t h at D OE h as re c ei v e d and h as

i nc l u d e d i n t h e d o ck e t o f t h i s ru le mak i ng o r a w ri tt e n d o ck e t s u bm i ss i o n. T h i s pa r t i c u l a r n o tat i o n re f er s t o a

c o mm e nt: (1) S u bm i tt e d b y NEMA ; ( 2 ) i n d o c u m e nt n u mb er 11 i n t h e d o ck e t o f t h i s r u le mak i ng ; and app e a ri ng o n

pag e 2.

1 9w ill a ll o w f o r m o re p re c i s e standa r d s e tt i ng and c er t i f i cat i o n

, c o mp li anc e

, and e nf o r c e m e nt

t e st i ng. D OE i s p r o p o s i ng a t e st p r o c e d u re t h at i s d e s i gn e d t o re d u c e s y st e mat i c err o r and

e n h anc e e n er g y c o ns er v at i o n standa r d-s e tt i ng capab ili t ie s.

NEMA a l s o stat e d t h at l amp man u fact u ri ng v a ri at i o ns w ill c re at e v a ri at i o ns i n m e as u re d

BEF v a l u e s. ( NEMA

, P ub li c M ee t i ng T r ansc ri pt

, N o

. 9 at p. 3 8; NEMA

, N o

. 11 at p. 6 ; GE

,

P u b li c M ee t i ng T r ansc ri pt

, N o

. 9 at p. 43 ) D OE ag ree s t h at a n u mb er o f fact o r s

, i n pa r t i c u l a r t h e

man u fact u ri ng v a ri ab ili t y o f l amps

, can c o nt ri b u t e t o p r o d u c i ng t h i s u nc er ta i nt y

. D u e t o l amp

man u fact u ri ng v a ri ab ili t y and i n o r d er t o re d u c e t h e p er f o r manc e v a ri at i o n am o ng t h o s e l amps

s ele ct e d f o r t e st i ng

, i nd u st r y standa r ds re f ere nc e d i n t h e t e st p r o c e d u re sp e c i f y a na rr o w er r ang e

o f o p er at i ng c o nd i t i o ns f o r re f ere nc e l amps. ANSI C 8 2. 1

- 1 977 ( re f ere nc e d b y ANSI C 8 2.2

-

1 9 8 4 ) sp e c i f ie s t h at a re f ere nc e l amp m u st n o t v a r y m o re t h an 2.5 p er c e nt f r o m t h e l amp

pa r am e t er s g i v e n i n t h e ANSI C 7 8 S erie s (1 972 e d i t i o n and 1 975 s u pp le m e nt ) f o r f l uo re sc e nt

l amp ele ct ri ca l c h a r act eri st i cs

. Even t h is narrowed variation allowed in t h e measured lamp

power , h owever , h as a significant impact on t h e variation in BEF

. C h anges in measured lamp

input power result in disproportionate c h anges to t h e numerator ( ballast factor ) and t h e

denominator ( input power ) in t h e BEF metric

. T h e percent c h ange in ballast factor is not as great

as t h e percent c h ange in ballast input power for a given c h ange in measured lamp input power

.

Conse q uently

, t h e same ballast will generate different values of BEF w h en tested on reference

lamps wit h different measured power

.

GE commented t h at in addition to reference lamp manufacturing variation

, BEF can vary

depending on t h e testing facility

. ( GE

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

. 43 ) DOE agrees

t h at deviations in test facility environmental conditions can result in dissimilarities in measured

20BEF

. ANSI C 8 2

. 2- 1 9 8 4 ( incorporated in t h e e x isting test procedure ) allows ambient temperature

to vary ± 1 degrees Celsius (O C ) from 25 O C

. T h roug h testing

, DOE h as s h own ambient

temperature to h ave an effect on BEF measurements

. Specifically

, DOE found t h at c h anges in

ambient temperature as small as 1 O C resulted in c h anges in BEF as muc h as 1

. 5 percent

.

NEMA commented t h at t h e BEF measurement re q uires p h otometric measurements of a

reference lamp attac h ed to t h e test ballast ; t h us

, BEF values cannot be compared across ballasts

t h at operate different lamp types

. A more appropriate metric would not depend on lamp

parameters or re q uirements

. ( NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

. 3 8, pp

. 1 24- 1 25 ;

NEMA

, No

. 11 at p

. 6 ) NEMA also stated t h at an alternative metric t h at is comparable across all

instant-start or programmed-start ballasts and capable of including lamp types yet to be

developed would be preferable to t h e e x isting test procedure using BEF

. ( NEMA

, Public

Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at pp

. 76-77

, p

. 99 ) NEMA furt h er commented t h at some lamps do not

h ave ANSI standards governing t h eir operating c h aracteristics

. Considerable variation in lamp

operating conditions e x ists among manufacturers for t h ese lamps because t h e industry h as not

reac h ed a formal consensus

. ( NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at pp

. 76-77 ) NEMA

suggested t h at DOE consider an alternative metric based on measuring ballast input and output

electrical power as discussed in section III

. E

. ( NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

. 32

,

pp

. 37-3 8)

DOE recogni z es t h at BEF is not comparable across all ballasts

. BEF is measured and

calculated using fluorescent lamps t h at vary in measured power

, t h ereby impacting ballast input

2 1power

. As a conse q uence

, BEF is dependent on lamp type 9

. DOE plans to organi z e t h e covered

ballasts into different product classes based on consumer utility and energy efficiency

differences

. Because DOE will consider a separate energy conservation standard for eac h of

t h ese product classes

, t h e test procedure must make comparisons in energy efficiency possible

wit h in a product class

. However

, t h e e x isting BEF met h od does not allow for suc h comparisons

in all circumstances

, as e x plained in t h e following paragrap h

. DOE recogni z es t h at comparison

across product classes may also be useful for consumers of fluorescent lamp ballasts

. DOE

addresses t h is issue in its discussion of t h e resistor-based BE met h od in section III

. E

. 1

.

In t h e ongoing fluorescent lamp ballast standards rulemaking

, DOE h as tentatively

determined t h ere is no distinct consumer utility difference between T 8 and T 1 2 ballasts

. As a

result

, DOE is considering grouping T 8 and T 1 2 ballasts in t h e same product class

. Due to t h e

difference in rated powers of t h e reference lamps , h owever

, measured BEF values for T 8 and

T 1 2 ballasts are not comparable

. Because DOE plans to sub j ect certain T 8 and T 1 2 ballasts to

t h e same energy conservation standard ( by including t h ese ballasts in t h e same product class ),

DOE agrees t h at amendments to t h e e x isting active mode test procedure to allow for greater

comparability across lamp types is warranted

. T h erefore

, in t h is notice DOE proposes to revise

t h e test procedure suc h t h at t h e reported BEF for a T 1 2 ballast will be comparable to t h e reported

BEF for a T 8 ballast

. T h ese proposed revisions are discussed in furt h er detail in section III

. F

. 5

.

DOE also agrees t h at t h e revised test procedure and metric s h ould be able to encompass

newly-developed lamps

. T h e industry h as not come to consensus on operating specification

standards for some of t h ese new

, reduced-wattage lamps

. W it h out consistent industry standards

9 Lamp type describes a grouping of lamps t h at h ave t h e same lengt h, lumen package

, base type

, and diameter

.

22for lamps

, lig h t-output-based testing of BEF can vary greatly

. DOE proposes to test ballasts

w h ile operating one representative load

, c h aracteri z ing t h e lamp wattage most commonly

operated

. T h e development and marketing of new

, reduced-wattage lamps ( wit h or wit h out ANSI

standards ) is not a concern because today ' s test procedure proposes to specify a particular lamp

and ballast combination for testing

. See section III

. F

. 2 for additional detail on DOE ' s

preliminary decision to test ballasts w h ile operating a load c h aracteristic of t h e most common

wattage lamp

.

NEMA commented t h at lamp filament h eating introduces variability into t h e e x isting

BEF measurement ( NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

. 39 )

. DOE agrees t h e e x isting

ballast test procedure is unclear on w h et h er or not electrode h eating s h ould be used in t h e

reference circuit

. Electrode h eating is known to increase t h e efficiency of a lamp

, w h ic h means

t h e same amount of input power produces more lig h t

. Conse q uently

, t h e ballast factor of a test

ballast tends to be smaller if t h e reference circuit uses electrode h eating compared to a reference

circuit wit h out electrode h eating

. DOE agrees t h at t h e current test procedure inserts some

variability into t h e measurement of BF and conse q uently BEF due to t h e apparent fle x ibility in

t h e use of reference circuit h eating

. In today ' s proposed test procedure

, DOE addresses t h is issue

by specifying t h at electrode h eating s h ould always be used in t h e reference circuit for medium

bipin

, recessed double contact

, and miniature bipin lamps

. Electrode h eating s h ould not be used

in t h e reference circuit for single pin lamps

. As discussed in section III

. E

. 3

, DOE believes

specifying w h et h er electrode h eating s h ould be used in t h e reference case limits opportunity for

introducing variation in t h e test procedure

. DOE also understands t h at t h e efficiency c h ange due

to electrode h eating may vary from lamp to lamp

. DOE believes t h e variation to be relatively

23small

, t h oug h it does not h ave q uantitative data to c h aracteri z e t h is variation among lamps

. DOE

invites comment on reasonable tec h ni q ues to reduce t h is source of variation

.

NEMA also commented t h at filament h eating s h ould be taken into account in comparison

of ballasts wit h different starting met h ods

. ( NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

. 39 )

DOE is aware starting met h od can impact t h e measurement of ballast output power

. Ballasts t h at

employ constant electrode h eating generate smaller BEF values t h an ballasts wit h out constant

electrode h eating

. Because BEF considers t h e lig h t output of a ballast

, constant cat h ode h eating

tends to decrease BEF because some of t h e ballast output power is used for purposes ot h er t h an

lig h t production

. From a system viewpoint , h owever

, BEF reflects t h e loss in lig h ting efficiency

due to electrode h eating

. Contrary to NEMA

, DOE does not believe t h at power dissipated by t h e

lamp electrodes s h ould be included in t h e measurement of output power as t h is power is not used

directly toward t h e primary function of producing lig h t

. DOE notes t h at it will consider setting

specific standards for ballasts t h at employ electrode h eating based on any potential consumer

utility differences 1 0 in t h e ongoing fluorescent lamp ballast standards rulemaking

.

NEMA also indicated T 8 ballasts are particularly impacted by measurement uncertainty

because muc h of t h e T 8 ballast market is h ig h -fre q uency electronic and T 8 lamps are first

operated on a low-fre q uency ( 60- h ert z) reference ballast during BEF testing

. NEMA asserted

t h at lamps increase in efficiency w h en switc h ing from low- to h ig h -fre q uency operation

, but t h at

1 0 In t h e fluorescent lamp ballast standards rulemaking

, DOE h as tentatively determined t h at w h ile rapid-start

ballasts do not offer distinct utility compared to instant-start ballasts

, programmed-start ballasts do offer distinct

utility compared to instant-start ballasts

. DOE found t h at consumers fre q uently use rapid-start ballasts as

replacements for instant-start ballasts

. Programmed-start ballasts , h owever

, can increase lamp lifetime for fre q uent

on / off cycling applications ( e

. g

. for use wit h occupancy sensors ), providing consumer utility

. T h erefore

, DOE h as

tentatively determined to group rapid-start ballasts and instant-start ballast in t h e same product class and place

programmed-start ballasts in a separate product class

.

24all lamps will not gain e x actly t h e same amount of efficiency

. NEMA mentioned it could provide

data to s h ow error of several percent w h en t h e same ballast is tested at different labs wit h

different lamps due to t h e h ig h -fre q uency to low-fre q uency comparison

. ( NEMA

, Public

Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

. 26

, p

. 39 )

DOE agrees t h at random error is introduced into t h e measurement and calculation of BEF

due to variation in lamp efficiency gains w h en switc h ing from magnetic to electronic ballasts

. In

general

, w h en a lamp is run at h ig h -fre q uency ( electronic ballasts ), t h e lamp re q uires less power

to produce t h e same amount of lig h t w h en compared to a low-fre q uency ( magnetic ) ballast

.

Electronic ballasts run at h ig h fre q uency

, so t h ey tend to display h ig h er BEF values t h an lowfre q uency magnetic ballasts

. Part of t h is difference is due to t h e lamp operating at a lower rated

wattage ( increased efficiency ), w h ile t h e remainder is due to improvements in t h e electrical

efficiency of t h e ballast

. ANSI does not specify h ig h -fre q uency reference conditions for 32 W

F32T 8, 60 W F96T 1 2 / ES

, 95 W F96T 1 2HO / ES

, and 11 0 W F96T 1 2HO fluorescent lamps

.

Anot h er source of variation in t h e e x isting test procedure is lamp and ballast wiring for

rapid- and programmed-start ballasts

. T h ese ballasts h ave two wires connected to t h e pins on

eac h end of t h e lamp

. One of t h e two wires supplies power to t h e lamp arc

, and t h e second

provides power to t h e electrode

. Depending on w h ic h pin t h e lamp arc wire is connected to

, t h e

current supplied to t h e lamp arc will encounter different amounts of resistance

. T h e difference in

resistance is due to t h e position on t h e lamp electrode w h ere t h e current starts and finis h es t h e

lamp arc

. Wh en t h is position (h otspot ) is in t h e center of t h e electrode

, wiring differences do not

c h ange t h e measured BEF

. However

, w h en t h e h otspot is closer to one end or t h e ot h er of t h e

electrode

, t h e current encounters varied resistances based on t h e distance it must travel t h roug h

25t h e electrode

. Because ballast wires are not identified as delivering energy to t h e lamp arc or

electrode and t h e position of t h e h otspot is unknown

, t h is source of variation cannot be

eliminated

.

At t h e framework document public meeting

, DOE received comments t h at ballast

manufacturers and independent test labs use lig h t output measurements for calculating ballast

factor for bot h rapid-start and instant-start ballasts

. ( GE

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

.

73 ; P h ilips

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

. 74 ) ANSI C 8 2

. 2- 1 9 8 4 suggests t h e usage of

power measurements for instant-start systems

, but common industry practice h as been t h e usage

of lig h t output measurements for all ballast starting met h ods

. Ballast factor can be calculated

eit h er as a ratio of test and reference circuit lig h t output or as a ratio of measured lamp power

.

DOE notes t h at power measurements are somew h at impractical to conduct on ballasts t h at

employ electrode h eating because t h ese ballasts use two wires to connect to a lamp electrode

.

T h e presence of additional wires re q uires more measurements to determine output power w h ic h

introduces error into t h e results

. DOE believes t h is tec h ni q ue introduces significant error t h roug h

capacitance to ground and loading effects on ballasts t h at use electrode h eating

. As discussed in

section III

. E

. 3

, DOE believes t h at one way to reduce t h is error would be to re q uire lig h t-output

measurements to be used for all ballast types

.

D

. Efficiency Metric for Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts

A j oint comment (h ereafter t h e "J oint Comment ") submitted by ASAP

, t h e American

Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy ( ACEEE ), t h e Alliance to Save Energy ( ASE ), t h e

Natural Resources Defense Council ( NRDC ), t h e Nort h east Energy Efficiency Partners h ips

( NEEP ), and t h e Nort h west Power and Conservation Council ( NPCC ) suggested t h at DOE

26consider a metric ot h er t h an BEF t h at permits comparison between different lamp wattages

,

ballast types

, and numbers of lamps operated by a ballast

. (J oint Comment

, No

. 1 2 at p

. 1)

NEMA also recommended t h at DOE consider c h anging t h e metric away from BEF and toward

an alternate metric

. ( NEMA

, No

. 11 at p

. 2

, pp

. 11

- 1 2 ) NEMA suggested if DOE cannot c h ange

t h e metric from BEF

, it s h ould develop a test procedure t h at re q uires t h e measurement of some

ot h er metric unrelated to lamp lumen output

, suc h as ballast efficiency 11 or relative system

efficacy 1 2

, and t h en give correlations to BEF so t h at BEF can still be used in standard-setting

.

T h e New York State Energy Researc h and Development Aut h ority ( NYSERDA ) also

recommended consideration of RSE as an alternative metric

. ( NYSERDA

, No

. 9

, pp

. 27-2 8)

NEMA asked if DOE mig h t accept a NEMA- and ANSI-supported met h od of measuring BE

,

and correlating BE measurements wit h BEF values

. ( NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at

p

. 32

, pp

. 37-3 8)

T h e energy conservation standard is specified using t h e metric of ballast efficacy factor

.

42 USC 6295 ( g )( 5 ), ( g )(8) In t h is rulemaking

, DOE proposes measuring an alternate metric

( ballast efficiency ) and using a set of correlation functions so t h at BEF values can be reported

.

Acuity Brands Lig h ting also commented t h at muc h of t h e marketplace ( end-users

,

lig h ting designers

, arc h itects

, and electrical engineers ) do not use t h e BEF metric and may not

h ave knowledge of it

. Acuity Brands indicated t h at luminaire manufacturers are t h e primary

users of BEF values

, using t h em in ballast purc h asing decisions for selection of products

11 Ballast efficiency aims to capture t h e electrical efficiency of a ballast by eliminating usage of lamps and

p h otometric measurements in t h e test met h od

. Ballast efficiency e q uals ballast output power divided by ballast input

power

. See section III

. E

. 4

.

1 2 Relative system efficacy provides a greater range of comparability among ballast types in comparison to ballast

efficacy factor

. RSE is based on t h e BEF metric and creates minimal incremental testing burden

. See section III

. E

. 4

.

27compliant wit h regulations

. Acuity Brands also indicated t h at a c h ange in metric would not

impact t h e end-user as muc h it may impact luminaire manufacturers

. ( Acuity Brands Lig h ting

,

Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at pp

. 45-46 ) DOE understands t h at t h e lig h ting design process

involves metrics ot h er t h an BEF

. Lamp

, ballast

, and luminaire combinations may be more or less

efficient w h en analy z ed as a complete system

. End-users may make t h eir purc h asing decisions

from t h is system viewpoint

. DOE appreciates t h is comment ; h owever

, DOE proposes t h e use of

transfer e q uations to convert BE values to BEF for consistency wit h use of t h e BEF metric in 42

USC 6295 ( g )( 5 ) and ( g )(8)

.

T h e J oint Comment suggested t h at an alternate metric s h ould account for all power loads

served by t h e ballast

, including lamp arc power

, cat h ode power

, and standby power

consumption

. (J oint Comment

, No

. 1 2 at p

. 1) DOE understands t h e importance of capturing all

power loads served by a fluorescent lamp ballast

. DOE notes t h at BEF does capture all power

modes listed by t h e J oint Comment ( lamp arc power and cat h ode power ) e x cept for standby

mode consumption

. However

, DOE does not believe it is feasible to incorporate standby power

into t h e BEF metric

. T h e BEF metric relates lig h t output ( relative to a reference system ) to input

power

. Ballasts t h at produce more lig h t using t h e same input wattage h ave a larger BEF value

.

Standby mode power , h owever

, performs a different function

. Instead of using power for lig h t

output

, standby mode power is used to facilitate activation or deactivation of ot h er functions

( active mode functions

, i

. e

. , lig h t output ) by a remote switc h

. Because BEF is a measure of lig h t

output divided by input power and not energy consumption

, DOE does not believe it is feasible

to incorporate a measure of standby mode energy use into t h e BEF metric for active mode energy

consumption

. Wh ile DOE ' s preliminary determination of t h e scope of coverage in t h e

fluorescent lamp ballasts standards rulemaking does not include ballasts capable of operating in

2 8standby mode

, if t h e scope of coverage c h anges to include t h ese ballasts

, DOE will set separate

standby mode energy conservation standards

. Test procedures for t h e measurement of standby

mode energy consumption for fluorescent lamp ballasts can be found in Appendi x Q

.

E

. Test Procedure Improvement Options

Given t h at alternative met h ods of testing may result in reduced measurement variation

compared to t h e e x isting test procedure for BEF

, DOE considered t h ree new met h ods for

measuring t h e efficiency of a ballast and one improved version of t h e e x isting met h od

. T h e first

met h od is called t h e resistor-based ballast efficiency met h od

, and re q uires first measuring an

estimate of ballast electrical efficiency w h en operating a resistor load and t h en converting t h e

estimate to BEF

. T h e second met h od

, called t h e lamp-based ballast efficiency met h od

, involves

measuring ballast efficiency using a lamp as t h e ballast load and t h en converting t h at BE to BEF

.

T h e t h ird met h od makes small c h anges to t h e e x isting test procedure to improve t h e precision of

BEF measurement

. T h e fourt h met h od measures relative system efficacy

, w h ic h is a variation of

ballast efficacy factor t h at is more comparable across ballast types

. Wh ile DOE proposes t h e first

met h od to be used as t h e new test procedure for determination of fluorescent lamp ballast energy

consumption

, DOE is still considering all of t h ese options for improvement of t h e test procedure

and t h erefore invites comments on all alternative met h ods

. T h e following sections discuss t h e

merits and drawbacks of t h e four met h ods

.

1

. Resistor-Based Ballast Efficiency Correlated to Ballast Efficacy Factor

NEMA suggested at t h e framework document public meeting for t h e fluorescent lamp

ballast standards rulemaking t h at DOE s h ould consider using t h e BE metric

. ( NEMA

, Public

Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

. 32

, pp

. 37-3 8) Following t h e public meeting

, DOE participated in

29t h e NEMA task force on ballast efficiency t h roug h J une 2009

. T h roug h a series of conference

calls and meetings

, DOE learned about t h e resistor-based BE met h od and participated in its

development for four-foot 32 W MBP T 8 normal ballast factor ballasts

. Using t h e data gat h ered

and met h odology used in t h e NEMA task force DOE t h en continued development of t h e

proposed test procedure for ot h er lamp types

. DOE defined additional resistor values

, conducted

e x tensive testing for bot h BE and BEF in many product classes

, created transfer e q uations so t h at

BEF values could be reported

, and specified instrumentation specifications in its development of

t h e proposed test procedure

.

Ballast efficiency e q uals lamp arc power divided by ballast input power

. Ballast

efficiency aims to capture t h e electrical efficiency of a ballast by eliminating usage of lamps and

p h otometric measurements

. Instead of using a lamp and measuring lig h t output

, t h e resistorbased BE met h od uses resistors ( a resistor load bank ) to simulate t h e lamp and makes an

electrical measurement of power t h roug h t h e arc-resistor

. Because a resistor can be manufactured

wit h muc h smaller performance tolerances t h an a fluorescent lamp

, t h e resistor introduces muc h

less variation into t h e operating c h aracteristics of t h e ballast

.

