DOE/EIA-0384(2011)|September2012

www.eia.gov/aer

AnnualEnergyReview2011
The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administration's

(EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, databegin with the year 1949. Included are statistics on total energy production,consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal,electricity, nuclear energy, and renewable energy; financial and environment indicators; and data unit conversions.Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department ofEnergy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilitiesgiven to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states:

“The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central,comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program

which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data

and information....”

The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies,energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readersregarding the content of the AER and other EIA publications.

Important Notes About the Data

Data Displayed: For tables beginning in 1949, some early years (usually1951-1954, 1956-1959, 1961-1964, 1966-1969, and 1971-1974) are not shown onthe tables in the printed report or the Portable Document Format (PDF) files;however, all years of data are shown in the Excel formats and the HyperTextMarkup Language (HTML) files.Comprehensive Changes: Most AER 2011 tables and figures carry a

new year of data (usually 2011), which are often preliminary and likely to berevised next year, and revisions to much of the 2010 data, which are now final inmany cases.Monthly Data: The emphasis of the AER is on long-term trends. Analystsmay wish to use the data in this report in conjunction with EIA’s monthly releasesthat offer updates to the most recent years’ data. In particular, see the MonthlyEnergy Review at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly for statistics thatinclude updates to many of the annual series in this report.

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 Annual Energy Review 2011 Ordering Informat

Released for printing: September 27, 2012 Printed with soy ink on recycled paper.
Annual Energy Review 201

September 2012

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Statistics

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical andanalytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA’s data, analyses, and forecastsare independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. Theviews in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of

Energy or other Federal agencies.
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The Annual Energy Review (AER) is prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Survey Development and Statisti

Statistics Team, under the direction of Barbara T. Fichman, 202-586-5737 (barbara.fichman@eia.gov). Questions and comments about t

Repice, 202-586-5828 (ryan.repice@eia.gov), the Office of Communications, 202-586-8800 (infoctr@eia.gov), or the following subject sp

1. Energy Overview....................................... Ryan Repice ryan.repice@eia.gov 2. Energy Consumption by Sector........................... Ryan Repice ryan.repice@eia.gov 

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey................ Robert Adler robert.adler@eia.gov 

Residential Energy Consumption Survey................... James Berry james.berry@eia.gov 

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.......... Joelle Michaels joelle.michaels@eia.gov 

3. Financial Indicators.....................................Ryan Repice ryan.repice@eia.gov 

4. Energy Resources

Petroleum and Natural Gas.............................. Steven G. Grape steven.grape@eia.gov Coal................................................ Nicholas Paduano nicholas.paduano@eia.gov 

Uranium............................................ Doug Bonnar douglas.bonnar@eia.gov 

Renewable Energy.................................... Christopher R. Namovicz christopher.namovicz@eia.gov 

5. Petroleum and Other Liquids............................. Jennifer Barrick jennifer.barrick@eia.gov 

Prices.............................................. Marlana Anderson marlana.anderson@eia.gov 

6. Natural Gas........................................... Amy Sweeney amy.sweeney@eia.gov 7. Coal.................................................. Paulette Young paulette.young@eia.gov 

8. Electricity............................................. Channele Wirman channele.wirman@eia.gov 

9. Nuclear Energy........................................ Michael Mobilia michael.mobilia@eia.gov 

10. Renewable Energy...................................... Gwendolyn Bredehoeft gwendolyn.bredehoeft@eia.gov 

11. Environment

Greenhouse Gases..................................... Perry Lindstrom perry.lindstrom@eia.gov 

Environmental Equipment.............................. Natalie Ko natalie.ko@eia.gov 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Contacts
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This thirtieth edition of the Annual Energy Review (AER) presents the U.S. Energy

Information Administration’s (EIA) most comprehensive look at integrated energystatistics. The summary statistics on the Nation’s energy production, consumption,trade, stocks, and prices cover all major energy commodities and all energyconsuming sectors of the U.S. economy from 1949 through 2011. The AER isEIA’s historical record of energy statistics and, because the coverage spans sixdecades, the statistics in this report are well-suited to long-term trend analysis. The AER is a companion report to EIA’s Monthly Energy Review (MER), and it

covers most MER series over a much longer time span. Numerous additional seriesare included in the AER. The additional series are available because EIA’s surveys,on which both reports are largely based, provide more extensive coverage of annualstatistics than of monthly statistics.AER statistics for recent years, particularly 2011, are more likely than statistics forearlier years to be revised by EIA as new information becomes available. The latestedition of the MER, therefore, is the recommended source for the most recent statistics for many of the series reported in the AER. For the most part, fuel-specific statistics in the AER are expressed in physical units,such as barrels, cubic feet, short tons, and kilowatthours. Summary statistics in

Sections 1 and 2, however, are expressed in Brallows different fuels to be compared and integrateU.S. consumption of primary energy, to be calculatThe AER emphasizes domestic energy statistics buexample, statistics on petroleum imports by countrSection 5, “Petroleum,” in order to give a complete Publication of the AER each year is in keeping wSection 205(a)(2) of the Department of Energy OrgThe report is intended for use by Members of Conenergy analysts, and the general public. EIA weregarding its energy statistics. To make a suggesttion regarding the contents of the AER, readers specialists listed as contacts on the preceding page.Printed copies of the Annual Energy Review 2011 mU.S. Government Printing Office or EIA’s Office the inside front cover of this report. The informatelectronically at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/dat

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Preface
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Contents

Sections

1. Energy Overview...........................................................................................2. Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Financial Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Energy Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Petroleum and Other Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendices

A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

E. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

F. Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flow Diagrams

Energy Flow, 2011..........................................................................................Petroleum Flow, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 Natural Gas Flow, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Coal Flow, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity Flow, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
1. Energy Overview

1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011........................................................

1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2011..............................................

1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2011....................................

1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditure, and Price Estimates, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2010, and 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Sales of Fossil Fuels Produced on Federal and American Indian Lands, Fiscal Years, 2003-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels, 1980-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics, Selected Years, 1978-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables viii U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
3. Financial Indicators—Continued

3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, 1977-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.10 Uranium Reserves, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum and Other Liquids

5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1b Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.13c Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13d Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . 5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-25.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, Selected Years, 1984-2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, End of Year 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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5. Petroleum and Other Liquids—Continued

5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, End of Year 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1995-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1960-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, Selected Years, End of Year 1954-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, Citygate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, Selected Years, 1967-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin, 2000-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.6 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, End of Year 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8. Electricity

8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2018.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2011. 

Tables x U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
8. Electricity—Continued

 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . 

8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . 

 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 19

8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 198

8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-20

8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989

8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, End of Year 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, Selected Years, 1960-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors , Selected Years, 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12a Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin: Summer Peak Period, 1986-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12b Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, Winter Peak Period, 1986-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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10. Renewable Energy—Continued

10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2001-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Sector and End Use, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. Environment

11.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2a Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2b Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2c Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2d Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2e Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 11.3 Methane Emissions, 1980-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.4 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-201011.5b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2011.5c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: 

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.6 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment, 1985-2010. . . . . . . 

Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

 A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors

B1. Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

B2. Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implict Price Deflator

D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix E. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945

E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables xii U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
Appendix F. Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption

F1. Conversion Efficiencies of Noncombustible Renewable Energy Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F2. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F3. Noncombustible Renewable Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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1. Energy Overview

1.0 Energy Flow, 2011....................................................................................1.1 Primary Energy Overview..............................................................................

1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source.....................................................................1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source...........................................................1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption Estimates and Estimated Consumption per Capita, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2010, and 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Sales of Fossil Fuels Produced on Federal and American Indian Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1b Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Household Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Imports, and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxiv U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
3. Financial Indicators—Continued

3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, 1977-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.10 Uranium Reserves, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.11 Concentrating Solar Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.12 Photovoltaic Solar Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Onshore Wind Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14 Offshore Wind Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.15 Geothermal Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.16 Biomass Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum and Other Liquids

5.0 Petroleum Flow, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1b Petroleum Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
5. Petroleum and Other Liquids—Continued

5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, End of Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1995-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.0 Natural Gas Flow, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.1 Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.2 Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, End of Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, Citygate, and Imports Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.0 Coal Flow, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Coal Stocks, End of Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 Coal Mining Productivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.8 Coke Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 7.9 Coal Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8. Electricity

8.0 Electricity Flow, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.1 Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 Consumption for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation (All Sectors), 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxvi U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
8. Electricity—Continued

8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 8.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output, 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, End of Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.9 Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12a Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin: Summer Peak Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.12b Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin: Winter Peak Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.3 Uranium Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.4 Biodiesel Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 U.S. Shipment of Photovoltaic Modules Only by Sector and End Use, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. Environment

11.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector, 1949-2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Methane Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Nitrous Oxide Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix C. U.S. Census Regions and Division

 C1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
Appendix F. Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption

F1. Primary Energy Consumption and Delivered Total Energy, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxviii U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
1. Energy O
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Figure 1.0 Energy Flow, 2011

(Quadrillion Btu)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

1 Includes lease condensate.2 Natural gas plant liquids.3 Conventional hydroelectric power, biomass, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, and wind.4 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.5 Natural gas, coal, coal coke, biofuels, and electricity.6 Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.7 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.8 Petroleum products, including natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil burned as fuel.

9 Includes 0.01 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net imports.10 Includes 0.13 quadrillion Btu of electricity net imports.11 Total energy consumption, which is the sum of primar

sales, and electrical system energy losses. Losses are proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail Energy Losses,” at end of Section 2.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived 

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components d

Sources: Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 2.1a.
Figure 1.1 Primary Energy Overview 

Overview, 1949-2011 Production and Consumption, 2011Overview, 2011 Energy Flow, 2011

 (Quadrillion Btu)

4 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Consumption

Production

Imports

Production 

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

78

29

10

97

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

Nuclear

Renewable

Fossil Fuels

78

Exports

1 Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for. Source: Table 1.1.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Production Trade

Stock

Change

and

Other 8

Consum

Fossil

 Fuels 2

Nuclear

Electric

Power 3

Renewable

Energy 4 Total

 Imports Exports Net Imports 1

Fossil

Fuels 9

Nuclear

Electric

Power 3

Petroleum 5 Total 6 Coal Total 7 Total 

1949 28.748 0.000 2.974 31.722 1.427 1.448 0.877 1.592 -0.144 0.403 29.002 0.000 1950 32.563 .000 2.978 35.540 1.886 1.913 .786 1.465 .448 -1.372 31.632 .000 1955 37.364 .000 2.784 40.148 2.752 2.790 1.465 2.286 .504 -.444 37.410 .000 1960 39.869 .006 2.928 42.803 3.999 4.188 1.023 1.477 2.710 -.427 42.137 .006 1965 47.235 .043 3.396 50.674 5.402 5.892 1.376 1.829 4.063 -.722 50.577 .043 1970 59.186 .239 4.070 63.495 7.470 8.342 1.936 2.632 5.709 -1.367 63.522 .239 1975 54.733 1.900 4.687 61.320 12.948 14.032 1.761 2.323 11.709 -1.065 65.357 1.900 1976 54.723 2.111 4.727 61.561 15.672 16.760 1.597 2.172 14.588 -.175 69.107 2.111 1977 55.101 2.702 4.209 62.012 18.756 19.948 1.442 2.052 17.896 -1.946 70.991 2.702 1978 55.074 3.024 5.005 63.104 17.824 19.106 1.078 1.920 17.186 -.339 71.854 3.024 1979 58.006 2.776 5.123 65.904 17.933 19.460 1.753 2.855 16.605 -1.650 72.891 2.776 1980 59.008 2.739 5.428 67.175 14.658 15.796 2.421 3.695 12.101 -1.210 69.828 2.739 1981 58.529 3.008 5.414 66.951 12.639 13.719 2.944 4.307 9.412 -.257 67.571 3.008 1982 57.458 3.131 5.980 66.569 10.777 11.861 2.787 4.608 7.253 -.723 63.888 3.131 1983 54.416 3.203 6.496 64.114 10.647 11.752 2.045 3.693 8.059 .798 63.152 3.203 1984 58.849 3.553 6.438 68.840 11.433 12.471 2.151 3.786 8.685 -.892 66.506 3.553 1985 57.539 4.076 6.084 67.698 10.609 11.781 2.438 4.196 7.584 1.110 66.093 4.076 1986 56.575 4.380 6.111 67.066 13.201 14.151 2.248 4.021 10.130 -.549 66.033 4.380 1987 57.167 4.754 5.622 67.542 14.162 15.398 2.093 3.812 11.586 -.074 68.521 4.754 1988 57.875 5.587 5.457 68.919 15.747 17.296 2.499 4.366 12.929 .861 71.557 5.587 1989 57.483 5.602 6.235 69.320 17.162 18.766 2.637 4.661 14.105 1.361 72.911 5.602 1990 58.560 6.104 6.041 70.705 17.117 18.817 2.772 4.752 14.065 -.284 72.332 6.104 1991 57.872 6.422 6.069 70.362 16.348 18.335 2.854 5.141 13.194 .882 71.880 6.422 1992 57.655 6.479 5.821 R69.956 16.968 19.372 2.682 4.937 14.435 1.392 73.396 6.479 1993 55.822 6.410 6.083 68.315 18.510 21.273 1.962 4.258 17.014 2.094 74.836 6.410 1994 58.044 6.694 5.988 70.726 19.243 22.390 1.879 4.061 18.329 .037 76.256 6.694 1995 57.540 7.075 6.558 71.174 18.881 22.260 2.318 4.511 17.750 2.105 77.259 7.075 1996 58.387 7.087 7.012 72.486 20.284 23.702 2.368 4.633 19.069 2.468 79.785 7.087 1997 58.857 6.597 7.018 72.472 21.740 25.215 2.193 4.514 20.701 1.429 80.873 6.597 1998 59.314 7.068 6.494 72.876 22.908 26.581 2.092 4.299 22.281 -.140 81.369 7.068 1999 57.614 7.610 6.517 71.742 23.133 27.252 1.525 3.715 23.537 1.373 82.427 7.610 2000 57.366 7.862 6.104 71.332 24.531 28.973 1.528 4.006 24.967 R2.515 84.731 7.862 2001 58.541 8.029 5.164 71.735 25.398 30.157 1.265 3.771 26.386 -1.953 82.902 8.029 2002 R56.837 8.145 5.734 R70.716 24.674 29.408 1.032 3.669 25.739 R1.190 R83.699 8.145 2003 56.099 7.959 5.982 70.040 26.219 31.061 1.117 4.054 27.007 .931 84.014 7.959 2004 55.895 8.222 6.070 70.188 28.197 33.544 1.253 4.434 29.110 R.864 R85.819 8.222 2005 55.038 8.161 6.229 R69.428 29.248 34.709 1.273 4.560 30.149 R.705 R85.794 8.161 2006 55.968 8.215 R6.599 R70.782 29.169 34.679 1.264 4.872 29.806 R-.959 R84.702 8.215 2007 R56.409 8.455 R6.509 R71.373 28.781 34.703 1.507 5.482 29.221 R.702 R86.211 8.455 2008 57.482 8.427 R7.202 R73.111 27.685 32.992 2.071 7.060 25.932 R.231 R83.549 8.427 2009 R56.685 8.356 R7.616 R72.657 25.082 29.706 1.515 6.965 22.741 R-.839 R78.488 8.356 2010 R58.235 R8.434 R8.136 R74.806 R25.371 R29.877 2.101 R8.234 R21.643 R1.273 R81.109 R8.434 2011P 60.601 8.259 9.236 78.096 24.491 28.587 2.751 10.356 18.232 .974 79.779 8.259 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 2 Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. 3 Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rate—see Table A6). 4 See Tables 10.1–10.2c for notes on series components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable

Energy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10.

5 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 6 Also includes natural gas, coal, coal coke, fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and electricity. 7 Also includes natural gas, petroleum, coal coke, biodiesel, and electricity. 8 Calculated as consumption and exports minus production and imports. Includes petroleum stock

change and adjustments; natural gas net storage withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change,losses, and unaccounted for; fuel ethanol stock change; and biodiesel stock change and balancing item.

9 Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum. For petroleum

an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum ProdConsumption," at end of Section 5.

10 Also includes electricity net imports.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Prim

Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rou

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summ

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary fo1949.

Sources: Tables 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4.
Figure 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source

By Source Category, 1949-2011 By Source, 1949-2011By Source, 20116 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

255075

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear Electric Power

Renewable Energy

O

24

22

12

8

5 3 3

2

Natural Coal Crude Oil1 Nuclear Biomass Hydro- NGPL3 Other

05

1015202530

Quadrillion Btu

1 Includes lease condensate.2 Conventional hydroelectric power. 3 Natural gas plant liquids.

4 Geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, and wind.

Source: Table 1.2. 

Renewable

Energy4

Gas electric

Power2

Electric

Power 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 5

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

2

Natural

Gas

(Dry)

Crude

Oil 3 NGPL 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 6 Geothermal 7 Solar/PV 8 Wind 9 Biomass 10 T

1949 11.974 5.377 10.683 0.714 28.748 0.000 1.425 NA NA NA 1.549 21950 14.060 6.233 11.447 .823 32.563 .000 1.415 NA NA NA 1.562 21955 12.370 9.345 14.410 1.240 37.364 .000 1.360 NA NA NA 1.424 21960 10.817 12.656 14.935 1.461 39.869 .006 1.608 (s) NA NA 1.320 21965 13.055 15.775 16.521 1.883 47.235 .043 2.059 .002 NA NA 1.335 31970 14.607 21.666 20.401 2.512 59.186 .239 2.634 .006 NA NA 1.431 41975 14.989 19.640 17.729 2.374 54.733 1.900 3.155 .034 NA NA 1.499 41976 15.654 19.480 17.262 2.327 54.723 2.111 2.976 .038 NA NA 1.713 41977 15.755 19.565 17.454 2.327 55.101 2.702 2.333 .037 NA NA 1.838 41978 14.910 19.485 18.434 2.245 55.074 3.024 2.937 .031 NA NA 2.038 51979 17.540 20.076 18.104 2.286 58.006 2.776 2.931 .040 NA NA 2.152 51980 18.598 19.908 18.249 2.254 59.008 2.739 2.900 .053 NA NA 2.476 51981 18.377 19.699 18.146 2.307 58.529 3.008 2.758 .059 NA NA 2.596 51982 18.639 18.319 18.309 2.191 57.458 3.131 3.266 .051 NA NA 2.663 51983 17.247 16.593 18.392 2.184 54.416 3.203 3.527 .064 NA (s) 2.904 61984 19.719 18.008 18.848 2.274 58.849 3.553 3.386 .081 (s) (s) 2.971 61985 19.325 16.980 18.992 2.241 57.539 4.076 2.970 .097 (s) (s) 3.016 61986 19.509 16.541 18.376 2.149 56.575 4.380 3.071 .108 (s) (s) 2.932 61987 20.141 17.136 17.675 2.215 57.167 4.754 2.635 .112 (s) (s) 2.875 51988 20.738 17.599 17.279 2.260 57.875 5.587 2.334 .106 (s) (s) 3.016 51989 221.360 17.847 16.117 2.158 57.483 5.602 2.837 .162 .055 .022 3.159 61990 22.488 18.326 15.571 2.175 58.560 6.104 3.046 .171 .059 .029 2.735 61991 21.636 18.229 15.701 2.306 57.872 6.422 3.016 .178 .062 .031 2.782 61992 21.694 18.375 15.223 2.363 57.655 6.479 2.617 .179 .064 .030 2.932 51993 20.336 18.584 14.494 2.408 55.822 6.410 2.892 .186 .066 .031 2.908 61994 22.202 19.348 14.103 2.391 58.044 6.694 2.683 .173 .068 .036 3.028 51995 22.130 19.082 13.887 2.442 57.540 7.075 3.205 .152 .069 .033 3.099 61996 22.790 19.344 13.723 2.530 58.387 7.087 3.590 .163 .070 .033 3.155 71997 23.310 19.394 13.658 2.495 58.857 6.597 3.640 .167 .070 .034 3.108 71998 24.045 19.613 13.235 2.420 59.314 7.068 3.297 .168 .069 .031 2.929 61999 23.295 19.341 12.451 2.528 57.614 7.610 3.268 .171 .068 .046 2.965 62000 22.735 19.662 12.358 2.611 57.366 7.862 2.811 .164 R.066 .057 3.006 62001 223.547 20.166 12.282 2.547 58.541 8.029 2.242 .164 .064 .070 2.624 52002 22.732 R19.382 12.163 2.559 R56.837 8.145 2.689 .171 .063 .105 2.705 52003 22.094 19.633 12.026 2.346 56.099 7.959 2.825 .175 .062 .115 2.805 52004 22.852 19.074 11.503 2.466 55.895 8.222 2.690 .178 .063 .142 2.998 62005 23.185 18.556 10.963 2.334 55.038 8.161 2.703 .181 .063 .178 3.104 62006 23.790 19.022 10.801 2.356 55.968 8.215 2.869 .181 .068 .264 R3.216 R62007 23.493 R19.786 10.721 2.409 R56.409 8.455 2.446 .186 .076 .341 R3.461 R62008 23.851 20.703 10.509 2.419 57.482 8.427 2.511 .192 .089 .546 R3.864 R72009 R21.624 R21.139 11.348 2.574 R56.685 8.356 2.669 .200 .098 .721 R3.928 R72010 R22.038 R21.823 R11.593 R2.781 R58.235 R8.434 R2.539 R.208 R.126 R.923 R4.341 R82011P 22.181 23.506 11.986 2.928 60.601 8.259 3.171 .226 .158 1.168 4.511 9

1 Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1–10.2c for notes on series components and estimation; and

see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10.

2 Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also includes a small amount of

refuse recovery. See Table 7.1. 3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Natural gas plant liquids. 5 Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rate—see Table A6). 6 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).

7 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6),

and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels

heat rate—see Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy. 9 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat r

10 Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs 

ethanol and biodiesel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrilliNotes: • See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. • Totals may not 

due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary 

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary for a1949.

Sources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.2a, 10.1, A2, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source

Total, 1949-2011 By Major Source, 1949-2011By Major Source, 20118 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel.

Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in“Renewable Energy.” For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of

petroleum consumption. See Note 1, “Petroleum Products 

tion,” at the end of Section 5

Sources: Tables 1.2 and 1.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

20406080

100120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

1015202530354045

Quadrillion Btu

35

25

20

9 8

Petroleum1 Natural Coal Renewable Nuclear

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Electric

Power

Gas Energy 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

Coal

Coke

Net

Imports 3

Natural

Gas 4 Petroleum 5 Total

Noncombustible 2

Biomass 7 Total

Captured

Energy 6

Adjustment for

Fossil Fuel

Equivalence 6 Total 6,7

1949 11.981 -0.007 5.145 11.883 29.002 0.000 0.323 1.101 1.425 1.549 2.974 1950 12.347 .001 5.968 13.315 31.632 .000 .344 1.071 1.415 1.562 2.978 1955 11.167 -.010 8.998 17.255 37.410 .000 .397 .963 1.360 1.424 2.784 1960 9.838 -.006 12.385 19.919 42.137 .006 .510 1.098 1.608 1.320 2.928 1965 11.581 -.018 15.769 23.246 50.577 .043 .673 1.388 2.061 1.335 3.396 1970 12.265 -.058 21.795 29.521 63.522 .239 .858 1.781 2.639 1.431 4.070 1975 12.663 .014 19.948 32.732 65.357 1.900 1.045 2.143 3.188 1.499 4.687 1976 13.584 (s) 20.345 35.178 69.107 2.111 .991 2.022 3.014 1.713 4.727 1977 13.922 .015 19.931 37.124 70.991 2.702 .775 1.595 2.371 1.838 4.209 1978 13.766 .125 20.000 37.963 71.854 3.024 .977 1.990 2.968 2.038 5.005 1979 15.040 .063 20.666 37.122 72.891 2.776 .979 1.992 2.971 2.152 5.123 1980 15.423 -.035 20.235 34.205 69.828 2.739 .970 1.983 2.953 2.476 5.428 1981 15.908 -.016 19.747 31.932 67.571 3.008 .920 1.898 2.817 2.596 5.414 1982 15.322 -.022 18.356 30.232 63.888 3.131 1.082 2.234 3.316 2.663 5.980 1983 15.894 -.016 17.221 30.052 63.152 3.203 1.165 2.426 3.591 2.904 6.496 1984 17.071 -.011 18.394 31.053 66.506 3.553 1.133 2.334 3.467 2.971 6.438 1985 17.478 -.013 17.703 30.925 66.093 4.076 1.002 2.066 3.068 3.016 6.084 1986 17.260 -.017 16.591 32.198 66.033 4.380 1.038 2.141 3.179 2.932 6.111 1987 18.008 .009 17.640 32.864 68.521 4.754 .900 1.847 2.747 2.875 5.622 1988 18.846 .040 18.448 34.223 71.557 5.587 .807 1.634 2.441 3.016 5.457 1989 19.070 .030 19.602 34.209 72.911 5.602 1.048 2.028 3.076 3.159 6.235 1990 19.173 .005 19.603 33.552 72.332 6.104 1.128 2.177 3.306 2.735 6.041 1991 18.992 .010 20.033 32.846 71.880 6.422 1.121 2.166 3.287 2.782 6.069 1992 19.122 .035 20.714 33.525 73.396 6.479 1.001 1.889 2.890 2.932 5.821 1993 19.835 .027 21.229 33.745 74.836 6.410 1.100 2.074 3.174 2.908 6.083 1994 19.909 .058 21.728 34.561 76.256 6.694 1.030 1.930 2.961 3.028 5.988 1995 20.089 .061 22.671 34.438 77.259 7.075 1.197 2.262 3.459 3.101 6.560 1996 21.002 .023 23.085 35.675 79.785 7.087 1.326 2.530 3.857 3.157 7.014 1997 21.445 .046 23.223 36.159 80.873 6.597 1.360 2.550 3.910 3.105 7.016 1998 21.656 .067 22.830 36.816 81.369 7.068 1.247 2.318 3.565 2.927 6.493 1999 21.623 .058 22.909 37.838 82.427 7.610 1.240 2.312 3.552 2.963 6.516 2000 22.580 .065 23.824 38.262 84.731 7.862 1.090 2.008 3.098 3.008 6.106 2001 21.914 .029 22.773 38.186 82.902 8.029 .893 1.647 2.540 2.622 5.163 2002 21.904 .061 R23.510 38.224 R83.699 8.145 1.070 1.959 3.029 2.701 5.729 2003 22.321 .051 22.831 38.811 84.014 7.959 1.114 2.062 3.176 2.807 5.983 2004 22.466 .138 R22.923 40.292 R85.819 8.222 1.103 1.969 3.073 3.010 6.082 2005 22.797 .044 R22.565 40.388 R85.794 8.161 1.127 1.998 3.125 R3.117 6.242 2006 22.447 .061 R22.239 39.955 R84.702 8.215 1.229 2.153 3.382 R3.267 R6.649 2007 22.749 .025 R23.663 39.774 R86.211 8.455 1.125 1.924 3.048 R3.474 R6.523 2008 22.385 .041 R23.843 37.280 R83.549 8.427 1.238 2.099 3.338 R3.849 R7.186 2009 19.692 -.024 R23.416 35.403 R78.488 8.356 1.382 2.306 3.688 R3.912 R7.600 2010 R20.850 -.006 R24.256 R36.010 R81.109 R8.434 R1.440 R2.355 R3.796 R4.294 R8.090 2011P 19.643 .011 24.843 35.283 79.779 8.259 1.785 2.939 4.724 4.411 9.135 

1 Most data are estimates. See Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of

Section 10.

2 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind. See Note 1,

"Noncombustible Renewable Energy," at end of section. 3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 4 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,"at end of Section 6.

5 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. Does

not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." Forpetroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1,"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of Section 5.

6 See Note 1, "Noncombustible Renewable Energy," at end of sectio7 See Table 10.1 for a breakdown of individual sources.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.0005 and greater than -Notes: • See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. • S

consumption for 1635–1945. • See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summ1949.

Sources: Tables 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.8, 8.1, 8.2a, 10.1, 10.3, A4, A5, an
Figure 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2011

Energy Net Imports Imports and Exports, 2011Energy Imports Energy Exports10 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

Imports 

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Pe

Total

Petroleum 24.5

Petroleum

Other 4.1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

-5

05

101520253035

-5

Quadrillion Btu

Note: Negative net imports are net exports. Source: Table 1.4.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Imports Exports

Coal

Coal

Coke

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Biofuels 4 Elec- tricity Total Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas

Petroleum

Biofuels 5 

Crude Oil 2 Petroleum Products 3 Total Crude Oil 2 Petroleum Products 3 Total

1949 0.008 0.007 0.000 0.915 0.513 1.427 NA 0.006 1.448 0.877 0.014 0.021 0.192 0.488 0.680 NA 1950 .009 .011 .000 1.056 .830 1.886 NA .007 1.913 .786 .010 .027 .202 .440 .642 NA 1955 .008 .003 .011 1.691 1.061 2.752 NA .016 2.790 1.465 .013 .032 .067 .707 .774 NA 1960 .007 .003 .161 2.196 1.802 3.999 NA .018 4.188 1.023 .009 .012 .018 .413 .431 NA 1965 .005 .002 .471 2.654 2.748 5.402 NA .012 5.892 1.376 .021 .027 .006 .386 .392 NA 1970 .001 .004 .846 2.814 4.656 7.470 NA .021 8.342 1.936 .061 .072 .029 .520 .549 NA 1975 .024 .045 .978 8.721 4.227 12.948 NA .038 14.032 1.761 .032 .074 .012 .427 .439 NA 1976 .030 .033 .988 11.239 4.434 15.672 NA .037 16.760 1.597 .033 .066 .017 .452 .469 NA 1977 .041 .045 1.037 14.027 4.728 18.756 NA .069 19.948 1.442 .031 .056 .106 .408 .514 NA 1978 .074 .142 .995 13.460 4.364 17.824 NA .072 19.106 1.078 .017 .053 .335 .432 .767 NA 1979 .051 .099 1.300 13.825 4.108 17.933 NA .077 19.460 1.753 .036 .056 .497 .505 1.002 NA 1980 .030 .016 1.006 11.195 3.463 14.658 NA .085 15.796 2.421 .051 .049 .609 .551 1.160 NA 1981 .026 .013 .917 9.336 3.303 12.639 NA .124 13.719 2.944 .029 .060 .482 .781 1.264 NA 1982 .019 .003 .950 7.418 3.360 10.777 NA .112 11.861 2.787 .025 .052 .500 1.231 1.732 NA 1983 .032 .001 .940 7.079 3.568 10.647 NA .132 11.752 2.045 .016 .055 .348 1.217 1.565 NA 1984 .032 .014 .847 7.302 4.131 11.433 NA .144 12.471 2.151 .026 .055 .384 1.161 1.545 NA 1985 .049 .014 .952 6.814 3.796 10.609 NA .157 11.781 2.438 .028 .056 .432 1.225 1.657 NA 1986 .055 .008 .748 9.002 4.199 13.201 NA .139 14.151 2.248 .025 .062 .326 1.344 1.670 NA 1987 .044 .023 .992 10.067 4.095 14.162 NA .178 15.398 2.093 .014 .055 .319 1.311 1.630 NA 1988 .053 .067 1.296 11.027 4.720 15.747 NA .133 17.296 2.499 .027 .075 .329 1.412 1.741 NA 1989 .071 .057 1.387 12.596 4.565 17.162 NA .089 18.766 2.637 .027 .109 .300 1.536 1.836 NA 1990 .067 .019 1.551 12.766 4.351 17.117 NA .063 18.817 2.772 .014 .087 .230 1.594 1.824 NA 1991 .085 .029 1.798 12.553 3.794 16.348 NA .075 18.335 2.854 .020 .132 .246 1.882 2.128 NA 1992 .095 .052 2.161 13.253 3.714 16.968 NA .096 19.372 2.682 .017 .220 .188 1.819 2.008 NA 1993 .205 .053 2.397 14.749 3.760 18.510 .001 .107 21.273 1.962 .026 .142 .208 1.907 2.115 NA 1994 .222 .083 2.682 15.340 3.904 19.243 .001 .160 22.390 1.879 .024 .164 .209 1.779 1.988 NA 1995 .237 .095 2.901 15.669 3.211 18.881 .001 .146 22.260 2.318 .034 .156 .200 1.791 1.991 NA 1996 .203 .063 3.002 16.341 3.943 20.284 .001 .148 23.702 2.368 .040 .155 .233 1.825 2.059 NA 1997 .187 .078 3.063 17.876 3.864 21.740 (s) .147 25.215 2.193 .031 .159 .228 1.872 2.100 NA 1998 .218 .095 3.225 18.916 3.992 22.908 (s) .135 26.581 2.092 .028 .161 .233 1.740 1.972 NA 1999 .227 .080 3.664 18.935 4.198 23.133 (s) .147 27.252 1.525 .022 .164 .250 1.705 1.955 NA 2000 .313 .094 3.869 19.783 4.749 24.531 (s) .166 28.973 1.528 .028 .245 .106 2.048 2.154 NA 2001 .495 .063 4.068 20.348 5.051 25.398 .002 .131 30.157 1.265 .033 .377 .043 1.996 2.039 (s) 2002 .422 .080 4.104 19.920 4.754 24.674 .002 .125 29.408 1.032 .020 .520 .019 2.023 2.042 (s) 2003 .626 .068 4.042 21.060 5.159 26.219 .002 .104 31.061 1.117 .018 .686 .026 2.124 2.151 .001 2004 .682 .170 4.365 22.082 6.114 28.197 .013 .117 33.544 1.253 .033 .862 .057 2.151 2.208 .001 2005 .762 .088 4.450 22.091 7.157 29.248 .012 .150 34.709 1.273 .043 .735 .067 2.374 2.442 .001 2006 .906 .101 4.291 22.085 7.084 29.169 .066 .146 34.679 1.264 .040 .730 .052 2.699 2.751 .004 2007 .909 .061 4.723 21.914 6.868 28.781 .054 .175 34.703 1.507 .036 .830 .058 2.949 3.007 .035 2008 .855 .089 4.084 21.448 6.237 27.685 .084 .195 32.992 2.071 .049 .972 .061 3.739 3.800 .086 2009 .566 .009 3.845 19.699 5.383 25.082 .026 .178 29.706 1.515 .032 1.082 .093 4.147 4.240 .034 2010 .484 .030 R3.834 R20.140 R5.231 R25.371 .004 .154 R29.877 2.101 .036 1.147 .088 R4.750 R4.838 R.046 2011P .327 .035 3.540 19.561 4.930 24.491 .016 .178 28.587 2.751 .024 1.521 .100 5.801 5.901 .108 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 2 Crude oil and lease condensate. Imports data include imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve,

which began in 1977.

3 Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending components. Does not

include biofuels. 4 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel. 5 Biodiesel only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu. 

Notes: • Includes trade between the United States (50 States and t

territories and possessions. • See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. • See Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#sum

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary 1949.

Sources: Tables 5.1b, 5.3, 5.5, 6.1, 7.1, 7.8, 8.1, 10.3, 10.4, A2, A3, A4, 
Figure 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators Estimates

Energy Consumption, 1949-2011 Energy Expenditures, 1970-2010 Energy Consumption p

Gross Domestic Produ

Energy Consumption per Capita, Energy Expenditures per Capita, Energy Expenditures a1949-2011 1970-2010 Domestic Product and 12 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

500

1,0001,500

Billion Nominal Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

20406080

100120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 

05

101520

Thousand Btu per Real (2005) Dollar2

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators

in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

3 Gross output is the value of gross domestic product (GDP

inputs used to produce GDP.

Source: Table 1.5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

100200300400500

Million Btu

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000

Nominal Dollars1 

1990 1995 

0369

12

Percent

Sha
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators Estimates, Selected Years, 

Year

Energy

Consumption

Energy

Consumption

per Capita

Energy

Expenditures 1

Energy

Expenditures 1

per Capita

Gross

Output 3

Energy

Expenditures 1

as Share of

Gross Output 3

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Energy

Expenditures 1

as Share of GDP 

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Con

Real 

Quadrillion

Btu

Million

Btu

Million 

Nominal

Dollars 4

Nominal

Dollars 4

Billion

Nominal

Dollars 4 Percent

Billion

Nominal

Dollars 4 Percent

Billion

Real

(2005) Dollars 5

Th

(20

1949 31.982 214 NA NA NA NA 267.2 NA R1,843.1 1950 34.616 227 NA NA NA NA 293.7 NA R2,004.2 1955 40.208 242 NA NA NA NA 414.7 NA R2,498.2 1960 45.086 250 NA NA NA NA 526.4 NA R2,828.5 1965 54.015 278 NA NA NA NA 719.1 NA R3,607.0 1970 67.838 331 82,860 404 NA NA 1,038.3 8.0 R4,266.3 1975 71.965 333 R171,837 R796 NA NA 1,637.7 10.5 R4,875.4 1976 75.975 348 R193,896 889 NA NA 1,824.6 10.6 R5,136.9 1977 77.961 354 R220,476 1,001 NA NA 2,030.1 10.9 R5,373.1 1978 79.950 359 R239,255 R1,075 NA NA 2,293.8 10.4 R5,672.8 1979 80.859 359 R297,549 1,322 NA NA 2,562.2 11.6 R5,850.1 1980 78.067 344 R374,347 1,647 NA NA 2,788.1 13.4 R5,834.0 1981 76.106 332 R427,898 R1,865 NA NA 3,126.8 13.7 R5,982.1 1982 73.099 316 R426,479 R1,841 NA NA 3,253.2 13.1 R5,865.9 1983 72.971 312 R417,476 R1,786 NA NA 3,534.6 11.8 R6,130.9 1984 76.632 325 R435,195 1,845 NA NA 3,930.9 11.1 R6,571.5 1985 76.392 321 R438,347 1,842 NA NA 4,217.5 10.4 R6,843.4 1986 76.647 319 R383,518 1,597 NA NA 4,460.1 8.6 R7,080.5 1987 79.054 326 R396,587 R1,637 8,639.9 4.6 4,736.4 8.4 R7,307.0 1988 82.709 338 R410,515 R1,679 9,359.5 4.4 5,100.4 8.0 R7,607.4 1989 84.786 344 R437,679 1,773 9,969.6 4.4 5,482.1 8.0 R7,879.2 1990 84.485 338 R472,653 1,893 10,511.1 4.5 5,800.5 8.1 R8,027.1 1991 84.438 334 R470,668 1,860 10,676.5 4.4 5,992.1 7.9 R8,008.3 1992 85.783 334 R475,644 R1,854 11,242.4 4.2 6,342.3 7.5 R8,280.0 1993 87.424 336 R491,231 R1,890 11,857.6 4.1 6,667.4 7.4 R8,516.2 1994 89.091 339 504,073 1,916 12,647.2 4.0 7,085.2 7.1 R8,863.1 1995 91.029 342 513,947 1,930 13,451.6 3.8 7,414.7 6.9 R9,086.0 1996 94.022 349 559,890 2,078 14,259.9 3.9 7,838.5 7.1 R9,425.8 1997 94.602 347 566,714 2,079 15,160.5 3.7 8,332.4 6.8 R9,845.9 1998 95.018 344 525,515 1,905 15,987.4 3.3 8,793.5 6.0 R10,274.7 1999 96.652 346 R556,379 1,994 17,017.4 3.3 9,353.5 5.9 R10,770.7 2000 R98.814 350 R685,902 2,431 18,305.7 3.7 9,951.5 6.9 R11,216.4 2001 96.168 337 694,484 R2,437 18,576.5 3.7 10,286.2 6.8 R11,337.5 2002 R97.645 R339 R662,414 R2,303 18,874.2 3.5 10,642.3 6.2 R11,543.1 2003 97.978 338 754,708 R2,601 19,832.3 3.8 R11,142.2 6.8 R11,836.4 2004 R100.162 342 R871,097 R2,975 21,267.7 4.1 R11,853.3 7.3 R12,246.9 2005 R100.282 339 R1,046,897 R3,543 23,046.9 4.5 R12,623.0 8.3 R12,623.0 2006 R99.629 334 R1,159,687 R3,887 24,477.0 4.7 R13,377.2 8.7 R12,958.5 2007 R101.296 336 R1,234,282 R4,097 25,819.7 4.8 R14,028.7 8.8 R13,206.4 2008 R99.275 326 R1,408,845 R4,633 26,561.9 5.3 R14,291.5 R9.9 R13,161.9 2009 R94.559 308 R1,061,220 R3,459 24,568.6 4.3 R13,939.0 R7.6 R12,703.1 2010 R97.722 R316 R1,204,827 R3,895 25,811.4 4.7 R14,526.5 R8.3 R13,088.0 2011P 97.301 312 NA NA NA NA 15,094.0 NA 13,315.1 

1 Expenditures include taxes where data are available. 2 Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See Table 11.1. 3 Gross output is the value of GDP plus the value of intermediate inputs used to produce GDP. 4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 In chained (2005) dollars. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/Sources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Energy Expendi

Product: Table D1. Population Data: Table D1. Gross Output: Uof Economic Analysis, Gross Domestic Product by Industry Data, GDioxide Emissions: Table 11.1. Other Columns: Calculated by U.
Figure 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption Estimates and Estimated Consumption per Cap

ConsumptionConsumption per Capita14 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

TX

CA

FL LA IL OH PA NY

GA IN MI NC VA NJ TN WA KY AL MO MN WI SC OK CO IA MD AZ MA MS KS AR OR NE UT CT WV NM NV AK WY ID N

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4

0

2

468

10

12

14

Quadrillion Btu

WY

AK LA

ND

IA TX SD NE KY IN OK AL KS MT MS WV AR SC TN MN ID OH NM GA MO WI US VA ME DC IL WA CO PA DE MI NC NJ UT MD OR NV 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0

Billion Btu

Source: Table 1.6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditure, and Price Estimates, 2010

Rank

Consumption Consumption per Capita Expenditures 1 Expenditures 1 per Capita 

Trillion Btu Million Btu Million Dollars 2 Dollars 2 

 1 Texas 11,769.9 Wyoming 948.1 Texas 137,532 Alaska 8,807 Haw 2 California 7,825.7 Alaska 898.5 California 117,003 Louisiana 8,661 Dist 3 Florida 4,381.9 Louisiana 894.4 New York 61,619 Wyoming 7,904 Con 4 Louisiana 4,065.4 North Dakota 712.6 Florida 60,172 North Dakota 6,740 Ver 5 Illinois 3,936.7 Iowa 489.3 Pennsylvania 48,701 Texas 5,446 New  6 Ohio 3,833.7 Texas 466.1 Ohio 45,081 Iowa 4,841 Mas 7 Pennsylvania 3,758.8 South Dakota 464.9 Illinois 44,989 Maine 4,746 Rho 8 New York 3,728.4 Nebraska 461.1 Louisiana 39,369 South Dakota 4,651 Del 9 Georgia 3,155.7 Kentucky 454.7 New Jersey 37,362 Montana 4,610 New  10 Indiana 2,871.1 Indiana 442.3 Georgia 37,338 Kentucky 4,526 Mar 11 Michigan 2,798.1 Oklahoma 412.6 Michigan 34,540 Alabama 4,494 Ariz 12 North Carolina 2,705.2 Alabama 409.5 North Carolina 32,989 Mississippi 4,446 Flor 13 Virginia 2,502.1 Kansas 407.6 Virginia 29,826 Nebraska 4,421 New  14 New Jersey 2,447.5 Montana 405.1 Indiana 27,374 Kansas 4,357 Nev 15 Tennessee 2,250.6 Mississippi 400.4 Tennessee 25,153 Vermont 4,344 Cal 16 Washington 2,036.5 West Virginia 398.4 Massachusetts 24,512 Oklahoma 4,268 Alas 17 Kentucky 1,976.5 Arkansas 385.3 Washington 22,893 West Virginia 4,251 Nor 18 Alabama 1,959.7 South Carolina 358.3 Missouri 22,885 New Jersey 4,246 Pen 19 Missouri 1,928.4 Tennessee 354.0 Maryland 21,517 Indiana 4,217 New  20 Minnesota 1,867.3 Minnesota 351.6 Alabama 21,507 Hawaii 4,191 Virg 21 Wisconsin 1,800.1 Idaho 339.7 Wisconsin 21,483 Arkansas 4,128 Ore 22 South Carolina 1,661.6 Ohio 332.3 Minnesota 20,869 South Carolina 4,034 Mai 23 Oklahoma 1,551.6 New Mexico 329.2 Kentucky 19,675 District of Columbia 4,033 Mis 24 Colorado 1,516.9 Georgia 324.9 Arizona 19,374 Delaware 4,019 Ten 25 Iowa 1,492.3 Missouri 321.6 South Carolina 18,705 Connecticut 3,977 Sou 26 Maryland 1,481.1 Wisconsin 316.3 Colorado 16,751 New Hampshire 3,971 Mic 27 Arizona 1,399.6 Virginia 311.8 Oklahoma 16,049 Tennessee 3,956 Wis 28 Massachusetts 1,396.9 Maine 306.8 Iowa 14,766 Minnesota 3,930 Was 29 Mississippi 1,189.2 District of Columbia 306.6 Connecticut 14,221 Ohio 3,907 Geo 30 Kansas 1,165.3 Illinois 306.5 Mississippi 13,206 Georgia 3,844 Ohi 31 Arkansas 1,125.6 Washington 302.0 Oregon 12,592 Pennsylvania 3,829 Mon 32 Oregon 977.1 Colorado 300.5 Kansas 12,457 Missouri 3,817 Kan 33 Nebraska 843.8 Pennsylvania 295.6 Arkansas 12,061 Wisconsin 3,774 Mis 34 Utah 763.7 Delaware 284.7 Nevada 9,294 Massachusetts 3,739 Alab 35 Connecticut 754.0 Michigan 283.3 Utah 8,332 Maryland 3,719 Tex 36 West Virginia 738.9 North Carolina 283.0 Nebraska 8,091 Virginia 3,717 Col 37 New Mexico 680.1 New Jersey 278.1 West Virginia 7,882 Idaho 3,622 Illin 38 Nevada 646.1 Utah 275.2 New Mexico 7,435 New Mexico 3,599 Wes 39 Alaska 641.7 Maryland 256.0 Maine 6,300 Rhode Island 3,506 Sou 40 Wyoming 535.3 Oregon 254.6 Alaska 6,289 Illinois 3,503 Ken 41 Idaho 533.8 Nevada 238.9 Hawaii 5,714 Michigan 3,497 Min 42 North Dakota 480.7 Vermont 235.9 Idaho 5,691 North Carolina 3,451 Okl 43 Maine 407.3 Florida 232.6 New Hampshire 5,229 Nevada 3,437 Ark 44 Montana 401.4 New Hampshire 224.4 Montana 4,568 Washington 3,395 Idah 45 South Dakota 379.6 Arizona 218.2 North Dakota 4,547 Colorado 3,319 Uta 46 New Hampshire 295.5 Massachusetts 213.1 Wyoming 4,462 Oregon 3,281 Neb 47 Hawaii 272.2 Connecticut 210.9 South Dakota 3,798 Florida 3,194 Iow 48 Delaware 256.2 California 209.6 Rhode Island 3,690 New York 3,177 Wyo 49 Rhode Island 197.2 Hawaii 199.6 Delaware 3,616 California 3,134 Indi 50 District of Columbia 185.5 New York 192.2 Vermont 2,719 Arizona 3,021 Lou 51 Vermont 147.6 Rhode Island 187.4 District of Columbia 2,439 Utah 3,002 Nor

 United States 3,497,710.6 United States 315.9 United States 51,204,827 United States 3,895 Uni

1 Prices and expenditures include taxes where data are available. 2 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 Includes -6.2 trillion Btu of coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States. 4 The U.S. consumption value in this table does not match those in Tables 1.1 and 1.3 because it:

1) does not include biodiesel; and 2) is the sum of State values, which use State average heat contents toconvert physical units of coal and natural gas to Btu. 5 Includes $158 million for coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.

Note: Rankings based on unrounded data.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/sedSources: Consumption: U.S. Energy Information Administratio

Consumption" (June 2012), Tables C10 and C11. Expenditures an2010: Prices and Expenditures" (June 2012), Table E15. "State Enedata by end-use sector and type of energy. Consumption estimates price and expenditure estimates are annual 1970 through 2010.
Figure 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2011

16 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

162

(1963)

October November December January February M

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Heating Degree-Days

Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)

2010- 2011 Heating Season

30-Year Monthly Normal1

Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.7.

4

(20

577

(1954)

687

(2006)

683

(1956)

396

(2001)

367

(1976)

668

(1976)

1,188

(1977)

1,070

(1989)

958

(1978)
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2011

Year January February March April May June July August September October Nove

 1949 858 701 611 330 128 21 7 9 94 209  1950 761 721 693 412 162 40 11 18 85 196  1955 927 759 600 272 121 48 9 6 56 237  1960 884 780 831 278 160 33 7 11 48 254  1965 907 780 738 355 114 48 11 14 78 271  1970 1,063 758 685 344 120 31 4 9 55 253  1975 821 742 686 449 117 37 5 13 100 235  1976 974 609 544 309 178 28 8 19 81 367  1977 1,188 751 529 270 119 38 6 13 59 295  1978 1,061 958 677 350 157 31 7 11 59 283  1979 1,079 950 575 364 148 37 6 15 58 271  1980 887 831 680 338 142 49 5 10 54 316  1981 984 689 620 260 165 25 6 11 76 327  1982 1,067 776 620 408 114 62 7 19 75 264  1983 874 706 588 421 189 35 6 5 53 251  1984 1,000 645 704 371 172 28 7 7 88 223  1985 1,057 807 557 260 123 47 5 17 69 243  1986 859 734 542 295 123 30 9 18 76 258  1987 920 714 573 309 107 20 8 13 61 345  1988 1,004 778 594 344 134 30 3 5 72 352  1989 789 832 603 344 163 32 5 14 73 259  1990 728 655 535 321 184 29 6 10 56 246  1991 921 639 564 287 98 30 6 7 69 242  1992 852 644 603 345 152 46 14 24 74 301  1993 860 827 664 368 128 38 11 9 89 302  1994 1,031 813 594 293 174 21 6 16 65 268  1995 847 750 556 375 174 31 4 7 77 233  1996 945 748 713 360 165 27 8 9 72 276  1997 932 672 552 406 198 31 7 16 63 273  1998 765 623 596 331 109 41 4 5 33 245  1999 861 647 645 319 139 31 5 12 62 275  2000 886 643 494 341 115 29 12 12 69 244  2001 935 725 669 302 115 29 8 6 69 260  2002 776 669 622 281 184 23 3 8 37 298  2003 944 801 572 344 165 41 4 5 62 260  2004 968 766 495 303 107 37 7 20 47 251  2005 859 676 648 305 186 25 3 6 39 236  2006 687 731 600 264 137 23 2 9 82 304  2007 841 853 502 372 111 24 5 7 44 175  2008 892 741 617 319 183 26 5 13 52 281  2009 969 705 583 330 132 40 14 12 60 330  2010 940 820 552 263 132 27 5 7 50 234  2011P 956 743 586 316 166 35 4 6 67 259 

Normal1 917 732 593 345 159 39 9 15 77 282 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Heating degree-days are deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heatingdegree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and thenational average.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual

• For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/month

Sources: • 1949-2010—U.S. Department of Commerc

Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data Center, AshevillSeries 5-1. Data are compiled from about 8,000 weather stationsof Commerce, NOAA, National Weather Service Climate PredDegree Days Statistics. The data are based on mean daily temweather stations around the country.
Figure 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2011

18 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

April May June July August Septemb

0

100200300400500

Cooling Degree-Days

Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)

2011 Cooling Season

30-Year Monthly Normal1

Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)

118

(1967)

268

(1950)

147

(1991)

228

(1992)

64

(1976)

161

(1955)

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.8.

2

(19

(20

13

(1983)

56

(2011)

411

(2011)

285

(2010)

366

(2007)
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2011

Year January February March April May June July August September October Nove

 1949 16 14 14 27 110 253 367 294 131 70  1950 27 12 13 21 105 201 268 244 128 78  1955 6 7 20 45 121 161 381 355 182 50  1960 7 4 6 37 76 215 301 302 181 59  1965 9 7 10 42 125 179 280 273 155 48  1970 3 4 10 36 104 201 323 313 185 48  1975 14 11 14 24 117 203 301 296 120 55  1976 5 11 23 27 64 208 282 243 127 27  1977 2 5 21 35 121 212 351 293 180 44  1978 3 1 10 31 93 218 310 300 180 52  1979 4 4 13 32 82 187 295 266 160 53  1980 9 4 13 23 95 199 374 347 192 42  1981 3 6 10 52 75 257 333 275 138 43  1982 6 10 21 26 115 165 318 262 140 47  1983 6 5 9 13 72 193 353 362 172 58  1984 5 6 14 24 92 233 291 312 143 70  1985 3 5 22 39 108 193 313 269 145 68  1986 8 10 17 33 106 231 340 259 161 52  1987 5 7 13 23 127 244 334 298 156 40  1988 5 5 13 28 89 218 359 348 149 45  1989 15 7 19 36 88 208 312 266 138 49  1990 15 14 21 29 86 234 316 291 172 57  1991 10 9 19 42 147 235 336 305 149 62  1992 6 10 15 29 77 170 286 228 150 49  1993 13 5 11 19 91 207 347 317 146 47  1994 7 9 18 37 76 262 328 263 141 50  1995 7 7 18 29 91 202 348 363 150 61  1996 7 6 8 26 116 226 299 287 139 45  1997 8 11 31 19 81 189 315 268 171 48  1998 12 7 10 23 135 228 350 337 215 62  1999 12 11 12 40 94 219 374 305 152 55  2000 10 10 25 28 131 221 284 302 156 50  2001 3 12 11 37 114 220 302 333 138 46  2002 8 6 17 53 92 243 370 332 202 57  2003 5 7 24 30 110 187 336 345 156 65  2004 6 6 28 29 138 208 299 252 177 67  2005 10 7 12 24 82 250 367 351 215 55  2006 13 5 18 53 109 236 388 337 138 46  2007 10 5 29 23 119 236 310 366 191 82  2008 7 11 17 31 91 264 334 283 171 48  2009 7 7 17 29 117 222 284 307 169 47  2010 3 2 7 34 126 285 380 356 195 55  2011P 3 10 20 56 120 256 411 347 184 46 

Normal1 R 9 8 18 R30 R97 R213 R321 R290 R155 R53 R

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Cooling degree-days are deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 78° F would report 13 coolingdegree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and thenational average.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual

• For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/month

Sources: • 1949-2010—U.S. Department of Commerc

Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data Center, AshevillSeries 5-2. Data are compiled from about 8,000 weather stationsof Commerce, NOAA, National Weather Service Climate PredDegree Days Statistics. The data are based on mean daily temweather stations around the country.
Figure 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S.1 Heating Degree-Days, 1949-2011Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 201120 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Degree-Days 30-Year Normal2

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.Source: Table 1.9.

England Atlantic Central Central Central Atlantic Central

6,135

5,414

6,186

6,641

2,598

3,387

2,222

6,612

5,910

6,498 6,750

2,853

3,603

2,286

5,2

New Middle East North West North South East South West South 

0

2,0004,0006,0008,000

Degree-Days
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2011

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 5,829 5,091 5,801 6,479 2,367 2,942 2,133 5,483  1950 6,470 5,765 6,619 7,136 2,713 3,315 1,974 4,930  1955 6,577 5,708 6,101 6,630 2,786 3,314 2,083 5,517  1960 6,561 5,901 6,544 6,884 3,147 3,958 2,551 5,328  1965 6,825 5,933 6,284 6,646 2,830 3,374 2,078 5,318  1970 6,839 5,943 6,455 6,835 2,997 3,685 2,396 5,436  1975 6,362 5,477 6,169 6,678 2,640 3,336 2,187 5,693  1976 6,839 6,097 6,768 6,670 3,040 3,881 2,446 5,303  1977 6,579 5,889 6,538 6,506 3,047 3,812 2,330 5,060  1978 7,061 6,330 7,095 7,324 3,187 4,062 2,764 5,370  1979 6,348 5,851 6,921 7,369 2,977 3,900 2,694 5,564  1980 6,900 6,143 6,792 6,652 3,099 3,855 2,378 5,052  1981 6,612 5,989 6,446 6,115 3,177 3,757 2,162 4,671  1982 6,697 5,866 6,542 7,000 2,721 3,357 2,227 5,544  1983 6,305 5,733 6,423 6,901 3,057 3,892 2,672 5,359  1984 6,442 5,777 6,418 6,582 2,791 3,451 2,194 5,592  1985 6,571 5,660 6,546 7,119 2,736 3,602 2,466 5,676  1986 6,517 5,665 6,150 6,231 2,686 3,294 2,058 4,870  1987 6,546 5,699 5,810 5,712 2,937 3,466 2,292 5,153  1988 6,715 6,088 6,590 6,634 3,122 3,800 2,346 5,148  1989 6,887 6,134 6,834 6,996 2,944 3,713 2,439 5,173  1990 5,848 4,998 5,681 6,011 2,230 2,929 1,944 5,146  1991 5,960 5,177 5,906 6,319 2,503 3,211 2,178 5,259  1992 6,844 5,964 6,297 6,262 2,852 3,498 2,145 5,054  1993 6,728 5,948 6,646 7,168 2,981 3,768 2,489 5,514  1994 6,672 5,934 6,378 6,509 2,724 3,394 2,108 5,002  1995 6,559 5,831 6,664 6,804 2,967 3,626 2,145 4,953  1996 6,679 5,986 6,947 7,345 3,106 3,782 2,285 5,011  1997 6,661 5,809 6,617 6,761 2,845 3,664 2,418 5,188  1998 5,680 4,812 5,278 5,774 2,429 3,025 2,021 5,059  1999 5,952 5,351 5,946 5,921 2,652 3,142 1,835 4,768  2000 6,489 5,774 6,284 6,456 2,959 3,548 2,194 4,881  2001 6,055 5,323 5,824 6,184 2,641 3,312 2,187 4,895  2002 6,099 5,372 6,122 6,465 2,671 3,420 2,307 5,018  2003 6,851 6,090 6,528 6,539 2,891 3,503 2,230 4,605  2004 6,612 5,749 6,199 6,290 2,748 3,289 2,088 4,844  2005 6,551 5,804 6,241 6,202 2,844 3,402 2,051 4,759  2006 5,809 5,050 5,712 5,799 2,535 3,239 1,863 4,778  2007 6,501 5,623 6,096 6,374 2,584 3,213 2,156 4,830  2008 6,395 5,643 6,696 7,112 2,782 3,641 2,178 5,114  2009 6,646 5,799 6,540 6,837 2,879 3,588 2,212 5,016  2010 5,942 5,455 6,207 6,584 3,219 3,994 2,521 4,954  2011P 6,135 5,414 6,186 6,641 2,598 3,387 2,222 5,120 

Normal2 6,612 5,910 6,498 6,750 2,853 3,603 2,286 5,209 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Heating degree-days are

deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heating degree-days. • Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population.Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the 2000 population. The population-weighted State figuresare aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. • See Appendix C for map of Census

divisions.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual

• For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/month

Sources: • 1949-2010—U.S. Department of Commerc

Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data Center, AshevillSeries 5-1. Data are compiled from about 8,000 weather stationsof Commerce, NOAA, National Weather Service Climate PredDegree Days Statistics. The data are the sum of monthly temperatures recorded at about 200 major weather stations aroun
Figure 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S.1 Cooling Degree-Days, 1949-2011Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 201122 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Degree-Days

30-Year Normal2

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.Source: Table 1.10.

608

887 897

1,118

2,332

1,817

3,172

417

656 709

927

1,964

1,547

2,449

1,2

New Middle East North West North South East South West South 

0

1,0002,0003,0004,000

Degree-Days

30-Year Normal2 2011

England Atlantic Central Central Central Atlantic Central
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2011

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 654 901 949 1,038 2,128 1,776 2,510 1,198  1950 353 542 602 729 1,919 1,568 2,473 1,120  1955 602 934 1,043 1,238 2,045 1,791 2,643 1,124  1960 368 640 722 961 1,926 1,613 2,492 1,308  1965 352 638 688 914 1,931 1,634 2,579 961  1970 479 779 827 1,066 2,007 1,662 2,375 1,163  1975 467 708 788 1,003 2,011 1,520 2,261 1,031  1976 402 597 619 939 1,675 1,232 2,035 1,058  1977 407 689 823 1,122 2,020 1,808 2,720 1,256  1978 378 615 741 1,027 1,972 1,685 2,638 1,174  1979 434 588 618 871 1,833 1,412 2,242 1,164  1980 487 793 816 1,217 2,075 1,834 2,734 1,202  1981 436 657 658 924 1,889 1,576 2,498 1,331  1982 321 541 643 859 1,958 1,537 2,502 1,121  1983 538 799 934 1,178 1,925 1,579 2,288 1,174  1984 468 649 724 955 1,865 1,508 2,469 1,190  1985 372 627 643 830 2,004 1,596 2,599 1,210  1986 301 626 738 1,021 2,149 1,792 2,618 1,188  1987 406 729 918 1,115 2,067 1,718 2,368 1,196  1988 545 782 975 1,230 1,923 1,582 2,422 1,320  1989 426 658 652 864 1,977 1,417 2,295 1,330  1990 477 656 647 983 2,143 1,622 2,579 1,294  1991 511 854 959 1,125 2,197 1,758 2,499 1,182  1992 276 460 449 637 1,777 1,293 2,201 1,206  1993 486 764 735 817 2,092 1,622 2,369 1,113  1994 548 722 664 887 2,005 1,448 2,422 1,436  1995 507 803 921 985 2,081 1,671 2,448 1,234  1996 400 623 629 821 1,867 1,474 2,515 1,381  1997 395 586 574 873 1,886 1,393 2,361 1,335  1998 505 788 889 1,138 2,277 1,928 3,026 1,271  1999 631 882 855 970 2,024 1,733 2,645 1,242  2000 317 542 658 1,023 1,929 1,736 2,787 1,488  2001 519 722 744 1,028 1,891 1,535 2,565 1,498  2002 570 863 933 1,087 2,209 1,808 2,545 1,543  2003 522 685 645 946 2,007 1,494 2,522 1,639  2004 402 670 604 752 2,037 1,549 2,485 1,376  2005 642 990 960 1,094 2,081 1,696 2,636 1,457  2006 528 778 752 1,079 2,037 1,670 2,776 1,586  2007 484 788 900 1,135 2,212 1,927 2,488 1,663  2008 497 745 698 847 1,987 1,560 2,494 1,504  2009 362 587 547 720 2,025 1,497 2,570 1,504  2010 657 997 975 1,123 2,267 2,004 2,750 1,450  2011P 608 887 897 1,118 2,332 1,817 3,172 1,368 

Normal2 R 417 R 656 R 709 R 927 R1,964 R1,547 R2,449 R1,243 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Cooling degree-days are

deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 78° F would report 13 cooling degree-days. • Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population.Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the 2000 population. The population-weighted State figures areaggregated into Census divisions and the national average. • See Appendix C for map of Census

divisions.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual

• For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/month

Sources: • 1949-2010—U.S. Department of Commerc

Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data Center, AshevillSeries 5-2. Data are compiled from about 8,000 weather stationsof Commerce, NOAA, National Weather Service Climate PredDegree Days Statistics. The data are the sum of monthly temperatures recorded at about 200 major weather stations aroun
Figure 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency

Total and U.S. Department of Defense, Fiscal Years U.S. Department of Defense and Non-Defense 1975-2011 1975-2011Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Year 201124 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 General Services Administration.2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.4 See Table 1.11 for list of agencies.

Note: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 

1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30. 

Source: Table 1.11.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

400800

1,2001,600

Trillion BtuNon-Defense 

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

400800

1,2001,600

Trillion Btu

Defense

44.4

33.4

30.6

18.5

13.9

10.5 10.1

8.3 8.3 

Postal Energy Veterans GSA1 Justice HHS2 NASA3 Interior Agriculture 

0

1020304050

Trillion Btu

Service Affairs
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2011

 (Trillion Btu)

Year Agriculture Defense Energy GSA 1 HHS 2 Interior Justice NASA 3

Postal

Service

Transportation Vete

Aff

1975 9.5 1,360.2 50.4 22.3 6.5 9.4 5.9 13.4 30.5 19.3 1976 9.3 1,183.3 50.3 20.6 6.7 9.4 5.7 12.4 30.0 19.5 1977 8.9 1,192.3 51.6 20.4 6.9 9.5 5.9 12.0 32.7 20.4 1978 9.1 1,157.8 50.1 20.4 6.5 9.2 5.9 11.2 30.9 20.6 1979 9.2 1,175.8 49.6 19.6 6.4 10.4 6.4 11.1 29.3 19.6 1980 8.6 1,183.1 47.4 18.1 6.0 8.5 5.7 10.4 27.2 19.2 1981 7.9 1,239.5 47.3 18.0 6.7 7.6 5.4 10.0 27.9 18.8 1982 7.6 1,264.5 49.0 18.1 6.4 7.4 5.8 10.1 27.5 19.1 1983 7.4 1,248.3 49.5 16.1 6.2 7.7 5.5 10.3 26.5 19.4 1984 7.9 1,292.1 51.6 16.2 6.4 8.4 6.4 10.6 27.7 19.8 1985 8.4 1,250.6 52.2 20.7 6.0 7.8 8.2 10.9 27.8 19.6 1986 6.8 1,222.8 46.9 14.0 6.2 6.9 8.6 11.2 28.0 19.4 1987 7.3 1,280.5 48.5 13.1 6.6 6.6 8.1 11.3 28.5 19.0 1988 7.8 1,165.8 49.9 12.4 6.4 7.0 9.4 11.3 29.6 18.7 1989 8.7 1,274.4 44.2 12.7 6.7 7.1 7.7 12.4 30.3 18.5 1990 9.6 1,241.7 43.5 17.5 7.1 7.4 7.0 12.4 30.6 19.0 1991 9.6 1,269.3 42.1 14.0 6.2 7.1 8.0 12.5 30.8 19.0 1992 9.1 1,104.0 44.3 13.8 6.8 7.0 7.5 12.6 31.7 17.0 1993 9.3 1,048.8 43.4 14.1 7.2 7.5 9.1 12.4 33.7 19.4 1994 9.4 977.0 42.1 14.0 7.5 7.9 10.3 12.6 35.0 19.8 1995 9.0 926.0 47.3 13.7 6.1 6.4 10.2 12.4 36.2 18.7 1996 9.1 904.5 44.6 14.5 6.6 4.3 12.1 11.5 36.4 19.6 1997 7.4 880.0 43.1 14.4 7.9 6.6 12.0 12.0 40.8 19.1 1998 7.9 837.1 31.5 14.1 7.4 6.4 15.8 11.7 39.5 18.5 1999 7.8 810.7 27.0 14.4 7.1 7.5 15.4 11.4 39.8 22.6 2000 7.4 779.1 30.5 17.6 8.0 7.8 19.7 11.1 43.3 21.2 2001 7.4 787.2 31.1 18.4 8.5 9.5 19.7 10.9 43.4 17.8 2002 7.2 837.5 30.7 17.5 8.0 8.2 17.7 10.7 41.6 18.3 2003 7.7 902.3 31.6 19.6 10.1 8.2 22.7 10.8 50.9 5.6 2004 7.0 960.7 31.4 18.3 8.8 8.7 17.5 9.9 50.5 5.2 2005 7.5 933.2 29.6 18.4 9.6 8.6 18.8 10.3 53.5 5.0 2006 6.8 843.7 32.9 18.2 9.3 8.1 23.5 10.2 51.8 4.6 2007 6.8 864.6 31.5 19.1 9.9 7.5 20.7 10.6 45.8 5.6 2008 6.5 893.0 31.5 18.8 10.5 7.9 18.9 10.2 47.0 6.4 2009 6.6 R874.3 31.1 18.6 10.8 7.9 16.5 10.2 44.2 4.3 2010 6.8 R889.3 R31.7 18.8 10.3 8.3 R15.7 10.1 R42.3 5.7 2011P 8.3 890.3 33.4 18.5 10.5 8.3 13.9 10.1 44.4 6.7 

1 General Services Administration. 2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Tennessee

Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation, Federal Trade Commission,Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of HomelandSecurity, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, EqualEmployment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S.Department of the Treasury, Small Business Administration, Office of Personnel Management, CentralIntelligence Agency, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Social Security Administration, U.S.Information Agency (International Broadcasting Bureau), Corporation for National Community Service,Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency, Federal Housing Finance Agency, National LaborRelations Board, Securities and Exchange Commission, National Capital Planning Commission, Office ofSpecial Counsel, and Peace Corps and Broadcasting Board of Governors.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal yea

in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through 2011 is October 2010 through September 2011). • Data in this conversion factors (which in most cases are different from thosBtu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasolinemillion Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied pemotor gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kiBtu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign installaaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department ofor electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/regul

information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Effi

Energy Management Program. 
Figure 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2011

Total U.S. Government Energy ConsumptionBy Major Energy Source By Selected Petroleum Product26 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.2 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 

Note: U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in 1975

and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30.Source: Table 1.12.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.81.0

1.2

Quadrillion Btu

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.8

Quadrillion Btu

1.57

1.38 1.40 1.36 1.38 1.37 1.42 1.45 1.43 1.48 1.45 1.41 1.47 1.36 1.46 1.44 1.46

1.29 1.25

1.18 1.13 1.11 1.09

1.04 1.01 0.99 1.00 1.04

1.14 1.19 

1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

1.51.8

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity

Natural Gas

Coal

Petroleum
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2011

 (Trillion Btu)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 1

Petroleum

Electricity

Aviation

Gasoline Fuel Oil 2 Jet Fuel

LPG 3

and Other 4

Motor

Gasoline 5 Total

1975 77.9 166.2 22.0 376.0 707.4 5.6 63.2 1,174.2 141.5 1976 71.3 151.8 11.6 329.7 610.0 4.7 60.4 1,016.4 139.3 1977 68.4 141.2 8.8 348.5 619.2 4.1 61.4 1,042.1 141.1 1978 66.0 144.7 6.2 332.3 601.1 3.0 60.1 1,002.9 141.0 1979 65.1 148.9 4.7 327.1 618.6 3.7 59.1 1,013.1 141.2 1980 63.5 147.3 4.9 307.7 638.7 4.0 56.5 1,011.8 141.9 1981 65.1 142.2 4.6 351.3 653.3 3.7 53.2 1,066.2 144.5 1982 68.6 146.2 3.6 349.4 672.7 3.9 53.1 1,082.8 147.5 1983 62.4 147.8 2.6 329.5 673.4 4.0 51.6 1,061.1 151.5 1984 65.3 157.4 1.9 342.9 693.7 4.1 51.2 1,093.8 155.9 1985 64.8 149.9 1.9 292.6 705.7 4.0 50.4 1,054.6 167.2 1986 63.8 140.9 1.4 271.6 710.2 3.9 45.3 1,032.4 155.8 1987 67.0 145.6 1.0 319.5 702.3 4.0 43.1 1,069.9 169.9 1988 60.2 144.6 6.0 284.8 617.2 3.2 41.2 952.4 171.2 1989 48.7 152.4 .8 245.3 761.7 5.7 41.1 1,054.5 188.6 1990 44.3 159.4 .5 245.2 732.4 6.4 37.2 1,021.7 193.6 1991 45.9 154.1 .4 232.6 774.5 9.0 34.1 1,050.7 192.7 1992 51.7 151.2 1.0 200.6 628.2 11.4 35.6 876.8 192.5 1993 38.3 152.9 .7 187.0 612.4 9.3 34.5 843.9 193.1 1994 35.0 143.9 .6 198.5 550.7 10.9 29.5 790.2 190.9 1995 31.7 149.7 .3 178.5 522.3 11.4 31.9 744.4 185.3 1996 23.3 147.4 .2 170.6 513.0 21.7 27.6 733.2 184.5 1997 22.5 154.0 .3 180.1 475.7 17.2 39.0 712.2 184.0 1998 23.9 140.7 .2 174.6 445.5 9.4 43.1 672.8 181.8 1999 21.2 137.6 .1 162.2 444.7 2.9 41.1 650.9 180.4 2000 22.7 134.0 .2 171.4 403.1 4.3 43.9 622.9 194.0 2001 18.8 133.9 .2 177.0 415.2 7.9 42.5 642.9 188.8 2002 16.9 134.1 .2 165.7 472.9 6.0 41.3 686.1 189.1 2003 17.7 139.7 .3 189.8 517.9 6.6 45.7 760.3 196.1 2004 17.4 134.8 .2 259.8 508.2 6.0 43.5 817.8 195.4 2005 17.1 135.1 .4 239.8 492.2 9.0 48.2 789.6 195.9 2006 23.5 132.0 .6 207.8 442.6 4.7 47.8 703.5 194.9 2007 20.4 130.8 .4 211.4 461.1 5.6 46.0 724.5 193.2 2008 20.8 128.9 .4 181.4 524.3 4.6 48.1 758.8 193.6 2009 20.3 R131.4 .3 R164.8 505.6 R13.3 R47.7 R731.7 R191.5 2010 20.1 R129.3 .4 R158.4 535.8 4.8 R51.3 R750.7 R195.1 2011P 18.6 125.7 .9 167.3 533.6 4.7 52.5 759.0 195.9 

1 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil. 3 Liquefied petroleum gases. 4 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,

compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.

5 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 "Other" is chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginning

in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through September 30 (for example, fiscal year2011 is October 2010 through September 2011). • Data in this table are developed using the followingconversion factors (which in most cases are different from those in Tables A1–A6)—coal: 24.580 million

Btu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasoline

million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petrolegasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowBtu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign installaaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department ofor electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/regul

information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency 

Management Program. 
Figure 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 200

By AgencyBy Source28 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Includes small amount of renewable energy; see Table 1.13, footnote 8.2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.3 Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.4 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.5 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 

6Aviation gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and other ty

equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanbiodiesel.

Note: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from OctobeSource: Table 1.13.

695

104

69

22

64 92 

689

103

73

24

62

92

697

101 77

28

63

95

63

Petroleum1 Electricity Natural Gas2 Coal, Purchased Petroleum1 Electricity Na

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu

2003 2010 2011

Department of Defense All Other Agen

Steam, and Other3 

Stea

Gasoline5 Petroleum6

534

167

53 6

759

196

126

536

158

51 5

751

195

129

518

190

46 7

760

196

140

40

Jet Fuel Fuel Oil Motor All Other Total Electricity Natural Gas2 Coa

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Trillion Btu

2003 2010 2011

Petroleum1

4
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2010, an

 (Trillion Btu)

Resource

and Fiscal Years Agriculture Defense Energy GSA 1 HHS 2 Interior Justice NASA 3

Postal

Service

Transportation Vetera

Affai

Coal

 2003 ..................................... (s) 15.4 2.0 0.0 (s) (s) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2  2010 ..................................... (s) 15.5 4.5 .0 0.0 0.0 .0 .0 (s) .0 .1  2011 P .................................. 0.0 14.3 4.2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 (s) .0 .1 

Natural Gas 5

 2003 ..................................... 1.4 76.6 7.0 7.6 3.7 1.3 8.6 2.9 10.4 .7 15.6  2010 ..................................... 1.4 72.9 7.1 7.0 5.9 1.1 6.8 2.6 4.5 .3 14.9 

 2011 P .................................. 1.7 68.6 7.4 7.1 5.9 1.2 4.2 2.5 6.3 .8 15.1 

Petroleum

 2003 ..................................... 3.3 697.1 3.0 .2 1.5 4.4 6.5 1.4 18.2 1.6 2.8  2010 ..................................... 3.2 688.8 2.8 .2 .8 3.8 3.4 1.2 19.4 1.5 2.1 

 2011 P .................................. 4.6 695.3 3.6 .2 .9 3.7 4.1 1.1 20.5 1.1 2.3 

 Aviation Gasoline

 2003 ..................................... (s) (s) (s) .0 .0 (s) .1 (s) .0 (s) .0  2010 ..................................... (s) .2 .0 .0 .0 (s) .1 (s) .0 (s) .0 

 2011 P .................................. .1 .2 .0 .0 .0 (s) .1 (s) .0 (s) .0 

 Fuel Oil 6

 2003 ..................................... .4 166.5 2.0 .1 .9 1.2 .4 .4 5.1 .3 1.9  2010 ..................................... .6 138.2 1.6 .1 .6 1.3 .3 .3 4.6 .2 1.1 

 2011 P .................................. .6 146.1 2.4 .1 .6 1.4 .3 .2 4.9 .1 1.1 

 Jet Fuel

 2003 ..................................... .0 509.9 (s) .0 .0 .1 1.5 .6 .0 .6 .0  2010 ..................................... .0 529.0 .2 .0 .0 (s) .2 .8 .0 .5 .0  2011 P .................................. .9 526.7 .2 .0 .0 (s) .6 .7 .0 .5 .0 

 LPG 7 and Other 8

 2003 ..................................... .7 4.2 .1 (s) .1 .7 (s) .1 .2 .1 (s 2010 ..................................... .4 2.7 .4 (s) .1 .4 .1 .1 .3 (s) .1  2011 P .................................. .4 2.6 .4 (s) .1 .2 .2 .1 .3 (s) .1 

 Motor Gasoline 9

 2003 ..................................... 2.2 16.5 .9 .1 .5 2.4 4.5 .2 12.9 .7 .9  2010 ..................................... 2.2 18.6 .6 .1 .2 2.1 2.8 .1 14.5 .6 .9 

 2011 P .................................. 2.6 19.7 .7 .1 .2 2.0 3.0 .1 15.4 .4 1.1 

Electricity

 2003 ..................................... 2.6 101.1 18.0 10.0 3.6 2.4 7.0 5.8 21.7 3.2 10.2  2010 ..................................... 1.9 R103.2 R17.1 9.9 3.4 R2.7 5.4 R 5.4 17.8 R4.0 R11.

 2011 P .................................. 1.8 104.1 17.9 9.5 3.5 2.7 5.3 5.4 16.9 4.1 11.4 

Purchased Steam and Other 10

 2003 ..................................... .3 12.2 1.6 1.8 1.3 .1 .7 .8 .7 (s) 1.7  2010 ..................................... .3 R 8.8 R .2 1.8 .1 .8 .1 R .8 .5 R(s) 2.0 

 2011 P .................................. .2 8.0 .4 1.8 .2 .7 .4 1.1 .7 .7 1.7 

Total Energy

 2003 ..................................... 7.7 902.3 31.6 19.6 10.1 8.2 22.7 10.8 50.9 5.6 30.5  2010 ..................................... 6.8 R889.3 R31.7 18.8 10.3 8.3 R15.7 10.1 R42.3 5.7 30.2 

 2011 P .................................. 8.3 890.3 33.4 18.5 10.5 8.3 13.9 10.1 44.4 6.7 30.6 

1 General Services Administration. 2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Tennessee

Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation, Federal Trade Commission,Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of HomelandSecurity, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, EqualEmployment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S.Department of the Treasury, Office of Personnel Management, Consumer Product Safety Commission,Central Intelligence Agency, Social Security Administration, U.S. Information Agency (InternationalBroadcasting Bureau), Corporation for National Community Service, Court Services and OffenderSupervision Agency, Federal Housing Finance Agency, National Labor Relations Board, Small BusinessAdministration, Securities and Exchange Commission, National Capital Planning Commission, Office ofSpecial Counsel, and Peace Corps and Broadcasting Board of Governors.

5 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil. 7 Liquefied petroleum gases. 8 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,

compressed natural gas, and biodiesel. 9 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

10 Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 trillion. Notes: • Beginning in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is Octo

example, fiscal year 2011 is October 2010 through September 2011). • using the following conversion factors (which in most cases are A1-A6)—coal: 24.580 million Btu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubmillion Btu/barrel; fuel oil: 5.8254 million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 milliogases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel; motor gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; eand purchased steam: 1,000 Btu/pound. • Data include energy consumforeign operations, including aviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by tU.S. Government energy use for electricity generation and uranium enrichnot equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/regulations/fa

information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Re

Management Program. 
Figure 1.14 Sales of Fossil Fuels Produced on Federal and American Indian Lands

Total, Fiscal Years1 2003-2011 Federal and American Indian Lands Fossil Fue

U.S. Fossil Fuels Production, Fiscal Years1 200

By Source, Fiscal Years1 2003-2011 Federal and American Indian Lands Fossil Fue

U.S. Fossil Fuels Production, By Source, Fisca

30 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from October 1 through September 30. The fiscal

year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends.

Source: Table 1.14.

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2

09

18273645

Percent

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

43

32

Coal Crude Oil and Natu

0

1020304050

Percent

Lease Condensate

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Coal

Natural Gas

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.14 Sales of Fossil Fuels Produced on Federal and American Indian Lands, Fiscal Years 20

Fiscal

Year 7

Crude Oil and

Lease Condensate 

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids 1 Natural Gas 2 Coal 3

Sales 5,6

Sales asShare of

Total U.S.

Production Sales 5,6

Sales asShare of

Total U.S.

Production Sales 5,6

Sales asShare of

Total U.S.