NEMA commented t h at a BE measurement does not re q uire lamp electrical and

p h otometric measurements and

, t h us

, is bot h easier to e x ecute and more accurate

. NEMA also

stated t h at BE measurements h ave lower measurement variation ( on t h e order of 1 to 2 percent )

between test facilities and do not re q uire ANSI standards for lamps t h at t h e ballast is designed to

operate

. NEMA believes t h at t h e ballast efficiency metric could be used to compare all ballasts

of a given type ( e

. g

. , all instant-start ballasts

, all programmed-start ballasts ), regardless of t h e

30lamp types t h at t h e ballasts support ( including lamp types yet to be developed )

. ( NEMA

, Public

Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at pp

. 25-27

, p

. 36

, pp

. 76-77

, pp

. 1 00- 1 0 1)

DOE agrees t h at ballast efficiency would likely s h ow less variation t h an BEF and would

allow for more e q uitable comparison among ballasts operating different numbers of lamps or

lamp wattages

. As discussed in section III

. C

, muc h of t h e variation in h erent in t h e e x isting test

procedure is due to variation among reference lamps

. T h e resistor-based BE met h od reduces

muc h of t h e measurement variation due to reference lamps by using a resistor load bank to

simulate t h e load placed on a ballast during t h e measurement of input and output power

.

Decreased measurement variation allows for more precise standard setting and certification

,

compliance

, and enforcement testing

. DOE acknowledges t h at t h e BE metric would allow for

comparability across large portions of t h e ballast market and t h at suc h comparability provides

benefit to consumers

. DOE proposes conversion to BEF values , h owever

, to measure energy

efficiency in a repeatable manner t h at provides comparison for products in t h e same product

class and t h at is also consistent wit h t h e statutory metric set fort h at 42 USC 6295 ( g )( 5 ) and

( g )(8)

.

DOE notes t h at use of ANSI standards would be re q uired for lamps in today ' s proposed

test met h od because of t h e need to define t h e ballast factor of a ballast

. Ballast factor is a

necessary input to t h e transfer e q uations between BE and BEF as discussed in section III

. F

. 5

.

Because DOE proposes to test a ballast using only one lamp type , h owever

, new lamps wit h out

ANSI standards will not affect t h e test procedure

. T h e test procedure indicates using currentlyavailable and ANSI-specified lamps for t h e measurement and calculation of ballast factor

.

3 1Wh ile NEMA commented t h at BE is t h e best descriptor for instant-start energy efficiency

measurements

, NEMA also stated t h at electrode h eating effects s h ould be taken into account for

rapid-start and programmed-start systems ( NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at pp

. 37

-

39 )

. T h e use of electrode h eating impacts t h e ratio of ballast input power to power dissipated in

t h e lamp arc

. Unlike instant-start ballasts

, programmed-start and rapid-start ballasts use a portion

of t h e ballast input power to h eat t h e electrodes

. Ion bombardment at t h e electrode ( known as

sputtering ) during t h e voltage pulse deteriorates t h e lamp electrode over time

. Electrode h eating

reduces t h e magnitude of t h e voltage pulse re q uired to start a lamp

, t h ereby increasing lamp

lifetime for applications t h at re q uire fre q uent on and off switc h ing

. Because t h e resistor-based

BE test met h od measures only t h e power across t h e lamp arc resistor

, measured output power

( lamp arc power ) for ballasts suc h as rapid-start and some programmed-start ballasts tends to be

smaller t h an t h e true total ballast output power

. Instant-start ballasts are less affected by t h is

issue because t h ese ballasts do not employ electrode h eating

. From a lig h ting efficiency

perspective

, t h e BE metric captures t h e percentage of input power utili z ed for lig h ting in t h e

output stage

. DOE believes accounting for output power in t h is way is useful because it does

indicate t h at instant-start ballasts use a greater percentage of input power in t h e direct production

of lig h t

. T h e fluorescent lamp ballast standards rulemaking will consider t h e impact of starting

met h od on consumer utility and will set energy conservation standards accordingly

.

DOE investigated t h e possibility of measuring t h e total output power of a ballast for t h e

BE metric to include electrode h eating and lamp arc power

. To measure t h e total output power

across t h e entire resistor load bank

, a user needs to measure t h e electrode and lamp arc voltage

separately

. DOE found t h is measurement to introduce too muc h error t h roug h capacitance to

ground and loading effects on t h e ballast during h ig h -fre q uency operation

. Accordingly

, DOE

32h as tentatively concluded t h at reducing t h e number of measurements to ensure a more accurate

measurement is t h e more reasonable approac h

. T h erefore

, DOE proposes measuring t h e voltage

drop across t h e lamp arc resistor and t h e input current to t h e resistor load bank to calculate

output power for t h e ballast efficiency metric

.

GE commented t h at ballast manufacturers do not h ave control over t h e performance of a

lamp or t h e measurement variation associated wit h t h e usage of reference lamps in t h e e x isting

test procedure

. GE noted t h at t h e resistor-based BE metric allows ballast designers to meet a

specification t h at is independent of lamp variation

. ( GE

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

.

43 ) DOE understands t h at ballast designers would prefer ballast energy efficiency to be

measured independently from a lamp

. DOE agrees t h at measured BEF is sub j ect to variations in

measured lamp wattage and intends to reduce t h is source of variation

. Today ' s proposed test

procedure reduces t h e effect of reference lamp variation on variation in BEF

.

DOE also believes t h at industry is starting to adopt BE met h od

. NEMA h as already

initiated t h e usage of BE in its Premium Ballast Program

, w h ere BE is used in an alternative

verification procedure

. NEMA invited DOE and ot h er interested parties to participate in t h e

investigation process of t h e BE metric

. ( NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

. 4 1, pp

.

4 8 -50

, p

. 53 ; NEMA

, No

. 11 at p

. 3 ) In particular

, NEMA indicated t h at it h as been studying t h e

measurement variation of ballast efficiency t h roug h ballast testing and wis h ed to collaborate

directly wit h DOE

. NEMA went on to mention t h at lamp manufacturers as well as t h e tec h nical

coordinators for ANSI C 8 2

. 11 and t h e ANSI C 8 2

. 11 Anne x are involved and t h at lamp

manufacturers are aware of t h e BE effort and h ave not voiced any resistance to t h e concept

.

( NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at pp

. 23-25

, p

. 42

, p

. 45

, p

. 4 8, pp

. 54-55 ) ASAP

33stated t h at DOE ' s participation could speed t h e metrics replacement process and t h at t h e

presence of non-industry e x perts would increase ASAP ' s confidence in t h e new metric

. ( ASAP

,

Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

. 47

, p

. 49 )

DOE participated in t h e NEMA task force on ballast efficiency by taking part in

conference calls

, providing tec h nical e x pertise

, and participating in ballast testing

. NEMA

measured ballast efficiency using t h e resistor-based BE met h od t h roug h a round robin activity

( involving multiple ballast manufacturers and independent test labs ) for ballasts t h at operate

32 W, 4-foot medium bipin T 8 lamps

. Using t h ese data

, t h e task force h oned t h e details of t h e test

met h od and e x amined t h e level of variation present in t h e data

. DOE ' s involvement wit h t h e

NEMA task force was for t h e purpose of participating in round robin testing

. Once testing was

complete

, DOE finali z ed development of today ' s proposed test procedure

.

DOE believes t h e resistor-based ballast efficiency met h od reduces measurement

variation

, in comparison to t h e e x isting test met h od

, to a greater e x tent t h an RSE or t h e improved

lig h t-output-based test procedure

. DOE prefers a test procedure wit h reduced variation as it will

allow for more precise standard setting and certification

, compliance

, and enforcement testing

.

DOE invites comment on t h e effectiveness of t h e resistor-based BE test met h od and its e x pected

improvement in measurement variation

.

2

. Lamp-Based Ballast Efficiency Correlated to Ballast Efficacy Factor

As an alternative to t h e resistor-based ballast efficiency met h od ( wit h results correlated

t h roug h transfer e q uations to BEF ) discussed in t h e previous section

, DOE also considered using

a similar met h od using a lamp ( rat h er t h an a resistor load bank ) as t h e ballast load

. T h is

34arrangement h as several potential advantages over today ' s proposed met h od

. As ballasts are

designed to operate lamps

, not resistors

, testing t h e efficiency of a ballast w h ile operating a lamp

may provide for a more accurate representation of power consumption and efficiency t h an w h en

operating a resistor

. For e x ample

, a lamp is a dynamic load w h ic h c h anges impedance in

response to being operated at different powers

. In order to account for t h is effect using t h e

resistor-based ballast efficiency met h od

, DOE proposes using separate resistors for different bins

of ballast factor ( as discussed in section III

. F

. 5 )

. Using a lamp load to test ballast efficiency

,

would allow manufacturers to use a single lamp to act as t h e appropriate load for ballasts of all

ballast factors

. Also

, as discussed in section III

. F

. 8, DOE found t h at several ballasts are

incompatible wit h t h e resistor-based met h od of testing ballast efficiency

. In order to provide a

viable test procedure for t h ese ballasts

, DOE proposes t h at manufacturers use t h e lig h t outputbased test to measure BEF directly

. Using lamp-based ballast efficiency met h od could maintain

a consistent testing procedure across t h ese ballast types

. Below is a brief summary of t h e lampbased ballast efficiency ( correlated to ballast efficacy factor ) test met h od

.

Similar to t h e resistor-based ballast efficiency met h od

, in t h e lamp-based ballast

efficiency met h od

, input and output power measurements would be simultaneously taken by t h e

tec h nician w h ile t h e ballast is operating a lamp ( specified by t h e test procedure )

. To calculate

ballast efficiency

, t h e tec h nician would divide t h e measured output power by t h e measured input

power

. More specifically

, a lamp would be seasoned at least 1 2 h ours prior to testing to ensure

stable electrical c h aracteristics

. T h e lamp and ballast pairing would be selected based on DOE ' s

determination of t h e most common wattage lamp a ballast operates and t h e ma x imum number of

lamps a ballast is designed to operate

. T h e lamp or lamps

, selected for consistency wit h t h e

35specifications in ANSI C7 8

. 81 -2005

, would be mounted in a standard strip fi x ture according to

ANSI C 8 2

. 1 -2004 and ANSI C7 8

. 81 -2005

. Ballast and output power would be measured using a

suitable power analy z er and current probe

. DOE would consider t h e same specifications as

proposed t h e resistor-based met h od as follows

. Instrumentation for current

, voltage

, and power

measurements would be selected in accordance wit h ANSI C7 8

. 375- 1 997 Section 9

, w h ic h

specifies t h at instruments s h ould be " of t h e true RMS type

, essentially free from wave form

errors

, and suitable for t h e fre q uency of operation

. " Instrument performance could be furt h er

specified wit h in t h e guidelines of t h e ANSI C7 8

. 375- 1 997 and ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

. Specifically

,

current would be measured using a galvanically isolated current probe / monitor wit h fre q uency

response between 40 Hert z ( H z) and 20 MH z

. In addition

, voltage would be measured directly

by a power analy z er wit h a ma x imum 1 00 picofarad ( pF ) capacitance to ground and h ave

fre q uency response between 40 H z and 1 MH z

.

Once t h e ballast is connected to t h e lamp and fi x ture

, t h e ballast would be energi z ed at its

h ig h est rated input voltage and t h e lamp and ballast system would be stabili z ed for up to one

h our ( at least fifteen minutes ) as determined in ANSI C7 8

. 375- 1 997

. W it h in one h our of

energi z ing t h e ballast and after t h e lamp and ballast system h ave stabili z ed

, t h e tec h nician would

record t h e input power and sum of t h e output powers measured for eac h lamp

. T h e tec h nician

would t h en divide t h e total output power by t h e input power to yield BE

. Finally

, if DOE were to

adopt t h e lamp-based BE met h od

, similar to t h e resistor-based BE met h od

, DOE would establis h

correlation relations h ips between BE and BEF

.

Wh ile DOE recogni z es t h e several advantages to t h e lamp-based BE met h od ( discussed

earlier ), DOE tentatively believes t h at testing for BE using resistor load instead of a lamp load

36would result in reduced measurement variation by eliminating lamp-to-lamp variability

. At t h is

time

, DOE does not h ave test data to support t h e validity of t h e lamp-based BE met h od or for t h e

generation of appropriate transfer e q uations to correlate lamp-based BE to BEF

. DOE re q uests

additional information on t h is alternative lamp-based BE met h od

, including repeatability and

reproducibility statistics and test data

. DOE also invites comment on t h e burden t h at t h e lampbased BE met h od imposes for testing

.

3

. Improvements to E x isting Test Procedure

As an alternative to t h e ballast efficiency met h ods ( wit h results correlated t h roug h

transfer e q uations to BEF ), DOE considered modifying certain aspects of t h e e x isting test

procedure

. DOE believes t h at some of t h e measurement variation in h erent in t h e e x isting test

procedure can be reduced wit h out making fundamental c h anges

. T h e measurement variation in

BEF can be attributed to operating conditions

, electrode h eating in t h e reference circuit

, variation

in measured power of reference lamps

, inconsistent output power measurements in determining

ballast factor

, and ambient temperature

. DOE investigated met h ods for improving t h e

re q uirements governing t h ese specifications

.

T h e Illuminating Engineering Society of Nort h America ( IESNA ) Lig h ting

Measurements Testing & Calculation Guide ( LM ) IESNA LM-9- 1 999 describes several options

for operating a reference lamp

. DOE believes t h at t h e industry is not uniform in its selection of

operating conditions

, w h ic h results in potential for varied BEF measurements

. Under

Electrical Settings ( section 8

. 0 ), IESNA LM-9- 1 999 states " measurements may be taken wit h t h e

lamp operating and stabili z ed at t h e specified input volts to t h e reference circuit or

, alternatively

,

measurements may be taken wit h t h e lamp stabili z ed

, at t h e rated lamp power or at a specified

37current

. " T h ese different operating conditions can lead to varying reference ballast lig h t outputs

for t h e calculation of ballast factor

. For e x ample

, if t h e reference ballast operates t h e reference

lamp suc h t h at it produces less lig h t

, t h e ballast factor and BEF of t h e test ballast will increase

. If

ballast operators run t h e reference circuit only at t h e specified input voltage to t h e reference

circuit

, DOE believes t h e test procedure will be more reproducible between test facilities because

only a single operating condition will be permitted

. DOE believes using t h e specified input

voltage to t h e reference circuit is t h e best option because it is t h e most common operating

condition used by industry and simplest to e x ecute

. DOE also notes t h at t h e most recent test

procedure final rule for general service fluorescent lamps also specifies testing lamps at a

constant and specified input voltage

. 74 FR 3 18 29

, 3 18 34 (J uly 6

, 2009 )

.

T h e e x isting ballast test procedure is unclear as to w h et h er electrode h eating s h ould be

used in t h e reference circuit

. Electrode h eating is known to increase t h e efficiency of a lamp

,

w h ic h means t h e same amount of input power produces more lig h t

. Compared to a reference

circuit t h at employs electrode h eating

, t h e ballast factor of t h e test ballast tends to be larger if t h e

reference circuit does not use electrode h eating

. An issue arises w h en instant-start ballasts ( no

electrode h eating ) are compared to a reference circuit t h at uses electrode h eating

. T h e additional

lamp efficiency in t h e reference circuit decreases t h e ballast factor and BEF for an instant-start

ballast compared to a test met h od t h at uses no electrode h eating in t h e reference circuit

.

Alt h oug h DOE acknowledges t h e effect on BEF due to electrode h eating in t h e reference circuit

for instant-start test ballasts

, it notes t h ere are no industry supported standards defining reference

circuit operating conditions for medium bipin

, miniature-bipin

, and recessed double contact

lamps wit h out electrode h eating

. T h ese lamps are specified in ANSI standards according to

operation wit h reference ballasts using electrode h eating

, but instant-start

, rapid-start

, or

3 8programmed-start ballasts can operate t h ese lamps

. One cannot simply remove electrode h eating

from t h e circuit

, as it would alter t h e way t h e ballast operates t h e lamp

. W it h out industry

standards

, DOE is unable to q uantify t h e effect new operating conditions mig h t h ave on ballast

factor

. DOE e x pects t h e effect on BEF as a result of increased of lamp efficiency in t h e reference

circuit to be relatively small and consistent among all instant-start ballasts suc h t h at no particular

product is affected to a greater or lesser e x tent t h an any ot h er product

. DOE believes t h at

re q uiring electrode h eating in t h e reference circuit for all ballasts t h at operate medium bipin

,

miniature-bipin

, and recessed double contact lamps would limit potential variation between test

facilities

.

T h e e x isting test procedure specifies t h at t h e reference lamp electrical c h aracteristics

must not vary more t h an 2

. 5 percent from t h e specifications in t h e ANSI C7 8 Series (1 972

Edition and 1 975 Supplement ) for fluorescent lamp electrical c h aracteristics

. Wh ile t h is spread

in operating conditions is less t h an t h e general re q uirements for t h e manufacturing of fluorescent

lamps

, it still leads to muc h of t h e variation in ballast input power and BEF

. Tig h tening t h e

tolerance on lamp electrical c h aracteristics to ± 1 percent of t h e specifications found in t h e ANSI

C7 8 Series (1 972 Edition and 1 975 Supplement ) would decrease measurement variation due to

variability in measured lamp power

. DOE believes t h is c h ange alone could result in a large

reduction in measurement variation

.

Decreasing t h e tolerance for ambient temperature would also reduce measurement

variation

. Differences in ambient temperature c h ange t h e effective load a lamp places on a

ballast w h ic h affects BEF t h roug h c h anges in t h e input power measurement

. DOE found t h at

c h anges in ambient temperature as small as 1O C resulted in c h anges in BEF as large as 1

. 5

39percent

. DOE believes limiting ambient temperature to 25 O C ± 0

. 5 O C would reduce t h e

measurement variation of BEF

.

In response to t h e fluorescent lamp ballast standards rulemaking framework document

,

DOE also received several comments related to t h e ANSI standard referenced by t h e current

fluorescent lamp ballast test procedure

. In written and verbal comments

, NEMA acknowledged

t h at ANSI C 8 2

. 2- 1 9 8 4 cited in t h e current fluorescent lamp ballast test procedure is intended

only for low-fre q uency ballasts and

, t h us

, can be confusing for tec h nicians attempting to test

h ig h -fre q uency electronic ballasts

. NEMA indicated t h at ANSI is creating an update of ANSI

C 8 2

. 11 -2002 and t h e associated C 8 2

. 11 -2002 Anne x ( collectively known as ANSI C 8 2

. 11

Consolidated-2002 1 3 ) t h at specifies an appropriate measurement met h od for h ig h -fre q uency

electronic ballasts

. ( NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at pp

. 7 1 -73 ; NEMA

, No

. 11 at p

.

2 )

DOE agrees t h at t h e ANSI C 8 2

. 2- 1 9 8 4 cited in t h e current test procedure may be

confusing for h ig h -fre q uency ballast operation

. T h us

, DOE believes updating ANSI C 8 2

. 2- 1 9 8 4

to ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002 1 4 and indicating t h e use of ANSI C 8 2

. 11 -2002 and ANSI C 8 2

. 11 Anne x

would improve t h e clarity of t h e electronic ballast test met h od

. DOE believes t h ese c h anges

would reduce measurement inconsistencies but not affect t h e measured energy efficiency of t h e

ballast

. Specifically

, DOE believes t h e input power measurement of ANSI C 8 2

. 2

- 2002 reduces

t h e interference of instrumentation on t h e input power measurement as compared to ANSI

C 8 2

. 2 - 1 9 8 4

. DOE also believes , h owever

, t h at because modern instrumentation does not

1 3 American National Standards for Lamp Ballasts

- Hig h Fre q uency Lamp Ballasts

- Supplements ," approved

J anuary 1 7

, 2002

. 1 4 " American National Standards for Lamp Ballasts

- Met h od of Measurement of Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts ,"

approved J une 6

, 2002

.

40significantly interfere wit h input power measurements

, t h e differences between t h e input power

measurements of t h e two test procedures are negligible

. DOE believes ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002 s h ould

be used as t h e guide for measurement for bot h h ig h

- and low-fre q uency ballasts

. For ballast

operating conditions

, DOE believes ANSI C 8 2

. 1 -2004 s h ould be used for low-fre q uency ( 60 H z)

ballasts and ANSI C 8 2

. 11 Consolidated-2002 for h ig h -fre q uency ballasts

. As discussed later in

section III

. F

. 9

, w h ile DOE is proposing to adopt t h e resistor-based BE test met h od for

compliance wit h any future amended standards ( using transfer e q uations so BEF values can be

reported ), DOE also proposes updating t h e ANSI C 8 2

. 2- 1 9 8 4 reference in t h e e x isting test

procedure for purposes of compliance wit h t h e e x isting standards

. DOE invites comment on t h is

issue

.

In t h e e x isting test procedure

, ballast factor can be calculated eit h er as a ratio of test and

reference circuit lig h t output or as a ratio of measured lamp power

. Re q uiring lig h t output

measurements to be used for all starting met h ods in t h e calculation of ballast factor s h ould

reduce measurement variation and increase t h e consistency and comparability of results

. In

instant-start systems

, power measurements are possible because fewer measurements are

re q uired to measure lamp power

. For programmed-start and rapid-start ballasts

, two wires attac h

to eac h end of t h e lamp

, re q uiring additional voltage and current measurements compared to t h e

instant-start system

. During h ig h -fre q uency operation

, t h ese e x tra measurements make it difficult

to accurately capture lamp power due to capacitance and loading effects on t h e ballast

. For t h is

reason

, lig h t output measurements are used for rapid-start and programmed-start ballasts for t h e

measurement of ballast factor

. Alt h oug h t h e e x isting test procedure indicates t h e usage of power

measurements for instant-start ballasts

, industry practice h as been to use lig h t output

measurements for all starting met h ods

. DOE believes t h e use of lig h t output for t h e measurement

4 1of ballast factor for all ballast types would render t h e values of BF more consistent between

testing facilities

.

Many ballasts are capable of operating lamps wit h different lamp wattages

. For e x ample

,

a ballast designed to operate two four-foot 32 W medium bipin ( MBP ) T 8 lamps can also operate

two 30 W, 2 8W, or 25 W lamps

. T h e BEF will vary based on t h e rated wattage of t h e lamp

operated by t h e ballast

. Wh en a ballast operates a lamp wit h a lower rated wattage

, BEF tends to

increase due to reduced ballast input power

. In an improved lig h t-output-based test procedure

,

DOE would specify particular lamp-and-ballast combinations for testing suc h t h at a ballast is

only tested w h ile operating one specific load

. DOE believes t h is met h od would mitigate testing

burden on manufacturers

, provide a representative measurement of ballast energy consumption

,

and make t h e test procedure more fle x ible to new lamp-and-ballast combinations

. See section

III

. F

. 2 for additional detail on using one lamp ( resistor ) and ballast combination for testing

.

To test every lamp-and-ballast combination

, manufacturers would need to purc h ase and

maintain t h e re q uisite number of reference lamps ( or in t h e case of t h e resistor-based BE met h od

,

resistors ) for every lamp wattage t h at a ballast can operate

. In t h e e x ample mentioned above

, t h is

would re q uire si x lamps ( or resistors ) in addition to t h e two re q uired for t h e 32 W lamp

. For

ballasts t h at operate more t h an two lamps

, t h e impact on manufacturers is more significant

.