Production Sales 5,6

SS

T

Pr

Million

Barrels

Quadrillion

Btu Percent

Million

Barrels

Quadrillion

Btu Percent

Trillion

Cubic Feet

Quadrillion

Btu Percent

Million

Short Tons

Quadrillion

Btu 

 2003 R689 R4.00 R33.3 R94 R0.35 R14.9 R7.08 R7.81 R35.5 R466 R9.58  2004 R680 R3.94 R33.8 R105 R.39 R16.0 R6.68 R7.38 R34.0 R484 R9.89  2005 R649 R3.76 R33.4 R98 .36 R15.0 R6.38 R7.04 R33.3 R482 R9.81  2006 R582 R3.37 R31.8 R87 R.32 R14.2 R5.85 R6.46 R30.8 R458 R9.31  2007 R629 R3.65 R33.9 R107 R.40 R16.6 R5.83 R6.42 R29.2 R471 R9.57  2008 R575 R3.34 R31.5 R106 R.39 R15.9 R5.82 R6.40 R27.7 R509 R10.30  2009 R642 R3.72 R33.7 R93 R.34 R13.8 R5.64 R6.21 R26.1 R488 R9.78  2010 R739 R4.29 R37.2 R115 R.42 R15.4 R5.42 R5.95 R24.6 R478 R9.62  2011P 646 3.74 31.7 111 .41 14.3 4.86 5.33 20.6 470 9.47 

1 Includes those quantities for which royalties were paid based on the value of the natural gas plant

liquids produced. Additional quantities of natural gas plant liquids were produced; however, the royaltiespaid were based on the value of natural gas processed. These latter quantities are included with naturalgas.

2 Sales and production volumes are for marketed production. See "Natural Gas Marketed Production"

in Glossary. 3 Excludes waste coal. See "Waste Coal" in Glossary. 4 The sum of crude oil and lease condensate, natural gas plant liquids, natural gas, and coal. 5 Sales of fossil fuels produced in offshore and onshore areas the Federal Government owns oradministers, including American Indian lands.

6 Sales volumes are reported for the fiscal year in which the sales occurred as opposed to the date of

the royalty payment. Volumes include fossil fuels for which royalties were paid, as well as those amountsexempt from royalty payments, such as additions to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

7 The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from October 1 through September 30. The fiscal year is

designated by the calendar year in which it ends.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Sources: Sales, Physical Data (Columns 1, 4, 7, and 10): U.S. Department of the Interior, Office

of Natural Resources Revenue (ONRR), data for "Sales Year" (as opposed to "Accounting Year")revenue and non-revenue sales volumes (as of Feb. 6, 2012). For natural gas, the ONRR "Gas" datahave been adjusted to remove nitrogen (using unpublished ONRR data). See http://www.onrr.gov/ONRRWebStats/Disbursements_Royalties.aspx?report=AllReportedRoyaltyRevenues&yeartype=

FY&year=2011&datetype=PY and http://www.onrr.gov/ONRRW

report=AllNonRevenueVolumesByCategoryAndCommodity&yeartySales, Btu Data (Columns 2, 5, 8, 11, and 13): Calculated by th(EIA). Monthly estimates of the ONRR physical sales data are cre12. These monthly estimates are converted to Btu using the appr(crude oil and natural gas plants liquids production factors in Tafactors in Table A4; and coal production factors in Table A5). estimates are calculated by summing the October-September mototal fossil fuels, the fiscal-year Btu estimates are the sum of thlease condensate, natural gas plant liquids, natural gas, and Production: Calculated by EIA by dividing fiscal-year Btu data U.S. production, then multiplying by 100. For crude oil and lease values from the Monthly Energy Review (MER) (May 2012), Table oil production factors in Table A2. For natural gas plant liquids tothe MER (May 2012), Table 3.1, are converted to Btu using the nin Table A2. For natural gas total U.S. marketed production, mTable 4.1, are converted to Btu using the natural gas marketed total U.S. production, monthly values from the MER (May 2012), coal production factors in Table A5. For the individual fuels, fiscacalculated by summing the October-September monthly Btu valutotal U.S. production, the fiscal-year Btu values are the sum of values for crude oil and lease condensate, natural gas plant liquid
Figure 1.15 Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels

Total, 1980-2011 As Share of Total Energy Consumption, 1980-2By Fuel, 2011 By Petroleum Product, 201132 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Liquefied petroleum gases and pentanes plus are aggregated to avoid disclosure of proprietary information. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products. (s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu. Note: See Note 2, “Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels” a

Source: Table 1.15.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Gas

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0369

Percent

Total

Petroleum Products

Coal

2.0

1.0

0.9

0.3

LPG1 Petro- Asphalt Lubri- 

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Quadrillion Btu

4.5

0.4

(s)

Petroleum Products Natural Gas Coal

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

and

Road Oil

cants 

chemical

Feedstocks
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 1.15 Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels, Selected Years, 1980-2011

Year

Petroleum Products

Natural

Gas 4 Coal 

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases 1 Lubricants

Petrochemical

Feedstocks 2

Petroleum

Coke

Special

Naphthas Other 3 Total

Physical Units 5

1980 145 230 58 253 R14 37 58 R795 639 2.4 1985 156 R278 53 144 R16 30 41 R719 500 1.1 1990 176 R373 60 199 20 20 39 R887 R567 .6 1991 162 R426 53 203 17 17 44 R922 573 .6 1992 166 R448 54 214 R28 20 35 R966 R606 1.2 1993 174 R436 55 216 R18 20 35 R955 R640 .9 1994 176 R483 58 224 R21 15 35 R1,013 673 .9 1995 178 R479 57 215 R20 13 33 R996 R695 .9 1996 177 R502 55 217 R20 14 33 R1,019 R718 .9 1997 184 R501 58 250 R15 14 34 R1,056 R740 .9 1998 190 R485 61 252 25 20 39 R1,073 762 .8 1999 200 R566 62 238 36 28 37 R1,166 R736 .8 2000 192 R545 61 243 16 19 38 R1,114 R710 .8 2001 189 R492 56 214 29 15 39 R1,034 R683 .7 2002 187 R526 55 229 24 20 38 R1,078 657 .7 2003 184 R511 51 247 20 15 36 R1,064 R592 .7 2004 196 R536 52 287 36 10 34 R1,151 R528 .7 2005 199 R498 51 266 31 12 34 R1,092 R463 .7 2006 R190 R521 42 265 35 13 41 R1,108 R398 .6 2007 180 R526 52 242 33 15 40 R1,089 R398 .6 2008 152 R484 48 210 37 16 41 R989 R398 .6 2009 R132 R532 43 185 R30 9 41 R972 R398 .4 2010 132 R581 48 R196 R10 5 43 R1,015 R398 .6 2011P 130 575 46 187 11 4 44 996 398 .6 

Quadrillion Btu

1980 0.96 0.78 0.35 1.43 R0.09 0.19 0.34 R4.14 0.65 0.08 1985 1.03 R.96 .32 .82 R.10 .16 .24 3.63 .52 .03 1990 1.17 R1.33 .36 1.12 .12 .11 .23 R4.44 R.58 .02 1991 1.08 R1.52 .32 1.15 .11 .09 .26 R4.52 .59 .02 1992 1.10 R1.61 .33 1.20 .17 .10 .21 R4.73 R.63 .04 1993 1.15 R1.55 .34 1.22 R.11 .10 .20 R4.68 R.66 .03 1994 1.17 R1.75 .35 1.26 R.13 .08 .20 4.95 .69 .03 1995 1.18 R1.72 .35 1.21 R.12 .07 .20 R4.85 R.71 .03 1996 1.18 R1.80 .34 1.21 R.12 .07 .20 R4.91 R.74 .03 1997 1.22 R1.80 .35 1.40 R.09 .07 .20 R5.13 R.76 .03 1998 1.26 1.73 .37 1.40 .15 .11 .23 R5.26 .79 .03 1999 1.32 R2.04 .37 1.33 .22 .15 .22 R5.64 R.76 .03 2000 1.28 R1.96 .37 1.35 .10 .10 .22 R5.37 R.73 .03 2001 1.26 R1.76 .34 1.19 .17 .08 .23 R5.03 R.70 .02 2002 1.24 R1.87 .33 1.27 .15 .10 .22 R5.19 .68 .02 2003 1.22 R1.83 .31 1.37 .12 .08 .21 R5.15 R.61 .02 2004 1.30 R1.92 .31 1.59 .22 .05 .20 R5.59 R.54 .02 2005 1.32 R1.78 .31 1.47 .19 .06 .20 R5.34 R.48 .02 2006 1.26 R1.85 .25 1.48 .21 .07 .24 R5.37 R.41 .02 2007 1.20 R1.86 .31 1.35 .20 .08 .24 R5.23 R.41 .02 2008 1.01 R1.70 .29 1.17 .23 .08 .24 R4.73 R.41 .02 2009 .87 R1.85 .26 1.03 .18 .05 .24 R4.48 R.41 .01 2010 .88 R2.02 .29 1.09 R.06 .03 .25 R4.62 R.41 .02 2011P .86 1.98 .28 1.04 .06 .02 .26 4.50 .41 .02 

1 Liquefied petroleum gases and pentanes plus are aggregated to avoid disclosure of proprietary

information. 2 Includes still gas not burned as refinery fuel. 3 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products. 4 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) has altered the methodology for the natural gasestimates. The estimates are linearly interpolated between Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey(MECS) years and held constant until data are available for the most recent MECS year. 5 Petroleum—million barrels; natural gas—billion cubic feet; and coal—million short tons.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – =Not applicable. Notes: • Estimates of consumption for non-combustion use shown in this table are included in total energy consumption (see Table 1.3). • See Note 2, "Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of

section. • Because of changes in methodology, data series may be revised annually. • Estimates of

non-combustion use in this table are considered industrial uses with the e

the lubricants which are considered transportation use. • Totals may not independent rounding. 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summ

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.

Sources: Petroleum Products: • 1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, P

Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Ethane in 1980.• 1981 forward—annual reports, and unpublished data. Natural Gas:• 1980—Bureau Manufactures, Hydrocarbon, Coal, and Coke Materials Consumed. • 19Commerce. Coal: • 1980 forward—EIA estimates based on the metemissions calculations in EIA’s Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the Total Energy Consumption: Derived by dividing total by total consumptio
Energy Overview

Note 1. Noncombustible Renewable Energy. Noncombustible renewable energyis the sum of hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, and wind. In Table 1.3,total primary consumption of noncombustible renewable energy is reported as thesum of “Captured Energy” and the “Adjustment for Fossil Fuel Equivalence.” Captured energy represents the energy from noncombustible renewable resources that isactually "captured" for final use. It includes the electricity generated from noncombustible resources (i.e., net generation from Table 8.2a converted to Btu using the energyconversion factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh) and the direct consumption of noncombustiblerenewable energy. Direct consumption of noncombustible renewable energyincludes: solar thermal direct use energy, residential and commercial self-generatedphotovoltaic energy, geothermal energy from heat pumps, and direct use of geothermal energy.The adjustment for fossil-fuel equivalence represents the energy losses that wouldhave occurred if electricity from noncombustible renewable resources had beengenerated using the average fossil-fuel mix in a given year. The fossil-fuel

equivalent value is determined by converting electric

average fossil-fuel heat rate from Table A6. The Equivalence” is then calculated as the difference betvalue of electricity generated and "captured" electriciFor more information, see Appendix F.Note 2. Non-Combustion Use of Fossil Fuels. MoUnited States and elsewhere are combusted to produsome are used directly for non-combustion use as cants, chemical feedstocks, solvents, and waxes. Foil are used for roofing and paving; liquefied petrointermediate products that are used in making pmotor oil and greases, are used in vehicles and petrochemical feedstocks are used to make plasticsproducts; and natural gas is used to make nitrogenoin the chemical industry. Estimates of non-combbased on the methodology underlying the nonfuel e“Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the Unihttp://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/ghg_repo

34 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
2. Energy Consumption b
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Figure 2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2011

(Quadrillion Btu)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

1 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in

“Renewable Energy."

2 Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.3 Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net imports.4 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.5 Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.6 Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.

7 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) pla

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Includeimports not shown under “Source.”

 Notes: Primary energy in the form that it is first account

before any transformation to secondary or tertiary forms ogenerate electricity). • Sum of components may not equa

Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annu

2.1b-2.1f , 10.3, and 10.4.
Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector Overview

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2011 End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2011 Electric Power Sector, 1949-201138 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.

Note: • See “Primary Energy Consumption” in Glossary. • Sum of components may not

equal 100 percent due to independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial

Transportation

Residential

22%

Transportation

28%

31%

Co

19%

Residential

Commercial

Natural Gas

R

21.6

18.0

30.6

27.1

39.3

6.6

4.1

20.3

27.0

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Primary Consumption Total Consumption

 Power 1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu
Figure 2.1b Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, 1949-2011

Residential, By Major Source Commercial, By Major SourceIndustrial, By Major Source Transportation, By Major Source

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

1 Electrical system energy losses associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy in the form of electricity. 2 Electricity retail sales. Sources: Tables 2.1b–2.1e.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu Natural Gas

Natural Gas

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

Electrical Losses1

Electrical Losses1

Renewable Energy

Renewable Energy

Coal

Coal

Petroleum

Electricity2 

Petroleum

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

1015202530

Electricity2

Quadrillion Btu

Coal
40 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

End-Use Sectors Electric

Power

Sector 3,4

Balancin

Item 7

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Transportation

Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5

1949 4,460 5,599 2,669 3,669 12,633 14,724 7,880 7,990 4,339 (s) 1950 4,829 5,989 2,834 3,893 13,890 16,241 8,383 8,492 4,679 (s) 1955 5,608 7,278 2,561 3,895 16,103 19,485 9,474 9,550 6,461 (s) 1960 6,651 9,039 2,723 4,609 16,996 20,842 10,560 10,596 8,158 (s) 1965 7,279 10,639 3,177 5,845 20,148 25,098 12,399 12,432 11,012 (s) 1970 8,322 13,766 4,237 8,346 22,964 29,628 16,062 16,098 16,253 (s) 1975 7,990 14,813 4,059 9,492 21,434 29,413 18,210 18,245 20,270 1 1976 8,391 15,410 4,371 10,063 22,665 31,393 19,067 19,101 21,473 8 1977 8,194 15,662 4,258 10,208 23,165 32,263 19,786 19,822 22,551 7 1978 8,260 16,132 4,309 10,512 23,244 32,688 20,583 20,617 23,553 2 1979 7,919 15,813 4,366 10,648 24,192 33,925 20,437 20,472 23,943 2 1980 7,439 15,753 4,105 10,578 22,595 32,039 19,659 19,697 24,269 -1 1981 7,045 15,262 3,837 10,616 21,318 30,712 19,478 19,514 24,425 3 1982 7,147 15,531 3,864 10,860 19,053 27,614 19,052 19,089 23,979 4 1983 6,832 15,425 3,840 10,938 18,548 27,428 19,134 19,177 24,614 3 1984 7,211 15,960 4,001 11,444 20,174 29,570 19,609 19,656 25,635 3 1985 7,148 16,041 3,732 11,451 19,443 28,816 20,041 20,088 26,032 -4 1986 6,906 15,975 3,693 11,606 19,078 28,274 20,740 20,789 26,227 3 1987 6,923 16,263 3,774 11,946 19,953 29,379 21,419 21,469 26,988 -3 1988 7,357 17,133 3,994 12,578 20,862 30,677 22,267 22,318 28,227 3 1989 7,567 17,786 4,043 13,193 20,874 31,320 22,424 22,478 429,869 9 1990 6,557 16,945 3,896 13,320 21,180 31,810 22,366 22,420 30,495 -9 1991 6,747 17,420 3,945 13,500 20,824 31,399 22,065 22,118 30,856 1 1992 6,950 17,356 3,991 13,441 21,756 32,571 22,363 22,415 30,723 (s) 1993 7,146 18,218 3,973 13,820 21,753 32,629 22,715 22,768 31,847 -10 1994 6,978 18,112 4,016 14,098 22,393 33,521 23,311 23,366 32,399 -6 1995 6,936 18,519 4,101 14,690 22,719 33,971 23,791 23,846 33,479 3 1996 R7,467 19,504 4,273 15,172 23,410 34,904 24,383 24,437 34,485 4 1997 7,033 18,965 4,295 15,681 23,686 35,200 24,695 24,750 34,886 6 1998 6,413 18,955 4,005 15,968 23,177 34,843 25,201 25,256 36,225 -3 1999 6,775 19,557 4,053 16,376 22,950 34,764 25,891 25,949 36,976 6 2000 7,159 20,425 4,278 17,175 22,824 34,664 26,489 26,548 38,062 2 2001 6,868 20,042 4,084 17,137 21,794 32,720 26,213 26,275 37,215 -6 2002 R6,912 R20,791 R4,132 R17,345 R21,799 R32,662 R26,781 R26,842 38,016 5 2003 7,211 21,110 4,283 17,343 21,503 32,532 26,920 26,994 38,062 -1 2004 6,993 21,093 4,232 17,659 R22,412 R33,520 27,817 27,895 38,713 -6 2005 6,909 21,626 4,051 R17,857 R21,411 R32,446 28,272 28,353 39,638 (s) 2006 R6,168 R20,688 R3,747 R17,711 R21,536 R32,401 28,751 28,830 39,428 (s) 2007 R6,598 R21,531 R3,922 R18,255 R21,370 R32,394 R29,029 R29,117 40,377 R-1 2008 6,817 21,596 4,073 18,381 R20,480 R31,290 27,925 28,008 39,978 (s) 2009 6,619 R21,064 4,061 17,899 R18,813 R28,525 R26,989 R27,071 38,077 (s) 2010 R6,603 R21,862 R4,039 R18,078 R20,062 R30,309 R27,384 R27,466 R39,626 R8 2011P 6,585 21,619 4,090 18,021 20,291 30,592 26,999 27,079 39,346 -9 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers. 5 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 6 Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy consumption, electricityretail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end ofsection.

7 A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use 

total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, total energy consumptof the sectoral components due to the use of sector-specific conversion factors fo

8 Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 Notes: • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sec

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumptio

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption foin 1949.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 2.1b–2.1f.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electricity

Retail

Sales 8

El

S

E

Lo

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 3 Petroleum 4 Total Geothermal 5 Solar/PV 6 Biomass 7 Total

1949 1,272 1,027 1,106 3,405 NA NA 1,055 1,055 4,460 228 1950 1,261 1,240 1,322 3,824 NA NA 1,006 1,006 4,829 246 1955 867 2,198 1,767 4,833 NA NA 775 775 5,608 438 1960 585 3,212 2,227 6,024 NA NA 627 627 6,651 687 1965 352 4,028 2,432 6,811 NA NA 468 468 7,279 993 1970 209 4,987 2,725 7,922 NA NA 401 401 8,322 1,591 1975 63 5,023 2,479 7,564 NA NA 425 425 7,990 2,007 1976 59 5,147 2,703 7,910 NA NA 482 482 8,391 2,069 1977 57 4,913 2,681 7,652 NA NA 542 542 8,194 2,202 1978 49 4,981 2,607 7,638 NA NA 622 622 8,260 2,301 1979 37 5,055 2,099 7,191 NA NA 728 728 7,919 2,330 1980 31 4,825 1,734 6,589 NA NA 850 850 7,439 2,448 1981 30 4,614 1,531 6,175 NA NA 870 870 7,045 2,464 1982 32 4,711 1,434 6,177 NA NA 970 970 7,147 2,489 1983 31 4,478 1,353 5,862 NA NA 970 970 6,832 2,562 1984 40 4,661 1,531 6,231 NA NA 980 980 7,211 2,662 1985 39 4,534 1,565 6,138 NA NA 1,010 1,010 7,148 2,709 1986 40 4,405 1,541 5,986 NA NA 920 920 6,906 2,795 1987 37 4,420 1,617 6,073 NA NA 850 850 6,923 2,902 1988 37 4,735 1,675 6,447 NA NA 910 910 7,357 3,046 1989 31 4,899 1,660 6,590 5 52 920 977 7,567 3,090 1990 31 4,491 1,394 5,916 6 56 580 641 6,557 3,153 1991 25 4,667 1,381 6,073 6 57 610 673 6,747 3,260 1992 26 4,805 1,414 6,244 6 R60 640 706 6,950 3,193 1993 26 5,063 1,439 6,528 7 61 550 618 7,146 3,394 1994 21 4,960 1,408 6,389 6 63 520 589 6,978 3,441 1995 17 4,954 1,374 6,345 7 64 520 591 6,936 3,557 1996 17 5,354 1,484 6,854 7 65 540 612 R7,467 3,694 1997 16 5,093 1,422 6,531 8 64 430 502 7,033 3,671 1998 12 4,646 1,304 5,962 8 64 380 452 6,413 3,856 1999 14 4,835 1,465 6,314 9 63 390 461 6,775 3,906 2000 11 5,105 1,554 6,670 9 R61 420 489 7,159 4,069 2001 12 4,889 1,529 6,430 9 59 370 438 6,868 4,100 2002 12 R4,995 1,457 R6,464 10 57 380 448 R6,912 4,317 2003 12 5,209 1,519 6,741 13 57 400 470 7,211 4,353 2004 11 4,981 1,520 6,513 14 57 410 481 6,993 4,408 2005 8 4,946 1,451 6,406 16 58 430 504 6,909 4,638 12006 6 4,476 1,224 5,706 18 63 R380 R462 R6,168 4,611 2007 8 R4,835 1,254 R6,097 22 70 R410 R502 R6,598 4,750 12008 8 5,010 1,243 6,261 26 80 450 R557 6,817 4,708 12009 8 4,883 1,176 6,067 33 89 430 552 6,619 4,656 2010 7 R4,883 R1,142 R6,032 37 R114 420 R571 R6,603 R4,933 R12011P 6 4,830 1,139 5,975 40 140 430 610 6,585 4,858 1

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation ofpetroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at endof Section 5.

5 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 6 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu

using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). Includes small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PVenergy used in the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.

7 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

8 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities 

energy service providers. 9 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the eenergy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the eneach sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical Syssection.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roundWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consum

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumptioin 1949.

Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
42 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electricity

Retail

Sales 11

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 3 Petroleum 4,5 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 6 Geothermal 7 Solar/PV 8 WInd 9 Biomass 10 Total

1949 1,554 360 735 2,649 NA NA NA NA 20 20 2,669 200 1950 1,542 401 872 2,815 NA NA NA NA 19 19 2,834 225 1955 801 651 1,095 2,547 NA NA NA NA 15 15 2,561 350 1960 407 1,056 1,248 2,711 NA NA NA NA 12 12 2,723 543 1965 265 1,490 1,413 3,168 NA NA NA NA 9 9 3,177 789 1970 165 2,473 1,592 4,229 NA NA NA NA 8 8 4,237 1,201 1975 147 2,558 1,346 4,051 NA NA NA NA 8 8 4,059 1,598 1976 144 2,718 1,500 4,362 NA NA NA NA 9 9 4,371 1,678 1977 148 2,548 1,552 4,248 NA NA NA NA 10 10 4,258 1,754 1978 165 2,643 1,490 4,297 NA NA NA NA 12 12 4,309 1,813 1979 149 2,836 1,367 4,352 NA NA NA NA 14 14 4,366 1,854 1980 115 2,651 1,318 4,084 NA NA NA NA 21 21 4,105 1,906 1981 137 2,557 1,122 3,816 NA NA NA NA 21 21 3,837 2,033 1982 155 2,650 1,037 3,842 NA NA NA NA 22 22 3,864 2,077 1983 162 2,486 1,170 3,818 NA NA NA NA 22 22 3,840 2,116 1984 169 2,582 1,227 3,978 NA NA NA NA 22 22 4,001 2,264 1985 137 2,488 1,083 3,708 NA NA NA NA 24 24 3,732 2,351 1986 135 2,367 1,162 3,665 NA NA NA NA 27 27 3,693 2,439 1987 125 2,489 1,131 3,745 NA NA NA NA 30 30 3,774 2,539 1988 131 2,731 1,099 3,961 NA NA NA NA 33 33 3,994 2,675 1989 115 2,785 1,041 3,941 1 3 – – 99 102 4,043 2,767 1990 124 2,682 991 3,798 1 3 – – 94 98 3,896 2,860 1991 116 2,795 935 3,846 1 3 – – 95 100 3,945 2,918 1992 117 2,871 893 3,881 1 3 – – 105 109 3,991 2,900 1993 117 2,923 819 3,859 1 3 – – 109 114 3,973 3,019 1994 118 2,962 825 3,905 1 4 – – 106 112 4,016 3,116 1995 117 3,096 769 3,982 1 5 – – 113 118 4,101 3,252 1996 122 3,226 790 4,138 1 5 – – 129 135 4,273 3,344 1997 129 3,285 743 4,157 1 6 – – 131 138 4,295 3,503 1998 93 3,083 702 3,878 1 7 – – 118 127 4,005 3,678 1999 103 3,115 707 3,925 1 7 – – 121 129 4,053 3,766 2000 92 3,252 807 4,150 1 8 – – 119 128 4,278 3,956 2001 97 3,097 790 3,984 1 8 – – 92 101 4,084 4,062 2002 90 R3,212 726 R4,028 (s) 9 – – 95 104 R4,132 4,110 2003 82 3,261 827 4,170 1 11 – – 101 113 4,283 4,090 2004 103 3,201 809 4,113 1 12 – – 105 118 4,232 4,198 2005 97 3,073 761 3,932 1 14 – – 105 R120 4,051 4,351 2006 65 2,902 663 3,629 1 14 – – R103 R118 R3,747 4,435 2007 70 R3,085 649 R3,805 1 14 – – R103 118 R3,922 4,560 2008 69 3,228 651 3,948 1 15 (s) – 109 125 4,073 4,558 2009 63 3,187 682 3,932 1 17 (s) (s) 112 129 4,061 4,460 2010 R60 R3,164 R685 R3,908 1 19 (s) (s) R111 R130 R4,039 R4,539 2011P 51 3,225 683 3,959 1 20 (s) (s) 110 131 4,090 4,501 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation ofpetroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at endof Section 5.

5 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." 6 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6).

7 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 8 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6) at commercial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.

9 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).

10 Wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass; and fuel ethanol (minus denaturant). Through 2000, also

includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic source

11 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities an

energy service providers.

12 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the elec

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=LeNotes: • The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-po

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into EnerSection 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roun

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumpt

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption fin 1949.

Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electricity

Retail

Sales 11

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Primary

Coal Coke

Net Imports

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4,5 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 6 Geothermal 7 Solar/PV 8 Wind 9 Biomass 10 Total

1949 5,433 -7 3,188 3,475 12,090 76 NA NA NA 468 544 12,633 418 1950 5,781 1 3,546 3,960 13,288 69 NA NA NA 532 602 13,890 500 1955 5,620 -10 4,701 5,123 15,434 38 NA NA NA 631 669 16,103 887 1960 4,543 -6 5,973 5,766 16,277 39 NA NA NA 680 719 16,996 1,107 1965 5,127 -18 7,339 6,813 19,260 33 NA NA NA 855 888 20,148 1,463 1970 4,656 -58 9,536 7,776 21,911 34 NA NA NA 1,019 1,053 22,964 1,948 1975 3,667 14 8,532 8,127 20,339 32 NA NA NA 1,063 1,096 21,434 2,346 1976 3,661 (s) 8,762 8,990 21,412 33 NA NA NA 1,220 1,253 22,665 2,573 1977 3,454 15 8,635 9,747 21,851 33 NA NA NA 1,281 1,314 23,165 2,682 1978 3,314 125 8,539 9,835 21,812 32 NA NA NA 1,400 1,432 23,244 2,761 1979 3,593 63 8,549 10,548 22,753 34 NA NA NA 1,405 1,439 24,192 2,873 1980 3,155 -35 8,333 9,509 20,962 33 NA NA NA 1,600 1,633 22,595 2,781 1981 3,157 -16 8,185 8,265 19,590 33 NA NA NA 1,695 1,728 21,318 2,817 1982 2,552 -22 7,068 7,772 17,370 33 NA NA NA 1,650 1,683 19,053 2,542 1983 2,490 -16 6,776 7,390 16,640 33 NA NA NA 1,874 1,908 18,548 2,648 1984 2,842 -11 7,405 7,987 18,222 33 NA NA NA 1,918 1,951 20,174 2,859 1985 2,760 -13 7,032 7,714 17,492 33 NA NA NA 1,918 1,951 19,443 2,855 1986 2,641 -17 6,646 7,860 17,130 33 NA NA NA 1,915 1,948 19,078 2,834 1987 2,673 9 7,283 8,042 18,006 33 NA NA NA 1,914 1,947 19,953 2,928 1988 2,828 40 7,655 8,317 18,840 33 NA NA NA 1,989 2,022 20,862 3,059 1989 2,787 30 8,088 8,098 19,003 28 2 – – 1,841 1,871 20,874 3,158 1990 2,756 5 8,451 8,251 19,463 31 2 – – 1,684 1,717 21,180 3,226 1991 2,601 10 8,572 7,958 19,141 30 2 – – 1,652 1,684 20,824 3,230 1992 2,515 35 8,918 8,552 20,019 31 2 – – 1,705 1,737 21,756 3,319 1993 2,496 27 9,070 8,386 19,980 30 2 – – 1,741 1,773 21,753 3,334 1994 2,510 58 9,126 8,771 20,465 62 3 – – 1,862 1,927 22,393 3,439 1995 2,488 61 9,592 8,586 20,727 55 3 – – 1,934 1,992 22,719 3,455 1996 2,434 23 9,901 9,019 21,377 61 3 – – 1,969 2,033 23,410 3,527 1997 2,395 46 9,933 9,255 21,629 58 3 – – 1,996 2,057 23,686 3,542 1998 2,335 67 9,763 9,082 21,248 55 3 – – 1,872 1,929 23,177 3,587 1999 2,227 58 9,375 9,356 21,016 49 4 – – 1,882 1,934 22,950 3,611 2000 2,256 65 9,500 9,075 20,896 42 4 – – 1,881 1,928 22,824 3,631 2001 2,192 29 8,676 9,178 20,075 33 5 – – 1,681 1,719 21,794 3,400 2002 2,019 61 R8,832 9,168 R20,079 39 5 – – 1,676 1,720 R21,799 3,379 2003 2,041 51 8,488 9,197 19,777 43 3 – – 1,679 1,726 21,503 3,454 2004 2,047 138 R8,550 9,825 R20,559 33 4 – – 1,817 1,853 R22,412 3,473 2005 1,954 44 R7,907 9,633 R19,538 32 4 – – 1,837 1,873 R21,411 3,477 2006 1,914 61 R7,861 9,770 R19,606 29 4 – – 1,897 1,930 R21,536 3,451 2007 1,865 25 R8,074 9,451 R19,414 16 5 – – R1,936 R1,956 R21,370 3,507 2008 1,796 41 R8,083 8,511 R18,431 17 5 – – R2,028 R2,049 R20,480 3,444 2009 1,396 -24 7,609 7,816 R16,797 18 4 – – R1,994 R2,016 R18,813 3,130 2010 R1,649 -6 R7,959 R8,210 R17,812 16 4 (s) – R2,230 R2,250 R20,062 R3,313 2011P 1,599 11 8,321 8,064 17,995 18 4 (s) (s) 2,273 2,295 20,291 3,329 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation ofpetroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at endof Section 5.

5 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." 6 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6).

7 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 8 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6) at industrial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.

9 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).

10 Wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass; fuel ethanol (minus denaturant); and losses and co-productsfrom the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste

(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

11 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities 

energy service providers.

12 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the e

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the eneach sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical Syssection.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=

greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.

Notes: • The industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into EnSection 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent ro

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consum

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumptioin 1949.

Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14b, 6.5, 7.3, 7.8, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
44 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electricity

Retail

Sales 7

Electrical

System

Energy

Losses 8 

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 3 Petroleum 4,5 Total Biomass 6

1949 1,727 NA 6,152 7,880 NA 7,880 22 88 1950 1,564 130 6,690 8,383 NA 8,383 23 86 1955 421 254 8,799 9,474 NA 9,474 20 56 1960 75 359 10,125 10,560 NA 10,560 10 26 1965 16 517 11,866 12,399 NA 12,399 10 24 1970 7 745 15,310 16,062 NA 16,062 11 26 1975 1 595 17,615 18,210 NA 18,210 10 24 1976 (s) 559 18,508 19,067 NA 19,067 10 24 1977 (s) 543 19,243 19,786 NA 19,786 10 25 1978 9 ( ) 539 20,044 20,583 NA 20,583 10 24 1979 9 ( ) 612 19,825 20,437 NA 20,437 10 24 1980 9 ( ) 650 19,009 19,659 NA 19,659 11 27 1981 9 ( ) 658 18,813 19,471 7 19,478 11 25 1982 9 ( ) 612 18,422 19,034 18 19,052 11 26 1983 9 ( ) 505 18,595 19,100 34 19,134 13 30 1984 9 ( ) 545 19,023 19,567 41 19,609 14 33 1985 9 ( ) 519 19,472 19,992 50 20,041 14 32 1986 9 ( ) 499 20,183 20,682 57 20,740 15 34 1987 9 ( ) 535 20,817 21,353 66 21,419 16 35 1988 9 ( ) 632 21,568 22,199 67 22,267 16 35 1989 9 ( ) 649 21,707 22,356 68 22,424 16 38 1990 9 ( ) 680 21,626 22,306 60 22,366 16 37 1991 9 ( ) 620 21,374 21,995 70 22,065 16 37 1992 9 ( ) 608 21,675 22,283 80 22,363 16 36 1993 9 ( ) 645 21,977 22,621 94 22,715 16 37 1994 9 ( ) 709 22,497 23,206 105 23,311 17 38 1995 9 ( ) 724 22,955 23,679 112 23,791 17 38 1996 9 ( ) 737 23,565 24,302 81 24,383 17 38 1997 9 ( ) 780 23,813 24,593 102 24,695 17 38 1998 9 ( ) 666 24,422 25,088 113 25,201 17 38 1999 9 ( ) 675 25,098 25,774 118 25,891 17 40 2000 9 ( ) 672 25,682 26,354 135 26,489 18 42 2001 9 ( ) 658 25,412 26,070 142 26,213 20 43 2002 9 ( ) R699 25,913 R26,612 170 R26,781 19 42 2003 9 ( ) 627 26,063 26,690 230 26,920 23 51 2004 9 ( ) 602 26,925 27,527 290 27,817 25 54 2005 9 ( ) 624 27,309 27,933 339 28,272 26 56 2006 9 ( ) 625 27,651 28,276 475 28,751 25 54 2007 9 ( ) R663 27,763 R28,427 602 R29,029 28 60 2008 9 ( ) 692 26,407 27,099 826 27,925 26 56 2009 9 ( ) R715 25,339 R26,054 R935 R26,989 27 56 2010 9 ( ) R716 R25,595 R26,310 R1,074 R27,384 26 55 2011P 9 ( ) 735 25,110 25,845 1,154 26,999 26 54 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components. 3 Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuels—see Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous

Fuels," at end of Section 6. Data are for natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily incompressors) and small amounts consumed as vehicle fuel—see Table 6.5.

4 Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of

petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at endof Section 5.

5 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." 6 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel. 7 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

8 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the e

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the eneach sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical Syssection. 9 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportasector consumption.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion BNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roundWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consum

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumptioin 1949.

Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 5

Renewable Energy 2

E

Im

Coal 

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 6 Geothermal 7 Solar/PV 8 Wind 9 Biomass 10 Total

1949 1,995 569 415 2,979 0 1,349 NA NA NA 6 1,355 1950 2,199 651 472 3,322 0 1,346 NA NA NA 5 1,351 1955 3,458 1,194 471 5,123 0 1,322 NA NA NA 3 1,325 1960 4,228 1,785 553 6,565 6 1,569 (s) NA NA 2 1,571 1965 5,821 2,395 722 8,938 43 2,026 2 NA NA 3 2,031 1970 7,227 4,054 2,117 13,399 239 2,600 6 NA NA 4 2,609 1975 8,786 3,240 3,166 15,191 1,900 3,122 34 NA NA 2 3,158 1976 9,720 3,152 3,477 16,349 2,111 2,943 38 NA NA 3 2,983 1977 10,262 3,284 3,901 17,446 2,702 2,301 37 NA NA 5 2,343 1978 10,238 3,297 3,987 17,522 3,024 2,905 31 NA NA 3 2,940 1979 11,260 3,613 3,283 18,156 2,776 2,897 40 NA NA 5 2,942 1980 12,123 3,778 2,634 18,534 2,739 2,867 53 NA NA 5 2,925 1981 12,583 3,730 2,202 18,516 3,008 2,725 59 NA NA 4 2,788 1982 12,582 3,312 1,568 17,462 3,131 3,233 51 NA NA 3 3,286 1983 13,213 2,972 1,544 17,729 3,203 3,494 64 NA (s) 4 3,562 1984 14,019 3,199 1,286 18,504 3,553 3,353 81 (s) (s) 9 3,443 1985 14,542 3,135 1,090 18,767 4,076 2,937 97 (s) (s) 14 3,049 1986 14,444 2,670 1,452 18,566 4,380 3,038 108 (s) (s) 12 3,158 1987 15,173 2,916 1,257 19,346 4,754 2,602 112 (s) (s) 15 2,729 1988 15,850 2,693 1,563 20,106 5,587 2,302 106 (s) (s) 17 2,425 198912 16,137 3,173 1,703 21,013 5,602 2,808 152 3 22 232 3,217 1990 16,261 3,309 1,289 20,859 6,104 3,014 161 4 29 317 3,524 1991 16,250 3,377 1,198 20,825 6,422 2,985 167 5 31 354 3,542 1992 16,466 3,512 991 20,968 6,479 2,586 167 4 30 402 3,189 1993 17,196 3,538 1,124 21,857 6,410 2,861 173 5 31 415 3,484 1994 17,261 3,977 1,059 22,297 6,694 2,620 160 5 36 434 3,255 1995 17,466 4,302 755 22,523 7,075 3,149 138 5 33 422 3,747 1996 18,429 3,862 817 23,109 7,087 3,528 148 5 33 438 4,153 1997 18,905 4,126 927 23,957 6,597 3,581 150 5 34 446 4,216 1998 19,216 4,675 1,306 25,197 7,068 3,241 151 5 31 444 3,872 1999 19,279 4,902 1,211 25,393 7,610 3,218 152 5 46 453 3,874 2000 20,220 5,293 1,144 26,658 7,862 2,768 144 5 57 453 3,427 2001 19,614 5,458 1,277 26,348 8,029 2,209 142 6 70 337 2,763 2002 19,783 5,767 961 26,511 8,145 2,650 147 6 105 380 3,288 2003 20,185 5,246 1,205 26,636 7,959 2,781 148 5 115 397 3,445 2004 20,305 5,595 1,212 27,112 8,222 2,656 148 6 142 388 3,340 2005 20,737 6,015 1,235 27,986 8,161 2,670 147 6 178 406 3,406 2006 20,462 6,375 648 27,485 8,215 2,839 145 5 264 412 3,665 2007 20,808 7,005 657 28,470 8,455 2,430 145 6 341 423 3,345 2008 20,513 6,829 468 27,810 8,427 2,494 146 9 546 435 3,630 2009 18,225 7,022 390 25,638 8,356 2,650 146 9 721 441 3,967 2010 19,133 R7,527 378 R27,039 R8,434 R2,521 R148 R12 R923 R459 R4,064 2011P 17,986 7,740 288 26,014 8,259 3,153 163 18 1,168 444 4,945 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 See Table 10.2c for notes on series components. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 See Table 5.14c for series components. 5 Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rate—see Table A6). 6 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).

7 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels

heat rate—see Table A6).

9 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6).

10 Wood and wood-derived fuels; and municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge

waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste

(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

11 Net imports equal imports minus exports.12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data 

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion BtuNotes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful the

power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not equaindependent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumpt

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption fin 1949.

Sources: Tables 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

By Energy SourceBy North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code646 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Natural gas liquids.3 See “Breeze” in Glossary.4 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.5 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to another entity.

6 See Table 2.2 for Manufacturing Group titles of industries 

NAICS codes.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Source: Table 2.2.

5.9

2.9

2.4

1.4

0.3 0.3 0.1

Natural Gas Net LPG1 and NGL2 Coal Residual Coal Coke Distillate 

-2

0

2

468

10

0

-2

Quadrillion Btu

Fuel Oil

Electricity Fuel Oil and Breeze3

1.2

0.1 0.2 0.1 (s) (s) 0.5

2.4

0.1

6.9

5.1

0.3

1.1

1.7

0.4 0.2 0.1 

311 312 313 314 315 316 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 331 332 333 334 

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

 (Trillion Btu )

NAICS 1

Code Manufacturing Group Coal

Coal Coke

and

Breeze 2 Natural Gas

Distillate

Fuel Oil

LPG 3

 and

NGL 4

Residual

Fuel Oil

Net

Electricity 5 

 311 Food ................................................................................. 147 1 638 16 3 26 251  312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 20 0 41 1 1 3 30  313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 32 0 65 (s) (s) 2 66  314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... 3 0 46 (s) 1 Q 20  315 Apparel ............................................................................. 0 0 7 (s) (s) (s) 7  316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0 0 1 (s) (s) (s) 1  321 Wood Products ................................................................. Q Q 87 21 4 4 91  322 Paper ................................................................................ 221 0 474 13 5 91 247  323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... 0 0 39 (s) 1 (s) 45  324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... 102 1 849 33 29 58 137  325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 182 3 1,746 8 2,304 87 517  326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... Q 0 128 3 5 9 182  327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 320 11 460 30 5 3 147  331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 373 253 627 7 4 19 458  332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 0 Q 240 2 5 (s) 143  333 Machinery ......................................................................... 1 0 84 2 3 Q 111  334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... 0 0 45 1 (s) (s) 94  335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ (s) 0 42 Q 1 0 44  336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 5 Q 249 3 5 7 195  337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 3 0 17 Q 1 (s) 32  339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... 0 0 25 (s) 1 Q 33  — Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 1,433 272 5,911 143 2,376 314 2,851 

1 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2 See "Breeze" in Glossary. 3 Liquefied petroleum gases. 4 Natural gas liquids. 5 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible

renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels.

6 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as

asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha less than 401 degrees Fahrenheit, other oils greater than or equalto 401 degrees Fahrenheit, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous nonfuel products, which arenonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industry group (NAICS Code 324110).

7 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to

another entity. Note that shipments of energy sources are subtrac

8 The sum of coal, coal coke and breeze, natural gas, dist

natural gas liquids, residual fuel oil, net electricity, and other, minu

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu

standard error was greater than 50 percent.

Notes: • Data are estimates for the first use of energy for h

material inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy that produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form 

Consumption Survey" and Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Repo
Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 

By Selected End Use1By Energy Source48 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu).2 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Excludes steam and hot water.3 Excludes coal coke and breeze.4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

5 Natural gas liquids.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Source: Table 2.3.

1.7

0.7

0.2

0.2

0.2

(s)

Process Heating

Machine Drive

Facility HVAC2

Process Cooling and Refrigeration

Electrochemical Processes

Facility Lighting

Conventional Electricity Generation

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 

Quadrillion Btu

5.5

2.9

1.0

0.3 0.1 

Natural Gas Net Electricity Coal3 Residual Fuel Oil Distillate 

0

1

2

34567

Quadrillion Btu

Fuel Oil 

Fuel Oil
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Us

End-Use Category

Net Electricity 1 Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil LPG 2 and NGL 3 Natural Gas 

Million Kilowatthours Million Barrels Billion Cubic Feet Millio

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ......................................... 12,109 21 4 2 2,059 

 Conventional Boiler Use ............................................. 12,109 11 3 2 1,245  CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process .......................... – – 10 1 (s) 814 

Direct End Use

 All Process Uses ......................................................... 657,810 10 9 10 2,709  Process Heating ........................................................ 101,516 9 3 8 2,417  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ............................. 60,381 (s) (s) (s) 31  Machine Drive ............................................................. 422,408 (s) 4 (s) 126  Electrochemical Processes ........................................ 60,323 – – – – – – – –  Other Process Uses ................................................... 13,181 (s) 1 1 136  All Non-Process Uses ................................................. 157,829 1 9 7 426  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ... 77,768 1 1 1 367  Facility Lighting ........................................................... 58,013 – – – – – – – –  Other Facility Support ................................................. 17,644 (s) (s) (s) 29  Onsite Transportation ................................................. 2,197 – – 6 5 3  Conventional Electricity Generation ........................... – – (s) 1 (s) 19  Other Non-Process Use ............................................. 2,208 (s) 1 (s) 8 

End Use Not Reported ................................................... 7,634 8 1 1 164 Total ................................................................................. 835,382 40 22 21 5,357 

Trillion Btu

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ......................................... 41 133 23 8 2,119 

 Conventional Boiler Use ............................................. 41 71 17 8 1,281  CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process ......................... – – 62 6 1 838 

Direct End Use

 All Process Uses ......................................................... 2,244 62 52 39 2,788  Process Heating ........................................................ 346 59 19 32 2,487  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ............................. 206 (s) 1 (s) 32  Machine Drive ............................................................. 1,441 2 24 2 129  Electrochemical Processes ........................................ 206 – – – – – – – –  Other Process Uses ................................................... 45 Q 8 5 140  All Non-Process Uses ................................................. 539 6 50 27 438  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ... 265 4 4 5 378  Facility Lighting ........................................................... 198 – – – – – – – –  Other Facility Support ................................................. 60 1 (s) (s) 30  Onsite Transportation ................................................. 7 – – 35 20 3  Conventional Electricity Generation ........................... – – (s) 4 (s) 19  Other Non-Process Use ............................................. 8 (s) 6 1 8 

End Use Not Reported ................................................... 26 49 4 5 168 Total ................................................................................. 2,850 251 129 79 5,512 

1 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible

renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels.

2 Liquefied petroleum gases. 3 Natural gas liquids. 4 Excludes coal coke and breeze. 5 Total of listed energy sources. Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu). 6 Combined-heat-and-power plants. 7 Excludes steam and hot water.

– – = Not applicable. (s)=Estimate less than 0.5. Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater

than 50 percent.

Notes: • Data are estimates for the total consumption of energy fo

electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced. Squantities of energy that were originally produced offsite and puestablishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energenergy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. • Allocbasis of reasonable approximations by respondents. • Totals may nindependent rounding, the presence of estimates that round to zero, anwithheld because the relative standard error is greater than 50 percent.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/meSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-8

Consumption Survey."
Figure 2.4 Household Energy Consumption

Household Energy Consumpton by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-20091 Household Energy Consumption by Energy Consumption per Household, Selected Years, 1978-20091 Energy Consumption per Household50 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 For years not shown, there are no data available.

 2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

Notes: • Data include natural gas, electricity, distillate fue

leum gases; data do not include wood. • Data for 1978-19through March of following year; data for 1987 forward are fodix C for map of Census regions. Source: Table 2.4.

Northeast

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

4.39

4.6

0.49

0.61

Distillate Fuel Oil

and Kerosene

0.61

South

Natura

4.6

Midwest

Total = 10.18 Quadr

West

Electricit

4.39

LPG2

0.49

 1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009

138

126

114112

102 105 101 98 104 101

92 95 90

0

50

100150

Million Btu

90

112

108

United States Midwest Northea

0

20406080

100120

Million Btu

 1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.4 Household 1 Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2009

 (Quadrillion Btu, Except as Noted)

Census Region 2 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 

United States Total (does not include wood) ...... 10.56 9.74 9.32 9.29 8.58 9.04 9.13 9.22 10.01 10.25 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ 5.58 5.31 4.97 5.27 4.74 4.98 4.83 4.86 5.27 5.28  Electricity 3 .......................................................... 2.47 2.42 2.48 2.42 2.35 2.48 2.76 3.03 3.28 3.54  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... 2.19 1.71 1.52 1.28 1.20 1.26 1.22 1.04 1.07 1.07  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .33 .31 .35 .31 .29 .31 .32 .28 .38 .36  Wood 4 ................................................................ NA NA .85 .87 .97 .98 .85 .58 .55 .43  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 138 126 114 112 102 105 101 98 104 101 

Northeast Total (does not include wood) ............ 2.89 2.50 2.44 2.36 2.19 2.29 2.37 2.30 2.38 2.38 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ 1.14 1.05 .94 1.01 .96 .93 1.03 1.03 1.11 1.03  Electricity 3 .......................................................... .39 .39 .41 .40 .37 .41 .44 .47 .47 .49  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... 1.32 1.03 1.07 .93 .83 .93 .87 .78 .78 .84  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .03 .03 .03 .03 .02 .03 .02 .02 .03 .03  Wood 4 ................................................................ NA NA .26 .27 .24 .21 .17 .12 .14 .14  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 166 145 138 132 122 125 124 120 122 121 

Midwest Total (does not include wood) ............... 3.70 3.48 2.96 3.09 2.61 2.80 2.73 2.81 3.13 3.22 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ 2.53 2.48 2.05 2.22 1.78 1.99 1.83 1.88 2.07 2.20  Electricity 3 .......................................................... .60 .59 .60 .56 .56 .55 .61 .66 .74 .75  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .46 .31 .17 .19 .16 .13 .16 .13 .13 .11  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .12 .10 .15 .13 .11 .13 .13 .13 .19 .17  Wood 4 ................................................................ NA NA .25 .25 .27 .27 .25 .17 .11 .08  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 180 168 141 146 122 129 123 122 134 134 

South Total (does not include wood) ................... 2.43 2.30 2.57 2.41 2.45 2.50 2.61 2.60 2.95 3.01 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ .96 .91 1.12 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.09 1.03 1.18 1.13  Electricity 3 .......................................................... 1.00 .97 1.06 1.01 1.01 1.06 1.22 1.36 1.51 1.67  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .32 .28 .25 .14 .18 .16 .17 .11 .13 .10  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .15 .14 .14 .12 .12 .12 .12 .10 .13 .12  Wood 4 ................................................................ NA NA .23 .21 .33 .33 .26 .17 .17 .12  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 99 92 95 87 87 85 84 81 88 84 

West Total (does not include wood) .................... 1.54 1.47 1.34 1.42 1.33 1.45 1.42 1.51 1.55 1.63 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ .95 .88 .86 .90 .85 .91 .88 .92 .91 .93  Electricity 3 .......................................................... .48 .47 .41 .46 .41 .47 .48 .54 .56 .64  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .09 .09 .04 .03 .03 .04 .02 .02 .03 .03  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .03 .05 .03 .04 .04  Wood 4 ................................................................ NA NA .11 .13 .13 .17 .17 .12 .12 .10  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 110 100 84 87 81 85 78 78 76 75 

1 Includes energy consumption in occupied primary housing units only, which differs from residential

sector energy consumption.

2 See Appendix C for map of Census regions. 3 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu. 4 Wood is not included in the region and U.S. totals, or in the consumption-per-household data.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are estimates, and are for major energy sources only. • For years not shown, there are

no data available. • Data for 1978–1984 are for April of year sho

for 1987 forward are for the calendar year. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/conSources: • 1978 and 1979—U.S. Energy Information Admin

Energy Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIASurvey."
Figure 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures

Household Energy Consumption by End Use, Selected Years, Household Energy Expenditures, Selected Yea1978-20051Household Energy Consumption for Space Heating by Fuel 2005 Appliances, Electronics, and Lighting Expendi

Years, 1978-20051

52 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 For years not shown, there are no data available.2 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.3 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.

4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

Source: Table 2.5.

55

63

76

83 87

97 98

110

124

0

50

100150200250

Billion Dollars2

0

2

468

Quadrillion BtuSpace Heating

 1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005 

Appliances, Electronics, and Lighting

Water HeatingAir Conditioning

 1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993  1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 

Natural Gas

2.95

Electricity

0.28

Fuel0.75

LPG

0.32

20

29

32 34

39 42

49

56

0

20406080

100

Billion Dollars2

LPG4

0.32

Total = 4.30 Quadrillion Btu

Fuel Oil3

0.75

Electricty

 0.28 Natural Gas

2.95
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.5 Household 1 Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use, Selected Years, 

Year

Space Heating

Air

Conditioning Water Heating Applian

Natural

Gas

Electricity 3 Fuel Oil 4 LPG 5 Total Electricity 3 Natural Gas Elec- tricity 3 Fuel Oil 4 LPG 5 Total Natural Gas 

Consumption (quadrillion Btu)

1978 4.26 0.40 2.05 0.23 6.94 0.31 1.04 0.29 0.14 0.06 1.53 0.28 1980 3.41 .27 1.30 .23 5.21 .36 1.15 .30 .22 .07 1.74 .36 1981 3.69 .26 1.06 .21 5.22 .34 1.13 .30 .22 .06 1.71 .43 1982 3.14 .25 1.04 .19 4.62 .31 1.15 .28 .15 .06 1.64 .43 1984 3.51 .25 1.11 .21 5.08 .32 1.10 .32 .15 .06 1.63 .35 1987 3.38 .28 1.05 .22 4.93 .44 1.10 .31 .17 .06 1.64 .34 1990 3.37 .30 .93 .19 4.79 .48 1.16 .34 .11 .06 1.67 .33 1993 3.67 .41 .95 .30 5.33 .46 1.31 .34 .12 .05 1.82 .29 1997 3.61 .40 .91 .26 5.18 .42 1.29 .39 .16 .08 1.92 .37 2001 3.32 .39 .62 .28 4.61 .62 1.15 .36 .13 .05 1.69 .37 2005 2.95 .28 .75 .32 4.30 .88 1.41 .42 .14 .15 2.12 .43 

Expenditures (billion nominal dollars 6)

1978 11.49 3.53 8.06 1.05 24.13 3.97 2.88 3.15 0.56 0.36 6.95 0.93 1980 13.22 3.78 10.48 1.78 29.26 5.84 4.51 4.45 1.76 .57 11.29 1.91 1981 16.62 3.93 9.44 1.78 31.77 6.23 5.13 4.94 1.94 .51 12.52 2.17 1982 17.74 4.21 8.80 1.69 32.44 6.23 6.51 5.00 1.28 .54 13.33 2.58 1984 20.66 4.62 8.51 2.00 35.79 7.06 6.63 6.44 1.09 .58 14.74 2.31 1987 18.05 5.53 6.25 1.85 31.68 9.77 6.02 6.45 .94 .50 13.91 2.02 1990 18.59 6.16 7.42 2.01 34.18 11.23 6.59 7.21 .83 .65 15.28 2.03 1993 21.95 8.66 6.24 2.81 39.66 11.31 8.08 7.58 .74 .58 16.98 1.98 1997 24.11 8.56 6.57 2.79 42.03 10.20 8.84 8.99 1.04 .89 19.76 2.86 2001 31.84 8.98 5.66 4.04 50.52 15.94 11.31 8.47 1.15 .69 21.62 3.83 2005 31.97 7.42 10.99 6.35 56.73 25.26 15.57 11.13 2.00 3.28 31.98 4.80 

1 Includes energy consumption in occupied primary housing units only, which differs from

residential sector energy consumption. 2 Includes refrigerators. 3 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour=3,412 Btu. 4 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene. 5 Liquefied petroleum gases. 6 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.

Notes: • 2009 data for this table were not available in time 

• For years not shown, there are no data available. • Tot

due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.govSources: • 1978—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Energy Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Consumption Survey."
Figure 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics

Share of Households With Selected Appliances, 1980 and 2009 Space Heating by MaShare of Households With Selected Electronics, 1997 and 2009 Air-Conditioning Equip54 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Natural gas and electric.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Includes kerosene. 4 Coal, solar, other fuel, or no heating equipment.5 Video Cassette Recorder.

6 Digital Video Recorder.7 Not collected in 1997.

Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to indeSource: Table 2.6.

77

23

30

82 79

59

96

86

14

38

74

61

37

14

One Two or More Separate Clothes Clothes Dishwasher Microwave

0

20406080

100

Percent

1980 2009

1980 

0

20406080

100

Percent

Freezer Refrigerators

Washer Dryer1 Oven

21

33

44

51

43 41

35 32 37 29

88

29

6

One Two Three or More One Two or More

0

20406080

100

Percent

1997 2009

None 43%

Window/Wall

Unit 30%

Computers

50

35%

5%

6%

2% 1%

VCR5

(

7

)

Televisions

Central System

DVR6 27%
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics, Selected Years, 1978-2009

Appliance

Year 

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005 

Total Households (millions) .......... 77 78 82 83 84 86 91 94 97 101 107 111 

Percent of Households

Space Heating - Main Fuel 1

 Natural Gas .................................... 55 55 55 56 57 55 55 55 53 52 55 52  Electricity 2 ...................................... 16 17 18 17 16 17 20 23 26 29 29 30  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............ 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5  Distillate Fuel Oil 3 .......................... 20 17 15 14 13 12 12 11 11 9 7 7  Wood .............................................. 2 4 6 6 7 7 6 4 3 2 2 3  Other 4 or No Equipment ................ 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 

Air Conditioning - Equipment

 Central System 5 ............................ 23 24 27 27 28 30 34 39 44 47 55 59  Window/Wall Unit 5 ......................... 33 31 30 31 30 30 30 29 25 25 23 25  None ............................................... 44 45 43 42 42 40 36 32 32 28 23 16 

Water Heating - Main Fuel

 Natural Gas .................................... 55 55 54 55 56 54 54 53 53 52 54 53  Electricity 2 ...................................... 33 33 32 33 32 33 35 37 38 39 38 39  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............ 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4  Distillate Fuel Oil 3 .......................... 8 7 9 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 4  Other or No Water Heating ............. 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 

Appliances

 Refrigerator 6 .................................. 100 NA 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100  One ............................................... 86 NA 86 87 86 88 86 84 85 85 83 78  Two or More ................................. 14 NA 14 13 13 12 14 15 15 15 17 22  Separate Freezer ............................ 35 NA 38 38 37 37 34 34 35 33 32 32  Clothes Washer .............................. 74 NA 74 73 71 73 75 76 77 77 79 83  Clothes Dryer .................................. 59 NA 61 61 60 62 66 69 70 71 74 79  Natural Gas .................................. 14 NA 14 16 15 16 15 16 14 15 16 17  Electric .......................................... 45 NA 47 45 45 46 51 53 57 55 57 61  Dishwasher ..................................... 35 NA 37 37 36 38 43 45 45 50 53 58  Range/Stove/Oven ......................... 99 NA 99 100 99 99 99 100 100 99 100 99  Natural Gas .................................. 48 NA 46 46 47 46 43 42 33 35 35 35  Electric .......................................... 53 NA 57 56 56 57 60 59 63 62 62 62  Microwave Oven ............................. 8 NA 14 17 21 34 61 79 84 83 86 88 

Electronics

 Television ....................................... NA NA 98 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 99  One ............................................... NA NA 47 51 49 46 40 35 34 32 27 21  Two ............................................... NA NA 38 34 35 34 35 36 36 37 36 35  Three or More ............................... NA NA 14 14 15 18 23 28 28 29 36 43  Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) .... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 88 7 90 80  Digital Video Recorder (DVR) ......... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Computer ........................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 56 68  One ............................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 29 42 45  Two or More ................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6 15 23  Printer ............................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 12 49 59 

1 Includes households that have but do not use space heating equipment. 2 Retail (delivered) electricity. 3 Includes kerosene. 4 Coal, solar, or other fuels. 5 Households with both a central system and a window or wall unit are counted only under "Central

System." Includes households that have but do not use air conditioning equipment.

6 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator. 7 The 2001 "Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS)" only had one question for VCRs and

DVD players.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For years not shown, there are no dat

equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/consumption/rSources: • 1978 and 1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration 

• 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "RECS."
Figure 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2009

By Fuel TypeBy Fuel Type, Share of Total56 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Sum of components do not equal total due to independent rounding.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Includes coal coke.

4 Kerosene, solar, and other.

(s)=Less than 0.5.Source: Table 2.7.

57

38

8 6

2 

11

(s)

9

1

4

14

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal3 

0

204060

Million Occupied Housing Units1

1950 2009

51

34

7 5

2 

26

1

22

2

10

34

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal3 

0

204060

Percent

1950 2009
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2009

Year Coal 1

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Natural

Gas Electricity Wood Solar Other 2 

Million Occupied Housing Units

1950 14.48 9.46 4 ( ) 0.98 11.12 0.28 4.17 NA 0.77 1960 6.46 17.16 4 ( ) 2.69 22.85 .93 2.24 NA .22 1970 1.82 16.47 4 ( ) 3.81 35.01 4.88 .79 NA .27 1973 .80 17.24 4 ( ) 4.42 38.46 7.21 .60 NA .15 1975 .57 16.30 4 ( ) 4.15 40.93 9.17 .85 NA .08 1977 .45 15.62 .44 4.18 41.54 11.15 1.24 NA .15 1979 .36 15.30 .41 4.13 43.32 13.24 1.14 NA .10 1981 .36 14.13 .37 4.17 46.08 15.49 1.89 NA .10 1983 5 .43 12.59 .45 3.87 46.70 15.68 4.09 NA .16 1985 .45 12.44 1.06 3.58 45.33 18.36 6.25 .05 .37 1987 .41 12.74 1.08 3.66 45.96 20.61 5.45 .05 .28 1989 .34 12.47 1.07 3.66 47.40 23.06 4.59 .04 .40 1991 .32 11.47 .99 3.88 47.02 23.71 4.44 .03 .41 1993 .30 11.17 1.02 3.92 47.67 25.11 4.10 .03 .50 1995 .21 10.98 1.06 4.25 49.20 26.77 3.53 .02 .64 1997 .18 10.10 .75 5.40 51.05 29.20 1.79 .03 .36 1999 .17 10.03 .72 5.91 52.37 31.14 1.70 .02 .21 2001 6 .13 9.81 .65 6.04 54.13 32.41 1.67 .02 .19 2003 .13 9.50 .64 6.13 54.93 32.34 1.56 .02 .16 2005 .10 9.38 .55 6.23 56.32 34.26 1.41 .02 .21 2007 .09 8.74 .57 6.10 56.68 36.08 1.47 .02 .46 2009 .10 8.21 .60 5.82 56.81 37.85 1.78 .01 .24 

Percent

1950 33.8 22.1 4 ( ) 2.3 26.0 0.6 9.7 NA 1.8 1960 12.2 32.4 4 ( ) 5.1 43.1 1.8 4.2 NA .4 1970 2.9 26.0 4 ( ) 6.0 55.2 7.7 1.3 NA .4 1973 1.2 24.9 4 ( ) 6.4 55.5 10.4 .9 NA .2 1975 .8 22.5 4 ( ) 5.7 56.4 12.6 1.2 NA .1 1977 .6 20.7 .6 5.6 55.2 14.8 1.6 NA .2 1979 .5 19.5 .5 5.3 55.1 16.9 1.4 NA .1 1981 .4 17.0 .4 5.0 55.4 18.6 2.3 NA .1 1983 5 .5 14.9 .5 4.6 55.2 18.5 4.8 NA .2 1985 .5 14.1 1.2 4.1 51.3 20.8 7.1 .1 .4 1987 .4 14.0 1.2 4.0 50.6 22.7 6.0 .1 .3 1989 .4 13.3 1.1 3.9 50.6 24.6 4.9 (s) .4 1991 .3 12.3 1.1 4.2 50.5 25.5 4.8 (s) .4 1993 .3 11.8 1.1 4.1 50.3 26.5 4.3 (s) .5 1995 .2 11.2 1.1 4.4 50.4 27.4 3.6 (s) .7 1997 .2 10.2 .8 5.4 51.3 29.4 1.8 (s) .4 1999 .2 9.8 .7 5.7 50.9 30.3 1.7 (s) .2 2001 6 .1 9.3 .6 5.7 51.3 30.7 1.6 (s) .2 2003 .1 9.0 .6 5.8 51.9 30.6 1.5 (s) .1 2005 .1 8.6 .5 5.7 51.7 31.5 1.3 (s) .2 2007 .1 7.9 .5 5.5 51.2 32.6 1.3 (s) .4 2009 .1 7.3 .5 5.2 50.8 33.9 1.6 (s) .2 

1 Includes coal coke. 2 Includes briquettes (made of pitch and sawdust), coal dust, waste material (such as corncobs),

purchased steam, and other fuels not separately displayed.

3 In 1950 and 1960, also includes nonreporting units, which totaled 997 and 2,000 units, respectively. 4 Included in "Distillate Fuel Oil." 5 Beginning in 1983, the American Housing Survey for the United States has been a biennial survey. 6 Beginning in 2001, data are consistent with the 2000 Census. For 2001 data consistent with the 1990

Census, see American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent. 

Notes: • Includes mobile homes and individual housing units in apartm

more than one type of heating system are classified according to the • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#con

1950. • For related information, see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/a

Sources: • 1950, 1960, and 1970—Bureau of the Census, Cen

• 1973-1981—Bureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for thTable 2-5. • 1983 forward—Bureau of the Census, American Housibiennial surveys, Table 2-5.
Figure 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy

All Motor Vehicles, 1949-2010Mileage, 1966-2010 Fuel Consumption, 1966-2010 Fuel Economy, 1966-2058 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Miles per gallon.2 Miles per vehicle.3 Gallons per vehicle.4 Through 2006, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks. Beginning in 2007, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires or

a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding 10,000 pounds, and combination trucks.

5 Through 2006, data are for vans, pickup trucks, sport uti

trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans. Begpassenger cars, vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicleinches. 6Through 2006, data are for passenger cars (and, through 

in 2007, data are for passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and base equal to or less than 121 inches.

Source: Table 2.8.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1949=100 

Light-Duty Vehicles,

Short Wheelbase6

Light-Duty Vehicles,

Long Wheelbase5

Light-Duty Vehicles,

Long Wheelbase5

Heavy-Duty Trucks4

Heavy-Duty Trucks4

Light-Duty Vehicles,

Short Wheelbase6

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

08

1624

32

Thousand Miles per Vehicle

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1

2

345

Thousand Gallons per Vehicle

1970 1980 

05

10152025

Miles per Gallon
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Light-Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbase 1 Light-Duty Vehicles, Long Wheelbase 2 Heavy-Duty Trucks 3 

Mileage

Fuel

Consumption

Fuel

Economy Mileage

Fuel

Consumption

Fuel

Economy Mileage

Fuel

Consumption

Fuel

Economy Mileage

Miles per

Vehicle

Gallons

per Vehicle

Miles

per Gallon

Miles per

Vehicle

Gallons

per Vehicle

Miles

per Gallon

Miles per

vehicle

Gallons

per vehicle

Miles

per Gallon

Miles per

Vehicle

1949 9,388 627 15.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 9,712 1,080 9.0 9,498 1950 9,060 603 15.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,316 1,229 8.4 9,321 1955 9,447 645 14.6 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,576 1,293 8.2 9,661 1960 9,518 668 14.3 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,693 1,333 8.0 9,732 1965 9,603 661 14.5 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,851 1,387 7.8 9,826 1970 9,989 737 13.5 8,676 866 10.0 13,565 2,467 5.5 9,976 1975 9,309 665 14.0 9,829 934 10.5 15,167 2,722 5.6 9,627 1976 9,418 681 13.8 10,127 934 10.8 15,438 2,764 5.6 9,774 1977 9,517 676 14.1 10,607 947 11.2 16,700 3,002 5.6 9,978 1978 9,500 665 14.3 10,968 948 11.6 18,045 3,263 5.5 10,077 1979 9,062 620 14.6 10,802 905 11.9 18,502 3,380 5.5 9,722 1980 8,813 551 16.0 10,437 854 12.2 18,736 3,447 5.4 9,458 1981 8,873 538 16.5 10,244 819 12.5 19,016 3,565 5.3 9,477 1982 9,050 535 16.9 10,276 762 13.5 19,931 3,647 5.5 9,644 1983 9,118 534 17.1 10,497 767 13.7 21,083 3,769 5.6 9,760 1984 9,248 530 17.4 11,151 797 14.0 22,550 3,967 5.7 10,017 1985 9,419 538 17.5 10,506 735 14.3 20,597 3,570 5.8 10,020 1986 9,464 543 17.4 10,764 738 14.6 22,143 3,821 5.8 10,143 1987 9,720 539 18.0 11,114 744 14.9 23,349 3,937 5.9 10,453 1988 9,972 531 18.8 11,465 745 15.4 22,485 3,736 6.0 10,721 1989 10,157 533 19.0 11,676 724 16.1 22,926 3,776 6.1 10,932 1990 10,504 520 20.2 11,902 738 16.1 23,603 3,953 6.0 11,107 1991 10,571 501 21.1 12,245 721 17.0 24,229 4,047 6.0 11,294 1992 10,857 517 21.0 12,381 717 17.3 25,373 4,210 6.0 11,558 1993 10,804 527 20.5 12,430 714 17.4 26,262 4,309 6.1 11,595 1994 10,992 531 20.7 12,156 701 17.3 25,838 4,202 6.1 11,683 1995 11,203 530 21.1 12,018 694 17.3 26,514 4,315 6.1 11,793 1996 11,330 534 21.2 11,811 685 17.2 26,092 4,221 6.2 11,813 1997 11,581 539 21.5 12,115 703 17.2 27,032 4,218 6.4 12,107 1998 11,754 544 21.6 12,173 707 17.2 25,397 4,135 6.1 12,211 1999 11,848 553 21.4 11,957 701 17.0 26,014 4,352 6.0 12,206 2000 11,976 547 21.9 11,672 669 17.4 25,617 4,391 5.8 12,164 2001 11,831 534 22.1 11,204 636 17.6 26,602 4,477 5.9 11,887 2002 12,202 555 22.0 11,364 650 17.5 27,071 4,642 5.8 12,171 2003 12,325 556 22.2 11,287 697 16.2 28,093 4,215 6.7 12,208 2004 12,460 553 22.5 11,184 690 16.2 27,023 4,057 6.7 12,200 2005 12,510 567 22.1 10,920 617 17.7 26,235 4,385 6.0 12,082 2006 12,485 554 22.5 10,920 612 17.8 25,231 4,304 5.9 12,017 2007 1,R10,710 1,R468 1,R22.9 2,R14,970 2,R877 2,R17.1 3,R28,290 3,R4,398 3,R6.4 R11,915 2008 R10,290 R435 R23.7 R15,256 R880 R17.3 R28,573 R4,387 R6.5 R11,631 2009 10,391 442 23.5 15,252 882 17.3 26,274 4,037 6.5 11,631 2010P 10,649 453 23.5 15,463 898 17.2 26,609 4,174 6.4 11,853 

1 Through 2006, data are for passenger cars (and, through 1989, for motorcycles). Beginning in 2007,

data are for passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles with a wheelbase equal to or lessthan 121 inches. 2 Through 2006, data are for vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, and a small number of trucks with2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans. Beginning in 2007, data are for large passenger cars, vans, pickuptrucks, and sport utility vehicles with a wheelbase larger than 121 inches. 3 Through 2006, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks. Beginning in 2007, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires or a gross vehicle weightrating exceeding 10,000 pounds, and combination trucks.

4 Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately display5 Included in "Heavy-Duty Trucks."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#c

1949. • For related information, see http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinf

Sources: Light-Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbase, 1990-1994: 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics • 1949-1994—Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway VM-201A. • 1995 forward—FHWA, Highway Statistics, annual report
Figure 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source

By Survey Year, 1979-2003By Census Region, 200360 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.

Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error 

fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Note: See Appendix C for map of Census regions.Source: Table 2.9.

1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 19

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity1

Natural Gas

District Heat

Fuel Oil2

0.2 0.2 0.2

0.2 

0.5

0.8

0.5 0.4

0.6

0.8

1.5

0.6

Northeast Midwest South West 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity1 Natural Gas Fuel Oil2 District Heat

(s) (s) (s) Q
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Energy Source

and Year

Square Footage Category Principal Building Activity Census R

1,001 to

10,000

10,001 to

100,000

Over

100,000 Education

Food

Sales

Food

Service

Health

Care Lodging

Mercantile

and Service Office

All

Other Northeast Midwest 

Major Sources 2

1979 ................ 1,255 2,202 1,508 511 3 ( ) 336 469 278 894 861 1,616 1,217 1,826 

1983 ................ 1,242 1,935 1,646 480 3 ( ) 414 463 362 812 1,018 1,274 858 1,821 1986 ................ 1,273 2,008 1,696 633 147 247 456 299 985 1,008 1,202 1,037 1,585 1989 ................ 1,259 2,402 2,127 704 139 255 449 425 1,048 1,230 1,538 1,354 1,659 1992 ................ 1,258 2,301 1,932 637 137 307 403 463 892 1,247 1,404 1,090 1,578 1995 4 ............. 1,332 2,152 1,838 614 137 332 561 461 973 1,019 1,225 1,035 1,497 

1999 ................ 1,381 2,300 2,053 649 201 447 515 450 1,145 1,089 1,237 1,116 1,509 2003 ................ 1,248 2,553 2,721 820 251 427 594 510 1,333 1,134 1,455 1,396 1,799 

Electricity 5

1979 ................ 429 872 608 163 3 ( ) 171 129 119 361 424 543 425 593 

1983 ................ 469 903 758 152 3 ( ) 212 147 151 426 509 532 324 673 1986 ................ 654 927 809 179 99 121 132 120 536 641 563 430 584 1989 ................ 572 1,145 1,056 217 105 113 154 138 550 781 715 586 609 1992 ................ 586 991 1,033 235 113 138 138 189 444 704 649 419 622 1995 4 ............. 618 1,064 926 221 119 166 211 187 508 676 521 436 558 

1999 ................ 698 1,235 1,164 257 165 216 232 196 659 767 606 543 662 2003 ................ 685 1,405 1,469 371 208 217 248 235 883 719 679 587 799 

Natural Gas

1979 ................ 646 996 532 214 3 ( ) 145 221 115 422 272 784 443 1,007 

1983 ................ 684 809 597 246 3 ( ) 188 218 170 327 365 576 278 978 1986 ................ 485 715 523 254 45 114 205 105 332 258 409 244 742 1989 ................ 568 836 670 323 27 128 186 187 417 238 566 353 831 1992 ................ 572 1,017 586 291 24 157 189 193 381 388 552 354 747 1995 4 ............. 535 830 580 245 18 158 258 213 395 239 420 297 750 

1999 ................ 604 803 616 227 31 216 217 181 446 219 486 299 709 2003 ................ 482 909 709 268 39 203 243 215 403 269 460 462 751 

Fuel Oil 6

1979 ................ 177 272 231 107 3 ( ) 15 97 20 103 107 232 285 133 

1983 ................ 85 140 90 61 3 ( ) Q 28 18 43 75 79 172 28 1986 ................ 114 206 121 103 Q Q Q 20 105 39 130 270 63 1989 ................ 101 170 86 71 Q Q 17 10 76 43 122 237 61 1992 ................ 86 111 75 62 Q Q 21 16 55 47 67 194 26 1995 4 ............. 71 104 60 57 Q Q 21 Q 49 28 70 168 16 

1999 ................ 29 73 60 48 Q Q 19 Q 18 29 65 138 5 2003 ................ 71 74 83 47 Q Q 11 35 41 18 68 181 24 

District Heat 7

1979 ................ Q 61 136 27 3 ( ) Q 22 24 Q 58 57 64 93 

1983 ................ Q 83 202 21 3 ( ) Q 70 22 Q 68 87 84 141 1986 ................ Q 159 243 97 Q Q 80 Q 12 71 99 94 196 1989 ................ 19 252 315 Q Q Q 92 Q Q 167 134 179 159 1992 ................ Q 182 238 49 NC Q 55 65 Q 109 135 123 183 1995 4 ............. Q 154 271 91 Q Q 70 57 Q 75 214 135 173 

1999 ................ Q 158 213 117 Q Q 46 68 Q 74 126 136 132 2003 ................ Q 165 460 134 NC Q Q Q Q 128 247 166 225 

1 See Appendix C for map of Census regions. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat. 3 Included in "Food Service." 4 Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and

parking garages.

5 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses. 6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only. Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and

non-purchased steam and hot water.

Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20

buildings were sampled. NC=No cases in the sample.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all bu

"Major Sources" are for the sum of "Electricity," "Natural Gas," "Fuel buildings using any of those fuels.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/consumpSources: • 1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA

Buildings Energy Consumption Survey." • 1983—EIA, Form EIA-78Consumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "NonresidenSurvey." • 1989 forward—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildin
Figure 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selecte

Buildings by Energy Source Used Consumption Consumption per SquaSquare Footage per Building by Expenditures Expenditures Per SquaEnergy Source Used62 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.3 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: For years not shown, there are no data available. Source: Table 2.10.

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

1

2

345

Thousands of Buildings

1979 1983 1986 

0

255075

100125

Thousand Btu

Fuel Oil2

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

District Heat District Heat

Natural Gas Natural Gas

Electricity1

Fuel Oil2 

Fuel Oil2

Electricity1

1979 1983 1986 198

0

0.30.60.9

1.2

1.5

Dollars3

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

306090

Billion Dollars3

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

306090

Thousand Square Feet 

Natural Gas

Fuel Oil2

Fuel O

Electricity1

Electricity1

Natural Gas

District Heat

District Heat
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 

Energy Source

and Year

Building Characteristics Energy Consumption Energy Expe

Number of

Buildings

Total

Square Feet

Square Feet

per Building Total

Per

Building

Per

Square Foot

Per

Employee Total

Per

Building

Thousands Millions Thousands Trillion Btu Million Btu Thousand Btu Million Btu Million Dollars 1 Thousand Dollars 1 

Major Sources 2

1979 ...................... 3,073 43,546 14.2 5,008 1,630 115.0 85.0 33,821 11.0 1983 ...................... 3,185 49,471 15.5 4,856 1,525 98.2 65.7 55,764 17.5 1986 ...................... 4,154 58,199 14.0 5,040 1,213 86.6 68.6 60,762 14.6 1989 ...................... 4,528 63,184 14.0 5,788 1,278 91.6 81.9 70,826 15.6 1992 ...................... 4,806 67,876 14.1 5,490 1,142 80.9 77.1 71,821 14.9 1995 3 ................... 4,579 58,772 12.8 5,321 1,162 90.5 69.3 69,918 15.3 

1999 ...................... 4,657 67,338 14.5 5,733 1,231 85.1 70.0 81,552 17.5 2003 ...................... 4,859 71,658 14.7 6,523 1,342 91.0 5 ( ) 107,897 22.2 

Electricity 4

1979 ...................... 3,001 43,153 14.4 1,908 636 44.2 32.4 23,751 7.9 1983 ...................... 3,052 48,327 15.8 2,129 697 44.1 28.9 39,279 12.9 1986 ...................... 3,965 56,508 14.3 2,390 603 42.3 32.7 47,186 11.9 1989 ...................... 4,294 61,563 14.3 2,773 646 45.0 39.3 55,943 13.0 1992 ...................... 4,611 66,525 14.4 2,609 566 39.2 36.6 57,619 12.5 1995 3 ................... 4,343 57,076 13.1 2,608 600 45.7 34.1 56,621 13.0 

1999 ...................... 4,395 65,716 15.0 3,098 706 47.1 37.9 66,424 15.1 2003 ...................... 4,617 70,181 15.2 3,559 771 50.7 5 ( ) 82,783 17.9 

Natural Gas

1979 ...................... 1,864 30,477 16.4 2,174 1,167 71.3 52.5 5,814 3.1 1983 ...................... 1,904 33,935 17.8 2,091 1,098 61.6 40.6 11,443 6.0 1986 ...................... 2,214 37,263 16.8 1,723 778 46.2 35.2 8,355 3.8 1989 ...................... 2,420 41,143 17.0 2,073 857 50.4 43.2 9,204 3.8 1992 ...................... 2,657 44,994 16.9 2,174 818 48.3 42.5 9,901 3.7 1995 3 ................... 2,478 38,145 15.4 1,946 785 51.0 38.7 9,018 3.6 

1999 ...................... 2,670 45,525 17.1 2,023 758 44.4 36.0 10,609 4.0 2003 ...................... 2,538 48,473 19.1 2,100 828 43.3 5 ( ) 16,010 6.3 

Fuel Oil 6

1979 ...................... 641 11,397 17.8 681 1,063 59.7 40.5 2,765 4.3 1983 ...................... 441 9,409 21.3 314 714 33.4 19.8 2,102 4.8 1986 ...................... 534 11,005 20.6 442 827 40.1 27.7 2,059 3.9 1989 ...................... 581 12,600 21.7 357 614 28.3 21.0 1,822 3.1 1992 ...................... 560 13,215 23.6 272 487 20.6 15.1 1,400 2.5 1995 3 ................... 607 14,421 23.7 235 387 16.3 10.2 1,175 1.9 

1999 ...................... 434 13,285 30.6 179 412 13.5 9.1 956 2.2 2003 ...................... 465 16,265 35.0 228 490 14.0 5 ( ) 1,826 3.9 

District Heat 7

1979 ...................... 47 3,722 79.0 201 4,267 54.0 26.5 1,267 26.9 1983 ...................... 64 4,643 72.9 289 4,530 62.1 34.4 2,627 41.2 1986 ...................... 77 4,625 59.7 422 5,446 91.2 52.4 2,620 33.8 1989 ...................... 98 6,578 67.0 585 5,964 89.0 56.5 3,857 39.3 1992 ...................... 95 5,245 55.4 435 4,596 82.9 60.9 2,901 30.7 1995 3 ................... 110 5,658 51.5 533 4,849 94.1 51.2 3,103 28.3 

1999 ...................... 117 5,891 50.2 433 3,692 73.6 50.1 3,564 30.4 2003 ...................... 67 5,576 83.0 636 9,470 114.0 5 ( ) 7,279 108.4 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat. 3 Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and

parking garages.