Furt h ermore

, ANSI standards do not e x ist for every reduced wattage lamp

. Because industry h as

not reac h ed a consensus regarding t h e performance c h aracteristics of eac h lamp

, DOE did not

c h oose a resistor to represent t h ose lamps for w h ic h an industry standard does not e x ist

. T h us

, to

mitigate t h e testing burden on manufacturers

, in t h e fluorescent lamp ballast standards

rulemaking

, DOE is considering setting standards based on t h e ballast operating t h e most

42common lamp wattage

. Conse q uently

, t h e test procedure only re q uires one lamp-and-ballast

combination to be tested in eac h product class

. See section III

. F

. 2 for additional discussion on

w h y DOE believes testing a ballast w h ile operating one representative load is a reasonable means

of determining t h e efficiency of a ballast

.

Similar to lamp wattage

, ballasts are designed to operate a certain ma x imum number of

lamps

. Many ballasts can operate fewer t h an t h e ma x imum number of lamps

. As discussed in

section III

. F

. 2

, DOE found testing a ballast on all its possible loads ( possible numbers of lamps )

was unnecessary

. DOE believes re q uiring testing of fluorescent lamps ballasts w h ile operating

t h e ma x imum number of lamps for w h ic h t h e ballast is designed would reduce testing burden on

manufacturers and produce representative energy consumption measurements

. T h erefore

, t h is

test procedure would not re q uire testing of ballasts wit h every possible number of lamps it can

operate

.

Some ballasts are also capable of operating at multiple input voltages ( universal voltage

ballasts )

. T h e e x isting energy conservation standards re q uire ballasts to be tested at bot h 1 20 V

and 277 V, w h ic h increases t h e testing burden on manufacturers

. T h e J oint Comment suggested

testing t h ese multi-voltage ballasts at 277 V for commercial ballasts and 1 20 V for residential

ballasts

. (J oint Comment

, No

. 1 2 at p

. 5 ) DOE believes t h at 277 V is t h e most common input

voltage for commercial ballasts and t h at 1 20 V is t h e most common for residential ballasts

.

T h erefore

, DOE agrees wit h t h e J oint Comment and h as tentatively concluded t h at a revised

lig h t-output-based test procedure s h ould test all universal voltage commercial ballasts at 277 V

43and universal voltage residential ballasts at 1 20 V 1 5

. Ballasts capable of operating only at a single

voltage would be tested at t h e rated ballast input voltage

.

DOE believes t h e aforementioned improvements to t h e e x isting test procedure would

decrease measurement variation

. Furt h ermore

, DOE does not believe t h e c h anges would result in

significantly increased testing burden for manufacturers

. DOE believes , h owever

, t h at t h e

proposed resistor-based BE met h od reduces measurement variation to a greater e x tent t h an t h e

improved lig h t-output-based test procedure w h ile also imposing only a nominal increase in

testing burden

. DOE invites comment on t h e effectiveness of t h e improved lig h t-output-based

test procedure to reduce measurement variation and on t h e burden it imposes for testing

.

4

. Relative System Efficacy

DOE considered t h e RSE metric as anot h er alternative to t h e e x isting BEF test procedure

.

T h e RSE metric is intended to normali z e t h e e x isting metric of BEF to rated lamp efficacy to

make it more comparable across ballasts operating different numbers of lamps and different lamp

wattages

. DOE received comments suggesting use of t h e RSE metric in response to t h e

framework document for t h e fluorescent lamp ballast standards rulemaking

.

NEMA

, NYSERDA

, and t h e J oint Comment recommended t h e investigation of RSE as a

potential replacement for t h e BEF metric

. According to comments

, t h e relative system efficacy

metric would allow comparisons to be made across different ballast types

, t h ereby enabling t h e

usage of fewer product classes in t h e energy conservation standard

. ( NYSERDA

, Public Meeting

1 5 ANSI C 8 2

. 77-2002 specifies commercial ballasts must h ave a power factor greater t h an 0

. 9

, w h ile residential

fluorescent ballasts ( wit h an input power below 1 20 W) must h ave a power factor of 0

. 5 or greater

. Residential

ballasts are designed and labeled for use in residential applications

.

44Transcript

, No

. 9 at pp

. 27-2 8, p

. 75 ; NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

. 1 00 ; J oint

Comment

, No

. 1 2 at pp

. 6-7 )

Relative system efficacy is e q ual to BEF divided by 1 00 and multiplied by total rated

lamp power

. RSE provides a greater range of comparability among ballast types in comparison

to BEF

. Because RSE is based on t h e BEF metric

, it creates minimal incremental testing burden

over t h e e x isting test procedure

. RSE allows for improved comparison among ballasts designed

to operate different number of lamp systems and ballasts designed to operate different lamp

wattages

. Lamp and ballast systems operating more lamps or h ig h er-rated-wattage lamps tend to

h ave lower BEF values

. Wh en t h ese lower BEF values are multiplied by correspondingly larger

total-rated-lamp powers

, t h e resulting value is more comparable across different product classes

..

NEMA stated t h at it is attempting to correlate t h e BE and RSE metrics to t h e e x isting

BEF metric

. NEMA also stated t h at t h e RSE metric is likely to be more closely correlated to BE

t h an t h e BEF metric is to BE

. ( NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at p

. 2 8, p

. 33 ) DOE

believes NEMA may be correct in its prediction t h at RSE is more closely correlated to BE t h an

BEF to BE

. However

, DOE proposes t h e use of transfer e q uations to convert BE values to BEF

for consistency wit h use of t h e BEF metric in 42 USC 6295 ( g )( 5 ) and ( g )(8)

. T h erefore

, DOE did

not consider correlating RSE to BE as an option for t h is proposed test procedure

.

Alt h oug h t h e RSE metric improves on t h e BEF metric t h roug h increased comparability

between product classes wit h minimal incremental burden

, DOE believes RSE would ultimately

h ave t h e same measurement uncertainty associated wit h t h e e x isting test procedure or t h e

improved lig h t-output based test procedure

. In particular

, because RSE includes t h e usage of

45reference lamps in test measurements

, RSE is based on t h e same varied inputs as BEF

. T h is

rulemaking ' s test procedure revision is intended to reduce measurement variation

, and DOE

believes t h e proposed resistor-based BE met h od reduces measurement variation to a greater

e x tent t h an RSE

. DOE invites comment on its tentative decision not to adopt RSE as a potential

test met h od

.

F

. Proposed Test Procedure

In consideration of t h e comments and analysis discussed above

, today ' s proposed test

procedure for measuring active mode power consumption is t h e resistor-based BE met h od

, wit h

results correlated to BEF t h roug h t h e use of transfer e q uations

. T h is met h od consists of t h e

following steps: (1) measurement of input power to t h e ballast ; ( 2 ) measurement of simulated

lamp arc power to estimate ballast output power ; and ( 3 ) correlation of t h e ballast efficiency

metric to BEF

. DOE believes t h e resistor-based BE met h od results in t h e largest reduction in

measurement variation over t h e e x isting test procedure

. Interested parties are invited to comment

on t h e proposed resistor-based ballast efficiency met h od

, t h e lamp-based ballast efficiency

met h od

, t h e improvements to t h e BEF met h od

, and t h e RSE met h od described in section III

. E

, or

on any ot h er procedures t h ey believe would be appropriate

.

In t h e sections 1 t h roug h 8 t h at follow

, DOE discusses t h e language proposed for a new

appendi x Q1 to subpart B of 1 0 CFR part 430 (h ereafter " appendi x Q1")

. T h e new appendi x Q1

will contain t h e new test procedure t h at correlates measured BE to BEF t h at will be used for t h e

purposes of compliance wit h future amended standards

. Section 9 describes an update to t h e

e x isting test procedure in appendi x Q to subpart B of 1 0 CFR part 430

. T h e c h ange to appendi x

Q updates an industry reference from ANSI C 8 2

. 2- 1 9 8 4 to t h e current ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

. DOE

46proposes to create a separate appendi x Q1 for t h e proposed new test procedure

. DOE will retain

t h e e x isting BEF test procedure for compliance wit h e x isting standards and

, once amended

standards become effective

, for use wit h ballasts t h at cannot operate resistors

. Section 1 0

discusses amendments DOE is proposing regarding references to ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

.

1

. Test Conditions

DOE proposes t h at prior to measurement

, t h e ballasts would be t h ermally conditioned at

room temperature ( 25 O C ± 2 O C ) for at least 4 h ours

. During t h is conditioning period

, ballasts are

not operating or energi z ed

. Providing time for t h ermal conditioning h elps to generate

reproducible results as electrical products ' performance c h aracteristics tend to c h ange in

response to temperature

.

In addition

, DOE proposes t h at ballasts be tested using t h e electrical supply

c h aracteristics found in section 4 of ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002 wit h t h e following c h anges: (1) ballasts

capable of operating at a single voltage would be tested at t h e rated ballast input voltage ; ( 2 )

users of universal voltage ballasts would disregard t h e input voltage directions in section 4

. 1 of

ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002 t h at indicate a ballast capable of operating at multiple voltages s h ould be

tested at bot h t h e lowest and h ig h est USA design center voltage ; and ( 3 ) manufacturers use t h e

most recent revisions to t h e normative references associated wit h ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

. Instead of

testing universal voltage ballasts at t h e voltages indicated in ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

, DOE believes

t h at testing ballasts at a single voltage is more appropriate and less burdensome

. DOE believes

277 V is t h e most common input voltage for commercial ballasts and t h at 1 20 V is t h e most

common for residential ballasts

. T h erefore

, DOE proposes t h at all universal voltage commercial

ballasts be tested at 277 V and t h at universal voltage residential ballasts be tested at 1 20 V

.

472

. Test Setup

T h e resistor load bank is a network of resistors used to model t h e load placed on a ballast

by a fluorescent lamp

. It consists of five resistors

, two for eac h of t h e two electrodes and one for

t h e lamp arc

. In a lamp

, current can arc from one electrode to t h e ot h er from any two positions

( known as h otspots ) on t h e lamp electrodes

. T h e position can be different eac h time t h e current

flow alternates from one direction to t h e ot h er

. T h e e x act position determines t h e effective

resistance of t h e electrode by determining t h e distance t h roug h w h ic h current must travel in t h e

electrode

. If t h e h otspots are at t h e ends of t h e electrodes for an instant-start system

, t h e total

electrode resistance will be greater t h an if t h e h otspots are bot h at t h e center of t h e electrode

.

Wh en t h e arc begins at t h e center of t h e electrode

, t h e lengt h of t h e resistor is divided in h alf

,

creating a circuit wit h two e q uivalent resistors in parallel

. T h e h otspots ' positions c h ange over

time

, but t h e design of t h e resistor load bank is limited to one fi x ed position

. T h erefore

, DOE

needed to select a position for t h e h otspot

, and model t h e resistor load bank accordingly

.

T h e selection of t h e h otspot position was based largely on t h e design of rapid-start and

programmed-start ballasts because t h e position of t h e h otspot impacts t h e measured value of BE

.

T h ese ballasts use two wires to carry ballast output power to t h e lamp

. One of t h ese wires

supplies power for electrode h eating

, w h ile t h e ot h er provides power for t h e lamp arc

. Electrode

h eating re q uires significantly less power t h an t h e lamp arc

, so different levels of current and

voltage e x ist in t h e two ballast wires leading to t h e lamp

. Because t h ese two wires are not labeled

by t h e respective loads t h ey serve

, t h e user does not know w h ic h wire is w h ic h

. W it h two

different resistors

, depending on w h ic h wire was attac h ed to t h e larger or smaller resistor

, t h e

circuit would display two different output powers

. T h erefore

, DOE modeled a lamp wit h t h e

4 8h otspot in t h e middle of t h e electrode so t h at t h e resistance of eac h pat h would be e q ual

. Section

III

. F

. 7 describes h ow DOE determined resistor values for eac h type of lamp

.

DOE proposes t h at t h e ballast be connected to a main power source and to t h e resistor

load bank according to t h e ballast manufacturer ' s wiring instructions

. Wh ere t h e wiring diagram

indicates connecting t h e ballast wire to a lamp

, t h e lead would be connected to a resistor load

bank

. Ballast wire lengt h s would be unaltered from t h e lengt h s supplied by t h e ballast

manufacturer to accurately capture t h e ballast efficiency of t h e product in its original

manufactured form

. W ires running from t h e load bank to t h e power analy z er would be kept loose

or unbundled and at a minimal working lengt h, to reduce error introduced to t h e ballast circuit

because of current bypassing t h e ballast

.

DOE also proposes t h at t h e ballast be connected to t h e resistor load bank associated wit h

t h e most common wattage lamp t h e ballast is designed to operate

. In many cases

, a ballast can

operate several reduced wattage lamps in addition to t h e most common variety

. For e x ample

,

ballasts designed to operate four-foot MBP T 8 lamps can operate 32 W, 30 W, 2 8 W, and 25 W

lamps

. Because ballasts operate differently w h en connected to different loads

, a single resistor

load bank is unable to simulate t h e load induced by all lamp wattages

. To test every lamp-and

ballast combination

, manufacturers would need to purc h ase and maintain t h e re q uisite number of

reference lamps ( or in t h e case of t h e proposed met h od

, resistors and lamps ) for every lamp

wattage t h at a ballast can operate

. Maintaining t h is number of lamps and resistors would impose

a significant burden on manufacturers

. Additionally

, ANSI standards do not e x ist for every

reduced wattage lamp

. Because industry h as not reac h ed a consensus regarding t h e performance

c h aracteristics of eac h lamp

, DOE could not c h oose a resistor to represent t h ose lamps for w h ic h

49an industry standard does not e x ist

. T h us

, to mitigate t h e testing burden on manufacturers

, t h e

proposed test procedure would only re q uire one lamp-and-ballast combination to be tested in

eac h product class

. T h erefore

, DOE proposes a test procedure based on t h e ballast operating t h e

most common lamp wattage

, resulting in a ballast efficiency t h at represents t h e way t h e product

is primarily used in t h e market and reducing t h e testing burden on manufacturers

.

DOE proposes to test fluorescent lamp ballasts operating t h e ma x imum number of lamps

for w h ic h t h ey are designed

. Many ballasts can operate fewer t h an t h e ma x imum number of

lamps t h ey are designed to operate

. DOE compared t h e BEF of a ballast operating t h e ma x imum

number of lamps for w h ic h it was designed to a ballast operating t h e same number of lamps but

w h ic h was designed to operate more lamps

. For e x ample

, a 4-lamp ballast operating two lamps

h as a similar efficiency to a 2-lamp ballast operating two lamps

. Wh en operating t h e same

number of lamps

, DOE found no correlation between t h e ballasts capable of operating different

ma x imum numbers of lamps and BEF

. T h erefore

, today ' s proposed test procedure re q uires

testing of a ballast only w h ile it is operating t h e number of resistor load banks e q ual to t h e

ma x imum number of lamps for w h ic h it was designed

.

In response to t h e framework document for t h e fluorescent lamp ballast standards

rulemaking

, t h e J oint Comment stated t h at DOE s h ould establis h performance re q uirements at

specific dimming levels ( suc h as 1 00

, 75

, 50

, and 25 percent ) suc h t h at dimming ballasts can be

consistently compared

. (J oint Comment

, No

. 1 2 at p

. 5 ) DOE agrees t h at a test procedure for

dimming ballasts s h ould specify t h e dimming level or levels at w h ic h ballast efficiency s h ould be

tested

. T h e preliminary determination of t h e scope of coverage in t h e fluorescent lamp ballast

standards rulemaking , h owever

, does not include dimming ballasts because t h ese ballasts h ave an

50overall market s h are of about one percent and are already used in energy-saving systems

. T h us

,

DOE did not include t h em in t h e preliminary scope of coverage

. If DOE determines in t h e

fluorescent lamp ballast standards rulemaking t h at t h e scope of coverage s h ould include

dimming ballasts

, DOE will develop a test procedure for t h ese ballasts

. DOE invites comment on

potential met h ods of measurement for determining t h e efficiency of dimming ballasts in t h e

event dimming ballasts are added to t h e scope of coverage in t h e ongoing fluorescent lamp

ballast standards rulemaking

.

Ballast wiring is different depending on starting met h od

. Instant-start ballasts h ave only

one wire connecting t h e ballast to eac h end of t h e load

, w h ile rapid-start and programmed-start

ballasts h ave two wires connected to eac h end

. T h e second wire in rapid-start and programmedstart systems is used for electrode h eating

. T h e resistor load banks h ave two input wires

connected to two electrode resistors

. In t h is test procedure

, DOE proposes t h at t h e single output

wire on an instant-start ballast be s h orted wit h t h e two input electrode resistors to be consistent

wit h current industry practice

. DOE notes t h at t h is circuit topology is consistent wit h t h e wiring

of lamp-and-ballast systems for bipin lamps

. For e x ample

, a four-foot 32 W MBP T 8 lamp h as

two pins t h at are s h orted toget h er wit h t h e ballast output wire using a j umper wire or an adapter

.

A programmed-start ballast would not need to be s h orted toget h er because t h e ballast uses two

wires for ballast output between t h e ballast and t h e lamp

.

DOE proposes t h at t h e power analy z er voltage leads be attac h ed to t h e wires leading to

and from t h e main power source for input voltage measurements and t h at t h e current probe be

placed around t h e same wires for input current

. T h e power analy z er s h ould h ave at least one

c h annel per lamp plus one additional c h annel for t h e ballast input power measurement

. Figure 1

5 1s h ows t h e instrumentation placement for t h e output power measurement for ballasts t h at operate

MBP

, recessed double contact ( RDC ), and miniature-bipin ( miniBP ) lamps and Figure 2 s h ows

placement for ballasts t h at operate single pin ( SP ) lamps

.

Figure 1 . Instrumentation Placement for Ballasts t h at Operate MBP

, RDC

, and MiniBP

Lamps

Figure 2. Instrumentation P lacement for Ballasts t h at Operate SP Lamps

523

. Test Met h od

ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002 specifies operating t h e reference lamp wit h t h e test ballast for less t h an

30 seconds to reduce t h e effect of lamp restabili z ation on lig h t output and to give t h e ballast less

time to increase in temperature

. Following t h e protocol establis h ed in ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

, a lamp

is first stabili z ed on a reference ballast and t h en transferred to a test ballast wit h out being

e x tinguis h ed

. T h e output of a fluorescent lamp remains relatively constant ( steady-state ) w h en

operated under defined conditions

. Wh en t h ese defined conditions c h ange ( e

. g

. , switc h ing from a

reference ballast to a test ballast ) t h e lamp output c h aracteristics also c h ange

. T h is c h ange is not

immediate

, so by limiting t h e time t h e test ballast is driving t h e reference lamp

, t h e reference

lamp is kept as close as possible to its reference conditions

. In addition

, as a ballast operates

, it

increases in temperature until it reac h es steady-state

, t h oug h it may take more t h an t h irty minutes

for a ballast to increase from room temperature to steady-state temperature

. Limiting test ballast

operation to t h irty seconds limits t h e increase in ballast temperature

. DOE believes t h at over t h e

course of t h irty seconds

, t h e c h ange in lamp operating c h aracteristics h as a more significant

impact on lig h t output t h an c h anges in ballast temperature

.

For t h e proposed resistor-based test procedure

, DOE found t h at one minute of operation

was re q uired to provide sufficient time to prepare for t h e data capture w h ile maintaining t h e

ballast and resistor load bank near room temperature

. DOE recogni z es t h at it is e x tending t h e

time of operation compared to t h e procedures outlined in ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

, but it does not

believe t h e additional 30 seconds allow for a significant increase in temperature of t h e ballast or

in t h e resistance of t h e resistor load bank

. As previously stated

, DOE believes t h e main driver in

ANSI ' s decision to limit operation to 30 seconds was t h e c h ange in lamp operating

c h aracteristics

, not ballast temperature

. DOE proposes t h at after one minute of data capture t h e

53ballast be switc h ed off

, so t h at t h e resistor load bank duty cycle not e x ceed 50 percent ( t h at is

,

for every operational minute

, t h e load s h ould be rested for one minute ) to minimi z e any issue

wit h t h ermal drift of t h e resistor load bank

. T h ermal drift describes t h e p h enomenon of a resistor

e xh ibiting a different resistance in response to a c h ange in its internal temperature

. DOE believes

t h at operating a resistor load bank for one minute followed by one minute of z ero power will

sufficiently reduce t h e opportunity for t h e resistor load bank deviate from its room temperature

resistance rating

.

During data ac q uisition

, t h e power analy z er s h ould measure t h e input voltage and current

and t h e output voltage and current according to t h e setup described in section III

. F

. 2

. DOE

proposes t h at t h e measured input parameters be voltage ( RMS 1 6 ), current ( RMS ), power

, and

power factor measured in accordance wit h ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

. T h e measured output parameters

would include lamp arc resistor voltage

, current

, and power

. Instrumentation for current

, voltage

,

and power measurements would be selected in accordance wit h ANSI C7 8

. 375- 1 997 1 7 Section 9

,

w h ic h specifies t h at instruments s h ould be " of t h e true RMS type

, essentially free from wave

form errors

, and suitable for t h e fre q uency of operation

. " DOE proposes to furt h er specify

instrument performance wit h in t h e guidelines of t h e ANSI C7 8

. 375- 1 997 and ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

.

Specifically

, current would be measured using a galvanically isolated current probe / monitor wit h

fre q uency response between 40 Hert z ( H z) and 20 MH z

. In addition

, voltage would be measured

directly by a power analy z er wit h a ma x imum 1 00 picofarad ( pF ) capacitance to ground and

h ave fre q uency response between 40 H z and 1 MH z

.

1 6 Root mean s q uare ( RMS ) voltage is a statistical measure of t h e magnitude of a voltage signal

. RMS voltage is

e q ual to t h e s q uare root of t h e mean of all s q uared instantaneous voltages over one complete cycle of t h e voltage

signal

. 1 7 " American National Standard for Fluorescent Lamps

- Guide for Electrical Measurements ," approved September

25 , 1 997

.

54In addition to making electrical input and output measurements

, today ' s proposed test

procedure would also re q uire measurement of ballast factor for t h e conversion to BEF

. As

discussed in t h e ballast factor section of III

. F

. 5

, ballast factor affects t h e apparent load placed on

a ballast by a lamp

, and conse q uently t h e measured BEF

. BF h elps assign a ballast to a particular

product class

, and it must be determined empirically

. DOE proposes t h at ballast factor be

measured in accordance wit h ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002 section 1 2

, wit h a few modifications

. Because

t h e measurement of ballast factor re q uires a reference lamp

, DOE proposes to adopt some of t h e

improvements to t h e e x isting test procedure described in section III

. E

. 3

. DOE believes

specifying particular electrical operating conditions

, clarifying in w h ic h circumstances electrode

h eating s h ould be used in t h e reference circuit

, and using lig h t output measurements instead of

power measurements for all ballasts will reduce variation in t h e measurement of BF

. T h ese

c h anges are discussed in greater detail below

.