4 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses. 5 Total number of employees not collected in 2003. 6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only. Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and

non-purchased steam and hot water.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all bui

major sources are for all buildings, even buildings using no major fuel.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/consumptSources: • 1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA

Buildings Energy Consumption Survey." • 1983—EIA, Form EIA-788Consumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "NonresidentSurvey." • 1989 forward—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildin
Figure 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

By End UseBy Principal Building Activity64 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1,340

481 436

381

167 156

88 69 

Lighting Cooling Ventilation Refrigeration Space Computers Water Office 

0

500

1,0001,500

Trillion Btu

Heating Heating Equipment

and Storage Assembly

733 719

371

248 244 235 217 208

167 

Mercantile Office Education Health Care Warehouse Lodging Food Service Food Sales Public 

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu (Cumulative)All Other End Uses Cooling Lighting

1 Examples of “other” include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers,

hoists, and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers, and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters, and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; signmotors, time clocks, vending machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards,fire alarms, intercoms, television sets, radios, projectors, and door operators.

2 Religious worship, public order and safety, vacant, and bu

the other named categories.

Note: Data are estimates for electricity consumption, exc

losses.

Source: Table 2.11.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

 (Trillion Btu)

End Use

Space

Heating Cooling Ventilation

Water

Heating Lighting Cooking Refrigeration

Office

Equipment Com

All Buildings .................................... 167 481 436 88 1,340 24 381 69 Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 15 74 83 11 113 2 16 4  Food Sales ................................... 6 12 7 Q 46 2 119 2  Food Service ................................ 10 28 24 10 42 13 70 2  Health Care .................................. 6 34 42 2 105 1 8 4  Inpatient ..................................... 3 25 38 2 76 1 4 2  Outpatient .................................. 3 9 4 (s) 28 (s) 4 2  Lodging ......................................... 14 24 14 12 124 2 12 Q  Mercantile ..................................... 58 109 68 38 308 2 49 8  Retail (Other Than Mall) ............ 6 25 16 2 111 (s) 22 3  Enclosed and Strip Malls ........... 52 84 51 36 197 2 27 5  Office ............................................ 33 101 63 7 281 1 35 32  Public Assembly ........................... 5 35 63 (s) 27 (s) 9 Q  Public Order and Safety ............... 2 8 10 3 18 (s) 3 1  Religious Worship ......................... 3 11 5 (s) 17 (s) 6 (s)  Service .......................................... 6 15 24 (s) 63 Q 9 1  Warehouse and Storage ............... 5 13 20 2 132 Q 36 2  Other 2 .......................................... 2 16 11 Q 59 Q 10 Q  Vacant .......................................... 1 2 1 Q 4 Q (s) Q 

1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers, hoists,

and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters,and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign motors, time clocks, vendingmachines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets,radios, projectors, and door operators. 2 Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other named categories.

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater

than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • Data are estimates for electricity consumption, ex

• One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/conSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "Commercia

2003," Table E3A.
Energy Consumption by Sector

Note. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system energy losses arecalculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electricpower sector—see Table 2.1f—and the total energy content of electricity retailsales—see Tables 8.9 and A6. Most of these losses occur at steam-electricpower plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy intomechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamicallynecessary feature of the steam-electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output

losses is a result of imputing fossil energy equivgeothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind enconversion losses, other losses included power pmission and distribution of electricity from power (also called “line losses”), and unaccounted for elcated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each secsales. Overall, about two thirds of total energy Currently, of electricity generated, approximately 

and 7 percent is lost in transmission and distributio

66 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
3. Financial In
Figure 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices

Prices, 1949-2011Fossil Fuel Composite Price,2 Change From Previous Year, 1950-201168 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators

in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 Based on real prices in chained (2005) dollars. See “Cha

Source: Table 3.1.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

05

101520

Real (2005) Dollars1 per Million Btu 

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

-60-40-20

0

204060

Percent
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Dollars per Million Btu)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3 Fossil 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 

1949 0.21 1.45 0.05 0.37 0.44 3.02 0.26 1950 .21 1.41 .06 .43 .43 R2.95 .26 1955 .19 1.12 .09 .54 .48 2.88 .27 1960 .19 1.04 .13 .68 .50 2.67 .28 1965 .18 .92 .15 .73 .49 R2.47 .28 1970 .27 1.09 .15 .63 .55 R2.25 .32 1975 .85 2.52 .40 1.20 1.32 3.94 .82 1976 .86 2.41 .53 R1.49 1.41 3.98 .90 1977 .88 2.34 .72 R1.91 1.48 3.91 1.01 1978 .98 2.43 .84 2.07 1.55 3.84 1.12 1979 1.06 R2.41 1.08 2.47 2.18 4.98 1.42 1980 1.10 2.30 1.45 3.03 3.72 R7.79 2.04 1981 1.18 R2.26 1.80 R3.43 5.48 R10.48 R2.74 1982 1.23 2.21 2.22 4.01 4.92 8.87 2.76 1983 1.18 R2.04 2.32 4.03 4.52 R7.83 2.70 1984 1.16 1.95 2.40 4.01 4.46 R7.46 2.65 1985 1.15 1.87 2.26 R3.66 4.15 R6.74 2.51 1986 1.09 R1.72 1.75 R2.77 2.16 R3.42 1.65 1987 1.05 R1.62 1.50 2.32 2.66 4.10 1.70 1988 1.01 1.51 1.52 R2.27 2.17 3.24 1.53 1989 1.00 1.44 1.53 R2.19 2.73 3.93 1.67 1990 1.00 1.38 1.55 2.14 3.45 4.78 1.84 1991 .99 R1.32 1.48 1.98 2.85 R3.81 1.67 1992 .97 1.27 1.57 2.05 2.76 3.60 1.66 1993 .93 R1.18 1.84 2.36 2.46 3.14 1.67 1994 .91 R1.13 1.67 R2.09 2.27 R2.84 1.53 1995 .88 1.08 1.40 1.72 2.52 3.09 1.47 1996 .87 1.04 1.96 R2.35 3.18 3.83 1.82 1997 .85 1.01 2.10 2.48 2.97 3.51 1.81 1998 .83 R.96 1.77 2.07 1.87 2.19 1.41 1999 .79 .91 1.98 2.28 2.68 3.09 1.65 2000 .80 .90 3.32 3.75 4.61 R5.19 2.60 2001 .84 .92 3.62 3.99 3.77 4.15 2.53 2002 .87 .94 2.67 2.90 3.88 4.21 2.21 2003 .87 .93 R4.42 R4.70 4.75 5.05 R3.10 2004 .98 1.01 4.95 5.11 6.34 6.55 3.61 2005 1.16 1.16 6.64 6.64 8.67 8.67 4.74 2006 1.24 1.20 5.79 5.61 10.29 9.97 4.73 2007 1.29 1.21 R5.67 R5.34 11.47 R10.80 4.95 2008 1.55 1.42 7.25 6.67 16.21 14.93 6.52 2009 1.67 1.52 3.33 3.04 9.72 R8.85 3.97 2010 1.77 R1.59 R4.08 R3.68 12.88 R11.61 R4.96 2011P 1.83 1.62 3.60 3.18 16.51 14.56 5.50 

1 Free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point of first sale,

excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.

2 Wellhead prices (converted to dollars per million Btu using marketed production heat contents). See

"Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. 3 Domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price" in Glossary. 4 Derived by multiplying the price per Btu of each fossil fuel by the total Btu content of the production ofeach fossil fuel and dividing this accumulated value of total fossil fuel production by the accumulated Btucontent of total fossil fuel production.

5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domesti

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. 7 Based on real values.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less th

percent. 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gSources: Tables 5.18, 6.7, 7.9, A2, A4, and A5.
Figure 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Imports, and Exports

Overview, 1949-2011 Production by Fuel, 1949-2011Overview, 201170 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Production

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Sources: Tables 3.2, 3.7, and 3.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100125150175200

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

50

100150200250300350400450

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1 Production

Exports

Imports

334

453

128

Production Imports Exports

0

100200300400500

Billion Nominal Dollars2
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3,4 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nomi

1949 2.52 R17.37 0.33 2.24 4.68 R32.27 71950 2.91 R19.84 .44 3.00 4.95 R33.80 81955 2.30 R13.87 .94 5.67 6.88 R41.45 101960 2.10 R11.27 1.79 9.61 7.42 R39.84 111965 2.40 R12.03 2.57 R12.87 8.15 R40.86 131970 3.88 R15.96 3.73 R15.31 11.19 R45.96 181975 12.67 R37.71 8.85 R26.34 23.45 R69.80 441976 13.40 R37.72 11.57 R32.58 24.37 R68.63 491977 13.91 R36.81 15.82 R41.87 25.79 R68.26 551978 14.65 R36.23 18.18 R44.95 28.60 R70.74 611979 18.55 R42.36 24.16 R55.15 39.45 R90.08 821980 20.45 R42.79 32.09 R67.14 67.93 R142.14 1201981 21.75 R41.61 39.51 R75.59 99.40 R190.16 1601982 22.84 R41.18 45.71 R82.42 90.03 R162.34 1581983 20.32 R35.24 43.73 R75.85 83.05 R144.05 1471984 22.94 R38.36 48.69 R81.40 84.10 R140.60 1551985 22.27 R36.13 43.35 R70.34 78.88 R128.00 1441986 21.18 R33.62 32.71 R51.92 39.63 R62.92 931987 21.20 R32.70 29.11 R44.91 46.93 R72.40 971988 20.97 R31.28 30.28 R45.17 37.48 R55.90 881989 21.40 R30.76 30.58 R43.95 44.07 R63.34 961990 22.39 R30.99 31.80 R44.00 53.77 R74.42 1071991 21.40 R28.61 30.39 R40.62 44.77 R59.84 961992 20.98 R27.39 32.56 R42.51 41.97 R54.79 951993 18.77 R23.97 38.72 R49.46 35.61 R45.49 931994 20.06 R25.09 36.46 R45.61 32.07 R40.12 881995 19.45 R23.84 30.24 R37.05 35.00 R42.89 841996 19.68 R23.67 42.99 R51.70 43.68 R52.52 1061997 19.77 R23.36 46.09 R54.46 40.57 R47.94 1061998 19.75 R23.07 39.12 R45.71 24.80 R28.98 831999 18.30 R21.07 43.37 R49.94 33.40 R38.46 952000 18.02 R20.30 74.33 R83.77 56.93 R64.17 1492001 19.60 R21.60 82.28 R90.69 46.25 R50.97 1482002 19.68 R21.34 58.66 R63.63 47.21 R51.20 1252003 19.13 R20.32 97.47 R103.55 57.14 R60.70 1732004 22.16 22.90 106.57 R110.10 72.93 R75.35 2012005 26.69 26.69 138.74 138.74 95.03 95.03 2602006 29.25 R28.34 124.03 R120.15 111.16 R107.68 2642007 30.04 R28.28 126.23 R118.83 122.96 R115.75 2792008 36.62 R33.72 R168.26 R154.96 170.38 R156.92 R3752009 35.73 R32.56 R79.45 R72.40 110.25 R100.48 R2252010 R38.61 R34.79 R100.36 R90.42 R149.32 R134.54 R2882011P 40.39 35.63 95.47 84.22 197.83 174.51 333

1 Coal values are based on free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal

at the point of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" inGlossary.

2 Natural gas values are for marketed production based on wellhead prices. See "Natural Gas

Marketed Production" and "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.

3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Crude oil values are based on domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First

Purchase Price" in Glossary.

5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domest

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepenWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gSources: Tables 5.1b, 5.18, 6.2, 6.7, 7.2, and 7.9.
Figure 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source

Total Energy, 1970-2010 By Energy Type, 2010Prices3 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2010 By Petroleum Product, 201072 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Gasoline Fuel Oil

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

Prior to 2001, also includes non-biomass waste. 3 Based on nominal dollars.

4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

5 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and roa

lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, specineous petroleum products.

Source: Table 3.3.

Electricity

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0369

12

1518

21

24

Dollars1 per Million Btu

28.92

20.32

7.41

3.45 

Retail Petroleum Natural Bioma

05

101520253035

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Gas 

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

048

12

1620

Index: 1970=1.00

Natural Gas

Petroleum

21.98

20.62

19.61

16.

Motor Distillate LPG Jet F

05

10152025

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Nuclear Fuel

Coal

Biomass2

 4
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2010

 (Dollars 1 per Million Btu)

Year

Primary Energy 2

Electric

Power

Sector 11,12

Coal 

Natural

Gas 3

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel Biomass 8 Total 9,10

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 4 LPG 5

Motor

Gasoline 6

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 7 Total

1970 0.38 0.59 1.16 0.73 1.43 2.85 0.42 1.38 1.71 0.18 1.29 1.08 0.32 1971 .42 .63 1.22 .77 1.46 2.90 .58 1.45 1.78 .18 1.31 1.15 .38 1972 .45 .68 1.22 .79 1.49 2.88 .62 1.49 1.78 .18 1.33 1.18 .42 1973 .48 .73 1.46 .92 R2.00 3.10 .75 1.58 1.97 .19 1.39 1.29 .47 1974 .88 .89 2.44 1.58 R2.80 4.32 1.82 2.60 R3.06 .20 1.50 1.94 .87 1975 1.03 1.18 2.60 2.05 R2.96 4.65 1.93 2.94 R3.35 .24 1.50 2.19 .97 1976 1.04 1.46 2.77 2.25 R3.20 4.84 1.90 3.08 R3.47 .25 1.53 2.34 1.03 1977 1.11 1.76 3.11 2.59 R3.66 5.13 2.14 3.27 3.73 .27 1.58 2.58 1.17 1978 1.27 1.95 3.26 2.87 R3.61 5.24 2.08 3.45 3.84 .30 1.61 R2.72 1.27 1979 1.36 2.31 4.69 3.90 R4.50 7.11 2.83 4.70 5.23 .34 1.88 3.47 1.50 1980 1.46 2.86 6.70 6.36 R5.64 9.84 3.88 7.04 7.40 .43 2.26 4.57 1.77 1981 1.64 3.43 8.03 7.57 R6.19 10.94 4.91 8.67 8.68 .48 2.52 5.25 2.04 1982 1.73 4.23 7.78 7.23 R6.68 10.39 4.65 7.87 R8.40 .54 2.60 R5.33 2.05 1983 1.70 4.72 7.32 6.53 R7.20 9.12 4.50 7.60 7.77 .58 2.44 R5.12 2.02 1984 1.71 4.75 7.37 6.25 R6.95 8.89 4.75 7.72 7.68 .67 2.53 5.04 2.02 1985 1.69 4.61 7.22 5.91 R6.63 9.01 4.30 7.55 7.63 .71 2.47 R4.93 1.91 1986 1.62 4.07 5.68 3.92 R6.49 6.79 2.37 5.80 R5.74 .70 2.12 3.97 1.60 1987 1.53 3.77 5.97 4.03 R6.11 7.23 2.86 5.63 6.04 .71 2.07 4.00 1.57 1988 1.50 3.78 5.83 3.80 R5.92 7.33 2.35 5.26 5.91 .73 2.09 3.89 1.49 1989 1.48 3.82 6.43 4.39 R5.58 8.02 2.72 5.50 6.43 .70 1.42 4.07 1.51 1990 1.49 3.82 7.68 5.68 R6.83 9.12 3.17 5.82 7.47 .67 1.32 R4.46 1.48 1991 1.48 3.74 7.29 4.83 R6.87 8.93 2.62 5.73 R7.20 .63 1.39 R4.29 1.40 1992 1.45 3.83 7.09 4.52 R6.25 8.96 2.28 5.51 7.07 .59 1.32 4.24 1.38 1993 1.42 4.10 7.08 4.29 R6.27 8.83 2.26 5.49 R7.01 .56 1.28 R4.26 1.40 1994 1.39 4.08 6.99 3.95 6.61 8.96 2.32 5.47 7.06 .56 1.39 4.27 1.36 1995 1.37 3.73 6.98 4.00 6.51 9.22 2.46 5.74 7.28 .54 1.40 4.23 1.29 1996 1.33 4.25 7.87 4.82 7.98 9.85 2.80 6.20 8.01 .51 1.25 4.63 1.35 1997 1.32 4.53 7.66 4.53 7.39 9.81 2.93 5.89 7.86 .51 1.15 4.66 1.38 1998 1.29 4.13 6.57 3.35 5.95 8.45 2.15 5.02 6.63 .50 1.27 4.08 1.32 1999 1.27 4.16 7.19 4.01 6.60 9.31 2.51 5.30 7.33 .48 1.34 4.37 1.33 2000 1.24 R5.61 9.86 6.64 9.55 11.89 4.32 7.04 9.82 .46 R1.57 5.70 1.71 2001 1.29 6.87 9.18 5.72 R9.53 11.34 3.99 6.41 9.32 .44 2.08 5.83 1.85 2002 1.30 5.31 8.64 5.33 8.09 10.69 3.91 6.59 8.83 .43 2.19 5.25 1.54 2003 1.32 7.08 10.05 6.46 10.32 12.34 4.75 7.62 10.31 .42 1.98 6.28 1.84 2004 1.41 7.91 12.23 8.93 12.24 14.67 4.92 8.56 12.27 .42 2.17 7.37 2.00 2005 1.62 9.92 16.41 12.86 14.58 17.89 6.65 10.98 15.53 .43 3.10 9.24 2.61 2006 1.78 9.62 18.55 14.80 16.85 20.27 7.93 13.37 17.92 .44 R3.13 10.21 2.48 2007 1.88 9.31 19.87 16.01 18.76 22.01 8.57 14.94 19.47 .46 R3.32 R10.74 2.68 2008 2.21 10.83 26.33 22.56 23.35 25.53 12.64 18.83 24.18 .47 R3.69 12.93 3.21 2009 2.33 R7.67 16.98 12.61 16.38 18.51 9.69 R14.30 R16.87 .55 R3.27 9.37 R2.45 2010 2.42 7.41 20.62 16.28 19.61 21.98 11.70 17.97 20.32 .62 3.45 10.63 2.62 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Consumption-weighted average prices for all sectors, including the electric power sector. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includes

kerosene-type jet fuel only. 5 Liquefied petroleum gases. 6 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 7 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleumproducts.

8 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through

2000, also includes non-biomass waste.

9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed. In 2010, coal coke

imports averaged 13.37 dollars per million Btu, and coal coke exports averaged 6.74 dollars per million Btu.

10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. For 1981–1992, also includes fuel

ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.

11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to s

heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginninutilities and independent power producers.

12 Consumption-weighted average electric power sector price for coal, n

fuel, wood, waste, and electricity imports.

13 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric u

other energy service providers.

14 Consumption-weighted average price for primary energy and retail e

sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes sector.

R=Revised. Notes: • Prices include taxes where data are available. • There 

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sedSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 20

(June 2012), U.S. Table ET1. 
Figure 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2010

By Sector Residential Sector by Major SourceCommercial Sector by Major Source Industrial Sector by Major Source74 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

22.40

21.00 20.90

12.04

Residential Transportation Commercial Industrial

05

10152025

Dollars1 per Million Btu

33.81

23.46

Retail Petroleum 

0

10203040

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Electricity 

19.89

17.58

6.25

Retail Petroleum Natural 

05

10152025

Dollars1 per Million Btu

29.87

18.69

9.20

Retail Petroleum Natural

05

101520253035

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Electricity Gas Gas Electricity

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. 

Notes: • Consumer prices are intended to represent pri

they include taxes where data are available. • There are no geothermal, wind, or solar energy. 

Source: Table 3.4.
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2010

 (Dollars 1 per Million Btu)

Year

Residential Commercial Industrial 

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 4

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 6,7 Coal

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5 Biomass 8

Retail

Electricity 3 

1970 1.06 1.54 6.51 2.10 0.75 R0.90 6.09 1.97 0.45 0.38 0.98 1.59 2.99 1971 1.12 1.59 6.80 2.24 .80 1.02 6.44 2.15 .50 .41 1.05 1.59 3.22 1972 1.18 R1.61 7.09 2.37 .86 1.05 6.71 2.32 .55 .46 1.05 1.59 3.40 1973 1.26 R2.09 7.44 2.71 .91 R1.20 7.06 2.55 .63 .50 1.18 1.60 3.66 1974 1.42 2.85 9.09 3.38 1.05 R2.25 8.91 R3.40 1.22 .67 R2.25 1.60 4.95 1975 1.67 R3.02 10.29 3.80 1.32 R2.39 10.11 R4.06 1.50 .95 R2.47 1.60 6.07 1976 1.94 R3.24 10.93 R4.13 1.61 R2.49 10.82 4.38 1.50 1.21 R2.58 1.60 6.48 1977 2.30 3.64 11.87 4.76 2.00 R2.84 11.99 5.12 1.56 1.48 R2.85 1.59 7.33 1978 2.52 R3.77 12.63 5.13 2.20 R2.92 12.78 R5.49 1.73 1.66 R2.97 1.60 8.18 1979 2.92 R5.32 13.60 5.99 2.69 R4.14 13.72 R6.27 1.75 1.96 R4.00 1.60 8.94 1980 3.60 7.24 15.71 7.46 3.32 R5.62 16.06 7.83 1.87 2.52 R5.76 1.67 10.81 1981 4.19 R8.65 18.17 8.82 3.91 R6.95 18.44 R9.47 2.06 3.07 R6.87 1.67 12.57 1982 5.05 R8.66 20.11 R9.77 4.70 R6.62 20.11 R10.34 2.09 3.80 R6.53 1.67 14.51 1983 5.88 R8.39 21.04 10.66 5.43 R6.49 20.57 R10.91 1.91 4.10 R6.60 1.67 14.54 1984 5.95 R8.44 20.96 10.66 5.40 R6.48 20.89 R11.12 1.91 4.13 R6.58 1.67 14.16 1985 5.94 R8.14 21.66 10.91 5.34 R6.46 21.30 R11.63 1.90 3.87 R6.32 1.67 14.57 1986 5.67 R6.77 21.75 10.75 4.94 R4.44 21.10 R11.20 1.80 3.20 R4.93 1.65 14.45 1987 5.39 R6.59 21.82 10.71 4.64 R4.75 20.44 R10.96 1.67 2.88 R4.98 1.65 13.98 1988 5.32 R6.57 21.92 10.66 4.51 R4.50 20.34 R10.81 1.68 2.90 R4.63 1.65 13.78 1989 5.47 R7.54 22.41 11.02 4.61 R5.09 20.77 R11.25 1.68 2.93 R4.70 1.20 13.85 1990 5.63 R8.69 22.96 11.87 4.70 R6.04 21.20 R11.87 1.69 2.95 R5.50 .99 13.92 1991 5.66 R8.48 23.57 12.08 4.69 R5.59 21.73 R12.05 1.67 2.80 R5.33 1.14 14.18 1992 5.73 R7.80 24.06 R11.97 4.75 R5.37 22.15 R12.15 1.69 2.91 R5.02 1.13 14.18 1993 5.99 R7.64 24.40 R12.27 5.08 R5.14 22.40 R12.55 1.63 3.12 R4.95 1.12 14.22 1994 6.23 R7.57 24.57 R12.60 5.35 R5.05 22.35 R12.72 1.62 3.09 R5.06 1.15 14.00 1995 5.89 R7.49 24.63 R12.60 4.94 R5.14 22.29 R12.62 1.63 2.80 R5.23 1.21 13.68 1996 6.16 R8.63 24.50 R12.69 5.26 R6.17 22.17 R12.76 1.62 3.30 R6.08 1.01 13.49 1997 6.75 R8.61 24.71 R13.25 5.67 R6.10 22.03 R13.03 1.62 3.53 R5.71 1.01 13.29 1998 6.61 R7.55 24.21 R13.44 5.38 R5.09 21.48 R13.05 1.58 3.16 R4.55 1.24 13.13 1999 6.50 R7.78 23.93 R13.15 5.22 R5.56 21.01 R12.84 1.58 3.21 R5.10 1.38 12.98 2000 R7.63 R11.12 24.14 R14.21 R6.54 R8.27 21.52 R13.90 1.55 R4.60 R7.35 1.43 13.60 2001 9.42 R11.23 25.16 R15.62 8.32 R7.88 22.99 R15.54 1.63 5.71 R6.81 1.95 14.78 2002 7.69 R9.99 24.75 R14.65 6.49 R7.14 22.81 R14.66 1.75 R4.48 R6.49 2.11 14.30 2003 9.24 R11.85 25.56 R15.81 8.07 R8.62 23.54 R15.63 1.74 6.20 R7.86 1.62 14.97 2004 10.47 R13.33 26.22 R17.01 9.19 R10.16 23.95 R16.55 1.99 7.02 R9.41 1.79 15.38 2005 12.34 R16.76 27.68 R19.16 10.98 R13.55 25.40 R18.59 2.56 9.08 R11.99 2.73 16.77 2006 13.35 R19.22 30.49 R21.49 11.60 R15.91 27.72 R20.63 2.83 R8.77 R14.32 R2.65 18.02 2007 R12.70 R21.11 31.22 R21.56 R10.99 R17.52 28.27 R20.73 2.92 R8.29 R15.90 R2.52 18.71 2008 13.52 R25.80 33.01 R23.06 11.89 R22.96 30.38 R22.44 3.51 10.06 R20.49 R2.83 19.96 2009 11.81 R20.76 33.72 R22.05 R9.70 R15.45 29.81 R20.67 3.87 R6.46 R13.87 R2.62 20.00 2010 11.13 23.46 33.81 22.40 9.20 18.69 29.87 20.90 3.96 6.25 17.58 2.74 19.89 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 3 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,

other energy service providers.

4 Includes coal, and wood and wood-derived fuels, which are not separately displayed. 5 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 Includes coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste, which are not separately displayed. 

Through 2000, also includes non-biomass waste.

7 For 1981–1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleum

data for those years.

8 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes 

2000, also includes non-biomass waste. 9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately 

10 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not sep

R=Revised. Notes: • Prices include taxes where data are available. • 

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/seSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy 

(June 2012), U.S. Tables ET3–ET6. 
Figure 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source

Total Energy, 1970-2010 By Energy Type, 2010Expenditures3 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2010 By Petroleum Product, 201076 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel.3 Based on nominal dollars.4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

5 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubr

petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous 

Source: Table 3.5.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

300600900

1,2001,500

Billion Dollars1

Electricity Gas

709

366

160

50

Petroleum Retail Natural Coa

0

100200300400500600700800

Billion Dollars1

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

05

10152025

Index: 1970=1.00

Gasoline 

Retail Electricity

377

167

55 48

Motor Distillate LPG Jet Fu

0

100200300400

Billion Dollars1

Petroleum

Natural Gas

 4

Coal

Fuel Oil
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2010

 (Million Dollars 1

)

Year

Primary Energy 2

Electric

Power

Sector 11,12

Coal 

Coal Coke

Net

Imports 3

Natural

Gas 4

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel Biomass 9 Total 10

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 5 LPG 6

Motor

Gasoline 7

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 8 Total

1970 4,630 -75 10,891 6,253 1,441 2,395 31,596 2,046 4,172 47,904 44 438 63,872 -4,357 1971 4,902 -40 12,065 6,890 1,582 2,483 33,478 2,933 4,449 51,816 73 446 69,312 -5,491 1972 5,415 -26 13,198 7,552 1,682 2,834 35,346 3,458 4,777 55,648 104 476 74,893 -6,551 1973 6,243 7 13,933 9,524 2,001 R3,881 39,667 4,667 5,318 R65,057 177 502 R86,053 -7,952 1974 11,118 150 16,380 15,217 3,208 R5,254 54,194 10,547 8,284 R96,704 259 544 R125,322 -14,558 1975 13,021 82 20,061 15,680 4,193 R5,221 59,446 10,374 8,493 R103,407 448 534 R137,702 -16,545 1976 14,051 44 25,097 18,402 4,567 R5,992 64,977 11,648 9,925 R115,512 520 622 R156,002 -19,078 1977 15,416 67 29,602 22,004 5,517 R6,839 70,591 14,381 11,790 R131,121 743 694 R177,966 -23,715 1978 17,551 362 33,185 23,587 6,205 R6,646 74,513 13,747 13,348 R138,047 915 782 R191,221 -26,125 1979 20,376 259 40,785 32,854 8,603 R9,389 95,916 17,656 18,785 R183,204 941 964 R246,969 -31,472 1980 22,607 -78 51,061 40,797 13,923 R10,926 124,408 21,573 26,049 R237,676 1,189 1,232 R314,279 -38,027 1981 26,159 -31 60,544 48,200 15,607 R11,922 138,138 22,668 28,571 R265,106 1,436 1,429 R355,717 -44,274 1982 26,349 -52 68,292 44,087 14,974 R12,972 130,305 17,632 22,447 R242,418 1,684 1,510 R341,439 -42,354 1983 26,987 -44 72,000 41,846 13,979 R14,147 115,803 14,099 21,573 R221,446 1,859 1,517 R325,311 -42,566 1984 29,025 -22 77,169 44,668 15,097 R14,197 114,429 14,410 22,812 R225,612 2,384 1,608 R337,460 -44,686 1985 29,678 -34 72,938 43,972 14,747 R13,752 118,048 11,493 22,088 R224,100 2,878 1,597 R333,084 -43,970 1986 27,855 -40 59,702 35,113 10,505 R12,843 91,529 7,486 17,647 R175,122 3,061 1,352 R268,741 -37,016 1987 27,532 7 58,019 37,729 11,448 R12,969 99,864 8,062 17,687 R187,758 3,378 1,300 R280,084 -38,182 1988 28,333 116 61,089 38,776 11,318 R12,906 103,323 7,259 16,779 R190,360 4,057 1,378 R287,005 -38,553 1989 28,284 137 66,198 43,159 13,434 R12,266 112,720 8,357 17,060 R206,996 3,939 2,270 R309,176 -40,829 1990 28,602 22 65,278 49,335 17,784 R13,840 126,558 8,721 19,255 R235,493 4,104 1,997 R336,588 -40,626 1991 28,129 44 65,956 45,269 14,609 R15,116 123,118 6,784 18,213 R223,110 4,073 2,165 R324,653 -38,752 1992 27,776 126 70,086 45,019 13,559 R14,303 125,249 5,585 18,345 R222,060 3,802 2,194 R327,401 -38,663 1993 28,229 96 77,052 45,732 13,002 R14,114 126,560 5,449 18,285 R223,142 3,597 2,193 R335,016 -40,317 1994 27,715 214 78,581 47,002 12,474 16,243 130,068 5,296 18,687 229,770 3,777 2,521 343,593 -40,352 1995 27,431 234 75,020 47,533 12,526 16,197 136,647 4,676 19,225 236,803 3,810 2,938 347,144 -39,073 1996 28,028 156 86,904 56,455 15,770 21,086 148,344 5,313 21,144 268,112 3,624 2,668 390,437 -41,652 1997 28,277 170 93,382 55,922 15,000 19,781 149,668 5,206 21,631 267,208 3,369 2,425 395,817 -42,947 1998 27,888 188 83,620 48,350 11,239 15,241 132,730 4,280 19,835 231,675 3,555 2,477 350,464 -43,311 1999 27,310 140 84,960 54,565 13,878 19,038 149,260 4,686 21,250 262,676 3,643 R2,646 R382,655 -44,689 2000 28,080 146 119,094 78,209 23,777 27,970 192,153 8,870 26,496 357,475 3,628 R3,174 R514,379 -60,054 2001 28,202 82 139,388 75,035 19,602 25,543 185,752 7,266 23,097 336,294 3,524 3,494 513,673 -64,672 2002 28,511 180 R111,536 69,285 17,802 22,980 179,796 6,156 24,167 320,185 3,504 4,005 R469,045 -54,230 2003 29,402 169 144,489 83,873 21,096 28,161 209,493 8,325 28,061 379,010 3,362 3,599 561,401 -64,685 2004 31,764 1,125 R162,843 105,772 30,219 34,408 254,873 9,717 35,212 470,200 3,445 3,692 R674,684 -71,720 2005 36,932 633 R200,356 143,598 44,679 38,874 312,047 13,951 44,136 597,285 3,469 R5,897 R847,085 -95,975 2006 40,005 509 R190,590 164,399 50,007 45,355 357,286 12,432 52,986 682,465 3,637 R6,101 R925,829 -90,104 2007 42,717 347 R196,957 177,172 53,754 51,081 389,282 14,129 55,211 740,628 3,871 R6,357 R994,077 -100,719 2008 49,438 1,465 R230,465 221,435 72,046 59,875 438,237 17,984 61,417 870,993 3,976 R6,953 R1,166,847 R-118,571 2009 R45,825 -42 R159,362 131,050 36,353 43,466 R317,082 11,310 R39,268 R578,529 4,560 R5,116 R795,506 R-84,723 2010 50,407 158 159,821 166,595 48,244 55,157 376,512 14,308 48,656 709,471 5,234 6,424 933,562 -94,635 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Expenditures by all sectors, including the electric power sector. 3 Values derive from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM-145"

and "Monthly Report EM-545," and may differ slightly from those shown on Table 3.9, which derive fromBureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, FT600 series. 4 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 5 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includeskerosene-type jet fuel only. 6 Liquefied petroleum gases. 7 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleumcoke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products. 9 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through2000, also includes non-biomass waste.

10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. For 1981–1992, also includes fuel

ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.

11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American Industry

Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity

public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, daindependent power producers.

12 Expenditures by the electric power sector for coal, natural gas, petroleu

and electricity imports. Values are negative so the columns will sum to the "To

13 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by elect

1996, other energy service providers.

14 Expenditures for primary energy and retail electricity by the four e

commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes expenditures for energy b

R=Revised. Notes: • Expenditures include taxes where data are available. • Ther

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Totals may not equal thindependent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 201

(June 2012), U.S. Table ET1. 
Figure 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2010

By Sector Residential Sector by Major Source2Commercial Sector by Major Source3 Industrial Sector by Major Source478 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

561

250

216

178

Transportation Residential Industrial Commercial

0

100200300400500600

Billion Dollars1

167

54

Retail Electricity Natural Gas 

0

50

100150200

Billion Dollars1

106

63

37

Petroleum Retail Electricity Natural Gas 

0

255075

100125

Billion Dollars1

136

29

13

Retail Electricity Natural Gas Petroleum

0

255075

100125150

Billion Dollars1

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Expenditures for coal and wood and wood-derived fuels are not displayed.3 Expenditures for coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste are not displayed.4 Expenditures for imports and exports of coal coke are not displayed.5 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

Notes: • Petroleum accounts for nearly all transportation se

direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solathe sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Table 3.6.
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2010

 (Million Dollars 1

)

Year

Residential Commercial Industrial 

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 4

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 6,7 Coal

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5 Biomass 8

Retail

Electricity 3 To

1970 5,272 4,186 10,352 20,112 1,844 1,440 7,319 10,678 2,082 2,625 6,069 366 5,624 161971 5,702 4,367 11,589 21,934 2,060 1,574 8,301 12,021 1,971 3,019 6,663 374 6,256 181972 6,223 4,623 13,034 24,095 2,289 1,653 9,443 13,464 2,212 3,335 7,180 404 7,173 201973 6,282 R5,849 14,712 R27,029 2,421 1,936 10,707 15,149 2,527 3,936 8,600 425 8,284 231974 6,949 R7,288 17,924 R32,459 2,741 3,290 13,373 19,579 4,704 4,971 15,408 421 11,184 361975 8,410 R7,486 20,644 R36,835 3,385 3,219 16,157 22,956 5,498 5,844 15,544 386 13,760 411976 9,992 R8,755 22,621 R41,682 4,379 3,739 18,148 26,447 5,448 7,484 18,384 443 16,083 471977 11,324 R9,772 26,132 R47,594 5,094 4,411 21,023 30,725 5,360 8,958 22,190 464 18,956 551978 12,565 R9,831 29,069 R51,854 5,812 4,350 23,166 33,563 5,722 10,114 23,203 511 21,798 611979 14,772 R11,157 31,683 R58,149 7,623 5,659 25,433 38,944 6,247 12,110 33,705 512 24,797 771980 17,497 R12,554 38,458 R69,277 8,858 7,409 30,611 47,074 5,888 16,350 42,765 529 28,863 941981 19,502 R13,250 44,780 R78,486 10,085 7,794 37,484 55,629 6,441 20,432 47,171 558 34,007 1081982 23,987 R12,413 50,045 R87,506 12,565 6,865 41,759 61,503 5,301 20,504 41,841 540 35,364 1031983 26,564 R11,350 53,918 R92,812 13,602 7,592 43,529 65,028 4,735 21,461 38,437 610 37,017 1021984 27,873 R12,919 55,777 R97,657 14,012 7,948 47,304 69,593 5,420 23,763 41,470 622 39,050 1101985 27,136 R12,741 58,672 R99,619 13,368 6,996 50,092 70,725 5,252 21,615 38,876 619 40,190 1061986 25,147 R10,433 60,776 R97,173 11,770 5,166 51,449 68,637 4,745 16,479 30,567 639 39,271 911987 23,926 R10,658 63,318 R98,635 11,601 5,377 51,900 69,098 4,448 15,909 31,092 636 39,109 911988 25,332 R11,008 66,793 R103,907 12,377 4,950 54,411 71,969 4,744 17,257 29,123 662 40,507 921989 26,951 R12,522 69,243 R109,553 12,908 5,293 57,460 75,911 4,650 18,770 28,561 1,323 42,255 951990 25,439 R12,116 72,378 R110,905 12,681 5,986 60,627 79,605 4,636 19,348 34,132 906 43,358 1021991 26,508 R11,703 76,828 R115,999 13,175 5,224 63,407 82,098 4,332 18,912 32,494 1,034 44,201 1011992 27,599 R11,026 76,848 R116,394 13,685 4,796 64,233 83,007 4,245 20,553 32,208 1,079 45,474 1031993 30,533 R10,990 82,814 R125,141 14,967 4,209 67,626 87,095 4,060 22,367 31,518 1,146 45,726 1041994 31,028 10,656 84,552 126,962 15,927 4,162 69,637 90,010 4,060 22,556 33,612 1,279 46,257 1071995 29,362 10,289 87,610 127,961 15,383 3,956 72,481 92,106 4,068 21,487 34,177 1,699 45,402 1071996 33,219 12,796 90,503 137,340 17,106 4,879 74,121 96,414 3,943 26,167 40,853 1,432 46,102 1181997 34,590 12,239 90,704 138,201 18,755 4,531 77,153 100,758 3,887 28,411 39,886 1,435 45,610 1191998 30,875 9,852 93,360 134,602 16,667 3,575 78,999 99,492 3,566 24,515 32,143 1,600 45,634 1071999 31,577 11,397 93,482 R136,999 16,351 3,931 79,141 99,681 3,457 24,079 36,966 1,786 45,429 1112000 38,959 17,283 98,209 R155,299 21,339 6,674 85,129 113,423 3,507 34,624 52,066 1,888 47,859 1402001 46,189 17,169 103,158 167,241 25,879 6,225 93,402 125,790 3,572 38,597 47,173 2,216 48,519 1402002 38,490 14,549 106,834 160,542 20,926 5,187 93,763 120,164 3,526 R31,199 45,685 2,592 46,606 R1292003 48,278 18,010 111,249 178,374 26,411 7,137 96,263 130,132 3,552 41,168 54,228 1,935 49,962 1512004 52,265 20,264 115,577 189,080 29,518 8,233 100,546 138,694 4,064 R47,464 71,052 1,919 51,491 R1772005 61,196 24,320 128,393 215,186 33,838 10,331 110,522 R155,165 5,004 R55,300 88,285 3,451 56,229 R2082006 59,834 23,531 140,582 R225,244 33,736 10,563 122,914 R167,630 5,405 R52,571 106,621 R3,509 59,764 R2282007 61,598 26,468 148,295 R237,897 34,005 11,410 128,903 R174,798 5,439 R51,126 113,491 R3,180 62,934 R2362008 67,851 32,071 155,433 257,448 38,476 14,996 138,469 R192,540 6,290 R61,877 131,958 R3,402 65,840 R2702009 R57,841 24,425 157,008 R240,773 31,012 R10,584 132,940 R175,023 5,388 R36,302 R80,591 R2,310 59,662 R1842010 54,439 26,791 166,782 249,739 29,183 12,863 135,559 178,128 6,591 36,993 106,495 3,190 62,745 216

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 3 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in

1996, other energy service providers.

4 Includes coal and wood and wood-derived fuels, which are not separately displayed. 5 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 Includes coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste, which are not separately displayed. 

Through 2000, also includes non-biomass waste.

7 For 1981–1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleum

data for those years.

8 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through

2000, also includes non-biomass waste. 9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately di

10 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not separ

R=Revised. Notes: • Expenditures include taxes where data are available. • 

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Totals may not eqindependent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/sedsSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Da

(June 2012), U.S. Tables ET3–ET6. 
Figure 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports

Total, 1949-2011 By Fuel, 1949-2011By Fuel, 201180 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. 

3 Natural gas, coal, and coal coke.

Source: Table 3.7.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

100200300400500

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

337

99

15 2

Crude Oil Petroleum Natural Gas Coal and

0

100200300400

Billion Nominal Dollars2

Products Coal Coke
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil 1 Petroleum Products 2 

Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 No

1949 (s) 0.02 (s) 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.30 2.10 0.14 0.95 1950 (s) .02 .01 .04 .00 .00 .37 2.52 .21 R1.46 1955 (s) .02 (s) .01 (s) .01 .65 R3.94 .44 2.66 1960 (s) .01 (s) .01 .03 .15 .90 4.81 .73 3.93 1965 (s) .01 (s) .01 .11 .53 1.12 5.62 .92 R4.63 1970 (s) (s) (s) .01 .26 1.06 1.26 5.18 1.48 R6.09 1975 .02 .06 .16 .47 1.15 3.43 18.29 R54.45 6.77 R20.15 21976 .02 .05 .11 .31 1.66 R4.67 25.46 R71.67 6.65 R18.73 31977 .04 .10 .13 .35 2.00 R5.29 33.59 R88.91 8.42 R22.28 41978 .07 .18 .41 1.01 2.06 5.10 32.30 R79.88 7.30 R18.06 41979 .05 .12 .34 .78 3.13 7.14 46.06 R105.16 10.45 R23.86 61980 .03 .06 .05 .11 4.21 8.82 61.90 R129.52 12.54 R26.24 71981 .03 .06 .04 .08 4.41 R8.44 61.46 R117.58 14.30 R27.35 81982 .02 .04 .01 .02 4.69 R8.46 45.72 R82.45 13.86 R25.00 61983 .04 .07 (s) (s) 4.39 R7.61 36.49 R63.30 14.84 R25.74 51984 .05 .08 .05 .08 3.44 5.75 36.44 R60.93 17.87 R29.87 51985 .07 .11 .04 .07 3.05 4.95 32.90 R53.39 17.47 R28.34 51986 .08 .13 .03 .04 1.82 2.90 22.61 R35.89 12.18 R19.34 31987 .06 .09 .05 .08 R1.94 R2.99 29.13 R44.94 12.37 R19.08 41988 .06 .10 .19 .29 2.38 3.55 27.55 R41.09 12.43 R18.55 41989 .10 .14 .22 .31 2.51 R3.61 35.53 R51.06 13.50 R19.40 R51990 .09 .13 .07 .10 2.97 R4.11 43.78 R60.59 16.90 R23.39 61991 .11 .15 .09 .12 R3.25 R4.34 36.90 R49.32 13.17 R17.60 R51992 .13 .17 .14 .19 R3.95 R5.16 38.55 R50.33 11.98 R15.65 R51993 .25 .32 .17 .21 4.77 R6.09 38.47 R49.14 11.74 R15.00 51994 .27 .34 .27 .34 R4.91 6.14 38.48 R48.14 11.14 R13.94 R51995 .32 .40 .33 .40 4.23 5.19 42.81 R52.46 9.95 R12.19 51996 .27 .33 .24 .29 5.79 R6.96 54.93 R66.06 15.27 R18.36 R71997 .26 .30 .25 .30 6.50 7.68 54.23 R64.08 516.93 5,R20.00 71998 .28 .33 .29 .34 6.21 7.26 37.25 R43.53 13.01 R15.20 51999 .28 .32 .23 .26 8.03 R9.25 50.89 R58.60 16.28 R18.75 72000 .38 .42 .25 .28 14.94 R16.84 89.88 R101.30 29.38 R33.11 132001 .67 .74 .19 .21 17.62 R19.42 74.29 R81.89 28.45 R31.36 122002 .60 .65 .24 R.26 R12.65 R13.72 79.25 R85.96 23.52 R25.51 R112003 .79 .84 .24 .25 20.39 R21.66 101.80 R108.14 30.64 R32.55 152004 1.02 1.06 1.23 1.27 24.74 R25.56 136.03 R140.55 43.24 R44.67 202005 1.42 1.42 .78 .78 35.25 35.25 182.94 182.94 67.12 67.12 282006 1.78 1.72 .64 .62 28.80 R27.90 225.16 R218.11 74.56 R72.22 332007 1.73 1.63 .48 .45 31.65 R29.80 245.77 R231.36 81.85 R77.05 362008 2.05 1.88 1.68 1.54 34.66 R31.92 353.54 R325.59 96.31 R88.70 482009 1.45 1.32 .09 .08 15.72 R14.32 194.60 R177.35 57.23 R52.16 262010 1.39 R1.25 .40 .36 R16.91 R15.23 R260.11 R234.35 R73.36 R66.09 R352011 P1.35 P1.19 P.55 P.49 E14.61 E12.89 P336.80 P297.10 P99.49 P87.76 P45

1 Beginning in 1977, includes imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 2 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 3 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 4 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: • Includes value of imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries; excludes receipts into the 50

States and the District of Columbia from the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#financial.Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, unpublished data. 

Natural Gas: • 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of M

FT110. • 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandi• 1964-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumption and Geand 1973—Federal Power Commission (FPC), Pipeline Imports and Exports Exports of LNG. • 1974-1977—FPC, United States Imports and Exports o• 1978-1981—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Imports annual reports. • 1982-2009—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly • 2010—EIA, NGM (April 2012), Table 4. • 2011—EIA estimate based on vU.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy. Crude Oil • 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandis• 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise • 1964-1988—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumption, FT135the Census, Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT900, "ExpPrincipal SITC Commodity Groupings," Annual Revisions and December 201
Figure 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports

Total, 1949-2011 By Fuel, 1949-2011By Fuel, 201182 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

104

16

7

2

Petroleum Coal Natural Gas Crude Oil

0

20406080

100120

Billion Nominal Dollars2

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

3 Natural gas, crude oil, and coal coke. 

Source: Table 3.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

20406080

100120

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

102030405060708090

100

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

and

Coal Coke

Products
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 N

1949 0.30 2.05 0.01 0.06 (s) 0.01 0.10 0.68 0.46 R3.18 1950 .27 1.84 .01 .04 (s) .02 .10 .70 .39 2.69 1955 .48 2.92 .01 .05 .01 .04 .04 .23 .60 3.61 1960 .35 1.90 .01 .04 (s) .02 .01 .04 .47 2.51 1965 .48 2.39 .02 .08 .01 .04 (s) .02 .44 2.21 1970 .96 3.95 .08 .32 .03 .12 .02 .08 .50 2.06 1975 3.26 R9.70 .07 .22 .09 .27 (s) (s) 1.01 3.00 1976 2.91 R8.19 .07 .19 .10 .28 .03 .08 1.07 3.01 1977 2.66 7.03 .07 .19 .11 .28 .21 .55 1.14 3.01 1978 2.05 5.07 .05 .12 .11 .28 .39 .96 1.23 3.05 1979 3.40 7.76 .08 .18 .13 .29 .39 .90 1.58 3.62 1980 4.63 R9.68 .13 .27 .23 .48 .75 1.57 2.12 4.44 1981 5.92 R11.32 .07 .14 .35 .67 .58 1.10 3.24 R6.19 1982 5.99 R10.80 .06 .11 .30 .54 .47 .85 5.86 R10.57 1983 4.06 7.04 .05 .08 .28 .48 .22 .39 4.88 R8.46 1984 4.13 6.91 .07 .12 .27 .45 .19 .31 4.62 7.72 1985 4.47 7.25 .08 .12 .26 .43 .23 .37 4.90 R7.94 1986 3.93 6.24 .07 .10 .17 .27 .12 .19 3.77 5.98 1987 3.40 R5.25 .05 .07 .17 .26 .13 .19 3.80 5.86 1988 4.01 5.99 .08 .12 .20 .30 .08 .12 2.72 R4.06 1989 4.29 R6.16 .08 .12 .27 .39 .21 .30 2.65 R3.81 1990 4.51 R6.24 .05 .07 .27 .37 .14 .19 4.23 5.86 1991 4.62 R6.17 .05 .07 .33 .45 .03 .04 4.65 6.22 1992 4.24 R5.53 .04 .06 .49 .64 .03 .04 4.27 R5.57 1993 3.09 R3.94 .06 .08 .36 .46 .02 .03 4.15 5.30 1994 2.85 R3.56 .04 .05 .40 .51 .05 .06 3.36 4.21 1995 3.57 4.37 .05 .06 .37 .45 .01 .01 3.56 R4.36 1996 3.69 R4.43 .06 .07 .46 .55 .56 .67 4.25 5.12 1997 3.39 R4.00 .05 .06 .47 .56 1.04 1.23 47.55 4,R8.92 1998 3.04 3.55 .04 .05 .39 .46 .90 1.05 5.68 6.64 1999 2.13 2.46 .03 .03 .43 .49 .77 .89 6.35 7.31 2000 2.04 2.30 .05 .06 1.00 1.13 .46 .52 9.73 10.97 2001 1.80 1.98 .11 .12 1.56 R1.72 .19 .21 8.68 R9.57 2002 1.60 1.74 .06 .07 1.76 1.91 .09 .10 8.65 R9.38 2003 1.55 1.64 .07 .07 3.77 4.00 .16 .17 10.05 10.68 2004 2.60 2.68 .11 .11 5.20 R5.37 .28 .29 12.85 13.28 2005 3.35 3.35 .15 .15 5.53 5.53 .60 .60 18.56 18.56 2006 3.52 3.41 .13 .12 4.94 4.79 .85 .83 27.32 26.46 2007 4.16 3.91 .13 .12 5.69 R5.36 1.02 R.96 32.28 R30.39 2008 7.96 7.33 .21 .19 8.26 7.61 2.27 2.09 59.43 R54.73 2009 5.99 R5.46 .14 .12 4.79 4.37 1.62 R1.47 42.89 R39.09 2010 9.84 R8.86 .24 .22 R5.71 R5.14 R1.37 R1.23 R63.41 R57.13 2011 P15.97 P14.08 P.21 P.19 E7.01 E6.18 P1.46 P1.29 P103.54 P91.34 P

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: • Includes value of exports from Puerto Rico to foreign countries; excludes shipments from the

50 States and the District of Columbia to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sumof components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#financial.

Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Tr

Natural Gas: • 1949-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports, FT41Power Commission (FPC), Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural Gas • 1974-1977—FPC, United States Imports and Exports of N• 1978-1981—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Impoannual reports. • 1982-2009—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), month(April 2012), Table 5. • 2011—EIA estimate based on volume and revenuEnergy, Office of Fossil Energy. Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: Census, U.S. Exports, FT410. • 1989 forward—Bureau of the CensuMerchandise Trade, FT900, "Exports and Imports of Goods by PrincipaAnnual Revisions and December 2011 issue.
Figure 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2011

Value of Fossil Fuel Net ImportsValue of Fossil Fuel Net Imports by Fuel84 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators

in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 Includes small amounts of coal coke.

Note: Negative net imports indicate that the value of ex

imports. 

Source: Table 3.9.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 20

-50

0

50

100150200250300350400

-50

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 20

-50

0

50

100150200250300350400

-50

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 

1949 -0.29 R-2.03 (s) -0.03 (s) -0.01 0.21 1.42 -0.32 -2.24 1950 -.27 -1.82 (s) -.01 (s) -.02 .27 1.82 -.18 -1.23 1955 -.48 R-2.90 -.01 -.04 -.01 -.03 .62 3.71 -.16 -.95 1960 -.35 -1.89 -.01 -.03 .02 .13 .89 4.77 .26 1.42 1965 -.48 R-2.38 -.01 -.07 .10 .49 1.11 R5.59 .48 2.43 1970 -.96 -3.95 -.08 -.31 .23 R.93 1.24 R5.10 .98 4.03 1975 -3.24 -9.64 .08 .24 1.06 3.16 18.29 R54.45 5.76 R17.15 1976 -2.89 R-8.14 .04 .12 1.56 4.39 25.43 R71.59 5.58 R15.71 1977 -2.62 R-6.92 .06 .16 1.89 R5.01 33.38 R88.35 7.28 R19.26 1978 -1.98 R-4.88 .36 .89 1.95 4.82 31.91 R78.91 6.07 R15.01 1979 -3.35 R-7.64 .26 .59 3.00 6.85 45.66 R104.26 8.87 R20.24 1980 -4.60 R-9.62 -.08 -.16 3.98 8.34 61.15 R127.95 10.42 R21.80 1981 -5.89 R-11.26 -.03 -.06 4.06 R7.77 60.88 R116.47 11.06 R21.16 1982 -5.97 R-10.76 -.05 -.09 4.39 R7.92 45.25 R81.60 8.00 R14.43 1983 -4.01 R-6.96 -.04 -.08 4.11 7.13 36.27 R62.91 9.96 R17.28 1984 -4.09 R-6.83 -.02 -.04 3.17 5.30 36.26 R60.62 13.25 R22.15 1985 -4.39 R-7.13 -.03 R-.05 R2.78 4.52 32.68 R53.02 12.57 R20.40 1986 -3.85 R-6.11 -.04 -.06 1.65 2.62 22.49 R35.71 8.42 R13.36 1987 -3.35 -5.17 .01 .01 R1.77 R2.73 29.00 R44.75 8.57 R13.22 1988 -3.95 -5.89 .12 .17 2.18 3.25 27.47 R40.97 9.71 R14.48 1989 -4.19 R-6.02 .14 .20 R2.25 R3.23 35.32 R50.77 10.85 R15.59 1990 -4.42 R-6.11 .02 .03 2.71 3.75 43.65 R60.40 12.67 R17.53 1991 -4.51 R-6.02 .04 .06 R2.91 R3.89 36.87 R49.27 8.52 R11.38 1992 -4.11 -5.37 .10 .13 3.47 R4.53 38.52 R50.29 7.72 R10.07 1993 -2.83 -3.62 .11 .14 4.41 R5.63 38.45 R49.11 7.59 9.70 1994 -2.58 R-3.22 .23 .29 4.50 5.63 38.43 R48.07 7.78 R9.73 1995 -3.24 R-3.97 .27 .34 3.86 R4.74 42.81 R52.46 6.39 7.83 1996 -3.41 R-4.10 .18 .22 5.33 R6.41 54.37 R65.38 11.01 R13.24 1997 -3.13 -3.70 .20 .23 6.02 7.12 53.19 R62.85 49.37 4,R11.08 1998 -2.75 -3.22 .25 .29 5.82 R6.80 36.36 R42.48 7.33 R8.57 1999 -1.85 -2.14 .20 .23 7.61 8.76 50.12 R57.71 9.94 R11.44 2000 -1.66 -1.88 .20 .23 13.94 R15.71 89.41 R100.78 19.65 R22.14 2001 -1.13 -1.24 .08 .09 16.05 R17.69 74.11 R81.68 19.77 R21.79 2002 -1.00 -1.09 .18 .20 R10.89 R11.81 79.16 R85.86 14.87 R16.13 2003 -.76 -.81 .17 .18 16.62 17.66 101.64 R107.97 20.59 R21.87 2004 -1.57 -1.63 1.12 1.16 19.54 20.19 135.75 R140.26 30.38 R31.39 2005 -1.93 -1.93 .63 .63 29.72 29.72 182.35 182.35 48.56 48.56 2006 -1.74 -1.69 .51 .49 23.86 R23.11 224.30 R217.28 47.24 R45.76 2007 -2.42 -2.28 .35 .33 25.96 R24.44 244.76 R230.41 49.57 R46.67 2008 -5.92 -5.45 1.47 1.35 26.40 R24.31 351.27 R323.50 36.89 R33.97 2009 -4.55 R-4.14 -.04 -.04 10.92 R9.96 192.99 R175.87 14.34 R13.07 2010 -8.45 R-7.61 .16 .14 R11.20 R10.09 258.74 R233.11 R9.95 R8.96 2011 P-14.61 P-12.89 P.34 P.30 E7.60 E6.70 P335.34 P295.81 P-4.05 P-3.58 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 Notes: • Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus s

greater than the value of imports. • Totals may not equal srounding. • Data on this table may not equal data on Tabindependent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gSources: Tables 3.7 and 3.8.
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
4. Energy R
Figure 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2009

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate, Total Technically Dry Natural Gas, Total Technically RRecoverable ResourcesCrude Oil and Lease Condensate by Type Dry Natural Gas by Type88 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

25% 58%

18%

48 States1 Onshore48 States1 OffshoreAlaska

20%

13%

13%

54%

48 48 AlaTigMe

Total

220 billion barrels

Reserves Resources Technically

Recoverable

Resources

Total

2,203 trillion cubic feet

22

198

220

Proved Unproved Total

0

50

100150200250

Billion Barrels

273

1,93

Proved Unpro

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Trillion Cubic Feet

Reserves 

Resou

1 “48 States” is the United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due to independent rounding. 

Source: Table 4.1.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2009

Region Proved Reserves 1 Unproved Resources

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate (billion barrels)

 48 States 3 Onshore ........................................................................... 14.2 112.6  48 States 3 Offshore ........................................................................... 4.6 50.3  Alaska ................................................................................................. 3.6 35.0  Total U.S. ........................................................................................... 22.3 197.9  ....................... 

Dry Natural Gas 4 (trillion cubic feet)

 Conventionally Reservoired Fields 5 ............................................. 105.5 904.0  48 States 3 Onshore Gas 6 ............................................................. 81.4 369.7  48 States 3 Offshore Gas 7 ............................................................. 15.0 262.6  Alaska ............................................................................................. 9.1 271.7  Tight Gas, 8 Shale Gas, 9 and Coalbed Methane 10 ....................... 167.1 1,026.7  Total U.S. .......................................................................................... 272.5 1,930.7 

1 See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate," and "Proved Reserves,

Natural Gas" in Glossary.

2 "Technically recoverable" resources are those that are producible using current technology without

reference to the economic viability thereof. 3 "48 States" is the United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 4 Excludes natural gas plant liquids. See "Natural Gas, Dry" in Glossary. 5 Conventionally reservoired deposits are discrete subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gasusually defined, controlled, or limited by hydrocarbon/water contacts.

6 Includes associated-dissolved (AD) natural gas that occurs in crude oil reservoirs either as free gas

(associated) or as gas in solution with crude oil (dissolved gas). 7 Includes Federal offshore and State offshore waters (near-shore, shallow-water areas under Statejurisdiction). 8 Natural gas produced from a non-shale formation with extremely low permeability.

9 See "Shale Gas" in Glossary.

10 See "Coalbed Methane" in Glossary.

Notes: • See Tables 4.2 and 4.3 for more recent proved res

• Resources in areas where drilling is officially prohibited are nothe Northern Atlantic, Northern and Central Pacific, and within a Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) are also excluded fro• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent ro

Sources: Proved Reserves: U.S. Energy Information Adm

Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, 2010 (AugusGeological Survey National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Tgas data by EIA, Office of Energy Analysis. Total Technically the sum of proved reserves and unproved resources.
Figure 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, 1977-20

Crude Oil Natural Gas (Dry)Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, Indexed90 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • Crude oil includes lease condensate. Source: Table 4.2.

Natural Gas 

Crud

Natural 

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2

0

50

100150200250

Index: 1977=100

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 19

0

300600900

1,2001,500

Trillion Cubic Feet

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0

50

100150200250

Billion Barrels Cumulative Production Cumulativ

Proved Reserves Proved 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, 1977-2010

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate 1 Natural Gas (Dry)

Cumulative Production Proved Reserves 2 Cumulative Production 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet

1977 118.1 31.8 514.4 1978 121.3 31.4 533.6 1979 124.4 31.2 553.2 1980 127.5 31.3 572.6 1981 130.7 31.0 591.8 1982 133.8 29.5 609.6 1983 137.0 29.3 625.7 1984 140.2 30.0 643.2 1985 143.5 29.9 659.6 1986 146.7 28.3 675.7 1987 149.7 28.7 692.3 1988 152.7 28.2 709.4 1989 155.5 27.9 726.7 1990 158.2 27.6 744.5 1991 160.9 25.9 762.2 1992 163.5 25.0 780.1 1993 166.0 24.1 798.2 1994 168.4 23.6 817.0 1995 170.8 23.5 835.6 1996 173.2 23.3 854.5 1997 175.6 23.9 873.4 1998 177.8 22.4 892.4 1999 180.0 23.2 911.2 2000 182.1 23.5 930.4 2001 184.2 23.8 950.0 2002 186.3 24.0 968.9 2003 188.4 23.1 988.0 2004 190.4 22.6 1,006.6 2005 192.3 23.0 1,024.7 2006 194.1 22.3 1,043.2 2007 196.0 22.8 1,062.4 2008 197.8 20.6 1,082.6 2009 199.8 22.3 1,103.2 2010 201.8 25.2 1,124.6 

1 Lease condensate is the portion of natural gas liquids that is separated from the wellhead gas stream

at a lease or field separation facility.

2 See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil" and "Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate" in Glossary. 3 See "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas" in Glossary.

Note: Data are at end of year.Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ and http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/ for related

information.

Sources: Cumulative Production: Calculated from U.S. 

Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports and Natural Gas Ann• 1977-2000—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural • 2001-2010—EIA, Summary: U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, an2010 (August 2012), Table 7.
Figure 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves

Total, 1949-2010 By Type, 2010By Type, 1949-201092 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 COE=crude oil equivalent.

2 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in “Natural Gas

Liquids”; otherwise, lease condensate is included in “Crude Oil.”

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • API=American Petrole

Association. EIA=U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Source: Table 4.3.

EIA Data

API and AGA Data: 1949-1979

EIA Data: 1977-2010

Crude Oil2

Natural Gas

Natural Gas Liquids2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

255075

100

Billion Barrels COE1

API and AGA Data

54

23

Natural Gas Crude Oil2 

0

102030405060

Billion Barrels COE1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

204060

Billion Barrels COE1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas (Dry) Natural Gas Liquids 1 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet 2 Billion Barrels COE 3 Billion Barrels Billion Barrels COE 3 

American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data

1949 24.6 179.4 32.0 3.7 3.1 1950 25.3 184.6 32.9 4.3 3.5 1955 30.0 222.5 39.7 5.4 4.4 1960 31.6 262.3 46.8 6.8 5.4 1965 31.4 286.5 51.0 8.0 6.3 1970 39.0 290.7 51.7 7.7 5.9 1971 38.1 278.8 49.6 7.3 5.5 1972 36.3 266.1 47.1 6.8 5.1 1973 35.3 250.0 44.0 6.5 4.8 1974 34.2 237.1 41.9 6.4 4.7 1975 32.7 228.2 40.2 6.3 4.6 1976 30.9 216.0 38.0 6.4 4.7 1977 29.5 208.9 36.8 6.0 4.4 1978 27.8 200.3 35.2 5.9 4.3 1979 27.1 194.9 34.3 5.7 4.1 

U.S. Energy Information Administration Data

1977 31.8 207.4 36.5 NA NA 1978 31.4 208.0 36.5 6.8 5.0 1979 29.8 201.0 35.4 6.6 4.9 1980 29.8 199.0 35.2 6.7 5.0 1981 29.4 201.7 35.7 7.1 5.2 1982 27.9 201.5 35.7 7.2 5.3 1983 27.7 200.2 35.6 7.9 5.7 1984 28.4 197.5 35.1 7.6 5.5 1985 28.4 193.4 34.4 7.9 5.6 1986 26.9 191.6 34.0 8.2 5.8 1987 27.3 187.2 33.3 8.1 5.8 1988 26.8 168.0 29.8 8.2 5.8 1989 26.5 167.1 29.7 7.8 5.5 1990 26.3 169.3 30.0 7.6 5.4 1991 24.7 167.1 29.7 7.5 5.3 1992 23.7 165.0 29.3 7.5 5.2 1993 23.0 162.4 28.8 7.2 5.1 1994 22.5 163.8 29.0 7.2 5.0 1995 22.4 165.1 29.2 7.4 5.2 1996 22.0 166.5 29.4 7.8 5.5 1997 22.5 167.2 29.6 8.0 5.6 1998 21.0 164.0 29.2 7.5 5.3 1999 21.8 167.4 29.6 7.9 5.5 2000 22.0 177.4 31.4 8.3 5.8 2001 22.4 183.5 32.5 8.0 5.6 2002 22.7 186.9 R33.0 8.0 5.6 2003 21.9 189.0 33.5 7.5 5.2 2004 21.4 192.5 34.1 7.9 5.5 2005 21.8 204.4 36.2 8.2 5.6 2006 21.0 211.1 37.4 8.5 5.8 2007 21.3 237.7 R42.1 9.1 6.3 2008 19.1 244.7 43.3 9.3 6.4 2009 20.7 272.5 48.2 10.2 7.0 2010 23.3 304.6 53.7 11.7 8.0 

1 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in "Natural Gas Liquids";

otherwise, lease condensate is included in "Crude Oil."

2 The American Gas Association estimates of natural gas proved reserves include volumes of natural

gas held in underground storage. In 1979, this volume amounted to 4.9 trillion cubic feet. U.S. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) data do not include natural gas in underground storage. 3 Natural gas is converted to crude oil equivalent (COE) by multiplying by the natural gas dry productionapproximate heat content (see Table A4) and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heatcontent (see Table A2). The lease condensate portion of natural gas liquids is converted to COE bymultiplying by the lease condensate production approximate heat content (5.5 million Btu per barrel) andthen dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content. Other natural gas liquids are convertedto COE by multiplying by the natural gas plant liquids production approximate heat content (see Table A2)and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are at end of year. • See "Proved Reserves, Crude O

Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resour

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Associatio

Institute, American Gas Association, and Canadian Petroleum Association (Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids and Natural Gas in the United States and 1979, Volume 34 (June 1980). U.S. Energy Information Administration DCrude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual reporSummary: U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves and 17.
Figure 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation

By Site, 1949-2011 By Site, 2011By Type, 1949-2011 By Type,1 201194 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Rigs drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests, are not shown. Source: Table 4.4.

1,846

Onshore 

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Number of Rigs

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1

2

345

Thousand Rigs

Total

Offshore

Onshore

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1

2

345

Thousand Rigs

Natural Gas

Total

887

Natural Ga

0

250500750

1,0001,250

Number of Rigs

Crude Oil
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Number of Rigs)

Year

By Site By Type

Onshore Offshore Crude Oil Natural Gas 

1949 NA NA NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA 1975 1,554 106 NA NA 1976 1,529 129 NA NA 1977 1,834 167 NA NA 1978 2,074 185 NA NA 1979 1,970 207 NA NA 1980 2,678 231 NA NA 1981 3,714 256 NA NA 1982 2,862 243 NA NA 1983 2,033 199 NA NA 1984 2,215 213 NA NA 1985 1,774 206 NA NA 1986 865 99 NA NA 1987 841 95 NA NA 1988 813 123 554 354 1989 764 105 453 401 1990 902 108 532 464 1991 779 81 482 351 1992 669 52 373 331 1993 672 82 373 364 1994 673 102 335 427 1995 622 101 323 385 1996 671 108 306 464 1997 821 122 376 564 1998 703 123 264 560 1999 519 106 128 496 2000 778 140 197 720 2001 1,003 153 217 939 2002 717 113 137 691 2003 924 108 157 872 2004 1,095 97 165 1,025 2005 1,287 94 194 1,184 2006 1,559 90 274 1,372 2007 1,695 72 297 1,466 2008 1,814 65 379 1,491 2009 1,046 44 278 801 2010 1,514 31 591 943 2011 1,846 32 984 887 

1 Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not shown) drilling for

miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are not for the exact calendar year but are an average for the 52 or 53 consecutive whole

weeks that most nearly coincide with the calendar year. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the

District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/month

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resource

Source: Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston, TX, Rotary Rigs Runnin

http://investor.shareholder.com/bhi/rig_counts/rc_index.cfm.
Figure 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells

Total Wells Drilled, 1949-2010 Total Wells Drilled by Type, 1949-2010 Successful Wells, 19Wells Drilled, 2010 Footage Drilled, 2010 Average Depth, 201096 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Data are for exploratory and development wells combined. Sources: Tables 4.5–4.7.

Total1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

255075

100

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1020304050

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 19

0

20406080

100

Percent

Development

Exploratory

Natural 

Gas Wells

Crude Oil Wells

Dry Holes

16.3

17.0

4.3

15.6 15.9

3.2

0.7 1.0 1.1

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes

05

101520

Thousand Wells

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal

101

147

22

95

138

16

6 9 6

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes

0

50

100150200

Million Feet

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal1

6.2

6.1

9.1 

Crude Oil 

0369

12

Thousand Feet per Well
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Wells Drilled

Successful

Wells

Footage Drilled 1 Average Fo

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 

Number Percent Thousand Feet Feet 

1949 21,352 3,363 12,597 37,312 66.2 79,428 12,437 43,754 135,619 3,720 3,698 1950 23,812 3,439 14,799 42,050 64.8 92,695 13,685 50,977 157,358 3,893 3,979 1955 30,432 4,266 20,452 55,150 62.9 121,148 19,930 85,103 226,182 3,981 4,672 1960 22,258 5,149 18,212 45,619 60.1 86,568 28,246 77,361 192,176 3,889 5,486 1965 18,065 4,482 16,226 38,773 58.2 73,322 24,931 76,629 174,882 4,059 5,562 1970 12,968 4,011 11,031 28,010 60.6 56,859 23,623 58,074 138,556 4,385 5,860 1975 16,948 8,127 13,646 38,721 64.8 66,819 44,454 69,220 180,494 3,943 5,470 1976 17,688 9,409 13,758 40,855 66.3 68,892 49,113 68,977 186,982 3,895 5,220 1977 18,745 12,122 14,985 45,852 67.3 75,451 63,686 76,728 215,866 4,025 5,254 1978 19,181 14,413 16,551 50,145 67.0 77,041 75,841 85,788 238,669 4,017 5,262 1979 20,851 15,254 16,099 52,204 69.2 82,688 80,468 81,642 244,798 3,966 5,275 1980 32,959 17,461 20,785 71,205 70.8 125,262 92,106 99,575 316,943 3,801 5,275 1981 43,887 20,250 27,953 92,090 69.6 172,167 108,353 134,934 415,454 3,923 5,351 1982 39,459 19,076 26,379 84,914 68.9 149,674 107,149 123,746 380,569 3,793 5,617 1983 37,366 14,684 24,355 76,405 68.1 136,849 78,108 105,222 320,179 3,662 5,319 1984 42,906 17,338 25,884 86,128 69.9 162,653 91,480 119,860 373,993 3,791 5,276 1985 35,261 14,324 21,211 70,796 70.0 137,728 76,293 100,388 314,409 3,906 5,326 1986 19,213 8,599 12,799 40,611 68.5 76,825 45,039 60,961 182,825 3,999 5,238 1987 16,210 8,096 11,167 35,473 68.5 66,358 42,584 53,588 162,530 4,094 5,260 1988 13,646 8,578 10,119 32,343 68.7 58,639 45,363 52,517 156,519 4,297 5,288 1989 10,230 9,522 8,236 27,988 70.6 43,266 49,081 42,099 134,446 4,229 5,154 1990 12,839 11,246 8,245 32,330 74.5 R56,591 R57,028 R42,433 R156,052 R4,408 R5,071 1991 12,588 9,793 7,481 29,862 74.9 R56,196 R51,032 R37,750 R144,978 R4,464 R5,211 1992 9,402 8,163 5,862 23,427 75.0 R45,748 R44,727 R29,451 R119,926 R4,866 R5,479 1993 8,856 9,839 6,096 24,791 75.4 R44,236 R58,240 R31,018 R133,494 R4,995 R5,919 1994 7,348 9,375 5,096 21,819 76.6 R38,620 R58,340 R27,771 R124,731 R5,256 R6,223 1995 8,248 8,082 4,814 21,144 77.2 R41,076 R49,746 R26,349 R117,171 R4,980 R6,155 1996 8,836 9,027 4,890 22,753 78.5 R42,472 R56,042 R27,851 R126,365 R4,807 R6,208 1997 11,206 11,498 5,874 28,578 79.4 R56,371 R71,270 R33,640 R161,281 R5,030 R6,198 1998 7,682 11,639 4,761 24,082 80.2 R38,579 R70,099 R28,540 R137,218 R5,022 R6,023 1999 4,805 12,027 3,550 20,382 82.6 R22,024 R60,217 R20,608 R102,849 4,584 R5,007 2000 8,090 17,051 4,146 29,287 85.8 R36,745 R83,618 R24,076 R144,439 R4,542 R4,904 2001 8,888 22,072 4,598 35,558 87.1 R43,172 R110,734 R26,221 R180,127 R4,857 R5,017 2002 6,775 17,342 3,754 27,871 86.5 R30,892 R93,041 R21,232 R145,165 R4,560 R5,365 2003 8,129 20,722 3,982 32,833 87.9 R38,588 R115,916 R22,744 R177,248 R4,747 R5,594 2004 8,789 24,186 4,082 37,057 89.0 R42,109 R138,449 R23,714 R204,272 R4,791 R5,724 2005 10,779 R28,590 4,653 R44,022 89.4 R51,449 R163,820 R25,044 R240,313 R4,773 R5,730 2006 R13,404 R32,838 R5,206 R51,448 89.9 R63,340 R191,646 R27,778 R282,764 R4,725 R5,836 2007 R13,361 R32,719 R4,978 R51,058 90.3 R64,792 R208,907 R27,754 R301,453 R4,849 R6,385 2008 R16,645 R32,274 R5,428 R54,347 R90.0 R82,646 R223,224 R28,572 R334,442 R4,965 R6,917 2009 R11,261 R18,234 R3,552 R33,047 R89.3 R62,771 R156,200 R20,520 R239,491 R5,574 R8,566 2010 R16,254 R16,973 R4,277 R37,504 R88.6 R100,682 R146,973 R21,719 R269,374 R6,194 R8,659 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. Notes: • 2011 data for this table were not available in time for publication. • Data are estimates.

• Data are for exploratory and development wells combined; see Table 4.6 for exploratory wells only, and

Table 4.7 for development wells only. • Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests are excluded.

• For 1949–1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960–1969, data are for well

completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data forrecent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data. 

components due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equindependent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crud

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resources for • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, World 

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly Review oStates, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989—EIA cosubmitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations based on wDenver, CO.
Figure 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2010

Exploratory Wells Drilled by Well Type Exploratory Footage Drilled by Well TypeExploratory Wells Average Depth, All Wells Exploratory Wells Average Depth by Well Ty98 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Note: These graphs depict exploratory wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure 4.7

for development wells only.

Source: Table 4.6.

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0369

12

15

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

Million Feet

Crude Oil Wells

Natural Gas

 Wells

Crude Oil Wells

Natural Ga

Wells

Natural Ga

 Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet Per Well

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet per Well
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Wells Drilled

Successful

Wells

Footage Drilled 1 Average 

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural G

Number Percent Thousand Feet Fe

1949 1,406 424 7,228 9,058 20.2 5,950 2,409 26,439 34,798 4,232 5,682 1950 1,583 431 8,292 10,306 19.5 6,862 2,356 30,957 40,175 4,335 5,466 1955 2,236 874 11,832 14,942 20.8 10,774 5,212 53,220 69,206 4,819 5,964 1960 1,321 868 9,515 11,704 18.7 6,829 5,466 43,535 55,831 5,170 6,298 1965 946 515 8,005 9,466 15.4 5,366 3,757 40,081 49,204 5,672 7,295 1970 757 477 6,162 7,396 16.7 4,729 3,678 35,123 43,530 6,247 7,695 1975 982 1,248 7,129 9,359 23.8 5,806 8,422 40,448 54,677 5,913 6,748 1976 1,086 1,346 6,772 9,204 26.4 6,527 9,121 37,969 53,617 6,010 6,777 1977 1,164 1,548 7,283 9,995 27.1 6,870 10,255 40,823 57,949 5,902 6,625 1978 1,171 1,771 7,965 10,907 27.0 7,105 11,798 46,295 65,197 6,067 6,662 1979 1,321 1,907 7,437 10,665 30.3 7,941 12,643 42,512 63,096 6,011 6,630 1980 1,777 2,099 9,081 12,957 29.9 10,177 13,862 50,249 74,288 5,727 6,604 1981 2,651 2,522 12,400 17,573 29.4 15,515 17,079 69,214 101,808 5,853 6,772 1982 2,437 2,133 11,307 15,877 28.8 13,413 14,763 60,680 88,856 5,504 6,921 1983 2,030 1,605 10,206 13,841 26.3 10,437 10,264 48,989 69,690 5,141 6,395 1984 2,209 1,528 11,321 15,058 24.8 12,294 9,935 58,624 80,853 5,565 6,502 1985 1,680 1,200 8,954 11,834 24.3 9,854 8,144 47,604 65,602 5,865 6,787 1986 1,084 797 5,567 7,448 25.3 6,579 5,401 30,325 42,305 6,069 6,777 1987 926 756 5,052 6,734 25.0 5,652 5,064 26,746 37,462 6,104 6,698 1988 855 747 4,711 6,313 25.4 5,286 4,992 27,079 37,357 6,182 6,683 1989 607 706 3,934 5,247 25.0 3,659 4,664 21,947 30,270 6,028 6,606 1990 778 811 3,652 5,241 30.3 R5,316 R5,740 R20,761 R31,817 R6,833 R7,078 1991 673 649 3,191 4,513 29.3 4,470 R4,619 18,049 R27,138 6,642 R7,117 1992 571 513 2,384 3,468 31.3 R3,959 3,544 13,058 R20,561 R6,933 6,908 1993 539 610 2,334 3,483 33.0 R3,572 R3,950 R13,465 R20,987 R6,627 R6,475 1994 595 782 2,247 3,624 38.0 3,971 R5,121 R13,306 R22,398 6,674 R6,549 1995 570 558 2,024 3,152 35.8 R3,927 R3,494 R11,927 R19,348 R6,889 R6,262 1996 489 576 1,956 3,021 35.3 R3,650 R3,902 12,137 R19,689 R7,464 R6,774 1997 491 562 2,113 3,166 33.3 R3,946 R4,022 R13,485 R21,453 R8,037 R7,157 1998 327 566 1,590 2,483 36.0 2,740 R4,068 R10,836 R17,644 8,379 R7,187 1999 197 570 1,157 1,924 39.9 1,433 R3,997 7,687 R13,117 7,274 R7,012 2000 288 657 1,341 2,286 41.3 2,103 R4,798 R9,147 R16,048 7,302 R7,303 2001 357 1,052 1,733 3,142 44.8 R2,608 R7,323 R11,458 R21,389 R7,305 R6,961 2002 258 844 1,282 2,384 46.2 R1,742 R5,701 R8,687 R16,130 R6,752 R6,755 2003 350 997 1,297 2,644 50.9 R2,446 R6,569 R8,810 R17,825 R6,989 R6,589 2004 383 1,671 1,350 3,404 60.3 R3,098 R9,988 R9,331 R22,417 R8,089 R5,977 2005 539 R2,141 1,462 R4,142 64.7 R4,252 R12,208 R9,359 R25,819 R7,889 R5,702 2006 R646 R2,456 R1,547 R4,649 R66.7 R4,710 R13,987 R9,745 R28,442 R7,291 R5,695 2007 R806 R2,794 R1,582 R5,182 R69.5 R5,790 R15,658 R10,102 R31,550 R7,184 R5,604 2008 R892 R2,345 R1,715 R4,952 R65.4 R7,088 R14,276 R10,500 R31,864 R7,946 R6,088 2009 R612 R1,196 R1,052 R2,860 R63.2 R4,711 R8,499 R6,443 R19,653 R7,698 R7,106 2010 R668 R1,044 R1,093 R2,805 R61.0 R6,099 R9,226 R6,192 R21,517 R9,130 R8,837 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. Notes: • 2011 data for this table were not available in time for publication. • Data are estimates.

• Data are for exploratory wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells combined, and

Table 4.7 for development wells only. • For 1949–1959, data represent wells completed in a given year.For 1960–1969, data are for well completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute (API)during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. Theas-received well completion data for recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells

drilled. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) therefore s

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounaverage of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#c

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resources f• See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, Wo

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly RevieStates, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989—EIA submitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations based on Denver, CO.
Figure 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2010

Development Wells Drilled by Well Type Development Footage Drilled by Well TypeDevelopment Wells Average Depth, All Wells Development Wells Average Depth by Well T100 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Note: These graphs depict development wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure

4.6 for exploratory wells only.

Source: Table 4.7.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1020304050

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

50

100150200250

Million Feet Crude Oil Wells

Dry Holes

Natural Gas Wells

Dry 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet per Well

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet per Well 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year

Wells Drilled

Successful

Wells

Footage Drilled 1 Average 

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Ga

Number Percent Thousand Feet Fe

1949 19,946 2,939 5,369 28,254 81.0 73,478 10,028 17,315 100,821 3,684 3,412 1950 22,229 3,008 6,507 31,744 79.5 85,833 11,329 20,020 117,183 3,861 3,766 1955 28,196 3,392 8,620 40,208 78.6 110,374 14,718 31,883 156,976 3,915 4,339 1960 20,937 4,281 8,697 33,915 74.4 79,739 22,780 33,826 136,345 3,809 5,321 1965 17,119 3,967 8,221 29,307 71.9 67,956 21,174 36,548 125,678 3,970 5,337 1970 12,211 3,534 4,869 20,614 76.4 52,130 19,945 22,951 95,026 4,269 5,644 1975 15,966 6,879 6,517 29,362 77.8 61,013 36,032 28,772 125,817 3,821 5,238 1976 16,602 8,063 6,986 31,651 77.9 62,365 39,992 31,008 133,365 3,756 4,960 1977 17,581 10,574 7,702 35,857 78.5 68,581 53,431 35,905 157,917 3,901 5,053 1978 18,010 12,642 8,586 39,238 78.1 69,936 64,043 39,493 173,472 3,883 5,066 1979 19,530 13,347 8,662 41,539 79.1 74,747 67,825 39,130 181,702 3,827 5,082 1980 31,182 15,362 11,704 58,248 79.9 115,085 78,244 49,326 242,655 3,691 5,093 1981 41,236 17,728 15,553 74,517 79.1 156,652 91,274 65,720 313,646 3,799 5,149 1982 37,022 16,943 15,072 69,037 78.2 136,261 92,386 63,066 291,713 3,681 5,453 1983 35,336 13,079 14,149 62,564 77.4 126,412 67,844 56,233 250,489 3,577 5,187 1984 40,697 15,810 14,563 71,070 79.5 150,359 81,545 61,236 293,140 3,695 5,158 1985 33,581 13,124 12,257 58,962 79.2 127,874 68,149 52,784 248,807 3,808 5,193 1986 18,129 7,802 7,232 33,163 78.2 70,246 39,638 30,636 140,520 3,875 5,080 1987 15,284 7,340 6,115 28,739 78.7 60,706 37,520 26,842 125,068 3,972 5,112 1988 12,791 7,831 5,408 26,030 79.2 53,353 40,371 25,438 119,162 4,171 5,155 1989 9,623 8,816 4,302 22,741 81.1 39,607 44,417 20,152 104,176 4,116 5,038 1990 12,061 10,435 4,593 27,089 83.0 R51,275 R51,288 R21,672 R124,235 R4,251 R4,915 1991 11,915 9,144 4,290 25,349 83.1 R51,726 R46,413 R19,701 R117,840 R4,341 R5,076 1992 8,831 7,650 3,478 19,959 82.6 R41,789 R41,183 R16,393 R99,365 R4,732 R5,383 1993 8,317 9,229 3,762 21,308 82.3 R40,664 R54,290 R17,553 R112,507 R4,889 R5,883 1994 6,753 8,593 2,849 18,195 84.3 R34,649 R53,219 R14,465 R102,333 R5,131 R6,193 1995 7,678 7,524 2,790 17,992 84.5 R37,149 R46,252 R14,422 R97,823 R4,838 R6,147 1996 8,347 8,451 2,934 19,732 85.1 R38,822 R52,140 R15,714 R106,676 R4,651 R6,170 1997 10,715 10,936 3,761 25,412 85.2 R52,425 R67,248 R20,155 R139,828 R4,893 R6,149 1998 7,355 11,073 3,171 21,599 85.3 R35,839 R66,031 R17,704 R119,574 R4,873 R5,963 1999 4,608 11,457 2,393 18,458 87.0 R20,591 R56,220 R12,921 R89,732 4,469 R4,907 2000 7,802 16,394 2,805 27,001 89.6 R34,642 R78,820 R14,929 R128,391 R4,440 R4,808 2001 8,531 21,020 2,865 32,416 91.2 R40,564 R103,411 R14,763 R158,738 R4,755 R4,920 2002 6,517 16,498 2,472 25,487 90.3 R29,150 R87,340 R12,545 R129,035 R4,473 R5,294 2003 7,779 19,725 2,685 30,189 91.1 R36,142 R109,347 R13,934 R159,423 R4,646 R5,544 2004 8,406 22,515 2,732 33,653 91.9 R39,011 R128,461 R14,383 R181,855 R4,641 R5,706 2005 10,240 26,449 3,191 39,880 92.0 R47,197 R151,612 R15,685 R214,494 R4,609 R5,732 2006 R12,758 R30,382 R3,659 R46,799 92.2 R58,630 R177,659 R18,033 R254,322 R4,596 R5,848 2007 R12,555 R29,925 R3,396 R45,876 R92.6 R59,002 R193,249 R17,652 R269,903 R4,699 R6,458 2008 R15,753 R29,929 R3,713 R49,395 R92.5 R75,558 R208,948 R18,072 R302,578 R4,796 R6,981 2009 R10,649 R17,038 R2,500 R30,187 91.7 R58,060 R147,701 R14,077 R219,838 R5,452 R8,669 2010 R15,586 R15,929 R3,184 R34,699 R90.8 R94,583 R137,747 R15,527 R247,857 R6,068 R8,648 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. Notes: • 2011 data for this table were not available in time for publication. • Data are estimates.

• Data are for development wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells combined, and

Table 4.6 for exploratory wells only. • Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests are excluded.

• For 1949–1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960–1969, data are for well

completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data forrecent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data. 

components due to independent rounding. Average depth may not eindependent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#cr

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resources fo• See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, Worl

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly Review States, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989—EIA submitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations based on Denver, CO.
Figure 4.8 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2011

By Key State By RegionWest and East of the Mississippi By Mining Method By Rank102 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Source: Table 4.8.

119

104

61

32 29 27 23

16 12 12 9

Montana Illinois Wyo- West Ken- Penn- Ohio Colo- Texas New Indiana

0

20406080

100120140

Billion Short Tons230 

Western 

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

ming Virginia tucky sylvania rado Mexico

257

Bitu- S

0

50

100150200250300

Billion Short Tons

254

231

West of the East of the

0

50

100150200250300

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi

331

153

Underground Surface

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi minous m
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 4.8 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2011

 (Billion Short Tons)

Region and State

Anthracite Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 

Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface Surface 1 Undergro

Appalachian .............................................. 4.0 3.3 68.2 21.9 0.0 0.0 1.1 72.

 Alabama ................................................... .0 .0 .9 2.1 .0 .0 1.1 .9  Kentucky, Eastern .................................... .0 .0 .8 9.1 .0 .0 .0 .8  Ohio .......................................................... .0 .0 17.4 5.7 .0 .0 .0 17.4  Pennsylvania ............................................ 3.8 3.3 18.9 .8 .0 .0 .0 22.7  Virginia ...................................................... .1 .0 .9 .5 .0 .0 .0 1.0  West Virginia ............................................ .0 .0 28.3 3.4 .0 .0 .0 28.3  Other 2 ...................................................... .0 .0 1.1 .3 .0 .0 .0 1.

Interior ....................................................... .1 (s) 116.6 27.1 .0 .0 12.6 116.7 

 Illinois ........................................................ .0 .0 87.6 16.5 .0 .0 .0 87.6  Indiana ...................................................... .0 .0 8.6 .6 .0 .0 .0 8.6  Iowa .......................................................... .0 .0 1.7 .5 .0 .0 .0 1.7  Kentucky, Western ................................... .0 .0 15.6 3.6 .0 .0 .0 15.6  Missouri .................................................... .0 .0 1.5 4.5 .0 .0 .0 1.5  Oklahoma ................................................. .0 .0 1.2 .3 .0 .0 .0 1.2  Texas ........................................................ .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 12.1 .0  Other 3 ...................................................... .1 (s) .3 1.1 .0 .0 0.4 .4 

Western ..................................................... (s) .0 21.2 2.3 121.2 55.9 29.2 142.4 

 Alaska ....................................................... .0 .0 .6 .1 4.8 .6 (s) 5.4  Colorado ................................................... (s) .0 7.5 .6 3.7 .0 4.2 11.2  Montana .................................................... .0 .0 1.4 .0 69.6 32.3 15.8 70.9  New Mexico .............................................. (s) .0 2.7 .9 3.4 5.0 .0 6. North Dakota ............................................ .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 8.9 .0  Utah .......................................................... .0 .0 4.9 .3 (s) .0 .0 4.9  Washington ............................................... .0 .0 .3 .0 1.0 .0 (s) 1.3  Wyoming ................................................... .0 .0 3.8 .5 38.6 18.1 .0 42.5  Other 4 ...................................................... .0 .0 (s) .0 (s) (s) .4 (s

U.S. Total ................................................... 4.1 3.4 206.0 51.2 121.1 55.9 42.8 331.2 

 States East of the Mississippi River ......... 4.0 3.3 180.0 42.6 .0 .0 1.1 184.0  States West of the Mississippi River ........ .1 (s) 25.9 8.6 121.1 55.9 41.7 147.2 

1 Lignite resources are not mined underground in the United States. 2 Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee. 3 Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Michigan. 4 Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and South Dakota.

(s)=Less than 0.05 billion short tons. Notes: • See U.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Update on the Web Page for a description of the methodology

used to produce these data. • Data represent remaining measured and indicated coal resources, analyzed

and on file, meeting minimum seam and depth criteria, and in th

coal resources are not totally recoverable. Net recoverability with 0 percent (in far northern Alaska) to more than 90 percent. Fifty-base of coal in the United States is estimated to be recoveracomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coaSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Coal Reserves 
Figure 4.9 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling

Total Holes Drilled, 1958-20111 Holes Drilled, Selected YearsTotal Footage Drilled, 1949-20111 Footage Drilled, Selected Years104 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 In 2002 and 2003, data are withheld to avoid disclosure. Source: Table 4.9.

19

10

9

8

28

18

2

1961 1971 1981 19

0

102030

Thousands 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

20406080

100120

Thousands

3

4

3

1

11

11

1

1961 1971 1981 199

0

2

468

10

12

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

102030405060

Million Feet
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 4.9 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2011

Year

Exploration 1 Development 2 

Holes Drilled Footage Drilled Holes Drilled Footage Drilled Holes Drilled 

Thousands Million Feet Thousands Million Feet Thousands 

1949 NA 0.36 NA 0.05 NA 1950 NA .57 NA .21 NA 1955 NA 5.27 NA .76 NA 1960 7.34 1.40 24.40 4.21 31.73 1965 6.23 1.16 7.33 .95 13.56 1970 43.98 17.98 14.87 5.55 58.85 1975 34.29 15.69 21.60 9.73 55.89 1976 40.41 20.36 27.23 14.44 67.64 1977 62.60 27.96 30.86 17.62 93.45 1978 75.07 28.95 29.29 19.15 104.35 1979 60.46 28.07 30.19 13.01 90.65 1980 39.61 19.60 20.19 8.59 59.80 1981 17.75 10.87 8.67 3.35 26.42 1982 6.97 4.23 3.00 1.13 9.97 1983 4.29 2.09 3.01 1.08 7.30 1984 4.80 2.26 .72 .29 5.52 1985 2.88 1.42 .77 .34 3.65 1986 1.99 1.10 1.85 .97 3.83 1987 1.82 1.11 1.99 .86 3.81 1988 2.03 1.28 3.18 1.73 5.21 1989 2.09 1.43 1.75 .80 3.84 1990 1.51 .87 1.91 .81 3.42 1991 1.62 .97 1.57 .87 3.20 1992 .94 .56 .83 .50 1.77 1993 .36 .22 1.67 .89 2.02 1994 .52 .34 .48 .32 1.00 1995 .58 .40 1.73 .95 2.31 1996 1.12 .88 3.58 2.16 4.70 1997 1.94 1.33 5.86 3.56 7.79 1998 1.37 .89 5.23 3.75 6.60 1999 .27 .18 2.91 2.33 3.18 2000 W W W W 1.55 2001 .00 .00 1.02 .66 1.02 2002 W W W W W 2003 NA NA NA NA W 2004 W W W W 2.19 2005 W W W W 3.14 2006 1.47 .82 3.43 1.89 4.90 2007 4.35 2.20 5.00 2.95 9.35 2008 5.20 2.54 4.16 2.55 9.36 2009 1.79 1.05 3.89 2.69 5.68 2010 2.44 1.46 4.77 3.44 7.21 2011 5.44 3.32 5.16 3.00 10.60 

1 Includes surface drilling in search of new ore deposits or extensions of known deposits and drilling at

the location of a discovery up to the time the company decides sufficient ore reserves are present to justifycommercial exploitation.

2 Includes all surface drilling on an ore deposit to determine more precisely size, grade, and

configuration subsequent to the time that commercial exploitation is deemed feasible.

NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/ann

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.

Sources: • 1949-1981—U.S. Department of Energy, Grand 

Uranium Industry, January 1, 1983, Report No. GJO-100 (1983), Information Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, annuaUranium Production Report," annual reports. • 2006 forward—EReport" (May 2012), Table 1.
Figure 4.10 Uranium Reserves, 2008

By State Total Reserves106 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,

Virginia, and Washington.

Notes: • See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary. • Data are Source: Table 4.10.

Forwa

(dol

539

$50 or Less 

0

500

1,0001,500

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

Forward-Cost Category

(dollars1 per pound)

Colorado,

Utah

446

390

198

40

154

220

179

63

27

50

Wyoming New Arizona, Texas Others2

0

100200300400500

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

$50 or Less$100 or Less

Mexico
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 4.10 Uranium Reserves,1 2008

 (Million Pounds Uranium Oxide)

State

Forward-Cost 2 Category (dollars 3 per pound) 

$50 or Less 

Total .................................................................................................................................... 539  Wyoming ......................................................................................................................... 220  New Mexico .................................................................................................................... 179  Arizona, Colorado, Utah ................................................................................................. 63  Texas .............................................................................................................................. 27  Others 4 .......................................................................................................................... 50 

1 The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) category of uranium reserves is equivalent to the

internationally reported category of "Reasonably Assured Resources" (RAR). 2 Forward costs include the costs for power and fuel, labor, materials, insurance, severance and advalorem taxes, and applicable administrative costs. Past capital costs are considered "sunk" costs andmining of the individual deposits may or may not return such costs to investors. Sunk costs for such itemsas exploration and land acquisition are excluded as are the costs for income taxes, profit, and the cost ofmoney. The forward costs used to estimate U.S. uranium ore reserves are independent of the price atwhich uranium produced from the estimated reserves might be sold in the commercial market. Reservesvalues in forward-cost categories are cumulative; that is, the quantity at each level of forward cost includes

all reserves at the lower cost in that category. 3 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in 

4 Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North 

and Washington. 

Notes: • Estimates are at end of year. • See "Uranium O

http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/reserves/ures.html.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nucSources: EIA, U.S. Uranium Reserves Estimates (July 2010), T
Figure 4.11 Concentrating Solar Resources

108 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Notes: • Annual average direct normal solar resource data are shown. • kWh/m2/Day =

kilowatthours per square meter per day.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.Sources: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the

Department of Energy (October 20, 2008). The data for Haware a 10-kilometer (km) satellite modeled dataset (SUNY/NR1998-2005. The data for Alaska are a 40-km dataset prodRadiation Model (NREL, 2003). 
Figure 4.12 Photovoltaic Solar Resources

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Notes: • Annual average solar resource data are shown for a tilt=latitude collector. • kWh/m2/Day =

kilowatthours per square meter per day.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.

Sources: This map was created by the National Renewa

ment of Energy (October 20, 2008). The data for Hawa10-kilometer (km) satellite modeled dataset (SUNY/NREL2005. The data for Alaska are a 40-km dataset produced Model (NREL, 2003). 
Figure 4.13 Onshore Wind Resources

110 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Notes: • Data are annual average wind speed at 80 meters. • m/s = meters per second.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.Sources: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the

Department of Energy (April 1, 2011). Wind resource estimates developed by AWS

Truepower, LLC for windNavigator®. See http:/http://www.awstruepower.com. Spatial resolution of wind 

Projection: Albers Equal Area WGS84. 
Figure 4.14 Offshore Wind Resources

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Notes: • Data are annual average wind speed at 90 meters. • m/s = meters per second. 

• mph = miles per hour.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.Source: This map was created by the National Renewa

Department of Energy (January 10, 2011).
Figure 4.15 Geothermal Resources

112 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Notes: • Data are for locations of identified hydrothermal sites and favorability of deep

enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). • Map does not include shallow EGS resourceslocated near hydrothermal sites or USGS assessment of undiscovered hydrothermalresources. • *”N/A” regions have temperatures less than 150°C at 10 kilometers (km) depthand were not assessed for deep EGS potential. • **Temperature at depth data for deep EGSin Alaska and Hawaii not available.

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.

Sources: This map was created by the National Rene

Department of Energy (October 13, 2009). Source data f

ture at depth from 3 to 10 km provided by Southern M

Laboratory (Blackwell & Richards, 2010) and analyses 150°C) performed by NREL (2009). Source data for id

USGS Assessment of Moderate- and High-Temperature 

United States (2008).
Figure 4.16 Biomass Resources

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Notes: • Data are for total biomass per square kilometer. • km2 = square kilometer. • This

study estimates the biomass resources currently available in the United States by county. Itincludes the following feedstock categories: crop residues (5 year average: 2003-2007), forestand primary mill residues (2007), secondary mill and urban wood waste (2002), methane emissions from landfills (2008), domestic wastewater treatment (2007), and animal manure (2002).For more information on the data development, please refer to http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39181.pdf.

Although, the document contains the methodology for the the information is applicable to this assessment as well. Tperiod.

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.Source: This map was created by the National Renewa

ment of Energy (September 23, 2009).
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
5. Petroleum and Other 
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Figure 5.0. Petroleum Flow, 2011

(Million Barrels per Day)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

1 Unfinished oils, hydrogen/oxygenates/renewables/other hydrocarbons, and motor gasoline

and aviation gasoline blending components.

2 Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production (0.972), net imports (1.164) and adjustments

(0.122) minus stock change (0.019) and product supplied (0.001).

3 Finished petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gases, and pentanes plus.4 Natural gas plant liquids.5 Field production (2.183) and renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production (-.019)

minus refinery and blender net inputs (0.489).

6 Petroleum products supplied.

(s)=Less than 0.005.Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived f

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components d

Sources: Tables 5.1b, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 5.11, 5.13a-5.13d, 

istration, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2012), production and adjustments (see sources for Table 5.1b).
Figure 5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview

Overview, 1949-2011 Overview, 2011Production, 1949-2011 Production and Net Imports, Share of Estimate

1949-2011

118 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Note: Production includes production of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas

plant liquids, fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), and biodiesel; and processing gain.

Source: Table 5.1a.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day 9.9 8.4

Production Net Imports 

05

101520

Production

Million Barrels per Day

Estimated Consumption

Net Imports

Total

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

12

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

100

Percent
Figure 5.1b Petroleum Overview

Overview, 1949-2011 Overview, 2011Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Field Production, 1949-2011 Trade, 1949-2011

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

1 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids field production. Sources: Tables 5.1b.and 5.3

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day 7.8 11.4

Field Production1 Imports 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

Field Production1

Products Supplied

Net Imports

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Crude Oil

Crude Oil Imports

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0369

12

Million Barrels per Day
120 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011

Year

Production 1

Production

as Share of

Estimated Consumption Net Imports 2

Net Imports

as Share of

Estimated Consumption

Balancing

Item 3

Thousand Barrels per Day Percent Thousand Barrels per Day Percent Thousand Barr

1949 5,475 95.0 318 5.5 -30 1950 5,908 91.5 545 8.4 5 1955 7,611 90.0 880 10.4 -37 1960 8,110 82.8 1,613 16.5 74 1965 9,234 80.2 2,281 19.8 -2 1970 11,656 79.3 3,161 21.5 -119 1975 10,467 64.1 5,846 35.8 8 1976 10,213 58.5 7,090 40.6 159 1977 10,387 56.4 8,565 46.5 -520 1978 10,771 57.2 8,002 42.5 74 1979 10,662 57.6 7,985 43.1 -135 1980 10,767 63.1 6,365 37.3 -76 1981 10,693 66.6 5,401 33.6 -31 1982 10,744 70.2 4,298 28.1 268 1983 10,761 70.5 4,312 28.3 185 1984 11,095 70.4 4,715 29.9 -52 1985 11,177 70.9 4,286 27.2 302 1986 10,893 66.7 5,439 33.3 -5 1987 10,636 63.6 5,914 35.4 168 1988 10,473 60.4 6,587 38.0 277 1989 9,874 56.8 7,202 41.4 303 1990 9,645 56.6 7,161 42.0 230 1991 9,846 58.7 6,626 39.5 297 1992 9,703 56.8 6,938 40.6 455 1993 9,422 54.7 7,618 44.2 195 1994 9,239 52.1 8,054 45.5 424 1995 9,183 51.8 7,886 44.5 654 1996 9,194 50.2 8,498 46.4 616 1997 9,201 49.4 9,158 49.2 260 1998 8,987 47.5 9,764 51.6 165 1999 8,711 44.6 9,912 50.8 894 2000 8,784 44.6 10,419 52.9 496 2001 8,686 44.2 10,900 55.5 60 2002 8,720 44.1 10,547 53.4 493 2003 8,554 42.7 11,238 56.1 239 2004 8,498 41.0 12,097 58.4 133 2005 8,140 39.1 12,549 60.3 114 2006 8,163 39.4 12,391 59.9 143 2007 8,292 40.1 12,027 58.1 376 2008 8,364 42.9 11,090 56.9 51 2009 R8,981 47.8 9,654 51.4 154 2010 R9,490 R49.4 R9,435 49.2 R267 2011 E9,884 E52.4 P8,432 P44.7 P561 

1 Crude oil (including lease condensate) production; natural gas plant liquids production; and processing

gain (refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs). Beginning in 1981, alsoincludes fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) production. Beginning in 2001, also includes biodiesel production. 2 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Includes petroleum (excluding biofuels) net imports.Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) net imports. Beginning in 2001, alsoincludes biodiesel net imports. Beginning in 2009, also includes a small amount of other biofuels (such asbio-jet fuel and bio-ETBE) imports.

3 Includes petroleum and biofuels stock withdrawals (stock change multiplied by -1); petroleum

adjustments; and biodiesel balancing item.

4 Includes estimated consumption of petroleum. Beginning in 1981, also includes estimated

consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Beginning in 2001, also includes estimated consumption ofbiodiesel. Techniques used to estimate consumption vary depending on the product. Petroleum productsupplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption, which is adjusted to exclude biofuels inorder to prevent double counting. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum

Consumption," at end of section. Estimated consumption of fuel etha

calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanof denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed; for other years, see sources in Taof biodiesel in 2011 is calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel nchange; for other years, see sources in Table 10.4.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#pet

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleu1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ and http://www.eia.gov/renew

Sources: Production: Tables 5.1b, 10.3, and 10.4. Net Imports: 

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Annual (PSM), and earlier publications—see sources for Table 5.1b. Balancing consumption minus production and net imports. Estimated Consumptioand EIA, PSA, PSM, and earlier publications—see sources for Table 5.1b
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.1b Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Field Production 1

Renewable

Fuels

and

Oxygenates 5

Processing

Gain 6

Trade

Stock

Change 8,10

Crude Oil 2

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids 4 Total Imports 7,8 Exports

Net

Imports 8,9 48 States 3 Alaska Total

1949 5,046 0 5,046 430 5,477 NA -2 645 327 318 -8 1950 5,407 0 5,407 499 5,906 NA 2 850 305 545 -56 1955 6,807 0 6,807 771 7,578 NA 34 1,248 368 880 (s) 1960 7,034 2 7,035 929 7,965 NA 146 1,815 202 1,613 -83 1965 7,774 30 7,804 1,210 9,014 NA 220 2,468 187 2,281 -8 1970 9,408 229 9,637 1,660 11,297 NA 359 3,419 259 3,161 103 1975 8,183 191 8,375 1,633 10,007 NA 460 6,056 209 5,846 32 1976 7,958 173 8,132 1,604 9,736 NA 477 7,313 223 7,090 -58 1977 7,781 464 8,245 1,618 9,862 NA 524 8,807 243 8,565 548 1978 7,478 1,229 8,707 1,567 10,275 NA 496 8,363 362 8,002 -94 1979 7,151 1,401 8,552 1,584 10,135 NA 527 8,456 471 7,985 173 1980 6,980 1,617 8,597 1,573 10,170 NA 597 6,909 544 6,365 140 1981 6,962 1,609 8,572 1,609 10,180 NA 508 5,996 595 5,401 160 1982 6,953 1,696 8,649 1,550 10,199 NA 531 5,113 815 4,298 -147 1983 6,974 1,714 8,688 1,559 10,246 NA 488 5,051 739 4,312 -20 1984 7,157 1,722 8,879 1,630 10,509 NA 553 5,437 722 4,715 280 1985 7,146 1,825 8,971 1,609 10,581 NA 557 5,067 781 4,286 -103 1986 6,814 1,867 8,680 1,551 10,231 NA 616 6,224 785 5,439 202 1987 6,387 1,962 8,349 1,595 9,944 NA 639 6,678 764 5,914 41 1988 6,123 2,017 8,140 1,625 9,765 NA 655 7,402 815 6,587 -28 1989 5,739 1,874 7,613 1,546 9,159 NA 661 8,061 859 7,202 -43 1990 5,582 1,773 7,355 1,559 8,914 NA 683 8,018 857 7,161 107 1991 5,618 1,798 7,417 1,659 9,076 NA 715 7,627 1,001 6,626 -10 1992 5,457 1,714 7,171 1,697 8,868 NA 772 7,888 950 6,938 -68 1993 5,264 1,582 6,847 1,736 8,582 NA 766 8,620 1,003 7,618 151 1994 5,103 1,559 6,662 1,727 8,388 NA 768 8,996 942 8,054 15 1995 5,076 1,484 6,560 1,762 8,322 NA 774 8,835 949 7,886 -246 1996 5,071 1,393 6,465 1,830 8,295 NA 837 9,478 981 8,498 -151 1997 5,156 1,296 6,452 1,817 8,269 NA 850 10,162 1,003 9,158 143 1998 5,077 1,175 6,252 1,759 8,011 NA 886 10,708 945 9,764 239 1999 4,832 1,050 5,881 1,850 7,731 NA 886 10,852 940 9,912 -422 2000 4,851 970 5,822 1,911 7,733 NA 948 11,459 1,040 10,419 -69 2001 4,839 963 5,801 1,868 7,670 NA 903 11,871 971 10,900 325 2002 4,761 984 5,746 1,880 7,626 NA 957 11,530 984 10,546 -105 2003 4,706 974 5,681 1,719 7,400 NA 974 12,264 1,027 11,238 56 2004 4,510 908 5,419 1,809 7,228 NA 1,051 13,145 1,048 12,097 209 2005 4,314 864 5,178 1,717 6,895 NA 989 13,714 1,165 12,549 145 2006 4,361 741 5,102 1,739 6,841 NA 994 13,707 1,317 12,390 60 2007 4,342 722 5,064 1,783 6,847 NA 996 13,468 1,433 12,036 -148 2008 4,268 683 4,950 1,784 6,734 NA 993 12,915 1,802 11,114 195 2009 4,715 645 5,361 1,910 7,270 746 979 11,691 2,024 9,667 109 2010 R4,874 R601 R5,476 R2,074 R7,550 R907 R1,068 R11,793 R2,353 R9,441 R49 2011 E5,090 E572 E5,662 P2,183 E7,844 P954 P1,085 P11,360 P2,924 P8,436 P-115 

1 Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, and

a small amount of finished petroleum products) production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes whatwas previously classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blendingcomponents, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in "Adjustments." 2 Includes lease condensate. 3 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 4 See Table 5.10. 5 Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production. 6 Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs. See Table 5.8. 7 Includes crude oil imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17. 8 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. Beginning in 2009, alsoincludes biodiesel and other renewable fuels blended into petroleum. 9 Net imports equal imports minus exports.

10 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. Includes

crude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes distillate fuel oil stocks in the NortheastHeating Oil Reserve. See Table 5.16.

11 An adjustment for crude oil, finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, fuel

ethanol, and distillate fuel oil. See EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Les

greater than -500 barrels per day.

Notes: • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petrole

"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics,not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#pet

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdministratioPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—EIA, Petrolereports. • 2010 and 2011—EIA, PSA, annual report; Petroleum Supplrevisions to crude oil production, total field production, and adjustments, Review (May 2012), Table 3.1 (based on crude oil production data from: SDepartment of the Interior, Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcemand Form EIA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report").
Figure 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2011

Crude Oil Production by Location Number of Producing WellsCrude Oil Production, 48 States1 and Alaska Crude Oil Well Average Productivity122 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.

Source: Table 5.2.

1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Thousand Wells

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative) Offshore Onshore

Alaska

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day 48 States1

1960 1970 1980 

05

101520

Barrels per Day per Well
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2011

Year

Crude Oil Production Crude O

48 States 2 Alaska 3 Total Onshore

Offshore

Total

Producin

Wells 4

Federal State Total 

Thousand Barrels per Day Thousand Barrels per Day Thousand

1954 6,342 0 6,342 6,209 NA NA 133 6,342 511 1955 6,807 0 6,807 6,645 NA NA 162 6,807 524 1960 7,034 2 7,035 6,716 NA NA 319 7,035 591 1965 7,774 30 7,804 7,140 NA NA 665 7,804 589 1970 9,408 229 9,637 8,060 NA NA 1,577 9,637 531 1975 8,183 191 8,375 7,012 NA NA 1,362 8,375 500 1976 7,958 173 8,132 6,868 NA NA 1,264 8,132 499 1977 7,781 464 8,245 7,069 NA NA 1,176 8,245 507 1978 7,478 1,229 8,707 7,571 NA NA 1,136 8,707 517 1979 7,151 1,401 8,552 7,485 NA NA 1,067 8,552 531 1980 6,980 1,617 8,597 7,562 NA NA 1,034 8,597 548 1981 6,962 1,609 8,572 7,537 773 261 1,034 8,572 557 1982 6,953 1,696 8,649 7,538 863 247 1,110 8,649 580 1983 6,974 1,714 8,688 7,492 960 236 1,196 8,688 603 1984 7,157 1,722 8,879 7,596 1,039 244 1,283 8,879 621 1985 7,146 1,825 8,971 7,722 1,023 227 1,250 8,971 647 1986 6,814 1,867 8,680 7,426 1,038 216 1,254 8,680 623 1987 6,387 1,962 8,349 7,153 977 219 1,196 8,349 620 1988 6,123 2,017 8,140 6,949 904 287 1,191 8,140 612 1989 5,739 1,874 7,613 6,486 855 272 1,127 7,613 603 1990 5,582 1,773 7,355 6,273 821 261 1,082 7,355 602 1991 5,618 1,798 7,417 6,245 886 286 1,172 7,417 614 1992 5,457 1,714 7,171 5,953 938 280 1,218 7,171 594 1993 5,264 1,582 6,847 R5,596 964 287 R1,250 6,847 584 1994 5,103 1,559 6,662 5,291 1,017 353 1,370 6,662 582 1995 5,076 1,484 6,560 5,035 1,140 385 1,525 6,560 574 1996 5,071 1,393 6,465 4,902 1,197 365 1,562 6,465 574 1997 5,156 1,296 6,452 4,803 1,278 371 1,648 6,452 573 1998 5,077 1,175 6,252 4,560 1,355 337 1,692 6,252 562 1999 4,832 1,050 5,881 4,132 1,462 288 1,750 5,881 546 2000 4,851 970 5,822 4,049 1,525 248 1,773 5,822 534 2001 4,839 963 5,801 3,879 1,621 302 1,923 5,801 530 2002 4,761 984 5,746 3,743 1,637 365 2,003 5,746 529 2003 4,706 974 5,681 3,668 1,641 371 2,012 5,681 513 2004 4,510 908 5,419 3,536 1,527 356 1,883 5,419 510 2005 4,314 864 5,178 3,466 1,354 358 1,712 5,178 498 2006 4,361 741 5,102 3,401 1,370 331 1,701 5,102 497 2007 4,342 722 5,064 3,407 1,344 312 1,657 5,064 500 2008 4,268 683 4,950 3,452 1,218 280 1,498 4,950 526 2009 4,715 645 5,361 3,622 1,619 119 1,738 5,361 526 2010 R4,874 R601 R5,476 RE3,744 E1,609 E122 RE1,732 R5,476 R520 2011 E5,090 E572 E5,662 E4,178 E1,373 E111 E1,484 E5,662 P536 

1 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 2 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. Includes State onshore, State offshore, and Federal

offshore production.

3 Includes State onshore and State offshore production. 4 As of December 31. 5 Through 1976, average productivity is based on the average number of producing wells. Beginning in

1977, average productivity is based on the number of wells producing at end of year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in

1954. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: Crude Oil Production: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum

Statement, Annual, annual reports; and U.S. Geological Survey, Outer Contin

1979). • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), EnergStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annand 2011—EIA, Monthly Energy Review (May 2012), Table 3.1; and crude oil government agencies; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Safety and Eand predecessor agencies; and Form EIA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First PurWells: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude Petroleuchapter. • 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statemen• 1981-1994—Independent Petroleum Association of America, The Oil Produ• 1995 forward—Gulf Publishing Co., World Oil, February issues. Average Ptotal production divided by producing wells.
Figure 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type

Total, 1949-2011 By Selected Product, 1949-2011By Product, 2011124 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Aviation gasoline and blending components, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel,

pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, otherhydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.

Source: Table 5.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Total

Crude Oil

Petroleum Products

707

623

353

176

133 105

69

Motor Gasoline Unfinished Oils Residual Distillate LPG1 Motor Jet Fuel As

0

200400600800

Million Barrels per Day

Blending Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Gasoline

Components
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 1,2

Petroleum Products

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 3

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 5

Motor Gasoline

Blending

Components

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

Other

Products Propane 6 

4 Total

1949 421 3 5 3 ( ) 0 0 0 0 206 10 0 1950 487 5 7 3 ( ) 0 0 (s) 7 ( ) 329 21 1 1955 782 9 12 3 ( ) 0 0 13 7 ( ) 417 15 0 1960 1,015 17 35 34 NA 4 27 7 ( ) 637 45 (s) 1965 1,238 17 36 81 NA 21 28 7 ( ) 946 92 10 1970 1,324 17 147 144 26 52 67 7 ( ) 1,528 108 32 1975 4,105 14 155 133 60 112 184 7 ( ) 1,223 36 95 1976 5,287 11 146 76 68 130 131 7 ( ) 1,413 32 87 1977 6,615 4 250 75 86 161 217 7 ( ) 1,359 31 95 1978 6,356 2 173 86 57 123 190 7 ( ) 1,355 27 50 1979 6,519 4 193 78 88 217 181 7 ( ) 1,151 59 54 1980 5,263 4 142 80 69 216 140 7 ( ) 939 55 72 1981 4,396 4 173 38 70 244 157 24 800 112 48 1982 3,488 5 93 29 63 226 197 42 776 174 84 1983 3,329 7 174 29 44 190 247 47 699 234 94 1984 3,426 18 272 62 67 195 299 83 681 231 171 1985 3,201 35 200 39 67 187 381 67 510 318 130 1986 4,178 29 247 57 110 242 326 72 669 250 153 1987 4,674 36 255 67 88 190 384 60 565 299 146 1988 5,107 31 302 90 106 209 405 57 644 360 196 1989 5,843 31 306 106 111 181 369 66 629 348 183 1990 5,894 32 278 108 115 188 342 62 504 413 198 1991 5,782 28 205 67 91 147 297 36 453 413 198 1992 6,083 27 216 82 85 131 294 41 375 443 195 1993 6,787 32 184 100 103 160 247 27 373 491 219 1994 7,063 37 203 117 124 183 356 20 314 413 291 1995 7,230 36 193 106 102 146 265 48 187 349 276 1996 7,508 27 230 111 119 166 336 166 248 367 319 1997 8,225 32 228 91 113 169 309 200 194 353 360 1998 8,706 28 210 124 137 194 311 209 275 302 350 1999 8,731 34 250 128 122 182 382 217 237 317 375 2000 9,071 28 295 162 161 215 427 223 352 274 414 2001 9,328 26 344 148 140 206 454 298 295 378 393 2002 9,140 27 267 107 145 183 498 311 249 410 337 2003 9,665 12 333 109 168 225 518 367 327 335 373 2004 10,088 43 325 127 209 263 496 451 426 490 436 2005 10,126 43 329 190 233 328 603 510 530 582 473 2006 10,118 50 365 186 228 332 475 669 350 689 473 2007 10,031 40 304 217 182 247 413 753 372 717 375 2008 9,783 25 213 103 185 253 302 789 349 763 337 2009 9,013 22 225 81 147 182 223 719 331 677 217 2010 R9,213 20 R228 R98 R121 R153 R134 R741 R366 R606 R234 2011P 8,921 22 176 69 108 133 105 707 353 623 251 

1 Includes lease condensate. 2 Includes imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17. 3 Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Motor Gasoline." Through 1964, kerosene-type jet

fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products." 4 Includes propylene. 5 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Through 1963, alsoincludes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through 1980, also includes motor gasoline blendingcomponents.

6 Aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical

feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline and

special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. 7 Included in "Motor Gasoline."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels Notes: • Includes imports from U.S. possessions and territories. • 

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petrole

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum f1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, P

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2010—EIA, Petroreports. • 2011—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2012).
Figure 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC, 1960-2011 Selected Countries, 2011Selected OPEC Countries, 1960-2011 Selected Non-OPEC Countries, 1960-2011126 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 On this graph, imports from Nigeria are shown beginning in 1971, when Nigeria joined

OPEC.

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting CouSource: Table 5.4.

Total

Non-OPEC

OPEC

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0369

12

15

Million Barrels per Day

2.7

1.2 1.2

0.9

0.8

0

Canada Mexico Saudi Vene- Nigeria Ru

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.43.0

Million Barrels per Day

Saudi Arabia

Venezuela

Nigeria1

Arabia

Iraq

zuela

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 199

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Million Barrels per Day
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2011

Year

Persian

Gulf 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 1 Countries

Total

Imports

Impo

Persi

as S

Total 

Iraq Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia 3 Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Brazil Canada Mexico Russia 5

United

Kingdom

Total

Non-OPEC 4

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1960 RE326 22 6 ( ) 84 911 1,233 1 120 16 0 (s) 581 1,815 RE1965 R359 16 6 ( ) 158 994 1,439 0 323 48 0 (s) 1,029 2,468 R1966 R319 26 6 ( ) 147 1,018 1,444 0 384 45 0 6 1,129 2,573 R1967 R203 5 6 ( ) 92 938 1,247 2 450 49 0 11 1,290 2,537 1968 R218 0 6 ( ) 74 886 1,287 (s) 506 45 0 28 1,553 2,840 1969 R193 0 6 ( ) 65 875 1,286 0 608 43 2 20 1,879 3,166 1970 R184 0 6 ( ) 30 989 1,294 2 766 42 3 11 2,126 3,419 1971 R379 11 102 128 1,020 1,673 3 857 27 0 10 2,253 3,926 1972 471 4 251 190 959 2,046 5 1,108 21 8 9 2,695 4,741 1973 848 4 459 486 1,135 2,993 9 1,325 16 26 15 3,263 6,256 1974 1,039 0 713 461 979 3,256 2 1,070 8 20 8 2,856 6,112 1975 1,165 2 762 715 702 3,601 5 846 71 14 14 2,454 6,056 1976 1,840 26 1,025 1,230 700 5,066 0 599 87 11 31 2,247 7,313 1977 2,448 74 1,143 1,380 690 6,193 0 517 179 12 126 2,614 8,807 1978 2,219 62 919 1,144 646 5,751 0 467 318 8 180 2,612 8,363 1979 2,069 88 1,080 1,356 690 5,637 1 538 439 1 202 2,819 8,456 1980 1,519 28 857 1,261 481 4,300 3 455 533 1 176 2,609 6,909 1981 1,219 (s) 620 1,129 406 3,323 23 447 522 5 375 2,672 5,996 1982 696 3 514 552 412 2,146 47 482 685 1 456 2,968 5,113 1983 442 10 302 337 422 1,862 41 547 826 1 382 3,189 5,051 1984 506 12 216 325 548 2,049 60 630 748 13 402 3,388 5,437 1985 311 46 293 168 605 1,830 61 770 816 8 310 3,237 5,067 1986 912 81 440 685 793 2,837 50 807 699 18 350 3,387 6,224 1987 1,077 83 535 751 804 3,060 84 848 655 11 352 3,617 6,678 1988 1,541 345 618 1,073 794 3,520 98 999 747 29 315 3,882 7,402 1989 1,861 449 815 1,224 873 4,140 82 931 767 48 215 3,921 8,061 1990 1,966 518 800 1,339 1,025 4,296 49 934 755 45 189 3,721 8,018 1991 1,845 0 703 1,802 1,035 4,092 22 1,033 807 29 138 3,535 7,627 1992 1,778 0 681 1,720 1,170 4,092 20 1,069 830 18 230 3,796 7,888 1993 1,782 0 740 1,414 1,300 4,273 33 1,181 919 55 350 4,347 8,620 1994 1,728 0 637 1,402 1,334 4,247 31 1,272 984 30 458 4,749 8,996 1995 1,573 0 627 1,344 1,480 4,002 8 1,332 1,068 25 383 4,833 8,835 1996 1,604 1 617 1,363 1,676 4,211 9 1,424 1,244 25 308 5,267 9,478 1997 1,755 89 698 1,407 1,773 4,569 5 1,563 1,385 13 226 5,593 10,162 1998 2,136 336 696 1,491 1,719 4,905 26 1,598 1,351 24 250 5,803 10,708 1999 2,464 725 657 1,478 1,493 4,953 26 1,539 1,324 89 365 5,899 10,852 2000 2,488 620 896 1,572 1,546 5,203 51 1,807 1,373 72 366 6,257 11,459 2001 2,761 795 885 1,662 1,553 5,528 82 1,828 1,440 90 324 6,343 11,871 2002 2,269 459 621 1,552 1,398 4,605 116 1,971 1,547 210 478 6,925 11,530 2003 2,501 481 867 1,774 1,376 5,162 108 2,072 1,623 254 440 7,103 12,264 2004 2,493 656 1,140 1,558 1,554 5,701 104 2,138 1,665 298 380 7,444 13,145 2005 2,334 531 1,166 1,537 1,529 5,587 156 2,181 1,662 410 396 8,127 13,714 2006 2,211 553 1,114 1,463 1,419 5,517 193 2,353 1,705 369 272 8,190 13,707 2007 2,163 484 1,134 1,485 1,361 5,980 200 2,455 1,532 414 277 7,489 13,468 2008 2,370 627 988 1,529 1,189 5,954 258 2,493 1,302 465 236 6,961 12,915 2009 1,689 450 809 1,004 1,063 4,776 309 2,479 1,210 563 245 6,915 11,691 2010 R1,711 R415 R1,023 R1,096 R988 R4,906 R272 R2,535 R1,284 R612 256 R6,887 R11,793 2011P 1,862 460 817 1,195 944 4,534 249 2,706 1,205 621 158 6,825 11,360 

1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes imports

from the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia. 4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and theNeutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in1962, also includes Libya; for 1962–2008, also includes Indonesia; beginning in 1967, also includes UnitedArab Emirates; beginning in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for1973–1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975–1994, also includesGabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC"are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

5 Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the former U.S.S.R. See

"U.S.S.R." in Glossary.

6 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960–1970, Nigeria is included in "Total 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be t

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refinrefineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle East crude imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. • Totacomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum 

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for a1960. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude 

Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EP.A.D. Districts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2010—EIA, annual reports. • 2011—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2012).
Figure 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type

Total, 1949-2011 By Selected Product, 1949-2011By Product, 2011128 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.

2 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components,

naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.

Source: Table 5.5.

Total

Products

Crude Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,500

Thousand Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

100200300400500600700800900

Thousand Barrels per Day

Residual

Fuel Oil

Fuel Oil Coke Gasoline Fuel Oil 

854

492 479

431

148

97 68 

Distillate Petroleum Motor Residual LPG1 Jet Fuel Lubricants 

0

100200300400500600700800900

Thousand Barrels per Day
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 1

Petroleum Products

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 2

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 4

Petroleum

Coke

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Residual

Fuel Oil

Special

Naphthas

Other

Products Propane 

3 Total

1949 91 34 2 ( ) NA 4 35 108 7 0 35 NA 15 1950 95 35 2 ( ) NA 4 39 68 7 0 44 NA 12 1955 32 67 (s) NA 12 39 95 12 0 93 NA 18 1960 8 27 (s) NA 8 43 37 19 0 51 NA 9 1965 3 10 3 NA 21 45 2 32 5 41 4 20 1970 14 2 6 6 27 44 1 84 10 54 4 12 1975 6 1 2 13 26 25 2 102 22 15 3 6 1976 8 1 2 13 25 26 3 103 30 12 7 6 1977 50 1 2 10 18 26 2 102 24 6 4 7 1978 158 3 1 9 20 27 1 111 23 13 2 2 1979 235 3 1 8 15 23 (s) 146 31 9 5 3 1980 287 3 1 10 21 23 1 136 29 33 5 4 1981 228 5 2 18 42 19 2 138 26 118 11 4 1982 236 74 6 31 65 16 20 156 24 209 5 4 1983 164 64 6 43 73 16 10 195 20 185 3 3 1984 181 51 9 30 48 15 6 193 21 190 2 6 1985 204 67 13 48 62 15 10 187 19 197 1 4 1986 154 100 18 28 42 23 33 238 22 147 1 8 1987 151 66 24 24 38 23 35 213 20 186 2 7 1988 155 69 28 31 49 26 22 231 23 200 7 6 1989 142 97 27 24 35 19 39 233 26 215 12 15 1990 109 109 43 28 40 20 55 220 26 211 11 13 1991 116 215 43 28 41 18 82 235 0 226 15 9 1992 89 219 43 33 49 16 96 216 0 193 14 16 1993 98 274 59 26 43 19 105 258 0 123 4 20 1994 99 234 20 24 38 22 97 261 0 125 20 26 1995 95 183 26 38 58 25 104 277 0 136 21 25 1996 110 190 48 28 51 34 104 285 0 102 21 36 1997 108 152 35 32 50 31 137 306 0 120 22 44 1998 110 124 26 25 42 25 125 267 0 138 18 70 1999 118 162 32 33 50 28 111 242 0 129 16 52 2000 50 173 32 53 74 26 144 319 0 139 20 64 2001 20 119 29 31 44 26 133 336 0 191 23 50 2002 9 112 15 55 67 33 124 337 0 177 15 94 2003 12 107 20 37 56 37 125 361 0 197 22 89 2004 27 110 40 28 43 41 124 350 0 205 27 82 2005 32 138 53 37 53 40 136 347 0 251 21 94 2006 25 215 41 45 56 55 142 366 0 283 14 121 2007 27 268 41 42 57 59 127 366 0 330 18 140 2008 29 528 61 53 67 60 172 377 0 355 13 139 2009 44 587 69 85 100 57 195 391 0 415 22 143 2010 42 656 84 109 132 62 296 449 0 405 36 R192 2011P 47 854 97 124 148 68 479 492 0 431 38 270 

1 Includes lease condensate. 2 Through 1952, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: gasoline,

kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "OtherProducts." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other Products."

3 Includes propylene. 4 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline. 5 Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes plus, waxes, other

hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-typejet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-typejet fuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barreNotes: • Includes exports to U.S. possessions and territories. • 

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petr

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdministratioPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2010—EIA, Pereports. • 2011—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2012).
Figure 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination

Total Exports and Exports to Canada and Mexico, 1960-2011 By Selected Country, 1960-2011By Selected Country, 2011130 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Source: Table 5.6.

Total Exports

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

100200300400500600

Thousand Barrels per Day

Exports to Canada and Mexico

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,500

Thousand Barrels per Day 

Nethe

Kingdom

569

295

249

160

75 58 49 39 34 30 

Mexico Canada Netherlands Brazil Japan Spain France Italy United Belgium 

0

100200300400500600

Thousand Barrels per Day
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2011

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year Belgium 1 Brazil Canada France Italy Japan Mexico

Netherlands South Korea Spain United Kingdom

U.S. V

Island

Puerto 

1960 3 4 34 4 6 62 18 6 NA NA 12 1965 3 3 26 3 7 40 27 10 NA NA 12 1966 3 4 32 4 7 36 39 9 NA NA 12 1967 5 6 50 3 9 51 36 13 NA NA 62 1968 4 8 39 4 8 56 31 10 NA NA 14 1969 4 7 44 4 9 47 33 9 NA NA 13 1970 5 7 31 5 10 69 33 15 NA NA 12 1971 7 9 26 5 8 39 42 11 NA NA 9 1972 13 9 26 5 9 32 41 12 NA 4 10 1973 15 8 31 5 9 34 44 13 NA 4 9 1974 13 9 32 4 9 38 35 17 NA 4 6 1975 9 6 22 6 10 27 42 23 NA 4 7 1976 12 7 28 6 10 25 35 22 NA 4 13 1977 16 6 71 9 10 25 24 17 NA 5 9 1978 15 8 108 9 10 26 27 18 NA 5 7 1979 19 7 100 13 15 34 21 28 2 9 7 11980 20 4 108 11 14 32 28 23 2 8 7 21981 12 1 89 15 22 38 26 42 10 18 5 21982 17 8 85 24 32 68 53 85 28 24 14 21983 22 2 76 23 35 104 24 49 15 34 8 11984 21 1 83 18 39 92 35 37 17 29 14 11985 26 3 74 11 30 108 61 44 27 28 14 11986 30 3 85 11 39 110 56 58 12 39 8 11987 17 2 83 12 42 120 70 39 25 31 6 11988 25 3 84 12 29 124 70 26 24 36 9 11989 23 5 92 11 37 122 89 36 17 28 9 11990 20 2 91 17 48 92 89 54 60 33 11 11991 22 13 70 27 55 95 99 72 66 23 13 11992 22 20 64 9 38 100 124 52 80 21 12 1993 21 16 72 8 34 105 110 45 74 30 10 11994 26 15 78 11 35 74 124 30 66 30 10 11995 21 16 73 11 46 76 125 33 57 38 14 11996 27 29 94 18 32 102 143 43 60 34 9 1997 21 15 119 11 30 95 207 41 50 42 12 1998 14 18 148 8 30 64 235 33 33 30 11 1999 11 27 119 7 25 84 261 38 49 26 9 2000 14 28 110 10 34 90 358 42 20 40 10 2001 16 23 112 13 33 62 274 45 14 51 13 2002 19 26 106 12 29 74 254 23 11 54 12 2003 13 27 141 9 39 69 228 15 10 39 6 2004 20 27 158 18 32 63 209 36 12 42 14 2005 21 39 181 14 28 56 268 25 16 35 21 2006 23 42 159 13 39 58 255 83 21 42 28 2007 13 46 189 24 34 54 279 81 16 48 9 2008 18 54 264 27 41 54 333 131 18 54 17 2009 29 55 223 34 35 58 322 192 23 40 33 2010 19 R123 R233 36 37 88 R448 R165 R13 36 R19 2011P 30 160 295 49 39 75 569 249 15 58 34 

1 Through 2004, includes Luxembourg.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in

1960. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Su

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdminisPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2010—EIreports. • 2011—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2012).
Figure 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2011

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC By Selected CountryTotal Net Imports as Share of Consumption Net Imports From OPEC132 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Source: Table 5.7.

OPEC

Non-OPEC

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

1

2

34

Million Barrels per Day 

Total

Sh

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

255075

100

Percent

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

255075

100

Percent
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2011

Year

Persian

Gulf 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 1 Countries

Total

Net

Imports

Total Net

Imports as

Share of 

Consumption 5

Net 

Algeria Nigeria

Saudi

Arabia 3 Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada Mexico

United

Kingdom

U.S. Virgin

Islands and

Puerto Rico

Total

Non-OPEC 4

Sha

Tota

Imp

Thousand Barrels per Day Per

1960 NA 8 ( ) 9 ( ) 84 910 1,232 86 -2 -12 34 381 1,613 16.5 71965 NA 8 ( ) 9 ( ) 158 994 1,438 297 21 -11 45 843 2,281 19.8 61970 NA 8 9 ( ) 30 989 1,294 736 9 -1 270 1,867 3,161 21.5 41971 NA 15 102 128 1,019 1,671 831 -14 1 365 2,030 3,701 24.3 41972 NA 92 251 189 959 2,044 1,082 -20 -1 428 2,475 4,519 27.6 41973 NA 136 459 485 1,134 2,991 1,294 -28 6 426 3,034 6,025 34.8 41974 NA 190 713 461 978 3,254 1,038 -27 1 475 2,638 5,892 35.4 51975 NA 282 762 714 702 3,599 824 29 7 484 2,248 5,846 35.8 61976 NA 432 1,025 1,229 699 5,063 571 53 19 488 2,027 7,090 40.6 71977 NA 559 1,143 1,379 689 6,190 446 155 117 560 2,375 8,565 46.5 71978 NA 649 919 1,142 644 5,747 359 291 173 436 2,255 8,002 42.5 71979 NA 636 1,080 1,354 688 5,633 438 418 196 353 2,352 7,985 43.1 71980 NA 488 857 1,259 478 4,293 347 506 169 256 2,071 6,365 37.3 61981 1,215 311 620 1,128 403 3,315 358 497 370 169 2,086 5,401 33.6 61982 692 170 512 551 409 2,136 397 632 442 154 2,163 4,298 28.1 41983 439 240 299 336 420 1,843 471 802 374 178 2,469 4,312 28.3 41984 502 323 215 324 544 2,037 547 714 388 184 2,679 4,715 30.0 41985 309 187 293 167 602 1,821 696 755 295 114 2,465 4,286 27.3 41986 909 271 440 685 788 2,828 721 642 342 152 2,611 5,439 33.4 51987 1,074 295 535 751 801 3,055 765 585 346 158 2,859 5,914 35.5 51988 1,529 300 618 1,064 790 3,513 916 677 306 117 3,074 6,587 38.1 51989 1,858 269 815 1,224 861 4,124 839 678 206 212 3,078 7,202 41.6 51990 1,962 280 800 1,339 1,016 4,285 843 666 179 213 2,876 7,161 42.2 51991 1,833 253 703 1,796 1,020 4,065 963 707 125 153 2,561 6,626 39.6 61992 1,773 196 680 1,720 1,161 4,071 1,005 706 219 180 2,867 6,938 40.7 51993 1,774 219 736 1,413 1,296 4,253 1,109 809 340 175 3,365 7,618 44.2 51994 1,723 243 637 1,402 1,322 4,233 1,194 860 448 246 3,822 8,054 45.5 51995 1,563 234 626 1,343 1,468 3,980 1,260 943 369 170 3,906 7,886 44.5 51996 1,596 256 616 1,362 1,667 4,193 1,330 1,101 299 262 4,305 8,498 46.4 41997 1,747 285 693 1,407 1,758 4,542 1,444 1,178 214 298 4,616 9,158 49.2 41998 2,132 290 693 1,491 1,700 4,880 1,451 1,116 239 305 4,884 9,764 51.6 51999 2,459 259 655 1,478 1,480 4,934 1,421 1,063 356 284 4,978 9,912 50.8 42000 2,483 225 896 1,571 1,530 5,181 1,697 1,015 356 297 5,238 10,419 52.9 42001 2,758 278 884 1,662 1,540 5,510 1,717 1,166 311 268 5,390 10,900 55.5 52002 2,265 264 620 1,551 1,387 4,589 1,864 1,292 467 224 5,958 10,546 53.4 42003 2,497 381 866 1,774 1,364 5,144 1,932 1,395 434 279 6,094 11,238 56.1 42004 2,489 452 1,139 1,557 1,548 5,688 1,980 1,456 366 321 6,409 12,097 58.4 42005 2,330 478 1,165 1,536 1,515 5,567 2,001 1,394 375 317 6,982 12,549 60.3 42006 2,208 657 1,111 1,462 1,392 5,480 2,194 1,450 244 318 6,910 12,390 59.9 42007 2,159 663 1,133 1,483 1,339 5,946 2,266 1,254 268 336 6,090 12,036 58.2 42008 2,368 548 982 1,529 1,162 5,899 2,229 969 219 307 5,214 11,114 57.0 52009 1,678 490 798 1,003 1,037 4,675 2,257 888 212 257 4,991 9,667 51.5 42010 R1,705 R510 R1,006 R1,096 R968 R4,787 R2,302 R837 R237 R236 R4,653 R9,441 R49.2 R52011P 1,843 354 802 1,193 912 4,408 2,411 636 124 171 4,028 8,436 44.8 5

1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone

(between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia). 3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes importsfrom the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia. 4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and theNeutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in1962, also includes Libya; for 1962–2008, also includes Indonesia; beginning in 1967, also includes UnitedArab Emirates; beginning in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for1973–1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975–1994, also includesGabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC"are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

5 Calculated by dividing total net petroleum imports by total U.S. petroleum products supplied

(consumption). 6 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total net petroleum imports. 7 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total U.S. petroleum product

supplied (consumption). 8 Algeria joined OPEC in 1969. For 1960–1968, Algeria is included in "Total N

9 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960–1970, Nigeria is included in "Total 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be th

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refinerefineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle East crude imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. • for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. • Totals may not due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum 

1960. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude P

Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EP.A.D. Districts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2010—EIA, annual reports. • 2011—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2012).
Figure 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2011

Refinery and Blender Net Inputs Refinery and Blender Net Production of Select134 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 See Table 5.8, footnote 4. Source: Table 5.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

048

12

16

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

048

12

16

Million Barrels per Day

Crude Oil

Natural Gas Plant Liquids and Other Liquids1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Refinery and Blender Net Inputs 1 Refinery and Blender Net Production 2

Crude

Oil 3

Natural Gas

Plant

Liquids

Other

Liquids 4 Total

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 5

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 6

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

Still

Gas

Other

Products 7 

1949 5,327 234 28 5,588 155 934 5 ( ) 64 2,572 46 1,164 226 425 1950 5,739 259 19 6,018 179 1,093 5 ( ) 80 2,735 47 1,165 229 492 1955 7,480 345 32 7,857 251 1,651 155 119 3,648 78 1,152 319 518 1960 8,067 455 61 8,583 286 1,823 241 212 4,126 164 908 354 616 1965 9,043 618 88 9,750 357 2,096 523 293 4,507 236 736 395 827 1970 10,870 763 121 11,754 428 2,454 827 345 5,699 296 706 483 876 1975 12,442 710 72 13,225 408 2,653 871 311 6,518 354 1,235 523 811 1976 13,416 725 59 14,200 391 2,924 918 340 6,838 356 1,377 541 993 1977 14,602 673 74 15,349 431 3,277 973 352 7,031 369 1,754 572 1,114 1978 14,739 639 92 15,470 482 3,167 970 355 7,167 369 1,667 603 1,186 1979 14,648 510 78 15,236 467 3,152 1,012 340 6,837 376 1,687 598 1,296 1980 13,481 462 81 14,025 393 2,661 999 330 6,492 370 1,580 581 1,215 1981 12,470 524 488 13,482 340 2,613 968 315 6,400 390 1,321 565 1,078 1982 11,774 515 572 12,861 329 2,606 978 270 6,336 410 1,070 554 839 1983 11,685 460 505 12,650 372 2,456 1,022 328 6,338 420 852 550 801 1984 12,044 500 581 13,126 386 2,680 1,132 363 6,453 439 891 559 776 1985 12,002 509 681 13,192 401 2,686 1,189 391 6,419 455 882 584 743 1986 12,716 479 711 13,906 410 2,796 1,293 417 6,752 506 889 641 818 1987 12,854 466 667 13,987 434 2,729 1,343 449 6,841 512 885 643 791 1988 13,246 511 610 14,367 443 2,857 1,370 499 6,956 544 926 670 758 1989 13,401 499 613 14,513 424 2,899 1,403 554 6,963 542 954 681 755 1990 13,409 467 713 14,589 449 2,925 1,488 499 6,959 552 950 673 778 1991 13,301 472 768 14,541 430 2,962 1,438 536 6,975 568 934 651 761 1992 13,411 469 745 14,626 419 2,974 1,399 607 7,058 596 892 659 796 1993 13,613 491 917 15,021 451 3,132 1,422 592 7,304 619 835 653 780 1994 13,866 465 691 15,023 451 3,205 1,448 611 7,181 622 826 657 790 1995 13,973 471 775 15,220 467 3,155 1,416 654 7,459 630 788 647 778 1996 14,195 450 843 15,487 459 3,316 1,515 662 7,565 664 726 654 764 1997 14,662 416 832 15,909 485 3,392 1,554 691 7,743 689 708 661 836 1998 14,889 403 853 16,144 498 3,424 1,526 674 7,892 712 762 656 886 1999 14,804 372 927 16,103 505 3,399 1,565 684 7,934 713 698 656 835 2000 15,067 380 849 16,295 525 3,580 1,606 705 7,951 727 696 659 793 2001 15,128 429 825 16,382 485 3,695 1,530 667 8,022 767 721 670 729 2002 14,947 429 941 16,316 492 3,592 1,514 671 8,183 781 601 667 771 2003 15,304 419 791 16,513 496 3,707 1,488 658 8,194 798 660 702 784 2004 15,475 422 866 16,762 508 3,814 1,547 645 8,265 836 655 704 838 2005 15,220 441 1,149 16,811 512 3,954 1,546 573 8,318 835 628 684 752 2006 15,242 501 1,238 16,981 506 4,040 1,481 627 8,364 848 635 709 764 2007 15,156 505 1,337 16,999 456 4,133 1,448 655 8,358 823 673 697 752 2008 14,648 485 2,019 17,153 410 4,294 1,493 630 8,548 818 620 670 664 2009 14,336 485 2,082 16,904 359 4,048 1,396 623 8,786 799 598 664 608 2010 R14,724 R442 R2,219 R17,385 378 R4,223 1,418 R659 R9,059 812 R585 R672 647 2011P 14,833 489 2,237 17,559 364 4,487 1,449 620 9,035 842 538 678 631 

1 See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs" in Glossary. 2 See "Refinery and Blender Net Production" in Glossary. 3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981, also includes aviation

and motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in 1993, also includes oxygenates (net).

5 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products." 6 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

7 Kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964,

also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes av

naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roundinWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleu

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Pe

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2010—EIA, Petrolereports. • 2011—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2012).
Figure 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2011

Number of Operable Refineries UtilizationCapacity136 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Operable refineries capacity on January 1. Source: Table 5.9.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

100200300400

Total Units

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

100

Percent

1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

Capacity1

Unused Capacity

Gross Input to Distillation Units
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2011

Year

Operable

Refineries 1

Operable Refineries Capacity

Gross Input

to Distillation Units 3 

On January 1 Annual Average 2 

Number Thousand Barrels per Calendar Day Thousand Barrels per Day 

1949 336 6,231 NA 5,556 1950 320 6,223 NA 5,980 1955 296 8,386 NA 7,820 1960 309 9,843 NA 8,439 1965 293 10,420 NA 9,557 1970 276 12,021 NA 11,517 1975 279 14,961 NA 12,902 1976 276 15,237 NA 13,884 1977 282 16,398 NA 14,982 1978 296 17,048 NA 15,071 1979 308 17,441 NA 14,955 1980 319 17,988 NA 13,796 1981 324 18,621 18,603 12,752 1982 301 17,890 17,432 12,172 1983 258 16,859 16,668 11,947 1984 247 16,137 16,035 12,216 1985 223 15,659 15,671 12,165 1986 216 15,459 15,459 12,826 1987 219 15,566 15,642 13,003 1988 213 15,915 15,927 13,447 1989 204 15,655 15,701 13,551 1990 205 15,572 15,623 13,610 1991 202 15,676 15,707 13,508 1992 199 15,696 15,460 13,600 1993 187 15,121 15,143 13,851 1994 179 15,034 15,150 14,032 1995 175 15,434 15,346 14,119 1996 170 15,333 15,239 14,337 1997 164 15,452 15,594 14,838 1998 163 15,711 15,802 15,113 1999 159 16,261 16,282 15,080 2000 158 16,512 16,525 15,299 2001 155 16,595 16,582 15,352 2002 153 16,785 16,744 15,180 2003 149 16,757 16,748 15,508 2004 149 16,894 16,974 15,783 2005 148 17,125 17,196 15,578 2006 149 17,339 17,385 15,602 2007 149 17,443 17,450 15,450 2008 150 17,594 17,607 15,027 2009 150 17,672 17,678 14,659 2010 148 17,584 R17,575 R15,177 2011P 148 17,736 17,726 15,283 

1 Through 1956, includes only those refineries in operation on January 1; beginning in 1957, includes all

"operable" refineries on January 1. See "Operable Refineries" in Glossary. 2 Average of monthly capacity data. 3 See Note 3, "Gross Input to Distillation Units," at end of section. 4 Through 1980, utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by one-half of the sumof the current year’s January 1 capacity and the following year’s January 1 capacity. Beginning in 1981,utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by the annual average capacity.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/

Sources: • 1949-1977—Bureau of Mines, Information Circ

Cracking Plants in the United States"; Minerals Yearbook, "Crude "Natural Gas Liquids" chapters; and Mineral Industry Surveys, reports. • 1978-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration Refineries in the United States, annual reports. • 1981-2005—annual reports; and Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report." • and Refinery Capacity Report, annual reports. • 2011—EIA, Refin1; and Petroleum Supply Monthly (January-December 2011 issues)
Figure 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Total, 1949-2011 By Product, 2011By Selected Product, 1949-2011138 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Source: Table 5.10.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Thousand Barrels per Day

909

618

295

Ethane Propane Pentanes 

0

200400600800

1,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

Plus 

Isobut

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

300600900

1,200

Thousand Barrels per Day 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Finished

Petroleum

Products 1

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Pent

Plu

Ethane 

2 Isobutane

Normal

Butane 3 Propane 2,3 Total

1949 53 8 11 61 74 155 21950 66 12 13 69 101 195 21955 68 34 30 120 205 390 31960 47 51 45 161 291 549 31965 41 92 67 185 390 734 41970 25 201 84 248 561 1,095 51975 7 337 90 237 552 1,217 41976 6 365 82 227 521 1,195 41977 5 397 81 223 513 1,214 31978 3 406 75 210 491 1,182 31979 26 400 104 212 500 1,216 31980 23 396 105 210 494 1,205 31981 18 397 117 224 519 1,256 31982 11 426 109 204 519 1,258 21983 12 456 100 217 541 1,314 21984 4 505 99 203 527 1,334 21985 14 493 127 171 521 1,313 21986 4 485 128 157 508 1,277 21987 4 499 141 157 503 1,300 21988 4 501 144 167 506 1,319 31989 NA 466 149 151 471 1,237 31990 NA 477 151 149 474 1,250 31991 NA 530 169 150 487 1,336 31992 NA 541 189 137 499 1,365 31993 NA 556 192 142 513 1,402 31994 NA 559 195 136 510 1,400 31995 NA 573 185 151 519 1,428 31996 NA 627 192 150 525 1,494 31997 NA 637 191 144 528 1,499 31998 NA 607 181 148 513 1,450 31999 NA 675 187 155 529 1,547 32000 NA 717 188 160 539 1,605 32001 NA 692 198 133 538 1,562 32002 NA 700 201 131 549 1,581 32003 NA 625 183 129 506 1,444 22004 NA 686 168 152 526 1,532 22005 NA 649 168 134 499 1,451 22006 NA 676 163 136 501 1,476 22007 NA 709 176 128 507 1,520 22008 NA 701 173 134 512 1,520 22009 NA 769 188 136 546 1,639 22010 NA R869 R187 R155 R586 R1,797 R22011P NA 909 208 152 618 1,888 2

1 Motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, special naphthas, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products. 2 Reported production of ethane-propane mixtures has been allocated 70 percent ethane and 30

percent propane.

3 Reported production of butane-propane mixtures has been allocated 60 percent butane and 40

percent propane.

4 Through 1983, "Pentanes Plus" was reported separately as natural gasoline, isopentane, and plant

condensate.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annu

1949. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum

Sources: • 1949-1968—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearb

Products" chapter. • 1969-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral IAnnual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy InformaReports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981annual reports. • 2011—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (Februar
Figure 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

By Selected Product, 1949-2011By Product, 2011 Motor Gasoline’s Share of Total Petroleum Pro

1949-2011

140 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes

plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneousproducts, and crude oil burned as fuel.

Source: 5.11.

8.7

3.8

2.2

1.4

0.5 0.4

1.8

Motor Distillate LPG1 Jet Residual Petroleum Other2

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Gasoline 1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1020304050

Percent

Fuel Oil Fuel Fuel Oil Coke
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil 1 Jet Fuel 2 Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 4

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 5 T

Propane 3 Total 

1949 157 93 902 2 ( ) 281 NA 187 91 2,410 40 1,359 243 51950 180 108 1,082 2 ( ) 323 NA 234 106 2,616 41 1,517 250 61955 254 192 1,592 154 320 NA 404 116 3,463 67 1,526 366 81960 302 161 1,872 371 271 NA 621 117 3,969 149 1,529 435 91965 368 120 2,126 602 267 NA 841 129 4,593 202 1,608 657 11970 447 55 2,540 967 263 776 1,224 136 5,785 212 2,204 866 141975 419 39 2,851 1,001 159 783 1,333 137 6,675 247 2,462 1,001 161976 411 37 3,133 987 169 830 1,404 152 6,978 243 2,801 1,145 171977 436 38 3,352 1,039 175 821 1,422 160 7,177 268 3,071 1,294 181978 479 39 3,432 1,057 175 778 1,413 172 7,412 256 3,023 1,391 181979 476 38 3,311 1,076 188 849 1,592 180 7,034 246 2,826 1,546 181980 396 35 2,866 1,068 158 754 1,469 159 6,579 237 2,508 1,581 171981 342 31 2,829 1,007 127 773 1,466 153 6,588 252 2,088 1,176 161982 342 25 2,671 1,013 129 798 1,499 140 6,539 248 1,716 973 151983 373 26 2,690 1,046 127 751 1,509 146 6,622 229 1,421 1,042 151984 408 24 2,845 1,175 115 833 1,572 156 6,693 247 1,369 1,120 151985 425 27 2,868 1,218 114 883 1,599 145 6,831 264 1,202 1,032 151986 448 32 2,914 1,307 98 831 1,512 142 7,034 268 1,418 1,105 161987 467 25 2,976 1,385 95 924 1,612 161 7,206 299 1,264 1,176 161988 468 27 3,122 1,449 96 923 1,656 155 7,336 312 1,378 1,286 171989 453 26 3,157 1,489 84 990 1,668 159 7,328 307 1,370 1,284 171990 483 24 3,021 1,522 43 917 1,556 164 7,235 339 1,229 1,373 161991 444 23 2,921 1,471 46 982 1,689 146 7,188 328 1,158 1,299 161992 454 22 2,979 1,454 41 1,032 1,755 149 7,268 382 1,094 1,434 171993 474 21 3,041 1,469 50 1,006 1,734 152 7,476 366 1,080 1,373 171994 484 21 3,162 1,527 49 1,082 1,880 159 7,601 361 1,021 1,454 171995 486 21 3,207 1,514 54 1,096 1,899 156 7,789 365 852 1,381 171996 484 20 3,365 1,578 62 1,136 2,012 151 7,891 379 848 1,518 181997 505 22 3,435 1,599 66 1,170 2,038 160 8,017 377 797 1,605 181998 521 19 3,461 1,622 78 1,120 1,952 168 8,253 447 887 1,508 181999 547 21 3,572 1,673 73 1,246 2,195 169 8,431 477 830 1,532 192000 525 20 3,722 1,725 67 1,235 2,231 166 8,472 406 909 1,458 192001 519 19 3,847 1,655 72 1,142 2,044 153 8,610 437 811 1,481 192002 512 18 3,776 1,614 43 1,248 2,163 151 8,848 463 700 1,474 192003 503 16 3,927 1,578 55 1,215 2,074 140 8,935 455 772 1,579 202004 537 17 4,058 1,630 64 1,276 2,132 141 9,105 524 865 1,657 202005 546 19 4,118 1,679 70 1,229 2,030 141 9,159 515 920 1,605 202006 521 18 4,169 1,633 54 1,215 2,052 137 9,253 522 689 1,640 202007 494 17 4,196 1,622 32 1,235 2,085 142 9,286 490 723 1,593 202008 417 15 3,945 1,539 14 1,154 1,954 131 8,989 464 622 1,408 192009 360 14 3,631 1,393 18 1,160 2,051 118 8,997 427 511 1,251 182010 362 15 R3,800 R1,432 20 R1,160 R2,173 R131 R8,993 376 R535 R1,343 R192011P 355 15 3,849 1,425 12 1,138 2,171 124 8,736 367 480 1,300 18

1 Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil. 2 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other." 

3 Includes propylene. 4 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 5 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

6 Percent change from previous year calculated from data in thousand barrels per year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. (s)=

greater than -0.05 percent. 

Notes: • For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of p

Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end "Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics," amay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleu

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Pe

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2010—EIA, Petrolereports. • 2011—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2012).
Figure 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied

Petroleum Products Supplied as Share Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline Product Sof Total Energy Consumption, 1949-2011 1949-2011By Product, 2011 By Selected Product, 1949-2011142 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

204060

Percent

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Fuel Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

16.6

8.2

2.9 2.8

1.1 0.9

3.8

Motor Distillate Jet LPG1 Residual Asphalt Other2

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

Gasoline Fuel

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2Aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical

feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneousproducts, and crude burned as fuel.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 5.12.

Fuel Oil and

Road Oil
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil 1 Jet Fuel 2 Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 4

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 5 

Propane 

3 Total

1949 380 172 1,918 2 ( ) 582 NA 274 201 4,621 87 3,118 530 1950 435 199 2,300 2 ( ) 668 NA 343 236 5,015 90 3,482 546 1955 615 354 3,385 301 662 NA 592 258 6,640 147 3,502 798 1960 734 298 3,992 739 563 NA 912 259 7,631 328 3,517 947 1965 890 222 4,519 1,215 553 NA 1,232 286 8,806 444 3,691 1,390 1970 1,082 100 5,401 1,973 544 1,086 1,689 301 11,091 465 5,057 1,817 1975 1,014 71 6,061 2,047 329 1,097 1,807 304 12,798 542 5,649 2,109 1976 998 67 6,679 2,026 351 1,166 1,907 338 13,415 537 6,445 2,413 1977 1,056 70 7,126 2,126 363 1,150 1,908 354 13,760 589 7,047 2,724 1978 1,160 71 7,296 2,164 363 1,089 1,892 380 14,211 562 6,936 2,928 1979 1,153 70 7,039 2,204 389 1,189 2,138 397 13,487 541 6,485 3,217 1980 962 64 6,110 2,190 329 1,059 1,976 354 12,648 522 5,772 3,278 1981 828 56 6,014 2,062 263 1,082 1,949 339 12,631 553 4,791 2,446 1982 829 47 5,679 2,072 266 1,117 1,978 309 12,538 545 3,939 2,030 1983 904 48 5,720 2,141 263 1,051 1,990 324 12,697 503 3,260 2,202 1984 992 44 6,065 2,414 239 1,170 2,071 346 12,867 545 3,151 2,319 1985 1,029 50 6,098 2,497 236 1,236 2,103 322 13,098 582 2,759 2,152 1986 1,086 59 6,196 2,682 203 1,163 2,010 315 13,487 590 3,255 2,315 1987 1,130 46 6,328 2,843 196 1,294 2,152 356 13,816 657 2,901 2,439 1988 1,136 49 6,655 2,982 200 1,296 2,213 343 14,105 687 3,170 2,682 1989 1,096 48 6,712 3,059 174 1,387 2,243 352 14,050 676 3,144 2,656 1990 1,170 45 6,422 3,129 88 1,284 2,059 362 13,872 745 2,820 2,839 1991 1,077 42 6,210 3,025 96 1,374 2,228 324 13,781 722 2,657 2,685 1992 1,102 41 6,351 3,001 86 1,449 2,328 330 13,973 843 2,518 2,951 1993 1,149 38 6,466 3,028 103 1,409 2,282 337 14,335 804 2,479 2,822 1994 1,173 38 6,723 3,154 101 1,515 2,494 352 14,511 793 2,342 2,988 1995 1,178 40 6,818 3,132 112 1,534 2,512 346 14,825 802 1,955 2,837 1996 1,176 37 7,175 3,274 128 1,594 2,660 335 15,064 837 1,952 3,121 1997 1,224 40 7,304 3,308 136 1,638 2,690 354 15,254 829 1,828 3,298 1998 1,263 35 7,359 3,357 162 1,568 2,575 371 15,701 982 2,036 3,093 1999 1,324 39 7,595 3,462 151 1,745 2,897 375 16,036 1,048 1,905 3,129 2000 1,276 36 7,935 3,580 140 1,734 2,945 369 16,155 895 2,091 2,979 2001 1,257 35 8,179 3,426 150 1,598 2,697 338 16,373 961 1,861 3,056 2002 1,240 34 8,028 3,340 90 1,747 2,852 334 16,819 1,018 1,605 3,040 2003 1,220 30 8,349 3,265 113 1,701 2,748 309 16,981 1,000 1,772 3,264 2004 1,304 31 8,652 3,383 133 1,791 2,824 313 17,379 1,156 1,990 3,428 2005 1,323 35 8,755 3,475 144 1,721 2,682 312 17,444 1,133 2,111 3,318 2006 1,261 33 8,864 3,379 111 1,701 2,700 303 17,622 1,148 1,581 3,416 2007 1,197 32 8,921 3,358 67 1,729 2,733 313 17,689 1,077 1,659 3,313 2008 1,012 28 8,411 3,193 30 1,620 2,574 291 17,168 1,022 1,432 2,941 2009 873 27 7,720 2,883 36 1,624 2,664 262 17,135 938 1,173 2,611 2010 R878 27 R8,080 R2,963 41 R1,624 R2,821 R291 R17,127 826 R1,228 R2,800 2011P 860 27 8,184 2,950 25 1,594 2,796 275 16,639 807 1,102 2,712 

1 Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil. 2 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other." 

3 Includes propylene. 4 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 5 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes

crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. 

greater than -0.05 percent. 