First

, DOE notes t h at t h ere are several options for operating a reference lamp as

described in IESNA LM-9- 1 999

. As described in section III

. E

. 3

, DOE proposes operating t h e

reference lamp at t h e specified input voltage to t h e reference circuit

. T h is met h od is t h e simplest

to e x ecute and t h e most common practice in industry

. In addition

, DOE adopted t h is met h od in

t h e test procedure final rule for general service fluorescent lamps

. 74 FR 3 18 29

, 3 18 34 (J uly 6

,

2009 )

. Second

, t h e e x isting ballast test procedure is unclear on w h et h er electrode h eating s h ould

be used in t h e reference circuit for all ballasts

. As described in section III

. E

. 3

, t h e presence or

absence of electrode h eating in t h e reference circuit c h anges t h e lig h t output of t h e reference

lamp on t h e reference circuit

, t h ereby c h anging t h e measured value of BF

. DOE proposes t h at

electrode h eating be used in t h e reference circuit for all ballasts t h at operate bipin or recessed

double contact lamps ( MBP

, mini-BP

, RDC )

. Single-pin lamps s h ould not use h eating in t h e

55reference circuit because t h ese ballasts are not capable of undergoing electrode h eating and are

designed for use wit h instant-start ballasts

. T h ird

, alt h oug h t h e e x isting test procedure re q uires

t h e usage of power measurements for instant-start ballasts

, industry practice h as been to use lig h t

output measurements for all starting met h ods

. DOE proposes t h e use of lig h t output for t h e

measurement of ballast factor for all ballast types to make t h e values of BF more consistent

.

In addition

, because DOE is considering establis h ing a ballast efficiency ( correlated to

BEF ) test procedure based on operation of a lamp at t h e most common wattage

, DOE proposes

t h at ballast factor also be measured using t h e most common wattage lamp

. Ballast factor s h ould

be measured using a reference lamp wit h t h e nominal wattage indicated in section III

. F

. 7 for a

given ballast type

. T h is nominal wattage also represents t h e type of lamp t h e resistor load bank

simulates

. Testing eac h ballast wit h only t h e most common wattage lamp produces test results

t h at are most representative of h ow t h e end users operate fluorescent lamp ballasts

.

DOE does not believe t h at t h e usage of reference lamps for t h e purpose of ballast factor

determination creates significant measurement variation

. DOE believes t h at variations in

measured lamp power affect ballast input power to a muc h greater e x tent t h an ballast factor

.

DOE invites comment on t h e variation of ballast factor due to lamp manufacturing variations and

its effect on t h e measurement variation of BE converted to BEF

.

4

. Calculations

As described in E q uation 1 below

, ballast efficiency is e q ual to output power divided by

input power

.

56Output Power BE

= E q

. 1 Input Power

DOE proposes to relate ballast efficacy factor to t h e measured ballast efficiency t h roug h

t h e empirically derived transfer e q uations discussed in section III

. F

. 5

.

5

. Transfer E q uations

- General Met h od

A system of transfer e q uations is needed for correlating BE to BEF consistent wit h 42

USC 6295 ( g )

. DOE determined t h e transfer e q uations empirically by testing ballasts using bot h

t h e proposed resistor-based BE and e x isting BEF test met h ods

. DOE t h en plotted t h e results and

computed a linear regression to generate an e q uation for BEF as a function of BE

.

T h e e x isting test procedure for fluorescent lamp ballasts allows for ballasts to operate t h e

reference lamps under multiple operating modes

. T h e user may operate at constant lamp current

,

voltage

, or power

. DOE used constant input voltage to t h e reference circuits for all of its BEF

measurements and for lamp resistor determination

. DOE believes t h is to be t h e most common

industry practice

. T h erefore

, t h e transfer e q uations t h at convert BE to BEF reflect t h is decision

.

Because factors like number of lamps

, ballast factor

, starting met h od

, and lamp diameter

affect t h e correlation between BE and BEF

, DOE considered individual transfer e q uations for

eac h product class proposed in t h e fluorescent lamp ballast standards rulemaking

. T h e following

paragrap h s discuss eac h of t h e factors considered in t h e transfer e q uation development process

.

DOE invites comment on t h e transfer e q uations

.

Number of Lamps

57T h e number of lamps operated by a ballast h as a disparate effect on t h e BE and BEF

metrics

. BEF decreases for ballasts operating increased number of lamps

. T h is is because ballast

input power increases ( denominator ) but t h e ballast factor ( numerator ) does not necessarily

c h ange

. In contrast

, BE c h anges muc h less wit h varying numbers of lamps because t h e

numerator and denominator c h ange by roug h ly proportional amounts

. T h erefore

, DOE parsed t h e

data into groupings based on t h e number of lamps t h e ballast operates

. W it h in t h ese groupings

,

DOE plotted BE versus BEF and computed a linear regression to generate an e q uation for BEF

as a function of BE

.

Ballast Factor

For a given ballast type

, ballast factor tends to increase wit h increased ballast input

power

. As ballast input power increases

, so does t h e ballast output power and conse q uently t h e

lig h t output

. Wh en a lamp is running at ah ig h er lamp current and power ( representative of a

ballast wit h a h ig h BF ), lamp impedance decreases and t h e apparent load t h e lamp places on t h e

ballast decreases

. T h erefore

, ah ig h BF ballast operating a resistor t h at simulates normal BF

loading will measure ah ig h er BE t h an w h en running a load of t h e appropriate resistance

. To

account for t h is c h ange in apparent load wit h a resistor load bank

, DOE identified two options:

(1) modify resistor values to account for t h e c h ange in apparent load due to lamp current and BF ;

or

( 2 ) conduct all testing wit h one resistor representing normal BF but develop separate transfer

e q uations for t h ree different ranges of ballast factors ( called bins )

. 18

18 DOE proposes t h ree ballast factor bins: low

, normal

, and h ig h

. Low-ballast factor ballasts h ave a ballast factor of

0

. 7 8 or less ; ballasts designed wit h a ballast factor between 0

. 7 8 and 1

. 1 0 are normal-ballast factor ; and h ig h -ballast

factor ballasts were defined to h ave a ballast factor of 1

. 1 0 or h ig h er

.

5 8For option one

, DOE would need to determine resistor values for multiple ballast factors

for eac h ballast type

. By appropriately matc h ing resistance to BF

, t h e test procedure would more

accurately model t h e c h ange in apparent load as a function of ballast factor

. T h is met h od would

create an additional burden on DOE at t h e outset of t h e test procedure and an even more

significant burden on manufacturers

. For e x ample

, if in order to obtain measurable improvement

in testing accuracy compared to option 2

, DOE were to assign a separate resistor value to eac h

ballast factor in t h e low ballast factor product class for 4-foot T 8 MBP ballasts

, DOE would need

to specify four specific resistor values

. Specification of multiple resistors based on ballast factor

would re q uire t h e manufacturer to purc h ase many more resistors t h an a test procedure t h at used

one resistor for all ballast factors

. To limit t h e impact on manufacturers

, DOE could determine

resistor values for two to t h ree commonly used BFs per ballast type and establis h bins around

t h ese ballast factors

. K eeping t h e number of BF-specific resistor values to a minimum would

decrease manufacturer burden but still be more burdensome t h an option 2 wit h out offering any

appreciable improvement in testing accuracy compared to option 2

.

Option two specifies t h at ballasts of all BFs are tested using t h e same resistor value

.

Under t h is approac h, ballasts designed wit h a ballast factor different t h at t h e ballast factor

simulated by t h e resistor load bank would be operating a load t h at is non-representative of t h e

effective load placed on t h e ballast by a real lamp

. Wh en testing ballasts of all ballast factors

using one resistor

, all else h eld constant

, as BF increases

, measured BE will tend to increase as

well

. Because t h e measured BE will not accurately describe lamp arc power divided by ballast

input power

, DOE would need to create a scaling tec h ni q ue

. DOE can develop transfer e q uations

for converting measured BE to BEF t h at correspond to bins of ballast factors

. Transfer e q uations

could be developed for particular ranges of BF so t h at DOE can define different relations h ips

59between measured BE and BEF for different BF bins

. DOE proposes to use t h ree bins because

ballasts currently offered in t h e market are generally centered on t h ree different ballast factors

.

DOE proposes t h is option because DOE believes it appropriately balances accurate scaling based

on ballast factor wit h t h e reduced burden on manufacturers as a result of using one resistor for all

ballast factors

.

DOE notes t h at placing ballasts into t h ree bins based on BF results in t h e measured

efficiency of t h e ballasts wit h t h e lowest BF in a particular bin to be relatively smaller t h an t h e

h ig h er end of t h e BF bin

. Low BF ballasts tend to measure a lower BE t h an a h ig h BF ballast

w h en operating t h e same resistor because of t h e effects of current on lamp impedance discussed

previously

. T h is could potentially encourage t h e industry to produce ballasts at t h e upper ends of

t h ese bins

, as t h e associated energy conservation standard would be less stringent for t h e h ig h er

BF models

. DOE invites comment on t h is issue

.

DOE considered two mitigating strategies for reducing t h e market interference resulting

from specifying a small number of BF bins

. One possible solution to t h is problem is to increase

t h e number of BF bins to reduce t h e range in BF wit h in a bin

. DOE was not able to assemble

enoug h data based on t h e ballast factors currently offered in t h e market to increase t h e number of

BF bins

. T h e ballast market tends to clump around two to t h ree popular ballast factors

, rendering

empirical determination of transfer e q uations for intermediate ballast factors infeasible

. DOE

also considered creating a continuous function of BE as a function of BF to normali z e BE values

for t h e deviation in measured BE as a result of running a ballast on unrepresentative resistive

load

. T h ese normali z ed BE values would t h en be used as inputs to a single transfer e q uation

developed from data obtained by testing ballasts wit h t h e ballast factor t h at t h e resistive load

60bank simulates

. Similar to efforts to increase t h e number of BF bins , h owever

, DOE found t h at

t h e market provided insufficient data for scaling

. W it h only two to t h ree BFs in t h e data set

,

DOE could not be certain of t h e relations h ip between BF and measured BE

.

Accordingly

, based upon t h e above considerations

, DOE h as tentatively decided to

proceed wit h option two by developing t h ree transfer e q uations relating to t h ree different ballasts

factor bins

. DOE tested ballasts of h ig h

- , normal-

, and low-ballast factor varieties for eac h ballast

type to develop an e q uation for BEF as a function of BE specific to t h e ballast factor type (h ig h,

normal

, or low )

. DOE plotted BE and BEF data for a given BF bin (h ig h

- , normal-

, or low-BF

bins ) and calculated a linear regression to determine an e q uation for BEF as a function of BE for

t h e given BF

.

Starting Met h od

Starting met h od also impacts t h e correlation between BE and BEF

. Instant-start ballasts

are in general more efficient t h an rapid-start and programmed-start ballasts

. Because instant-start

ballasts do not supply electrode h eating

, t h ere are fewer losses in t h e ballasts ' internal circuitry

and more of t h e output power goes to t h e lamp arc

. Rapid-start and programmed-start ballasts

use part of t h eir output power to h eat t h e lamp electrodes

. In s h ort

, starting met h od h as nonlinear

effects on t h e lig h t-output-based measurement of BEF and t h e BE-based measurement of BEF

suc h t h at specific transfer e q uations are re q uired for eac h starting met h od

. T h erefore

, DOE

parsed t h e data into groupings based on starting met h od

. W it h in t h ese groupings

, DOE plotted

BE versus BEF and computed a linear regression to generate an e q uation for BEF as a function

of BE

. In t h e fluorescent lamp ballast standards rulemaking

, DOE plans to consider grouping

instant-start and rapid-start ballasts in t h e same product class and programmed-start ballasts in a

6 1separate product class based on consumer utility

. To create BEF values w h ic h are comparable for

product classes wit h instant-start and programmed-start ballasts

, DOE proposes to use one

transfer e q uation for converting BE to BEF

. T h is decision was made on t h e basis t h at ballasts of

t h e same BE s h ould h ave t h e same BEF

.

Lamp Diameter

In t h e fluorescent lamp ballast standards rulemaking

, DOE h as tentatively determined

t h at t h ere is no distinct consumer utility difference between T 8 and T 1 2 ballasts

. As a result

,

DOE is grouping T 8 and T 1 2 ballasts in t h e same product class

. At t h e 200 8 public meeting

,

NEMA commented t h at BEF measurement re q uires p h otometric measurements of a reference

lamp attac h ed to t h e test ballast ; t h us

, BEF values cannot be compared across ballasts t h at

operate different lamp types

. ( NEMA

, Public Meeting Transcript

, No

. 9 at pp

. 1 24- 1 25 ; NEMA

,

No

. 11 at p

. 6 ) DOE agrees t h at under t h e e x isting test procedure

, t h e BEF values measured for

T 8 and T 1 2 ballasts are not comparable because t h e reference lamps for t h ese ballasts h ave

different rated power

. Because certain T 8 and T 1 2 ballasts would be sub j ect to t h e same energy

conservation standard ( in t h e preliminary analysis of t h e fluorescent ballast standards rulemaking

t h ese ballasts are in t h e same product class ), DOE proposes to amend t h e test procedure suc h t h at

t h e reported T 1 2 ballast BEF would be comparable to t h e reported BEF for a T 8 ballast

. To

ac h ieve t h is

, DOE first developed transfer e q uations based on data for T 8 ballasts in a given

product class

. To generate T 1 2 ballast BEF values w h ic h are comparable to T 8 ballast BEF

values

, DOE proposes using t h e transfer e q uations developed for t h e relevant T 8 ballasts to

generate a BEF for T 1 2 ballasts

. As suc h, a T 1 2 ballast BE value would be used as an input to

t h e relevant T 8 transfer e q uation

. T h e T 8 transfer e q uation would t h en output a T 1 2 ballast BEF

value comparable to BEF values for T 8 ballasts

. DOE made t h is decision based on t h e

62assumption t h at T 8 and T 1 2 ballasts wit h t h e same BE s h ould h ave t h e same BEF w h en

reporting compliance wit h energy conservations standards

.

6

. Transfer E q uations

- Testing

, Analysis

, and Results

In t h e fluorescent lamp ballast standards rulemaking

, DOE h as preliminarily categori z ed

ballasts into 70 product classes

. In today ' s test procedure

, DOE proposes to generate separate

transfer e q uations for eac h product class

. DOE targeted representative product classes and

certain key product classes for e x tensive testing wit h t h e e x pectation t h at scaling would be

re q uired to establis h transfer e q uations for t h e remaining product classes

. DOE found strong

correlation between BE and BEF for t h e product classes indicated in Table III

. 1

.

DOE believes a linear relations h ip s h ould e x ist between BE and BEF for ballasts of t h e

same ballast factor

, starting met h od

, number of lamps

, and lamp type

. All ballasts under t h ese

constraints send t h e same amount of output power to a lamp

, and t h erefore

, ballasts of different

efficiency vary in input power only

. A more efficient ballast re q uires less input power to yield

t h e same output power as a less efficient ballast

. Because bot h BE and BEF are proportional to

t h e same e x pression ( t h e inverse of input power ), a linear relations h ip s h ould e x ist between t h e

two metrics

. T h e test data indicated a linear relations h ip between BE and BEF

, consistent wit h

DOE ' s e x pectation

. Alt h oug h DOE tested mostly electronic ballasts

, w h ic h are generally more

efficient t h an t h eir magnetic counterparts

, DOE believes t h e linear relations h ip between BE and

BEF s h ould e x ist across all values of BE and BEF

. As suc h, DOE developed linear relations h ips

between BE and BEF suc h t h at t h e e q uation passed t h roug h t h e origin ( a BE of z ero s h ould

correspond to a BEF of z ero )

. DOE developed transfer e q uations in t h e form BEF = slope * BE

,

establis h ing a slope for eac h product class for t h e conversion of BE to BEF

.

63Table III. 1 Transfer E q uation Development Met h od by Product Class

Ballast and Lamp

Type Starting

Met h od Ballast

Factor Number of Lamps

One Two T h ree Four Five Si x

Four-Foot MBP

, and Two-Foot US h aped IS and RS

( not PS ) Hig h 1 2 3 4 5 6

Normal 7 8 9 1 0 11 1 2

Low 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 18

PS Hig h 1 9 20 2 1 22 23 24

Normal 25 26 27 2 8 29 30

Low 3 1 32 33 34 35 36

Four-Foot T5

MiniBP SO All Hig h 37 3 8

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Normal 39 40

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Low 4 1 42

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Four-Foot T5

MiniBP HO All All 43 44 45 46

-- - -- -

Eig h t-Foot SP

Slimline All Hig h 47 4 8

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Normal 49 50

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Low 5 1 52

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Eig h t-Foot RDC

HO IS and RS All 53 54

-- - -- - -- - -- -

PS All 55 56

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Residential Ballast

,

Four-Foot MBP

, and Two-Foot US h aped IS and RS

( not PS ) All 57 5 8 59 60

-- - -- -

PS All 6 1 62 63 64

-- - -- -

Sign Ballast All All 65 66 67 6 8 69 70

Gray s h ading indicates t h e slope is based on test data directly

. Gray s h ading wit h diagonal

lines indicates t h e slope is based on a relations h ip between total rated lamp power and slope

. All ot h er product classes ( not s h aded ) h ave slopes based on scaling relations h ips

. DOE tested

ballasts for BE and BEF in underlined product classes

.

* IS = Instant-start ; RS = Rapid-start ; PS = Programmed-start

Based on t h e test data for 4-foot 32 W MBP T 8 ballasts

, DOE establis h ed scaling ratios

for ballast factor type

, number of lamps operated

, and starting met h od

. For ballast factor type

,

DOE calculated t h e ratio of t h e slopes for product classes 2 and 1 4 compared to product class 8

and used t h ese ratios for scaling all ot h er normal ballast factor product classes to t h eir h ig h and

low ballast factor counterparts

. For starting met h od

, DOE employed a similar tec h ni q ue to t h e

64ballast factor type scaling met h od

. DOE calculated t h e ratio of t h e slopes for product class 8 and

product class 26 to establis h a relations h ip between t h e combined instant- and rapid-start ballast

product classes and t h e programmed-start product classes

. Again

, DOE based scaling for all

ot h er combined instant- and rapid-start ballast product classes to t h eir programmed-start

counterparts on t h is ratio between instant- and rapid-start ballast and programmed-start ballasts

.

For number of lamps operated by a ballast

, DOE fit a power regression e q uation to t h e slopes for

4-foot MBP T 8 instant- and rapid-start normal BF ballasts t h at operate one

, two

, or t h ree lamps

( product classes 7 , 8, and 9 )

. DOE used t h e e q uation to e x trapolate t h e slopes for products

classes 1 0 , 11, and 1 2 ( four

, five

, and si x lamps ) DOE t h en used t h e slopes for product classes 7

t h roug h 1 2 to establis h ratios between t h e slopes for ballasts t h at operate 1, 3

, 4

, 5

, or 6 lamps

and t h e slope for ballasts t h at operate 2 lamps

. Again

, DOE based scaling for all ot h er 2 lamp

,

normal BF ballasts to t h eir 1, 3

, 4

, 5

, and 6 lamp counterparts on t h e number of lamps ratios

generated wit h product classes 7 t h roug h 1 2

.

DOE focused its testing on 4-foot 32 W MBP T 8 ballasts for t h e establis h ment of scaling

ratios between BF

, number of lamps

, and starting met h od

. DOE tested smaller q uantities of

ballasts from ot h er product classes

, but found 8 -foot T 8 SP slimline ballasts to h ave a strong

correlation between BE and BEF in t h e available dataset

. For 4-foot T5 SO

, 4-foot T5 HO , 8

-

foot RDC HO

, and sign ballasts

, DOE developed a relations h ip between total rated lamp power

and t h e slope of t h e line relating BE to BEF

. Total rated lamp power is t h e sum of t h e rated lamp

wattages ( as defined in 1 0 CFR 430

. 2 ) operated by a particular ballast

. DOE fit a power

regression e q uation to t h e slopes and total rated input powers for product classes 1 9 7 , 8, 9

, 49

,

and 50

. Using t h is relations h ip

, DOE e x trapolated and interpolated slopes for product classes

1 9 Product classes are identified by numbers in Table III

. 1

.

65product classes 39

, 40

, 43 t h roug h 46

, 53

, 54

, and 65 t h roug h 70

. DOE estimated t h e slopes

based on total rated lamp power for t h ese product classes because t h ere was insufficient

correlation in t h e test data to establis h a slope

. DOE invites comment on its scaling tec h ni q ue for

number of lamps operated by a ballast

, starting met h od

, ballast factor

, and total rated lamp

power

.

Table III

. 2 lists t h e slope of t h e line developed by DOE for converting measured BE to

BEF

. Using t h e e q uation BEF = slope * BE

, measured BE is converted to BEF

.

Table III.2 Transfer E q uation Slopes

Ballast

and Lamp

Type Starting

Met h od * Ballast

Factor Number of Lamps

One Two T h ree Four Five Si x

Four-Foot

MBP

, and

Two-Foot

U-S h aped IS and

RS ( not

PS ) Hig h 3

. 233 1

. 624 1

. 0 81 0

. 81 2 0

. 650 0

. 542

Normal 3

. 37 8 1

. 697 1

. 1 29 0

. 8 49 0

. 679 0

. 566

Low 3

. 430 1

. 723 1

. 1 47 0

. 8 62 0

. 690 0

. 575

PS Hig h 3

. 204 1

. 6 1 0 1

. 07 1 0

. 8 0 8 0

. 644 0

. 537

Normal 3

. 34 8 1

. 6 8 2 1

. 11 9 0

. 8 44 0

. 673 0

. 56 1

Low 3

. 400 1

. 70 8 1

. 1 37 0

. 8 57 0

. 6 8 4 0

. 570

Four-Foot

T5

MiniBP

SO All Hig h 2

. 9 1 0 1

. 5 8 4

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Normal 3

. 04 1 1

. 655

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Low 3

. 0 88 1

. 6 8 0

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Four-Foot

T5

MiniBP

HO All All 1

. 703 0

. 927 0

. 649 0

. 504

-- - -- -

Eig h t-Foot

SP

Slimline All Hig h 1

. 653 0

. 8 4 1

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Normal 1

. 727 0

. 8 7 8

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Low 1

. 754 0

. 8 92

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Eig h t-Foot

RDC HO IS and

RS ( not

PS ) All 1

. 1 2 8 0

. 6 1 4

-- - -- - -- - -- -

PS All 1

. 1 3 8 0

. 6 1 9

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Residential

Ballast

, Four-Foot

MBP

, and

Two-Foot

U-S h aped IS and

RS ( not

PS ) All 3

. 357 1

. 6 8 6 1

. 1 22 0

. 8 53

-- - -- -

PS All 3

. 32 8 1

. 67 1 1

. 11 3 0

. 8 46

-- - -- -

66Sign

Ballast All All 0

. 888 0

. 4 8 3 0

. 33 8 0

. 263 0

. 2 1 6 0

. 18 4

Gray s h ading indicates t h e slope is based on test data directly

. Gray s h ading wit h diagonal lines indicates t h e

slope is based on a relations h ip between total rated lamp power and slope

. All ot h er product classes ( not s h aded )

h ave slopes based on scaling relations h ips

. DOE tested ballasts for BE and BEF in underlined product classes

.