Notes: • For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation 

Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at "Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statisticmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petr

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: Tables 5.11, A1, and A3.
Figure 5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2011By Sector, 2011 Sector Shares, 1949 and 2011144 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: See related Figure 5.13b.Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

Residential and 

0.7 0.4

4.5

13.2

0.1

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

4 2

24

10

6

28

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

Percent

1949 2011

Power2 
Figure 5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2011

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected ProductsTransportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: See related Figure 5.13a. Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual FuelOil

LPG2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0.00.51.01.5

Million Barrels per Day

Kerosene

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Asphalt and Road Oi

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0369

12

Million Barrels per Day

Motor Gasoline

Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day 
146 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Year

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residual 

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Oth

1949 329 140 84 553 4 ( ) 104 104 19 22 48 NA 4 ( ) 11950 390 168 104 662 4 ( ) 123 123 23 28 52 NA 4 ( ) 11955 562 179 144 885 4 ( ) 177 177 24 38 69 NA 4 ( ) 21960 736 171 217 1,123 4 ( ) 232 232 23 58 35 NA 4 ( ) 21965 805 161 275 1,242 4 ( ) 251 251 26 74 40 NA 4 ( ) 21970 883 144 392 1,419 4 ( ) 276 276 30 102 45 NA 4 ( ) 31975 850 78 365 1,293 4 ( ) 276 276 24 92 46 NA 4 ( ) 21976 932 89 379 1,400 4 ( ) 308 308 21 97 50 NA 4 ( ) 21977 938 81 371 1,390 4 ( ) 318 318 25 96 52 NA 4 ( ) 21978 917 74 360 1,351 4 ( ) 313 313 26 94 56 NA 4 ( ) 21979 765 64 243 1,072 4 ( ) 274 274 38 68 54 NA 4 ( ) 21980 617 51 222 890 4 ( ) 243 243 20 63 56 NA 4 ( ) 21981 540 41 213 794 4 ( ) 215 215 34 62 48 NA 4 ( ) 11982 494 46 206 746 4 ( ) 207 207 15 58 46 NA 4 ( ) 11983 435 41 245 721 4 ( ) 306 306 54 69 53 NA 4 ( ) 1984 512 77 199 788 4 ( ) 345 345 17 59 56 NA 4 ( ) 11985 514 77 224 815 4 ( ) 297 297 16 68 50 NA 4 ( ) 1986 523 59 220 801 4 ( ) 293 293 24 66 55 NA 4 ( ) 11987 544 57 244 845 4 ( ) 286 286 24 72 58 NA 4 ( ) 11988 558 69 243 870 4 ( ) 281 281 13 71 57 NA 4 ( ) 11989 546 57 273 876 3 267 270 13 78 53 0 2 1990 460 31 252 742 3 249 252 6 73 58 0 3 1991 438 35 270 743 2 241 243 6 77 44 0 2 1992 460 31 263 754 1 236 238 5 76 41 (s) 2 1993 458 37 278 773 2 230 232 7 78 15 (s) 2 1994 451 31 274 757 3 233 236 9 77 13 (s) 2 1995 426 36 282 743 2 223 225 11 78 10 (s) 1 1996 434 43 334 811 2 225 227 10 87 14 (s) 1 1997 411 45 325 781 3 206 209 12 86 22 (s) 1 1998 363 52 303 718 2 199 202 15 84 20 (s) 3 1999 389 54 376 819 2 204 206 13 100 15 (s) 2 2000 424 46 395 865 2 228 230 14 107 23 (s) 2 2001 427 46 375 849 3 236 239 15 102 20 (s) 2 2002 404 29 384 817 2 207 209 8 101 24 (s) 1 2003 425 34 389 848 2 225 226 9 112 32 (s) 2 2004 433 41 364 839 3 218 221 10 108 23 (s) 2 2005 402 40 366 809 2 208 210 10 94 24 (s) 2 2006 335 32 318 685 1 188 189 7 88 26 (s) 1 2007 342 21 345 708 1 180 181 4 87 32 (s) 1 2008 314 10 394 718 1 173 174 2 113 24 (s) 1 2009 283 13 391 687 1 194 194 2 99 28 (s) 1 2010 R274 R14 R379 R667 1 R192 R193 2 R100 R29 (s) (s) R2011P 278 9 378 665 (s) 196 196 1 100 28 (s) (s) 

1 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table

5.11. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1,

"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of 

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#p

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petrole1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html for related informatio

Sources: CHP and Petroleum Coke: Table 8.7c. All Other Data

Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual repoAdministration (EIA) estimates. • 1960-1972—EIA, "State Energy Data U.S. Tables CT4 and CT5. • 1973 forward—EIA, Monthly Energy Revie
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum Coke Residual Fuel Oil

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 Total

1949 157 5 ( ) 265 265 123 80 36 121 5 ( ) 40 40 5 ( ) 534 534 1950 180 5 ( ) 328 328 132 100 43 131 5 ( ) 41 41 5 ( ) 617 617 1955 254 5 ( ) 466 466 116 212 47 173 5 ( ) 67 67 5 ( ) 686 686 1960 302 5 ( ) 476 476 78 333 48 198 5 ( ) 149 149 5 ( ) 689 689 1965 368 5 ( ) 541 541 80 470 62 179 5 ( ) 202 202 5 ( ) 689 689 1970 447 5 ( ) 577 577 89 699 70 150 5 ( ) 203 203 5 ( ) 708 708 1975 419 5 ( ) 630 630 58 844 68 116 5 ( ) 246 246 5 ( ) 658 658 1976 411 5 ( ) 717 717 59 895 75 110 5 ( ) 242 242 5 ( ) 792 792 1977 436 5 ( ) 809 809 69 918 82 102 5 ( ) 266 266 5 ( ) 844 844 1978 479 5 ( ) 823 823 75 921 88 93 5 ( ) 250 250 5 ( ) 748 748 1979 476 5 ( ) 830 830 86 1,266 92 84 5 ( ) 243 243 5 ( ) 721 721 1980 396 5 ( ) 621 621 87 1,172 82 82 5 ( ) 234 234 5 ( ) 586 586 1981 342 5 ( ) 653 653 52 1,166 79 83 5 ( ) 250 250 5 ( ) 471 471 1982 342 5 ( ) 617 617 68 1,211 72 72 5 ( ) 246 246 5 ( ) 456 456 1983 373 5 ( ) 537 537 32 1,166 75 59 5 ( ) 225 225 5 ( ) 345 345 1984 408 5 ( ) 564 564 21 1,283 80 83 5 ( ) 244 244 5 ( ) 386 386 1985 425 5 ( ) 526 526 21 1,285 75 114 5 ( ) 261 261 5 ( ) 326 326 1986 448 5 ( ) 546 546 16 1,207 73 108 5 ( ) 264 264 5 ( ) 321 321 1987 467 5 ( ) 537 537 14 1,279 83 107 5 ( ) 294 294 5 ( ) 253 253 1988 468 5 ( ) 530 530 14 1,326 80 100 5 ( ) 306 306 5 ( ) 237 237 1989 453 5 531 536 14 1,300 82 104 5 295 300 57 121 178 1990 483 7 534 541 6 1,215 84 97 25 300 325 63 116 179 1991 444 12 495 507 5 1,326 75 101 22 293 315 55 91 146 1992 454 10 509 519 5 1,402 77 101 26 336 362 59 109 168 1993 474 10 515 525 6 1,363 78 94 22 308 330 65 129 194 1994 484 10 513 522 8 1,505 82 101 25 304 329 69 113 183 1995 486 6 526 532 7 1,527 80 105 26 302 328 60 87 147 1996 484 8 549 557 9 1,580 78 105 27 317 343 66 80 146 1997 505 8 558 566 9 1,617 82 111 37 294 331 56 71 127 1998 521 16 554 570 11 1,553 86 105 29 362 390 60 40 100 1999 547 16 542 558 6 1,709 87 80 31 395 426 52 38 90 2000 525 10 553 563 8 1,720 86 79 19 342 361 48 57 105 2001 519 9 602 611 11 1,557 79 155 15 375 390 46 42 89 2002 512 6 561 566 7 1,668 78 163 21 362 383 37 46 83 2003 503 10 525 534 12 1,561 72 171 17 358 375 38 58 96 2004 537 9 561 570 14 1,646 73 195 18 405 423 46 62 108 2005 546 11 583 594 19 1,549 72 187 14 390 404 46 77 123 2006 521 5 589 594 14 1,627 71 198 21 404 425 33 71 104 2007 494 4 591 595 6 1,637 73 161 22 390 412 30 54 84 2008 417 3 596 599 2 1,419 67 131 16 377 394 14 73 86 2009 360 7 514 521 2 1,541 61 128 17 347 363 13 33 46 2010 362 R3 R556 R559 R4 R1,673 R68 R148 R17 R293 310 R6 R46 52 2011P 355 2 566 568 2 1,672 64 143 17 289 307 5 44 49 

1 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 

See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

5 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum pro

5.11. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of sectiosum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleu

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html for related information.

Sources: CHP: Table 8.7c. All Other Data: • 1949-1959—Bureau of Mine

Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and U.S. Energy Information Ad• 1960-1972—EIA, "State Energy Data 2010: Consumption" (June 2012), forward—EIA, Monthly Energy Review (April 2012), Table 3.7b.
148 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 5.13c Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Transportation Sector

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil 1

Jet Fuel

Liquefied

Petroleum Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Residua

Kerosene Type Total Fuel O

2

1949 93 190 0 2 ( ) 1 54 2,241 504 1950 108 226 0 2 ( ) 2 64 2,433 524 1955 192 372 0 154 9 70 3,221 440 1960 161 418 91 371 13 68 3,736 367 1965 120 514 334 602 23 67 4,374 336 1970 55 738 718 967 32 66 5,589 332 1975 39 998 782 992 31 70 6,512 310 1976 37 1,073 777 976 33 77 6,817 358 1977 38 1,171 814 1,022 36 78 7,022 396 1978 39 1,260 845 1,044 38 83 7,264 431 1979 38 1,366 867 1,067 16 87 6,896 535 1980 35 1,311 845 1,062 13 77 6,441 608 1981 31 1,365 808 1,006 24 74 6,456 531 1982 25 1,312 803 1,011 24 68 6,421 444 1983 26 1,367 839 1,046 29 71 6,510 358 1984 24 1,383 953 1,175 30 76 6,554 351 1985 27 1,491 1,005 1,218 21 71 6,667 342 1986 32 1,514 1,105 1,307 19 69 6,871 379 1987 25 1,568 1,181 1,385 15 78 7,041 392 1988 27 1,701 1,236 1,449 17 75 7,179 399 1989 26 1,734 1,284 1,489 16 77 7,171 423 1990 24 1,722 1,340 1,522 16 80 7,080 443 1991 23 1,694 1,296 1,471 15 71 7,042 447 1992 22 1,728 1,310 1,454 14 72 7,125 465 1993 21 1,785 1,357 1,469 14 74 7,367 393 1994 21 1,896 1,480 1,527 24 77 7,487 385 1995 21 1,973 1,497 1,514 13 76 7,674 397 1996 20 2,096 1,575 1,578 11 73 7,772 370 1997 22 2,198 1,598 1,599 10 78 7,883 310 1998 19 2,263 1,623 1,622 13 81 8,128 294 1999 21 2,352 1,675 1,673 10 82 8,336 290 2000 20 2,422 1,725 1,725 8 81 8,370 386 2001 19 2,489 1,656 1,655 10 74 8,435 255 2002 18 2,536 1,621 1,614 10 73 8,662 295 2003 16 2,665 1,578 1,578 12 68 8,733 249 2004 17 2,783 1,630 1,630 14 69 8,887 321 2005 19 2,858 1,679 1,679 20 68 8,948 365 2006 18 3,017 1,633 1,633 20 67 9,029 395 2007 17 3,037 1,622 1,622 16 69 9,093 433 2008 15 2,824 1,539 1,539 29 64 8,834 400 2009 14 2,600 1,393 1,393 20 57 8,840 353 2010 15 R2,737 R1,432 R1,432 21 R64 R8,816 R382 2011P 15 2,779 1,425 1,425 21 60 8,565 359 

1 Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil. 2 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in

1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,includes kerosene-type jet fuel only. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table

5.11. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1,

"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of se

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petr

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1959—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys

annual reports, and U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimaEnergy Data 2010: Consumption" (June 2012), U.S. Table CT7. • 1973 Review (April 2012), Table 3.7c.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.13d Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Electric Power Sector 1

Electricity Only Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 3 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 3 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

R

Fu

1949 13 NA 169 182 NA NA NA NA 13 NA 1950 15 NA 192 207 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 1955 15 NA 191 206 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 1960 10 NA 231 241 NA NA NA NA 10 NA 1965 14 NA 302 316 NA NA NA NA 14 NA 1970 66 9 853 928 NA NA NA NA 66 9 1975 107 1 1,280 1,388 NA NA NA NA 107 1 1976 114 1 1,405 1,520 NA NA NA NA 114 1 1977 134 1 1,575 1,710 NA NA NA NA 134 1 1978 130 5 1,612 1,747 NA NA NA NA 130 5 1979 84 4 1,350 1,437 NA NA NA NA 84 4 1980 79 2 1,069 1,151 NA NA NA NA 79 2 1981 58 2 904 964 NA NA NA NA 58 2 1982 42 2 642 686 NA NA NA NA 42 2 1983 45 4 627 676 NA NA NA NA 45 4 1984 42 3 517 562 NA NA NA NA 42 3 1985 40 3 435 478 NA NA NA NA 40 3 1986 39 4 592 636 NA NA NA NA 39 4 1987 42 5 504 551 NA NA NA NA 42 5 1988 51 6 627 683 NA NA NA NA 51 6 19894 70 7 663 740 2 0 6 8 72 7 1990 41 14 497 551 4 0 10 15 45 14 1991 38 13 469 520 1 0 4 5 39 13 1992 33 18 371 422 2 2 8 12 34 20 1993 37 21 409 467 4 15 9 27 41 36 1994 46 16 369 431 11 15 10 36 56 32 1995 44 15 237 296 7 22 9 38 51 37 1996 47 14 263 325 4 22 10 36 51 36 1997 48 23 301 373 4 23 10 37 52 46 1998 61 30 448 539 3 26 8 37 64 56 1999 63 26 409 497 3 25 9 38 66 51 2000 77 20 370 466 6 25 8 39 82 45 2001 76 25 430 531 4 22 7 33 80 47 2002 59 54 281 394 1 26 6 33 60 80 2003 71 66 373 510 5 14 6 24 76 79 2004 49 83 376 509 3 17 6 26 52 101 2005 51 94 376 521 3 17 6 26 54 111 2006 34 82 151 267 1 15 6 22 35 97 2007 40 65 167 272 2 13 6 21 42 78 2008 33 58 99 189 2 12 6 19 34 70 2009 32 50 73 154 1 13 6 21 33 63 2010 R37 R61 62 R159 1 R4 6 R11 R38 65 2011P 28 56 35 119 1 5 6 11 29 60 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Electric utility CHP plants areincluded in "Electricity Only." 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949–1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949–1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980–2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum pr

5.11. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum ConsumptioTables 8.5a–8.5d for the amount of petroleum used to produce electricity aamount of petroleum used to produce useful thermal output. • Totals may due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petrole

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum fo1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related information.

Sources: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b.
Figure 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected Products

Transportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3

150 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual

Fuel Oil LPG2

Kerosene

Asphalt and Roa

Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Quadrillion Btu

Motor Gasoline

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

Jet Fuel

Distillate Fuel Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu 1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.

2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whos

tricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Sources: Tables 5.14a–5.14c.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sec

 Selected Years, 1949-2011 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 1

Petroleum

Coke

1949 700 289 117 1,106 221 39 31 92 NA 1950 829 347 146 1,322 262 47 39 100 NA 1955 1,194 371 202 1,767 377 51 54 133 NA 1960 1,568 354 305 2,227 494 48 81 67 NA 1965 1,713 334 385 2,432 534 54 103 77 NA 1970 1,878 298 549 2,725 587 61 143 86 NA 1975 1,807 161 512 2,479 587 49 129 89 NA 1976 1,987 184 532 2,703 656 44 136 97 NA 1977 1,994 167 520 2,681 676 52 135 101 NA 1978 1,951 153 504 2,607 666 55 131 107 NA 1979 1,626 133 340 2,099 584 78 95 104 NA 1980 1,316 107 311 1,734 518 41 88 107 NA 1981 1,147 85 299 1,531 457 69 87 92 NA 1982 1,050 95 289 1,434 440 30 81 88 NA 1983 924 85 344 1,353 651 111 96 102 NA 1984 1,091 160 280 1,531 735 36 83 107 NA 1985 1,092 159 314 1,565 631 33 95 96 NA 1986 1,111 121 308 1,541 623 50 93 106 NA 1987 1,156 119 342 1,617 607 49 102 111 NA 1988 1,190 144 341 1,675 600 26 99 110 NA 1989 1,160 117 383 1,660 574 28 109 102 0 1990 978 64 352 1,394 536 12 102 111 0 1991 930 72 378 1,381 517 12 108 85 0 1992 980 65 369 1,414 507 11 107 80 (s) 1993 974 76 390 1,439 493 14 109 30 (s) 1994 960 65 384 1,408 501 19 107 25 (s) 1995 905 74 395 1,374 479 22 109 18 (s) 1996 926 89 469 1,484 483 21 122 27 (s) 1997 874 93 455 1,422 444 25 120 43 (s) 1998 772 108 424 1,304 429 31 118 39 (s) 1999 828 111 526 1,465 438 27 140 28 (s) 2000 905 95 555 1,554 491 30 150 45 (s) 2001 908 95 526 1,529 508 31 143 37 (s) 2002 860 60 537 1,457 444 16 141 45 (s) 2003 905 70 544 1,519 481 19 157 60 (s) 2004 924 85 512 1,520 470 20 152 45 (s) 2005 854 84 513 1,451 447 22 131 46 (s) 2006 712 66 446 1,224 401 15 123 49 (s) 2007 726 44 484 1,254 384 9 121 61 (s) 2008 669 21 553 1,243 372 4 158 46 (s) 2009 602 28 547 1,176 413 4 139 53 (s) 2010 R583 R29 R530 R1,142 R410 5 R140 R55 (s) 2011P 592 18 530 1,139 417 3 140 54 (s) 

1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data

for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. For petroleum, product supplied is used asan approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum

Consumption," at end of Section. • Totals may not equal s

rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/mon

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html for related info

Sources: Tables 5.13a, A1, and A3.
152 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 1 Petroleum Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

1949 380 564 254 123 80 231 87 1,225 1950 435 698 274 156 94 251 90 1,416 1955 615 991 241 323 103 332 147 1,573 1960 734 1,016 161 507 107 381 328 1,584 1965 890 1,150 165 712 137 342 444 1,582 1970 1,082 1,226 185 953 155 288 446 1,624 1975 1,014 1,339 119 1,123 149 223 540 1,509 1976 998 1,530 123 1,192 166 211 535 1,822 1977 1,056 1,719 143 1,203 182 196 586 1,937 1978 1,160 1,750 156 1,203 195 178 550 1,716 1979 1,153 1,764 177 1,681 204 162 533 1,655 1980 962 1,324 181 1,559 182 158 516 1,349 1981 828 1,389 108 1,530 175 160 549 1,081 1982 829 1,313 141 1,575 159 138 541 1,047 1983 904 1,142 66 1,510 167 112 495 791 1984 992 1,203 43 1,666 178 160 538 889 1985 1,029 1,119 44 1,664 166 218 575 748 1986 1,086 1,160 32 1,582 162 206 581 736 1987 1,130 1,141 28 1,687 183 206 646 582 1988 1,136 1,130 30 1,749 177 193 675 546 1989 1,096 1,139 30 1,728 181 199 660 410 1990 1,170 1,150 12 1,582 186 185 714 411 1991 1,077 1,078 11 1,720 167 193 693 334 1992 1,102 1,107 10 1,833 170 194 798 387 1993 1,149 1,117 13 1,763 173 180 725 446 1994 1,173 1,111 17 1,969 181 192 723 419 1995 1,178 1,131 15 1,990 178 200 721 337 1996 1,176 1,187 18 2,054 173 200 757 335 1997 1,224 1,203 19 2,100 182 212 727 291 1998 1,263 1,211 22 2,016 191 199 858 230 1999 1,324 1,187 13 2,217 193 152 936 207 2000 1,276 1,200 16 2,228 190 150 796 241 2001 1,257 1,300 23 2,014 174 295 858 203 2002 1,240 1,204 14 2,160 172 309 842 190 2003 1,220 1,136 24 2,030 159 324 825 220 2004 1,304 1,214 28 2,141 161 372 934 249 2005 1,323 1,264 39 2,009 160 356 889 281 2006 1,261 1,263 30 2,104 156 376 934 239 2007 1,197 1,265 13 2,106 161 306 906 193 2008 1,012 1,277 4 1,823 150 250 868 199 2009 873 1,107 4 1,950 135 244 799 106 2010 R878 R1,188 R7 R2,121 149 R281 682 R120 2011P 860 1,207 4 2,097 141 273 674 113 

1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 2 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned asfuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data

for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. For petroleum, product supplied is used as

an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petrole

Consumption," at end of Section. • Totals may not equal sum rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petr1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html for related informa

Sources: Tables 5.12, 5.13b, A1, and A3.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation and Electric Power Sec

 Selected Years, 1949-2011 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Transportation Sector Electric Powe

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Jet Fuel Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 4

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 5

Petroleum

Coke

Kerosene Type Total 

3

1949 172 405 0 0 2 120 4,298 1,156 6,152 28 NA 1950 199 480 0 0 3 141 4,664 1,201 6,690 32 NA 1955 354 791 0 301 13 155 6,175 1,009 8,799 32 NA 1960 298 892 188 739 19 152 7,183 844 10,125 22 NA 1965 222 1,093 691 1,215 32 149 8,386 770 11,866 29 NA 1970 100 1,569 1,486 1,973 44 147 10,716 761 15,310 141 19 1975 71 2,121 1,619 2,029 43 155 12,485 711 17,615 226 2 1976 67 2,288 1,613 2,002 47 172 13,107 824 18,508 243 2 1977 70 2,489 1,684 2,090 50 172 13,464 908 19,243 283 3 1978 71 2,679 1,750 2,138 54 184 13,927 990 20,044 276 12 1979 70 2,905 1,795 2,186 22 193 13,221 1,228 19,825 178 8 1980 64 2,795 1,754 2,179 18 172 12,383 1,398 19,009 169 5 1981 56 2,901 1,671 2,058 34 165 12,379 1,219 18,813 124 4 1982 47 2,790 1,661 2,069 34 150 12,312 1,020 18,422 89 4 1983 48 2,905 1,736 2,141 40 157 12,482 821 18,595 96 8 1984 44 2,948 1,977 2,414 43 168 12,600 807 19,023 88 8 1985 50 3,170 2,079 2,497 30 156 12,784 786 19,472 85 7 1986 59 3,218 2,287 2,682 27 153 13,174 870 20,183 83 9 1987 46 3,335 2,444 2,843 22 173 13,499 900 20,817 90 10 1988 49 3,626 2,565 2,982 23 167 13,802 919 21,568 109 12 1989 48 3,687 2,658 3,059 23 171 13,749 971 21,707 152 16 1990 45 3,661 2,774 3,129 23 176 13,575 1,016 21,626 97 30 1991 42 3,601 2,681 3,025 21 157 13,503 1,026 21,374 84 29 1992 41 3,684 2,718 3,001 19 161 13,699 1,070 21,675 74 45 1993 38 3,796 2,809 3,028 20 163 14,126 901 22,073 86 79 1994 38 4,032 3,063 3,154 34 171 14,293 883 22,605 120 70 1995 40 4,195 3,099 3,132 18 168 14,607 911 23,070 108 81 1996 37 4,469 3,268 3,274 16 163 14,837 851 23,648 109 80 1997 40 4,672 3,307 3,308 14 172 14,999 712 23,918 111 102 1998 35 4,812 3,359 3,357 18 180 15,463 674 24,538 136 124 1999 39 5,001 3,466 3,462 14 182 15,855 665 25,219 140 112 2000 36 5,165 3,580 3,580 12 179 15,960 888 25,820 175 99 2001 35 5,292 3,427 3,426 14 164 16,041 586 25,557 171 103 2002 34 5,392 3,354 3,340 14 162 16,465 677 26,085 127 175 2003 30 5,666 3,266 3,265 17 150 16,597 571 26,297 161 175 2004 31 5,932 3,382 3,383 19 152 16,962 740 27,219 111 222 2005 35 6,076 3,475 3,475 28 151 17,043 837 27,645 115 243 2006 33 6,414 3,379 3,379 27 147 17,197 906 28,105 74 214 2007 32 6,457 3,358 3,358 22 152 17,321 994 28,335 89 171 2008 28 6,020 3,193 3,193 40 141 16,872 920 27,214 73 154 2009 27 5,528 2,883 2,883 28 127 16,837 810 26,240 70 139 2010 27 R5,818 R2,963 R2,963 29 R141 R16,791 R877 R26,646 80 R144 2011P 27 5,908 2,950 2,950 29 133 16,312 823 26,182 62 132 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

2 Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil. 3 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in

1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,includes kerosene-type jet fuel only. 4 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 5 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949–1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

6 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949–1979, data are for steam plant use o

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Data for "Transportation Sector" are estimates. • For tot

consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products stransportation sector, petroleum product supplied is used as an approximatSee Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petrole

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum f1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html for related information.

Sources: Tables 5.13c, 5.13d, A1, and A3.
Figure 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2010

Total by Fuel Distillate Fuel Oil by Selected End UseResidual Fuel Oil by Major End Use Kerosene by Major End Use154 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Source: Table 5.15.

Commercial

Railroad

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

1

2

345

Million Barrels per Day

Distillate Fuel Oil

1985 1990 1995 2

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Million Barrels per Day

Kerosene

Residual Fuel Oil

Vessel Bunkering

Industrial

Commercial

Commerc

Electric Power

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

150300450600750

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1985 1990 1995 20

0

20406080

Thousand Barrels per Day
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, Selected Years, 1984-2010

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residential Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company Farm

Electric

Power 1 Railroad

Vessel

Bunkering

On-Highway

Diesel Military

Off-Highway

Diesel 

1984 534 360 166 55 208 42 192 115 1,093 46 114 1985 504 291 159 45 202 34 182 111 1,127 43 99 1990 475 260 169 49 222 50 203 135 1,393 46 118 1991 442 246 151 48 206 39 188 133 1,336 53 107 1992 474 245 150 43 228 35 206 144 1,391 42 114 1993 475 241 139 46 222 36 196 141 1,485 32 137 1994 472 246 148 44 213 43 205 143 1,594 40 140 1995 447 237 146 45 227 39 224 153 1,668 30 142 1996 450 234 149 48 234 43 224 162 1,754 30 146 1997 426 216 151 56 231 41 214 168 1,867 28 149 1998 380 211 161 51 222 55 207 169 1,967 23 162 1999 411 218 162 43 223 53 211 158 2,091 23 162 2000 444 241 152 45 225 66 214 147 2,155 20 168 2001 433 243 161 49 234 88 198 133 2,167 26 177 2002 416 215 156 50 223 49 212 136 2,238 23 154 2003 452 240 156 33 209 75 239 145 2,420 27 169 2004 432 220 151 31 207 54 198 139 2,415 23 179 2005 401 210 160 31 210 59 225 131 2,482 18 193 2006 325 183 161 42 213 43 232 124 2,552 21 162 2007 335 177 161 51 209 44 237 126 2,596 24 164 2008 301 167 154 64 209 35 175 77 2,441 17 148 2009 268 184 143 48 173 35 135 83 2,228 15 128 2010 256 181 133 61 190 32 136 88 2,321 16 139 

Residual Fuel Oil Kerosene

Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company

Electric

Power 1

Vessel

Bunkering Military Other 2 Total Residential Commercial Industrial Farm 

1984 100 228 81 454 298 6 26 1,194 77 17 8 3 1985 89 218 62 359 299 8 13 1,048 77 16 10 3 1990 395 147 21 566 413 7 2 31,250 31 6 4 1 1991 93 126 20 461 442 8 1 1,150 35 6 3 1 1992 77 138 18 388 427 6 1 1,054 31 5 3 1 1993 67 155 17 394 345 5 (s) 983 37 7 4 2 1994 69 152 16 374 351 4 (s) 967 31 9 6 2 1995 60 129 14 213 384 3 (s) 804 36 11 6 1 1996 60 136 11 280 371 4 1 862 43 10 7 2 1997 52 124 10 300 327 3 (s) 816 45 12 7 1 1998 47 117 8 420 367 2 (s) 961 52 15 8 2 1999 42 111 8 326 381 2 (s) 869 54 13 4 2 2000 43 103 10 284 417 2 (s) 859 46 14 6 2 2001 42 114 9 368 353 1 (s) 888 46 15 9 2 2002 37 82 7 233 316 (s) (s) 676 29 8 5 1 2003 49 92 5 344 253 1 (s) 744 34 9 11 1 2004 51 100 3 306 305 2 (s) 767 41 10 13 1 2005 47 109 5 376 338 2 (s) 877 40 10 17 1 2006 31 95 4 163 375 1 (s) 670 32 7 13 1 2007 31 77 3 173 413 1 (s) 698 21 4 6 1 2008 26 67 4 111 330 1 (s) 538 10 2 2 (s) 2009 28 37 2 73 296 1 1 437 13 2 2 (s) 2010 24 34 4 67 274 1 (s) 404 14 2 3 (s) 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

2 Sales to railroads are included in "Other." 3 Value has been revised since publication in the reports cited after "Sources." 

– – =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand barrels per day. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in

1984. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/fueloilkerose

Sources: • 1984—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleu

(October 1989), Tables A1–A3, and unpublished revision. • 1985-2004—ESales, annual reports, Tables 1–3, and unpublished revisions. • 2005 foKerosene Sales 2010 (February 2012).
Figure 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, End of Year

Total Stocks and Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) Stocks, 1949-2011By Type, 2011156 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements. See Figure 5.17 for additional information about the SPR. 2 Includes lease condensate and crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).

3 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline and blending c

naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and misce

Source: Table 5.16.

1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 199

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Barrels (Cumulative)

Petroleum Products

SPR1 Crude Oil

Non-SPR Crude Oil

1,027

224

150 111 79 42 3

Crude Oil2 Motor Gasoline Distillate Liquefied Unfinished Jet Fuel Res

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Barrels

 Fuel Oil Fue

 NonSPR

 SPR1

Petroleum Gases Oils
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, End of Year 1949-2011

 (Million Barrels)

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Petroleum Products

SPR 1 Non-SPR 2,3 Total 3 

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Jet

Fuel 5

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 7

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

Other

Products 8

Propane 

6 Total

1949 0 253 253 75 5 ( ) 9 ( ) 1 110 60 66 37 1950 0 248 248 72 5 ( ) 9 ( ) 2 116 41 70 34 1955 0 266 266 111 3 9 ( ) 7 165 39 68 55 1960 0 240 240 138 7 9 ( ) 23 195 45 62 76 1965 0 220 220 155 19 9 ( ) 30 175 56 89 92 1970 0 276 276 195 28 9 ( ) 67 209 54 99 89 1975 0 271 271 209 30 82 125 235 74 106 82 1976 0 285 285 186 32 74 116 231 72 110 78 1977 7 340 348 250 35 81 136 258 90 113 82 1978 67 309 376 216 34 87 132 238 90 109 82 1979 91 339 430 229 39 64 111 237 96 118 82 1980 108 358 466 205 42 65 120 261 92 124 82 1981 230 363 594 192 41 76 135 253 78 111 80 1982 294 350 644 179 37 54 94 235 66 105 70 1983 379 344 723 140 39 48 101 222 49 108 72 1984 451 345 796 161 42 58 101 243 53 94 67 1985 493 321 814 144 40 39 74 223 50 107 67 1986 512 331 843 155 50 63 103 233 47 94 68 1987 541 349 890 134 50 48 97 226 47 93 70 1988 560 330 890 124 44 50 97 228 45 100 70 1989 580 341 921 106 41 32 80 213 44 106 70 1990 586 323 908 132 52 49 98 220 49 99 63 1991 569 325 893 144 49 48 92 219 50 98 72 1992 575 318 893 141 43 39 89 216 43 95 73 1993 587 335 922 141 40 51 106 226 44 88 78 1994 592 337 929 145 47 46 99 215 42 91 84 1995 592 303 895 130 40 43 93 202 37 86 79 1996 566 284 850 127 40 43 86 195 46 88 76 1997 563 305 868 138 44 44 89 210 40 89 81 1998 571 324 895 156 45 65 115 216 45 91 85 1999 567 284 852 125 41 43 89 193 36 86 70 2000 541 286 826 118 45 41 83 196 36 87 77 2001 550 312 862 145 42 66 121 210 41 88 78 2002 599 278 877 134 39 53 106 209 31 76 76 2003 638 269 907 137 39 50 94 207 38 76 71 2004 676 286 961 126 40 55 104 218 42 81 72 2005 685 324 1,008 136 42 57 109 208 37 86 71 2006 689 312 1,001 144 39 62 113 212 42 84 85 2007 697 286 983 134 39 52 96 218 39 81 75 2008 702 326 1,028 146 38 55 113 214 36 83 79 2009 727 325 1,052 166 43 50 102 223 37 80 73 2010 727 R333 R1,060 164 43 49 R108 219 41 81 77 2011P 696 331 1,027 150 42 55 111 224 34 79 85 

1 "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Crude oil stocks in the SPR include

non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements.

2 All crude oil and lease condensate stocks other than those in "SPR." 3 Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit. 4 Does not include stocks that are held in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve. 5 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products." 6 Includes propylene. 7 Finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, and gasohol. Through 1963, alsoincludes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. 8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus,

petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and ox

products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type 

9 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases Total."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roundiWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petrole

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum fo1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, P

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2010—EIA, Petroreports. • 2011—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2012).
Figure 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2011

End-of-Year Stocks in SPR Crude Oil Imports for SPR1SPR as Share of Domestic Stocks SPR Stocks as Days of Petroleum Net Imports2158 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Imported by SPR and imported by others for SPR.2 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all

petroleum.

Note: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.Source: Table 5.17.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

200400600800

Million Barrels

8

59

24

16

93

60

85

72

43

18

27

19 20

10

0 4 5 4

0 1 0

8 7 5

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 

0

255075

100

Million Barrels

1

8 11

17

43

68

88

96

115

94 91

85

81 82

86 83

77

73 75

67

62 59 57

52 

1980 1985 1990 1995 200

0

255075

100125

Days

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

20406080

100

Percent

Crude Oil 

Total Petroleum 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2011

 (Million Barrels, Except as Noted)

Year

Foreign Crude Oil Receipts Domestic Crude Oil Receipts Withdrawals End-of-Year Stocks

Imported

by SPR

Imported

by Others 1,2 Purchases Exchanges 2 Sales Exchanges Quantity

Percent of

Crude Oil 3

Stocks

1977 7.54 0.00 50.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.46 2.1 1978 58.80 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 66.86 17.8 1979 24.43 .00 (s) .00 .00 .00 91.19 21.2 1980 16.07 .00 1.30 .00 .00 .00 107.80 23.1 1981 93.30 .00 28.79 .00 .00 .00 230.34 38.8 1982 60.19 .00 3.79 .00 .00 .00 293.83 45.7 1983 85.29 .00 .42 .00 .00 .00 379.09 52.4 1984 72.04 .00 .05 .00 .00 .00 450.51 56.6 1985 43.12 .00 .17 .00 .00 .00 493.32 60.6 1986 17.56 .00 1.21 .00 .00 .00 511.57 60.7 1987 26.52 .00 2.69 .00 .00 .00 540.65 60.8 1988 18.76 .00 .01 .00 .00 .00 559.52 62.9 1989 20.35 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 579.86 62.9 1990 9.77 .00 .00 .00 3.91 .00 585.69 64.5 1991 .00 .00 .00 .00 17.22 .00 568.51 63.7 1992 3.59 .00 2.60 .00 .00 .00 574.72 64.4 1993 5.37 .00 6.96 .00 .00 .00 587.08 63.6 1994 4.49 .00 .11 .00 .00 .00 591.67 63.7 1995 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 591.64 66.1 1996 .00 .90 .00 .00 25.82 .90 565.82 66.6 1997 .00 .00 .00 .00 2.33 .00 563.43 64.9 1998 .00 7.98 .00 .00 .00 .00 571.41 63.8 1999 3.04 3.60 .00 1.42 .00 10.75 567.24 66.6 2000 3.01 1.50 .00 2.29 .00 633.35 540.68 65.4 2001 3.91 5.07 .58 .00 .00 .00 550.24 63.8 2002 5.77 35.59 .00 7.64 .00 .00 599.09 68.3 2003 .00 22.94 .00 16.40 .00 .00 638.39 70.4 2004 .00 34.24 .00 8.47 .00 5.44 675.60 70.3 2005 .00 18.88 .00 8.41 11.03 9.82 684.54 67.9 2006 .00 3.31 .00 2.44 .00 1.57 688.61 68.8 2007 .00 2.70 .00 1.68 .00 .00 696.94 70.9 2008 .00 7.11 .00 3.20 .00 5.40 701.82 68.3 2009 .00 20.29 .00 4.47 .00 .00 726.62 69.1 2010 .00 .00 .00 .38 .00 .40 726.55 R68.5 2011 .00 .00 .00 .00 30.59 .00 695.95 67.8 

1 Imported crude oil received represents volumes of imported crude oil received at SPR storage facilities

for which the costs associated with the importation and delivery of crude oil are the responsibility of thecommercial importer under contract to supply the SPR.

2 The values shown for 1998 and 1999 represent an exchange agreement in which SPR received

approximately 8.5 million barrels of high quality oil in exchange for approximately 11 million barrels of lowerquality crude oil shipped from SPR during 1999 and 2000. Also, beginning in 1999, a portion of the crudeoil in-kind royalties from Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico was transferred to the U.S. Department ofEnergy and exchanged with commercial entities for crude oil to fill the SPR. Crude oil exchange barrelsdelivered to SPR could be either domestic or imported as long as the crude oil met the specificationrequirements of SPR. All exchange barrels of imported crude oil are included in "Foreign Crude OilReceipts, Imported by Others," while exchange barrels of domestic crude oil are included in "DomesticCrude Oil Receipts, Exchanges."

3 Includes lease condensate stocks. 4 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all petroleum. 

Calculated prior to rounding.

5 The quantity of domestic fuel oil which was in storage prior to 6 Includes 30 million barrels released to increase heating oil sto

bonus percentage to be returned in 2001 and 2002, as well as Home Heating Oil Reserve.

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels. Note: "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve—petrole

Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroSources: Imported by SPR and End-of-Year Stocks, Q

Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Petroleu• 1981-2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • (February 2012). Imported by Others, Domestic Crude ODepartment of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Fossil EnergyCalculated.
Figure 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices

U.S. Average Prices, 1949-2011

Alaska North Slope, California, and Texas 1977-2011

160 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

3 Alaska North Slope.

Source: Table 5.18.

Real1

Nominal2

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0

20406080

100120

Dollars per Barrel

Te

Texas

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

255075

100125

Nominal Dollars2 per Barrel

Nominal2 Prices

1980 1985 19

0

100200300400500600100

Index: 1977=100

Real1 Price

California

Texas

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

255075

100

Real (2005) Dollars1 per Barrel

Real1 Prices

ANS3 California

California

ANS3
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Alaska North Slope California Texas 

Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 Real 2 No

1949 – – – – NA NA NA NA 1950 – – – – NA NA NA NA 1955 – – – – NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 36.29 3,R16.65 7.92 R20.96 8.58 R22.71 1978 5.21 R12.88 8.58 R21.22 9.29 R22.98 1979 10.57 R24.13 12.78 R29.18 12.65 R28.88 11980 16.87 R35.30 23.87 R49.95 21.84 R45.70 21981 23.23 R44.44 26.80 R51.27 35.06 R67.07 31982 19.92 R35.92 24.58 R44.32 31.77 R57.29 21983 17.69 R30.68 22.61 R39.22 29.35 R50.91 21984 17.91 R29.94 22.09 R36.93 28.87 R48.26 21985 16.98 R27.55 22.14 R35.93 26.80 R43.49 21986 6.45 R10.24 11.90 R18.89 14.73 R23.38 11987 10.83 R16.71 13.92 R21.48 17.55 R27.08 11988 8.43 R12.57 10.97 R16.36 14.71 R21.94 11989 12.00 R17.25 14.06 R20.21 17.81 R25.60 11990 15.23 R21.08 17.81 R24.65 22.37 R30.96 21991 11.57 R15.46 13.72 R18.34 19.04 R25.45 11992 11.73 R15.31 13.55 R17.69 18.32 R23.92 11993 10.84 R13.85 12.11 R15.47 16.19 R20.68 11994 9.77 R12.22 12.12 R15.16 14.98 R18.74 11995 11.12 R13.63 14.00 R17.16 16.38 R20.07 11996 15.32 R18.42 16.72 R20.11 20.31 R24.42 11997 14.84 R17.54 15.78 R18.65 18.66 R22.05 11998 8.47 R9.90 9.55 R11.16 12.28 R14.35 11999 12.46 R14.35 14.08 R16.21 17.29 R19.91 12000 23.62 R26.62 24.82 R27.97 28.60 R32.24 22001 18.18 R20.04 20.11 R22.17 23.41 R25.80 22002 19.37 R21.01 21.87 R23.72 23.77 R25.78 22003 23.78 R25.26 26.43 R28.08 29.13 R30.94 22004 33.03 34.13 34.47 R35.61 38.79 40.08 32005 47.05 47.05 47.08 47.08 52.61 52.61 52006 56.86 R55.08 57.34 R55.55 61.31 R59.39 52007 63.69 R59.96 65.07 R61.26 68.30 R64.30 62008 90.10 R82.98 90.47 R83.32 96.85 R89.20 92009 54.41 R49.59 56.11 R51.14 57.40 R52.31 52010 72.33 R65.17 74.51 R67.13 76.23 R68.68 72011 98.79 87.15 102.50 90.42 91.99 81.15 9

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

3 Average for July through December only.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. Note: Prices are for the marketed first sales price of domestic crude oil. See Note 4, "Crude Oil

Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices for updated monthly and annual

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleu

• See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1973—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearb

Products" chapter. • 1974-January 1976—Federal Energy AdmPetroleum Production Monthly Report." • February 1976-1977—Oil Purchaser’s Monthly Report." • 1978-1984—U.S. Energy InfMarketing Annual, annual reports. • 1985 forward—EIA, Petrole18.
Figure 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries

Total, 19731-2011 By Selected Country, 2011By Selected OPEC Country, 19731-2011 By Selected Non-OPEC Country, 19731-2011162 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 1973 cost is based on October, November, and December data only.2 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting CouSource: Table 5.19.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

306090

120

Dollars2 per Barrel

118 118 116

109 106 1

United Norway Nigeria Saudi Kuwait Co

0

306090

120150

Dollars2 per Barrel

Arabia b

Nigeria

Kingdom

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

20406080

100120

Dollars2 per Barrel

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

100120

Dollars2 per Barrel

Venezuela

Saudi Arabia

Canada
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2011

 (Dollars 1 per Barrel)

Year

Persian

Gulf 3

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 2 Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

Unit

Kingd

1973 5 5.91 W 9.08 5.37 5.99 6.85 5.33 W – – – 1974 12.21 W 13.16 11.63 11.25 12.49 11.48 W W – – 1975 12.64 W 12.70 12.50 12.36 12.70 12.84 – 12.61 12.80 – 1976 13.03 W 13.81 13.06 11.89 13.32 13.36 – 12.64 13.74 W 1977 13.85 W 15.29 13.69 13.11 14.35 14.13 – 13.82 14.93 14.81978 14.01 W 14.88 13.94 12.84 14.34 14.41 – 13.56 14.68 14.51979 20.42 W 22.97 18.95 17.65 21.29 20.22 – 20.77 22.55 22.91980 30.59 W 37.15 29.80 25.92 33.56 30.11 W 31.77 36.82 35.61981 34.61 – 39.66 34.20 29.91 36.60 32.32 – 33.70 38.70 37.21982 34.94 – 36.16 34.99 24.93 34.81 27.15 – 28.63 34.70 34.21983 29.37 – 30.85 29.27 22.94 29.84 25.63 – 25.78 30.72 30.81984 29.07 W 30.36 29.20 25.19 29.06 26.56 – 26.85 30.05 29.41985 25.50 – 28.96 24.72 24.43 26.86 25.71 – 25.63 28.32 28.31986 12.92 11.70 15.29 12.84 11.52 13.46 13.43 12.85 12.17 15.98 14.61987 17.47 18.14 19.32 16.81 15.76 17.64 17.04 18.43 16.69 19.10 18.71988 13.51 12.84 15.88 13.37 13.66 14.18 13.50 14.47 12.58 15.43 15.81989 17.37 16.90 19.19 17.34 16.78 17.78 16.81 18.10 16.35 19.06 18.71990 20.55 17.01 23.33 21.82 20.31 21.23 20.48 22.34 19.64 21.11 22.61991 17.34 18.48 21.39 17.22 15.92 18.08 17.16 19.55 15.89 21.44 21.31992 17.58 16.99 20.78 17.48 15.13 17.81 17.04 18.46 15.60 20.90 20.61993 15.26 14.23 18.73 15.40 13.39 15.68 15.27 16.54 14.11 18.99 17.91994 15.00 14.49 17.21 15.11 13.12 15.08 14.83 15.80 14.09 17.09 16.61995 16.78 16.47 18.25 16.84 14.81 16.61 16.65 17.45 16.19 18.06 17.91996 20.45 20.32 21.95 20.49 18.59 20.14 19.94 22.02 19.64 21.34 20.81997 17.44 17.03 20.64 17.52 16.35 17.73 17.63 19.71 17.30 20.26 20.61998 11.18 11.00 14.14 11.16 10.16 11.46 11.62 13.26 11.04 13.83 13.51999 17.37 16.77 17.63 17.48 15.58 16.94 17.54 18.09 16.12 19.06 18.22000 26.77 26.28 30.04 26.58 26.05 27.29 26.69 29.68 26.03 30.13 29.22001 20.73 19.66 26.55 20.98 19.81 21.52 20.72 25.88 19.37 25.77 25.32002 24.13 23.04 26.45 24.77 21.93 23.83 22.98 25.28 22.09 26.60 26.32003 27.54 26.82 31.07 27.50 25.70 27.70 26.76 30.55 25.48 30.51 30.62004 36.53 35.89 40.95 37.11 33.79 36.84 34.51 39.03 32.25 39.92 39.22005 49.68 48.36 57.55 50.31 47.87 51.36 44.73 53.42 43.47 56.23 55.22006 58.92 57.64 68.26 59.19 57.37 61.21 53.90 62.13 53.76 64.39 67.42007 69.83 66.01 78.01 70.78 66.13 71.14 60.38 70.91 62.31 71.66 72.42008 93.59 86.35 104.83 94.75 90.76 95.49 90.00 93.43 85.97 104.13 96.92009 62.15 61.12 68.01 62.14 57.78 61.90 57.60 58.50 57.35 59.80 63.82010 R78.58 R75.91 R83.15 R79.25 72.43 R78.27 72.80 74.25 72.86 82.20 80.12011P 108.01 106.33 116.40 108.74 100.14 107.83 90.03 102.53 101.22 118.09 118.3

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,

Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973–2008, also includes Indonesia; for1973–1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974–1995, also includes Gabon(although Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975–1994); and beginning in 2007, also includesAngola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

5 Based on October, November, and December data only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual

company data.

Notes: • Data are for landed costs of crude oil imports only; t

products imported into the United States. • See "Crude Oil Landequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1973-September 1977—Federal Energy Adminis

Pricing Report." • October 1977-December 1978—U.S. Energy FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." • January 1979-"Transfer Pricing Report." • October 1982-June 1984—EIA, FTransaction Report." • July 1984 forward—EIA, Petroleum MarkeEIA, Form EIA-856, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Report
Figure 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports

Total, 1973-2011 Totals, 2011By Selected Country, 2011164 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. 

Source: Table 5.20.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

60

120180240300360

Billion Dollars1

335

170 

Total Non-OPEC O

0

60

120180240300360

Billion Dollars1

72.5

47.1

40.6

32.6 31.7

14.5

7.4

Canada Saudi Arabia Mexico Nigeria Venezuela Colombia Kuwait 

0

1020304050607080

Billion Dollars1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2011

 (Billion Dollars 1

)

Year

Persian

Gulf 3

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 2 Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

Uni

King

1973 1.7 W 1.5 0.9 0.8 5.2 1.9 W – 0.0 01974 4.4 W 3.3 1.9 1.3 11.6 3.3 .0 W – 1975 5.2 W 3.5 3.2 1.8 14.9 2.8 .0 .3 .1 1976 8.7 W 5.1 5.8 1.0 22.2 1.8 – .4 .2 W 1977 12.2 W 6.3 6.9 1.2 29.6 1.4 .0 .9 .3 1978 11.3 W 4.9 5.8 .8 27.1 1.3 .0 1.6 .6 1979 15.3 W 9.0 9.3 1.9 39.7 2.0 .0 3.3 .6 11980 16.9 W 11.4 13.6 1.5 47.5 2.2 .0 5.9 1.9 21981 15.1 .0 8.8 13.9 1.6 39.0 1.9 .0 5.8 1.6 51982 8.4 – 6.7 6.8 1.4 22.0 2.1 .0 6.7 1.3 51983 4.3 – 3.4 3.4 1.4 16.1 2.6 .0 7.2 .7 41984 4.8 W 2.3 3.3 2.3 16.1 3.3 .0 6.5 1.2 41985 2.3 – 3.0 1.2 2.7 12.9 4.4 .0 6.7 .3 21986 3.8 .1 2.4 2.9 1.8 10.4 2.8 .3 2.8 .3 11987 6.0 .5 3.7 3.9 2.8 15.5 3.8 .8 3.7 .5 21988 6.7 .4 3.5 4.4 2.2 14.0 3.4 .6 3.1 .3 11989 11.0 1.0 5.6 7.1 3.0 21.9 3.9 .9 4.3 .9 11990 13.5 .5 6.7 9.5 4.9 27.2 4.8 1.1 4.9 .7 11991 11.0 (s) 5.3 10.7 3.9 22.3 4.7 .9 4.4 .6 1992 10.5 .2 5.1 10.2 4.6 22.2 5.0 .7 4.5 .9 11993 9.1 1.8 4.9 7.2 4.9 20.7 5.0 .9 4.4 .9 21994 8.8 1.6 3.9 7.2 5.0 19.7 5.3 .8 4.8 1.2 21995 9.1 1.3 4.1 7.7 6.2 21.6 6.3 1.3 6.1 1.7 21996 11.1 1.8 4.8 9.4 8.9 25.3 7.8 1.8 8.7 2.3 11997 10.4 1.6 5.2 8.3 8.3 24.4 7.7 1.9 8.6 2.1 11998 8.3 1.2 3.6 5.7 5.1 17.4 5.4 1.7 5.3 1.1 1999 15.0 1.5 4.0 8.8 6.5 26.1 7.5 3.0 7.4 1.8 12000 23.6 2.5 9.6 14.8 11.7 45.4 13.2 3.5 12.5 3.3 32001 20.2 1.7 8.2 12.3 9.3 38.1 10.3 2.5 9.9 2.6 22002 19.5 1.8 5.7 13.7 9.6 35.5 12.1 2.2 12.1 3.4 32003 24.4 2.0 9.4 17.3 11.1 46.3 15.1 1.8 14.6 2.0 42004 32.1 3.2 16.2 20.3 16.0 68.0 20.4 2.0 18.9 2.1 32005 40.0 4.0 22.6 26.5 21.7 90.3 26.7 3.0 24.7 2.4 42006 46.5 3.8 25.8 30.7 23.9 106.9 35.5 3.2 30.9 2.3 32007 53.9 4.2 30.9 37.4 27.7 139.9 41.6 3.6 32.0 1.5 22008 80.1 6.5 35.4 52.1 34.5 189.2 64.4 6.1 37.3 1.1 22009 37.6 4.0 19.3 22.2 20.1 98.4 40.8 5.4 22.9 1.3 22010 R48.6 5.4 R29.8 R31.3 24.1 R130.1 52.4 9.2 R30.6 .8 32011P 72.9 7.4 32.6 47.1 31.7 165.1 72.5 14.5 40.6 2.3 1

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,

Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973–2008, also includes Indonesia; for1973–1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974–1995, also includes Gabon(although Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975–1994); and beginning in 2007, also includesAngola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

5 Data shown here represent landed value; they differ from data in Table 3.7, which are data from U.S.

Customs that represent crude oil value at the port of loading.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less 

avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: • Crude oil import volumes used to calculate values i

District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petrSources: Calculated by using prices on Table 5.19 and v

• 1973-1975—U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Minereports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administratioannual reports. • 1981-2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, aSupply Monthly (February 2012).
Figure 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2011

Summary Composite CostsDomestic Costs Imported Costs166 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

Source: Table 5.21.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

20406080

100120

Nominal Dollars1 per Barrel

Composite

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

100120

Dollars per Barrel

Real2

Imported

Domestic

No

Nom

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

20406080

100120

Dollars per Barrel

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

100120

Dollars per Barrel

Nominal1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2011

 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Domestic Imported Compo

Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 

1968E 3.21 R14.57 2.90 R13.16 3.17 1969E 3.37 R14.58 2.80 R12.11 3.29 1970E 3.46 R14.22 2.96 R12.16 3.40 1971E 3.68 R14.40 3.17 R12.41 3.60 1972E 3.67 R13.77 3.22 R12.08 3.58 1973E 4.17 R14.82 4.08 R14.50 4.15 1974 7.18 R23.40 12.52 R40.80 9.07 1975 8.39 R24.98 13.93 R41.47 10.38 1976 8.84 R24.89 13.48 R37.95 10.89 1977 9.55 R25.28 14.53 R38.46 11.96 1978 10.61 R26.24 14.57 R36.03 12.46 1979 14.27 R32.58 21.67 R49.48 17.72 1980 24.23 R50.70 33.89 R70.91 28.07 1981 34.33 R65.68 37.05 R70.88 35.24 1982 31.22 R56.29 33.55 R60.50 31.87 1983 28.87 R50.08 29.30 R50.82 28.99 1984 28.53 R47.70 28.88 R48.28 28.63 1985 26.66 R43.26 26.99 R43.80 26.75 1986 14.82 R23.53 14.00 R22.23 14.55 1987 17.76 R27.40 18.13 R27.97 17.90 1988 14.74 R21.98 14.56 R21.72 14.67 1989 17.87 R25.68 18.08 R25.99 17.97 1990 22.59 R31.26 21.76 R30.11 22.22 1991 19.33 R25.83 18.70 R24.99 19.06 1992 18.63 R24.32 18.20 R23.76 18.43 1993 16.67 R21.29 16.14 R20.62 16.41 1994 15.67 R19.60 15.51 R19.40 15.59 1995 17.33 R21.24 17.14 R21.00 17.23 1996 20.77 R24.98 20.64 R24.82 20.71 1997 19.61 R23.17 18.53 R21.90 19.04 1998 13.18 R15.40 12.04 R14.07 12.52 1999 17.90 R20.61 17.26 R19.88 17.51 2000 29.11 R32.81 27.70 R31.22 28.26 2001 24.33 R26.82 22.00 R24.25 22.95 2002 24.65 R26.74 23.71 R25.72 24.10 2003 29.82 R31.68 27.71 R29.44 28.53 2004 38.97 R40.26 35.90 R37.09 36.98 2005 52.94 52.94 48.86 48.86 50.24 2006 62.62 R60.66 59.02 R57.17 60.24 2007 69.65 R65.57 67.04 R63.11 67.94 2008 98.47 R90.69 92.77 R85.44 94.74 2009 59.49 R54.22 59.17 R53.92 59.29 2010 77.96 R70.24 75.88 R68.37 76.69 2011 100.74 88.87 102.70 90.60 101.93 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Note: Costs are for crude oil to refiners, including transportation and other fees; they do not include

crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The cost for each category and for the compositeis derived by dividing the sum of the total purchasing (acquisition) costs of all refiners by the total volume ofall refiners’ purchases.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices for updated monthly and annual

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: • 1968-1973—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA

crude oil was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to thpurchase value. The cost of imported crude oil was derived by adding based on the published "Average Freight Rate Assessment" to the avpublished by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The composite cost was dand imported costs on the basis of quantities produced and importedEnergy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-96, "Monthly Cost Allo1976-1977—FEA, Form FEA-P110-M-1, "Refiners’ Monthly Cost AllocaEnergy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Marketing Anforward—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2012), Table 1.
Figure 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1995-2011

To Resellers To End Users168 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. Source: Table 5.22.

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.50

Dollars1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes Motor Gasoline Residual Fuel Oil

Motor Gasoline

No. 2

Distillate

Propane

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 

0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.50

Dolllars1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1995-2011

 (Dollars 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

Sales Prices to Resellers: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 0.975 1.055 1.065 0.912 1.007 1.330 1.256 1.146 1.288 1.627 2.076 2.490 2.758  Motor Gasoline ............................... .626 .713 .700 .526 .645 .963 .886 .828 1.002 1.288 1.670 1.969 2.182  Unleaded Regular ......................... .593 .685 .673 .499 .620 .942 .865 .806 .981 1.269 1.654 1.950 2.161  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... .670 .759 .749 .576 .696 1.013 .945 .885 1.061 1.340 1.708 2.016 2.245  Unleaded Premium ....................... .722 .803 .792 .617 .726 1.055 .980 .928 1.113 1.408 1.789 2.117 2.357  Kerosene ........................................ .580 .714 .653 .465 .550 .969 .821 .752 .955 1.271 1.757 2.007 2.249  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ .539 .646 .613 .450 .533 .880 .763 .716 .871 1.208 1.723 1.961 2.171  No. 1 Distillate ............................... .625 .751 .723 .513 .634 1.019 .883 .805 1.033 1.289 1.801 2.044 2.430  No. 2 Distillate ............................... .530 .653 .602 .439 .536 .896 .779 .718 .882 1.178 1.720 1.991 2.190  No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ .511 .639 .590 .422 .493 .886 .756 .694 .881 1.125 1.623 1.834 2.072  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... .538 .659 .606 .444 .546 .898 .775 .724 .883 1.187 1.737 2.012 2.203  No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... .463 .603 .551 .383 .430 .778 .697 .663 .793 1.033 1.377 1.395 1.551  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ .363 .420 .387 .280 .354 .566 .476 .530 .661 .681 .971 1.136 1.350  Sulfur <= 1% 4 .............................. .383 .456 .415 .299 .382 .627 .523 .546 .728 .764 1.115 1.202 1.406  Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................ .338 .389 .366 .269 .329 .512 .428 .508 .588 .601 .842 1.085 1.314  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... .344 .461 .416 .288 .342 .595 .540 .431 .607 .751 .933 1.031 1.194 

Sales Prices to End Users: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 1.005 1.116 1.128 .975 1.059 1.306 1.323 1.288 1.493 1.819 2.231 2.682 2.849  Motor Gasoline ............................... .765 .847 .839 .673 .781 1.106 1.032 .947 1.156 1.435 1.829 2.128 2.345  Unleaded Regular ......................... .717 .807 .798 .630 .742 1.073 .997 .912 1.123 1.404 1.802 2.099 2.315  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... .808 .896 .895 .728 .835 1.168 1.100 1.010 1.218 1.499 1.893 2.213 2.438  Unleaded Premium ....................... .890 .972 .973 .805 .906 1.242 1.175 1.088 1.305 1.596 1.992 2.320 2.552  Kerosene ........................................ .589 .740 .745 .501 .605 1.123 1.045 .990 1.224 1.160 1.957 2.244 2.263  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ .540 .651 .613 .452 .543 .899 .775 .721 .872 1.207 1.735 1.998 2.165  No. 1 Distillate ............................... .620 .726 .689 .551 .621 .988 .902 .828 1.017 1.262 1.832 2.137 2.286  No. 2 Distillate ............................... .560 .680 .642 .492 .580 .934 .840 .759 .942 1.235 1.777 2.091 2.266  No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ .562 .673 .636 .482 .558 .927 .829 .737 .933 1.173 1.705 1.982 2.241  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... .560 .681 .642 .494 .584 .935 .842 .762 .944 1.243 1.786 2.096 2.267  No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... .505 .603 .565 .428 .474 .769 .679 .657 .856 1.017 W W W  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ .392 .455 .423 .305 .374 .602 .531 .569 .698 .739 1.048 1.218 1.374  Sulfur <= 1% 4 .............................. .436 .526 .488 .354 .405 .708 .642 .640 .804 .835 1.168 1.342 1.436  Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................ .377 .433 .403 .287 .362 .566 .492 .544 .651 .692 .974 1.173 1.350  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... .492 .605 .552 .405 .458 .603 .506 .419 .577 .839 1.089 1.358 1.489 

Refiner Margins 5

 Motor Gasoline ............................... .216 .220 .247 .228 .228 .290 .340 .254 .323 .408 .474 .535 .564  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ .129 .153 .160 .152 .116 .207 .217 .142 .192 .328 .527 .527 .553  No. 2 Distillate ............................... .120 .160 .149 .141 .119 .223 .233 .144 .203 .298 .524 .557 .572  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ -.048 -.072 -.066 -.018 -.063 -.107 -.070 -.044 -.018 -.199 -.225 -.298 -.268  Composite 6 .................................... .181 .194 .200 .195 .189 .261 .297 .216 .281 .367 .484 .530 .553 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.

3 Includes No. 4 fuel oil and No. 4 diesel fuel. 4 Sulfur content by weight. 5 In this table, refiner margin is the difference between the composite refiner acquisition price of crude

oil (see Table 5.21) and the price to resellers.

6 A volume weighted average of the refiner prices to reseller

fuel, kerosene, motor gasoline, distillate fuel nos. 1, 2, and 4, and 

W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company datWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/month

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Ma

4, 6, and 16.
Figure 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2010

Motor Gasoline, Selected GradesDistillate Fuel Oil, Residual Fuel Oil, and Propane170 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Includes oxygenated motor gasoline.3 > 15 and <= 500 parts per million.4 > 500 parts per million.

- - = Not applicable.Note: Data are preliminary. Source: Table 5.23.

2.32 2.29 2.27 2.36 2.39 2.3

2.17 2.15 2.13 2.19 2.20 2.18

All Finished Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded 

0.000.501.001.502.002.503.00

Dollars1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

To Resellers To End Users

Midgrade

Conventiona

Regular Midgrade

Reformulated

Regular

Conventional2

Motor Gasoline Regular

(- -)

2.45

2.80

2.42 2.38 2.31

1.7

2.22 2.22 2.18 2.18

1.73

No. 2 No. 2 Distillate No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel Residual 

0.000.501.001.502.002.503.00

Dollars1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

To Resellers To End Users

Fuel, High Sulfur Fuel Oil 

4 Fuel, Low Sulfur3 Distillate Fuel Oil to Residences Fuel
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010

 (Dollars 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 200

Sales Prices to Resellers 2

 Motor Gasoline ......................................... 0.602 0.630 0.715 0.703 0.530 0.645 0.966 0.888 0.832 1.001 1.288 1.675 1.973 2.1 Unleaded Regular ................................... .571 .599 .689 .677 .504 .621 .946 .868 .813 .982 1.271 1.659 1.956 2.1 Conventional 3 ...................................... .565 .583 .672 .658 .484 .596 .918 .838 .794 .950 1.241 1.639 1.930 32.1 Oxygenated 3 ........................................ .627 .662 .745 .754 .575 .690 1.016 .947 .858 1.031 1.289 1.667 1.951 3 (  Reformulated ........................................ .632 .646 .733 .725 .551 .676 1.006 .930 .856 1.058 1.339 1.708 2.022 2.2 Unleaded Midgrade ................................ .641 .673 .760 .751 .579 .694 1.014 .945 .886 1.056 1.338 1.719 2.024 2.2 Conventional 3 ...................................... .633 .651 .737 .723 .550 .658 .977 .901 .852 1.015 1.304 1.697 1.992 32.2 Oxygenated 3 ........................................ .689 .711 .789 .791 .599 .695 1.021 .965 .885 1.043 1.305 1.682 1.999 3 (  Reformulated ........................................ .722 .719 .802 .801 .632 .758 1.080 1.022 .952 1.150 1.410 1.790 2.127 2.3 Unleaded Premium ................................. .696 .724 .804 .794 .618 .724 1.055 .980 .929 1.105 1.400 1.792 2.122 2.3 Conventional 3 ...................................... .686 .695 .777 .764 .587 .688 1.013 .933 .897 1.055 1.351 1.756 2.083 32.3 Oxygenated 3 ........................................ .757 .787 .851 .856 .674 .779 1.119 1.020 .952 1.131 1.390 1.761 2.049 3 (  Reformulated ........................................ .769 .779 .851 .845 .671 .787 1.117 1.054 .986 1.189 1.467 1.844 2.181 2.4 No. 2 Distillate .......................................... .529 .536 .660 .611 .450 .538 .901 .785 .728 .891 1.178 1.727 1.999 2.2 No. 2 Diesel Fuel .................................... .538 .546 .667 .616 .454 .552 .904 .791 .735 .891 1.191 1.754 2.029 2.2 Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm 4) ............. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.2 Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm 4) .... .542 .551 .673 .619 .457 .557 .909 .794 .738 .895 1.197 1.761 2.045 2.2 High Sulfur (> 500 ppm 4) ..................... .519 .524 .639 .602 .437 .519 .875 .771 .712 .870 1.146 1.704 1.915 1.9 Residual Fuel Oil ...................................... .322 .366 .427 .396 .284 .355 .579 .496 .526 .675 .682 1.006 1.141 1.3 Sulfur <= 1% 5 ........................................ .350 .383 .461 .424 .305 .382 .638 .542 .548 .732 .740 1.107 1.205 1.3 Sulfur > 1% 5 .......................................... .298 .344 .397 .375 .271 .333 .523 .438 .502 .621 .638 .899 1.087 1.3 Propane (Consumer Grade) ..................... .336 .354 .471 .426 .297 .354 .603 .556 .440 .615 .761 .939 1.041 1.2

Sales Prices to End Users 2

 Motor Gasoline ......................................... .729 .761 .843 .831 .660 .762 1.091 1.022 .943 1.135 1.423 1.828 2.121 2.3 Unleaded Regular ................................... .690 .721 .809 .797 .623 .728 1.063 .993 .915 1.108 1.399 1.807 2.098 2.3 Conventional 3 ...................................... .685 .714 .801 .785 .610 .708 1.044 .968 .901 1.082 1.373 1.789 2.073 32.2 Oxygenated 3 ........................................ .737 .773 .861 .887 .694 .782 1.118 1.059 .964 1.142 1.414 1.768 2.076 3 (  Reformulated ........................................ .743 .741 .833 .822 .651 .777 1.109 1.051 .949 1.183 1.478 1.861 2.168 2.3 Unleaded Midgrade ................................ .770 .802 .885 .880 .711 .812 1.146 1.086 1.002 1.195 1.482 1.877 2.183 2.4 Conventional 3 ...................................... .766 .793 .874 .865 .695 .787 1.122 1.052 .985 1.166 1.453 1.855 2.151 32.3 Oxygenated 3 ........................................ .821 .838 .929 .964 .763 .853 1.185 1.120 1.031 1.193 1.459 1.824 2.138 3 (  Reformulated ........................................ .851 .829 .916 .915 .748 .869 1.197 1.156 1.042 1.277 1.569 1.945 2.273 2.4 Unleaded Premium ................................. .852 .883 .962 .955 .786 .880 1.218 1.154 1.081 1.282 1.580 1.988 2.303 2.5 Conventional 3 ...................................... .846 .871 .950 .939 .769 .856 1.192 1.119 1.063 1.245 1.538 1.958 2.263 32.4 Oxygenated 3 ........................................ .908 .938 1.019 1.054 .845 .940 1.279 1.218 1.128 1.307 1.568 1.915 2.236 3 (  Reformulated ........................................ .937 .914 .991 .988 .822 .931 1.267 1.217 1.116 1.355 1.660 2.043 2.373 2.5 No. 2 Distillate .......................................... .675 .673 .793 .753 .599 .678 1.044 .948 .874 1.058 1.339 1.895 2.176 2.3 No. 2 Distillate to Residences 6 .............. .884 .867 .989 .984 .852 .876 1.311 1.250 1.129 1.355 1.548 2.052 2.365 2.5 No. 2 Diesel Fuel .................................... .628 .636 .757 .714 .562 .654 1.006 .912 .837 1.008 1.316 1.886 2.165 2.3 Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm 4) ............. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.3 Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm 4) .... .642 .645 .767 .719 .565 .663 1.014 .917 .841 1.014 1.325 1.899 2.183 2.3 High Sulfur (> 500 ppm 4) ..................... .598 .614 .732 .698 .555 .620 .981 .892 .822 .986 1.281 1.833 2.084 2.1 Residual Fuel Oil ...................................... .358 .397 .464 .429 .311 .378 .609 .533 .561 .696 .725 1.041 1.212 1.3 Sulfur <= 1% 5 ........................................ .403 .433 .529 .472 .356 .406 .683 .620 .612 .785 .794 1.148 1.322 1.4 Sulfur > 1% 5 .......................................... .327 .376 .430 .407 .292 .366 .576 .498 .540 .651 .687 .985 1.175 1.3 Propane (Consumer Grade) ..................... .776 .766 .886 .878 .774 .781 1.048 1.094 .958 1.150 1.307 1.530 1.727 1.8

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.

3 Beginning in 2007, oxygenated motor gasoline is included with conventional motor gasoline. 4 Parts per million. 5 Sulfur content by weight. 6 See Note 5, "Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices," at end of section for historical data.

NA=Not available.Note: Data for this table are not available for 2011.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleumSources: • 1994-2009—U.S. Energy Information Administration (E

annual reports. • 2010—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (A"Refiners’/Gas Plant Operators’ Monthly Petroleum Product Sales R"Resellers’/Retailers’ Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report."
Figure 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

Motor Gasoline, All Grades, 1978-2011 Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type and On-Motor Gasoline by Grade, 1949-2011 Motor Gasoline Price and Consumption, 1978-172 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.3 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.

4 “Reformulated Gasoline Areas” are ozone nonattainment 

mental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulate

5 All grades, in chained (2005) dollars.

Sources: Tables 5.11 and 5.24.

Nominal2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0.001.002.003.004.00

Nominal Dollars2 per Gallon

3.476 3.616 

Conventional Reformulated Al

0.001.503.004.50

Nominal Dollars2 per Gallon Real1

Gasoline Areas3 Gasoline Areas4 

Regular Motor Gasoline

Unleaded

Premium

Leaded Regular

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0.001.002.003.004.00

Dollars per Gallon

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Index: 1978=1.0

Unleaded

Regular
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Dollars per Gallon)

Year

Motor Gasoline by Grade Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Typ

Leaded Regular Unleaded Regular Unleaded Premium All Grades 

Conventional

Gasoline Areas 1,2

Reformulated

Gasoline Areas 3,4 A

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Nominal 5 N

1949 0.268 R1.848 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1950 .268 R1.829 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1955 .291 R1.753 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1960 .311 R1.671 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1965 .312 R1.565 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1970 .357 R1.467 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 .567 R1.688 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 .590 R1.661 .614 R1.729 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 .622 R1.646 .656 R1.736 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1978 R.627 R1.551 .670 R1.657 NA NA .652 R1.612 NA NA 1979 .857 R1.957 .903 R2.062 NA NA .882 R2.014 NA NA 1980 1.191 R2.492 1.245 R2.605 NA NA 1.221 R2.555 NA NA 1981 1.311 R2.508 1.378 R2.636 71.470 7,R2.812 1.353 R2.588 NA NA 1982 1.222 R2.203 1.296 R2.337 1.415 R2.551 1.281 R2.310 NA NA 1983 R1.158 2.009 1.241 R2.153 1.383 R2.399 1.225 R2.125 NA NA 1984 1.129 R1.887 1.212 R2.026 1.366 R2.284 1.198 R2.003 NA NA 1985 1.115 R1.809 1.202 R1.950 1.340 R2.174 1.196 R1.941 NA NA 1986 .857 R1.361 .927 R1.472 1.085 R1.722 .931 R1.478 NA NA 1987 .897 R1.384 .948 R1.463 1.093 R1.686 .957 R1.476 NA NA 1988 R.900 1.342 .946 R1.411 1.107 R1.651 R.964 1.438 NA NA 1989 R.997 R1.433 R1.022 1.469 1.197 R1.720 1.060 R1.523 NA NA 1990 1.149 R1.590 1.164 R1.611 1.349 R1.867 1.217 R1.684 NA NA 1991 NA NA 1.140 R1.524 1.321 R1.765 1.196 R1.598 1.098 NA 1992 NA NA 1.127 R1.471 1.316 R1.718 1.190 R1.554 1.087 NA 1993 NA NA 1.108 R1.415 1.302 R1.663 1.173 R1.498 21.067 NA 1994 NA NA 1.112 R1.391 1.305 R1.632 1.174 R1.469 21.072 NA 1995 NA NA 1.147 R1.406 1.336 R1.637 1.205 R1.477 21.103 41.163 1996 NA NA 1.231 R1.480 1.413 R1.699 1.288 R1.549 21.192 41.242 1997 NA NA 1.234 R1.458 1.416 R1.673 1.291 R1.525 21.189 41.252 1998 NA NA 1.059 R1.237 1.250 R1.461 1.115 R1.303 21.017 41.078 1999 NA NA 1.165 R1.342 1.357 R1.563 1.221 R1.406 21.116 41.195 2000 NA NA 1.510 R1.702 1.693 R1.908 1.563 R1.762 21.462 41.543 2001 NA NA 1.461 R1.610 1.657 R1.826 1.531 R1.687 1.384 1.498 2002 NA NA 1.358 R1.473 1.556 R1.688 1.441 R1.563 1.313 1.408 2003 NA NA 1.591 R1.690 1.777 1.888 1.638 R1.740 1.516 1.655 2004 NA NA 1.880 R1.942 2.068 2.137 1.923 1.987 1.812 1.937 2005 NA NA 2.295 2.295 2.491 2.491 2.338 2.338 2.240 2.335 2006 NA NA 2.589 R2.508 2.805 2.717 2.635 R2.553 2.533 2.654 2007 NA NA 2.801 R2.637 3.033 R2.855 2.849 R2.682 2.767 2.857 2008 NA NA 3.266 R3.008 3.519 R3.241 3.317 R3.055 3.213 3.314 2009 NA NA 2.350 R2.142 2.607 R2.376 2.401 R2.188 2.315 2.433 2010 NA NA 2.788 R2.512 3.047 R2.745 2.836 R2.555 2.742 2.864 2011 NA NA 3.527 3.111 3.792 3.345 3.577 3.155 3.476 3.616 

1 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline. 2 For 1993–2000, data collected for oxygenated areas are included in "Conventional Gasoline Areas." 3 "Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental

Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.

4 For 1995–2000, data collected for combined oxygenated and reformulated areas are included in

"Reformulated Gasoline Areas." 5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

7 The 1981 average price is based on September through December data only.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Note: See "Motor Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, Conventional," "

and "Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices fo

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all a• See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ for related information.

Sources: Motor Gasoline by Grade: • 1949-1973—Platt’s Oil Price H

51st Edition. • 1974 forward—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIAdata from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type: EIA, weighted annual averages of Gasoline Prices, Regular Grade." On-Highway Diesel Fuel: EIA, weighted "Weekly Retail On-Highway Diesel Prices."
Petroleum

Note 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption. Petroleumproduct supplied (see Table 5.11) is used as an approximation of petroleumconsumption. Petroleum products supplied is calculated as field production plusrenewable fuels and oxygenates production plus processing gain plus net importsminus stock change plus adjustments. Total products supplied include naturalgas plant liquids, unfinished oils, aviation gasoline blending components, andfinished petroleum products. Crude oil burned on leases and at pipeline stationswas reported as product supplied for either distillate fuel oil or residual fuel oiluntil January 1983. From January 1983 through December 2010, crude oil product supplied was reported based on quantities reported on Form EIA-813“Monthly Crude Oil Report.” Beginning with data for January 2010, reportingcrude oil used directly on Form EIA-813 was discontinued, and crude oil productsupplied was assumed equal to zero. The sector allocation of product supplied inTables 5.13a-5.13d for products used in more than one sector is derived fromsales to ultimate consumers by refiners, marketers, distributors, and dealers (seeU.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) report Fuel Oil and KeroseneSales) and from EIA electric power sector petroleum consumption data (seeTables 8.7b and 8.7c).Note 2. Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics. Beginning in January 1981, several U.S. Energy Information Administrationsurvey forms and calculation methodologies were changed to reflect new developments in refinery and blending plant practices and to improve data integrity. Those

changes affect production and product supplied statistics for motor gasoline, distillatefuel oil, and residual fuel oil, and stocks of motor gasoline. On the basis of thosechanges, motor gasoline production during the last half of 1980 would have averaged289 thousand barrels per day higher than that which was published on the old basis.Distillate and residual fuel oil production and product supplied for all of 1980 wouldhave averaged, respectively, 105 thousand and 54 thousand barrels per day higher thanthe numbers that were published. A new adjustment was introduced for calculatingfinished motor gasoline product supplied beginning with data for January 1993. Thenew adjustment transferred product supplied for motor gasoline blending components and fuel ethanol to supply of finished motor gasoline. Applying the new

gasoline adjustment method to gasoline product supthe reported quantity 108 thousand barrels per day thousand barrels per day to 7,376 thousand barrels peNote 3. Gross Input to Distillation Units. The mto Distillation Units (GIDU) in this report are as follestimated by summing annual crude oil runs to stilrefineries, and shipments of natural gasoline and plaprocessing plants to refineries; for 1967-1973, GIDannual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished oil rerungasoline and plant condensate; for 1974-1980, GIDU for 1981 forward, GIDU is the sum of reported monthNote 4. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Pricpurchase prices were derived as follows: for 1domestic first purchase values as reported by Statthe Bureau of Mines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted of major first purchasers’ purchases; for 1976 forw

first purchasers’ purchases.

Note 5. Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices. for 1956 through 1987 were formerly published i

Those data, in cents per gallon, are: 1956—151959—15.3; 1960—15.0; 1961—15.6; 1962—151965—16.0; 1966—16.4; 1967—16.9; 1968—171971—19.6; 1972—19.7; 1973—22.8; 1974—361977—46.0; 1978—49.0; 1979—70.4; 1980—97.41983—107.8; 1984—109.1; 1985—105.3; 1986—sources of these data are: 1956-1974—Bureau of LabIndexes of Fuels and Utilities for Residential 1975–September 1977—Federal Energy Administr“No. 2 Heating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Repo1977—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIAing Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Report”; 1978 forwing Annual, Table 15.

174 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
6. Natu
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Figure 6.0 Natural Gas Flow, 2011

(Trillion Cubic Feet)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

1 Includes natural gas gross withdrawals from coalbed wells and shale gas wells.2 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources.3 Lease and plant fuel, and other industrial.

4 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (pri

the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small qua

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived 

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Sources: Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.5.
Figure 6.1 Natural Gas Overview

Overview, 1949-2011 Overview, 2011Storage Additions and Withdrawals, 1949-2011178 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20111 Dry gas.2 Underground storage. For 1980-2010, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground

tanks.

Source: Table 6.1.

Production1

Net Imports

Consumption

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

-5

05

1015202530

-5

Trillion Cubic Feet

23.0

3.5

Production1 Imports Ex

05

1015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0

1

2

34

Trillion Cubic Feet
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Dry Gas

Production

Supplemental

Gaseous Fuels 2

Trade Storage 1 Activity

Balancing 

Imports Exports Net Imports 3 Withdrawals Additions Net Withdrawals 4

1949 5,195 NA 0 20 -20 106 172 -66 -139 1950 6,022 NA 0 26 -26 175 230 -54 -175 1955 9,029 NA 11 31 -20 437 505 -68 -247 1960 12,228 NA 156 11 144 713 844 -132 -274 1965 15,286 NA 456 26 430 960 1,078 -118 -319 1970 21,014 NA 821 70 751 1,459 1,857 -398 -228 1975 19,236 NA 953 73 880 1,760 2,104 -344 -235 1976 19,098 NA 964 65 899 1,921 1,756 165 -216 1977 19,163 NA 1,011 56 955 1,750 2,307 -557 -41 1978 19,122 NA 966 53 913 2,158 2,278 -120 -287 1979 19,663 NA 1,253 56 1,198 2,047 2,295 -248 -372 1980 19,403 155 985 49 936 1,972 1,949 23 -640 1981 19,181 176 904 59 845 1,930 2,228 -297 -500 1982 17,820 145 933 52 882 2,164 2,472 -308 -537 1983 16,094 132 918 55 864 2,270 1,822 447 -703 1984 17,466 110 843 55 788 2,098 2,295 -197 -217 1985 16,454 126 950 55 894 2,397 2,163 235 -428 1986 16,059 113 750 61 689 1,837 1,984 -147 -493 1987 16,621 101 993 54 939 1,905 1,911 -6 -444 1988 17,103 101 1,294 74 1,220 2,270 2,211 59 -453 1989 17,311 107 1,382 107 1,275 2,854 2,528 326 101 1990 17,810 123 1,532 86 1,447 1,986 2,499 -513 307 1991 17,698 113 1,773 129 1,644 2,752 2,672 80 27 1992 17,840 118 2,138 216 1,921 2,772 2,599 173 176 1993 18,095 119 2,350 140 2,210 2,799 2,835 -36 401 1994 18,821 111 2,624 162 2,462 2,579 2,865 -286 139 1995 18,599 110 2,841 154 2,687 3,025 2,610 415 396 1996 18,854 109 2,937 153 2,784 2,981 2,979 2 860 1997 18,902 103 2,994 157 2,837 2,894 2,870 24 871 1998 19,024 102 3,152 159 2,993 2,432 2,961 -530 657 1999 18,832 98 3,586 163 3,422 2,808 2,636 172 -119 2000 19,182 90 3,782 244 3,538 3,550 2,721 829 R-306 2001 19,616 86 3,977 373 3,604 2,344 3,510 -1,166 99 2002 18,928 68 4,015 516 3,499 3,180 2,713 467 R65 2003 19,099 68 3,944 680 3,264 3,161 3,358 -197 44 2004 18,591 60 4,259 854 3,404 3,088 3,202 -114 R461 2005 18,051 64 4,341 729 3,612 3,107 3,055 52 R236 2006 18,504 66 4,186 724 3,462 2,527 2,963 -436 R103 2007 19,266 63 4,608 822 3,785 3,375 3,183 192 R-203 2008 20,159 61 3,984 963 3,021 3,420 3,385 34 R2 2009 R20,624 65 3,751 1,072 2,679 3,007 3,362 -355 R-103 2010 R21,332 R65 R3,741 R1,137 R2,604 R3,311 R3,324 R-13 R-213 2011 E23,000 P61 P3,453 P1,507 P1,946 P3,175 P3,523 P-348 P-290 

1 Underground storage. For 1980–2010, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks. 2 See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. 3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 4 Net withdrawals equal withdrawals minus additions. Minus sign indicates additions are greater than

withdrawals.

5 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources. Since 1980, excludes

intransit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas delivered to its destination via theother country).

6 See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section. 7 For 1989–1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in

both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on Table 6.5. See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption,1989–1992," at end of section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a pressure base 

prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not eto independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#natural

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas fo1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/ for related information.

Sources: Dry Gas Production: Table 6.2. Supplemental Gaseous 

Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reNatural Gas Monthly (NGM) (March 2012), Table 1. Trade: Tab• 1949-2010—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 2011—EIA, NGM (March 2012Calculated as consumption minus dry gas production, supplemental gaseouwithdrawals. Consumption: Table 6.5. 
Figure 6.2 Natural Gas Production

Gross Withdrawals and Dry Gas Production, 1949-2011 Production Flow, 2011

(Trillion Cubic Feet)Gross Withdrawals by Well Type, 2011

180 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Dry Gas Production

1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to petroleum supply. 2 Includes natural gas gross withdrawals from coalbed wells a

Source: Table 6.2.

Gross Withdrawals

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

05

1015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet

22.4

Natural Gas Wells2 

0

102030

Trillion Cubic Feet
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals

Repressuring

Nonhydrocarbon

Gases Removed

Vented

and Flared

Marketed

Production

Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells Coalbed Wells Shale Gas Wells Total 

1949 4,986 2,561 NA NA 7,547 1,273 NA 854 5,420 1950 5,603 2,876 NA NA 8,480 1,397 NA 801 6,282 1955 7,842 3,878 NA NA 11,720 1,541 NA 774 9,405 1960 10,853 4,234 NA NA 15,088 1,754 NA 563 12,771 1965 13,524 4,440 NA NA 17,963 1,604 NA 319 16,040 1970 18,595 5,192 NA NA 23,786 1,376 NA 489 21,921 1975 17,380 3,723 NA NA 21,104 861 NA 134 20,109 1976 17,191 3,753 NA NA 20,944 859 NA 132 19,952 1977 17,416 3,681 NA NA 21,097 935 NA 137 20,025 1978 17,394 3,915 NA NA 21,309 1,181 NA 153 19,974 1979 18,034 3,849 NA NA 21,883 1,245 NA 167 20,471 1980 17,573 4,297 NA NA 21,870 1,365 199 125 20,180 1981 17,337 4,251 NA NA 21,587 1,312 222 98 19,956 1982 15,809 4,463 NA NA 20,272 1,388 208 93 18,582 1983 14,153 4,506 NA NA 18,659 1,458 222 95 16,884 1984 15,513 4,754 NA NA 20,267 1,630 224 108 18,304 1985 14,535 5,071 NA NA 19,607 1,915 326 95 17,270 1986 14,154 4,977 NA NA 19,131 1,838 337 98 16,859 1987 14,807 5,333 NA NA 20,140 2,208 376 124 17,433 1988 15,467 5,532 NA NA 20,999 2,478 460 143 17,918 1989 15,709 5,366 NA NA 21,074 2,475 362 142 18,095 1990 16,054 5,469 NA NA 21,523 2,489 289 150 18,594 1991 16,018 5,732 NA NA 21,750 2,772 276 170 18,532 1992 16,165 5,967 NA NA 22,132 2,973 280 168 18,712 1993 16,691 6,035 NA NA 22,726 3,103 414 227 18,982 1994 17,351 6,230 NA NA 23,581 3,231 412 228 19,710 1995 17,282 6,462 NA NA 23,744 3,565 388 284 19,506 1996 17,737 6,376 NA NA 24,114 3,511 518 272 19,812 1997 17,844 6,369 NA NA 24,213 3,492 599 256 19,866 1998 17,729 6,380 NA NA 24,108 3,427 617 103 19,961 1999 17,590 6,233 NA NA 23,823 3,293 615 110 19,805 2000 17,726 6,448 NA NA 24,174 3,380 505 91 20,198 2001 18,129 6,371 NA NA 24,501 3,371 463 97 20,570 2002 17,795 6,146 NA NA 23,941 3,455 502 99 19,885 2003 17,882 6,237 NA NA 24,119 3,548 499 98 19,974 2004 17,885 6,084 NA NA 23,970 3,702 654 96 19,517 2005 17,472 5,985 NA NA 23,457 3,700 711 119 18,927 2006 17,996 5,539 NA NA 23,535 3,265 731 129 19,410 2007 17,065 5,818 1,780 NA 24,664 3,663 661 143 20,196 2008 15,618 5,747 1,986 2,284 25,636 3,639 719 167 21,112 2009 R14,885 R5,812 1,977 3,384 R26,057 3,522 722 165 R21,648 2010 2,R20,841 R5,995 2 ( ) 2 ( ) R26,836 R3,432 R837 R166 R22,402 2011 E22,378 E6,199 2 ( ) 2 ( ) P28,576 E3,410 E831 E165 E24,170 

1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to

petroleum supply (see Tables 5.1b and 5.10).

2 Beginning in 2010, natural gas gross withdrawals from coalbed wells and shale gas wells are included

in "Natural Gas Wells."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Beginning with 1965 data, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. 

For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas for updated monthly and

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#n

1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/ for related information

Sources: Natural Gas Wells, Crude Oil Wells, Coal

• 1949-1966—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural GaInformation Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), anbased on previous year’s data. Total Gross Withdrawals, MarkDry Gas Production: • 1949-2006—EIA, NGA, annual reportMonthly (March 2012), Table 1. All Other Data: • 1949-2010—estimates based on previous year’s data.
Figure 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports

Trade Overview, 1949-2011Trade, 2011 Net Imports as Share of Consumption, 1958-20182 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas in 1973, 1977, and 1981.2 By pipeline.3 As liquefied natural gas.

4 By pipeline from Mexico, and as liquefied natural gas from 

and Yemen. 5 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied nat

Source: Table 6.3.

and

Tobago3

Imports by Selected Country of Origin

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

5

3.10

0.13 0.22

0.94

0.50

0.02

Canada2 Trinidad Canada2 Mexico Japan3

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 199

05

101520

Percent

Other

4

Exports by Selected

Country of Destination
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Imports by Country of Origin Exports by Country of Destination 

Algeria 2 Canada 3 Egypt 2 Mexico 3 Nigeria 2 Qatar 2

Trinidad

and Tobago 2 Other 2,4 Total Canada 3 Japan 2 Mexico 3 Other 2,5 Total 

1949 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (s) 0 20 0 20 1950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 23 0 26 1955 0 11 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 11 11 0 20 0 31 1960 0 109 0 47 0 0 0 0 156 6 0 6 0 11 1965 0 405 0 52 0 0 0 0 456 18 0 8 0 26 1970 1 779 0 41 0 0 0 0 821 11 44 15 0 70 1975 5 948 0 0 0 0 0 0 953 10 53 9 0 73 1976 10 954 0 0 0 0 0 0 964 8 50 7 0 65 1977 11 997 0 2 0 0 0 0 1,011 (s) 52 4 0 56 1978 84 881 0 0 0 0 0 0 966 (s) 48 4 0 53 1979 253 1,001 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,253 (s) 51 4 0 56 1980 86 797 0 102 0 0 0 0 985 (s) 45 4 0 49 1981 37 762 0 105 0 0 0 0 904 (s) 56 3 0 59 1982 55 783 0 95 0 0 0 0 933 (s) 50 2 0 52 1983 131 712 0 75 0 0 0 0 918 (s) 53 2 0 55 1984 36 755 0 52 0 0 0 0 843 (s) 53 2 0 55 1985 24 926 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 (s) 53 2 0 55 1986 0 749 0 0 0 0 0 2 750 9 50 2 0 61 1987 0 993 0 0 0 0 0 0 993 3 49 2 0 54 1988 17 1,276 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,294 20 52 2 0 74 1989 42 1,339 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,382 38 51 17 0 107 1990 84 1,448 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,532 17 53 16 0 86 1991 64 1,710 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,773 15 54 60 0 129 1992 43 2,094 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,138 68 53 96 0 216 1993 82 2,267 0 2 0 0 0 0 2,350 45 56 40 0 140 1994 51 2,566 0 7 0 0 0 0 2,624 53 63 47 0 162 1995 18 2,816 0 7 0 0 0 0 2,841 28 65 61 0 154 1996 35 2,883 0 14 0 0 0 5 2,937 52 68 34 0 153 1997 66 2,899 0 17 0 0 0 12 2,994 56 62 38 0 157 1998 69 3,052 0 15 0 0 0 17 3,152 40 66 53 0 159 1999 76 3,368 0 55 0 20 51 17 3,586 39 64 61 0 163 2000 47 3,544 0 12 13 46 99 21 3,782 73 66 106 0 244 2001 65 3,729 0 10 38 23 98 14 3,977 167 66 141 0 373 2002 27 3,785 0 2 8 35 151 8 4,015 189 63 263 0 516 2003 53 3,437 0 0 50 14 378 11 3,944 271 66 343 0 680 2004 120 3,607 0 0 12 12 462 46 4,259 395 62 397 0 854 2005 97 3,700 73 9 8 3 439 11 4,341 358 65 305 0 729 2006 17 3,590 120 13 57 0 389 0 4,186 341 61 322 0 724 2007 77 3,783 115 54 95 18 448 18 4,608 482 47 292 2 822 2008 0 3,589 55 43 12 3 267 15 3,984 559 39 365 0 963 2009 0 3,271 160 28 13 13 236 29 3,751 701 31 338 3 1,072 2010 0 R3,280 73 30 42 46 190 81 R3,741 R739 33 333 32 R1,137 2011P 0 3,102 35 3 2 91 129 92 3,453 937 18 500 52 1,507 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 2 As liquefied natural gas. 3 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas imported from Canada in 1973,

1977, and 1981, and exported to Mexico beginning in 1998.

4 Australia in 1997–2001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007; Indonesia in 1986 and

2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 2002–2005; Norway in 2008 forward; Oman in 2000–2005; Peru in 2010 and2011; United Arab Emirates in 1996–2000; Yemen in 2010 and 2011; and Other (unassigned) in 2004.

5 Brazil in 2010 and 2011; Chile in 2011; China in 2011; India in 2010 and 2011; Russia in 2007; South

Korea in 2009 forward; Spain in 2010 and 2011; and United Kingdom in 2010 and 2011.

6 Not meaningful because there were net exports during this year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#natu

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalga1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/ for related information.

Sources: Percent of U.S. Consumption: Calculated by dividing natura

gas consumption—see Table 6.1. All Other Data: • 1949-1954—U.S. E(EIA) estimates based on Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural GaFederal Power Commission, by telephone. • 1972-1987—EIA, Form Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas." • 1988-2009—EIA, Natur• 2010 and 2011—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March 2012), Tables 4 and 5
Figure 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2011

Gross Withdrawals by Location Number of Producing WellsGross Withdrawals by State and Federal Gulf of Mexico Natural Gas Well Average Productivity184 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

05

101520253035

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative) 1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico;

beginning in 1997, these are included in “Federal Gulf of Mexico.”

2 Gulf of Mexico.

Source: Table 6.4.

Onshore

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 199

0

100200300400500600

Thousands Offshore

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

05

1015

Trillion Cubic Feet Louisiana1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 199

0

100200300400500

Thousand Cubic Feet per Day per Well

Other States1

Texas1

Federal 

GOM2

Oklahoma
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1960-2011

Year

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals From Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Coalbed, and Shale Gas Wells Natural Gas We

Texas 1 Louisiana 1 Oklahoma

Other

States 1

Federal

Gulf of

Mexico 2 Total Onshore

Offshore

Total

Gross Withdrawals From

Natural Gas Wells 3

Produ

Well

Federal State Total 

Billion Cubic Feet Billion Cubic Feet Billion Cubic Feet Thous

1960 6,965 3,313 1,133 3,677 2 ( ) 15,088 14,815 273 NA 273 15,088 10,853 91965 7,741 4,764 1,414 4,044 2 ( ) 17,963 17,318 646 NA 646 17,963 13,524 111966 7,935 5,365 1,502 4,232 2 ( ) 19,034 18,026 1,007 NA 1,007 19,034 13,894 111967 8,292 6,087 1,621 4,252 2 ( ) 20,252 19,065 1,187 NA 1,187 20,252 15,345 111968 8,566 6,778 1,607 4,375 2 ( ) 21,325 19,801 1,524 NA 1,524 21,325 16,540 111969 8,915 7,561 1,742 4,462 2 ( ) 22,679 20,725 1,954 NA 1,954 22,679 17,489 111970 9,399 8,076 1,811 4,501 2 ( ) 23,786 21,368 2,419 NA 2,419 23,786 18,595 111971 9,519 8,319 1,809 4,442 2 ( ) 24,088 21,311 2,777 NA 2,777 24,088 18,925 111972 9,550 8,160 1,928 4,378 2 ( ) 24,016 20,978 3,039 NA 3,039 24,016 19,043 121973 9,290 8,491 1,890 4,396 2 ( ) 24,067 20,856 3,212 NA 3,212 24,067 19,372 121974 8,859 7,920 1,757 4,314 2 ( ) 22,850 19,335 3,515 NA 3,515 22,850 18,669 121975 7,989 7,242 1,721 4,152 2 ( ) 21,104 17,555 3,549 NA 3,549 21,104 17,380 131976 7,666 7,143 1,842 4,293 2 ( ) 20,944 17,348 3,596 NA 3,596 20,944 17,191 131977 7,496 7,351 1,888 4,362 2 ( ) 21,097 17,165 3,932 NA 3,932 21,097 17,416 141978 6,988 7,639 1,892 4,790 2 ( ) 21,309 R16,197 4,356 756 R5,111 21,309 17,394 151979 7,594 7,359 1,958 4,973 2 ( ) 21,883 R16,280 4,822 781 R5,603 21,883 18,034 171980 7,656 7,008 2,019 5,187 2 ( ) 21,870 R16,220 4,902 748 R5,650 21,870 17,573 181981 7,452 6,830 2,019 5,287 2 ( ) 21,587 R15,894 4,991 703 R5,693 21,587 17,337 191982 6,976 6,217 1,985 5,094 2 ( ) 20,272 R14,806 4,773 693 R5,466 20,272 15,809 211983 6,429 5,379 1,780 5,071 2 ( ) 18,659 R13,924 4,182 553 R4,735 18,659 14,153 221984 6,712 5,888 2,046 5,620 2 ( ) 20,267 R15,046 4,707 513 R5,220 20,267 15,513 231985 6,577 5,218 1,993 5,818 2 ( ) 19,607 R14,975 4,186 446 R4,632 19,607 14,535 241986 6,656 4,965 1,972 5,538 2 ( ) 19,131 R14,542 4,186 403 R4,589 19,131 14,154 241987 6,688 5,205 2,073 6,174 2 ( ) 20,140 R15,062 4,672 406 R5,078 20,140 14,807 241988 6,919 5,248 2,167 6,665 2 ( ) 20,999 R15,818 4,747 434 R5,181 20,999 15,467 251989 6,881 5,143 2,237 6,813 2 ( ) 21,074 R15,843 4,771 460 R5,231 21,074 15,709 261990 6,907 5,303 2,258 7,054 2 ( ) 21,523 R16,013 5,047 463 R5,509 21,523 16,054 R271991 6,846 5,100 2,154 7,651 2 ( ) 21,750 R16,442 4,850 459 R5,308 21,750 16,018 R271992 6,708 4,977 2,017 8,429 2 ( ) 22,132 R16,808 4,772 552 R5,324 22,132 16,165 R271993 6,817 5,047 2,050 8,812 2 ( ) 22,726 R17,352 4,766 607 R5,373 22,726 16,691 281994 6,912 5,226 1,935 9,508 2 ( ) 23,581 R17,880 4,996 704 R5,701 23,581 17,351 291995 6,873 5,163 1,812 9,896 2 ( ) 23,744 R18,312 4,942 490 R5,432 23,744 17,282 291996 7,028 5,351 1,735 9,999 2 ( ) 24,114 R18,270 5,246 597 R5,844 24,114 17,737 301997 15,730 11,538 1,704 19,999 5,242 24,213 R18,306 5,316 591 R5,906 24,213 17,844 311998 5,799 1,579 1,669 9,950 5,110 24,108 R18,308 5,185 615 R5,801 24,108 17,729 311999 5,575 1,599 1,594 10,002 5,053 23,823 R18,133 5,131 559 R5,689 23,823 17,590 302000 5,723 1,485 1,613 10,386 4,968 24,174 R18,474 5,044 656 R5,699 24,174 17,726 342001 5,752 1,525 1,615 10,542 5,066 24,501 R18,685 5,137 679 R5,816 24,501 18,129 372002 5,661 1,382 1,582 10,769 4,548 23,941 R18,629 4,615 697 R5,312 23,941 17,795 382003 5,791 1,378 1,558 10,944 4,447 24,119 R18,903 4,505 710 R5,216 24,119 17,882 392004 5,734 1,377 1,656 11,202 4,001 23,970 R19,233 4,055 681 R4,736 23,970 17,885 402005 6,007 1,310 1,639 11,350 3,151 23,457 R19,567 3,205 685 R3,890 23,457 17,472 422006 6,326 1,378 1,689 11,227 2,914 23,535 R19,951 2,955 630 R3,584 23,535 17,996 442007 6,961 1,383 1,784 11,723 2,813 24,664 R21,187 2,859 618 R3,477 24,664 3,R18,845 452008 7,801 1,388 1,887 12,231 2,330 25,636 R22,608 2,375 654 R3,029 25,636 R19,889 472009 7,654 1,559 R1,902 12,499 2,444 R26,057 R22,985 2,485 587 R3,072 R26,057 R20,245 492010 R7,594 R2,218 1,827 R12,938 2,259 R26,836 R23,960 2,300 576 R2,876 R26,836 R20,841 R482011 P7,931 P3,060 P1,899 P13,855 P1,830 P28,576 E26,152 E1,868 E556 E2,424 P28,576 E22,378 E50

1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico; beginning

in 1997, these are included in "Federal Gulf of Mexico." 2 Gross withdrawals from Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico. Through 1996, these grosswithdrawals are included in "Texas," "Louisiana," and "Other States."

3 Beginning in 2007, includes natural gas gross withdrawals from coalbed wells, and beginning in 2008,

from shale gas wells. 4 As of December 31.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginning in

1960. • For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.

Sources: Total (Gross Withdrawals): • 1960-2006—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),

Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 2007 forward—EIA, Natura

Table 1. Total (Offshore): • 1960-1981—U.S. Geological Survey.• Management Service, Mineral Revenues—The 1989 Report on Receipts from and predecessor annual reports. • 1986-2010—EIA, NGA, annual reports gross withdrawals minus onshore withdrawals. State (Offshore) • 1960-2010—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 2011—EIA estimates baseEnvironmental Enforcement and State reports and websites. Average Produwithdrawals from natural gas wells divided by the number of producing wnumber of days in the year. All Other Data: • 1960-1966—Bureau of MinesConsumption. • 1967-2010—EIA, NGA, annual reports and unpublisheestimates based on previous year’s data.
Figure 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2011By Sector, 2011 Sector Shares, 1950 and 2011186 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Lease and plant fuel, and other industrial.3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

4 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primar

the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantitSource: Table 6.5.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0

2

468

10

12

Trillion Cubic Feet

4.7

3.2

8.2

0.7

7.6

Residential Commercial1 Transportation Electric

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet

Industrial1, 2 4

19

13

33

21

7

59

Residential Commercial1 

0

255075

Percent

Industrial1, 2

Power3 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Residential

Sector

Commercial Sector Industrial Sector Transportation Sector Electric Power 

CHP 

2 Other 3 Total

Lease and

Plant Fuel

Other Industrial

Total

Pipelines 6

and Distribution 7 Vehicle Fuel 8 Total Electricity CHP Only CHP 

4 Non-CHP 5 Total

1949 993 9 ( ) 348 348 835 10 ( ) 2,245 2,245 3,081 NA NA NA 550 NA 1950 1,198 9 ( ) 388 388 928 10 ( ) 2,498 2,498 3,426 126 NA 126 629 NA 1955 2,124 9 ( ) 629 629 1,131 10 ( ) 3,411 3,411 4,542 245 NA 245 1,153 NA 1960 3,103 9 ( ) 1,020 1,020 1,237 10 ( ) 4,535 4,535 5,771 347 NA 347 1,725 NA 1965 3,903 9 ( ) 1,444 1,444 1,156 10 ( ) 5,955 5,955 7,112 501 NA 501 2,321 NA 1970 4,837 9 ( ) 2,399 2,399 1,399 10 ( ) 7,851 7,851 9,249 722 NA 722 3,932 NA 1975 4,924 9 ( ) 2,508 2,508 1,396 10 ( ) 6,968 6,968 8,365 583 NA 583 3,158 NA 1976 5,051 9 ( ) 2,668 2,668 1,634 10 ( ) 6,964 6,964 8,598 548 NA 548 3,081 NA 1977 4,821 9 ( ) 2,501 2,501 1,659 10 ( ) 6,815 6,815 8,474 533 NA 533 3,191 NA 1978 4,903 9 ( ) 2,601 2,601 1,648 10 ( ) 6,757 6,757 8,405 530 NA 530 3,188 NA 1979 4,965 9 ( ) 2,786 2,786 1,499 10 ( ) 6,899 6,899 8,398 601 NA 601 3,491 NA 1980 4,752 9 ( ) 2,611 2,611 1,026 10 ( ) 7,172 7,172 8,198 635 NA 635 3,682 NA 1981 4,546 9 ( ) 2,520 2,520 928 10 ( ) 7,128 7,128 8,055 642 NA 642 3,640 NA 1982 4,633 9 ( ) 2,606 2,606 1,109 10 ( ) 5,831 5,831 6,941 596 NA 596 3,226 NA 1983 4,381 9 ( ) 2,433 2,433 978 10 ( ) 5,643 5,643 6,621 490 NA 490 2,911 NA 1984 4,555 9 ( ) 2,524 2,524 1,077 10 ( ) 6,154 6,154 7,231 529 NA 529 3,111 NA 1985 4,433 9 ( ) 2,432 2,432 966 10 ( ) 5,901 5,901 6,867 504 NA 504 3,044 NA 1986 4,314 9 ( ) 2,318 2,318 923 10 ( ) 5,579 5,579 6,502 485 NA 485 2,602 NA 1987 4,315 9 ( ) 2,430 2,430 1,149 10 ( ) 5,953 5,953 7,103 519 NA 519 2,844 NA 1988 4,630 9 ( ) 2,670 2,670 1,096 10 ( ) 6,383 6,383 7,479 614 NA 614 2,636 NA 1989 4,781 30 2,688 2,718 1,070 914 115,903 116,816 7,886 629 NA 629 112,791 11315 1990 4,391 46 2,576 2,623 1,236 1,055 115,963 117,018 8,255 660 (s) 660 112,794 11451 1991 4,556 52 2,676 2,729 1,129 1,061 116,170 117,231 8,360 601 (s) 602 112,822 11494 1992 4,690 62 2,740 2,803 1,171 1,107 116,420 117,527 8,698 588 2 590 112,829 11619 1993 4,956 65 2,796 2,862 1,172 1,124 6,576 7,700 8,872 624 3 627 2,755 718 1994 4,848 72 2,823 2,895 1,124 1,176 6,613 7,790 8,913 685 3 689 3,065 838 1995 4,850 78 2,953 3,031 1,220 1,258 6,906 8,164 9,384 700 5 705 3,288 949 1996 5,241 82 3,076 3,158 1,250 1,289 7,146 8,435 9,685 711 6 718 2,824 983 1997 4,984 87 3,128 3,215 1,203 1,282 7,229 8,511 9,714 751 8 760 3,039 1,026 1998 4,520 87 2,912 2,999 1,173 1,355 6,965 8,320 9,493 635 9 645 3,544 1,044 1999 4,726 84 2,961 3,045 1,079 1,401 6,678 8,079 9,158 645 12 657 3,729 1,090 2000 4,996 85 3,098 3,182 1,151 1,386 6,757 8,142 9,293 642 13 655 4,093 1,114 2001 4,771 79 2,944 3,023 1,119 1,310 6,035 7,344 8,463 625 15 640 4,164 1,178 2002 4,889 74 3,070 3,144 1,113 1,240 R6,287 R7,527 R8,640 667 15 682 4,258 1,413 2003 5,079 58 3,121 3,179 1,122 1,144 6,007 7,150 8,273 591 18 610 3,780 1,355 2004 4,869 72 3,057 3,129 1,098 1,191 R6,066 R7,256 R8,354 566 21 587 4,142 1,322 2005 4,827 68 2,931 2,999 1,112 1,084 R5,518 R6,601 R7,713 584 23 607 4,592 1,277 2006 4,368 68 2,764 2,832 1,142 1,115 R5,412 R6,527 R7,669 584 24 608 5,091 1,131 2007 4,722 70 2,943 3,013 1,226 1,050 R5,604 R6,655 R7,881 621 25 646 5,612 1,230 2008 4,892 66 3,086 3,153 1,220 955 R5,715 R6,670 R7,890 648 26 674 5,520 1,148 2009 R4,779 76 3,043 3,119 1,275 990 R5,178 6,167 R7,443 R670 R27 R697 5,751 1,122 2010 R4,787 R86 R3,016 R3,102 R1,282 R1,029 R5,488 R6,517 R7,800 R669 R31 R700 R6,239 R1,148 2011P 4,735 81 3,080 3,161 1,383 1,024 5,746 6,769 8,153 686 33 718 6,440 1,162 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."

2 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants. 3 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 5 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and "Industrial CHP." 6 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors. 7 Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers. 8 Vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.5. See Note 4, "Natural Gas VehicleFuel," at end of section.

9 Included in "Commercial Other."

10 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."11 For 1989–1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in

both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989–1992,"at end of section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet. Notes: • Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. • See Tables 8.5a–8.5d 

used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a–8.6c for the amount of natural thermal output. • See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of sectionvolumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For prior y14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to inde

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalg

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas fo1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/ for related information.

Sources: Residential, Commercial Total, Lease and Plant Fuel, O

Pipelines and Distribution: • 1949-2006—U.S. Energy Information AdmAnnual (NGA), annual reports and unpublished revisions. • 2007 forward(NGM) (March 2012), Table 2. Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table and 1991—EIA, NGA 2000 (November 2001), Table 95. • 1992-1998—EIATransportation Fuels 1999" (October 1999), Table 10, and "Alternatives to Tra2003" (February 2004), Table 10. Data for compressed natural gas agasoline-equivalent gallons were converted to cubic feet by multiplying by thfactor (see Table A3) and dividing by the natural gas end-use sectors conv• 1999-2006—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 2007 forward—EIA, NGM (MaPower Sector: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: Calculate
Figure 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, End of Year

Total (Base Gas and Working Gas) Underground Storage, Underground Storage Capacity, 1975-20111954-2011Base Gas and Working Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2011188 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20111 Working-gas and base-gas data were not collected in 1959, 1960, and 1961. Source: Table 6.6.

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 200

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, Selected Years, End of Year 1954-2011

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Natural Gas in Underground Storage

Base Gas 1 Working Gas Total

Salt Caverns

Other Than

Salt Caverns 2 Total Salt Caverns

Other Than

Salt Caverns 2 Total Salt Caverns

Other Than

Salt Caverns 2 Total

1954 NA NA 817 NA NA 465 NA NA 1,281 1955 NA NA 863 NA NA 505 NA NA 1,368 1960 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2,184 1961 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2,344 1962 NA NA 1,571 NA NA 933 NA NA 2,504 1963 NA NA 1,738 NA NA 1,007 NA NA 2,745 1964 NA NA 1,781 NA NA 1,159 NA NA 2,940 1965 NA NA 1,848 NA NA 1,242 NA NA 3,090 1966 NA NA 1,958 NA NA 1,267 NA NA 3,225 1967 NA NA 2,058 NA NA 1,318 NA NA 3,376 1968 NA NA 2,128 NA NA 1,366 NA NA 3,495 1969 NA NA 2,181 NA NA 1,421 NA NA 3,602 1970 NA NA 2,326 NA NA 1,678 NA NA 4,004 1971 NA NA 2,485 NA NA 1,840 NA NA 4,325 1972 NA NA 2,751 NA NA 1,729 NA NA 4,480 1973 NA NA 2,864 NA NA 2,034 NA NA 4,898 1974 NA NA 2,912 NA NA 2,050 NA NA 4,962 1975 NA NA 3,162 NA NA 2,212 NA NA 5,374 1976 NA NA 3,323 NA NA 1,926 NA NA 5,250 1977 NA NA 3,391 NA NA 2,475 NA NA 5,866 1978 NA NA 3,473 NA NA 2,547 NA NA 6,020 1979 NA NA 3,553 NA NA 2,753 NA NA 6,306 1980 NA NA 3,642 NA NA 2,655 NA NA 6,297 1981 NA NA 3,752 NA NA 2,817 NA NA 6,569 1982 NA NA 3,808 NA NA 3,071 NA NA 6,879 1983 NA NA 3,847 NA NA 2,595 NA NA 6,442 1984 NA NA 3,830 NA NA 2,876 NA NA 6,706 1985 NA NA 3,842 NA NA 2,607 NA NA 6,448 1986 NA NA 3,819 NA NA 2,749 NA NA 6,567 1987 NA NA 3,792 NA NA 2,756 NA NA 6,548 1988 NA NA 3,800 NA NA 2,850 NA NA 6,650 1989 NA NA 3,812 NA NA 2,513 NA NA 6,325 1990 NA NA 3,868 NA NA 3,068 NA NA 6,936 1991 NA NA 3,954 NA NA 2,824 NA NA 6,778 1992 NA NA 4,044 NA NA 2,597 NA NA 6,641 1993 NA NA 4,327 NA NA 2,322 NA NA 6,649 1994 44 4,317 4,360 70 2,536 2,606 113 6,853 6,966 1995 60 4,290 4,349 72 2,082 2,153 131 6,371 6,503 1996 64 4,277 4,341 85 2,087 2,173 149 6,364 6,513 1997 67 4,283 4,350 83 2,092 2,175 150 6,375 6,525 1998 67 4,259 4,326 104 2,626 2,730 171 6,884 7,056 1999 69 4,314 4,383 100 2,423 2,523 169 6,738 6,906 2000 70 4,282 4,352 72 1,647 1,719 142 5,929 6,071 2001 77 4,224 4,301 115 2,789 2,904 191 7,013 7,204 2002 75 4,265 4,340 102 2,273 2,375 177 6,539 6,715 2003 76 4,227 4,303 125 2,438 2,563 201 6,665 6,866 2004 72 4,129 4,201 98 2,598 2,696 170 6,727 6,897 2005 78 4,122 4,200 123 2,513 2,635 201 6,635 6,835 2006 77 4,134 4,211 144 2,926 3,070 222 7,059 7,281 2007 80 4,154 4,234 123 2,756 2,879 203 6,910 7,113 2008 86 4,146 4,232 154 2,686 2,840 240 6,832 7,073 2009 116 4,161 4,277 186 2,944 3,130 302 7,105 7,407 2010 135 R4,166 R4,301 R220 R2,891 R3,111 R355 R7,057 7,412 2011P 142 4,163 4,305 308 3,154 3,462 451 7,317 7,767 

1 Includes native gas. 2 Depleted fields, aquifers, and other types of storage not using salt formations. 3 Includes both active and inactive fields.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For

prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of components dueto independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas for updated monthly and

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all annual data beginning in

1954. • See http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/ for related information.

Sources: • 1954-1974—American Gas Association, Gas Facts. • 

Administration, Form FEA-G318-M-O, "Underground Gas Storage ReCommission, Form FPC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." • 1979-19Administration (EIA), Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and Commission, Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." • 19Monthly (NGM), monthly reports, and Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. • (March 2012), Tables 8, 10, and 11, and Form EIA-191M, "Monthly Undergrou
Figure 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, Citygate, and Imports Prices

Wellhead, Citygate, and Imports, 2011 Wellhead, Citygate, and Imports, 1949-2011Wellhead, 1949-2011 Imports, 1972-2011190 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators

in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

Source: Table 6.7.

Imports

3.95

5.62

4.23

Wellhead Citygate Imports

0

2

46

Nominal Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet W

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0369

12

Nominal Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

10

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real2

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0369

12

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real2

Nominal1 Nominal1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, Citygate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)

Year

Wellhead 1 Citygate 2 

Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 

1949 0.06 0.41 NA NA NA 1950 .07 .48 NA NA NA 1955 .10 .60 NA NA NA 1960 .14 .75 NA NA NA 1965 .16 .80 NA NA NA 1970 .17 .70 NA NA NA 1975 .44 1.31 NA NA 1.21 1976 .58 1.63 NA NA 1.72 1977 .79 2.09 NA NA 1.98 1978 .91 2.25 NA NA 2.13 1979 1.18 R2.69 NA NA 2.49 1980 1.59 3.33 NA NA 4.28 1981 1.98 3.79 NA NA 4.88 1982 2.46 4.44 NA NA 5.03 1983 2.59 R4.49 NA NA 4.78 1984 2.66 4.45 3.95 R6.60 4.08 1985 2.51 R4.07 3.75 R6.08 3.21 1986 1.94 3.08 3.22 R5.11 2.43 1987 1.67 2.58 2.87 4.43 1.95 1988 1.69 2.52 2.92 4.36 1.84 1989 1.69 2.43 3.01 4.33 1.82 1990 1.71 2.37 3.03 R4.19 1.94 1991 1.64 2.19 2.90 3.88 1.83 1992 1.74 2.27 3.01 3.93 1.85 1993 2.04 2.61 3.21 4.10 2.03 1994 1.85 R2.31 3.07 3.84 1.87 1995 1.55 1.90 2.78 3.41 1.49 1996 2.17 2.61 3.27 R3.93 1.97 1997 2.32 2.74 3.66 R4.32 2.17 1998 1.96 2.29 3.07 3.59 1.97 1999 2.19 2.52 3.10 3.57 2.24 2000 3.68 4.15 4.62 5.21 3.95 2001 4.00 4.41 5.72 R6.30 4.43 2002 2.95 3.20 4.12 4.47 3.15 2003 4.88 R5.18 5.85 R6.21 5.17 2004 5.46 5.64 6.65 6.87 5.81 2005 7.33 7.33 8.67 8.67 8.12 2006 6.39 6.19 8.61 8.34 6.88 2007 6.25 5.88 8.16 7.68 6.87 2008 7.97 7.34 9.18 8.45 8.70 2009 3.67 3.34 R6.48 R5.91 4.19 2010 R4.48 R4.04 R6.18 5.57 4.52 2011 E3.95 E3.48 P5.62 P4.96 P4.23 

1 See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. 2 See "Citygate" in Glossary. 3 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 4 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices for updated monthly and annual

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all annual data beginning in 1949.

• See http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/ for related information.

Sources: Wellhead and Citygate: • 1949-2006—U.S. Energy 

Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 2007 forward—EIA, NaTable 3. Imports: • 1972 and 1973—Federal Power CommissioNatural Gas—Imports and Exports of LNG. • 1974-1976—FPNatural Gas, annual reports. • 1977-2009—EIA, NGA, annual (March 2012), Tables 3 and 4. 
Figure 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector

Nominal1 Prices, 2011 Real6 Prices, Indexed, 1980-2011

Real6 Prices, 1967-2011

192 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20111 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Based on 95.7 percent of volume delivered. 3 Based on 62.3 percent of volume delivered.4 Based on 16.0 percent of volume delivered.

5 Based on 101.2 percent of volume delivered. For an expla

see Table 6.8, footnote 8.

6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domes

Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

Source: Table 6.8.

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.000.501.001.502.00

Index: 1980=1.00

ReCoInEl

10.80

8.86

5.02 4.87

Residential2 Commercial3 Industrial Electric

0369

12

Nominal1 Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet

4

Power

5

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

Electric Power

Vehicle Fuel

6

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 

0

2

468

10

12

14

Real (2005) Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, Selected Years, 1967-2011

 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector 1 Industrial Sector 2 Transportation Sector 

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Vehicle Fuel 4 Prices 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 No

1967 1.04 R4.92 NA 0.74 3.50 NA 0.34 1.61 NA NA NA 1970 1.09 4.48 NA .77 R3.16 NA .37 1.52 NA NA NA 1975 1.71 5.09 NA 1.35 4.02 NA .96 2.86 NA NA NA 1976 1.98 R5.57 NA 1.64 4.62 NA 1.24 3.49 NA NA NA 1977 2.35 R6.22 NA 2.04 5.40 NA 1.50 3.97 NA NA NA 1978 2.56 R6.33 NA 2.23 5.52 NA 1.70 R4.20 NA NA NA 1979 2.98 R6.80 NA 2.73 R6.23 NA 1.99 R4.54 NA NA NA 1980 3.68 R7.70 NA 3.39 R7.09 NA 2.56 5.36 NA NA NA 1981 4.29 8.21 NA 4.00 R7.65 NA 3.14 6.01 NA NA NA 1982 5.17 R9.32 NA 4.82 R8.69 NA 3.87 6.98 85.1 NA NA 1983 6.06 R10.51 NA 5.59 9.70 NA 4.18 R7.25 80.7 NA NA 1984 6.12 R10.23 NA 5.55 R9.28 NA 4.22 R7.05 74.7 NA NA 1985 6.12 R9.93 NA 5.50 R8.92 NA 3.95 6.41 68.8 NA NA 1986 5.83 9.26 NA 5.08 R8.06 NA 3.23 5.13 59.8 NA NA 1987 5.54 8.55 NA 4.77 R7.36 93.1 2.94 4.54 47.4 NA NA 1988 5.47 R8.16 NA 4.63 6.91 90.7 2.95 4.40 42.6 NA NA 1989 5.64 8.11 99.9 4.74 R6.81 89.1 2.96 R4.25 36.9 4.17 R5.99 1990 5.80 8.03 99.2 4.83 R6.68 86.6 2.93 R4.05 35.2 3.39 R4.69 1991 5.82 7.78 99.2 4.81 6.43 85.1 2.69 3.60 32.7 3.96 R5.29 1992 5.89 R7.69 99.1 4.88 R6.37 83.2 2.84 3.71 30.3 4.05 5.29 1993 6.16 7.87 99.1 5.22 6.67 83.9 3.07 3.92 29.7 4.27 R5.45 1994 6.41 R8.02 99.1 5.44 6.81 79.3 3.05 3.82 25.5 4.11 R5.14 1995 6.06 7.43 99.0 5.05 6.19 76.7 2.71 3.32 24.5 3.98 4.88 1996 6.34 R7.62 99.0 5.40 R6.49 77.6 3.42 R4.11 19.4 4.34 5.22 1997 6.94 R8.20 98.8 5.80 R6.85 70.8 3.59 R4.24 18.1 4.44 5.25 1998 6.82 R7.97 97.7 5.48 R6.40 67.0 3.14 3.67 16.1 4.59 R5.36 1999 6.69 R7.70 95.2 5.33 6.14 66.1 3.12 R3.59 18.8 4.34 5.00 2000 7.76 8.75 92.6 6.59 7.43 63.9 4.45 5.02 19.8 5.54 R6.24 2001 9.63 R10.61 92.4 8.43 R9.29 66.0 5.24 5.78 20.8 6.60 R7.27 2002 7.89 R8.56 97.9 6.63 R7.19 77.4 4.02 4.36 22.7 5.10 R5.53 2003 9.63 10.23 97.5 8.40 R8.92 78.2 5.89 6.26 22.1 6.19 R6.57 2004 10.75 11.11 97.7 9.43 9.74 78.0 6.53 6.75 R23.6 7.16 7.40 2005 12.70 12.70 R98.1 11.34 11.34 82.1 8.56 8.56 R24.0 9.14 9.14 2006 13.73 13.30 98.1 12.00 11.62 80.8 7.87 7.62 23.4 8.72 8.45 2007 13.08 12.31 98.0 11.34 R10.68 80.4 7.68 7.23 22.2 8.50 R8.01 2008 13.89 12.79 97.5 12.23 11.26 79.9 9.65 R8.89 20.5 11.75 10.82 2009 12.14 R11.06 97.4 10.06 R9.17 77.8 5.33 4.86 18.8 8.13 7.41 2010 R11.39 R10.26 R97.4 R9.47 R8.53 R77.5 R5.49 R4.95 R18.0 R6.25 R5.63 R2011P 10.80 9.53 95.7 8.86 7.82 62.3 5.02 4.43 16.0 NA NA 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants. 2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-onlyplants. 3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 2001, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. SeeNote 5, "Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural Gas Prices," at end of section.

4 Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to fueling stations that are used

primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the prices are often those associated with the cost of gas inthe operation of fleet vehicles. 5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

7 The percentage of the sector’s consumption in Table 6.5 for which price data are available. 8 Percentages exceed 100 percent when reported natural gas receipts are greater than reported natural gas consumption—this can occur when combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants report fuel receipts related

to non-electric generating activities.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. • The average for each end-use sector is calculated by dividing the total value of the natural gas consumed by each sector

by the total quantity consumed. • Prices are intended to include al

Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalga• See http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/ for related information.

Sources: Residential Percentage of Sector: • 1989-2006—

(EIA), Form EIA-176, "Annual Report of Natural and Supplem• 2007 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (March 2012), TAnnual (NGA), annual reports. Electric Power Percentage of Seas the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities reported oCost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants" (and predecenatural gas consumed by the electric power sector (for 1973-198Table 8.7b). • 2002-2007—Calculated by EIA as the quantity of naindependent power producers reported on Forms FERC-423, "MFuels for Electric Utility Plants," and EIA-423, "Monthly Cost and Qudivided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the electric pforward—Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receippower producers reported on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operatnatural gas consumed by the electric power sector (see Table 8.7bNGA, annual reports. • 2007 forward—EIA, NGM (March 2012), Ta
Natural Gas

Note 1. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels. Supplemental gaseous fuels are anysubstances that, introduced into or commingled with natural gas, increase thevolume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas,

or air or inert gases added for British thermal unit (Btu) stabilization.

Annual data beginning with 1980 are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual. Unknown quantities of supplemental gaseous fuels

are included in consumption data for 1979 and earlier years.Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels consumed is known for1980 forward, the amount consumed by each energy-use sector is estimated by EIA.

These estimates are used to create natural gas (without supplemental gaseous fuels)data for Tables 1.3, 2.1b, 2.1c, 2.1d, and 2.1f (note: to avoid double-counting inthese tables, supplemental gaseous fuels are accounted for in their primary energycategory: “Coal,” “Petroleum,” or “Biomass”). It is assumed that supplemental gaseous fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by the residential, commercial,other industrial, and electric power sectors, but are not commingled with natural gasused for lease and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, or vehicle fuel. The estimatedconsumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each sector (residential, commercial,other industrial, and electric power) is calculated as that sector’s natural gas consumption (see Table 6.5) divided by the sum of natural gas consumption by the residential,commercial, other industrial, and electric power sectors (see Table 6.5), and then multiplied by total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption (see Table 6.1). For estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels in Btu, the residential,commercial, and other industrial values in cubic feet are multiplied by the “End-UseSectors” conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric power values in cubic feetare multiplied by the “Electric Power Sector” conversion factors (see Table A4).Total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption in Btu is calculated as the sum of

the Btu values for the sectors.

Note 2. Natural Gas Consumption. Natural gas consumption statistics arecompiled from surveys of natural gas production, transmission, and distributioncompanies and from surveys of electric power generation. Consumption by sectorfrom these surveys is compiled on a national and individual State basis and thenbalanced with national and individual State supply data. Included in the data are thefollowing: Residential Sector—Consumption by private households for space

heating, cooking, and other household uses; Commercial Sector—Consumption by

nonmanufacturing establishments; government agencies; and, through 1995, thoseengaged in agriculture, forestry, and fishing. The commercial sector includes

generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermthe activities of the above-mentioned commercSector—Consumption by establishments engaged pished materials into another form of product (includimanufacturing; and, beginning in 1996, agriculture, fral gas industry use for lease and plant fuel. The indtors that produce electricity and/or useful thermal oabove-mentioned industrial activities; Transportatimission (pipeline) fuel, and natural gas delivered Electric Power Sector (electric utilities producers)—Consumption for electricity generatioelectricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CH(North American Industry Classification System) 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, 

Note 3. Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992. Prtility generators were not separately collected from nEIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and SupDisposition.” As a result, for 1989-1992, those voluboth the industrial and electric power sectors and doution. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was reportgenerators.Note 4. Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel. In Table 6.5, vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in in million cubic feet, are: 1992–2,112; 1993–2,81996–6,111; 1997–8,393; 1998–9,416; 1999–10,3982002–15,872; 2003–17,484; 2004–21,487; 2005–22,572008–25,659; 2009–26,936; and 2010 –28,297.Note 5. Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natura

data for electric power sector natural gas prices inclwhich the generator nameplate capacity of all stotaled 25 megawatts or greater. For 1974-1982, peand counted toward the 25-megawatt-or-greater include all electric utility plants at which the genersteam-electric units combined totaled 50 megawatdata include all electric utility plants at which the of all steam-electric units and combined-cycle unwatts or greater. For 2002 forward, data include elpower producer plants at which the total facility fo

ing capacity is 50 or more megawatts, regardless of u

194 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Figure 7.0 Coal Flow, 2011

(Million Short Tons)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Notes: • Production categories are estimated; all data are preliminary. • Values are derived

from source data prior to rounding for publication. • Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3.
Figure 7.1 Coal Overview

Overview, 1949-2011Overview, 2011 Production as Share of Consumption by Major 198 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Dry natural gas production as share of natural gas consumption.2 Petroleum and other liquids production as share of petroleum and other liquids estimated

consumption.

Sources: Tables 5.1a, 6.1, and 7.1.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

500

1,0001,500

Million Short Tons

1,094

13

107

1,003

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

500

1,0001,500

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100125

0

Percent
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production 1

Waste Coal

Supplied 2

Trade

Stock Change 4,5

Losses and

Unaccounted for Imports Exports Net Imports 3 6 

1949 480.6 NA 0.3 32.8 -32.5 7 ( ) 7-35.1 1950 560.4 NA .4 29.4 -29.0 R27.8 R9.5 1955 490.8 NA .3 54.4 -54.1 R-4.0 R-6.3 1960 434.3 NA .3 38.0 -37.7 R-3.2 R1.7 1965 527.0 NA .2 51.0 -50.8 R1.9 R2.2 1970 612.7 NA (s) 71.7 -71.7 R11.1 R6.6 1975 654.6 NA .9 66.3 -65.4 32.2 -5.5 1976 684.9 NA 1.2 60.0 -58.8 8.5 13.8 1977 697.2 NA 1.6 54.3 -52.7 22.6 -3.4 1978 670.2 NA 3.0 40.7 -37.8 -4.9 12.1 1979 781.1 NA 2.1 66.0 -64.0 36.2 .4 1980 829.7 NA 1.2 91.7 -90.5 25.6 10.8 1981 823.8 NA 1.0 112.5 -111.5 -19.0 -1.4 1982 838.1 NA .7 106.3 -105.5 22.6 3.1 1983 782.1 NA 1.3 77.8 -76.5 -29.5 -1.6 1984 895.9 NA 1.3 81.5 -80.2 28.7 -4.3 1985 883.6 NA 2.0 92.7 -90.7 -27.9 2.8 1986 890.3 NA 2.2 85.5 -83.3 4.0 -1.2 1987 918.8 NA 1.7 79.6 -77.9 6.5 -2.5 1988 950.3 NA 2.1 95.0 -92.9 -24.9 -1.3 1989 980.7 1.4 2.9 100.8 -98.0 -13.7 2.9 1990 1,029.1 3.3 2.7 105.8 -103.1 26.5 -1.7 1991 996.0 4.0 3.4 109.0 -105.6 -.9 -3.9 1992 997.5 6.3 3.8 102.5 -98.7 -3.0 .5 1993 945.4 8.1 8.2 74.5 -66.3 -51.9 -4.9 1994 1,033.5 8.2 8.9 71.4 -62.5 23.6 4.3 1995 1,033.0 8.6 9.5 88.5 -79.1 -.3 .6 1996 1,063.9 8.8 8.1 90.5 -82.4 -17.5 1.4 1997 1,089.9 8.1 7.5 83.5 -76.1 -11.3 3.7 1998 1,117.5 8.7 8.7 78.0 -69.3 24.2 -4.4 1999 1,100.4 8.7 9.1 58.5 -49.4 24.0 -2.9 2000 1,073.6 9.1 12.5 58.5 -46.0 -48.3 .9 2001 11,127.7 10.1 19.8 48.7 -28.9 41.6 7.1 2002 1,094.3 9.1 16.9 39.6 -22.7 10.2 4.0 2003 1,071.8 10.0 25.0 43.0 -18.0 -26.7 -4.4 2004 1,112.1 11.3 27.3 48.0 -20.7 -11.5 6.9 2005 1,131.5 13.4 30.5 49.9 -19.5 -9.7 9.1 2006 1,162.7 14.4 36.2 49.6 -13.4 42.6 8.8 2007 1,146.6 14.1 36.3 59.2 -22.8 5.8 4.1 2008 1,171.8 14.1 34.2 81.5 -47.3 12.4 5.7 2009 1,074.9 13.7 22.6 59.1 -36.5 39.7 15.0 2010 R1,084.4 R13.7 19.4 81.7 -62.4 R-11.2 R-4.4 2011P 1,094.3 12.5 13.1 107.3 -94.2 -7.3 17.0 

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,

and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).

2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,

bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coalincluded in "Consumption." 3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 4 Through 1972, excludes coal stocks at producers and distributors. For 1980-2007, excludes coalstocks in the residential and commercial sectors.

5 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. 6 The difference between calculated coal supply and disposition, due to coal quantities lost or to data

reporting problems. 7 In 1949, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. 

Notes: • See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of section. • T

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal fo

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal for all annual dhttp://www.eia.gov/coal/ for related information.

Sources: Production: Table 7.2. Waste Coal Supplied: • 1989-19

Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer RepoEIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2004—Plant Report," and Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality R• 2005 forward—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December 2Imports: • 1949-2000—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Cen• 2001 forward—Table 7.4. Exports: Table 7.5. Stock Change: Table 7.for: Calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coal suppliedand consumption. Consumption: Table 7.3.
Figure 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2011

Total By RankBy Mining Method By Location200 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Subbituminou

1 Subbituminous coal and lignite are included in bituminous coal prior to 1969. Source: Table 7.2.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

300600900

1,2001,500

Million Short Tons

Bit

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

300600900

Million Short Tons

Surface

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons Underground

East 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Rank Mining Method Location

Bituminous

Coal 1

Subbituminous

Coal Lignite Anthracite 1 Underground Surface 1

East of the 

Mississippi 1

Wes

Miss

1949 437.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 42.7 358.9 121.7 444.2 1950 516.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 44.1 421.0 139.4 524.4 1955 464.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 26.2 358.0 132.9 464.2 1960 415.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 18.8 292.6 141.7 413.0 1965 512.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 14.9 338.0 189.0 499.5 1970 578.5 16.4 8.0 9.7 340.5 272.1 567.8 1975 577.5 51.1 19.8 6.2 293.5 361.2 543.7 1976 588.4 64.8 25.5 6.2 295.5 389.4 548.8 1977 581.0 82.1 28.2 5.9 266.6 430.6 533.3 1978 534.0 96.8 34.4 5.0 242.8 427.4 487.2 1979 612.3 121.5 42.5 4.8 320.9 460.2 559.7 1980 628.8 147.7 47.2 6.1 337.5 492.2 578.7 1981 608.0 159.7 50.7 5.4 316.5 507.3 553.9 1982 620.2 160.9 52.4 4.6 339.2 499.0 564.3 1983 568.6 151.0 58.3 4.1 300.4 481.7 507.4 1984 649.5 179.2 63.1 4.2 352.1 543.9 587.6 1985 613.9 192.7 72.4 4.7 350.8 532.8 558.7 1986 620.1 189.6 76.4 4.3 360.4 529.9 564.4 1987 636.6 200.2 78.4 3.6 372.9 545.9 581.9 1988 638.1 223.5 85.1 3.6 382.2 568.1 579.6 1989 659.8 231.2 86.4 3.3 393.8 586.9 599.0 1990 693.2 244.3 88.1 3.5 424.5 604.5 630.2 1991 650.7 255.3 86.5 3.4 407.2 588.8 591.3 1992 651.8 252.2 90.1 3.5 407.2 590.3 588.6 1993 576.7 274.9 89.5 4.3 351.1 594.4 516.2 1994 640.3 300.5 88.1 4.6 399.1 634.4 566.3 1995 613.8 328.0 86.5 4.7 396.2 636.7 544.2 1996 630.7 340.3 88.1 4.8 409.8 654.0 563.7 1997 653.8 345.1 86.3 4.7 420.7 669.3 579.4 1998 640.6 385.9 85.8 5.3 417.7 699.8 570.6 1999 601.7 406.7 87.2 4.8 391.8 708.6 529.6 2000 574.3 409.2 85.6 4.6 373.7 700.0 507.5 2001 1611.3 434.4 80.0 11.9 380.6 1747.1 1528.8 2002 572.1 438.4 82.5 1.4 357.4 736.9 492.9 2003 541.5 442.6 86.4 1.3 352.8 719.0 469.2 2004 561.5 465.4 83.5 1.7 367.6 744.5 484.8 2005 571.2 474.7 83.9 1.7 368.6 762.9 493.8 2006 561.6 515.3 84.2 1.5 359.0 803.7 490.8 2007 542.8 523.7 78.6 1.6 351.8 794.8 478.2 2008 555.3 539.1 75.7 1.7 357.1 814.7 493.3 2009 504.1 496.4 72.5 1.9 332.1 742.9 449.6 2010 R489.5 R514.8 R78.2 R1.8 R337.2 R747.2 R446.2 R2011 E500.5 E510.5 E81.0 E2.3 E345.5 E748.8 E455.8 E

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 2 Included in "Bituminous Coal."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and

"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), EnergyData Reports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977

and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal a

Operations—1977; 1978, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978

• 1979 and 1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Weekly Coal Report 

• 1981-1988—EIA, Weekly Coal Production and Coal Production, Coal Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2001-2010—EIA, A• 2011—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2011 (Apr"Coal Production Report"; and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Sa7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."
Figure 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2011By Sector, 2011 Sector Shares, 1949 and 2011202 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of electricity-only

plants.

2 For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are included in “Industrial.”

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) pla

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

(s)=Less than 0.5.Source: Table 7.3.

Residential, Commercia

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons

(s) 2

72

929

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Electric Power3

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons

(s) (s)

7

11 13

44

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

20406080

100

Percent

1949 2011
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Residential

Sector 1

Commercial Sector 1 Industrial Sector

Transportation

Sector

Electric Power Sec

CHP 

3 Other 4 Total Coke Plants

Other Industrial

Total

Electricity

CHP Only CHP 

5 Non-CHP 6 Total

1949 52.4 7 ( ) 64.1 64.1 91.4 8 ( ) 121.2 121.2 212.6 70.2 84.0 NA 1950 51.6 7 ( ) 63.0 63.0 104.0 8 ( ) 120.6 120.6 224.6 63.0 91.9 NA 1955 35.6 7 ( ) 32.9 32.9 107.7 8 ( ) 110.1 110.1 217.8 17.0 143.8 NA 1960 24.2 7 ( ) 16.8 16.8 81.4 8 ( ) 96.0 96.0 177.4 3.0 176.7 NA 1965 14.6 7 ( ) 11.0 11.0 95.3 8 ( ) 105.6 105.6 200.8 .7 244.8 NA 1970 9.0 7 ( ) 7.1 7.1 96.5 8 ( ) 90.2 90.2 186.6 .3 320.2 NA 1975 2.8 7 ( ) 6.6 6.6 83.6 8 ( ) 63.6 63.6 147.2 (s) 406.0 NA 1976 2.6 7 ( ) 6.3 6.3 84.7 8 ( ) 61.8 61.8 146.5 (s) 448.4 NA 1977 2.5 7 ( ) 6.4 6.4 77.7 8 ( ) 61.5 61.5 139.2 (s) 477.1 NA 1978 2.2 7 ( ) 7.3 7.3 71.4 8 ( ) 63.1 63.1 134.5 8 ( ) 481.2 NA 1979 1.7 7 ( ) 6.7 6.7 77.4 8 ( ) 67.7 67.7 145.1 8 ( ) 527.1 NA 1980 1.4 7 ( ) 5.1 5.1 66.7 8 ( ) 60.3 60.3 127.0 8 ( ) 569.3 NA 1981 1.3 7 ( ) 6.1 6.1 61.0 8 ( ) 67.4 67.4 128.4 8 ( ) 596.8 NA 1982 1.4 7 ( ) 6.8 6.8 40.9 8 ( ) 64.1 64.1 105.0 8 ( ) 593.7 NA 1983 1.4 7 ( ) 7.1 7.1 37.0 8 ( ) 66.0 66.0 103.0 8 ( ) 625.2 NA 1984 1.7 7 ( ) 7.4 7.4 44.0 8 ( ) 73.7 73.7 117.8 8 ( ) 664.4 NA 1985 1.7 7 ( ) 6.1 6.1 41.1 8 ( ) 75.4 75.4 116.4 8 ( ) 693.8 NA 1986 1.8 7 ( ) 5.9 5.9 35.9 8 ( ) 75.6 75.6 111.5 8 ( ) 685.1 NA 1987 1.6 7 ( ) 5.3 5.3 37.0 8 ( ) 75.2 75.2 112.1 8 ( ) 717.9 NA 1988 1.6 7 ( ) 5.6 5.6 41.9 8 ( ) 76.3 76.3 118.1 8 ( ) 758.4 NA 1989 1.3 1.1 3.7 4.9 40.5 24.9 51.3 76.1 116.6 8 ( ) 767.4 4.8 1990 1.3 1.2 4.2 5.4 38.9 27.8 48.5 76.3 115.2 8 ( ) 774.2 8.4 1991 1.1 1.2 3.8 5.0 33.9 27.0 48.4 75.4 109.3 8 ( ) 773.2 10.7 1992 1.1 1.2 3.9 5.0 32.4 28.2 45.8 74.0 106.4 8 ( ) 781.2 13.9 1993 1.1 1.4 3.7 5.1 31.3 28.9 46.0 74.9 106.2 8 ( ) 816.6 15.1 1994 .9 1.3 3.8 5.1 31.7 29.7 45.5 75.2 106.9 8 ( ) 821.2 17.1 1995 .8 1.4 3.6 5.1 33.0 29.4 43.7 73.1 106.1 8 ( ) 832.9 17.3 1996 .7 1.7 3.6 5.3 31.7 29.4 42.3 71.7 103.4 8 ( ) 878.8 18.1 1997 .7 1.7 4.0 5.8 30.2 29.9 41.7 71.5 101.7 8 ( ) 904.2 17.1 1998 .5 1.4 2.9 4.3 28.2 28.6 38.9 67.4 95.6 8 ( ) 920.4 16.3 1999 .6 1.5 2.8 4.3 28.1 27.8 37.0 64.7 92.8 8 ( ) 924.7 16.2 2000 .5 1.5 2.1 3.7 28.9 28.0 37.2 65.2 94.1 8 ( ) 967.1 18.7 2001 .5 1.4 2.4 3.9 26.1 25.8 39.5 65.3 91.3 8 ( ) 946.1 18.4 2002 .5 1.4 2.5 3.9 23.7 26.2 34.5 60.7 84.4 8 ( ) 960.1 17.4 2003 .6 1.8 1.9 3.7 24.2 24.8 36.4 61.3 85.5 8 ( ) 983.5 21.6 2004 .5 1.9 2.7 4.6 23.7 26.6 35.6 62.2 85.9 8 ( ) 994.8 21.5 2005 .4 1.9 2.4 4.3 23.4 25.9 34.5 60.3 83.8 8 ( ) 1,015.6 21.8 2006 .3 1.9 1.1 2.9 23.0 25.3 34.2 59.5 82.4 8 ( ) 1,004.8 21.9 2007 .4 1.9 1.2 3.2 22.7 22.5 34.1 56.6 79.3 8 ( ) 1,022.8 22.3 2008 .4 2.0 1.1 3.2 22.1 21.9 32.5 54.4 76.5 8 ( ) 1,017.8 22.8 2009 .4 1.8 1.1 2.9 15.3 19.8 25.5 45.3 60.6 8 ( ) 913.6 20.1 2010 .3 R1.7 1.0 2.7 21.1 R24.6 R27.4 R52.1 R73.2 8 ( ) R954.5 R20.5 2011P .3 1.6 .8 2.5 21.4 24.7 25.6 50.3 71.7 8 ( ) 909.6 18.9 

1 See Note 2, "Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates," at end of section. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."

3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.

4 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 5 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 6 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial CHP." 7 Included in "Commercial Other." 8 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Notes: • See Tables 8.5a–8.5d for the amount of coal used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a–8.6c

for the amount of coal used to produce useful thermal output. • See Note 1, "

section. • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use S• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal for 

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal for all annual dhttp://www.eia.gov/coal/ for related information.

Sources: Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table 8.7c. Electric 

8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapInformation Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Coal—BituminouCoal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal Report. • 1979 and 1980—EIA, Coal Report. • 1981-2004—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-• 2005 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2011 (April 2012), Table 32.
Figure 7.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin

Total, 2000-2011 By Country, 2011By Selected Country, 2000-2011204 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due to independent rounding. Source: Table 7.4.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

0

10203040

Million Short Tons

Indonesia

10%

Canada

9%

T

13.1 milli

Canada 13%

Venezuela 6%

Other 2%

Indonesia 7%

Colombia

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20

05

1015202530

Million Short Tons

Canada

Venezuela

In
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 7.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin, 2000-2011

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Australia

New

Zealand Canada Mexico Colombia Venezuela China India Indonesia

Europe

Norway Poland Russia Ukraine 

United

Kingdom Other 

2000 0.2 0.0 1.9 (s) 7.6 2.0 (s) (s) 0.7 0.0 0.0 (s) 0.0 (s) 0.0 2001 .3 (s) 2.6 (s) 11.2 3.3 .1 (s) .9 (s) .5 .2 .0 .1 (s) 2002 .8 .0 2.1 (s) 9.2 3.3 .1 (s) 1.0 .0 .1 .1 .0 (s) (s) 2003 .3 .1 2.1 .0 15.5 4.6 .1 (s) 2.1 .0 .0 .1 .0 (s) (s) 2004 .3 .0 2.9 (s) 16.7 4.4 .1 (s) 2.2 .0 .1 .3 .1 (s) .1 2005 .2 (s) 2.0 (s) 21.2 3.7 (s) .0 2.5 .0 .1 .4 (s) (s) .1 2006 .2 .0 2.0 .0 25.3 4.2 (s) .0 3.1 (s) .0 .9 .0 (s) .2 2007 .1 .1 2.0 .0 26.9 3.4 .1 (s) 3.7 (s) .0 .1 (s) (s) (s) 2008 .1 .0 2.0 .0 26.3 2.3 (s) .0 3.4 .0 .0 (s) (s) .0 (s) 2009 .2 .0 1.3 (s) 17.8 1.3 (s) (s) 2.1 .0 .0 .0 (s) (s) (s) 2010 .4 (s) 1.8 .0 14.6 .6 .1 (s) 1.9 .0 .0 .0 (s) (s) (s) 2011P .1 .0 1.7 (s) 9.5 .8 (s) (s) .9 .0 (s) (s) .1 .0 (s) 

P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: • 2000—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau o

• 2001 forward—U.S. Energy Information Administration, Ququarterly reports.
Figure 7.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination

Total and Europe, 1960-2011 By Selected Country, 2011By Selected Country, 1960-2011206 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Source: Table 7.5.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

255075

100125

Million Short Tons

lands

10.8

8.7

6.9 6.9 

Nether- Brazil United Japan 

0

2

468

10

12

Million Short Tons

Kingdom

Total

Europe

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 

0

102030

Million Short Tons

Netherlands
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 7.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2011

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Canada Brazil

Europe

Jap

Belgium 

1 Denmark France Germany 2 Italy

Netherlands Spain Turkey United Kingdom Other 3 Total

1960 12.8 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 4.6 4.9 2.8 0.3 NA – 2.4 17.1 51965 16.3 1.2 2.2 (s) 2.1 4.7 9.0 3.4 1.4 NA (s) 2.3 25.1 71966 16.5 1.7 1.8 (s) 1.6 4.9 7.8 3.2 1.2 NA (s) 2.5 23.1 71967 15.8 1.7 1.4 – 2.1 4.7 5.9 2.2 1.0 NA – 2.1 19.4 121968 17.1 1.8 1.1 – 1.5 3.8 4.3 1.5 1.5 NA – 1.9 15.5 151969 17.3 1.8 .9 – 2.3 3.5 3.7 1.6 1.8 NA – 1.3 15.2 211970 19.1 2.0 1.9 – 3.6 5.0 4.3 2.1 3.2 NA (s) 1.8 21.8 271971 18.0 1.9 .8 – 3.2 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.6 NA 1.7 1.1 16.6 191972 18.7 1.9 1.1 – 1.7 2.4 3.7 2.3 2.1 NA 2.4 1.1 16.9 181973 16.7 1.6 1.2 – 2.0 1.6 3.3 1.8 2.2 NA .9 1.3 14.4 191974 14.2 1.3 1.1 – 2.7 1.5 3.9 2.6 2.0 NA 1.4 .9 16.1 271975 17.3 2.0 .6 – 3.6 2.0 4.5 2.1 2.7 NA 1.9 1.6 19.0 251976 16.9 2.2 2.2 (s) 3.5 1.0 4.2 3.5 2.5 NA .8 2.1 19.9 181977 17.7 2.3 1.5 .1 2.1 .9 4.1 2.0 1.6 NA .6 2.1 15.0 151978 15.7 1.5 1.1 – 1.7 .6 3.2 1.1 .8 NA .4 2.2 11.0 101979 19.5 2.8 3.2 .2 3.9 2.6 5.0 2.0 1.4 NA 1.4 4.4 23.9 151980 17.5 3.3 4.6 1.7 7.8 2.5 7.1 4.7 3.4 NA 4.1 6.0 41.9 231981 18.2 2.7 4.3 3.9 9.7 4.3 10.5 6.8 6.4 .6 2.3 8.2 57.0 251982 18.6 3.1 4.8 2.8 9.0 2.3 11.3 5.9 5.6 1.6 2.0 6.0 51.3 251983 17.2 3.6 2.5 1.7 4.2 1.5 8.1 4.2 3.3 1.6 1.2 4.7 33.1 171984 20.4 4.7 3.9 .6 3.8 .9 7.6 5.5 2.3 1.5 2.9 3.9 32.8 161985 16.4 5.9 4.4 2.2 4.5 1.1 10.3 6.3 3.5 2.2 2.7 8.1 45.1 151986 14.5 5.7 4.4 2.1 5.4 .8 10.4 5.6 2.6 2.4 2.9 5.9 42.6 111987 16.2 5.8 4.6 .9 2.9 .5 9.5 4.1 2.5 .8 2.6 5.8 34.2 111988 19.2 5.3 6.5 2.8 4.3 .7 11.1 5.1 2.5 2.0 3.7 6.4 45.1 141989 16.8 5.7 7.1 3.2 6.5 .7 11.2 6.1 3.3 1.7 4.5 7.2 51.6 131990 15.5 5.8 8.5 3.2 6.9 1.1 11.9 8.4 3.8 2.1 5.2 7.4 58.4 131991 11.2 7.1 7.5 4.7 9.5 1.7 11.3 9.6 4.7 2.2 6.2 8.2 65.5 121992 15.1 6.4 7.2 3.8 8.1 1.0 9.3 9.1 4.5 2.0 5.6 6.6 57.3 121993 8.9 5.2 5.2 .3 4.0 .5 6.9 5.6 4.1 1.6 4.1 5.3 37.6 111994 9.2 5.5 4.9 .5 2.9 .3 7.5 4.9 4.1 1.3 3.4 6.0 35.8 101995 9.4 6.4 4.5 2.1 3.7 2.0 9.1 7.3 4.7 2.0 4.7 8.7 48.6 111996 12.0 6.5 4.6 1.3 3.9 1.1 9.2 7.1 4.1 2.2 6.2 7.7 47.2 101997 15.0 7.5 4.3 .4 3.4 .9 7.0 4.8 4.1 2.1 7.2 7.1 41.3 81998 20.7 6.5 3.2 .3 3.2 1.2 5.3 4.5 3.2 1.6 5.9 5.3 33.8 71999 19.8 4.4 2.1 – 2.5 .6 4.0 3.4 2.5 .8 3.2 3.5 22.5 52000 18.8 4.5 2.9 .1 3.0 1.0 3.7 2.6 2.7 1.8 3.3 3.9 25.0 42001 17.6 4.6 2.8 – 2.2 .9 5.4 2.1 1.6 .9 2.5 2.4 20.8 22002 16.7 3.5 2.4 – 1.3 1.0 3.1 1.7 1.9 .6 1.9 1.8 15.6 12003 20.8 3.5 1.8 .3 1.3 .5 2.8 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.5 2.1 15.1 (2004 17.8 4.4 1.7 .1 1.1 .6 2.1 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.3 15.2 42005 19.5 4.2 2.1 .1 1.3 .7 2.5 2.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 4.1 18.8 22006 19.9 4.5 2.2 .4 1.6 1.7 3.3 2.1 1.6 1.2 2.6 4.2 20.8 2007 18.4 6.5 2.1 .1 2.4 2.3 3.5 4.6 1.5 1.4 3.4 5.8 27.1 (2008 23.0 6.4 3.1 .4 3.5 2.5 3.2 7.0 2.4 1.9 5.8 10.6 40.3 12009 10.6 7.4 2.7 .3 3.4 2.5 2.3 5.9 1.7 1.4 4.6 5.3 30.1 2010 11.4 7.9 2.3 .1 3.2 2.7 3.3 7.3 1.9 2.5 4.4 10.5 38.2 32011P 6.8 8.7 3.1 .2 4.0 4.8 5.6 10.8 1.8 2.9 6.9 13.9 53.9 6

1 Through 1999, includes Luxembourg. 2 Through 1990, data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. Beginning in 1991, data for

Germany are for the unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.

3 See source publications for data for countries included in "Other."

P=Preliminary. NA=Not Available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1960, see http://www.eia.gov/totaleSources: • 1960-1988—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau o

Schedule B Commodities, EM 522. • 1989-2000—U.S. Energy InformIndustry Annual, annual reports. • 2001 forward—EIA, Quarterly Cquarterly reports; and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Censu
Figure 7.6 Coal Stocks, End of Year

Total and Electric Power Stocks, 1949-2011 Electric Power, Producer/Distributor, and IndElectric Power, Producer/Distributor, and Industrial Stocks, 1949-2011208 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Source: Table 7.6.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

50

100150200250

Million Short Tons

Power Sector1 

Total

Electric Power Sector1

and Distributo

175

42

Electric Producers 

0

255075

100125150175200

Million Short Tons

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

Electric P

P
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 7.6 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, End of Year 1949-2011

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Producers

and

Distributors

Consumers

Residential

and Commercial

Sectors

Industrial Sector

Transportation

Sector

Electric

Power

Sector Coke Plants Other 2 Tot

1 Total

1949 NA 1.4 10.0 16.1 26.0 3 ( ) 22.1 41950 NA 2.5 16.8 26.2 43.0 3 ( ) 31.8 71955 NA 1.0 13.4 15.9 29.3 3 ( ) 41.4 71960 NA .7 11.1 11.6 22.8 3 ( ) 51.7 71965 NA .4 10.6 13.1 23.8 3 ( ) 54.5 71970 NA .3 9.0 11.8 20.8 3 ( ) 71.9 91975 12.1 .2 8.8 8.5 17.3 3 ( ) 110.7 121976 14.2 .2 9.9 7.1 17.0 3 ( ) 117.4 131977 14.2 .2 12.8 11.1 23.9 3 ( ) 133.2 151978 20.7 .4 8.3 9.0 17.3 NA 128.2 141979 20.8 .3 10.2 11.8 21.9 NA 159.7 181980 24.4 NA 9.1 12.0 21.0 NA 183.0 201981 24.1 NA 6.5 9.9 16.4 NA 168.9 181982 36.8 NA 4.6 9.5 14.1 NA 181.1 191983 33.9 NA 4.3 8.7 13.1 NA 155.6 161984 34.1 NA 6.2 11.3 17.5 NA 179.7 191985 33.1 NA 3.4 10.4 13.9 NA 156.4 171986 32.1 NA 3.0 10.4 13.4 NA 161.8 171987 28.3 NA 3.9 10.8 14.7 NA 170.8 181988 30.4 NA 3.1 8.8 11.9 NA 146.5 151989 29.0 NA 2.9 7.4 10.2 NA 135.9 141990 33.4 NA 3.3 8.7 12.0 NA 156.2 161991 33.0 NA 2.8 7.1 9.8 NA 157.9 161992 34.0 NA 2.6 7.0 9.6 NA 154.1 161993 25.3 NA 2.4 6.7 9.1 NA 111.3 121994 33.2 NA 2.7 6.6 9.2 NA 126.9 131995 34.4 NA 2.6 5.7 8.3 NA 126.3 131996 28.6 NA 2.7 5.7 8.4 NA 114.6 121997 34.0 NA 2.0 5.6 7.6 NA 98.8 101998 36.5 NA 2.0 5.5 7.6 NA 120.5 121999 39.5 NA 1.9 5.6 7.5 NA 141.6 142000 31.9 NA 1.5 4.6 6.1 NA 102.3 102001 35.9 NA 1.5 6.0 7.5 NA 138.5 142002 43.3 NA 1.4 5.8 7.2 NA 141.7 142003 38.3 NA .9 4.7 5.6 NA 121.6 122004 41.2 NA 1.3 4.8 6.2 NA 106.7 112005 35.0 NA 2.6 5.6 8.2 NA 101.1 102006 36.5 NA 2.9 6.5 9.4 NA 141.0 152007 34.0 NA 1.9 5.6 7.6 NA 151.2 152008 34.7 .5 2.3 6.0 8.3 NA 161.6 172009 47.7 .5 2.0 5.1 7.1 NA 189.5 192010 R49.8 .6 1.9 R6.3 R8.3 NA R174.9 R182011 E41.9 P.6 P2.6 P6.0 P8.6 NA P175.1 P18

1 Through 1977, data are for stocks held by the manufacturing and transportation sectors. Beginning in

1978, data are for stocks held at manufacturing plants only.

2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1998, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

3 Included in "Industrial Sector Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal for updated monthly and annual

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal for all ann

http://www.eia.gov/coal/ for related information.

Sources: Electric Power Sector: Table 8.8. All Other Data: 

Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "Coal—P• 1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy DatLignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal Report. Weekly Coal Report. • 1980-2004—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (Qreports. • 2005 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2011 (April 201
Figure 7.7 Coal Mining Productivity

Total, 1949-2011 By Mining Method, 2011 By LocBy Mining Method,1 1949-2011 By Region and Mining Method, 2011210 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 For 1979 forward, includes all coal; prior to 1979, excludes anthracite.

Note: Beginning in 2001, surface mining includes a small amount of refuse recovery.

Source: Table 7.7.

05

101520

Short Tons per Employee Hour

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

2

468

Short Tons per Employee Hour

2.76

8.86

Underground Surface

0369

12

Short Tons per Employee Hour

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0369

12

Short Tons per Employee Hour

2.52 3.03

Underground Surface Und

06

12

1824

Short Tons per Employee Hour

Surface

Underground

 East of the Mississippi 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 7.7 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Short Tons per Employee Hour 1

)

Year

Mining Method Location 

Underground Surface 2 

East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi 

Underground Surface 2 Total 2 Underground Surface 2 Total 

1949 30.68 31.92 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1950 3.72 31.96 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1955 31.04 32.65 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1960 31.33 32.91 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1965 31.75 34.10 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1970 31.72 34.53 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 31.19 33.26 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 31.14 33.25 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 31.09 33.16 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1978 31.04 33.03 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1979 1.13 3.08 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1980 1.20 3.21 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1981 1.29 3.42 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1982 1.37 3.36 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1983 1.61 3.81 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1984 1.72 4.03 1.69 2.56 1.98 2.49 8.15 7.07 1985 1.78 4.24 1.75 2.52 2.00 2.45 8.61 7.40 1986 2.00 4.60 1.96 2.75 2.21 2.80 9.02 7.90 1987 2.20 4.98 2.16 2.97 2.42 3.39 9.86 8.73 1988 2.38 5.32 2.32 2.99 2.54 3.55 10.73 9.38 1989 2.46 5.61 2.39 3.13 2.63 3.92 11.86 10.21990 2.54 5.94 2.46 3.32 2.73 4.01 12.26 10.41991 2.69 6.38 2.59 3.49 2.86 4.53 12.36 10.71992 2.93 6.59 2.82 3.61 3.07 4.85 12.49 11.03 1993 2.95 7.23 2.81 3.74 3.11 5.18 13.94 12.14 1994 3.19 7.67 3.02 3.85 3.28 5.93 15.19 13.22 1995 3.39 8.48 3.19 4.03 3.45 6.32 16.23 14.18 1996 3.57 9.05 3.36 4.25 3.63 7.03 17.89 15.66 1997 3.83 9.46 3.63 4.49 3.89 6.82 18.63 16.04 1998 3.90 9.58 3.69 4.31 3.89 6.76 18.82 16.27 1999 3.99 10.39 3.74 4.48 3.97 7.45 19.57 17.18 2000 4.15 11.01 3.89 4.82 4.18 7.66 20.04 17.62 2001 4.02 210.58 3.71 24.53 23.98 8.39 220.63 218.32 2002 3.98 10.36 3.67 4.22 3.86 7.80 20.67 18.06 2003 4.04 10.75 3.68 4.18 3.85 8.33 21.42 18.67 2004 3.96 10.55 3.59 3.95 3.72 8.22 22.04 19.00 2005 3.62 10.03 3.28 3.75 3.44 7.48 21.98 18.50 2006 3.37 10.18 3.06 3.74 3.29 6.62 22.26 18.33 2007 3.34 10.24 3.03 3.74 3.27 6.52 22.35 18.23 2008 3.15 9.81 2.87 3.58 3.12 6.07 21.85 17.77 2009 2.99 9.22 2.74 3.33 2.94 5.51 19.85 16.15 2010 R2.89 R9.46 R2.66 3.24 R2.84 R5.54 R20.25 16.60 2011P 2.76 8.86 2.52 3.03 2.68 5.54 19.34 15.98 

1 Data through 1973 for bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite, and data through 1978 for

anthracite, were originally reported in short tons per employee day—these data were converted to shorttons per employee hour by assuming an eight-hour day. Through 1997, other data were calculated bydividing total production by total labor hours worked by all mine employees except office workers; beginningin 1998, the calculation also includes office workers. 2 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 3 Through 1978, data for anthracite are not available by mining method, but are included in "Total."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coa

"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—U.S. Energy InformatData Reports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennsyland 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and LOperations—1977; 1978 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978Report, Coal Production—1979. • 1980-1988—EIA, Coal Production, annCoal Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2001-2010—EIA, Annual • 2011—EIA, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. DepartmHealth Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coa
Figure 7.8 Coke Overview

Production and Consumption, 1949-2011Overview, 2011 Trade212 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Source: Table 7.8.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0

20406080

Million Short Tons Consu

Produc

15.4

1.4 1.0

15.8

Production Imports Exports Consumption

05

101520

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Million Short Tons 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 7.8 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production

Trade

Stock Change 2 

Imports Exports Net Imports 1

1949 63.6 0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.2 1950 72.7 .4 .4 (s) -.7 1955 75.3 .1 .5 -.4 -1.2 1960 57.2 .1 .4 -.2 .1 1965 66.9 .1 .8 -.7 .7 1970 66.5 .2 2.5 -2.3 1.0 1975 57.2 1.8 1.3 .5 4.1 1976 58.3 1.3 1.3 (s) 1.5 1977 53.5 1.8 1.2 .6 (s) 1978 49.0 5.7 .7 5.0 -2.9 1979 52.9 4.0 1.4 2.5 1.7 1980 46.1 .7 2.1 -1.4 3.4 1981 42.8 .5 1.2 -.6 -1.9 1982 28.1 .1 1.0 -.9 1.5 1983 25.8 (s) .7 -.6 -4.7 1984 30.4 .6 1.0 -.5 .2 1985 28.4 .6 1.1 -.5 -1.2 1986 24.9 .3 1.0 -.7 -.5 1987 26.3 .9 .6 .3 -1.0 1988 28.9 2.7 1.1 1.6 .5 1989 28.0 2.3 1.1 1.2 .3 1990 27.6 .8 .6 .2 (s) 1991 24.0 1.2 .8 .4 .2 1992 23.4 2.1 .7 1.4 -.2 1993 23.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 -.4 1994 22.7 3.3 1.0 2.4 -.5 1995 23.7 3.8 1.4 2.5 .4 1996 23.1 2.5 1.6 .9 (s) 1997 22.1 3.1 1.3 1.9 (s) 1998 20.0 3.8 1.1 2.7 -.4 1999 20.0 3.2 .9 2.3 -.1 2000 20.8 3.8 1.1 2.6 .2 2001 18.9 2.5 1.3 1.2 -.1 2002 16.8 3.2 .8 2.5 -.4 2003 17.2 2.8 .7 2.0 -.2 2004 16.9 6.9 1.3 5.6 (s) 2005 16.7 3.5 1.7 1.8 .3 2006 16.4 4.1 1.6 2.5 .1 2007 16.2 2.5 1.4 1.0 -.1 2008 15.6 3.6 2.0 1.6 .3 2009 11.1 .3 1.3 -1.0 -.1 2010 15.0 1.2 1.5 -.2 -.1 2011P 15.4 1.4 1.0 .4 (s) 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 2 Producer and distributor stocks at end of year. A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a

positive value indicates an increase.

3 "Consumption" is calculated as the sum of production and imports minus exports and stock change.