* IS = Instant-start ; RS = Rapid-start ; PS = Programmed-start

7

. Resistor V alue Determination

T h e resistor-based BE met h od re q uires a resistive load bank to be used in place of a lamp

during ballast operation

. T h erefore

, DOE determined 20 t h e resistive value corresponding to

different lamp types operating at conditions described in ANSI C7 8

. 81 -2005

. 2 1 In some cases

,

t h e resistor value was calculated from data publis h ed in ANSI C7 8

. 81 -2005

. ANSI C7 8

. 81 -2005

provides electrical c h aracteristics of lamps under eit h er h ig h -fre q uency or low-fre q uency

operation

. For T 8 and T 1 2 lamps

, ANSI C7 8

. 81 -2005 provides electrical c h aracteristics for lowfre q uency operation

, and for T5 lamps

, t h e standard provides c h aracteristics for h ig h -fre q uency

operation

. Since electronic ballasts operate in h ig h -fre q uency

, DOE needed to empirically

determine h ig h -fre q uency resistances for testing electronic ballasts t h at operate T 8 and T 1 2

lamps

. Since all T5 ballasts currently offered in t h e market are electronic

, DOE did not need to

empirically determine resistor values for low-fre q uency operation

. DOE determined one resistor

value per lamp and did not modify t h e resistance based on eac h individual different ballast

factors as discussed in section III

. F

. 5

. Table III

. 3 lists t h e resistor values determined empirically

and t h ose specified by ANSI C7 8

. 81 -2005

.

20 DOE determined t h e simulated lamp arc resistor value at BF

= 0

. 88 for 4-foot 32 W MBP T 8 ballasts because 0

. 88

was used in t h e NEMA round robin and is t h e most common BF for t h is ballast type

. 2 1 American National Standards for Electric Lamps

, Double-Capped Fluorescent Lamps

- Dimensional and

Electrical C h aracteristics ," approved August 11, 2005

.

67Table III.3 Simulated Lamp Resistor V alues

Ballast Type Nominal

Lamp

W attage Lamp

Diameter

and Base Low-Fre q uency

Operation

Resistance ( O h ms ) Hig h -Fre q uency

Operation Resistance

( O h ms )

Electrode

( R 1I 2E ) Lamp

Arc

( R

arc ) Electrode

( R 1I 2E ) Lamp Arc

( R

arc )

Ballasts t h at operate one

, two

,

t h ree

, four

, five

, or si x straig h ts h aped lamps ( commonly referred

to as 4-foot medium bipin lamps )

wit h medium bipin bases

, a

nominal overall lengt h of 4 8

inc h es

, a rated wattage of 25 W or

more

, and an input voltage at or

between 1 20 V and 277 V 32 T 8 MBP 5

. 75 439 5

. 75 760

34 T 1 2 MBP 4

. 8 1 5 1 4

. 8 204

Ballasts t h at operate one

, two

,

t h ree

, four

, five

, or si x U-s h aped

lamps ( commonly referred to as

2-foot U-s h aped lamps ) wit h

medium bipin bases

, a nominal

overall lengt h between 22 and 25

inc h es

, a rated wattage of 25 W or

more

, and an input voltage at or

between 1 20 V and 277 V 32 T 8 MBP 5

. 75 439 5

. 75 760

34 T 1 2 MBP 4

. 8 1 5 1 4

. 8 204

Ballasts t h at operate one or two

rapid-start lamps ( commonly

referred to as 8 -foot h ig h output

lamps ) wit h recessed double

contact bases

, a nominal overall

lengt h of 96 inc h es and an input

voltage at or between 1 20 V and

277 V 8 6 T 8 HO

RDC N / A N / A 4

. 75 53 8

95 T 1 2 HO

RDC 1

. 6 1 3 1 1

. 6 204

Ballasts t h at operate one or two

instant-start lamps ( commonly

referred to as 8 -foot slimline

lamps ) wit h single pin bases

, a

nominal overall lengt h of 96

inc h es

, a rated wattage of 52 W or

more

, and an input voltage at or

between 1 20 V and 277 V 59 T 8 slimline

SP N / A * 8 76 N / A * 1 256

60 T 1 2

slimline SP N / A * 3 1 3 N / A * 43 1

Ballasts t h at operate one or two

straig h t-s h aped lamps ( commonly

referred to as 4-foot miniature

bipin standard output lamps ) wit h

miniature bipin bases

, a nominal

lengt h between 45 and 4 8 inc h es

,

a rated wattage of 26 W or more

, and an input voltage at or

between 1 20 V and 277 V 2 8 T5 MiniBP N / A N / A 20 950

Ballasts t h at operate one

, two

,

t h ree

, or four straig h t-s h aped

lamps ( commonly referred to as

4-foot miniature bipin h ig h output

lamps ) wit h miniature bipin 54 T5 MiniBP N / A N / A 4 255

6 8bases

, a nominal lengt h between

45 and 4 8 inc h es

, a rated wattage

of 49 W or more

, and an input

voltage at or between 1 20 V and

277 V

Ballasts t h at operate one

, two

,

t h ree

, or four straig h t-s h aped

lamps ( commonly referred to as

4-foot medium bipin lamps ) wit h

medium bipin bases

, a nominal

overall lengt h of 4 8 inc h es

, a

rated wattage of 25 W or more

, an

input voltage at or between 1 20 V

and 277 V, a power factor of less

t h an 0

. 90

, and t h at are designed

and labeled for use in residential

applications 32 T 8 MBP 5

. 75 439 5

. 75 760

34 T 1 2 MBP 4

. 8 1 5 1 4

. 8 204

Ballasts t h at operate one

, two

,

t h ree

, four

, five

, or si x rapid-start

lamps ( commonly referred to as

8 -foot h ig h output lamps ) wit h

recessed double contact bases

, a

nominal overall lengt h of 96

inc h es

, an input voltage at or

between 1 20 V and 277 V, and

t h at operate at ambient

temperatures of 20 O F or less and

are used in outdoor signs 8 6 T 8 HO

RDC N / A N / A 4

. 75 53 8

11 0 T 1 2 HO

RDC 1

. 6 1 66 1

. 6 275

MBP

, Mini-BP

, RDC

, and SP represent medium bipin

, miniature bipin

, recessed double contact

, and single pin

, respectively

. * T h e resistor load bank representing 8 -foot slimline single pin ( SP ) lamps does not h ave electrode resistors

.

ANSI C7 8

. 81 -2005 specifies t h e electrode resistance a lamp manufacturer must ac h ieve

t h roug h design and manufacturing

. Electrode resistance is assumed to be t h e same for lowfre q uency and h ig h -fre q uency operation because a tungsten filament ( lamp electrode ) h as h ig h

impedance at bot h fre q uencies

. For t h e lamp arc

, t h e ANSI standard provides electrical

c h aracteristics for eit h er h ig h or low fre q uency

, depending on t h e lamp type

. By dividing lamp

arc wattage by t h e s q uare of lamp current

, DOE calculated t h e resistance of t h e lamp arc resistor

.

Wh ere lamp specification s h eets do not specify electrical c h aracteristics for t h e desired

fre q uency of operation

, DOE determined resistor values empirically

. DOE empirically

69determined resistor values for h ig h -fre q uency operation of 32 W F32T 8, 60 W F96T 1 2 / ES

, 95 W

F96T 1 2HO / ES

, and 11 0 W F96T 1 2HO lamps

. To determine t h e resistor values empirically

,

DOE first measured t h e lig h t output of a reference lamp operated by a reference ballast at low

fre q uency

. Ne x t

, DOE connected t h e same reference lamp to a reference ballast operating at h ig h

fre q uency

. By ad j usting t h e voltage and current provided to t h e lamp

, DOE ac h ieved t h e same

lig h t output for h ig h -fre q uency operation as measured in low-fre q uency operation

. T h en

, DOE

calculated t h e apparent resistance of t h e lamp under h ig h -fre q uency operation using measured

current and voltage

.

DOE notes t h at t h e measurement of lamp arc power is slig h tly different t h an actual lamp

arc power due to t h e empirical met h od of determining t h e resistor value

. DOE calculated t h e

lamp arc resistor using measured lamp voltage and current at a predetermined lig h t output

. Part

of t h is voltage is applied across t h e lamp electrodes

, so t h e calculated lamp arc resistor value

tends to be slig h tly larger t h an reality

. DOE believes t h e increase in calculated lamp arc

resistance due to voltage drop in t h e electrodes to be minimal in comparison to t h e true lamp arc

resistance

. Because DOE cannot measure lamp electrode resistance independently of t h e lamp

arc

, DOE was unable to account for t h is problem

. Design of t h e fluorescent lamp prevents DOE

from making t h is measurement

. In addition

, DOE does not identify t h e resistance for a discrete

electrode resistor for ballasts t h at operate eig h t-foot slimline SP lamps because DOE could not

determine t h is value empirically and ANSI C7 8

. 81 -2005 does not list t h e resistance

. In effect

,

t h e empirical resistor value determination met h od includes t h e resistance of t h e electrodes in t h e

resistance of t h e lamp arc resistor

. Because t h e SP lamps only h ave one pin

, t h e electrodes and

lamp arc are all connected in series

. Wh en DOE measured t h e resistance for t h e " lamp arc

resistor ," DOE was unable to separate t h e resistance of t h e electrodes from t h e lamp arc due to

70design of a fluorescent lamp

. Wh ile it was necessary to use electrode resistors in medium bipin

,

miniature-bipin

, and recessed double contact lamps to allow for an electrode h eating circuit

,

single-pin lamps do not h ave t h is functionality and are only designed for use wit h instant-start

ballasts

. T h erefore

, t h e lamp arc resistor for single-pin lamps includes t h e effective resistance of

t h e entire lamp in a single resistor

.

In addition

, today ' s proposed h ig h -fre q uency lamp arc resistor values for ballasts t h at

operate one

, two

, t h ree

, four

, five

, or si x straig h t-s h aped and U-s h aped lamps wit h medium bipin

bases

, a nominal overall lengt h of 4 8 inc h es

, a rated wattage of 25 W or more

, and an input

voltage at or between 1 20 V and 277 V are based on a ballast factor of 0

. 88

. T h is value resulted

from DOE ' s participation in t h e NEMA round robin testing for t h e development of t h e resistorbased BE met h od

. DOE selected a resistor for four-foot MBP ballasts t h at represented a 0

. 88

ballast factor

, w h ic h is t h e most common ballast factor for t h is ballast type

. For ot h er ballast

types

, DOE used t h e electrical c h aracteristics in ANSI C7 8

. 81 -2005 to develop h ig h -fre q uency

lamp arc resistor values

. T h ese c h aracteristics correspond to a ballast factor of 1

. 0

. DOE does not

believe t h at t h e q uality of t h e test procedure is affected by t h e use of a different ballast factor for

t h e 4-foot T 8 MBP ballasts

. DOE invites comment on t h is issue

.

8

. Non-Operational Ballasts Wh en Connected to a Resistor

During t h e testing process

, DOE targeted certain product classes spanning ranges of

ballast factor

, starting met h od

, lamp type

, and number of lamps for e x tensive testing of bot h BEF

and BE

. See section III

. F

. 6 for additional detail on t h e specific product classes c h osen for testing

.

DOE selected several ballasts

, ranging from one to appro x imately fifteen

, wit h in eac h c h osen

product class and tested t h ree samples of eac h ballast

. As part of its testing process for

7 1developing transfer e q uations between BEF and BE

, DOE identified seven different ballast

models t h at did not operate t h e resistor load bank

. T h erefore

, DOE was t h erefore unable to

calculate t h ese ballasts ' BE

. T h ese ballasts were from different product classes and different

manufacturers

. In some cases

, all t h ree e x amples of a particular ballast did not operate a resistor

,

w h ile in t h e ot h er cases only one or two ballast e x amples did not operate a resistor

. DOE also

confirmed t h at t h e ballasts did operate properly w h en connected to fluorescent lamps

. DOE does

not know specifically w h y some ballasts do not operate resistor load banks

. It appears t h ese

ballasts sensed t h e load was not a real fluorescent lamp and turned off

. For ballasts found to not

operate resistors

, DOE proposes t h at manufacturers use t h e e x isting BEF test procedure found in

appendi x Q

. In addition

, DOE is considering an alternative proposal in w h ic h it would include

improvements to t h e lig h t-output-based test procedure in t h e procedure for ballasts t h at do not

operate resistors

. DOE believes t h is would improve t h e precision of t h e BEF measurements for

ballasts t h at do not operate resistors

. T h e improved lig h t-output-based test procedure could be

outlined as a separate section in Appendi x Q1 only for use wit h ballasts t h at do not operate

resistors

. DOE invites comment on w h y some ballasts do not operate w h en connected to a

resistor load bank

.

9

. E x isting Test Procedure Update

As discussed in III

. E

. 2

, DOE proposes to update t h e reference in t h e e x isting test

procedure ( appendi x Q) from ANSI C 8 2

. 2- 1 9 8 4 to ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

, and to specify t h at w h ere

ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002 references ANSI C 8 2

. 1

- 1 997

, t h e operator s h all use ANSI C 8 2

. 1 -2004 for

testing low-fre q uency ballasts and s h all use ANSI C 8 2

. 11 -2002 for h ig h -fre q uency ballasts

.

T h ese c h anges to t h e e x isting test procedure to moderni z e t h e ANSI reference would be effective

30 days following publication of t h e test procedure final rule

. DOE does not believe t h e updated

72standard will impose increased testing burden

, nor will it alter t h e measured BEF of fluorescent

lamp ballasts

. Because t h e active mode and standby mode test procedures now bot h reference

ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

, DOE proposes to bot h update t h e reference and reorgani z e t h e test procedure

outlined in appendi x Q for clarity

.

1 0

. References to ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

As stated

, in t h is NOPR DOE is proposing amendments to t h e fluorescent lamp ballast

test procedure t h at would incorporate references to ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002 into appendi x Q and

appendi x Q1

. In e x amining t h e ANSI standard

, DOE found t h at wit h in ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002 t h ere

are references ot h er ANSI standards

. In particular

, section 2 of ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002 states t h at

" w h en American National Standards referred to in t h is document [ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002] are

superseded by a revision approved by t h e American National Standards Institute

, Inc

. t h e

revision s h all apply

. " Revisions to t h ese normative standards could potentially impact

compliance wit h energy conservation standards by c h anging t h e tested value for energy

efficiency

. T h erefore

, DOE proposes to specify t h e particular versions of t h e ANSI standards

t h at would be used in con j unction wit h ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

. DOE proposes to use ANSI C7 8

. 81

-

2005

, ANSI C7 8

. 90 1 -2005

, ANSI C 8 2

. 1 -2004

, ANSI C 8 2

. 11 -2002

, and ANSI C 8 2

. 1 3-2002 in

support of ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

. All ot h er normative references would be as directly specified in

ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002

. T h ese specifications would apply to t h e ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002 references in

Appendi x Q and to t h e ANSI C 8 2

. 2-2002 references in Appendi x Q1

. DOE conducted testing in

development of today ' s proposed test procedure for Appendi x Q1 in accordance wit h t h e

aforementioned industry references

.

73G

. Burden to Conduct t h e Proposed Test Procedure

EPCA re q uires t h at [a]ny test procedures prescribed or amended under t h is section s h all

be reasonably designed to produce test results w h ic h measure energy efficiency

, energy use * * *

or estimated annual operating cost of a covered product during a representative average use cycle

or period of use * * * and s h all not be unduly burdensome to conduct

. '' ( 42 U

. S

. C

. 6293 ( b )( 3 ))

.

Today ' s proposed test procedure seeks to calculate t h e efficiency of a ballast by computing t h e

ratio of ballast output power ( simulated lamp arc power ) to ballast input power

. T h is ratio is t h en

converted to ballast efficacy factor

, t h e statutorily re q uired efficiency metric

. DOE believes its

proposed met h od minimi z es burden on manufacturers w h ile still ac h ieving an effective test

procedure

.

DOE soug h t to reduce manufacturer burden w h erever possible

. As described in section

III

. F

. 2

, DOE c h ose to test eac h ballast type using only one resistor load bank instead of using a

different load for eac h ballast factor and number of lamps associated wit h a ballast

. DOE

believes t h is c h oice reduces burden on t h e manufacturer

. In addition

, t h e proposed test procedure

re q uires no additional measurement instrumentation beyond w h at ballast manufacturers use for

t h e e x isting test procedure and ot h er general uses

. T h e re q uired measurement of ballast factor is

no different t h an t h e procedure manufacturers already use for reporting BF in t h eir literature

. T h e

use of resistors for measuring ballast input power and lamp arc power , h owever

, does impose a

small incremental burden compared to t h e e x isting test procedure

. DOE estimates t h e initial

purc h ase cost of resistors for a two-lamp ballast to be about $1 000 to $ 2000 and does not believe

t h is additional materials burden is unreasonable due to t h e low cost and t h e fact t h at t h e materials

cost can be amorti z ed over t h e span of many years because t h e resistors maintain integrity over a

long lifespan

. T h e test procedure imposes a minimal incremental labor burden of about 30 to 60

74minutes for a two-lamp ballast over t h e e x isting test procedure to measure BE using t h e ballastresistor setup

. For t h ese reasons

, even for small ballast manufacturers

, DOE believes t h e testing

burden is not unduly burdensome

. DOE invites comment on t h is issue

.

H

. Impact on Measured Energy Efficiency

In any rulemaking to amend a test procedure

, DOE must determine " to w h at e x tent

, if

any

, t h e proposed test procedure would alter t h e measured energy efficiency

. . . of any covered

product as determined under t h e e x isting test procedure

. " ( 42 U

. S

. C

. 6293 ( e )(1)) If DOE

determines t h at t h e amended test procedure would alter t h e measured efficiency of a covered

product

, DOE must amend t h e applicable energy conservation standard accordingly

. ( 42 U

. S

. C

.

6293 ( e )( 2 )) T h is proposed active mode test procedure does impact t h e reported BEF value

. Some

products will test wit h h ig h er or lower efficiency based on t h e new test procedure because of t h e

transfer e q uation between t h e measured parameters and t h e reported BEF value

. DOE is

currently amending energy conservation standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts in t h e fluorescent

lamp ballast standards rulemaking

. In t h at rulemaking

, DOE will consider standards based on

t h e measured efficiency of t h e ballast in accordance wit h t h e test procedure proposed in t h is

active mode test procedure rulemaking consistent wit h 42 U

. S

. C

. 6293 ( e )( 2 )

. DOE will use test

data t h at it collects in t h e course of bot h t h is test procedure rulemaking and t h e fluorescent lamp

ballast standards rulemaking w h en setting energy conservation standards for fluorescent lamp

ballasts

.

I

. Certification and Enforcement

Ballast manufacturers are currently not re q uired to submit compliance statements and

certification reports

. In t h is rulemaking

, DOE proposes to re q uire fluorescent lamp ballast

75manufacturers to follow t h e certification and enforcement re q uirements summari z ed in subpart F

of

1 0 CFR part 430

.

DOE regulations at 1 0 CFR 430

. 62 ( a )( 4 ) describe t h e format and content of a

certification report for consumer products

. DOE proposes to include fluorescent lamp ballasts in

t h e list of products for w h ic h certification reports are re q uired ( along wit h specific energy

consumption metrics )

. T h e revised submission of data section will indicate t h at ballast

manufacturers s h ould report ballast efficacy factor and power factor in certification reports

. T h e

definition of " basic model " can be found at 1 0 CFR 430

. 2 ; t h e fluorescent lamp ballast test

procedure can be found in 1 0 CFR part 430

, subpart B

, Appendi x Q, and t h e sampling plan can

be found at 1 0 CFR 430

. 24 (q)

. Manufacturers would be re q uired to follow all ot h er provisions of

subpart F of 1 0 CFR part 430 for certification and enforcement applicable to all covered ballasts

.

DOE proposes t h at certification statements and compliance reports be submitted in

accordance wit h t h e e x isting energy conservation standards one year after publication of t h is

rulemaking ( publication appro x imately J une 30

, 20 11)

. In addition

, DOE proposes t h at

certification statements and compliance reports be submitted in accordance wit h t h e revised

energy conservation standards and possible e x pansion of scope of coverage one year after t h ese

standards become effective ( effective date of standards appro x imately J une 30

, 20 1 4 )

.

I V

. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review

A

. E x ecutive Order 1 2 8 66

Today ' s proposed rule h as been determined to not be a " significant regulatory action "

under E x ecutive Order 1 2 8 66 , " Regulatory Planning and Review ," 5 8 FR 5 1 735 ( Oct

. 4 , 1 993 )

.

76Accordingly

, t h is action was not sub j ect to review under t h at E x ecutive Order by t h e Office of

Information and Regulatory Affairs ( OIRA ) of t h e Office of Management and Budget ( OMB )

.

B

. National Environmental Policy Act

In t h is proposed rule

, DOE proposes test procedure amendments t h at it e x pects will be

used to develop and implement future energy conservation standards for ballasts

. DOE h as

determined t h at t h is rule falls into a class of actions t h at are categorically e x cluded from review

under t h e National Environmental Policy Act of 1 969 ( 42 U

. S

. C

. 432 1 et se q

. ) and DOE ' s

implementing regulations at 1 0 CFR part 1 02 1

. Specifically

, t h is proposed rule would amend t h e

e x isting test procedures wit h out affecting t h e amount , q uality or distribution of energy usage

,

and

, t h erefore

, would not result in any environmental impacts

. T h us

, t h is rulemaking is covered

by Categorical E x clusion A5 under 1 0 CFR part 1 02 1, subpart D

, w h ic h applies to any

rulemaking t h at interprets or amends an e x isting rule wit h out c h anging t h e environmental effect

of t h at rule

. Accordingly

, neit h er an environmental assessment nor an environmental impact

statement is re q uired

.

C

. Regulatory Fle x ibility Act

T h e Regulatory Fle x ibility Act ( 5 U

. S

. C

. 60 1 et se q

. ) re q uires preparation of an initial

regulatory fle x ibility analysis for any rule t h at by law must be proposed for public comment

,

unless t h e agency certifies t h at t h e rule

, if promulgated

, will not h ave a significant economic

impact on a substantial number of small entities

. As re q uired by E x ecutive Order 1 3272 , " Proper

Consideration of Small Entities in Agency Rulemaking ," 67 FR 5346 1 ( August 1 6

, 2002 ), DOE

publis h ed procedures and policies on February 1 9

, 2003

, to ensure t h at t h e potential impacts of

its rules on small entities are properly considered during t h e DOE rulemaking process

. 6 8 FR

777990

. DOE h as made its procedures and policies available on t h e Office of t h e General

Counsel ' s website: h ttp: // www

. gc

. doe

. gov

.

T h e Small Business Administration ( SBA ) h as set si z e t h res h olds for manufacturers of

fluorescent lamp ballasts t h at define t h ose entities classified as " small businesses " for t h e

purposes of t h e RFA

. DOE used t h e SBA ' s small business si z e standards to determine w h et h er

any small manufacturers of fluorescent lamp ballasts would be sub j ect to t h e re q uirements of t h e

rule

. 65 FR 30 8 36

, 30 8 50 ( May 1 5

, 2000 ), as amended at 65 FR 53533

, 53545 ( September 5

,

2000 ) and codified at 1 3 CFR part 1 2 1

. T h e si z e standards are listed by Nort h American

Industry Classification System ( NAICS ) code and industry description and are available at

h ttp: // www

. sba

. gov / idc / groups / public / documents / sba h omepage / serv sstd tablepdf

. pdf

.