P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://ww

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearboo

• 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Chemicals, annual reports. • 1981-2004—EIA, Quarterly Coal Rereports. • 2005 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2011 (Ap
Figure 7.9 Coal Prices

Total, 1949-2011By Type, 1949-2011 By Type, 2011214 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0

20406080

Real (2005) Dollars1 per Short Ton

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

306090

120

Real (2005) Dollars1 per Short Ton

70.99

57.64

19.38

Anthracite Bituminous Lignite 

0

1020304050607080

Nominal Dollars2 per Short Ton Bituminous Coal Anthracite

Lignite

Coal 

Subbituminous Coal

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary. 2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. Source: Table 7.9.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 7.9 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Dollars per Short Ton)

Year

Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 1 Anthracite 

Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nom

1949 44.90 4,R33.80 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.37 R16.35 8.90 R61.38 51950 44.86 4,R33.16 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.41 R16.44 9.34 R63.73 51955 44.51 4,R27.17 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.38 R14.34 8.00 R48.19 41960 44.71 4,R25.31 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.29 R12.30 8.01 R43.04 41965 44.45 4,R22.32 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.13 R10.68 8.51 R42.69 41970 46.30 4,R25.89 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 1.86 R7.64 11.03 R45.32 61975 419.79 4,R58.91 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3.17 9.44 32.26 R96.04 191976 420.11 4,R56.62 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3.74 R10.53 33.92 R95.50 191977 420.59 4,R54.50 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4.03 R10.67 34.86 R92.26 191978 422.64 4,R55.99 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 5.68 R14.05 35.25 R87.18 211979 27.31 R62.35 9.55 R21.80 6.48 R14.80 41.06 R93.75 231980 29.17 R61.04 11.08 R23.18 7.60 R15.90 42.51 R88.95 241981 31.51 R60.28 12.18 R23.30 8.85 R16.93 44.28 R84.71 261982 32.15 R57.97 13.37 R24.11 9.79 R17.65 49.85 R89.89 271983 31.11 R53.96 13.03 R22.60 9.91 R17.19 52.29 R90.70 251984 30.63 R51.21 12.41 R20.75 10.45 R17.47 48.22 R80.61 251985 30.78 R49.94 12.57 R20.40 10.68 R17.33 45.80 R74.32 251986 28.84 R45.78 12.26 R19.46 10.64 R16.89 44.12 R70.04 231987 28.19 R43.49 11.32 R17.46 10.85 R16.74 43.65 R67.34 231988 27.66 R41.26 10.45 R15.59 10.06 R15.00 44.16 R65.87 221989 27.40 R39.38 10.16 R14.60 9.91 R14.24 42.93 R61.70 211990 27.43 R37.96 9.70 R13.42 10.13 R14.02 39.40 R54.52 211991 27.49 R36.74 9.68 R12.94 10.89 R14.55 36.34 R48.57 211992 26.78 R34.96 9.68 R12.64 10.81 R14.11 34.24 R44.70 211993 26.15 R33.40 9.33 R11.92 11.11 R14.19 32.94 R42.07 191994 25.68 R32.12 8.37 R10.47 10.77 R13.47 36.07 R45.12 191995 25.56 R31.32 8.10 9.93 10.83 R13.27 39.78 R48.75 181996 25.17 R30.27 7.87 R9.46 10.92 R13.13 36.78 R44.23 181997 24.64 R29.12 7.42 R8.77 10.91 R12.89 35.12 R41.50 181998 24.87 R29.06 6.96 R8.13 11.08 R12.95 42.91 R50.14 171999 23.92 R27.54 6.87 R7.91 11.04 R12.71 35.13 R40.45 162000 24.15 R27.22 7.12 R8.02 11.41 R12.86 40.90 R46.10 162001 25.36 R27.95 6.67 R7.35 11.52 R12.70 47.67 R52.54 172002 26.57 R28.82 7.34 R7.96 11.07 R12.01 47.78 R51.82 172003 26.73 R28.40 7.73 8.21 11.20 11.90 49.87 R52.98 172004 30.56 R31.57 8.12 8.39 12.27 12.68 39.77 R41.09 192005 36.80 36.80 8.68 8.68 13.49 13.49 41.00 41.00 232006 39.32 R38.09 9.95 9.64 14.00 13.56 43.61 R42.25 252007 40.80 R38.41 10.69 10.06 14.89 R14.02 52.24 R49.18 262008 51.39 R47.33 12.31 R11.34 16.50 R15.20 60.76 R55.96 312009 55.44 R50.52 13.35 R12.17 17.26 R15.73 57.10 R52.04 332010 R60.88 R54.85 R14.11 R12.71 R18.76 R16.90 R59.51 R53.62 R352011E 57.64 50.85 15.80 13.94 19.38 17.10 70.99 62.62 36

1 Because of withholding to protect company confidentiality, lignite prices exclude Texas for 1955–1977

and Montana for 1974–1978. As a result, lignite prices for 1974–1977 are for North Dakota only.

2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

4 Through 1978, subbituminous coal is included in "Bituminous Coal."

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Note: Prices are free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point

of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. For 1949–2000, prices are for open marketand captive coal sales; for 2001–2007, prices are for open market coal sales; for 2008 forward, prices arefor open market and captive coal sales. See "Captive Coal," "Free on Board (F.O.B.)," and "Open MarketCoal" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.go

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook. • 

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Coal—Bituminous and LignitYearbook. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous CMine Operations, and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1979—EIA, CoReport, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1980-1992—EIA, Coa• 1993-2000—EIA, Coal Industry Annual, annual reports and unpublished Annual Coal Report, annual reports. • 2011—EIA, Form EIA-7A, "CoaDepartment of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000and Coal Production Report."
Coal

Note 1. Coal Consumption. Data in this report on the consumption of bituminouscoal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, anthracite, and waste coal are developed primarilyfrom consumption data reported in surveys. Included are data reported by all electricpower companies and coke plant companies. Data on coal consumption by all industrial and manufacturing establishments are based on consumption data obtained quarterly from coal users. Beginning in 2008, data on coal consumption by the residentialand commercial sectors are based on data received on Form EIA-3, "Quarterly CoalConsumption and Quality Report–Manufacturing and Transformation/ProcessingCoal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users.” Prior to 2008, data on coalconsumption by the residential and commercial sectors are based on distribution dataobtained annually from coal distributors. Included in each sector’s data are thefollowing: Residential and Commercial Sectors—commercial and institutionalestablishments including military bases, universities, and various State facilities;Industrial Sector—consumption at manufacturing plants, coking plants, and coalpreparation plants; Electric Power Sector (electric utilities and independent powerproducers)—consumption for electric generation and useful thermal output atelectricity-only and CHP plants within the North American Industry ClassificationSystem (NAICS) 22 category, whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. There are no data for the Transportation Sector.

Note 2. Residential and Commercial Coal Cons

2007, coal consumption by the residential and commthe U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) EIA estimates the amount consumed by the sectoestimates, it is first assumed that an occupied coal-fuel at the same Btu rate as an oil-heated housing which data are available on the number of occupsource (1950, 1960, 1970, 1973–1981, and subsequTable 2.7), residential consumption of coal is estimratio is created of the number of occupied housinnumber of housing units heated by oil; that ratio quantity of oil consumed by the residential sector to quantity of coal consumed by the residential sectormated as the residential sector consumption is subtrcommercial sectors’ combined consumption to deestimated consumption. The 1950 share is applied t

years’ shares are interpolated.

Beginning in 2008, coal consumption is reported to Etional users. However, EIA continues to allocate a tion to the residential sector using the above methodo

216 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
8. El
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Figure 8.0 Electricity Flow, 2011

(Quadrillion Btu)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels.

2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,

and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

3 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. Derived for the diagram by

subtracting the “T & D Losses” estimate from “T & D Losses and Unaccounted for” derived fromTable 8.1.

4 Electric energy used in the operation of power plants.5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of

generation and delivery to the customer) are estimated a

6 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) prod

consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in dirprocess located within the same facility or group of facil

ment. Direct use is exclusive of station use. 

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • See Note, “Elect

end of Section 2. • Net generation of electricity includminus energy used for pumping. • Values are derived f

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of componen

Sources: Tables 8.1, 8.4a, 8.9, A6 (column 

Administration, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations R
Figure 8.1 Electricity Overview

Overview, 2011 Electricity Trade, 1949-2011Net-Generation-to-End-Use Flow, 2011(Billion Kilowatthours)220 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

2 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy

service providers.

3 See Table 8.1, footnote 8.

4 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses th

generation and delivery to the customer). See Note, “Electhe end of Section 2.

5 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. 

Sources: Tables 8.1 and 8.9.

3,955

8 142 52 15

3,726

130

Electric Com- Indus- Imports Exports Retail Direct

0

1,5003,0004,500

Billion Kilowatthours

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

102030405060

Billion Kilowatthours

Sales2 Use3

Power1 mercial trial

Net Generation Trade End Use
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Net Generation Trade

T & D Losses 5

and

Unaccounted

for 6

Electric Power

Sector 2

Commercial

Sector 3

Industrial

Sector 4 Total

Imports 1 Exports 1 Net Imports 1

Retail

Sales 7

From Canada Total To Canada Total Total 

1949 291 NA 5 296 NA 2 NA (s) 2 43 255 1950 329 NA 5 334 NA 2 NA (s) 2 44 291 1955 547 NA 3 550 NA 5 NA (s) 4 58 497 1960 756 NA 4 759 NA 5 NA 1 5 76 688 1965 1,055 NA 3 1,058 NA 4 NA 4 (s) 104 954 1970 1,532 NA 3 1,535 NA 6 NA 4 2 145 1,392 1975 1,918 NA 3 1,921 NA 11 NA 5 6 180 1,747 1976 2,038 NA 3 2,041 NA 11 NA 2 9 194 1,855 1977 2,124 NA 3 2,127 NA 20 NA 3 17 197 1,948 1978 2,206 NA 3 2,209 NA 21 NA 1 20 211 2,018 1979 2,247 NA 3 2,251 NA 23 NA 2 20 200 2,071 1980 2,286 NA 3 2,290 NA 25 NA 4 21 216 2,094 1981 2,295 NA 3 2,298 NA 36 NA 3 33 184 2,147 1982 2,241 NA 3 2,244 NA 33 NA 4 29 187 2,086 1983 2,310 NA 3 2,313 NA 39 NA 3 35 198 2,151 1984 2,416 NA 3 2,419 NA 42 NA 3 40 173 2,286 1985 2,470 NA 3 2,473 NA 46 NA 5 41 190 2,324 1986 2,487 NA 3 2,490 NA 41 NA 5 36 158 2,369 1987 2,572 NA 3 2,575 NA 52 NA 6 46 164 2,457 1988 2,704 NA 3 2,707 NA 39 NA 7 32 161 2,578 1989 22,848 4 4115 2,967 NA 26 NA 15 11 222 2,647 1990 2,901 6 131 3,038 16 18 16 16 2 203 2,713 1991 2,936 6 133 3,074 20 22 2 2 20 207 2,762 1992 2,934 6 143 3,084 26 28 2 3 25 212 2,763 1993 3,044 7 146 3,197 29 31 3 4 28 224 2,861 1994 3,089 8 151 3,248 45 47 1 2 45 211 2,935 1995 3,194 8 151 3,353 41 43 2 4 39 229 3,013 1996 3,284 9 151 3,444 42 43 2 3 40 231 3,101 1997 3,329 9 154 3,492 43 43 7 9 34 224 3,146 1998 3,457 9 154 3,620 40 40 12 14 26 221 3,264 1999 3,530 9 156 3,695 43 43 13 14 29 240 3,312 2000 3,638 8 157 3,802 49 49 13 15 34 244 3,421 2001 3,580 7 149 3,737 38 39 16 16 22 202 3,394 2002 3,698 7 153 3,858 37 37 15 16 21 248 3,465 2003 3,721 7 155 3,883 29 30 24 24 6 228 3,494 2004 3,808 8 154 3,971 33 34 22 23 11 266 3,547 2005 3,902 8 145 4,055 42 44 19 19 25 269 3,661 2006 3,908 8 148 4,065 42 43 23 24 18 266 3,670 2007 4,005 8 143 4,157 50 51 20 20 31 298 3,765 2008 3,974 8 137 4,119 56 57 24 24 33 287 3,733 2009 3,810 8 132 3,950 51 52 18 18 34 261 3,597 2010 R3,972 R9 R144 R4,125 44 45 R18 19 26 R265 R3,754 2011 P3,955 P8 P142 P4,106 P51 P52 P14 P15 P37 P287 P3,726 

1 Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus exports. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. Through 1988, data

are for industrial hydroelectric power only.

5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of generation and

delivery to the customer). See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.

6 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. 7 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy

service providers.

8 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either 

power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrfacility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=LesNotes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, 

Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#e

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electri1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related information.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors)

By Sector, 1989-2011 By Source Category, 2011 By Source, 2011By Source, 1949-2011222 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Wind, petroleum, wood, waste, geothermal, other gases, solar thermal and photovoltaic,

batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

2 Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped storage.

Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due Sources: Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2d.

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

2.8

0.8

0.5

Fossil Nuclear Renewable

0

1

2

3

Trillion Kilowatthours 

1

8%

25%

6%

Natural

Gas

Other

Electric Power

Hydroelectric

Power2

N

Elect

Fuels

Commercial and Industrial

Electric Power Energy

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Nuclear Ele
Figure 8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector

By Sector, 2011 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-20Industrial and Commercial Sectors, 2011

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels. 2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,

and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

(s) = Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.(ss) = Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.Sources: Tables 8.2b-8.2d.

4.0

0.1 (s)

Electric Power Industrial Commercial

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

C

5

(ss) 1 (ss) (ss) (ss) 2 (ss) 

82

26

18

8

2 2 1 (ss) 

Natural Gas Wood Coal Other Gases1 Petroleum Conventional Waste Solar/PV 

0

306090

Billion Kilowatthours

Industrial Commercial

Hydroelectric

Power
224 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Sum of Tables 8.2b and 8.2d; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 9 Wind Tot

7 Waste 8

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 6 ( ) 94.8 0.4 NA NA NA NA 951950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 .0 6 ( ) 100.9 .4 NA NA NA NA 101955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 .0 6 ( ) 116.2 .3 NA NA NA NA 1161960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 .5 6 ( ) 149.4 .1 NA (s) NA NA 1491965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 6 ( ) 197.0 .3 NA .2 NA NA 1971970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 6 ( ) 251.0 .1 .2 .5 NA NA 251975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 6 ( ) 303.2 (s) .2 3.2 NA NA 3061976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 6 ( ) 286.9 .1 .2 3.6 NA NA 2901977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 6 ( ) 223.6 .3 .2 3.6 NA NA 2271978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 6 ( ) 283.5 .2 .1 3.0 NA NA 2861979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 6 ( ) 283.1 .3 .2 3.9 NA NA 2871980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 6 ( ) 279.2 .3 .2 5.1 NA NA 2841981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 6 ( ) 263.8 .2 .1 5.7 NA NA 2691982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 6 ( ) 312.4 .2 .1 4.8 NA NA 3171983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 6 ( ) 335.3 .2 .2 6.1 NA (s) 341984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 6 ( ) 324.3 .5 .4 7.7 (s) (s) 3321985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 6 ( ) 284.3 .7 .6 9.3 (s) (s) 2951986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 6 ( ) 294.0 .5 .7 10.3 (s) (s) 3051987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 6 ( ) 252.9 .8 .7 10.8 (s) (s) 2651988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 6 ( ) 226.1 .9 .7 10.3 (s) (s) 238198911 1,583.8 164.4 352.6 7.9 2,108.6 529.4 6 ( ) 272.0 27.2 9.2 14.6 .3 2.1 3251990 1,594.0 126.5 372.8 10.4 2,103.6 576.9 -3.5 292.9 32.5 13.3 15.4 .4 2.8 3571991 1,590.6 119.8 381.6 11.3 2,103.3 612.6 -4.5 289.0 33.7 15.7 16.0 .5 3.0 3571992 1,621.2 100.2 404.1 13.3 2,138.7 618.8 -4.2 253.1 36.5 17.8 16.1 .4 2.9 3261993 1,690.1 112.8 414.9 13.0 2,230.7 610.3 -4.0 280.5 37.6 18.3 16.8 .5 3.0 3561994 1,690.7 105.9 460.2 13.3 2,270.1 640.4 -3.4 260.1 37.9 19.1 15.5 .5 3.4 3361995 1,709.4 74.6 496.1 13.9 2,293.9 673.4 -2.7 310.8 36.5 20.4 13.4 .5 3.2 3841996 1,795.2 81.4 455.1 14.4 2,346.0 674.7 -3.1 347.2 36.8 20.9 14.3 .5 3.2 4231997 1,845.0 92.6 479.4 13.4 2,430.3 628.6 -4.0 356.5 36.9 21.7 14.7 .5 3.3 4331998 1,873.5 128.8 531.3 13.5 2,547.1 673.7 -4.5 323.3 36.3 22.4 14.8 .5 3.0 4001999 1,881.1 118.1 556.4 14.1 2,569.7 728.3 -6.1 319.5 37.0 22.6 14.8 .5 4.5 3992000 1,966.3 111.2 601.0 14.0 2,692.5 753.9 -5.5 275.6 37.6 23.1 14.1 .5 5.6 3562001 1,904.0 124.9 639.1 9.0 2,677.0 768.8 -8.8 217.0 35.2 14.5 13.7 .5 6.7 2872002 1,933.1 94.6 691.0 11.5 2,730.2 780.1 -8.7 264.3 38.7 15.0 14.5 .6 10.4 3432003 1,973.7 119.4 649.9 15.6 2,758.6 763.7 -8.5 275.8 37.5 15.8 14.4 .5 11.2 3552004 1,978.3 121.1 710.1 15.3 2,824.8 788.5 -8.5 268.4 38.1 15.4 14.8 .6 14.1 352005 2,012.9 122.2 761.0 13.5 2,909.5 782.0 -6.6 270.3 38.9 15.4 14.7 .6 17.8 3572006 1,990.5 64.2 816.4 14.2 2,885.3 787.2 -6.6 289.2 38.8 16.1 14.6 .5 26.6 3852007 2,016.5 65.7 896.6 13.5 2,992.2 806.4 -6.9 247.5 39.0 16.5 14.6 .6 34.4 3522008 1,985.8 46.2 883.0 11.7 2,926.7 806.2 -6.3 254.8 37.3 17.7 14.8 .9 55.4 3802009 1,755.9 38.9 921.0 10.6 2,726.5 798.9 -4.6 273.4 36.1 18.4 15.0 .9 73.9 4172010 R1,847.3 R37.1 R987.7 R11.3 R2,883.4 807.0 R-5.5 R260.2 R37.2 R18.9 R15.2 R1.2 R94.7 R4272011P 1,734.3 28.2 1,016.6 11.3 2,790.3 790.2 -5.9 325.1 36.9 19.8 16.7 1.8 119.7 520

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived

fuels).

11 Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric utilities 

1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities. Beginning in 19independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of secti

of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#elec

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.2b for electric power sector, and Table 

forward—Tables 8.2b and 8.2d.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 9 Wind Total 7 Waste 8

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 6 ( ) 89.7 0.4 NA NA NA NA 90.1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 .0 6 ( ) 95.9 .4 NA NA NA NA 96.1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 .0 6 ( ) 113.0 .3 NA NA NA NA 113.1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 .5 6 ( ) 145.8 .1 NA (s) NA NA 146.1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 6 ( ) 193.9 .3 NA .2 NA NA 194.1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 6 ( ) 247.7 .1 .2 .5 NA NA 248.1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 6 ( ) 300.0 (s) .2 3.2 NA NA 303.1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 6 ( ) 283.7 .1 .2 3.6 NA NA 287.1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 6 ( ) 220.5 .3 .2 3.6 NA NA 224.1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 6 ( ) 280.4 .2 .1 3.0 NA NA 283.1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 6 ( ) 279.8 .3 .2 3.9 NA NA 284.1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 6 ( ) 276.0 .3 .2 5.1 NA NA 281.1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 6 ( ) 260.7 .2 .1 5.7 NA NA 266.1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 6 ( ) 309.2 .2 .1 4.8 NA NA 314.1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 6 ( ) 332.1 .2 .2 6.1 NA (s) 338.1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 6 ( ) 321.2 .5 .4 7.7 (s) (s) 329.1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 6 ( ) 281.1 .7 .6 9.3 (s) (s) 291.1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 6 ( ) 290.8 .5 .7 10.3 (s) (s) 302.1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 6 ( ) 249.7 .8 .7 10.8 (s) (s) 262.1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 6 ( ) 222.9 .9 .7 10.3 (s) (s) 234.198911 1,562.4 159.0 297.3 .5 2,019.1 529.4 6 ( ) 269.2 5.6 7.7 14.6 .3 2.1 299.1990 1,572.1 118.9 309.5 .6 2,001.1 576.9 -3.5 289.8 7.0 11.5 15.4 .4 2.8 326.1991 1,568.8 112.8 317.8 .7 2,000.1 612.6 -4.5 286.0 7.7 13.9 16.0 .5 3.0 327.1992 1,597.7 92.2 334.3 1.2 2,025.4 618.8 -4.2 250.0 8.5 15.9 16.1 .4 2.9 293.1993 1,665.5 105.4 342.2 1.0 2,114.1 610.3 -4.0 277.5 9.2 16.2 16.8 .5 3.0 323.1994 1,666.3 98.7 385.7 1.1 2,151.7 640.4 -3.4 254.0 9.2 17.0 15.5 .5 3.4 299.1995 1,686.1 68.1 419.2 1.9 2,175.3 673.4 -2.7 305.4 7.6 18.0 13.4 .5 3.2 348.1996 1,772.0 74.8 378.8 1.3 2,226.9 674.7 -3.1 341.2 8.4 17.8 14.3 .5 3.2 385.1997 1,820.8 86.5 399.6 1.5 2,308.4 628.6 -4.0 350.6 8.7 18.5 14.7 .5 3.3 396.1998 1,850.2 122.2 449.3 2.3 2,424.0 673.7 -4.5 317.9 8.6 19.2 14.8 .5 3.0 364.1999 1,858.6 111.5 473.0 1.6 2,444.8 728.3 -6.1 314.7 9.0 19.5 14.8 .5 4.5 362.2000 1,943.1 105.2 518.0 2.0 2,568.3 753.9 -5.5 271.3 8.9 20.3 14.1 .5 5.6 320.2001 1,882.8 119.1 554.9 .6 2,557.5 768.8 -8.8 213.7 8.3 12.9 13.7 .5 6.7 256.2002 1,910.6 89.7 607.7 2.0 2,610.0 780.1 -8.7 260.5 9.0 13.1 14.5 .6 10.4 308.2003 1,952.7 113.7 567.3 2.6 2,636.4 763.7 -8.5 271.5 9.5 13.8 14.4 .5 11.2 321.2004 1,957.2 114.7 627.2 3.6 2,702.6 788.5 -8.5 265.1 9.7 13.1 14.8 .6 14.1 317.2005 1,992.1 116.5 683.8 3.8 2,796.1 782.0 -6.6 267.0 10.6 13.0 14.7 .6 17.8 323.2006 1,969.7 59.7 734.4 4.3 2,768.1 787.2 -6.6 286.3 10.3 13.9 14.6 .5 26.6 352.2007 1,998.4 61.3 814.8 4.0 2,878.5 806.4 -6.9 245.8 10.7 14.3 14.6 .6 34.4 320.2008 1,968.8 42.9 802.4 3.2 2,817.3 806.2 -6.3 253.1 10.6 15.4 14.8 .9 55.4 350.2009 1,741.1 35.8 841.0 3.1 2,621.0 798.9 -4.6 271.5 10.7 16.0 15.0 .9 73.9 388.2010 R1,827.7 R34.7 R901.4 R3.0 R2,766.8 807.0 R-5.5 R258.5 R11.4 R16.4 R15.2 R1.2 94.6 R397.2011P 1,714.9 26.2 930.6 3.1 2,674.8 790.2 -5.9 323.1 10.5 17.2 16.7 1.8 119.7 489.

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours. 

Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and com

plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electrithe public. • See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP and electric"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independe

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electri

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity fo1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form 

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Plant Report." • 1982-1988—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EPower Plant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly PowEIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, FPlant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—NoForm EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 forward—EIA, Operations Report."
226 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2011

 (Breakout of Table 8.2b; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 9 Wind Tota

7 Waste 8

Electricity-Only Plants 11

1989 1,554.0 158.3 266.9 – 1,979.3 529.4 6 ( ) 269.2 4.2 6.9 14.6 0.3 2.1 297.1990 1,560.2 117.6 264.7 (s) 1,942.4 576.9 -3.5 289.8 5.6 10.4 15.4 .4 2.8 324.1995 1,658.0 62.0 317.4 (s) 2,037.4 673.4 -2.7 305.4 5.9 16.3 13.4 .5 3.2 344.1996 1,742.8 68.5 272.8 (s) 2,084.1 674.7 -3.1 341.2 6.5 16.1 14.3 .5 3.2 381.1997 1,793.2 80.3 291.1 (s) 2,164.6 628.6 -4.0 350.6 6.5 16.4 14.7 .5 3.3 392.1998 1,823.0 115.7 335.9 .1 2,274.6 673.7 -4.5 317.9 6.6 17.0 14.8 .5 3.0 359.1999 1,832.1 104.8 356.6 (s) 2,293.6 728.3 -6.1 314.7 7.3 17.1 14.8 .5 4.5 358.2000 1,910.6 98.0 399.4 .2 2,408.2 753.9 -5.5 271.3 7.3 17.6 14.1 .5 5.6 316.2001 1,851.8 113.2 427.0 (s) 2,392.0 768.8 -8.8 213.7 6.6 11.3 13.7 .5 6.7 252.2002 1,881.2 83.3 456.8 .2 2,421.5 780.1 -8.7 260.5 7.3 11.2 14.5 .6 10.4 304.2003 1,915.8 108.5 421.2 .3 2,445.7 763.7 -8.5 271.5 7.4 11.9 14.4 .5 11.2 317.2004 1,921.1 109.4 491.2 .4 2,522.0 788.5 -8.5 265.1 8.1 11.8 14.8 .6 14.1 314.2005 1,955.5 111.2 553.2 (s) 2,619.9 782.0 -6.6 267.0 8.5 11.7 14.7 .6 17.8 320.2006 1,933.7 55.2 618.0 (s) 2,607.0 787.2 -6.6 286.2 8.3 12.5 14.6 .5 26.6 348.2007 1,962.0 56.9 686.3 .1 2,705.3 806.4 -6.9 245.8 8.7 12.9 14.6 .6 34.4 317.2008 1,932.0 39.3 683.3 (s) 2,654.6 806.2 -6.3 253.1 8.6 14.0 14.8 .9 55.4 346.2009 1,711.9 31.9 722.7 .1 2,466.6 798.9 -4.6 271.5 8.5 14.3 15.0 .9 73.9 384.2010 R1,797.5 R32.4 R779.4 .1 R2,609.3 807.0 R-5.5 R258.5 R9.3 R14.7 R15.2 R1.2 94.6 R393.2011P 1,687.9 24.1 809.2 (s) 2,521.2 790.2 -5.9 323.1 8.5 15.5 16.7 1.8 119.7 485.

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12

1989 8.4 0.7 30.4 0.5 39.9 – – – 1.3 0.9 – – – 2.1990 11.9 1.3 44.8 .6 58.7 – – – 1.4 1.1 – – – 2.1995 28.1 6.1 101.7 1.9 137.9 – – – 1.7 1.7 – – – 3.1996 29.2 6.3 105.9 1.3 142.7 – – – 1.9 1.7 – – – 3.1997 27.6 6.2 108.5 1.5 143.7 – – – 2.2 2.1 – – – 4.1998 27.2 6.6 113.4 2.3 149.4 – – – 2.0 2.3 – – – 4.1999 26.6 6.7 116.4 1.6 151.2 – – – 1.7 2.4 – – – 4.2000 32.5 7.2 118.6 1.8 160.2 – – – 1.6 2.7 – – – 4.2001 31.0 6.0 128.0 .6 165.5 – – – 1.7 1.7 – – – 3.2002 29.4 6.5 150.9 1.7 188.5 – – – 1.7 2.0 – – – 3.2003 36.9 5.2 146.1 2.4 190.6 – – – 2.1 1.9 – – – 4.2004 36.1 5.3 136.0 3.2 180.6 – – – 1.6 1.3 – – – 2.2005 36.5 5.3 130.7 3.8 176.2 – – (s) 2.1 1.3 – – – 3.2006 36.0 4.5 116.4 4.2 161.1 – – (s) 2.0 1.4 – – – 3.2007 36.4 4.4 128.4 3.9 173.2 – – (s) 2.0 1.4 – – – 3.2008 36.9 3.6 119.0 3.2 162.7 – – (s) 2.0 1.4 – – – 3.2009 29.2 3.9 118.3 3.0 154.4 – – (s) 2.3 1.7 – – – 3.2010 R30.3 R2.3 R122.0 R2.9 R157.5 – – R – R2.1 1.6 – – – R3.2011P 26.9 2.1 121.4 3.1 153.6 – – – 2.0 1.7 – – – 3.

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the

public. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category 

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility Cunder "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 billioNotes: • See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP and electr

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Planend of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independe

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 

Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer RepoEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant RepoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2011

 (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Geothemal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind Total 6 Waste 7

Commercial Sector 10

1989 0.7 0.6 2.2 0.1 3.6 – – 0.1 0.1 0.5 – – – 0.7 1990 .8 .6 3.3 .1 4.8 – – .1 .1 .8 – – – 1.1 1995 1.0 .4 5.2 – 6.5 – – .1 .1 1.5 – – – 1.7 1996 1.1 .4 5.2 (s) 6.7 – – .1 .1 2.2 – – – 2.4 1997 1.0 .4 4.7 (s) 6.2 – – .1 (s) 2.3 – – – 2.5 1998 1.0 .4 4.9 (s) 6.3 – – .1 (s) 2.3 – – – 2.5 1999 1.0 .4 4.6 (s) 6.0 – – .1 (s) 2.4 – – – 2.5 2000 1.1 .4 4.3 (s) 5.8 – – .1 (s) 2.0 – – – 2.1 2001 1.0 .4 4.4 (s) 5.9 – – .1 (s) 1.0 – – – 1.1 2002 1.0 .4 4.3 (s) 5.7 – – (s) (s) 1.1 – – – 1.1 2003 1.2 .4 3.9 – 5.5 – – .1 (s) 1.3 – – – 1.4 2004 1.3 .5 4.0 – 5.8 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 1.7 2005 1.4 .4 4.2 – 6.0 – – .1 (s) 1.7 – – – 1.8 2006 1.3 .2 4.4 (s) 5.9 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 1.7 2007 1.4 .2 4.3 – 5.8 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 1.7 2008 1.3 .1 4.2 – 5.6 – – .1 (s) 1.5 – (s) – 1.6 2009 1.1 .2 4.2 – 5.5 – – .1 (s) 1.7 – (s) (s) 1.8 2010 1.1 .1 R4.7 R(s) R6.0 – – .1 (s) 1.7 – (s) (s) 1.8 2011P 1.0 .1 4.5 (s) 5.6 – – .1 (s) 1.7 – (s) (s) 1.9 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 20.7 4.8 53.2 7.3 85.9 – – 2.7 21.6 0.9 – – – 25.2 1990 21.1 7.0 60.0 9.6 97.8 – – 3.0 25.4 .9 – – – 29.3 1995 22.4 6.0 71.7 11.9 112.1 – – 5.3 28.9 .9 – – – 35.1 1996 22.2 6.3 71.0 13.0 112.5 – – 5.9 28.4 .9 – – – 35.2 1997 23.2 5.6 75.1 11.8 115.8 – – 5.7 28.2 .9 – – – 34.8 1998 22.3 6.2 77.1 11.2 116.8 – – 5.3 27.7 .9 – – – 33.9 1999 21.5 6.1 78.8 12.5 118.9 – – 4.8 28.1 .7 – – – 33.5 2000 22.1 5.6 78.8 11.9 118.4 – – 4.1 28.7 .8 – – – 33.6 2001 20.1 5.3 79.8 8.5 113.6 – – 3.1 26.9 .6 – – – 30.6 2002 21.5 4.4 79.0 9.5 114.4 – – 3.8 29.6 .8 – – – 34.3 2003 19.8 5.3 78.7 13.0 116.8 – – 4.2 28.0 .7 – – – 32.9 2004 19.8 6.0 79.0 11.7 116.4 – – 3.2 28.4 .8 – – – 32.4 2005 19.5 5.4 72.9 9.7 107.4 – – 3.2 28.3 .7 – – – 32.2 2006 19.5 4.2 77.7 9.9 111.3 – – 2.9 28.4 .6 – – – 31.9 2007 16.7 4.2 77.6 9.4 107.9 – – 1.6 28.3 .6 – – – 30.5 2008 15.7 3.2 76.4 8.5 103.9 – – 1.7 26.6 .8 – – – 29.1 2009 13.7 3.0 75.7 7.6 100.0 – – 1.9 25.3 .7 – – – 27.9 2010 18.4 R2.3 R81.6 R8.3 R110.6 – – R1.7 R25.7 R.9 – (s) – R28.2 2011P 18.4 1.8 81.5 8.1 109.9 – – 1.8 26.4 .9 – (s) (s) 29.1 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only p

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion Notes: • See Tables 8.2b and 8.2c for electric power sector electricity-onl

1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plaat end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independ

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electri

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity fo1989. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related information.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), For

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant ReporEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat • 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants

Total (All Sectors), 1989-2011 Total (All Sectors) by Source, 2011By Sector, 1989-2011 By Sector, 2011228 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels.

2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, 

and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-bfuels).

Sources: Tables 8.3a–8.3c.

543 522

296

103

Wood Natural Coal Other 

0

100200300400500600

Trillion Btu

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

Gases1

1.2

0.3

Industrial Electric Power 

0.00.6

1.2

1.8

Quadrillion BtuIndustrial

Gas

Commercial

Electric Power

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-

 (Sum of Tables 8.3b and 8.3c; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total

Biomass

Wood Total 5 Waste 6

1989 323 96 462 93 973 546 30 577 1990 363 127 538 141 1,168 651 36 687 1991 352 112 547 148 1,159 623 37 660 1992 367 117 592 160 1,236 658 40 698 1993 373 129 604 142 1,248 668 45 713 1994 388 133 646 144 1,309 722 45 767 1995 386 121 686 145 1,338 721 47 768 1996 392 133 711 150 1,385 701 55 756 1997 389 137 713 150 1,389 731 55 785 1998 382 136 782 167 1,466 700 57 757 1999 386 125 811 179 1,501 690 55 744 2000 384 108 812 184 1,488 707 56 764 2001 354 90 741 133 1,318 557 28 585 2002 337 73 709 118 1,236 546 26 572 2003 333 85 610 110 1,139 597 35 632 2004 352 97 654 126 1,230 637 30 667 2005 342 92 624 138 1,197 628 36 665 2006 333 78 603 126 1,140 653 37 690 2007 327 76 554 116 1,074 616 35 651 2008 315 48 509 111 983 572 38 610 2009 282 53 513 100 947 509 38 547 2010 R300 R41 R524 R91 R958 R542 R40 R581 2011P 296 36 522 103 956 543 37 580 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fro

fuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data do not include electric utility combined-heat-a

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • See "Usemay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.
230 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 19

 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total

Biomass

Wood Total 5 Waste 6

1989 13 8 67 2 90 19 5 24 1990 21 9 80 4 114 18 6 25 1991 21 6 82 4 113 17 9 26 1992 28 6 102 5 140 17 8 25 1993 30 8 107 3 147 16 8 24 1994 37 9 119 5 170 15 10 24 1995 40 13 118 4 176 15 12 27 1996 43 12 121 4 180 16 16 33 1997 39 12 132 8 191 16 14 30 1998 43 6 142 5 196 10 16 26 1999 52 7 146 4 208 10 20 30 2000 53 7 158 5 223 6 19 26 2001 52 6 164 5 226 8 4 13 2002 40 4 214 6 264 8 5 13 2003 38 7 200 9 255 9 11 20 2004 39 8 239 18 305 9 9 17 2005 40 8 239 37 323 10 8 18 2006 38 7 207 23 275 10 7 17 2007 38 7 213 20 279 11 8 19 2008 37 7 204 22 270 9 8 17 2009 38 7 191 20 256 9 8 18 2010 R38 6 R187 R20 R251 R10 8 R18 2011P 37 6 197 22 262 9 7 16 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plan

primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public. Data • See Table 8.3c for commercial and industrial CHP data. Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energ"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administratio

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 foOperations Report."
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Secto

 Selected Years, 1989-2011 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Other Coal 7 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total

Biomass

Wood Total 5 Waste 6

Commercial Sector 8

1989 14 4 10 (s) 27 (s) 10 10 – 1990 15 5 16 (s) 36 (s) 10 11 – 1995 17 3 29 – 48 (s) 15 15 (s) 1996 20 3 33 R – 55 1 17 18 – 1997 22 4 40 (s) 66 1 19 20 – 1998 20 5 39 (s) 64 1 18 18 – 1999 20 3 37 R – 61 1 17 17 – 2000 21 4 39 R – 64 1 17 18 – 2001 18 4 35 – 58 1 8 8 6 2002 18 3 36 – 57 1 6 7 5 2003 23 3 17 – 42 1 8 8 6 2004 22 4 22 – 49 (s) 8 9 6 2005 23 4 20 – 47 (s) 8 9 6 2006 22 2 19 (s) 44 (s) 9 9 6 2007 23 2 20 – 44 1 6 7 4 2008 23 2 20 – 45 (s) 9 9 6 2009 20 1 26 – 47 (s) 8 8 6 2010 R19 1 R30 R (s) R50 (s) R885 2011P 17 1 28 (s) 46 (s) 8 8 6 

Industrial Sector 9

1989 297 84 385 90 856 527 15 542 38 1990 327 113 443 137 1,019 632 20 652 40 1995 329 105 540 140 1,114 706 20 726 44 1996 329 118 557 146 1,150 684 21 705 43 1997 328 121 541 142 1,132 713 22 735 53 1998 318 124 601 162 1,206 689 24 713 46 1999 313 115 629 175 1,233 679 18 697 48 2000 309 98 615 179 1,201 700 20 720 50 2001 284 80 542 128 1,034 548 16 564 46 2002 278 66 458 112 914 537 15 552 39 2003 272 75 393 101 842 588 16 604 46 2004 290 85 393 108 876 628 13 641 35 2005 280 81 364 102 827 618 20 638 32 2006 272 69 377 103 821 642 21 663 39 2007 266 67 322 96 751 605 21 625 38 2008 255 39 285 89 668 563 21 584 13 2009 223 45 296 80 644 500 21 521 22 2010 R243 R34 R308 R72 R657 R531 R24 R556 R18 2011P 241 29 297 81 648 533 23 557 5 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. 9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion BNotes: • See Table 8.3b for electric power sector CHP data. • See Note 

Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of comprounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity fo

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "AReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 forward—EIA, FOperations Report."
Figure 8.4 Consumption for Electricity Generation

By Major Category, 1949-2011 By Major Fuel, 2011By Major Source, 1949-2011 By Sector, 1989-2011232 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Conventional hydroelectric power.2 Geothermal, other gases, electricity net imports, solar thermal and photovoltaic energy,

batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,

and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-fuels). 3 Combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of 

Sources: Tables 8.4a-8.4c.

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy

Nuclear Electric Power

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

18.0

8.3 8.1

3.2

1.2

0

Coal Nuclear Natural Hydro- Wind Wo

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

Electric

Power

Gas Electric

Power1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

06

12

1824

Quadrillion Btu

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2

0

153045

Quadrillion Btu

Coal 

Nuclear Electric Power

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Renewable

Energy

Co
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Yea

 (Sum of Tables 8.4b and 8.4c; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 5

Renewable Energy

Other 

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal 5 Solar/PV 5,8 Wind Wood 5 Total 6 Waste 7

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 1,425 6 NA NA NA NA 1,431 NA 1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 1,415 5 NA NA NA NA 1,421 NA 1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 1,360 3 NA NA NA NA 1,363 NA 1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 1,608 2 NA (s) NA NA 1,610 NA 1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 2,059 3 NA 2 NA NA 2,064 NA 1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 2,634 1 2 6 NA NA 2,643 NA 1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 3,155 (s) 2 34 NA NA 3,190 NA 1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 2,976 1 2 38 NA NA 3,017 NA 1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 2,333 3 2 37 NA NA 2,376 NA 1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 2,937 2 1 31 NA NA 2,971 NA 1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 2,931 3 2 40 NA NA 2,976 NA 1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 2,900 3 2 53 NA NA 2,957 NA 1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 2,758 3 1 59 NA NA 2,821 NA 1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 3,266 2 1 51 NA NA 3,320 NA 1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 3,527 2 2 64 NA (s) 3,595 NA 1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 3,386 5 4 81 (s) (s) 3,476 NA 1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 2,970 8 7 97 (s) (s) 3,082 NA 1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 3,071 5 7 108 (s) (s) 3,191 NA 1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 2,635 8 7 112 (s) (s) 2,762 NA 1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 2,334 10 8 106 (s) (s) 2,458 NA 1989 1116,359 111,756 113,582 90 1121,788 115,602 122,837 11345 11151 11152 113 1122 113,510 31990 16,477 1,366 3,791 112 21,746 6,104 3,046 442 211 161 4 29 3,893 36 1991 16,460 1,276 3,861 125 21,723 6,422 3,016 425 247 167 5 31 3,889 51992 16,686 1,076 3,999 141 21,903 6,479 2,617 481 283 167 4 30 3,582 40 1993 17,424 1,203 4,027 136 22,790 6,410 2,892 485 288 173 5 31 3,874 34 1994 17,485 1,135 4,476 136 23,233 6,694 2,683 498 301 160 5 36 3,683 40 1995 17,687 813 4,840 133 23,473 7,075 3,205 480 316 138 5 33 4,177 42 1996 18,650 888 4,400 159 24,097 7,087 3,590 513 324 148 5 33 4,613 37 1997 19,128 985 4,658 119 24,890 6,597 3,640 484 339 150 5 34 4,653 36 1998 19,417 1,378 5,205 125 26,124 7,068 3,297 475 332 151 5 31 4,290 36 1999 19,467 1,285 5,441 126 26,320 7,610 3,268 490 332 152 5 46 4,292 42000 20,411 1,212 5,818 126 27,567 7,862 2,811 496 330 144 5 57 3,843 46 2001 19,789 1,347 6,001 97 27,235 8,029 2,242 486 228 142 6 70 3,173 160 2002 19,997 1,014 6,250 131 27,392 8,145 2,689 605 257 147 6 105 3,809 192003 20,367 1,266 5,736 156 27,525 7,959 2,825 519 249 148 5 115 3,860 193 2004 20,376 1,248 5,827 135 27,586 8,222 2,690 344 230 148 6 142 3,560 183 2005 20,802 1,269 6,212 110 28,393 8,161 2,703 355 230 147 6 178 3,619 173 2006 20,527 668 6,644 115 27,954 8,215 2,869 350 241 145 5 264 3,873 162 2007 20,842 683 7,288 115 28,927 8,455 2,446 353 245 145 6 341 3,536 168 2008 20,549 485 7,087 97 28,218 8,427 2,511 339 267 146 9 546 3,817 172 2009 18,241 403 7,302 84 26,029 8,356 2,669 320 272 146 9 721 4,137 170 2010 R19,196 R386 R7,853 R90 R27,525 R8,434 R2,539 R350 R281 R148 R12 R923 R4,253 R184 2011P 18,044 291 8,051 91 26,477 8,259 3,171 333 287 163 18 1,168 5,140 162 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of

section.

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.

12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities and industrial plants. 

electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and indu

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data a

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combine• This table no longer shows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumpwas made because most of the electricity used to pump water into elevated by plants other than pumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy data columns in this table. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electric

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.4b for electric power sector, and T

sector. • 1989 forward—Tables 8.4b and 8.4c.
234 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, 

 Selected Years, 1949-2011 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 5

Renewable Energy

Other 9

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal 5 Solar/PV 5,8 Wind Wood 5 Total 6 Waste 7

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 1,349 6 NA NA NA NA 1,355 NA 1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 1,346 5 NA NA NA NA 1,351 NA 1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 1,322 3 NA NA NA NA 1,325 NA 1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 1,569 2 NA (s) NA NA 1,571 NA 1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 2,026 3 NA 2 NA NA 2,031 NA 1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 2,600 1 2 6 NA NA 2,609 NA 1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 3,122 (s) 2 34 NA NA 3,158 NA 1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 2,943 1 2 38 NA NA 2,983 NA 1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 2,301 3 2 37 NA NA 2,343 NA 1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 2,905 2 1 31 NA NA 2,940 NA 1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 2,897 3 2 40 NA NA 2,942 NA 1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 2,867 3 2 53 NA NA 2,925 NA 1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 2,725 3 1 59 NA NA 2,788 NA 1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 3,233 2 1 51 NA NA 3,286 NA 1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 3,494 2 2 64 NA (s) 3,562 NA 1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 3,353 5 4 81 (s) (s) 3,443 NA 1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 2,937 8 7 97 (s) (s) 3,049 NA 1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 3,038 5 7 108 (s) (s) 3,158 NA 1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 2,602 8 7 112 (s) (s) 2,729 NA 1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 2,302 10 8 106 (s) (s) 2,425 NA 1989 1116,121 111,697 113,107 7 1120,932 115,602 112,808 1175 11126 11152 113 1122 113,187 2 1990 16,235 1,281 3,233 6 20,755 6,104 3,014 106 180 161 4 29 3,493 (s) 1991 16,223 1,199 3,296 6 20,725 6,422 2,985 104 217 167 5 31 3,509 4 1992 16,431 990 3,407 12 20,840 6,479 2,586 120 252 167 4 30 3,158 3 1993 17,159 1,122 3,426 12 21,719 6,410 2,861 129 255 173 5 31 3,454 3 1994 17,215 1,056 3,851 12 22,134 6,694 2,620 134 269 160 5 36 3,224 2 1995 17,416 743 4,179 18 22,356 7,075 3,149 106 282 138 5 33 3,713 2 1996 18,375 810 3,730 16 22,930 7,087 3,528 117 280 148 5 33 4,112 2 1997 18,855 917 3,981 14 23,768 6,597 3,581 117 292 150 5 34 4,179 1 1998 19,162 1,306 4,520 23 25,011 7,068 3,241 125 287 151 5 31 3,840 2 1999 19,214 1,211 4,742 14 25,181 7,610 3,218 125 290 152 5 46 3,836 1 2000 20,153 1,145 5,120 19 26,438 7,862 2,768 126 294 144 5 57 3,394 1 2001 19,549 1,280 5,290 9 26,128 8,029 2,209 116 205 142 6 70 2,747 109 2002 19,733 955 5,522 25 26,235 8,145 2,650 141 224 147 6 105 3,273 137 2003 20,137 1,199 5,009 30 26,374 7,959 2,781 156 216 148 5 115 3,421 136 2004 20,217 1,202 5,209 27 26,655 8,222 2,656 150 206 148 6 142 3,308 131 2005 20,649 1,227 5,643 24 27,543 8,161 2,670 166 205 147 6 178 3,372 116 2006 20,377 635 6,055 28 27,095 8,215 2,839 163 216 145 5 264 3,632 117 2007 20,723 651 6,681 27 28,083 8,455 2,430 165 221 145 6 341 3,307 117 2008 20,431 463 6,516 23 27,434 8,427 2,494 159 242 146 9 546 3,596 122 2009 18,135 382 6,731 21 25,270 8,356 2,650 160 244 146 9 721 3,931 115 2010 R19,043 R371 R7,242 20 R26,675 R8,434 R2,521 R177 R249 R148 R12 R923 R4,031 R116 2011P 17,897 278 7,433 20 25,629 8,259 3,153 160 256 163 18 1,168 4,917 117 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of

section.

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed to

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined

• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heatthe NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or ele• See Table 8.4c for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only shows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plants. The cof the electricity used to pump water into elevated storage reservoirs is pumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy is already accounted ftable. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "ClaEnergy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of crounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electrici

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: Electricity Net Imports: Tables 8.1 and A6. All Other Dat

8.5b, A1, A4, A5, and A6. • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Adm"Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonuti• 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and FGenerator Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-9• 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-9Plant Report." • 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operatio
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sector

 Selected Years, 1989-2011 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy

Other 9

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV 5,8 Wind Wood 5 Total 6 Waste 7

Commercial Sector 10

1989 9 7 18 1 36 – 1 2 9 – – – 12 – 1990 9 6 28 1 45 – 1 2 15 – – – 18 – 1995 12 4 44 – 60 – 1 1 21 – – – 23 (s) 1996 14 4 44 (s) 62 – 1 1 31 – – – 33 (s) 1997 14 5 40 (s) 59 – 1 1 34 – – – 35 (s) 1998 11 5 42 (s) 57 – 1 1 32 – – – 34 – 1999 12 6 40 (s) 57 – 1 (s) 33 – – – 35 (s) 2000 12 5 38 (s) 55 – 1 (s) 26 – – – 28 (s) 2001 13 6 37 (s) 56 – 1 (s) 15 – – – 16 7 2002 9 4 31 (s) 44 – (s) (s) 18 – – – 19 11 2003 13 5 39 – 58 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 21 11 2004 8 5 34 – 46 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 21 11 2005 8 4 35 – 46 – 1 (s) 20 – – – 21 10 2006 8 2 35 (s) 45 – 1 (s) 21 – – – 22 10 2007 8 2 35 – 44 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 20 10 2008 8 1 34 – 43 – 1 (s) 20 – (s) – 21 11 2009 7 1 35 – 43 – 1 (s) 23 – (s) (s) 24 13 2010 7 1 R40 R(s) R48 – 1 (s) R24 – (s) (s) R25 R14 2011P 6 1 39 (s) 45 – 1 (s) 24 – (s) (s) 25 14 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 229 52 456 83 820 – 28 267 15 – – – 311 37 1990 233 79 530 104 946 – 31 335 16 – – – 382 36 1995 259 66 617 114 1,057 – 55 373 13 – – – 440 40 1996 261 74 626 143 1,104 – 61 394 13 – – – 468 35 1997 260 63 637 105 1,064 – 58 367 14 – – – 439 36 1998 245 67 643 102 1,056 – 55 349 13 – – – 417 35 1999 242 68 660 112 1,081 – 49 364 8 – – – 422 39 2000 245 61 660 107 1,074 – 42 369 10 – – – 421 45 2001 227 62 674 88 1,051 – 33 370 7 – – – 410 44 2002 255 55 697 106 1,113 – 39 464 15 – – – 518 43 2003 217 61 687 127 1,093 – 43 362 13 – – – 419 46 2004 151 42 585 108 885 – 33 194 5 – – – 231 41 2005 145 39 534 85 804 – 32 189 5 – – – 226 46 2006 143 31 554 87 814 – 29 187 3 – – – 219 35 2007 111 30 572 88 800 – 16 188 4 – – – 208 41 2008 109 21 537 73 740 – 17 179 5 – – – 200 39 2009 99 20 535 62 716 – 18 160 4 – – – 182 42 2010 R146 R14 R570 R70 R801 – 16 R172 R8 – (s) – R197 R55 2011P 141 12 580 71 803 – 18 173 8 – (s) (s) 199 31 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only p

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – =Not applicable. – =No data reported. (s)=Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. • See T

sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electri"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity fo

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant ReportEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat • 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation (All Sectors), 1989-2011

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste236 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Residual Fuel Oil

Total Petroleum

Source: Table 8.5a.

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0

0.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.8

Quadrillion Btu

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0

50

100150200250300

Million Barrels
Figure 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2011

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

7.3

0.6

Electric Power Industrial2 

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet

—CHP1

1 Combined-heat-and-power plants.

2 Combined-heat-and-power and electricity-only plants.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million short tons.(ss)=Less than 0.05 trillion cubic feet.(sss)=Less than 0.5 million barrels.Sources: Tables 8.5b-8.5d.

Electricity-Only

Plants

925

8 0

Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Short Tons

(s)

Electricity-Only

Plants

CHP1

—CHP1

47

2 0

Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2

0

204060

Million Barrels

416

181

Electric Power Industrial2 

0

100200300400500

Trillion Btu Electricity-Only Plants Electricity-Only Plants

CHP1

(sss)
238 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Ye

 (Sum of Tables 8.5b and 8.5d)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Biomas

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 Wood 8 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu Trillion B

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 6 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 5 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 3 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 2 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 3 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA (s) 1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 3 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 2 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 3 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 3 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 3 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 2 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 2 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 5 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 8 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 5 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 8 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 10 198911 781,672 27,733 249,614 303 667 280,986 3,485,429 90 345 1990 792,457 18,143 190,652 437 1,914 218,800 3,691,563 112 442 1991 793,666 16,564 177,780 380 1,789 203,669 3,764,778 125 425 1992 805,140 14,493 144,467 759 2,504 172,241 3,899,718 141 481 1993 842,153 16,845 159,059 715 3,169 192,462 3,928,653 136 485 1994 848,796 22,365 145,225 929 3,020 183,618 4,367,148 136 498 1995 860,594 19,615 95,507 680 3,355 132,578 4,737,871 133 480 1996 907,209 20,252 106,055 1,712 3,322 144,626 4,312,458 159 513 1997 931,949 20,309 118,741 237 4,086 159,715 4,564,770 119 484 1998 946,295 25,062 172,728 549 4,860 222,640 5,081,384 125 475 1999 949,802 25,951 158,187 974 4,552 207,871 5,321,984 126 490 2000 994,933 31,675 143,381 1,450 3,744 195,228 5,691,481 126 496 2001 972,691 31,150 165,312 855 3,871 216,672 5,832,305 97 486 2002 987,583 23,286 109,235 1,894 6,836 168,597 6,126,062 131 605 2003 1,014,058 29,672 142,518 2,947 6,303 206,653 5,616,135 156 519 2004 1,020,523 20,163 142,088 2,856 7,677 203,494 5,674,580 135 344 2005 1,041,448 20,651 141,518 2,968 8,330 206,785 6,036,370 110 355 2006 1,030,556 13,174 58,473 2,174 7,363 110,634 6,461,615 115 350 2007 1,046,795 15,683 63,833 2,917 6,036 112,615 7,089,342 115 353 2008 1,042,335 12,832 38,191 2,822 5,417 80,932 6,895,843 97 339 2009 934,683 12,658 28,576 2,328 4,821 67,668 7,121,069 84 320 2010 R979,684 R14,050 R23,997 R2,056 R4,994 R65,071 R7,680,185 R90 R350 2011P 932,911 10,775 14,246 1,707 4,561 49,533 7,880,481 91 333 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949–1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949–1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980–2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogen

fuels).

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, da

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also 

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-hea• See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • Totcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity 

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for a1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related information.

Sources: Tables 8.5b and 8.5d.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector,

 Selected Years, 1949-2011 (Subset of Table 8.5a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Bio

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 Wood 8 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu Trillio

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 6 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 5 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 3 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 2 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 3 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA (s) 1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 3 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 2 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 3 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 3 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 3 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 2 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 2 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 5 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 8 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 5 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 8 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 10 198911 771,551 26,036 242,708 9 517 271,340 3,023,513 7 75 1990 781,301 16,394 183,285 25 1,008 204,745 3,147,289 6 106 1991 782,653 14,255 171,629 58 974 190,810 3,216,056 6 104 1992 793,390 12,469 137,681 118 1,490 157,719 3,324,963 12 120 1993 829,851 14,559 151,407 213 2,571 179,034 3,344,239 12 129 1994 836,113 20,241 137,198 667 2,256 169,387 3,758,484 12 134 1995 847,854 18,066 88,895 441 2,452 119,663 4,093,773 18 106 1996 894,400 18,472 98,795 567 2,467 130,168 3,659,810 16 117 1997 919,009 18,646 112,423 130 3,201 147,202 3,903,195 14 117 1998 934,126 23,166 165,875 411 3,999 209,447 4,415,813 23 125 1999 937,888 23,875 151,921 514 3,607 194,345 4,643,775 14 125 2000 982,713 29,722 138,047 403 3,155 183,946 5,014,071 19 126 2001 961,523 29,056 159,150 374 3,308 205,119 5,142,493 9 116 2002 975,251 21,810 104,577 1,243 5,705 156,154 5,408,279 25 141 2003 1,003,036 27,441 137,361 1,937 5,719 195,336 4,909,248 30 156 2004 1,012,459 18,793 138,831 2,511 7,135 195,809 5,075,339 27 150 2005 1,033,567 19,450 138,337 2,591 7,877 199,760 5,484,780 24 166 2006 1,022,802 12,578 56,347 1,783 6,905 105,235 5,891,222 28 163 2007 1,041,346 15,135 62,072 2,496 5,523 107,316 6,501,612 27 165 2008 1,036,891 12,318 37,222 2,608 5,000 77,149 6,342,331 23 159 2009 929,692 11,848 27,768 2,110 4,485 64,151 6,566,991 21 160 2010 R971,245 R13,677 R23,560 R1,848 R4,679 R62,477 R7,085,416 20 R177 2011P 924,523 10,513 13,914 1,564 4,281 47,398 7,278,562 20 160 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949–1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949–1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980–2000,electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data a

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or ele• See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only datElectricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Esection. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rou

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#elect

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form 

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CommissionPlant Report." • 1982-1988—U.S. Energy Information Administration (Power Plant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly PoEIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—NForm EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 forward—EIAOperations Report."
240 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant 

 Selected Years, 1989-2011 (Breakout of Table 8.5b)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Bioma

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 Wood 8 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu Trillion 

Electricity-Only Plants 11

1989 767,378 25,574 241,960 3 517 270,125 2,790,567 – 59 1990 774,213 14,956 181,231 17 1,008 201,246 2,794,110 (s) 87 1995 832,928 16,169 86,584 133 1,082 108,297 3,287,571 (s) 84 1996 878,825 17,361 96,386 50 1,010 118,848 2,823,724 (s) 94 1997 904,245 17,702 109,989 30 1,687 136,156 3,039,227 1 91 1998 920,353 22,293 163,541 295 2,202 197,137 3,543,931 1 95 1999 924,692 22,877 149,193 380 1,891 181,905 3,729,175 1 105 2000 967,080 28,001 135,419 94 1,457 170,799 4,092,729 2 105 2001 946,068 27,695 157,090 26 1,827 193,945 4,163,930 (s) 96 2002 960,077 21,521 102,622 444 3,925 144,212 4,258,467 6 118 2003 983,538 25,951 136,050 936 4,794 186,904 3,780,314 6 127 2004 994,774 17,944 137,736 1,441 6,096 187,601 4,141,535 5 134 2005 1,015,640 18,689 137,082 1,676 6,876 191,827 4,592,271 (s) 143 2006 1,004,769 12,375 55,192 991 5,988 98,497 5,091,049 (s) 141 2007 1,022,840 14,626 60,929 1,709 4,711 100,818 5,611,600 2 142 2008 1,017,806 11,950 36,059 2,478 4,254 71,760 5,520,491 2 136 2009 913,566 11,509 26,569 1,911 3,642 58,197 5,750,589 2 133 2010 R954,514 R13,337 R22,470 R1,777 R4,464 R59,902 R6,239,466 R1 R153 2011P 909,645 10,374 12,817 1,546 4,059 45,032 6,439,729 1 137 

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12

1989 4,173 462 747 6 – 1,215 232,946 7 16 1990 7,088 1,438 2,054 7 – 3,499 353,179 6 18 1995 14,926 1,898 2,311 307 1,370 11,366 806,202 18 22 1996 15,575 1,111 2,410 517 1,456 11,320 836,086 15 24 1997 14,764 944 2,434 100 1,514 11,046 863,968 14 26 1998 13,773 872 2,334 117 1,797 12,310 871,881 21 30 1999 13,197 998 2,728 134 1,716 12,440 914,600 14 20 2000 15,634 1,721 2,627 310 1,698 13,147 921,341 17 21 2001 15,455 1,360 2,059 347 1,482 11,175 978,563 9 20 2002 15,174 289 1,955 800 1,780 11,942 1,149,812 20 23 2003 19,498 1,491 1,311 1,002 926 8,431 1,128,935 23 29 2004 17,685 850 1,095 1,070 1,039 8,209 933,804 22 16 2005 17,927 760 1,254 915 1,001 7,933 892,509 24 22 2006 18,033 203 1,155 792 918 6,738 800,173 27 22 2007 18,506 509 1,144 787 812 6,498 890,012 25 23 2008 19,085 368 1,162 130 746 5,389 821,839 22 23 2009 16,126 340 1,199 199 843 5,953 816,402 19 27 2010 R16,731 R340 1,090 R71 R215 R2,575 R845,950 R19 R24 2011P 14,878 139 1,097 18 223 2,366 838,833 19 23 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the

public. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category w

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP under "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also 

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-h• See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Enesection. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent round

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity fo

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Fo

Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report.EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "AReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant ReportEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat • 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sec

 Selected Years, 1989-2011 (Subset of Table 8.5a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Biomas

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 Wood 8 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu Trillion B

Commercial Sector 11

1989 414 882 282 – – 1,165 17,987 1 2 1990 417 580 372 (s) – 953 27,544 1 2 1995 569 493 152 (s) 1 649 42,700 – 1 1996 656 422 218 (s) 1 645 42,380 (s) 1 1997 630 583 200 – 1 790 38,975 (s) 1 1998 440 436 359 – 1 802 40,693 (s) 1 1999 481 506 421 – 1 931 39,045 (s) (s) 2000 514 505 310 1 1 823 37,029 (s) (s) 2001 532 520 469 2 6 1,023 36,248 (s) (s) 2002 477 524 292 10 2 834 32,545 (s) (s) 2003 582 553 326 3 2 894 38,480 – (s) 2004 377 545 214 1 1 766 32,839 – (s) 2005 377 377 201 1 1 585 33,785 – (s) 2006 347 211 116 (s) 1 333 34,623 – (s) 2007 361 156 94 – 2 258 34,087 – (s) 2008 369 131 29 (s) 1 166 33,403 – (s) 2009 317 145 39 (s) 1 190 34,279 – (s) 2010 R314 R143 R21 (s) 2 R172 R39,462 R (s) (s) 2011P 297 94 15 (s) 1 112 37,773 (s) (s) 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 9,707 815 6,624 294 150 8,482 443,928 83 267 1990 10,740 1,169 6,995 412 905 13,103 516,729 104 335 1995 12,171 1,056 6,460 239 902 12,265 601,397 114 373 1996 12,153 1,359 7,042 1,145 853 13,813 610,268 143 394 1997 12,311 1,079 6,118 107 884 11,723 622,599 105 367 1998 11,728 1,461 6,494 137 860 12,392 624,878 102 349 1999 11,432 1,571 5,845 460 944 12,595 639,165 112 364 2000 11,706 1,448 5,024 1,046 588 10,459 640,381 107 369 2001 10,636 1,574 5,693 479 557 10,530 653,565 88 370 2002 11,855 952 4,366 640 1,130 11,608 685,239 106 464 2003 10,440 1,678 4,831 1,006 582 10,424 668,407 127 362 2004 7,687 825 3,043 344 541 6,919 566,401 108 194 2005 7,504 824 2,980 377 452 6,440 517,805 85 189 2006 7,408 385 2,010 391 456 5,066 535,770 87 187 2007 5,089 392 1,666 421 512 5,041 553,643 88 188 2008 5,075 383 941 214 416 3,617 520,109 73 179 2009 4,674 664 769 218 335 3,328 519,799 62 160 2010 R8,125 R231 R416 R208 R313 R2,422 R555,307 R70 R172 2011P 8,091 168 318 144 279 2,023 564,146 71 173 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only pl

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. • See Table

power sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Elect"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Tcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricit

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for 1989. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related information.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "AReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report.EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat a• 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2011

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste242 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Sources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.

Electric Power

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

200400600800

Billion Cubic Feet

Industrial

Commercial 

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

05

101520

Million Short Tons 

Commercial

Electric Power

Industrial

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

05

1015202530

Million Barrels

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

300600900

1,200

Trillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2011 (Sum of Tables 8.6b a

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 W

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 16,510 1,410 16,357 353 247 19,357 563,307 116 1990 19,081 2,050 18,428 895 918 25,965 654,749 176 1991 18,458 3,027 15,293 835 777 23,039 663,963 185 1992 19,372 2,358 16,474 935 862 24,077 717,860 200 1993 19,750 2,449 17,933 857 1,031 26,394 733,584 178 1994 20,609 2,811 18,822 609 1,137 27,929 784,015 180 1995 20,418 2,082 16,661 642 1,235 25,562 834,382 181 1996 20,806 2,192 18,552 756 1,275 27,873 865,774 187 1997 21,005 2,584 15,882 289 2,009 28,802 868,569 188 1998 20,320 4,944 16,539 681 1,336 28,845 949,106 209 1999 20,373 4,665 14,133 838 1,437 26,822 982,958 224 2000 20,466 2,897 13,292 1,455 924 22,266 985,263 230 2001 18,944 2,574 11,826 563 661 18,268 898,286 166 2002 17,561 1,462 9,402 1,363 517 14,811 860,019 147 2003 17,720 2,153 10,341 1,629 763 17,939 721,267 138 2004 24,275 3,357 15,390 1,908 1,043 25,870 1,052,100 218 2005 23,833 3,795 15,397 1,302 783 24,408 984,340 238 2006 23,227 1,481 11,373 1,222 1,259 20,371 942,817 226 2007 22,810 1,359 10,783 1,320 1,262 19,775 872,579 214 2008 22,168 1,305 5,285 943 897 12,016 793,537 203 2009 20,507 2,142 5,097 890 1,007 13,161 816,787 176 2010 R21,727 R1,197 R2,947 R722 R1,059 R10,161 R821,775 172 2011P 22,014 599 2,432 495 1,105 9,054 826,548 190 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, 

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste frofuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce u

consumed to produce electricity. • Estimates do not include (CHP) plants. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.
244 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2011 (Subset of Table 

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 W

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 639 120 1,471 1 – 1,591 81,670 3 1990 1,266 173 1,630 2 – 1,805 97,330 5 1991 1,221 104 995 1 – 1,101 99,868 5 1992 1,704 154 1,045 10 4 1,229 122,908 6 1993 1,794 290 1,074 27 40 1,591 128,743 4 1994 2,241 371 1,024 104 58 1,791 144,062 6 1995 2,376 486 1,127 58 222 2,784 142,753 5 1996 2,520 308 1,155 86 175 2,424 147,091 5 1997 2,355 343 1,246 23 171 2,466 161,608 10 1998 2,493 134 653 19 103 1,322 172,471 6 1999 3,033 183 572 30 128 1,423 175,757 4 2000 3,107 294 467 51 120 1,412 192,253 7 2001 2,910 219 355 3 119 1,171 199,808 6 2002 2,255 66 197 23 111 841 263,619 7 2003 2,080 190 919 88 80 1,596 225,967 12 2004 3,809 314 985 202 237 2,688 388,424 31 2005 3,918 225 1,072 95 206 2,424 384,365 60 2006 3,834 69 998 87 195 2,129 330,878 37 2007 3,795 192 1,014 98 162 2,114 339,796 34 2008 3,689 230 1,019 62 119 1,907 326,048 38 2009 3,935 187 1,015 100 126 1,930 305,542 34 2010 R3,808 R113 944 R29 R98 R1,578 R301,769 R33 2011P 4,035 73 963 4 113 1,605 323,364 36 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less thaNotes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce u

consumed to produce electricity. • Estimates are for combinedNAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity include electric utility CHP plants. • See Table 8.6c for commerc1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification oat end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administratio

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 foOperations Report."
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-a

 Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2011 (Subset of Table 8.6a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Biomas

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 Wood 8 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu Trillion B

Commercial Sector 11

1989 711 202 601 – – 803 12,049 (s) (s) 1990 773 389 715 (s) – 1,104 18,913 (s) (s) 1995 850 319 261 (s) 3 596 34,964 – (s) 1996 1,005 260 328 (s) 3 601 40,075 – 1 1997 1,108 470 309 – 3 794 47,941 (s) 1 1998 1,002 418 573 – 3 1,006 46,527 (s) 1 1999 1,009 254 412 – 3 682 44,991 – 1 2000 1,034 403 366 2 4 792 47,844 – 1 2001 916 505 304 – – 809 42,407 – 1 2002 929 248 108 28 6 416 41,430 – 1 2003 1,234 119 381 12 9 555 19,973 – 1 2004 1,540 570 613 20 8 1,243 39,233 – 1 2005 1,544 417 587 (s) 8 1,045 34,172 – 1 2006 1,539 155 404 – 9 601 33,112 (s) 1 2007 1,566 101 340 – 11 494 35,987 – 2 2008 1,652 287 173 – 9 504 32,813 – 1 2009 1,481 120 173 – 8 331 41,275 – 1 2010 R1,406 R90 R122 – 11 R265 R46,324 R(s) 1 2011P 1,336 53 88 – 6 169 43,661 (s) 1 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 15,160 1,088 14,285 352 247 16,963 469,588 113 659 1990 17,041 1,488 16,084 893 918 23,056 538,506 171 790 1995 17,192 1,277 15,272 584 1,010 22,182 656,665 175 882 1996 17,281 1,624 17,069 670 1,097 24,848 678,608 182 855 1997 17,542 1,772 14,328 267 1,835 25,541 659,021 178 892 1998 16,824 4,391 15,313 662 1,230 26,518 730,108 202 862 1999 16,330 4,228 13,148 808 1,307 24,718 762,210 219 849 2000 16,325 2,200 12,459 1,402 800 20,062 745,165 223 875 2001 15,119 1,850 11,167 560 542 16,287 656,071 160 685 2002 14,377 1,149 9,097 1,312 399 13,555 554,970 139 672 2003 14,406 1,844 9,041 1,529 675 15,788 475,327 126 735 2004 18,926 2,473 13,791 1,686 798 21,939 624,443 187 1,000 2005 18,371 3,153 13,738 1,207 568 20,940 565,803 179 977 2006 17,854 1,258 9,971 1,136 1,055 17,640 578,828 190 1,029 2007 17,449 1,066 9,429 1,222 1,090 17,166 496,796 180 959 2008 16,827 788 4,093 882 769 9,605 434,676 165 905 2009 15,091 1,835 3,909 790 873 10,900 469,970 142 796 2010 R16,513 R993 R1,882 R692 R950 R8,318 R473,683 R139 R857 2011P 16,643 473 1,381 491 987 7,279 459,524 154 864 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce useful thermal 

consumed to produce electricity. • See Table 8.6b for electric power sector "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Iend of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may nodue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity fo

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "AReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report.EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 forward—EIA, FOperations Report."
Figure 8.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Therma

1989-2011

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste246 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Total

Sources: Tables 8.5a, 8.6a, and 8.7a.

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet 

Electricity Generation

Useful Thermal Output

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Barrels

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Total

Electricity Generation

Useful Thermal Output
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Outp

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2011 (Sum of Tables 8.7b and 8.7c)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 W

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 798,181 29,143 265,970 656 915 300,342 4,048,736 206 1990 811,538 20,194 209,081 1,332 2,832 244,765 4,346,311 288 1991 812,124 19,590 193,073 1,215 2,566 226,708 4,428,742 311 1992 824,512 16,852 160,941 1,695 3,366 196,318 4,617,578 341 1993 861,904 19,293 176,992 1,571 4,200 218,855 4,662,236 314 1994 869,405 25,177 164,047 1,539 4,157 211,547 5,151,163 316 1995 881,012 21,697 112,168 1,322 4,590 158,140 5,572,253 313 1996 928,015 22,444 124,607 2,468 4,596 172,499 5,178,232 346 1997 952,955 22,893 134,623 526 6,095 188,517 5,433,338 307 1998 966,615 30,006 189,267 1,230 6,196 251,486 6,030,490 334 1999 970,175 30,616 172,319 1,812 5,989 234,694 6,304,942 350 2000 1,015,398 34,572 156,673 2,904 4,669 217,494 6,676,744 356 2001 991,635 33,724 177,137 1,418 4,532 234,940 6,730,591 263 2002 1,005,144 24,748 118,637 3,257 7,353 183,408 6,986,081 278 2003 1,031,778 31,825 152,859 4,576 7,067 224,593 6,337,402 294 2004 1,044,798 23,520 157,478 4,764 8,721 229,364 6,726,679 353 2005 1,065,281 24,446 156,915 4,270 9,113 231,193 7,020,709 348 2006 1,053,783 14,655 69,846 3,396 8,622 131,005 7,404,432 341 2007 1,069,606 17,042 74,616 4,237 7,299 132,389 7,961,922 329 2008 1,064,503 14,137 43,477 3,765 6,314 92,948 7,689,380 300 2009 955,190 14,800 33,672 3,218 5,828 80,830 7,937,856 259 2010 R1,001,411 R15,247 R26,944 R2,777 R6,053 R75,231 R8,501,960 R262 2011P 954,925 11,374 16,678 2,203 5,666 58,586 8,707,029 281 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from

non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, 

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste frofuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at 

Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/mon

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related infor

Sources: Tables 8.7b and 8.7c.
248 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Outp

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2011 (Subset of Table 8.7a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 W

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 772,190 26,156 244,179 10 517 272,931 3,105,183 9 1990 782,567 16,567 184,915 26 1,008 206,550 3,244,619 11 1991 783,874 14,359 172,625 59 974 191,911 3,315,925 11 1992 795,094 12,623 138,726 128 1,494 158,948 3,447,871 18 1993 831,645 14,849 152,481 239 2,611 180,625 3,472,982 16 1994 838,354 20,612 138,222 771 2,315 171,178 3,902,546 19 1995 850,230 18,553 90,023 499 2,674 122,447 4,236,526 24 1996 896,921 18,780 99,951 653 2,642 132,593 3,806,901 20 1997 921,364 18,989 113,669 152 3,372 149,668 4,064,803 24 1998 936,619 23,300 166,528 431 4,102 210,769 4,588,284 29 1999 940,922 24,058 152,493 544 3,735 195,769 4,819,531 19 2000 985,821 30,016 138,513 454 3,275 185,358 5,206,324 25 2001 964,433 29,274 159,504 377 3,427 206,291 5,342,301 15 2002 977,507 21,876 104,773 1,267 5,816 156,995 5,671,897 33 2003 1,005,116 27,632 138,279 2,026 5,799 196,932 5,135,215 41 2004 1,016,268 19,107 139,816 2,713 7,372 198,498 5,463,763 58 2005 1,037,485 19,675 139,409 2,685 8,083 202,184 5,869,145 84 2006 1,026,636 12,646 57,345 1,870 7,101 107,365 6,222,100 65 2007 1,045,141 15,327 63,086 2,594 5,685 109,431 6,841,408 61 2008 1,040,580 12,547 38,241 2,670 5,119 79,056 6,668,379 61 2009 933,627 12,035 28,782 2,210 4,611 66,081 6,872,533 55 2010 R975,052 R13,790 R24,503 R1,877 R4,777 R64,055 R7,387,184 52 2011P 928,558 10,586 14,876 1,568 4,394 49,003 7,601,926 56 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-on

plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is tthe public. • See Table 8.7c for commercial and industrial CHP "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Pend of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Tdue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/mon

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related infor

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power ProdEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Comb• 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Re
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: 

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2011 (Subset of Table 8.7a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Biomas

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 Wood 8 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu Trillion B

Commercial Sector 11

1989 1,125 1,085 883 – – 1,967 30,037 1 2 1990 1,191 969 1,087 (s) – 2,056 46,458 1 2 1995 1,419 812 413 (s) 4 1,245 77,664 – 1 1996 1,660 682 545 (s) 4 1,246 82,455 (s) 2 1997 1,738 1,053 509 – 4 1,584 86,915 (s) 2 1998 1,443 854 932 – 4 1,807 87,220 (s) 2 1999 1,490 759 834 – 4 1,613 84,037 (s) 1 2000 1,547 908 676 3 6 1,615 84,874 (s) 1 2001 1,448 1,026 773 2 6 1,832 78,655 (s) 1 2002 1,405 771 400 38 8 1,250 73,975 (s) 1 2003 1,816 671 708 16 11 1,449 58,453 – 1 2004 1,917 1,115 827 21 9 2,009 72,072 – 2 2005 1,922 794 789 1 9 1,630 67,957 – 1 2006 1,886 366 520 (s) 10 935 67,735 (s) 1 2007 1,927 257 434 – 12 752 70,074 – 2 2008 2,021 418 202 (s) 10 671 66,216 – 1 2009 1,798 266 212 (s) 9 521 75,555 – 1 2010 R1,720 R233 R143 (s) 12 R437 R85,786 R (s) 1 2011P 1,633 147 103 (s) 6 282 81,433 (s) 1 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 24,867 1,903 20,909 646 397 25,444 913,516 195 926 1990 27,781 2,657 23,079 1,305 1,824 36,159 1,055,235 275 1,125 1995 29,363 2,333 21,732 823 1,912 34,448 1,258,063 290 1,255 1996 29,434 2,983 24,111 1,815 1,950 38,661 1,288,876 325 1,249 1997 29,853 2,851 20,445 374 2,719 37,265 1,281,620 283 1,259 1998 28,553 5,852 21,807 800 2,090 38,910 1,354,986 305 1,211 1999 27,763 5,799 18,993 1,268 2,251 37,312 1,401,374 331 1,213 2000 28,031 3,648 17,483 2,448 1,388 30,520 1,385,546 331 1,244 2001 25,755 3,424 16,860 1,039 1,099 26,817 1,309,636 248 1,054 2002 26,232 2,101 13,463 1,953 1,529 25,163 1,240,209 245 1,136 2003 24,846 3,522 13,872 2,535 1,257 26,212 1,143,734 253 1,097 2004 26,613 3,298 16,835 2,030 1,339 28,857 1,190,844 295 1,193 2005 25,875 3,977 16,718 1,583 1,020 27,380 1,083,607 264 1,166 2006 25,262 1,643 11,981 1,526 1,511 22,706 1,114,597 277 1,216 2007 22,537 1,458 11,096 1,643 1,602 22,207 1,050,439 268 1,148 2008 21,902 1,171 5,034 1,095 1,184 13,222 954,785 239 1,084 2009 19,766 2,499 4,678 1,008 1,209 14,228 989,769 204 955 2010 R24,638 R1,224 R2,298 R900 R1,264 R10,740 R1,028,990 R210 R1,029 2011P 24,733 641 1,699 635 1,265 9,302 1,023,670 224 1,037 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only pl

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • See Table 8.7b for electric power sector electricity-only and C

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Iend of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may nodue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricit

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for 1989. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related information.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "AReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report.EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat a• 2008 forward—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, End of Year

Coal, 1949-2011 Coal and Petroleum, 1973-2011Petroleum, 1949-2011 Petroleum Products, 2011250 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.2 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.3 Jet fuel and kerosene.

4 Petroleum coke, which is reported in short tons, is conver

ton.

Sources: Tables 8.8, A3, and A5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

L

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

50

100150

Million Barrels

17

15

Distillate Residual O

05

101520

Million Barrels

Fuel Oil Fuel Oil1 2
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, End of Year 1949-2011

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Tons 

1949 22,054 NA NA NA NA 1950 31,842 NA NA NA NA 1955 41,391 NA NA NA NA 1960 51,735 NA NA NA NA 1965 54,525 NA NA NA NA 1970 71,908 NA NA NA 239 1975 110,724 16,432 108,825 NA 31 1976 117,436 14,703 106,993 NA 32 1977 133,219 19,281 124,750 NA 44 1978 128,225 16,386 102,402 NA 198 1979 159,714 20,301 111,121 NA 183 1980 183,010 30,023 105,351 NA 52 1981 168,893 26,094 102,042 NA 42 1982 181,132 23,369 95,515 NA 41 1983 155,598 18,801 70,573 NA 55 1984 179,727 19,116 68,503 NA 50 1985 156,376 16,386 57,304 NA 49 1986 161,806 16,269 56,841 NA 40 1987 170,797 15,759 55,069 NA 51 1988 146,507 15,099 54,187 NA 86 1989 135,860 13,824 47,446 NA 105 1990 156,166 16,471 67,030 NA 94 1991 157,876 16,357 58,636 NA 70 1992 154,130 15,714 56,135 NA 67 1993 111,341 15,674 46,770 NA 89 1994 126,897 16,644 46,344 NA 69 1995 126,304 15,392 35,102 NA 65 1996 114,623 15,216 32,473 NA 91 1997 98,826 15,456 33,336 NA 469 1998 120,501 16,343 37,451 NA 559 19997 141,604 17,995 34,256 NA 372 2000 102,296 15,127 24,748 NA 211 2001 138,496 20,486 34,594 NA 390 2002 141,714 17,413 25,723 800 1,711 2003 121,567 19,153 25,820 779 1,484 2004 106,669 19,275 26,596 879 937 2005 101,137 18,778 27,624 1,012 530 2006 140,964 18,013 28,823 1,380 674 2007 151,221 18,395 24,136 1,902 554 2008 161,589 17,761 21,088 1,955 739 2009 189,467 17,886 19,068 2,257 1,394 2010 R174,917 R16,758 R16,629 R2,319 R1,019 2011P 175,100 17,101 15,469 2,690 470 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1973–1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant stocks

of petroleum. For 1980–2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973–1979, data are for steam plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980–2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil; beginning in 1970, also includes petroleum coke; and beginning

in 2002, also includes other liquids. 7 Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, tothe public. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants

Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal 

independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electric

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity fo1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form F

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FPlant Report." • 1982-1988—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIPower Plant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly PoweEIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, FoPlant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—NonForm EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 forward—EIA, Operations Report."
Figure 8.9 Electricity End Use

Overview, 1989-2011 Retail Sales1 by Sector, 2011Retail Sales1 by Sector, 1949-2011252 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Retail Sales1

Total End Use

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in

1996, other energy service providers.

2 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that

consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial

process located within the same facility or group of facilities ment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.

Source: Table 8.9.