Fluorescent lamp ballast manufacturing is classified under NAICS 3353 11, " P o wer,

Distribution, & Specialty Transformer Manufacturing. " T h e S BA sets a t h res h ol d of 750

employees or less for an entity to be consi d ere d as a small business for t h is category

.

To better assess t h e potential impacts of t h e propose d stan d ar d s for fluorescent lamp

ballasts on small entities

, D OE con d ucte d a more focuse d in q uiry of t h e companies t h at coul d be

small manufacturers of fluorescent lamp ballasts

. During its mar k et sur v ey

, D OE use d all

a v ailable public information to i d entify potential small manufacturers

. D OE ' s researc h in v ol v e d

se v eral in d ustry tra d e association members h ip d irectories

, pro d uct d atabases

, in d i v i d ual

company websites

, an d mar k eting researc h tools ( e g

. , Dunn an d B ra d street reports ) to create a

.

list of e v ery company t h at manufactures or sells fluorescent lamp ballasts co v ere d by t h is

rulema k ing

. D OE re v iewe d all publicly

- a v ailable d ata an d contacte d select companies on its list

,

as necessary

, to d etermine w h et h er t h ey met t h e S BA ' s d efinition of a small business

7 8manufacturer of co v ere d fluorescent lamp ballasts

. D OE screene d out companies t h at d i d not

offer fluorescent lamp ballasts co v ere d by t h is rulema k ing

, d i d not meet t h e d efinition of a

" small business ," or are foreign owne d an d operate d. U ltimately

, D OE i d entifie d appro x imately

1 5 fluorescent lamp ballast manufacturers t h at pro d uce co v ere d fluorescent lamp ballasts an d can

potentially be consi d ere d small businesses

.

T h e propose d rule inclu d es re v isions to appen d i x Q an d appen d i x Q1, as well as

certification reporting re q uirements

. T h e re v isions to appen d i x Q up d ate an in d ustry reference

an d d o not c h ange t h e test met h o d or increase testing bur d en

. T h e only d ifference between t h e

two test proce d ures relates to t h e interference of testing instrumentation

. Specifically

, t h e input

power measurement of AN S I C 8 2.2

- 2002 re d uces t h e interference of instrumentation on t h e

input power measurement as compare d to AN S I C 8 2.2 - 1 9 8 4. T h e v ast ma j ority of companies

an d testing facilities , h owe v er

, alrea d y employ mo d ern instrumentation t h at d oes not

significantly interfere wit h input power measurements

. T h us

, up d ating t h is in d ustry reference

woul d not impose a dd itional financial bur d en in terms of labor or materials

. T h e propose d test

proce d ure in appen d i x Q1 imposes a minimal incremental bur d en compare d to t h e e x isting test

proce d ure an d in d ustry practices

. F or a 2- lamp ballast

, t h e new proce d ure re q uires a small

increase in t h e labor bur d en of 30 to 60 minutes an d a relati v ely small increase in materials costs

($1 000 to $ 2000 initial purc h ase price )

. F inally

, D OE estimates t h at t h e propose d certification

reporting re q uirements woul d a v erage 30 h ours per response

.

To analy z e t h e testing bur d en impacts d escribe d abo v e on small business manufacturers

,

D OE i d entifie d small business manufacturers of fluorescent lamp ballasts inclu d e d in t h e

79preliminary scope of co v erage consi d ere d in t h e fluorescent lamp ballast stan d ar d s rulema k ing as

d escribe d abo v e

. D OE soug h t to e x amine publically a v ailable financial d ata for t h ese companies

to compare re v enue an d profit to t h e anticipate d testing bur d en associate d wit h t h is propose d test

proce d ure

. D OE d etermine d t h at all t h e i d entifie d small business manufacturers were pri v ately

owne d

, an d as a result

, financial d ata was not publically a v ailable

. I nstea d

, D OE estimate d

testing bur d en for a small business wit h 0. 1 percent mar k et s h are of co v ere d fluorescent lamp

ballasts an d re v enue of appro x imately one million d ollars

. D OE assume d t h at t h is small

manufacturer woul d sell appro x imately 30 basic mo d els of a single ballast type

. B ase d on t h e

assumptions state d in t h e pre v ious paragrap h s

, D OE estimate d t h at t h e annual testing costs for

t h is small business woul d be about $1 0

, 000

, constituting 1 percent of annual re v enue

. I nclu d ing

t h e 30 h ours per response for certification reporting

, D OE belie v es t h is to be a small percentage

of re v enue an d not a significant impact

.

O n t h e basis of t h e foregoing

, D OE tentati v ely conclu d es an d certifies t h at t h is propose d

rule woul d not h a v e a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities

. A ccor d ingly

,

D OE h as not prepare d a regulatory fle x ibility analysis for t h is rulema k ing

. D OE will pro v i d e its

certification an d supporting statement of factual basis to t h e C h ief C ounsel for Adv ocacy of t h e

Small B usiness Ad ministration for re v iew un d er 5 U. S .C. 605 ( b )

.

D

. P aperwor k R e d uction A ct

T h is rule contains a collection

- of

- information re q uirement sub j ect to t h e P aperwork

R e d uction A ct ( PRA ) w h ic h h as been appro v e d by O M B un d er control number 1 9 1 0- 1 400.

P ublic reporting bur d en for compliance reporting for energy an d water conser v ation stan d ar d s is

estimate d to a v erage 30 h ours per response

, inclu d ing t h e time for re v iewing instructions

,

8 0searc h ing e x isting d ata sources

, gat h ering an d maintaining t h e d ata nee d e d

, an d completing an d

re v iewing t h e collection of information

. Sen d comments regar d ing t h is bur d en estimate

, or any

ot h er aspect of t h is d ata collection

, inclu d ing suggestions for re d ucing t h e bur d en

, to D OE ( see

ADDRESSES) an d by e

- mail to C h ristine J

. K ymn @ omb

. eop

. go v

.

N otwit h stan d ing any ot h er pro v ision of t h e law

, no person is re q uire d to respon d to

, nor

s h all any person be sub j ect to a penalty for failure to comply wit h, a collection of information

sub j ect to t h e re q uirements of t h e PRA

, unless t h at collection of information d isplays a currently

v ali d O M B C ontrol N umber

.

E. U nfun d e d Man d ates R eform A ct of 1 995

Title II of t h e U nfun d e d Man d ates R eform A ct of 1 995 ( U M RA ) ( P ub

. L. 1 04-4 ) re q uires

eac h F e d eral agency to assess t h e effects of F e d eral regulatory actions on State

, local

, an d Tribal

go v ernments an d t h e pri v ate sector

. F or propose d regulatory actions li k ely to result in a rule t h at

may cause e x pen d itures by State

, local

, an d Tribal go v ernments

, in t h e aggregate

, or by t h e

pri v ate sector of $1 00 million or more in any one year ( a d j uste d annually for inflation ), section

202 of U M RA re q uires a F e d eral agency to publis h estimates of t h e resulting costs

, benefits

, an d

ot h er effects on t h e national economy

. ( 2 U. S .C. 1 532 ( a ), ( b )) U M RA also re q uires F e d eral

agencies to d e v elop an effecti v e process to permit timely input by electe d officers of State

, local

,

an d Tribal go v ernments on a propose d " significant intergo v ernmental man d ate

. " I n a dd ition

,

U M RA re q uires an agency plan for gi v ing notice an d opportunity for timely input to small

go v ernments t h at may be affecte d before establis h ing a re q uirement t h at mig h t significantly or

uni q uely affect t h em

. O n Marc h 18, 1 997

, D OE publis h e d a statement of policy on its process

for intergo v ernmental consultation un d er U M RA. 62 FR 1 2 8 20. ( T h is policy is also a v ailable at

81h ttp : // www

. gc .d oe

. go v )

. To d ay ' s propose d rule contains neit h er an intergo v ernmental man d ate

,

nor a man d ate t h at may result in t h e e x pen d iture of $1 00 million or more in any year

, so t h ese

re q uirements d o not apply

.

F. Treasury an d G eneral G o v ernment A ppropriations A ct , 1 999

Section 654 of t h e Treasury an d G eneral G o v ernment A ppropriations A ct , 1 999

( P ub

. L. 1 05-277 ) re q uires F e d eral agencies to issue a F amily P olicyma k ing A ssessment for any

propose d rule t h at may affect family well

- being

. To d ay ' s propose d rule woul d not h a v e any

impact on t h e autonomy or integrity of t h e family as an institution

. A ccor d ingly

, D OE h as

conclu d e d t h at it is unnecessary to prepare a F amily P olicyma k ing A ssessment

.

G. E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 3 1 32

E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 3 1 32 , " F e d eralism ," 64 FR 43255 ( A ugust 4 , 1 999 ) imposes certain

re q uirements on agencies formulating an d implementing policies or regulations t h at preempt

State law or t h at h a v e F e d eralism implications

. T h e E x ecuti v e O r d er re q uires agencies to

e x amine t h e constitutional an d statutory aut h ority supporting any action t h at woul d limit t h e

policyma k ing d iscretion of t h e States an d to carefully assess t h e necessity for suc h actions

. T h e

E x ecuti v e O r d er also re q uires agencies to h a v e an accountable process to ensure meaningful an d

timely input by State an d local officials in t h e d e v elopment of regulatory policies t h at h a v e

F e d eralism implications

. O n Marc h 1 4

, 2000

, D OE publis h e d a statement of policy d escribing

t h e intergo v ernmental consultation process it will follow in t h e d e v elopment of suc h regulations

.

65 FR 1 3735. D OE h as e x amine d t h is propose d rule an d h as d etermine d t h at it woul d not h a v e a

substantial d irect effect on t h e States

, on t h e relations h ip between t h e national go v ernment an d

t h e States

, or on t h e d istribution of power an d responsibilities among t h e v arious le v els of

8 2go v ernment

. EPCA go v erns an d prescribes F e d eral preemption of State regulations as to energy

conser v ation for t h e pro d ucts t h at are t h e sub j ect of to d ay ' s propose d rule

. States can petition

D OE for e x emption from suc h preemption to t h e e x tent

, an d base d on criteria

, set fort h in EPCA.

( 42 U. S .C. 6297 ( d )) N o furt h er action is re q uire d by E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 3 1 32.

H. E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 29 88

W it h respect to t h e re v iew of e x isting regulations an d t h e promulgation of new

regulations

, section 3 ( a ) of E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 29 88, " C i v il J ustice R eform ," 6 1 FR 4729 ( F eb

. 7

,

1 996 ), imposes on F e d eral agencies t h e general d uty to a d h ere to t h e following re q uirements : (1)

E liminate d rafting errors an d ambiguity ; ( 2 ) write regulations to minimi z e litigation ; ( 3 ) pro v i d e

a clear legal stan d ar d for affecte d con d uct rat h er t h an a general stan d ar d ; an d ( 4 ) promote

simplification an d bur d en re d uction

. Section 3 ( b ) of E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 29 88 specifically re q uires

t h at E x ecuti v e agencies ma k e e v ery reasonable effort to ensure t h at t h e regulation : (1) C learly

specifies t h e preempti v e effect

, if any ; ( 2 ) clearly specifies any effect on e x isting F e d eral law or

regulation ; ( 3 ) pro v i d es a clear legal stan d ar d for affecte d con d uct w h ile promoting

simplification an d bur d en re d uction ; ( 4 ) specifies t h e retroacti v e effect

, if any ; ( 5 ) a d e q uately

d efines k ey terms ; an d ( 6 ) a dd resses ot h er important issues affecting clarity an d general

d raftsmans h ip un d er any gui d elines issue d by t h e A ttorney G eneral

. Section 3 ( c ) of E x ecuti v e

O r d er 1 29 88 re q uires E x ecuti v e agencies to re v iew regulations in lig h t of applicable stan d ar d s in

sections 3 ( a ) an d 3 ( b ) to d etermine w h et h er t h ey are met or it is unreasonable to meet one or

more of t h em

. D OE h as complete d t h e re q uire d re v iew an d d etermine d t h at

, to t h e e x tent

permitte d by law

, t h e propose d rule meets t h e rele v ant stan d ar d s of E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 29 88

.

8 3I. Treasury an d G eneral G o v ernment A ppropriations A ct

, 200 1

Section 5 1 5 of t h e Treasury an d G eneral G o v ernment A ppropriations A ct

, 200 1 ( P ub

. L.

1 06-554 ; 44 U. S .C. 35 1 6 note ) pro v i d es for agencies to re v iew most d isseminations of

information to t h e public un d er gui d elines establis h e d by eac h agency pursuant to general

gui d elines issue d by O M B. O M B ' s gui d elines were publis h e d at 67 FR 8 452 ( F eb

. 22

, 2002 ),

an d D OE ' s gui d elines were publis h e d at 67 FR 62446 ( O ct

. 7

, 2002 )

. D OE h as re v iewe d to d ay ' s

propose d rule un d er t h e O M B an d D OE gui d elines an d h as conclu d e d t h at it is consistent wit h

applicable policies in t h ose gui d elines

.

J

. E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 32 11

E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 32 11, " A ctions C oncerning R egulations T h at Significantly A ffect

E nergy Supply

, Distribution

, or U se ," 66 FR 2 8 355 ( May 22

, 200 1), re q uires F e d eral agencies to

prepare an d submit to O M B

, a Statement of E nergy E ffects for any propose d significant energy

action

. A " significant energy action " is d efine d as any action by an agency t h at promulgate d or is

e x pecte d to lea d to promulgation of a final rule

, an d t h at : (1) I s a significant regulatory action

un d er E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 2 8 66

, or any successor or d er ; an d ( 2 ) is li k ely to h a v e a significant

a dv erse effect on t h e supply

, d istribution

, or use of energy ; or ( 3 ) is d esignate d by t h e

Ad ministrator of OIRA as a significant energy action

. F or any propose d significant energy

action

, t h e agency must gi v e a d etaile d statement of any a dv erse effects on energy supply

,

d istribution

, or use s h oul d t h e proposal be implemente d

, an d of reasonable alternati v es to t h e

action an d t h eir e x pecte d benefits on energy supply

, d istribution

, an d use

. To d ay ' s regulatory

action to amen d t h e test proce d ure for measuring t h e energy efficiency of fluorescent lamp

ballasts is not a significant regulatory action un d er E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 2 8 66. Moreo v er

, it woul d

not h a v e a significant a dv erse effect on t h e supply

, d istribution

, or use of energy

, nor h as it been

8 4d esignate d as a significant energy action by t h e Ad ministrator of OIRA. T h erefore

, it is not a

significant energy action

, an d

, accor d ingly

, D OE h as not prepare d a Statement of E nergy E ffects

.

K

. E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 2630

P ursuant to E x ecuti v e O r d er 1 2630 , " G o v ernmental A ctions an d I nterference wit h

C onstitutionally P rotecte d P roperty R ig h ts ," 53 FR 88 59 ( Marc h 1 5 , 1 9 88), D OE h as d etermine d

t h at t h is rule woul d not result in any ta k ings t h at mig h t re q uire compensation un d er t h e F ift h

A men d ment to t h e U nite d States C onstitution

.

L. Section 32 of t h e F e d eral E nergy Ad ministration A ct of 1 974

U n d er section 30 1 of t h e Department of E nergy O rgani z ation A ct ( P ub

. L. 95

- 9 1; 42

U. S .C. 7 1 0 1), D OE must comply wit h section 32 of t h e F e d eral E nergy Ad ministration A ct of

1 974

, as amen d e d by t h e F e d eral E nergy Ad ministration A ut h ori z ation A ct of 1 977. (1 5 U. S .C.

7 88; FEAA ) Section 32 essentially pro v i d es in rele v ant part t h at

, w h ere a propose d rule

aut h ori z es or re q uires use of commercial stan d ar d s

, t h e notice of propose d rulema k ing must

inform t h e public of t h e use an d bac k groun d of suc h stan d ar d s

. I n a dd ition

, section 32 ( c ) re q uires

D OE to consult wit h t h e A ttorney G eneral an d t h e C h airman of t h e F e d eral Tra d e C ommission

( F T C ) concerning t h e impact of t h e commercial or in d ustry stan d ar d s on competition

. T h e

propose d rule incorporates testing met h o d s containe d in t h e following commercial stan d ar d s :

AN S I C 8 2.2-2002

, Met h o d of Measurement of F luorescent L amp B allasts

. Wh ile to d ay ' s

propose d test proce d ure is not e x clusi v ely base d on AN S I C 8 2.2-2002

, one component of t h e test

proce d ure

, namely measurement of ballast factor

, a d opts a measurement tec h ni q ue from AN S I

C 8 2.2-2002 wit h out amen d ment

. T h e Department h as e v aluate d t h ese stan d ar d s an d is unable to

conclu d e w h et h er t h ey fully comply wit h t h e re q uirements of section 32 ( b ) of t h e FEAA , ( i

. e

. ,

8 5t h at t h ey were d e v elope d in a manner t h at fully pro v i d es for public participation

, comment

, an d

re v iew )

. D OE will consult wit h t h e A ttorney G eneral an d t h e C h airman of t h e F T C concerning

t h e impact of t h ese test proce d ures on competition

, prior to prescribing a final rule

.

V

. Public Participation

A. A tten d ance at P ublic Meeting

T h e time

, d ate an d location of t h e public meeting are liste d in t h e DATES an d

ADDRESSES sections at t h e beginning of t h is NOPR. To atten d t h e public meeting

, please

notify Ms

. B ren d a Ed war d s at ( 202 ) 5 8 6-2945. A s e x plaine d in t h e ADDRESSES section

,

foreign nationals v isiting D OE h ea d q uarters are sub j ect to a dv ance security screening

proce d ures

.

B. P roce d ure for Submitting R e q uests to Spea k

A ny person w h o h as an interest in t h e topics a dd resse d in t h is notice

, or w h o is a

representati v e of a group or class of persons t h ath as an interest in t h ese issues

, may re q uest an

opportunity to ma k e an oral presentation at t h e public meeting

. Suc h persons may h an d-d eli v er

re q uests to spea k to t h e a dd ress s h own in t h e ADDRESSES section at t h e beginning of t h is

notice between 9:00 a

. m

. an d 4:00 p

. m

. , Mon d ay t h roug h F ri d ay

, e x cept F e d eral h oli d ays

.

R e q uests may also be sent by mail or email to : Ms

. B ren d a Ed war d s

, U. S

. Department of

E nergy

, B uil d ing Tec h nologies P rogram

, Mailstop EE-2 J, 1 000 I n d epen d ence Av enue

, S W

. ,

W as h ington

, D C 205 8 5-0 1 2 1, or B ren d a .Ed war d s @ ee .d oe

. go v

. P ersons w h o wis h to spea k

s h oul d inclu d e in t h eir re q uest a computer d is k ette or C D in W or dP erfect

, Microsoft W or d

, P D F

,

or te x t ( A S CII ) file format t h at briefly d escribes t h e nature of t h eir interest in t h is rulema k ing

8 6an d t h e topics t h ey wis h to d iscuss

. Suc h persons s h oul d also pro v i d e a d aytime telep h one

number w h ere t h ey can be reac h e d.

D OE re q uests t h at t h ose persons w h o are sc h e d ule d to spea k submit a copy of t h eir

statements at least one wee k prior to t h e public meeting

. D OE may permit any person w h o

cannot supply an a dv ance copy of t h is statement to participate

, if t h at person h as ma d e

alternati v e arrangements wit h t h e B uil d ing Tec h nologies P rogram in a dv ance

. Wh en necessary

,

t h e re q uest to gi v e an oral presentation s h oul d as k for suc h alternati v e arrangements

.

C. C on d uct of P ublic Meeting

D OE will d esignate a D OE official to presi d e at t h e public meeting an d may also employ

a professional facilitator to ai d d iscussion

. T h e public meeting will be con d ucte d in an informal

,

conference style

. T h e meeting will not be a j u d icial or e v i d entiary public h earing

, but D OE will

con d uct it in accor d ance wit h section 336 of EPCA ( 42 U. S .C. 6306 )

. T h ere s h all not be

d iscussion of proprietary information

, costs or prices

, mar k et s h are

, or ot h er commercial matters

regulate d by U. S

. anti

- trust laws

.

D OE reser v es t h e rig h t to sc h e d ule t h e or d er of presentations an d to establis h t h e

proce d ures go v erning t h e con d uct of t h e public meeting

. A court reporter will recor d t h e

procee d ings an d prepare a transcript

.

A t t h e public meeting

, D OE will present summaries of comments recei v e d before t h e

public meeting

, allow time for presentations by participants

, an d encourage all intereste d parties

to s h are t h eir v iews on issues affecting t h is rulema k ing

. E ac h participant may present a prepare d

8 7general statement ( wit h in time limits d etermine d by D OE ) before t h e d iscussion of specific

topics

. O t h er participants may comment briefly on any general statements

. A t t h e en d of t h e

prepare d statements on eac h specific topic

, participants may clarify t h eir statements briefly an d

comment on statements ma d e by ot h ers

. P articipants s h oul d be prepare d to answer q uestions

from D OE an d ot h er participants

. D OE representati v es may also as k q uestions about ot h er

matters rele v ant to t h is rulema k ing

. T h e official con d ucting t h e public meeting will accept

a dd itional comments or q uestions from t h ose atten d ing

, as time permits

. T h e presi d ing official

will announce any furt h er proce d ural rules or mo d ification of proce d ures nee d e d for t h e proper

con d uct of t h e public meeting

.

D OE will ma k e t h e entire recor d of t h is propose d rulema k ing

, inclu d ing t h e transcript

from t h e public meeting

, a v ailable for inspection at t h e U. S

. Department of E nergy

, 6 t h F loor

,

950 L ' E nfant P la z a

, S W

. , W as h ington

, D C 20024 , ( 202 ) 5 8 6

- 2945

, between 9:00 a

. m

. an d 4:00

p

. m

. , Mon d ay t h roug h F ri d ay

, e x cept F e d eral h oli d ays

. T h e official transcript will also be poste d

on t h e W ebpage at h ttp : // www 1

. eere

. energy

. go v / buil d ings / appliance stan d ar d s / resi d ential /

fluorescent lamp ballasts

. h tml

.

D

. Submission of C omments

D OE will accept comments

, d ata

, an d information regar d ing t h e propose d rule no later

t h an t h e d ate pro v i d e d at t h e beginning of t h is notice

. C omments

, d ata

, an d information

submitte d to D OE ' s e

- mail a dd ress for t h is rulema k ing s h oul d be pro v i d e d in W or dP erfect

,

Microsoft W or d

, P D F

, or te x t ( A S CII ) file format

. Sta k e h ol d ers s h oul d a v oi d t h e use of special

c h aracters or any form of encryption

, an d w h ere v er possible

, comments s h oul d inclu d e t h e

electronic signature of t h e aut h or

. C omments

, d ata

, an d information submitte d to D OE v ia mail

88or h an d d eli v ery / courier s h oul d inclu d e one signe d paper original

. N o telefacsimiles ( fa x es ) will

be accepte d.

A ccor d ing to 1 0 CFR 1 004. 11, any person submitting information t h at h e or s h e belie v es

to be confi d ential an d e x empt by law from public d isclosure s h oul d submit two copies : one copy

of t h e d ocument inclu d ing all t h e information belie v e d to be confi d ential

, an d one copy of t h e

d ocument wit h t h e information belie v e d to be confi d ential d elete d. D OE will ma k e its own

d etermination as to t h e confi d ential status of t h e information an d treat it accor d ing to its

d etermination

.

F actors of interest to D OE w h en e v aluating re q uests to treat submitte d information as

confi d ential inclu d e : (1) A d escription of t h e items ; ( 2 ) w h et h er an d w h y suc h items are

customarily treate d as confi d ential wit h in t h e in d ustry ; ( 3 ) w h et h er t h e information is generally

k nown by or a v ailable from ot h er sources ; ( 4 ) w h et h er t h e information h as pre v iously been ma d e

a v ailable to ot h ers wit h out obligation concerning its confi d entiality ; ( 5 ) an e x planation of t h e

competiti v e in j ury to t h e submitting person w h ic h woul d result from public d isclosure ; ( 6 ) a d ate

upon w h ic h suc h information mig h t lose its confi d ential nature d ue to t h e passage of time ; an d

( 7 ) w h y d isclosure of t h e information woul d be contrary to t h e public interest

.

E. I ssues on Wh ic h D OE See k s C omment

A lt h oug h comments are welcome on all aspects of t h is rulema k ing

, D OE is particularly

intereste d in recei v ing comments an d v iews of intereste d parties concerning t h e following issues :

1

. A ll A spects of t h e E x isting Test P roce d ure for A cti v e Mo d e E nergy C onsumption

8 9D OE in v ites comment on all aspects of t h e e x isting test proce d ure for fluorescent lamp

ballasts for acti v e mo d e energy consumption t h at appear at 1 0 CFR part 430

, subpart B

,

appen d i x Q (" U niform Test Met h o d for Measuring t h e E nergy C onsumption of F luorescent

L amp B allasts ")

.

2. A ppropriate U sage of AN S I Stan d ar d s

D OE see k s comment on t h e appropriate use of AN S I C 8 2.2-2002

, AN S I C 8 2. 11

C onsoli d ate d-2002

, an d AN S I C 8 2. 1 -2004. See section III.E.3 for furt h er d etail

.

3. Met h o d of Measurement for Dimming B allasts

D OE see k s comment on potential met h o d s of measurement to d etermine t h e efficiency of

d imming ballasts if D OE d eci d es to inclu d e t h em in t h e scope of energy conser v ation stan d ar d s

.

See section III.F.2 for furt h er d etail

.

4.R esistor

- base d B allast E fficiency Test Met h o d

D OE see k s comment on t h e effecti v eness of t h e propose d resistor

- base d BE test met h o d

an d its e x pecte d impro v ement in measurement v ariation

. See section III.E. 1 for furt h er d etails

.

5. A lternati v e A pproac h es to A men d ing t h e Test P roce d ure

D OE see k s comment from intereste d parties w h o d o not support t h e propose d resistor

base d ballast efficiency met h o d on t h e lamp

- base d BE met h o d an d t h e lig h t

- output

- base d an d

R S E test proce d ures ( see sections III.E.2

, III.E.3

, an d III.E.4 for furt h er d etail ), or any ot h er

proce d ure t h ey belie v e is appropriate

.

906. B allasts t h at d o not O perate R esistors

D OE see k s comment on w h y some ballasts d o not operate w h en connecte d to a resistor

loa d ban k an d D OE ' s proposal to measure BEF d irectly ( as a lig h t output measurement ) for t h ese

ballasts

. D OE in v ites comment on ot h er approac h es to test t h ese ballasts

. See section III.F. 8 for

furt h er d etail

.

7.B allast F actor V ariation Due to V ariations in Measure d L amp P ower

D OE recogni z es t h at in or d er to correlate measure d BE to BEF using D OE ' s propose d

test proce d ure

, t h e BF of t h e test ballast must be d etermine d. D OE see k s comment on D OE ' s

approac h to use lig h t output

- base d measurement to d etermine ballast factor an d t h e resulting

v ariation in ballast factor d ue to lamp manufacturing v ariations

. D OE also re q uests comment on

impact of t h is v ariation in BF on t h e calculate d BEF ( accor d ing to t h e propose d test proce d ure )

.

See section III.F.3 for furt h er d etail

.

8

. B allast F actor B inning

D OE see k s comment on t h e effect of D OE ' s approac h of using a single resistor v alue for

measuring ballasts of all ballast factors ( for a particular ballast ) an d correlating measure d BE to

correlate d BEF using transfer e q uations specific to ballast factor bins

. See section III.F.5 for

furt h er d etail

.

9. Transfer E q uations

D OE see k s comment on t h e transfer e q uations d e v elope d to con v ert BE to BEF. See

section III.F.5 for furt h er d etail

.

9 11 0. Scaling Transfer E q uations

D OE see k s comment on t h e transfer e q uation scaling tec h ni q ues ( across number of lamps

operate d by a ballast

, starting met h o d

, ballast factor

, an d total rate d lamp power ) use d for

pro d uct classes in w h ic h t h ere was insufficient correlation in t h e test d ata to establis h a slope

.

See section III.F.6 for furt h er d etail

.

11 .B ur d en on Manufacturers an d Testing F acilities

D OE see k s comment on its assessment of t h e anticipate d bur d en impose d by t h e

propose d test met h o d. See section III.G for furt h er d etail

.

92V I. Approval of t h e Office of t h e Secretary

T h e Secretary of E nergy h as appro v e d publication of t h is propose d rule

.

List of Sub j ects in 1 0 CFR Part 430

Ad ministrati v e practice an d proce d ure

, C onfi d ential business information

, E nergy conser v ation

,

H ouse h ol d appliances

, I mports

, I ncorporation by reference

, I ntergo v ernmental relations

, Small

businesses

.

I ssue d in W as h ington

, D C on F ebruary 1 2

, 20 1 0.

C at h y Z oi

A ssistant Secretary

E nergy E fficiency an d R enewable E nergy

93F or t h e reasons state d in t h e preamble

, D OE is proposing to amen d P art 430 of C h apter II

of Title 1 0

, C o d e of F e d eral R egulations as set fort h below :

PART 430

- ENERGY CONSER V ATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS

1

. T h e aut h ority citation for P art 430 continues to rea d as follows :

Aut h ority : 42 U. S .C. 629 1 -6309 ; 2 8 U. S .C. 246 1 note

.

2. Section 430.3 is amen d e d by :

a

. R e v ising paragrap h s ( c )( 5 ), ( c )( 7 ) an d ( c )(11) by a dd ing at t h e en d of t h e paragrap h s

t h e wor d s " an d A ppen d i x Q1 of subpart B "

.

b

. R e d esignating paragrap h s ( c )(11) as ( c )(1 2 ); ( c )(1 2 ) as ( c )(1 5 ); an d ( c )(1 3 ) as ( c )(1 6 )

.

c

. Add ing new paragrap h s ( c )(11), ( c )(1 3 ) an d ( c )(1 4 )

.

T h ese re v isions an d a dd itions rea d as follows :

§ 430. 3 Materials incorporated by reference.

* * * * *

( c ) * * *

(11) AN S I C 8 2. 1 -2004

, R e v ision of AN S I C 8 2. 1

- 1 997 (" AN S I C 8 2. 1"), A merican N ational

Stan d ar d for L amp B allast

- L ine -F re q uency F luorescent L amp B allast

, appro v e d N o v ember 1 9

,

2004 ; IBR appro v e d for A ppen d i x Q of subpart B an d A ppen d i x Q1 of subpart B.

* * * * *

94(1 3 ) AN S I C 8 2. 11 -2002

, R e v ision of AN S I C 8 2. 11

- 1 993 (" AN S I C 8 2. 11"), A merican N ational

Stan d ar d for L amp B allasts

- H ig h

- fre q uency F luorescent L amp B allasts

, appro v e d J anuary 1 7

,

2002 ; IBR appro v e d for A ppen d i x Q of subpart B an d A ppen d i x Q1 of subpart B.

(1 4 ) AN S I C 8 2. 1 3-2002 (" AN S I C 8 2. 1 3 "), A merican N ational Stan d ar d for L amp B allasts

-

Definitions for F luorescent L amps an d B allasts

, appro v e d J uly 23

, 2002 ; IBR appro v e d for

A ppen d i x Q of subpart B an d A ppen d i x Q1 of subpart B.

* * * * *

3. Section 430.23 is amen d e d by re v ising paragrap h (q) to rea d as follows :

§ 430.23 Test procedures for t h e measurement of energy and water consumption.

* * * * *

(q) F luorescent � amp � allasts

. (1) T h e E stimate d A nnual E nergy C onsumption ( EAEC ) for

fluorescent lamp ballasts

, e x presse d in k ilowatt

- h ours per year

, s h all be t h e pro d uct of :

( i ) T h e input power in k ilowatts as d etermine d in accor d ance wit h section 3. 1 .3. 1 of

appen d i x Q to t h is subpart before t h e compliance d ate of t h e amen d e d stan d ar d s for fluorescent

lamp ballasts or section 7. 1 .2.2 of appen d i x Q1 to t h is subpart beginning on t h e compliance d ate

of t h e amen d e d stan d ar d s for fluorescent lamp ballasts ; an d

( ii ) T h e representati v e a v erage use cycle of 1, 000 h ours per year

, t h e resulting pro d uct

t h en being roun d e d off to t h e nearest k ilowatt

- h our per year

.

95( 2 ) B allast E fficacy F actor ( BEF ) s h all be as d etermine d in section 4.2 of appen d i x Q of

t h is subpart before t h e compliance d ate of t h e amen d e d stan d ar d s for fluorescent lamp ballasts or

section 8 .3 of appen d i x Q1 to t h is subpart beginning on t h e compliance d ate of t h e amen d e d

stan d ar d s for fluorescent lamp ballasts

.

( 3 ) T h e E stimate d A nnual O perating C ost ( EAOC ) for fluorescent lamp ballasts

,

e x presse d in d ollars per year

, s h all be t h e pro d uct of :

( i ) T h e representati v e a v erage unit energy cost of electricity in d ollars per k ilowatt

- h our

as pro v i d e d by t h e Secretary

,

( ii ) T h e representati v e a v erage use cycle of 1, 000 h ours per year

, an d

( iii ) T h e input power in k ilowatts as d etermine d in accor d ance wit h section 3. 1 .3. 1 of

appen d i x Q to t h is subpart before t h e compliance d ate of t h e amen d e d stan d ar d s for fluorescent

lamp ballasts or section 7. 1 .2.2 of appen d i x Q1 to t h is subpart beginning on t h e compliance d ate

of t h e amen d e d stan d ar d s for fluorescent lamp ballasts

, t h e resulting pro d uct t h en being roun d e d

off to t h e nearest d ollar per year

.

( 4 ) Stan d by power consumption of certain fluorescent lamp ballasts s h all be measure d in

accor d ance wit h section 3.2 of appen d i x Q to t h is subpart

.

* * * * *

4. A ppen d i x Q to Subpart B of P art 430 is amen d e d by :

a

. Add ing an intro d uctory paragrap h after t h e A ppen d i x h ea d ing

.

b

. R e v ising sections 1

. 1 5 , 1

. 1 6

, an d 1

. 1 7.

96* * � � � c

. R emo v ing section 2. 1, re d esignating section 2.2 as section 2

, an d re v ising re d esignate d

section 2.

d. R e d esignating sections 3. 1, 3.2

, 3.3

, 3.3. 1, 3.3.2

, 3.3.3

, 3.4

, 3.4. 1, an d 3.4.2 as sections

3. 1

. 1, 3. 1 .2

, 3. 1 .3

, 3. 1 .3. 1, 3. 1 .3.2

, 3. 1 .3.3

, 3. 1 .4

, 3. 1 .4. 1, an d 3. 1 .4.2

, respecti v ely

.

e

. R e v ising re d esignate d sections 3. 1

. 1, 3. 1 .2

, 3. 1 .3. 1, 3. 1 .3.2

, 3. 1 .3.3

, 3. 1 .4. 1, an d 3. 1 .4.2.

f

. R e d esignating sections 3.5

, 3.5. 1, 3.5.2

, 3.5.3

, 3.5.3. 1, 3.5.3.2

, 3.5.3.3

, an d 3.5.3.4 as

sections 3.2

, 3.2.2

, 3.2.3

, 3.2.4

, 3.2.4. 1, 3.2.4.2

, 3.2.4.3

, an d 3.2.4.4

, respecti v ely

.

g

. Add ing sections 3. 1 an d 3.2. 1

.

h

. R e v ising section 4..

T h ese re v isions an d a dd itions rea d as follows :

Appendi � � to Subpart B of Part 430

� Uniform Test Met h od for Measuring t h e Energy

Consumption of Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts

A ppen d i x Q is effecti v e until t h e compliance d ate of t h e amen d e d stan d ar d s for fluorescent lamp

ballasts

. A fter t h is d ate

, all fluorescent lamp ballasts s h all be teste d using t h e pro v isions of

A ppen d i x Q1 e x cept w h ere A ppen d i x Q1 specifies use A ppen d i x Q for testing certain ballasts

t h at d o not operate resistors

.

1

. Definitions.

* * *

971

. 1 5 P ower F actor means t h e power input d i v i d e d by t h e pro d uct of ballast input v oltage an d

input current of a fluorescent lamp ballast

, as measure d un d er test con d itions specifie d in AN S I

C 8 2.2-2002 ( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 )

.

1

. 1 6 P ower input means t h e power consumption in watts of a ballast an fluorescent lamp or

lamps

, as d etermine d in accor d ance wit h t h e test proce d ures specifie d in AN S I C 8 2.2-2002

( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 )

.

1

. 1 7 R elati v e lig � t output means t h e lig h t output d eli v ere d t h roug h t h e use of a ballast d i v i d e d by

t h e lig h t output of a reference ballast

, e x presse d as a percent

, as d etermine d in accor d ance wit h

t h e test proce d ures specifie d in AN S I C 8 2.2-2002 ( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 )

.

* * * * *

2. Test C on d itions

. T h e measurement of stan d by mo d e power nee d not be performe d to

d etermine compliance wit h energy conserv ation stan d ar d s for fluorescent lamp ballasts at t h is

time

. T h e abo v e statement will be remo v e d as part of a rulema k ing to amen d t h e energy

conser v ation stan d ar d s for fluorescent lamp ballasts to account for stan d by mo d e energy

consumption

, an d t h e following s h all apply on t h e compliance d ate for suc h re q uirements

. T h e

test con d itions for testing fluorescent lamp ballasts s h all be d one in accor d ance wit h AN S I

C 8 2.2

- 2002 ( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 )

. A ny subse q uent amen d ment to t h is

stan d ar d by t h e stan d ar d setting organi z ation will not affect t h e D OE test proce d ures unless an d

until amen d e d by D OE. T h e test con d itions for measuring acti v e mo d e energy consumption are

d escribe d in sections 4

, 5

, an d 6 of AN S I C 8 2.2-2002. T h e test con d itions for measuring stan d by

power are d escribe d in sections 5

, 7

, an d 8 of AN S I C 8 2.2

- 2002. F luorescent lamp ballasts t h at

are capable of connections to control d e v ices s h all be teste d wit h all commercially a v ailable

compatible control d e v ices connecte d in all possible configurations

. F or eac h configuration

, a

9 8separate measurement of stan d by power s h all be ma d e in accor d ance wit h section 4 of t h e test

proce d ure

.

3. * * *

3. 1 A cti v e Mo d e E nergy E fficiency Measurement

3. 1

. 1 T h e test met h o d for testing t h e acti v e mo d e energy efficiency of fluorescent lamp ballasts

s h all be d one in accor d ance wit h AN S I C 8 2.2

- 2002 ( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 )

.

Wh ere AN S I C 8 2.2-2002 references AN S I C 8 2. 1

- 1 997

, t h e operator s h all use AN S I C 8 2. 1

( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 ) for testing low

- fre q uency ballasts an d AN S I C 8 2. 11

( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 ) for h ig h

- fre q uency ballasts

.

3. 1 .2 � nstrumentation

. T h e instrumentation s h all be as specifie d by sections 5

, 7 , 8, an d 1 5 of

AN S I C 8 2.2-2002 ( incorporate d by reference ; see �430.3 )

.

3. 1 .3 * * *

3. 1 .3. 1 � nput P ower

. Measure t h e input power ( watts ) to t h e ballast in accor d ance wit h AN S I

C 8 2.2-2002 ( incorporate d by reference ; see �430.3 ), section 4.

3. 1 .3.2 � nput � oltage. Measure t h e input v oltage ( v olts ) ( R MS ) to t h e ballast in accor d ance wit h

AN S I C 8 2.2-2002 ( incorporate d by reference ; see �430.3 ), section 3.2. 1 an d section 4.

3. 1 .3.3 � nput C urrent. Measure t h e input current ( amps ) ( R MS ) to t h e ballast in accor d ance wit h

AN S I C 8 2.2-2002 ( incorporate d by reference ; see �430.3 ), section 3.2. 1 an d section 4.

3. 1 .4 * * *

3. 1 .4. 1 Measure t h e lig h t output of t h e reference lamp wit h t h e reference ballast in accor d ance

wit h AN S I C 8 2.2-2002 ( incorporate d by reference ; see �430.3 ), section 1 2.

993. 1 .4.2 Measure t h e lig h t output of t h e reference lamp wit h t h e test ballast in accor d ance wit h

AN S I C 8 2.2-2002 ( incorporate d by reference ; see �430.3 ), section 1 2.

3.2. * * *

3.2. 1 T h e test for measuring stan d by mo d e energy consumption of fluorescent lamp ballasts

s h all be d one in accor d ance wit h AN S I C 8 2.2

- 2002 ( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 )

.

* * * * *

4. C alculations

.

4. 1 C alculate relati v e lig h t output :

Wh ere :

p h otocell output of lamp on test ballast is d etermine d in accor d ance wit h section 3. 1 .4.2

,

e x presse d in watts

, an d p h otocell output of lamp on ref

. ballast is d etermine d in accor d ance wit h

section 3. 1 .4. 1, e x presse d in watts

.

4.2. Determine t h e B allast E fficacy F actor ( BEF ) using t h e following e q uations :

( a ) Single lamp ballast

( b ) Multiple lamp ballast

1 00Wh ere :

I nput power is d etermine d in accor d ance wit h section 3. 1 .3. 1,

relati v e lig h t output as d efine d in section 4. 1, an d

a v erage relati v e lig h t output is t h e relati v e lig h t output

, as d efine d in section 4. 1, for all lamps

,

d i v i d e d by t h e total number of lamps

.

4.3 Determine B allast P ower F actor ( PF ) :

Wh ere :

I nput power is as d efine d in section 3. 1 .3. 1,

I nput v oltage is d etermine d in accor d ance wit h section 3. 1 .3.2

, e x presse d in v olts

, an d

I nput current is d etermine d in accor d ance wit h section 3. 1 .3.3

, e x presse d in amps

.

5. A ppen d i x Q1 is a dd e d to Subpart B of P art 430 to rea d as follows :

Appendi � �1 to Subpart B of Part 430

- Uniform Test Met h od for Measuring t h e Energy

Consumption of Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts

A ppen d i x Q1 is effecti v e on t h e compliance d ate of t h e amen d e d stan d ar d s for fluorescent lamp

ballasts

. P rior to t h is d ate

, all fluorescent lamp ballasts s h all be teste d using t h e pro v isions of

A ppen d i x Q

.

1

. I f t h e operator d etermines t h at a ballast d oes not operate a resistor loa d ban k

, t h en t h e

operator s h oul d use t h e test proce d ure d escribe d in A ppen d i x Q to Subpart B of P art 430. To

d etermine t h at a ballast d oes not operate a resistor loa d ban k

, t h e input power

, v oltage

, or

1 0 1current to t h e ballast s h oul d e q ual z ero w h en teste d in accor d ance wit h t h is A ppen d i x Q1 to

Subpart B of P art 430.

2. Wh ere AN S I C 8 2.2-2002 ( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 ) references AN S I C 8 2. 1

-

1 997

, t h e operator s h all use AN S I C 8 2. 1 ( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 ) for testing

low

- fre q uency ballasts an d s h all use AN S I C 8 2. 11 ( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 )

for h ig h

- fre q uency ballasts

.

3. Definitions

3. 1

. C ommercial ballast is a fluorescent lamp ballast t h at is not a resi d ential ballast as

d efine d in Section 3. 8 an d meets tec h nical stan d ar d s for non

- consumer RF lig h ting

d e v ices as specifie d in subpart C of 47 CFR part 18

.

3.2. E lectro d e � eating refers to power d eli v ere d to t h e lamp by t h e ballast for t h e purpose

of raising t h e temperature of t h e lamp electro d e or filament

. AN S I stan d ar d s generally

refer to t h is process as cat h o d e h eating

.

3.3. H ig

�-

fre�uency ballast is as d efine d in AN S I C 8 2. 1 3 ( incorporate d by reference ; see �

430.3 )

.

3.4. � nstant

- start is t h e starting met h o d use d instant

- start systems as d efine d in AN S I

C 8 2. 1 3 ( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 )

.

3.5. � ow

- fre�uency ballast is a fluorescent lamp ballast t h at operates at a supply fre q uency

of 50 to 60 H z an d operates t h e lamp at t h e same fre q uency as t h e supply

.

3.6. P rogramme d

- start is t h e starting met h o d use d in programme d start systems as d efine d

in AN S I C 8 2. 1 3 ( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 )

.

3.7. R api d

- start is t h e starting met h o d use d in rapi d- start type systems as d efine d in AN S I

C 8 2. 1 3 ( incorporate d by reference ; see � 430.3 )

.

1 023. 8

. R esi d ential ballast is a fluorescent lamp ballast d esigne d an d labele d for use in

resi d ential applications

. R esi d ential ballasts must meet t h e tec h nical stan d ar d s for

consumer RF lig h ting d e v ices as specifie d in subpart C of 47 CFR part 18

.

3.9. R esistor loa d ban k means a networ k of resistors use d to mo d el t h e loa d place d on a

fluorescent lamp ballast by a fluorescent lamp

.

3. 1 0. R MS is t h e root mean s q uare of a v arying q uantity

.

4. I nstruments

4. 1

. A ll instruments s h all be as specifie d by AN S I C 8 2.2-2002 ( incorporate d by reference ;

see � 430.3 )

.

4.2. P ower Analyzer. I n a dditio n to t h e sp e cific a tio n s i n A NSI C 8 2.2-2002 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y

re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ), t h e pow er analy z er s h all h a v e a m a x imum 1 00 pF c a p a cit an c e to

g r ou n d an d f re q u en c y re spo n s e b e tw een 40 H z an d 1 MH z

.

4.3. C u rren t Pr ob e. I n a dditio n to t h e sp e cific a tio n s i n A NSI C 8 2.2-2002 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y

re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ), t h e cu rren t p r ob e s h all b e g al v an ic ally iso la t e d an d h a v e

f re q u en c y re spo n s e b e tw een 40 H z an d 20 MH z

.

5. T e st S e tup

5. 1

. T h e b alla st s h all b e co nne ct e d to a m a i n pow er sou r c e an d to t h e re sisto r l o a d b an k

a cco r di n g to t h e m an uf a ctu rer ' s wi r i n g i n st r uctio n s. Wh ere t h e wi r i n g di a g ra m i n dic a t e s

co nne cti n g t h e b alla st lea d to a la mp

, t h e lea d s h ou l d b e co nne ct e d to a re sisto r l o a d

b an k.

1 035. 1

. 1

. Figu re s 1 an d 2 i ll ust ra t e t h e re sisto r l o a d b an k us e d to mod el o ne f l uo re sc en t

la mp. T h e fou r re sisto r s la b ele d a s R 1/ 2E re p re s en t t h e ele ct r od e s

, an d R

ar c re p re s en ts

t h e la mp ar c.

5. 1 .2. W i re len gt h s b e tw een t h e b alla st an d re sisto r l o a d b an k s h all b e t h e len gt h

p r ovid e d b y t h e b alla st m an uf a ctu rer

.

5.2. A b alla st s h all b e t e st e d usi n g o ne re sisto r l o a d b an k to simu la t e o ne la mp. A b alla st

s h all b e co nne ct e d to t h e n umb er of re sisto r l o a d b an ks e q u al to t h e m a x imum n umb er of

la mps a b alla st is d e sig ne d to op era t e

.

5.3. A b alla st d e sig ne d to op era t e a la mp a t h ig h -f re q u en c y ( a s d e fi ne d i n s e ctio n 3.3 ) s h all

us e a re sisto r wit h re sist an c e t h a t simu la t e s h ig h -f re q u en c y op era tio n

. A b alla st d e sig ne d

to op era t e a la mp a l ow-f re q u en c y ( a s d e fi ne d i n s e ctio n 3.5 ) s h all us e a re sisto r wit h

re sist an c e t h a t simu la t e s l ow-f re q u en c y op era tio n

.

5.4. A b alla st s h all b e t e st e d wit h a re sisto r l o a d b an k wit h t h e re sist an c e s i n dic a t e d i n T a b le

A

.

5.5. P ow er A naly z er

5.5. 1

. T h e pow er analy z er s h all h a v e n +1 c h annel s w h ere n is t h e n umb er of la mps a

b alla st op era t e s.

5.5.2. O utput V o l t a g e. L ea ds f r om t h e pow er analy z er s h ou l d a tt a c h to ea c h re sisto r l o a d

b an k a cco r di n g to Figu re 1 fo r ra pid- an d p r og ra mm e d-st ar t b alla sts an d Figu re 2

fo r i n st an t-st ar t b alla sts.

5.5.3. O utput C u rren t

. A cu rren t p r ob e s h all b e positio ne d o n ea c h re sisto r l o a d b an k

a cco r di n g to Figu re 1 fo r ra pid- an d p r og ra mm e d-st ar t b alla sts an d Figu re 2 fo r

i n st an t-st ar t b alla sts.

1 04Table A

- Simulated Lamp Resistor V alues

Ballast Type Nominal

Lamp

W attage Lamp

Diameter

and Base Low-Fre q uency

Operation Resistance

( O h ms ) Hig h -Fre q uency

Operation Resistance

( O h ms )

Electrode

( R lI 2E ) Lamp

Arc

( R

arc ) Electrode

( R lI 2E ) Lamp Arc

( R

arc )

B alla sts t h a t op era t e o ne

, two

,

t h ree

, fou r

, fiv e

, o r si x st ra ig h ts h a p e d la mps ( commo nly re f erre d

to a s 4-foot m e dium bipi n la mps )

wit h m e dium bipi n b a s e s

, a

n omi nal ov erall len gt h of 4 8

i n c h e s

, a ra t e d w a tt a g e of 25 W o r

mo re

, an d an i n put vo l t a g e a t o r

b e tw een 1 20 V an d 277 V 32 T 8 MB P 5.75 439 5.75 760

34 T 1 2 MB P 4. 8 1 5 1 4. 8 204

B alla sts t h a t op era t e o ne

, two

,

t h ree

, fou r

, fiv e

, o r si x U-s h a p e d

la mps ( commo nly re f erre d to a s

2-foot U-s h a p e d la mps ) wit h

m e dium bipi n b a s e s

, a n omi nal

ov erall len gt h b e tw een 22 an d 25

i n c h e s

, a ra t e d w a tt a g e of 25 W o r

mo re

, an d an i n put vo l t a g e a t o r

b e tw een 1 20 V an d 277 V 32 T 8 MB P 5.75 439 5.75 760

34 T 1 2 MB P 4. 8 1 5 1 4. 8 204

B alla sts t h a t op era t e o ne o r two

ra pid-st ar t la mps ( commo nly

re f erre d to a s 8 -foot h ig h output

la mps ) wit h re c e ss e d doub le

co n t a ct b a s e s

, a n omi nal ov erall

len gt h of 96 i n c h e s an d an i n put

vo l t a g e a t o r b e tw een 1 20 V an d

277 V 8 6 T 8 H O

RDC N / A N / A 4.75 53 8

95 T 1 2 H O

RDC 1 .6 1 3 1 1 .6 204

B alla sts t h a t op era t e o ne o r two

i n st an t-st ar t la mps ( commo nly

re f erre d to a s 8 -foot s l im l i ne

la mps ) wit h si n g le pi n b a s e s

, a

n omi nal ov erall len gt h of 96

i n c h e s

, a ra t e d w a tt a g e of 52 W o r

mo re

, an d an i n put vo l t a g e a t o r

b e tw een 1 20 V an d 277 V 59 T 8

s l im l i ne

S P N / A * 8 76 N / A * 1 256

60 T 1 2

s l im l i ne

S P N / A * 3 1 3 N / A * 43 1

B alla sts t h a t op era t e o ne o r two

st ra ig h t-s h a p e d la mps ( commo nly

re f erre d to a s 4-foot mi n i a tu re

bipi n st an d ar d output la mps ) wit h

mi n i a tu re bipi n b a s e s

, a n omi nal

len gt h b e tw een 45 an d 4 8 i n c h e s

,

a ra t e d w a tt a g e of 26 W o r mo re

,

an d an i n put vo l t a g e a t o r

b e tw een 1 20 V an d 277 V 2 8 T5 Mi n iB P N / A N / A 20 950

B alla sts t h a t op era t e o ne

, two

,

t h ree

, o r fou r st ra ig h t-s h a p e d

la mps ( commo nly re f erre d to a s 54 T5 Mi n iB P N / A N / A 4 255

1 054-foot mi n i a tu re bipi n h ig h output

la mps ) wit h mi n i a tu re bipi n

b a s e s

, a n omi nal len gt h b e tw een

45 an d 4 8 i n c h e s

, a ra t e d w a tt a g e

of 49 W o r mo re

, an d an i n put

vo l t a g e a t o r b e tw een 1 20 V an d

277 V

B alla sts t h a t op era t e o ne

, two

,

t h ree

, o r fou r st ra ig h t-s h a p e d

la mps ( commo nly re f erre d to a s

4-foot m e dium bipi n la mps ) wit h

m e dium bipi n b a s e s

, a n omi nal

ov erall len gt h of 4 8 i n c h e s

, a

ra t e d w a tt a g e of 25 W o r mo re

, an

i n

put vo l t a g e a t o r b e tw een 1 20 V

an d 277 V, a pow er f a cto r of le ss

t h an 0.90

, an d t h a t are d e sig ne d

an d la b ele d fo r us e i n re sid en ti al

a pp l ic a tio n s 32 T 8 MB P 5.75 439 5.75 760

34 T 1 2 MB P 4. 8 1 5 1 4. 8 204

B alla sts t h a t op era t e o ne

, two

,

t h ree

, fou r

, fiv e

, o r si x ra pid-st ar t

la mps ( commo nly re f erre d to a s

8 -foot h ig h output la mps ) wit h

re c e ss e d doub le co n t a ct b a s e s

, a

n omi nal ov erall len gt h of 96

i n c h e s

, an i n put vo l t a g e a t o r

b e tw een 1 20 V an d 277 V, an d t h a t

op era t e a t a mbi en t t e mp era tu re s

of 20 O F o r le ss an d are us e d i n

outdoo r sig n s 8 6 T 8 H O

RDC N / A N / A 4.75 53 8

11 0 T 1 2 H O

RDC 1 .6 1 66 1 .6 275

MB P

, Mi n i-B P

, RDC

, an d S P re p re s en t m e dium bipi n

, mi n i a tu re bipi n

, re c e ss e d doub le co n t a ct

, an d si n g le pi n

,

re sp e ctiv ely

. * T h e re sisto r l o a d b an k re p re s en ti n g 8 -foot s l im l i ne si n g le pi n ( S P ) la mps do e s n ot h a v e ele ct r od e re sisto r s.

1 06Figu re 1 Instrumentation Placement for Ballasts t h at Operate MBP

� RDC

� and MiniBP

Lamps

Figure 2 Instrumentation P lacement for Ballasts t h at Operate SP Lamps

6. T e st Co n ditio n s

6. 1

. T h e t e st co n ditio n s fo r t e sti n g f l uo re sc en t la mp b alla sts s h all b e do ne i n a cco r d an c e wit h

A

NSI C 8 2.2-2002 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 )

. D O E fu r t h er sp e cifi e s t h a t

1 07t h e fo ll owi n g re visio n s of t h e n o r m a tiv e re f eren c e s i n dic a t e d i n A NSI C 8 2.2-2002 )

s h ou l d b e us e d i n p la c e of t h e re f eren c e s di re ct ly sp e cifi e d i n A NSI C 8 2.2-2002� A NSI

C7 8

. 81 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ), A NSI C7 8 .90 1 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y

re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ), A NSI C 8 2. 1 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ), A NSI

C 8 2.3 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ), A NSI C 8 2. 11 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y

re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ), an d A NSI C 8 2. 1 3 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 )

. A ll

ot h er n o r m a tiv e re f eren c e s s h all b e a s sp e cifi e d i n A NSI C 8 2.2-2002.

6.2. T e mp era tu re St a bi l i za tio n. B alla sts s h all b e t h er m ally co n ditio ne d fo r a t lea st 4 h ou r s a t

r oom t e mp era tu re ( 25 ± 2 O C ), wit h n o r m al r oom o r la b v en ti la tio n

.

6.3. � n

put V o l t a g e. T h e di re ctio n s i n A NSI C 8 2.2-2002 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y re f eren c e ; s ee §

430.3 ) s e ctio n 4. 1 s h ou l d b e ig n o re d wit h t h e fo ll owi n g di re ctio n s fo r i n put vo l t a g e us e d

i n st ea d. Fo r comm er ci al b alla sts c a p a b le of op era ti n g a t mu l tip le vo l t a g e s

, t h e b alla st

s h all b e t e st e d 277 V ± 0. 1�

. Fo r b alla sts d e sig ne d an d la b ele d fo r re sid en ti al

a

pp l ic a tio n s an d c a p a b le o r op era ti n g a t mu l tip le vo l t a g e s

, t h e b alla st s h all b e t e st e d a t

1 20 V ± 0. 1�

.

6.4. Dut y C y c le. T h e dut y c y c le s h all b e n o mo re t h an 50 �

. Fo r e v ery op era tio nal mi n ut e

,

t h e re sisto r l o a d b an k s h all b e re st e d a t z er o pow er fo r a t lea st o ne mi n ut e

.

7. T e st M e t h od

7. 1

. � alla st E ffici en c y.

7. 1

. 1

. T h e b alla st s h all b e co nne ct e d t h e a pp r op r i a t e re sisto r l o a d b an k an d to

m ea su re m en t i n st r um en t a tio n a s i n dic a t e d b y t h e T e st S e tup i n s e ctio n 5.

1 0 87. 1 .2. T h e b alla st s h all b e op era t e d fo r o ne mi n ut e fo ll ow e d b y an i n st an t ane ous d a t a

c a ptu re of t h e p ara m e t er s d e sc r ib e d i n s e ctio n s 7. 1 .2. 1 t h r oug h 7. 1 .2.4.

7. 1 .2. 1

. O utput P ow er

. T h e pow er analy z er s h all c al cu la t e output pow er b y

c a ptu r i n g vo l t a g e a c r oss t h e ea c h la mp ar c re sisto r usi n g t h e s e tup d e sc r ib e d i n

5.5.2 an d cu rren t to t h e la mp a cco r di n g to t h e s e tup d e sc r ib e d i n 5.5.3 an d

summi n g t h e pow er fo r ea c h la mp.

7. 1 .2.2. � n

put P ow er

. M ea su re t h e i n put pow er ( w a tts ) to t h e b alla st i n a cco r d an c e

wit h A NSI C 8 2.2

- 2002 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ), s e ctio n 7.

7. 1 .2.3. � n

put V o l t a g e

. M ea su re t h e i n put vo l t a g e ( vo l ts ) ( RMS ) to t h e b alla st i n

a cco r d an c e wit h A NSI C 8 2.2

- 2002 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ),

s e ctio n 3.2. 1 an d s e ctio n 4.

7. 1 .2.4. � n

put C u rren t

. M ea su re t h e i n put cu rren t ( a mps ) ( RMS ) to t h e b alla st i n

a cco r d an c e wit h A NSI C 8 2.2

- 2002 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ),

s e ctio n 3.2. 1 an d s e ctio n 4.

7.2. � alla st F a cto r

.

7.2. 1

. A NSI C 8 2.2-2002 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ) s h all b e fu r t h er

sp e cifi e d fo r t h e pu r pos e of m ea su r i n g b alla st f a cto r b y t h e fo ll owi n g�

7.2. 1

. 1

. T h e re f eren c e la mp s h all b e op era t e d a t t h e sp e cifi e d i n put vo l t a g e to t h e

re f eren c e ci r cuit.

7.2. 1 .2. E le ct r od e h ea ti n g s h all b e us e d i n t h e re f eren c e ci r cuit fo r all b alla sts t h a t

op era t e bipi n ( MB P

, mi n i-B P ) o r re c e ss e d doub le co n t a ct ( RDC ) la mps a s

i n dic a t e d i n T a b le A

. E le ct r od e h ea ti n g s h all n ot b e us e d i n t h e re f eren c e

ci r cuit fo r si n g le pi n la mps.

1 097.2. 1 .3. Lig h t output m ea su re m en ts s h all b e us e d fo r all b alla sts

, i n c l udi n g i n st an tst ar t b alla sts. P ow er m ea su re m en ts s h all n ot b e us e d.

7.2.2. M ea su re t h e l ig h t output of t h e re f eren c e la mp wit h t h e re f eren c e b alla st i n

a cco r d an c e wit h A NSI C 8 2.2-2002 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ), s e ctio n

1 2

, usi n g s e ctio n 7.2. 1 to fu r t h er sp e cif y A NSI C 8 2.2-2002. T h e re f eren c e la mp

s h all h a v e t h e n omi nal w a tt a g e co rre spo n di n g to t h e t e st b alla st a s i n dic a t e d i n

T a b le A

.

7.2.3. M ea su re t h e l ig h t output of t h e re f eren c e la mp wit h t h e t e st b alla st i n a cco r d an c e

wit h A NSI C 8 2.2-2002 ( i n co r po ra t e d b y re f eren c e ; s ee § 430.3 ), s e ctio n 1 2

, usi n g

s e ctio n 7.2. 1 to fu r t h er sp e cif y A NSI C 8 2.2-2002 T h e re f eren c e la mp s h all h a v e t h e

n omi nal w a tt a g e co rre spo n di n g to t h e t e st b alla st a s i n dic a t e d i n T a b le A

.

8

. C al cu la tio n s

8

. 1

. C al cu la t e b alla st f a cto r ( BF ) �

P h otoc ell output of la mp o n t e st b alla st B alla st F a cto r = x 1 00

P h otoc ell output of la mp o n re f eren c e b alla st

Wh ere � p h otoc ell output of la mp o n t e st b alla st is d e t er mi ne d i n a cco r d an c e wit h s e ctio n

7.2.2

, e x p re ss e d i n w a tts

, an d p h otoc ell output of la mp o n re f eren c e b alla st is d e t er mi ne d

i n a cco r d an c e wit h s e ctio n 7.2.3

, e x p re ss e d i n w a tts.

8 .2. C al cu la t e b alla st e ffici en c y ( BE )

.

8 .3. C al cu la t e b alla st e ffic a c y f a cto r ( BEF )

. Mu l tip ly BE b y t h e a pp r op r i a t e co n v er sio n

f a cto r i n T a b le B. BEF = co n v er sio n f a cto r x BE

Table B

- Conversion Factor

� BE to BEF

Ballast

and Lamp Starting

Met h od Ballast

Factor Number of Lamps

11 0Type O ne Two T h ree Fou r Fiv e Si x

Fou r -Foot

MB P

, an d

Two-Foot

U-S h a p e d IS an d

RS ( n ot

P S ) Hig h 3.233 1 .624 1 .0 81 0. 81 2 0.650 0.542

No r m al 3.37 8 1 .697 1

. 1 29 0. 8 49 0.679 0.566

Low 3.430 1 .723 1

. 1 47 0. 8 62 0.690 0.575

P S Hig h 3.204 1 .6 1 0 1 .07 1 0. 8 0 8 0.644 0.537

No r m al 3.34 8 1 .6 8 2 1

. 11 9 0. 8 44 0.673 0.56 1

Low 3.400 1 .70 8 1

. 1 37 0. 8 57 0.6 8 4 0.570

Fou r -Foot

T5

Mi n iB P

S O A ll Hig h 2.9 1 0 1 .5 8 4

-- - -- - -- - -- -

No r m al 3.04 1 1 .655

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Low 3.0 88 1 .6 8 0

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Fou r -Foot

T5

Mi n iB P

H O A ll A ll 1 .703 0.927 0.649 0.504

-- - -- -

Eig h t-Foot

S P

S l im l i ne A ll Hig h 1 .653 0. 8 4 1

-- - -- - -- - -- -

No r m al 1 .727 0. 8 7 8

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Low 1 .754 0. 8 92

-- - -- - -- - -- -

Eig h t-Foot

RDC H O IS an d

RS ( n ot

P S ) A ll 1

. 1 2 8 0.6 1 4

-- - -- - -- - -- -

P S A ll 1

. 1 3 8 0.6 1 9

-- - -- - -- - -- -

R e sid en ti al

B alla st

, Fou r -Foot

MB P

, an d

Two-Foot

U-S h a p e d IS an d

RS ( n ot

P S ) A ll 3.357 1 .6 8 6 1

. 1 22 0. 8 53

-- - -- -

P S A ll 3.32 8 1 .67 1 1

. 11 3 0. 8 46

-- - -- -

Sig n

B alla st A ll A ll 0. 888 0.4 8 3 0.33 8 0.263 0.2 1 6 0. 18 4

* IS = I n st an t-st ar t ; RS = R a pid-st ar t ; P S = P r og ra mm e d-st ar t

** Hig h b alla st f a cto r � BF � 1

. 1 0 ; No r m al b alla st f a cto r � 0.7 8 � BF �1

. 1 0 ; Low b alla st f a cto r � BF � 0.7 8

.

8 .4. C al cu la t e P ow er F a cto r ( P F )

.

I n put P ow er P ow er F a cto r = I n put V o l t a g e x I n put Cu rren t

Wh ere � i n put pow er is d e t er mi ne d i n a cco r d an c e wit h s e ctio n 7. 1 .2.2

, i n put vo l t a g e is

d e t er mi ne d i n a cco r d an c e wit h s e ctio n 7. 1 .2.2 an d i n put cu rren t i n d e t er mi ne d i n

a cco r d an c e wit h s e ctio n 7. 1 .2.3

1116. S e ctio n 430.62 is a m en d e d b y re visi n g p ara g ra p h ( a )(1), an d a ddi n g ne w p ara g ra p h s

( a )( 4 )(xx v ) an d ( a )( 6 ) to rea d a s fo ll ows�

§ 430.62 Submission of data.

( a )(1) E x c e pt a s p r ovid e d i n p ara g ra p h ( a )( 2 ) an d ( a )( 6 ) of t h is s e ctio n

, ea c h m an uf a ctu rer o r

p r iv a t e la b eler b e fo re dist r ibuti n g i n comm er c e any b a sic mod el of a cov ere d p r oduct sub j e ct to

t h e a pp l ic a b le ener g y co n s er v a tio n st an d ar d o r w a t er co n s er v a tio n st an d ar d ( i n t h e c a s e of

f a

uc e ts

, s h ow er h ea ds

, w a t er c l os e ts

, an d u r i nal s ) s e t fo r t h i n subp ar t C of t h is p ar t s h all c er tif y b y

m ean s of a comp l i an c e st a t e m en t an d a c er tific a tio n re po r t t h a t ea c h b a sic mod el ( s ) m ee ts t h e

a

pp l ic a b le ener g y co n s er v a tio n st an d ar d o r w a t er co n s er v a tio n st an d ar d ( i n t h e c a s e of f a

uc e ts

,

s h ow er h ea ds

, w a t er c l os e ts

, an d u r i nal s ) a s p re sc r ib e d i n s e ctio n 325 of t h e A ct. T h e comp l i an c e

st a t e m en t

, sig ne d b y t h e comp any offici al submitti n g t h e st a t e m en t

, an d t h e c er tific a tio n re po r t ( s )

s h all b e s en t b y c er tifi e d m a i l to� D e p ar tm en t of E ner g y

, O ffic e of E ner g y Effici en c y an d

R ene w a b le E ner g y

, O ffic e of Cod e s an d St an d ar ds

, Fo rre st al Bui l di n g , 1 000 I n d e p en d en c e

A v en u e

, S W, W a s h i n gto n

, DC 205 8 5

- 0 1 2 1

.

* * * * *

( 4 ) * * *

(xx v ) F l uo re sc en t L a mp B alla sts

, t h e b alla st e ffic a c y f a cto r ( BEF ) an d t h e b alla st pow er f a cto r

( P F )

.

* * * * *

( 6 ) E a c h m an uf a ctu rer o r p r iv a t e la b eler of a b a sic mod el of a cov ere d f l uo re sc en t la mp b alla st

s h all fi le a comp l i an c e st a t e m en t an d a c er tific a tio n re po r t to D O E usi n g t h e t e st p r oc e du re

d e sc r ib e d i n A pp en di x Q to Subp ar t B of P ar t 430 wit h i n 1 year of pub l ic a tio n of t h e f l uo re sc en t

11 2la mp b alla st t e st p r oc e du re an d ener g y co n s er v a tio n st an d ar d fi nal r u le m a ki n g. Fu r t h er mo re

,

ea c h m an uf a ctu rer o r p r iv a t e la b eler of a b a sic mod el of a cov ere d f l uo re sc en t la mp b alla st s h all

fi le a comp l i an c e st a t e m en t an d a c er tific a tio n re po r t to D O E usi n g t h e t e st p r oc e du re d e sc r ib e d

i n A pp en di x Q1 to Subp ar t B of P ar t 430 b e fo re wit h i n 4 year s of pub l ic a tio n of t h e f l uo re sc en t

la mp b alla st t e st p r oc e du re an d ener g y co n s er v a tio n st an d ar ds fi nal r u le m a ki n g..

* * * * *

11 3