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

1.42

1.32

Residential Commercial Ind

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Direct Use2

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Retail Sales 1

Direct Use 6 Total End Use7

Discontinue

Residential Commercial 2 Industrial 3 Transportation 4 Total Retail Sales 5 Commercial (O

1949 67 E59 123 E6 255 NA 255 45 1950 72 E66 146 E7 291 NA 291 51 1955 128 E103 260 E6 497 NA 497 79 1960 201 E159 324 E3 688 NA 688 131 1965 291 E231 429 E3 954 NA 954 200 1970 466 E352 571 E3 1,392 NA 1,392 307 1975 588 E468 688 E3 1,747 NA 1,747 403 1976 606 E492 754 E3 1,855 NA 1,855 425 1977 645 E514 786 E3 1,948 NA 1,948 447 1978 674 E531 809 E3 2,018 NA 2,018 461 1979 683 543 842 3 2,071 NA 2,071 473 1980 717 559 815 3 2,094 NA 2,094 488 1981 722 596 826 3 2,147 NA 2,147 514 1982 730 609 745 3 2,086 NA 2,086 526 1983 751 620 776 4 2,151 NA 2,151 544 1984 780 664 838 4 2,286 NA 2,286 583 1985 794 689 837 4 2,324 NA 2,324 606 1986 819 715 831 4 2,369 NA 2,369 631 1987 850 744 858 5 2,457 NA 2,457 660 1988 893 784 896 5 2,578 NA 2,578 699 1989 906 811 926 5 2,647 109 2,756 726 1990 924 838 946 5 2,713 125 2,837 751 1991 955 855 947 5 2,762 124 2,886 766 1992 936 850 973 5 2,763 134 2,897 761 1993 995 885 977 5 2,861 139 3,001 795 1994 1,008 913 1,008 5 2,935 146 3,081 820 1995 1,043 953 1,013 5 3,013 151 3,164 863 1996 1,083 980 1,034 5 3,101 153 3,254 887 1997 1,076 1,027 1,038 5 3,146 156 3,302 929 1998 1,130 1,078 1,051 5 3,264 161 3,425 979 1999 1,145 1,104 1,058 5 3,312 172 3,484 1,002 2000 1,192 1,159 1,064 5 3,421 171 3,592 1,055 2001 1,202 1,191 997 6 3,394 163 3,557 1,083 2002 1,265 1,205 990 6 3,465 166 3,632 1,104 2003 1,276 1,199 1,012 7 3,494 168 3,662 – – 2004 1,292 1,230 1,018 7 3,547 168 3,716 – – 2005 1,359 1,275 1,019 8 3,661 150 3,811 – – 2006 1,352 1,300 1,011 7 3,670 147 3,817 – – 2007 1,392 1,336 1,028 8 3,765 126 3,890 – – 2008 1,380 1,336 1,009 8 3,733 132 3,865 – – 2009 1,364 1,307 917 8 3,597 127 3,724 – – 2010 R1,446 R1,330 R971 8 R3,754 R132 R3,886 – – 2011 P1,424 P1,319 P976 P8 P3,726 E130 P3,856 – – 

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

2 Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other

sales to public authorities. 3 Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning in 2003, includesagriculture and irrigation.

4 Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways. 5 The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation." 6 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes the

power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the samefacility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use. 7 The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use." 8 "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for the commercial sector, excluding publicstreet and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. 9 "Other (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for public street and highway lighting,interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportationincluding railroads and railways.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity for updated monthly and

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for 

1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related information.

Sources: Residential and Industrial: • 1949-September 1977—Federa

FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue and Income." 1980—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "MoOperating Revenue and Income." • March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FPC-Monthly Statement." • 1983—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), FCompany Monthly Statement." • 1984-1996—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Eleforward—EIA, Electric Power Monthly (EPM) (February 2012), Ta• 1949-2002—Estimated by EIA as the sum of "Commercial (Old)" and the "Other (Old)." See estimation methodology at http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/• 2003 forward—EIA, EPM (February 2012), Table 5.1. Transportation: • 19as the transportation portion of "Other (Old)." See estihttp://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf. • 2003 forward—Table 5.1. Direct Use: • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutil• 1998—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." Power Annual 2010 (November 2011), Table 7.2. • 2011—Estimate based on the percentage change in commercial and industrial net generation on Table 8Other (Old): • 1949-2002—See sources for "Residential" and "Industrial."
Figure 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

Total, 1960-2011 By Sector, 2011By Sector, Nominal2 Prices, 1960-2011 By Sector, Real1 Prices, 1960-2011254 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary. 2 See “Nominal Price” in Glossary.

3 Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sale

agriculture and irrigation, and transportation including railroad

Note: Taxes are included. Source: Table 8.10.

10.41

9.10

11.80

10.32

6.89

Residential Commercial Ind

0

2

468

10

12

14

Cents per Kilowatthour

Nominal2 Rea

Real1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

2

468

10

12

Cents per Kilowatthour

Nominal2

Commercial

Residential

Other3

Industrial

 Transportation

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

2

468

10

12

Nominal2 Cents per Kilowatthour

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

05

1015

Real (2005)1 Cents per Kilowatthour
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, Selected Years, 1960-2011

 (Cents per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)

Year

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Transportation 3 Other 4 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 

1960 2.6 14.0 2.4 12.9 1.1 5.9 NA NA 1.9 10.2 1965 2.4 R12.0 2.2 11.0 1.0 5.0 NA NA 1.8 9.0 1966 2.3 11.2 2.1 R10.2 1.0 4.9 NA NA 1.8 8.8 1967 2.3 10.9 2.1 R9.9 1.0 4.7 NA NA 1.8 8.5 1968 2.3 R10.4 2.1 9.5 1.0 4.5 NA NA 1.8 8.2 1969 2.2 9.5 2.1 9.1 1.0 4.3 NA NA 1.7 7.4 1970 2.2 R9.0 2.1 8.6 1.0 4.1 NA NA 1.8 7.4 1971 2.3 9.0 2.2 8.6 1.1 4.3 NA NA 1.9 7.4 1972 2.4 9.0 2.3 8.6 1.2 4.5 NA NA 2.0 7.5 1973 2.5 8.9 2.4 8.5 1.3 4.6 NA NA 2.1 7.5 1974 3.1 10.1 3.0 9.8 1.7 5.5 NA NA 2.8 9.1 1975 3.5 10.4 3.5 10.4 2.1 6.3 NA NA 3.1 9.2 1976 3.7 10.4 3.7 10.4 2.2 6.2 NA NA 3.3 9.3 1977 4.1 10.9 4.1 10.9 2.5 6.6 NA NA 3.5 9.3 1978 4.3 10.6 4.4 10.9 2.8 6.9 NA NA 3.6 8.9 1979 4.6 10.5 4.7 10.7 3.1 7.1 NA NA 4.0 9.1 1980 5.4 11.3 5.5 11.5 3.7 R7.7 NA NA 4.8 R10.0 1981 6.2 11.9 6.3 12.1 4.3 8.2 NA NA 5.3 R10.1 1982 6.9 R12.4 6.9 R12.4 5.0 9.0 NA NA 5.9 R10.6 1983 7.2 12.5 7.0 R12.1 5.0 8.7 NA NA 6.4 11.1 1984 7.15 R11.95 7.13 R11.92 4.83 R8.07 NA NA 5.90 R9.86 1985 7.39 R11.99 7.27 R11.80 4.97 R8.06 NA NA 6.09 R9.88 1986 7.42 R11.78 7.20 R11.43 4.93 7.83 NA NA 6.11 R9.70 1987 7.45 R11.49 7.08 R10.92 4.77 R7.36 NA NA 6.21 R9.58 1988 7.48 R11.16 7.04 R10.50 4.70 R7.01 NA NA 6.20 R9.25 1989 7.65 11.00 7.20 R10.35 4.72 R6.78 NA NA 6.25 R8.98 1990 7.83 10.84 7.34 R10.16 4.74 R6.56 NA NA 6.40 8.86 1991 8.04 10.75 7.53 R10.06 4.83 6.46 NA NA 6.51 R8.70 1992 8.21 R10.72 7.66 R10.00 4.83 6.31 NA NA 6.74 R8.80 1993 8.32 R10.63 7.74 9.89 4.85 R6.19 NA NA 6.88 R8.79 1994 8.38 R10.48 7.73 R9.67 4.77 5.97 NA NA 6.84 8.56 1995 8.40 R10.29 7.69 R9.42 4.66 R5.71 NA NA 6.88 R8.43 1996 8.36 R10.05 7.64 R9.19 4.60 R5.53 NA NA 6.91 R8.31 1997 8.43 R9.96 7.59 R8.97 4.53 R5.35 NA NA 6.91 8.17 1998 8.26 R9.65 7.41 R8.66 4.48 R5.23 NA NA 6.63 7.75 1999 8.16 9.40 7.26 R8.36 4.43 R5.10 NA NA 6.35 R7.31 2000 8.24 R9.29 7.43 R8.37 4.64 5.23 NA NA 6.56 R7.39 2001 8.58 9.46 7.92 R8.73 5.05 5.57 NA NA 7.20 7.94 2002 8.44 R9.15 7.89 R8.56 4.88 R5.29 NA NA 6.75 R7.32 2003 8.72 R9.26 8.03 8.53 5.11 5.43 7.54 8.01 – – – – 2004 8.95 9.25 8.17 8.44 5.25 R5.42 7.18 7.42 – – – – 2005 9.45 9.45 8.67 8.67 5.73 5.73 8.57 8.57 – – – – 2006 10.40 10.07 9.46 9.16 6.16 5.97 9.54 9.24 – – – – 2007 10.65 R10.03 9.65 9.08 6.39 R6.02 9.70 9.13 – – – – 2008 11.26 10.37 10.36 9.54 6.83 6.29 10.74 9.89 – – – – 2009 11.51 R10.49 10.17 R9.27 6.81 6.21 10.65 R9.71 – – – – 2010 R11.54 R10.40 R10.19 R9.18 R6.77 R6.10 R10.57 R9.52 – – – – 2011P 11.80 10.41 10.32 9.10 6.89 6.08 10.58 9.33 – – – – 

1 Commercial sector. For 1960–2002, prices exclude public street and highway lighting,

interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. 2 Industrial sector. For 1960–2002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation. 3 Transportation sector, including railroads and railways. 4 Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agricultureand irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways. 5 See "Nominal Price" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable.Notes: • Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by "Transportation," and the

categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been redefined. • Data represent revenue from electricityretail sales divided by electricity retail sales. • Prices include State and local taxes, energy or demandcharges, customer service charges, environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and othermiscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing operations. Prices do not includedeferred charges, credits, or other adjustments, such as fuel or revenue from purchased power, from

previous reporting periods. • Through 1979, data are for Classes A and B 

only. (Class A utilities are those with operating revenues of $2.5 million or with between $1 million and $2.5 million.) For 1980–1982, data are for selectric operating revenues were $100 million or more during the previous selected sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for a censuin 1996, data also include energy service providers selling to retail customer

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices 

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all • See http://www.eia.gov/electricity/ for related information.

Sources: • 1960-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form 

Electric Operating Revenues and Income." • October 1977-February 19Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Ope• March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Utility Co• 1983—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "EStatement." • 1984-1996—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility RElectric Power Monthly (February 2012), Table 5.3.
Figure 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors)

Total, 1949-2011 By Major Category, 2011By Source, 2011256 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Total

1 Conventional and pumped storage.2 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil

fuels, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneoustechnologies.

Source: Table 8.11a.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Kilowatts

Electr

791

140

Fossil Renewable Nu

0

300600900

Million Kilowatts

Nuclear Electric Power

Fuels

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy

Energy 

Electric

Power 

413

319

101 101

56 45

7 4 2 

Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro- Petroleum Wind Wood Waste Geothermal 

0

100200300400500

Million Kilowatts

electric

Power1
Figure 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector

Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2011 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-20Commercial Sector, 2011 Industrial Sector, 2011

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

1 Conventional hydroelectric power, solar/PV, wood, wind, blast furnace gas, propane gas,

and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 2 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived fromfossil fuels

3 Conventional hydroelectric power.4 Solar/PV, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, 

laneous technologies.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.Sources: Tables 8.11a-8.11d.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2

0

250500750

1,0001,250

Million Kilowatts

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0

300600900

1,200

Million Kilowatts

Electric Power Sector

Total (All Sectors)

Commercial and Industrial

1.1

0.4

0.4

0.1

(s)

Natural Coal Petroleum Waste Other1

0.00.40.8

1.2

Million Kilowatts

14.7

5.0

4.0

2.0

0.7 

Natural Wood Coal Other Petro

048

12

16

Million Kilowatts

Gas Gas Gases2 leum
258 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Sum of Tables 8.11b and 8.11d; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind Total 6 Waste 7

1949 NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 5 ( ) 18.5 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 18.5 1950 NA NA NA NA 50.0 .0 5 ( ) 19.2 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 19.2 1955 NA NA NA NA 86.8 .0 5 ( ) 27.4 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 27.4 1960 NA NA NA NA 130.8 .4 5 ( ) 35.8 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 35.9 1965 NA NA NA NA 182.9 .8 5 ( ) 51.0 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 51.1 1970 NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 5 ( ) 63.8 .1 10 ( ) .1 NA NA 63.9 1975 NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 5 ( ) 78.4 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 79.0 1976 NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 5 ( ) 78.0 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 78.6 1977 NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 5 ( ) 78.6 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 79.2 1978 NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 5 ( ) 79.9 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 80.5 1979 NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 5 ( ) 82.9 .1 10 ( ) .7 NA NA 83.6 1980 NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 5 ( ) 81.7 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA NA 82.7 1981 NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 5 ( ) 82.4 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA (s) 83.4 1982 NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 5 ( ) 83.0 .1 10 ( ) 1.0 NA (s) 84.1 1983 NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 5 ( ) 83.9 .2 10 ( ) 1.2 NA (s) 85.3 1984 NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 5 ( ) 85.3 .3 10 ( ) 1.2 11 ( ) (s) 86.9 1985 NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 5 ( ) 88.9 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s) 90.8 1986 NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 5 ( ) 89.3 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s) 91.2 1987 NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 5 ( ) 89.7 .2 .2 1.5 11 ( ) (s) 91.7 1988 NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 5 ( ) 90.3 .2 .2 1.7 11 ( ) (s) 92.4 198912 303.1 79.1 135.7 1.5 519.4 98.2 18.1 74.1 5.2 2.1 2.6 .2 1.5 85.7 1990 307.4 77.9 140.8 1.6 527.8 99.6 19.5 73.9 5.5 2.5 2.7 .3 1.8 86.8 1991 307.4 74.2 147.6 2.1 531.4 99.6 18.4 76.0 6.1 2.9 2.6 .3 1.9 89.9 1992 309.4 73.1 152.2 2.1 536.7 99.0 21.2 74.8 6.2 3.0 2.9 .3 1.8 89.1 1993 310.1 71.1 158.6 1.9 541.8 99.0 21.1 77.4 6.5 3.1 2.9 .3 1.8 92.1 1994 311.4 71.7 164.8 2.1 550.0 99.1 21.2 78.0 6.7 3.3 3.0 .3 1.7 93.1 1995 311.4 66.6 174.5 1.7 554.2 99.5 21.4 78.6 6.7 3.5 3.0 .3 1.7 93.9 1996 313.4 72.5 174.1 1.7 561.7 100.8 21.1 76.4 6.8 3.6 2.9 .3 1.7 91.7 1997 313.6 72.5 176.5 1.5 564.1 99.7 19.3 79.4 6.9 3.6 2.9 .3 1.6 94.8 1998 315.8 66.3 180.3 1.5 563.9 97.1 19.5 79.2 6.8 3.7 2.9 .3 1.7 94.6 1999 315.5 60.1 195.1 1.9 572.6 97.4 19.6 79.4 6.8 3.7 2.8 .4 2.3 95.3 2000 315.1 61.8 219.6 2.3 598.9 97.9 19.5 79.4 6.1 3.9 2.8 .4 2.4 94.9 2001 314.2 66.2 252.8 1.7 634.9 98.2 19.7 78.9 5.9 3.7 2.2 .4 3.9 95.0 2002 315.4 59.7 312.5 2.0 689.5 98.7 20.4 79.4 5.8 3.8 2.3 .4 4.4 96.1 2003 313.0 60.7 355.4 2.0 731.2 99.2 20.5 78.7 5.9 3.8 2.1 .4 6.0 96.8 2004 313.0 59.1 371.0 2.3 745.4 99.6 20.8 77.6 6.2 3.5 2.2 .4 6.5 96.4 2005 313.4 58.5 383.1 2.1 757.1 100.0 21.3 77.5 6.2 3.6 2.3 .4 8.7 98.7 2006 313.0 58.1 388.3 2.3 761.6 100.3 21.5 77.8 6.4 3.7 2.3 .4 11.3 101.9 2007 312.7 56.1 392.9 2.3 764.0 100.3 21.9 77.9 6.7 4.1 2.2 .5 16.5 108.0 2008 313.3 57.4 397.5 2.0 770.2 100.8 21.9 77.9 6.9 4.2 2.2 .5 24.7 116.4 2009 314.3 56.8 401.3 1.9 774.3 101.0 22.2 78.5 6.9 4.3 2.4 .6 34.3 127.1 2010 R316.8 R55.6 R407.0 R2.7 R782.2 R101.2 R22.2 R78.8 7.0 4.4 2.4 .9 R39.1 R132.6 2011P 319.2 55.6 413.1 2.7 790.7 101.4 22.3 78.9 7.1 4.4 2.4 1.5 45.2 139.6 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Wood."

11 Included in "Wind."12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, 

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kNotes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sources of 

to the energy source reported as the predominant one. • See Note 1, "Coveraend of section.• See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. • Tcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity fo

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: Tables 8.11b and 8.11d.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind Total 6 Waste 7

1949 NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 5 ( ) 18.5 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 18.5 1950 NA NA NA NA 50.0 .0 5 ( ) 19.2 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 19.2 1955 NA NA NA NA 86.8 .0 5 ( ) 27.4 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 27.4 1960 NA NA NA NA 130.8 .4 5 ( ) 35.8 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 35.9 1965 NA NA NA NA 182.9 .8 5 ( ) 51.0 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 51.1 1970 NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 5 ( ) 63.8 .1 10 ( ) .1 NA NA 63.9 1975 NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 5 ( ) 78.4 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 79.0 1976 NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 5 ( ) 78.0 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 78.6 1977 NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 5 ( ) 78.6 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 79.2 1978 NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 5 ( ) 79.9 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 80.5 1979 NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 5 ( ) 82.9 .1 10 ( ) .7 NA NA 83.6 1980 NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 5 ( ) 81.7 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA NA 82.7 1981 NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 5 ( ) 82.4 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA (s) 83.4 1982 NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 5 ( ) 83.0 .1 10 ( ) 1.0 NA (s) 84.1 1983 NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 5 ( ) 83.9 .2 10 ( ) 1.2 NA (s) 85.3 1984 NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 5 ( ) 85.3 .3 10 ( ) 1.2 11 ( ) (s) 86.9 1985 NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 5 ( ) 88.9 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s) 90.8 1986 NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 5 ( ) 89.3 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s) 91.2 1987 NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 5 ( ) 89.7 .2 .2 1.5 11 ( ) (s) 91.7 1988 NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 5 ( ) 90.3 .2 .2 1.7 11 ( ) (s) 92.4 198912 298.0 78.1 125.4 .4 501.9 98.2 18.1 73.6 1.1 1.7 2.6 .2 1.5 80.7 1990 302.3 76.8 129.9 .4 509.3 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.2 2.1 2.7 .3 1.8 81.4 1991 302.5 73.0 137.1 .7 513.3 99.6 18.4 75.4 1.3 2.5 2.6 .3 1.9 84.0 1992 304.3 71.8 141.0 .7 517.9 99.0 21.2 74.2 1.4 2.5 2.9 .3 1.8 83.1 1993 305.0 69.9 146.9 .7 522.5 99.0 21.1 76.8 1.5 2.6 2.9 .3 1.8 85.9 1994 306.1 70.5 152.5 .7 529.8 99.1 21.2 76.9 1.7 2.7 3.0 .3 1.7 86.4 1995 306.0 65.4 161.9 .3 533.7 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.8 3.0 3.0 .3 1.7 87.3 1996 308.1 71.3 161.4 .1 540.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.7 2.9 2.9 .3 1.7 84.9 1997 308.5 71.0 163.4 .2 543.1 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.8 2.9 2.9 .3 1.6 87.8 1998 310.9 65.0 167.1 .1 543.0 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.8 3.0 2.9 .3 1.7 87.8 1999 310.7 58.6 181.1 .2 550.7 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.8 3.0 2.8 .4 2.3 88.6 2000 310.2 60.7 204.7 .3 575.9 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.7 3.3 2.8 .4 2.4 88.8 2001 309.8 64.7 236.8 .3 611.6 98.2 19.7 77.9 1.6 3.3 2.2 .4 3.9 89.2 2002 311.0 58.6 296.6 .3 666.5 98.7 20.4 78.3 1.6 3.3 2.3 .4 4.4 90.2 2003 308.5 59.6 339.1 .3 707.6 99.2 20.5 77.9 1.6 3.3 2.1 .4 6.0 91.3 2004 308.8 58.0 355.2 .4 722.4 99.6 20.8 77.0 1.6 2.9 2.2 .4 6.5 90.6 2005 309.0 57.4 367.5 .3 734.3 100.0 21.3 76.9 1.6 3.0 2.3 .4 8.7 92.9 2006 309.2 56.8 372.0 .4 738.4 100.3 21.5 77.1 1.7 3.1 2.3 .4 11.3 95.9 2007 309.1 54.8 377.1 .5 741.5 100.3 21.9 77.5 1.7 3.5 2.2 .5 16.5 102.0 2008 309.6 56.4 381.8 .2 748.1 100.8 21.9 77.6 1.8 3.6 2.2 .5 24.7 110.5 2009 310.5 55.7 385.5 .2 751.9 101.0 22.2 78.2 1.9 3.7 2.4 .6 34.3 121.1 2010 R312.4 R54.6 R391.4 R.7 R759.1 R101.2 R22.2 R78.5 R2.1 R3.7 2.4 .9 R39.1 R126.6 2011P 314.8 54.6 397.3 .7 767.4 101.4 22.3 78.6 2.1 3.8 2.4 1.5 45.2 133.5 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Wood."11 Included in "Wind."12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million

kilowatts. 

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sources of 

to the energy source reported as the predominant one. • The electrielectricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Tabindustrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electr"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • SCapacity" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to inde

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity fo

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1949-1984—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) esti

Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, ForGenerator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer RForm EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility," and Form Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual E
260 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2

 (Breakout of Table 8.11b; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 7 Wind Tota

5 Waste 6

Electricity-Only Plants 9

1989 296.5 78.0 119.3 0.4 494.2 98.2 18.1 73.6 0.9 1.5 2.6 0.2 1.5 80.3 1990 299.9 76.6 121.8 .4 498.6 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.0 1.9 2.7 .3 1.8 80.9 1995 301.3 64.7 145.3 .3 511.5 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.5 2.7 3.0 .3 1.7 86.6 1996 303.1 70.6 143.1 .1 516.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.4 2.6 2.9 .3 1.7 84.2 1997 303.6 70.2 144.7 .2 518.7 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.5 2.5 2.9 .3 1.6 87.1 1998 305.9 64.2 147.5 .1 517.5 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.4 2.6 2.9 .3 1.7 87.0 1999 305.5 57.5 161.7 .2 525.0 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.5 2.6 2.8 .4 2.3 87.8 2000 305.2 59.8 184.0 .1 549.0 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.5 2.8 2.8 .4 2.4 88.1 2001 305.2 63.8 215.5 .1 584.5 98.2 19.7 77.9 1.5 2.9 2.2 .4 3.9 88.7 2002 305.8 57.5 268.1 .1 631.5 98.7 20.4 78.3 1.4 2.9 2.3 .4 4.4 89.7 2003 303.0 58.6 304.2 .1 665.9 99.2 20.5 77.9 1.4 2.8 2.1 .4 6.0 90.6 2004 303.2 57.3 322.6 .1 683.2 99.6 20.8 77.0 1.5 2.6 2.2 .4 6.5 90.0 2005 303.4 56.9 335.8 (s) 696.2 100.0 21.3 76.9 1.4 2.6 2.3 .4 8.7 92.3 2006 303.4 55.8 341.9 .1 701.2 100.3 21.5 77.1 1.5 2.7 2.3 .4 11.3 95.3 2007 303.2 53.9 347.6 .1 704.9 100.3 21.9 77.5 1.5 3.1 2.2 .5 16.5 101.3 2008 303.7 55.5 352.3 – 711.5 100.8 21.9 77.6 1.6 3.2 2.2 .5 24.7 109.8 2009 304.5 54.8 356.6 (s) 716.0 101.0 22.2 78.2 1.7 3.2 2.4 .6 34.3 120.3 2010 R306.9 R53.8 R362.4 R.5 R723.7 R101.2 R22.2 R78.5 1.7 3.3 2.4 .9 R39.1 R125.8 2011P 309.4 53.8 368.3 .5 732.0 101.4 22.3 78.6 1.7 3.3 2.4 1.5 45.2 132.6 

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 10

1989 1.5 0.2 6.1 – 7.7 – – – 0.2 0.2 – – – 0.4 1990 2.4 .2 8.1 – 10.7 – – – .2 .2 – – – .5 1995 4.8 .8 16.6 – 22.1 – – – .4 .2 – – – .6 1996 5.0 .7 18.4 – 24.0 – – – .3 .3 – – – .6 1997 4.9 .8 18.7 (s) 24.4 – – – .3 .4 – – – .7 1998 5.0 .8 19.6 – 25.5 – – – .4 .4 – – – .7 1999 5.2 1.1 19.4 – 25.7 – – – .4 .4 – – – .7 2000 5.0 .9 20.7 .3 26.9 – – – .2 .5 – – – .7 2001 4.6 1.0 21.2 .3 27.1 – – (s) .1 .4 – – – .5 2002 5.2 1.1 28.5 .2 34.9 – – – .1 .4 – – – .6 2003 5.5 1.1 34.9 .2 41.7 – – (s) .2 .5 – – – .7 2004 5.6 .7 32.6 .3 39.2 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – .6 2005 5.6 .5 31.7 .3 38.1 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – .6 2006 5.8 1.0 30.0 .3 37.2 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – .6 2007 5.9 .9 29.5 .3 36.6 – – – .2 .4 – – – .7 2008 5.9 .9 29.6 .2 36.6 – – – .2 .5 – – – .7 2009 5.9 .9 28.9 .2 35.9 – – – .2 .5 – – – .7 2010 R5.5 R.8 R29.0 .2 R35.4 – – – R.4 .5 – – – .8 2011P 5.5 .8 29.0 .2 35.4 – – – .4 .5 – – – .9 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 9 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the

public. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

10 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants—these are included

under "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 milliNotes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sources o

to the energy source reported as the predominant one. • See Table 8.11d CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistiof Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "GenerGlossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent ro

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), F

Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Form EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility," and Form Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annua
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-20

 (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 7 Wind Total 5 Waste 6

Commercial Sector 9

1989 0.3 0.2 0.6 – 1.0 – – (s) (s) 0.2 – – – 0.2 1990 .3 .2 .7 – 1.2 – – (s) (s) .2 – – – .2 1995 .3 .2 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – .3 1996 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .5 1997 .3 .4 1.2 – 1.9 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .5 1998 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .5 – – – .5 1999 .3 .4 1.1 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .5 – – – .5 2000 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .4 2001 .3 .3 1.9 – 2.5 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – .4 2002 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .4 2003 .3 .3 1.0 – 1.7 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .4 2004 .4 .3 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .4 2005 .4 .3 1.0 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .5 2006 .4 .3 1.0 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .5 2007 .4 .3 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – .5 2008 .4 .4 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – (s) – .5 2009 .4 .3 1.1 (s) 1.9 – – (s) (s) .5 – (s) (s) .5 2010 .4 R.4 1.2 (s) 1.9 – – (s) (s) .5 – (s) (s) .5 2011P .4 .4 1.1 (s) 1.9 – – (s) (s) .1 – (s) (s) .2 

Industrial Sector 10

1989 4.8 0.7 9.7 1.2 16.5 – – 0.5 4.1 0.2 – – – 4.8 1990 4.8 .9 10.3 1.3 17.3 – – .6 4.3 .2 – – – 5.1 1995 5.0 1.0 11.3 1.4 18.7 – – 1.1 4.9 .2 – – – 6.3 1996 5.0 .9 11.5 1.6 19.0 – – 1.1 5.1 .2 – – – 6.4 1997 4.8 1.1 11.9 1.3 19.2 – – 1.1 5.1 .2 – – – 6.5 1998 4.6 1.0 12.0 1.5 19.1 – – 1.1 5.0 .2 – – – 6.3 1999 4.4 1.1 12.9 1.7 20.1 – – 1.1 5.0 .2 – – – 6.2 2000 4.6 .8 13.7 2.0 21.2 – – 1.1 4.4 .2 – – – 5.7 2001 4.2 1.1 14.1 1.3 20.7 – – 1.0 4.2 .1 – – – 5.4 2002 4.0 .7 14.7 1.8 21.2 – – 1.0 4.3 .1 – – – 5.5 2003 4.1 .7 15.3 1.7 21.9 – – .8 4.3 .1 – – – 5.2 2004 3.8 .8 14.8 1.9 21.3 – – .6 4.5 .2 – – – 5.4 2005 4.0 .8 14.5 1.8 21.0 – – .7 4.5 .2 – – – 5.4 2006 3.3 1.0 15.3 1.8 21.4 – – .7 4.7 .2 – – – 5.6 2007 3.2 .9 14.7 1.9 20.6 – – .3 5.0 .2 – (s) – 5.5 2008 3.2 .7 14.6 1.8 20.3 – – .3 5.0 .1 – (s) – 5.4 2009 3.4 .7 14.7 1.7 20.5 – – .3 5.0 .1 – (s) – 5.5 2010 4.0 .7 R14.4 R2.0 R21.1 – – .3 R4.9 R.2 – (s) R (s) 5.5 2011P 4.0 .7 14.7 2.0 21.3 – – .3 5.0 .5 – (s) (s) 5.9 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 9 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

10 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sources of 

to the energy source reported as the predominant one. • See Tables 8.11b sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electri"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Capacity" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to inde

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity fo

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.

Sources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Ge
Figure 8.12a Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin: Summer Peak Period

U.S.1 Summer Peak Load,2 All Interconnections, 1986-2011 Summer Capacity Margin, 1996-2011U.S.1 Summer Peak Load2 by NERC3 Regional Assessment Area, 2011262 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.2 See “Noncoincident Peak Load” in Glossary.3 See “North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)” in Glossary.

Notes: • Values for 2011 are forecast. • The summ

September.

Source: Table 8.12a. 

1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0

300600900

Gigawatts

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 

05

10152025

Percent

46

60

5

98

149

165

53

FRCC NPCC MAPP MISO PJM SERC SPP 

0

50

100150200

Gigawatts
Figure 8.12b Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin: Winter Peak Period

U.S.1 Winter Peak Load,2 All Interconnections, 1986-2011 Winter Capacity Margin, 1996-2011U.S.1 Winter Peak Load2 by NERC3 Regional Assessment Area, 2011

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

0

100200300400500600700

Gigawatts

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 

05

101520253035

Percent

48 47

5

79

131

154

41

FRCC NPCC MAPP MISO PJM SERC SPP 

0

50

100150200

Gigawatts 1 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

2 See “Noncoincident Peak Load” in Glossary.3 See “North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)” in Glossary.

Notes: • Values for 2011 are forecast. • The winter peSource: Table 8.12b.
264 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 8.12a Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin: Summer Peak Period, 1986-2

 (Megawatts, Except as Noted)

Year

Noncoincident Peak Load 1 by North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) 2 Regional Assessment Area 

Eastern Interconnection

ERCOT 4

FRCC 5 NPCC 6

Balance of Eastern Region 3

ECAR 7,8 MAAC 8,9 MAIN 8,10 MAPP 11 MISO 12 MRO 13 PJM 14 RFC 8,15 SERC 16 SPP 17 Subtotal TRE 18 

1986 – – 39,026 69,606 37,564 35,943 – – – – 21,029 – – – – 105,570 47,123 316,835 39,335 1987 – – 42,651 72,561 40,526 37,446 – – – – 23,162 – – – – 109,798 47,723 331,216 39,339 1988 – – 45,245 79,149 43,110 41,139 – – – – 24,899 – – – – 115,168 49,356 352,821 40,843 1989 – – 45,031 75,442 41,614 39,460 – – – – 24,336 – – – – 117,729 49,439 348,020 40,402 1990 – – 44,116 79,258 42,613 40,740 – – – – 24,994 – – – – 121,943 52,541 362,089 42,737 1991 – – 46,594 81,224 45,937 41,598 – – – – 25,498 – – – – 124,716 51,885 370,858 41,870 1992 – – 43,658 78,550 43,658 38,819 – – – – 22,638 – – – – 128,236 51,324 363,225 42,619 1993 – – 46,706 80,930 46,494 41,956 – – – – 24,396 – – – – 135,704 57,106 386,586 44,255 1994 – – 47,581 87,165 46,019 42,562 – – – – 27,000 – – – – 132,584 56,035 391,365 44,162 1995 – – 47,705 92,619 48,577 45,782 – – – – 29,192 – – – – 146,569 59,595 422,334 46,618 1996 – – 45,094 90,798 44,302 46,402 – – – – 28,253 – – – – 145,650 60,072 415,477 47,480 1997 35,375 49,269 93,492 49,464 45,887 – – – – 29,787 – – – – 137,382 36,479 392,491 50,541 1998 38,730 49,566 93,784 48,445 47,509 – – – – 30,722 – – – – 143,226 37,724 401,410 54,666 1999 37,493 52,855 99,239 51,645 51,535 – – – – 31,903 – – – – 149,685 38,609 422,616 55,529 2000 37,194 50,057 92,033 49,477 52,552 – – – – 28,605 – – – – 156,088 40,199 418,954 57,606 2001 39,062 55,949 100,235 54,015 56,344 – – – – 28,321 – – – – 149,293 40,273 428,481 55,201 2002 40,696 56,012 102,996 55,569 56,396 – – – – 29,119 – – – – 158,767 39,688 442,535 56,248 2003 40,475 55,018 98,487 53,566 56,988 – – – – 28,831 – – – – 153,110 40,367 431,349 59,996 2004 42,383 52,549 95,300 52,049 53,439 – – – – 29,351 – – – – 157,615 40,106 427,860 58,531 2005 46,396 58,960 – – – – – – – – – – 39,918 – – 190,200 190,705 41,727 462,550 60,210 2006 45,751 63,241 – – – – – – – – – – 42,194 – – 191,920 199,052 42,882 476,048 62,339 2007 46,676 58,314 – – – – – – – – – – 41,684 – – 181,700 209,109 43,167 475,660 62,188 2008 44,836 58,543 – – – – – – – – – – 39,677 – – 169,155 199,779 43,476 452,087 62,174 2009 46,550 55,944 – – – – – – – – – – 37,963 – – 161,241 191,032 41,465 431,701 63,518 2010 R45,722 R60,554 – – – – – – 4,598 108,346 R– – 136,465 R– – R164,058 R53,077 466,543 R65,776 2011F 46,091 60,262 – – – – – – 4,810 98,068 – – 148,941 – – 164,510 53,084 469,412 63,770 

1 Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak loads on individual systems that do not occur

at the same time interval. Peak load represents one hour of a day during the associated peak period. See"Noncoincident Peak Load" in Glossary. 2 See "North American Electric Reliablility Corporation (NERC)" in Glossary. Data include the U.S.portion of NERC only.

3 Historically, the MRO, RFC, SERC, and SPP regional boundaries were altered as utilities changed

reliability organizations. The historical data series for these regions have not been adjusted. Instead, the"Balance of Eastern Region" category was introduced to provide a consistent trend of the EasternInterconnection. 4 Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). 5 Florida Reliability Coordinating Council (FRCC). 6 Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC). 7 East Central Area Reliability Coordination Agreement (ECAR). 8 ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN dissolved at the end of 2005. Many of the former utility members joinedRFC, which came into existence on January 1, 2006. RFC submitted a consolidated filing covering thehistorical NERC regions of ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN.

9 Mid-Atlantic Area Council (MAAC).

10 Mid-America Interconnected Network (MAIN).11 Mid-Continent Area Power Pool (MAPP).

12 Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator (MISO)13 Midwest Reliability Organization (MRO).14 PJM Interconnection (PJM).15 ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC).16 SERC Reliability Corporation (SERC).17 Southwest Power Pool (SPP).18 Texas Reliability Entity (TRE).19 Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC).20 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.21 Capacity margin is the amount of unused available capability 

as a percentage of capacity resources. Data are for the United St

R=Revised. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicabNotes: • The summer peak period is June through Septe

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electr

Tables 4.1.A., 4.1.B., 4.3.A., and 4.3.B.; and EIA, Form EIA-41Demand Program Report," and predecessor forms. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.12b Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin: Winter Peak Period, 1986-20

 (Megawatts, Except as Noted)

Year

Noncoincident Peak Load 1 by North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) 2 Regional Assessment Area 

Eastern Interconnection

ERCOT 4

FRCC 5 NPCC 6

Balance of Eastern Region 3

ECAR 7,8 MAAC 8,9 MAIN 8,10 MAPP 11 MISO 12 MRO 13 PJM 14 RFC 8,15 SERC 16 SPP 17 Subtotal TRE 18 

1986 – – 37,976 64,561 32,807 28,036 – – – – 18,850 – – – – 101,849 33,877 279,980 28,730 1987 – – 41,902 68,118 35,775 30,606 – – – – 19,335 – – – – 105,476 34,472 293,782 31,399 1988 – – 42,951 67,771 36,363 30,631 – – – – 20,162 – – – – 108,649 35,649 299,225 34,621 1989 – – 42,588 73,080 38,161 33,770 – – – – 21,360 – – – – 121,995 42,268 330,634 38,388 1990 – – 40,545 67,097 36,551 32,461 – – – – 21,113 – – – – 117,448 38,949 313,619 35,815 1991 – – 41,866 71,181 37,983 33,420 – – – – 21,432 – – – – 119,575 38,759 322,350 35,448 1992 – – 41,125 72,885 37,915 31,289 – – – – 21,866 – – – – 121,250 39,912 325,117 35,055 1993 – – 42,063 81,846 41,406 34,966 – – – – 21,955 – – – – 133,635 41,644 355,452 35,407 1994 – – 42,547 75,638 40,653 33,999 – – – – 23,033 – – – – 132,661 42,505 348,489 36,180 1995 – – 42,755 83,465 40,790 35,734 – – – – 23,429 – – – – 142,032 44,624 370,074 36,965 1996 – – 41,208 84,534 40,468 37,162 – – – – 24,251 – – – – 143,060 49,095 378,570 38,868 1997 33,076 41,338 75,670 37,217 34,973 – – – – 25,390 – – – – 122,649 27,437 323,336 37,966 1998 39,975 44,199 84,401 36,532 37,410 – – – – 26,080 – – – – 127,416 27,847 339,686 41,876 1999 40,178 45,227 86,239 40,220 39,081 – – – – 25,200 – – – – 128,563 27,963 347,266 39,164 2000 38,606 43,852 84,546 43,256 41,943 – – – – 24,536 – – – – 139,146 30,576 364,003 44,641 2001 40,922 42,670 85,485 39,458 40,529 – – – – 21,815 – – – – 135,182 29,614 352,083 44,015 2002 45,635 46,009 87,300 46,551 42,412 – – – – 23,645 – – – – 141,882 30,187 371,977 45,414 2003 36,841 48,079 86,332 45,625 41,719 – – – – 24,134 – – – – 137,972 28,450 364,232 42,702 2004 44,839 48,176 91,800 45,905 42,929 – – – – 24,526 – – – – 144,337 29,490 378,987 44,010 2005 42,657 46,828 – – – – – – – – – – 33,748 – – 151,600 164,638 31,260 381,246 48,141 2006 42,526 46,697 – – – – – – – – – – 34,677 – – 149,631 175,163 30,792 390,263 50,402 2007 41,701 46,795 – – – – – – – – – – 33,191 – – 141,900 179,888 31,322 386,301 50,408 2008 45,275 46,043 – – – – – – – – – – 36,029 – – 142,395 179,596 32,809 390,829 47,806 2009 53,022 44,864 – – – – – – – – – – 35,351 – – 143,827 193,135 32,863 405,176 56,191 2010 R46,135 R45,712 – – – – – – 5,069 86,728 R– – 115,535 R– – R152,030 R41,226 400,589 R57,315 2011F 47,613 46,788 – – – – – – 5,118 79,052 – – 130,711 – – 154,150 41,138 410,168 51,642 

1 Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak loads on individual systems that do not occur

at the same time interval. Peak load represents one hour of a day during the associated peak period. See"Noncoincident Peak Load" in Glossary. 2 See "North American Electric Reliablility Corporation (NERC)" in Glossary. Data include the U.S.portion of NERC only.

3 Historically, the MRO, RFC, SERC, and SPP regional boundaries were altered as utilities changed

reliability organizations. The historical data series for these regions have not been adjusted. Instead, the"Balance of Eastern Region" category was introduced to provide a consistent trend of the EasternInterconnection. 4 Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). 5 Florida Reliability Coordinating Council (FRCC). 6 Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC). 7 East Central Area Reliability Coordination Agreement (ECAR). 8 ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN dissolved at the end of 2005. Many of the former utility members joinedRFC, which came into existence on January 1, 2006. RFC submitted a consolidated filing covering thehistorical NERC regions of ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN.

9 Mid-Atlantic Area Council (MAAC).

10 Mid-America Interconnected Network (MAIN).11 Mid-Continent Area Power Pool (MAPP).

12 Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator (MISO)13 Midwest Reliability Organization (MRO).14 PJM Interconnection (PJM).15 ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC).16 SERC Reliability Corporation (SERC).17 Southwest Power Pool (SPP).18 Texas Reliability Entity (TRE).19 Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC).20 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.21 Capacity margin is the amount of unused available capability 

as a percentage of capacity resources. Data are for the United St

R=Revised. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicabNotes: • The winter peak period is October through May of th

correspond to the beginning of the winter peak period; for exam2011–May 2012. • Totals may not equal sum of components due 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electr

Tables 4.1.A., 4.1.B., 4.4.A., and 4.4.B.; and EIA, Form EIA-41Demand Program Report," and predecessor forms. 
Figure 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs

Actual Peakload Reductions Total, 1989-2010 Actual Peakload Reductions, 2010Energy Savings, 1989-2010 Electric Utility Costs,1 1989-2010266 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Program costs consist of all costs associated with providing the various Demand-Side

Management (DSM) programs or measures. The costs of DSM programs fall into these major

categories: customer rebates/incentives, administration/marketing/training, performance incentives, research and evaluation, and other (most likely indirect) costs.

2 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars

Source: Table 8.13.

12

14

16

17

23

25

30 30

25

27 26

23

25

23 23 24

26

27

30

32 32

33

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

05

101520253035

Gigawatts

Total: 33,283 Megawatts (MW)

Energy Efficiency

20,808 MW

(63%)

Load

Management

12,475 MW

(37%)

15

20

25

36

45

52

57

62

56

49 51 54 54 54 50 55

60

64

69

77 78

88

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

0

20406080

100

Billion Kilowatthours

0.9

1.2

1.8

2.3

2.7 2.7

2.4

1.9

1.6

1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 

0

1

2

345

Billion Dollars2
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2010

Year

Actual Peakload Reductions 1

Energy Savings 

Energy Efficiency 2 Load Management 3 Total 

Megawatts Million Kilowatthours 

1989 NA NA 12,463 14,672 1990 NA NA 13,704 20,458 1991 NA NA 15,619 24,848 1992 7,890 9,314 17,204 35,563 1993 10,368 12,701 23,069 45,294 1994 11,662 13,340 25,001 52,483 1995 13,212 16,347 29,561 57,421 1996 14,243 15,650 29,893 61,842 1997 13,327 11,958 25,284 56,406 1998 13,591 13,640 27,231 49,167 1999 13,452 13,003 26,455 50,563 2000 12,873 10,027 22,901 53,701 2001 13,027 11,928 24,955 53,936 2002 13,420 9,516 22,936 54,075 2003 13,581 9,323 22,904 50,265 2004 14,272 9,260 23,532 54,710 2005 15,351 10,359 25,710 59,897 2006 15,959 11,281 27,240 63,817 2007 17,710 12,543 30,253 68,992 2008 19,707 12,028 31,735 76,674 2009 19,766 11,916 31,682 77,907 2010 20,808 12,475 33,283 87,839 

1 The actual reduction in peak load reflects the change in demand for electricity that results from a utility

demand-side management (DSM) program that is in effect at the time that the utility experiences its actualpeak load as opposed to the potential installed peakload reduction capacity. Differences between actualand potential peak reduction result from changes in weather, economic activity, and other variableconditions.

2 "Energy Efficiency" refers to programs that are aimed at reducing the energy used by specific end-use

devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. These programs reduce overallelectricity consumption, often without explicit consideration for the timing of program-induced savings. Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technically more advanced equipment to produce thesame level of end-use services (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity. Examples includehigh-efficiency appliances, efficient lighting programs, high-efficiency heating, ventilating, and airconditioning systems or control modifications, efficient building design, advanced electric motor drives, andheat recovery systems.

3 "Load Management" includes programs such as "Direct Load Control," "Interruptible Load Control,"

and, "Other Types" of DSM programs. "Direct Load Control" refers to program activities that can interruptconsumer load at the time of annual peak load by direct control of the utility system operator by interruptingpower supply to individual appliances or equipment on consumer premises. This type of control usuallyinvolves residential consumers. "Interruptible Load Control" refers to program activities that, in accordancewith contractual arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at times of seasonal peak load by direct controlof the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at the direct request of the system operator. It

usually involves commercial and industrial consumers. In som

affected by direct action of the system operator (remote tripping) awith contractual provisions. "Other Types" are programs that loff-peak time periods, such as space heating and water heating st

4 Program costs consist of all costs associated with providing 

The costs of DSM programs fall into these major caadministration/marketing/training, performance, incentives, researindirect) costs. 5 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in 

NA=Not available. Note: This table reports on the results of DSM programs ope

since 1998 in peakload reductions from DSM programs can be aterminating these programs due to industry deregulation. Somprograms to promote DSM. Examples include the "Energy $maYork Energy Research and Development Authority and the "EfficPublic Service Board. Data on energy savings attributable to theby the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: • 1989-1998—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electri

Electric Power Annual 2010 (November 2011), Tables 9.1, 9.6, an
Electricity

Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Through 1984, data for electric utilities also include institutions (such as universities) and military facilities that

generated electricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985, data for electric utilities exclude institutions and military facilities. Data for independentpower producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with agenerator nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt or greater; they exclude plants with agenerator nameplate capacity less than 1 megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity statistics in Section 8 are data for residential and commercial selfgeneration from solar energy, except for the small amount sold to the grid and

included in data for the electric power sector.

Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors. The U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricityonly and combined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use sectors based on the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the StandardIndustrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a NAICS code of 22 areassigned to the Electric Power Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining, including oil and gas extraction); 23 (construction); 31-33 (manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and22131 (water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned to the Industrial Sector.Those with all other codes are assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA860, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” asks respondents to indicate theprimary purpose of the facility by assigning a NAICS code from the list at:http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/forms/eia860.doc.Note 3. Electricity Imports and Exports. Through the Annual Energy Review(AER) 2001, EIA estimated the proportions of traded electricity from fossil fuelsand hydropower (and applied the fossil-fuel steam-electric-plant heat rate toconvert from kilowatthours to Btu) and from geothermal (and applied the heat ratefor geothermal energy plants). Beginning with the AER 2002, because of inadequate data, EIA is applying an overall rate of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour to alltraded electricity. In addition, electricity net imports derived from hydroelectricpower and geothermal energy are no longer included in renewable energy

consumption data. They continue to be included in as components of electricity net imports, with eneTables 1.3 and 2.1f). This change between AER 2000.0-to-0.5 quadrillion Btu drop in total renewable e

forward.

Table 8.1 Sources: Net Generation, Electric PoGeneration, Commercial Sector: Table 8.2d. Sector: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Co"Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with genmegawatts, and FPC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Eleall other plants. • October 1977-1978—Federal E(FERC), Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Reporcapacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and FERC, Form Generating Capacity," for all other plants. • 1979—Power Plant Report," for plants with generating capand EIA estimates for all other plants. • 1980-198

Information Administration (EIA) as the average period of 1974-1979. • 1989 forward—Table 8.2

Table 8.2a. Imports and Exports: • 1949-Septemdata. • October 1977-1980—Unpublished Econom(ERA) data. • 1981—U.S. Department of EnerEmergency Operations, "Report on Electric Energy Mexico for Calendar Year 1981," April 1982 (revi1983—DOE, ERA, Electricity Exchanges Across In

1986—DOE, ERA, Electricity Transactions Acros

1987 and 1988—DOE, ERA, Form ERA-781R, "AElectrical Export/Import Data." • 1989—DOE, F"Annual Report of International Electrical Expoforward—National Energy Board of Canada, and DOery and Energy Reliability, Form OE-781R, “Mo

Exports Report,” and predecessor form. For 2001 foIndependent System Operator are used in combinvalues to estimate electricity trade with Mexico. T & for: Calculated as the sum of total net generation anand exports. End Use: Table 8.9.

268 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
9. Nuclear 
Figure 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units

Operable Units,1 1957-2011 Nuclear Net Summer Capacity Change, 1950-20

Status of All Nuclear Generating Units, 2011 Permanent Shutdowns by Year, 1955-2011

270 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Units holding full-power operating licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end

of the year.

Note: Data are at end of year.Sources: Tables 9.1 and 8.11a.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

-4

048

12

Million Kilowatts

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

306090

120

Number of Units

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1

0

1

2

34

Number

Total Units Ordered: 259

Permanent

Shutdowns

28

104

Operable

Units1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2011

Year

Original Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 50) 1 Current Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 52) 1

Permanent

Shutdowns 

Construction

Permits

Issued 2,3

Low-Power

Operating Licenses

Issued 3,4

Full-Power

Operating Licenses

Issued 3,5

Early Site

Permits

Issued 3

Combined

License Applications

Received 6

Combined

Licenses

Issued 3

1955 1 0 0 – – – – – – 0 1956 3 0 0 – – – – – – 0 1957 1 1 1 – – – – – – 0 1958 0 0 0 – – – – – – 0 1959 3 1 1 – – – – – – 0 1960 7 1 1 – – – – – – 0 1961 0 0 0 – – – – – – 0 1962 1 7 6 – – – – – – 0 1963 1 3 2 – – – – – – R1 1964 3 2 3 – – – – – – 1 1965 1 0 0 – – – – – – 0 1966 5 1 2 – – – – – – 1 1967 14 3 3 – – – – – – 2 1968 23 0 0 – – – – – – R1 1969 7 4 4 – – – – – – 0 1970 10 4 3 – – – – – – R1 1971 4 5 2 – – – – – – 0 1972 8 6 6 – – – – – – R2 1973 14 12 15 – – – – – – 0 1974 23 14 15 – – – – – – 2 1975 9 3 2 – – – – – – 0 1976 9 7 7 – – – – – – 1 1977 15 4 4 – – – – – – 0 1978 13 3 4 – – – – – – 1 1979 2 0 0 – – – – – – 1 1980 0 5 2 – – – – – – 0 1981 0 3 4 – – – – – – 0 1982 0 6 4 – – – – – – 1 1983 0 3 3 – – – – – – 0 1984 0 7 6 – – – – – – 0 1985 0 7 9 – – – – – – 0 1986 0 7 5 – – – – – – 0 1987 0 6 8 – – – – – – R1 1988 0 1 2 – – – – – – 0 1989 0 3 4 – – – – – – R3 1990 0 1 2 – – – – – – R0 1991 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1 1992 0 0 0 – – – – – – 2 1993 0 1 1 – – – – – – 0 1994 0 0 0 – – – – – – R0 1995 0 1 0 – – – – – – 0 1996 0 0 1 – – – – – – R3 1997 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1998 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1 1999-2006 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2007 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 2008 0 0 0 0 R12 0 0 2009 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 177 132 132 4 R18 0 28 

1 Data in columns 1–3 are based on the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR

Part 50. Data in columns 4–6 are based on the NRC regulation 10 CFR Part 52. See Note 1, "PendingActions on Nuclear Generating Units," at end of section.

2 Issuance by regulatory authority of a permit, or equivalent permission, to begin construction. Under

current licensing regulations, the construction permit is no longer issued separately from the operatinglicense. 3 Numbers reflect permits or licenses issued in a given year, not extant permits or licenses. 4 Issuance by regulatory authority of license, or equivalent permission, to conduct testing but not tooperate at full power. 5 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission (note thatsome units receive full-power licenses the same year they receive low-power licenses). Units initially

undergo low-power testing prior to commercial operation. 6 Number of applications received for combined construction and operat

was subsequently withdrawn. Does not represent the total number of applications. See Note 1, "Pending Actions on Nuclear Generating Units," at 

7 Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equiva

the end of the year (the number of operable units equals the cumulative numlicenses minus the cumulative number of permanent shutdowns).

– – =Not applicable. Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of sectWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.Sources: See end of section.
Figure 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations

Total Electricity and Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2011 Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net GeneratiNet Summer Capacity of Operable Units, 1957-2011 Capacity Factor, 1973-2011272 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Sources: Tables 8.1 and 9.2.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

Total 

Nuclear 

1960 1970 1980 19

05

10152025

Percent

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

306090

120

Million Kilowatts

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

100

Percent
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2011

Year

Nuclear Electricity Net Generation Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net Generation Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units 1 Cap

Billion Kilowatthours Percent Million Kilowatts 

1957 (s) (s) 0.1 1958 .2 (s) .1 1959 .2 (s) .1 1960 .5 .1 .4 1961 1.7 .2 .4 1962 2.3 .3 .7 1963 3.2 .3 .8 1964 3.3 .3 .8 1965 3.7 .3 .8 1966 5.5 .5 1.7 1967 7.7 .6 2.7 1968 12.5 .9 2.7 1969 13.9 1.0 4.4 1970 21.8 1.4 7.0 1971 38.1 2.4 9.0 1972 54.1 3.1 14.5 1973 83.5 4.5 22.7 1974 114.0 6.1 31.9 1975 172.5 9.0 37.3 1976 191.1 9.4 43.8 1977 250.9 11.8 46.3 1978 276.4 12.5 50.8 1979 255.2 11.3 49.7 1980 251.1 11.0 51.8 1981 272.7 11.9 56.0 1982 282.8 12.6 60.0 1983 293.7 12.7 63.0 1984 327.6 13.5 69.7 1985 383.7 15.5 79.4 1986 414.0 16.6 85.2 1987 455.3 17.7 93.6 1988 527.0 19.5 94.7 1989 529.4 17.8 98.2 1990 576.9 19.0 99.6 1991 612.6 19.9 99.6 1992 618.8 20.1 99.0 1993 610.3 19.1 99.0 1994 640.4 19.7 99.1 1995 673.4 20.1 99.5 1996 674.7 19.6 100.8 1997 628.6 18.0 99.7 1998 673.7 18.6 97.1 1999 728.3 19.7 97.4 2000 753.9 19.8 97.9 2001 768.8 20.6 98.2 2002 780.1 20.2 98.7 2003 763.7 19.7 99.2 2004 788.5 19.9 99.6 2005 782.0 19.3 100.0 2006 787.2 19.4 100.3 2007 806.4 19.4 100.3 2008 806.2 19.6 100.8 2009 798.9 20.2 101.0 2010 807.0 19.6 R101.2 2011P 790.2 19.2 101.4 

1 At end of year. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. 2 See "Generator Capacity Factor" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05. Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#nuclear for updated monthly and

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/ for related information.

Sources: Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share of 

Table 8.2a. Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units: Table 8.11a. CaInformation Administration, Monthly Energy Review (April 2012), Table 8.1weighted averages of monthly capacity factors.
Figure 9.3 Uranium Overview

Production and Trade, 1949-2011 Production and Trade, 2011Inventories, End of Year 1981-2011 Average Prices, 1981-2011274 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Purchased Imports

Purchased Imports

Domestic Purchas

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary. 

Source: Table 9.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

255075

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide Export Sales Domestic Concentrate Production

4

54

Domestic Purchased Imports 

0

204060

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

Concentrate Production

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

50

100150200

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide Total

1985 1990 1995 2

0

102030405060

Dollars1 per Pound Uranium Oxide Electric Plants

Domestic Suppliers
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2011

Year

Domestic

Concentrate

Production 1

Purchased

Imports 2

Export 2

Sales 

Electric Plant

Purchases From

Domestic Suppliers

Loaded Into

U.S. Nuclear

Reactors 3

Inventories 

Domestic Suppliers Electric Plants Total Purcha

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide D

1949 0.36 4.3 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1950 .92 5.5 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 5.56 7.6 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 35.28 36.0 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 20.88 8.0 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 25.81 .0 4.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1975 23.20 1.4 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 25.49 3.6 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1977 29.88 5.6 4.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1978 36.97 5.2 6.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 37.47 3.0 6.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 43.70 3.6 5.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 38.47 6.6 4.4 32.6 NA NA NA 159.2 1982 26.87 17.1 6.2 27.1 NA NA NA 174.8 1983 21.16 8.2 3.3 24.2 NA NA NA 191.8 1984 14.88 12.5 2.2 22.5 NA 25.0 160.2 185.2 1985 11.31 11.7 5.3 21.7 NA 23.7 153.2 176.9 1986 13.51 13.5 1.6 18.9 NA 27.0 144.1 171.1 1987 12.99 15.1 1.0 20.8 NA 25.4 137.8 163.2 1988 13.13 15.8 3.3 17.6 NA 19.3 125.5 144.8 1989 13.84 13.1 2.1 18.4 NA 22.2 115.8 138.1 1990 8.89 23.7 2.0 20.5 NA 26.4 102.7 129.1 1991 7.95 16.3 3.5 26.8 34.6 20.7 98.0 118.7 1992 5.65 23.3 2.8 23.4 43.0 25.2 92.1 117.3 1993 3.06 21.0 3.0 15.5 45.1 24.5 81.2 105.7 1994 3.35 36.6 17.7 22.7 40.4 21.5 65.4 86.9 1995 6.04 41.3 9.8 22.3 51.1 13.7 58.7 72.5 1996 6.32 45.4 11.5 23.7 46.2 13.9 66.1 80.0 1997 5.64 43.0 17.0 19.4 48.2 40.4 65.9 106.2 1998 4.71 43.7 15.1 21.6 38.2 70.7 65.8 136.5 1999 4.61 47.6 8.5 21.4 58.8 68.8 58.3 127.1 2000 3.96 44.9 13.6 24.3 51.5 56.5 54.8 111.3 2001 2.64 46.7 11.7 27.5 52.7 48.1 55.6 103.8 2002 2.34 52.7 15.4 22.7 57.2 48.7 53.5 102.1 2003 5,E2.00 53.0 13.2 21.7 62.3 39.9 45.6 85.5 2004 2.28 66.1 13.2 28.2 50.1 37.5 57.7 95.2 2005 2.69 65.5 20.5 27.3 58.3 29.1 64.7 93.8 2006 4.11 64.8 18.7 27.9 51.7 29.1 77.5 106.6 2007 4.53 54.1 14.8 18.5 45.5 31.2 81.2 112.4 2008 3.90 57.1 17.2 20.4 51.3 27.0 83.0 110.0 2009 3.71 58.9 23.5 17.6 49.4 26.8 84.8 111.5 2010 4.23 55.3 23.1 16.2 44.3 R 24.7 86.5 R 111.3 2011 3.99 54.4 16.7 19.8 P 52.0 P 24.1 P 89.5 P 113.6 

1 See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 2 Import quantities through 1970 are reported for fiscal years. Prior to 1968, the Atomic Energy

Commission was the sole purchaser of all imported uranium oxide. Trade data prior to 1982 were fortransactions conducted by uranium suppliers only. For 1982 forward, transactions by uranium buyers(consumers) have been included. Buyer imports and exports prior to 1982 are believed to be small. 3 Does not include any fuel rods removed from reactors and later reloaded. 4 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Value has been rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. 

Note: See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.ei

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.

Sources: • 1949-1966—U.S. Department of Energy, Grand 

Uranium Industry, Report No. GJO-100, annual reports. • Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, annual reports. • Annual Report," annual reports. • 2007 forward—EIA, "2011 Dom2012), Table 3; EIA, "2011 Uranium Marketing Annual Report" (Mand EIA, Form EIA-858, "Uranium Marketing Annual Survey."
Nuclear Energy

Note 1. Pending Actions on Nuclear Generating Units. Much of Table 9.1 isbased on the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR Part50, which has in most instances been supplanted by 10 CFR Part 52 following thepassage of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and procedural reforms initiated in 1989by the NRC. (This statement applies to permit and license procedures only.) 

The NRC did not issue any Early Site Permits (ESP) during 2011. Two ESP

applications are currently under review; one to Victoria County Station and theother to PSEG Site.

As of December 31, 2011, the NRC had received 18 Combined License (COL)

applications representing 28 nuclear generating units. The following 14 COLapplications are under review: Bell Bend (Pennsylvania); Bellefonte Units 3 and 4(Alabama); Calvert Cliffs Unit 3 (Maryland); Comanche Peak Units 3 and 4(Texas); Fermi Unit 3 (Michigan); Levy County Units 1 and 2 (Florida); Nine MilePoint Unit 3 (New York); North Anna Unit 3 (Virginia); Shearon Harris Units 2and 3 (North Carolina); South Texas Units 3 and 4 (Texas); Turkey Point Units 6and 7 (Florida); Virgil C. Summer Units 2 and 3 (South Carolina); Vogtle Units 3and 4 (Georgia); and William States Lee III Units 1 and 2 (South Carolina). At therequest of the applicants, review has been suspended for three COL applications:Callaway Unit 2 (Missouri), Grand Gulf Unit 3 (Mississippi), and River Bend Unit3 (Louisiana). The Victoria County Units 1 and 2 COL application was withdrawnin 2010 following the announcement that the applicant intends to apply instead foran ESP with the reactor choice unspecified. In addition to the COL applicationscurrently under review, Watts Bar Unit 2 is currently under construction. Watts BarUnit 2 was issued a construction permit in 1973, and the U.S. Energy InformationAdministration projects that it will be brought on line in 2013. This is the only reactor that is anticipated to apply for the license separate of construction permit. TVAhas also requested that Bellefonte Units 1 and 2, two partially completed units, bemoved to ‘deferred plan’ status as the Agency considers completing one or both.

As of December 31, 2011, 11 applications for license extensions were under

review by the NRC. The NRC granted 20-year license extensions in 2011 to:Kewaunee Power Station on February 24, Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Stationon March 21, Palo Verde Units 1, 2, and 3 on April 21, Prairie Island Units 1 and 2on June 27, Salem Units 1 and 2 on June 30, and Hope Creek on July 20.

For more information on nuclear reactors, see http://www.nrc.gov/reactors.html.

Note 2. Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics. In 1997, the U.S. Energy Information Administration undertook a major revision of Table 9.1 to more fullydescribe the history of the U.S. commercial nuclear power industry. The time framewas extended back to the birth of the industry in 1953 and the data categories wererevised for greater relevance to current industry conditions and trends. To acquirethe data for the revised categories, it was necessary to develop a reactor unitdatabase employing different sources than those used previously for Table 9.1 andstill used for Table 9.2. 

The data in Table 9.1 apply to commercial nucl

the units contributed power to the commercial electrhave been ordered over the lifetime of the nuclear iwere placed by electric utilities, several units were wholly or in part by the Federal Government, includ

Superheater Power Station), Elk River, ExperimentHanford N, Piqua, and Shippingport. 

A reactor is generally defined as operable in T

power license, or an equivalent, from the NRC oEnergy Commission, at the end of the year. The defnot exclude units retaining full-power licenses during  For example: 

• In 1985, the five Tennessee Valley Autho

and 3 and Sequoyah 1 and 2) were shut doutage. Browns Ferry 1 was authorized by while the other units restarted in 1991, 1995All five units were counted as operable duri

• Shippingport was shut down from 1974 thr

lightwater breeder reactor, but is counted as 1982.

• Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 

pressurizer heater sleeves but is counted as 

Exceptions to the rule are Shoreham and Three 

granted a full-power license in April 1989, but waand never restarted. In 1991, the license was cAlthough not operable at the end of the year, Shduring 1989 and shut down in 1990, because coudown in the same year would introduce a statisticamajor accident closed Three Mile Island 2 in retained its full-power license for several years, 

shut down since that year.

Table 9.1 Sources: Operable Units: • 1955-sources, primarily U.S. Department of Energy (DOPrograms, "U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric Milestones." • 1983 forward–U.S. Energy InformatioEIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report," and Data: • 1955-1997–U.S. Atomic Energy Commis

Congress, Volume 2, Regulatory Activities; Nuclea

Profile of U.S. Nuclear Power Development (198Power 1991 (September 1991); DOE, Nuclear RePlanned: 1995; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commissi(1997 and 1998) and "Plant Status Report"; and contractor officials. • 1998 forward–NRC, Informatio

276 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
10. Renewable 
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Source

Renewable Energy as Share of Total Primary Energy Consumption, 2011 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source`

 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source

278 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 2 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and co-products

from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

3 Conventional hydroelectric power.4 Geothermal, solar/PV, and waste.

Notes: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent duSources: Tables 1.3 and 10.1.

– Wood 22%– Hydroelectric

Power3

35%

Natural Gas

26%

Petroleum

37%

9%

Coal

20%

8%

Nuclear Electric

Power

– Wind 13%

– Solar/PV 2%– Geothermal 2% 

– Biofuels2 21%

 Renewable

Energy

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

– Waste1 5%

3.2

2.0 1.9

1.2

Hydroelectric Wood Biofuels2 Wind 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Petroleum

36%

Power3 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Production 1 Consumption

Biomass Total

Renewable

Energy 4

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Geothermal 6 Solar/PV 7 Wind 8

Biomass 

Biofuels 

2 Total 3 Wood 9 Waste 10 Biofuels 11 To

1949 NA 1,549 2,974 1,425 NA NA NA 1,549 NA NA 1,1950 NA 1,562 2,978 1,415 NA NA NA 1,562 NA NA 1,1955 NA 1,424 2,784 1,360 NA NA NA 1,424 NA NA 1,1960 NA 1,320 2,928 1,608 (s) NA NA 1,320 NA NA 1,1965 NA 1,335 3,396 2,059 2 NA NA 1,335 NA NA 1,1970 NA 1,431 4,070 2,634 6 NA NA 1,429 2 NA 1,1975 NA 1,499 4,687 3,155 34 NA NA 1,497 2 NA 1,1976 NA 1,713 4,727 2,976 38 NA NA 1,711 2 NA 1,1977 NA 1,838 4,209 2,333 37 NA NA 1,837 2 NA 1,1978 NA 2,038 5,005 2,937 31 NA NA 2,036 1 NA 2,1979 NA 2,152 5,123 2,931 40 NA NA 2,150 2 NA 2,1980 NA 2,476 5,428 2,900 53 NA NA 2,474 2 NA 2,1981 13 2,596 5,414 2,758 59 NA NA 2,496 88 13 2,1982 34 2,663 5,980 3,266 51 NA NA 2,510 119 34 2,1983 63 2,904 6,496 3,527 64 NA (s) 2,684 157 63 2,1984 77 2,971 6,438 3,386 81 (s) (s) 2,686 208 77 2,1985 93 3,016 6,084 2,970 97 (s) (s) 2,687 236 93 3,1986 107 2,932 6,111 3,071 108 (s) (s) 2,562 263 107 2,1987 123 2,875 5,622 2,635 112 (s) (s) 2,463 289 123 2,1988 124 3,016 5,457 2,334 106 (s) (s) 2,577 315 124 3,1989 125 3,159 6,235 2,837 162 55 22 2,680 354 125 3,1990 111 2,735 6,041 3,046 171 59 29 2,216 408 111 2,1991 128 2,782 6,069 3,016 178 62 31 2,214 440 128 2,1992 145 2,932 5,821 2,617 179 64 30 2,313 473 145 2,1993 169 2,908 6,083 2,892 186 66 31 2,260 479 169 2,1994 188 3,028 5,988 2,683 173 68 36 2,324 515 188 3,1995 198 3,099 6,558 3,205 152 69 33 2,370 531 200 3,1996 141 3,155 7,012 3,590 163 70 33 2,437 577 143 3,1997 186 3,108 7,018 3,640 167 70 34 2,371 551 184 3,1998 202 2,929 6,494 3,297 168 69 31 2,184 542 201 2,1999 211 2,965 6,517 3,268 171 68 46 2,214 540 209 2,2000 233 3,006 6,104 2,811 164 R66 57 2,262 511 236 3,2001 254 2,624 5,164 2,242 164 64 70 2,006 364 253 2,2002 308 2,705 5,734 2,689 171 63 105 1,995 402 303 2,2003 402 2,805 5,982 2,825 175 62 115 2,002 401 404 2,2004 487 2,998 6,070 2,690 178 63 142 2,121 389 499 3,2005 564 3,104 6,229 2,703 181 63 178 R2,137 403 577 R3,2006 720 R3,216 R6,599 2,869 181 68 264 R2,099 397 771 R3,2007 978 R3,461 R6,509 2,446 186 76 341 R2,070 413 991 R3,2008 1,387 R3,864 R7,202 2,511 192 89 546 R2,040 436 1,372 R3,2009 R1,584 R3,928 R7,616 2,669 200 98 721 R1,891 R453 R1,568 R3,2010 R1,884 R4,341 R8,136 R2,539 R208 R126 R923 R1,988 R469 R1,837 R4,2011P 2,047 4,511 9,236 3,171 226 158 1,168 1,987 477 1,947 4,

1 Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels. 2 Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. 3 Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the production of fuel

ethanol and biodiesel.

4 Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass. 5 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6).

6 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6),

and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels

heat rate—see Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy.

8 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). 9 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

10 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

11 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losse

production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion BtuNotes: • Most data for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transpor

See notes and sources for Tables 10.2a and 10.2b. • See Tables 8.2a–8.2d net generation and useful thermal output from renewable energy sources; T8.6a–8.6c, and 8.7a–8.7c for renewable energy consumption for electricity geoutput; and Tables 8.11a–8.11d for renewable energy electric net summe"Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of section. • Srenewable energy consumption for 1635–1945. • Totals may not equal independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewab

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#renewable for 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/renewable/ for related information.

Sources: Biofuels: Tables 10.3 and 10.4. All Other Data: Tables 10.2a–
Figure 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2011

Residential Sector Commercial1 Sector, Major SourcesIndustrial1 Sector, Major Sources Transportation Sector280 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Includes fuel used at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of electricityonly plants. 2 Wood and wood-derived fuels.3 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation. Includes

small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PV energy used in the commercial, industrial,and electric power sectors. 4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

5 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, 

ucts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes nonwaste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 6 From the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

7 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels 

sel. See “Biodiesel” in Glossary.

Note: See related Figures 10.2b and 10.2c.Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 

0

306090

Trillion Btu Wood2

Waste5

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Solar/PV3 and Geothermal4

Wood2

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.81.0

Quadrillion Btu

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Trillion Btu

Losses and Co-products6
Figure 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sec

End-Use Sectors, 1949-2011End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector, 2011 End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Secto

Shares of Total Renewable Energy Consu

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

1 Includes fuel use at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of

electricity-only plants.

Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2c. Sources: Tables 10.2a-10.2c.

0.6

0.1

2.3

1.2

4.9

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric

0

1

2

3456

Quadrillion Btu

Power

Sector End-Use Sectors

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

Electric Power

Sector

54%

End-Use

Sectors

46%
282 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector 1

Geothermal 2 Solar/PV 3

Biomass

Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Geothermal 2 Solar/PV 6 Wind 7

 Biomass

Wood 

4 Wood 4 Waste 8 Fuel Ethanol 9 

1949 NA NA 1,055 1,055 NA NA NA NA 20 NA NA 1950 NA NA 1,006 1,006 NA NA NA NA 19 NA NA 1955 NA NA 775 775 NA NA NA NA 15 NA NA 1960 NA NA 627 627 NA NA NA NA 12 NA NA 1965 NA NA 468 468 NA NA NA NA 9 NA NA 1970 NA NA 401 401 NA NA NA NA 8 NA NA 1975 NA NA 425 425 NA NA NA NA 8 NA NA 1976 NA NA 482 482 NA NA NA NA 9 NA NA 1977 NA NA 542 542 NA NA NA NA 10 NA NA 1978 NA NA 622 622 NA NA NA NA 12 NA NA 1979 NA NA 728 728 NA NA NA NA 14 NA NA 1980 NA NA 850 850 NA NA NA NA 21 NA NA 1981 NA NA 870 870 NA NA NA NA 21 NA (s) 1982 NA NA 970 970 NA NA NA NA 22 NA (s) 1983 NA NA 970 970 NA NA NA NA 22 NA (s) 1984 NA NA 980 980 NA NA NA NA 22 NA (s) 1985 NA NA 1,010 1,010 NA NA NA NA 24 NA (s) 1986 NA NA 920 920 NA NA NA NA 27 NA (s) 1987 NA NA 850 850 NA NA NA NA 29 NA 1 1988 NA NA 910 910 NA NA NA NA 32 NA 1 1989 5 52 920 977 1 3 – – 76 22 1 1990 6 56 580 641 1 3 – – 66 28 (s) 1991 6 57 610 673 1 3 – – 68 26 (s) 1992 6 R60 640 706 1 3 – – 72 32 (s) 1993 7 61 550 618 1 3 – – 76 33 (s) 1994 6 63 520 589 1 4 – – 72 35 (s) 1995 7 64 520 591 1 5 – – 72 40 (s) 1996 7 65 540 612 1 5 – – 76 53 (s) 1997 8 64 430 502 1 6 – – 73 58 (s) 1998 8 64 380 452 1 7 – – 64 54 (s) 1999 9 63 390 461 1 7 – – 67 54 (s) 2000 9 R61 420 489 1 8 – – 71 47 (s) 2001 9 59 370 438 1 8 – – 67 25 (s) 2002 10 57 380 448 (s) 9 – – 69 26 (s) 2003 13 57 400 470 1 11 – – 71 29 1 2004 14 57 410 481 1 12 – – 70 34 1 2005 16 58 430 504 1 14 – – 70 34 1 2006 18 63 R380 R462 1 14 – – 65 36 1 2007 22 70 R410 R502 1 14 – – R70 31 2 2008 26 80 450 R557 1 15 (s) – 73 34 2 2009 33 89 430 552 1 17 (s) (s) 72 36 3 2010 37 R114 420 R571 1 19 (s) (s) R72 R36 3 2011P 40 140 430 610 1 20 (s) (s) 71 36 3 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end ofSection 8.

2 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 3 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu

using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). Includes distributed solar thermal and PV energy used inthe commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors. 4 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 5 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—seeTable A6).

6 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6) at commercial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.

7 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from

non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 9 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10, co

sector.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=LesNotes: • Data are estimates, except for commercial sector solar/PV, hydr

waste. • See Tables 8.2a–8.2d and 8.3a–8.3c for electricity net generation and renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a–8.4c, 8.5a–8.5d, 8.6a–8.6c, and 8.7a–consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tables energy electric net summer capacity. • Totals may not equal sum of comporounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewabl

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#renewable for 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/renewable/ for related information.

Sources: See end of section.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 19

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Industrial Sector 1 Transpo

Hydroelectric

Power 2

Geothermal 3 Solar/PV 4 Wind 5

Biomass

Total

B

Wood 6 Waste 7

Fuel

Ethanol 8

Losses and

Co-products 9 Total

Fuel

Ethanol 10 B

1949 76 NA NA NA 468 NA NA NA 468 544 NA 1950 69 NA NA NA 532 NA NA NA 532 602 NA 1955 38 NA NA NA 631 NA NA NA 631 669 NA 1960 39 NA NA NA 680 NA NA NA 680 719 NA 1965 33 NA NA NA 855 NA NA NA 855 888 NA 1970 34 NA NA NA 1,019 NA NA NA 1,019 1,053 NA 1975 32 NA NA NA 1,063 NA NA NA 1,063 1,096 NA 1976 33 NA NA NA 1,220 NA NA NA 1,220 1,253 NA 1977 33 NA NA NA 1,281 NA NA NA 1,281 1,314 NA 1978 32 NA NA NA 1,400 NA NA NA 1,400 1,432 NA 1979 34 NA NA NA 1,405 NA NA NA 1,405 1,439 NA 1980 33 NA NA NA 1,600 NA NA NA 1,600 1,633 NA 1981 33 NA NA NA 1,602 87 (s) 6 1,695 1,728 7 1982 33 NA NA NA 1,516 118 (s) 16 1,650 1,683 18 1983 33 NA NA NA 1,690 155 (s) 29 1,874 1,908 34 1984 33 NA NA NA 1,679 204 1 35 1,918 1,951 41 1985 33 NA NA NA 1,645 230 1 42 1,918 1,951 50 1986 33 NA NA NA 1,610 256 1 48 1,915 1,948 57 1987 33 NA NA NA 1,576 282 1 55 1,914 1,947 66 1988 33 NA NA NA 1,625 308 1 55 1,989 2,022 67 1989 28 2 – – 1,584 200 1 56 1,841 1,871 68 1990 31 2 – – 1,442 192 1 49 1,684 1,717 60 1991 30 2 – – 1,410 185 1 56 1,652 1,684 70 1992 31 2 – – 1,461 179 1 64 1,705 1,737 80 1993 30 2 – – 1,484 181 1 74 1,741 1,773 94 1994 62 3 – – 1,580 199 1 82 1,862 1,927 105 1995 55 3 – – 1,652 195 2 86 1,934 1,992 112 1996 61 3 – – 1,683 224 1 61 1,969 2,033 81 1997 58 3 – – 1,731 184 1 80 1,996 2,057 102 1998 55 3 – – 1,603 180 1 86 1,872 1,929 113 1999 49 4 – – 1,620 171 1 90 1,882 1,934 118 2000 42 4 – – 1,636 145 1 99 1,881 1,928 135 2001 33 5 – – 1,443 129 3 108 1,681 1,719 141 2002 39 5 – – 1,396 146 3 130 1,676 1,720 168 2003 43 3 – – 1,363 142 4 169 1,679 1,726 228 2004 33 4 – – 1,476 132 6 203 1,817 1,853 286 2005 32 4 – – 1,452 148 7 230 1,837 1,873 327 2006 29 4 – – 1,472 130 10 285 1,897 1,930 442 2007 16 5 – – R1,405 144 10 377 R1,936 R1,956 557 2008 17 5 – – R1,340 144 12 532 R2,028 R2,049 786 2009 18 4 – – R1,208 R155 13 617 R1,994 R2,016 894 2010 16 4 (s) – R1,301 R169 R17 R742 R2,230 R2,250 R1,040 2011P 18 4 (s) (s) 1,311 172 17 772 2,273 2,295 1,042 

1 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6).

3 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 4 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6) at industrial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.

5 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10, consumed by the industrial

sector. 9 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Does not include natural

gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel e

are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the appropriate en

10 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10 

transportation sector.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=LeNotes: • Data are estimates, except for industrial sector hydroelectric pow

forward, solar/PV, and wind. • See Tables 8.2a–8.2d and 8.3a–8.3c for euseful thermal output from renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a–8.4c, 8.7a–8.7c for renewable energy consumption for electricity generation and Tables 8.11a–8.11d for renewable energy electric net summer capacity. • Tcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewab

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#renewable for 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/renewable/ for related information.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

Electric Power Sector Total and Hydroelectric Power, 1949-2011Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 1989-2011 Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 2011284 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation.2 Wind electricity net generation.3 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid

waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

4 Geothermal electricity net generation.5 Wood and wood-derived fuels.6 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net genera

Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2b on the end-usSource: Table 10.2c.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

Geothermal4

1,168

269

175 

Wind2 Waste3

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Trillion Btu

Wood5

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Trillion Btu

Waste3

Hydroelectric Power1

Electric Power Sector Total

Wood5 

Wind2

Solar/PV6
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Hydroelectric

Power 1 Geothermal 2 Solar/PV 3 Wind 4

Biomass

Wood 

5 Waste 6 Total

1949 1,349 NA NA NA 6 NA 6 1950 1,346 NA NA NA 5 NA 5 1955 1,322 NA NA NA 3 NA 3 1960 1,569 (s) NA NA 2 NA 2 1965 2,026 2 NA NA 3 NA 3 1970 2,600 6 NA NA 1 2 4 1975 3,122 34 NA NA (s) 2 2 1976 2,943 38 NA NA 1 2 3 1977 2,301 37 NA NA 3 2 5 1978 2,905 31 NA NA 2 1 3 1979 2,897 40 NA NA 3 2 5 1980 2,867 53 NA NA 3 2 5 1981 2,725 59 NA NA 3 1 4 1982 3,233 51 NA NA 2 1 3 1983 3,494 64 NA (s) 2 2 4 1984 3,353 81 (s) (s) 5 4 9 1985 2,937 97 (s) (s) 8 7 14 1986 3,038 108 (s) (s) 5 7 12 1987 2,602 112 (s) (s) 8 7 15 1988 2,302 106 (s) (s) 10 8 17 19897 2,808 152 3 22 100 132 232 1990 3,014 161 4 29 129 188 317 1991 2,985 167 5 31 126 229 354 1992 2,586 167 4 30 140 262 402 1993 2,861 173 5 31 150 265 415 1994 2,620 160 5 36 152 282 434 1995 3,149 138 5 33 125 296 422 1996 3,528 148 5 33 138 300 438 1997 3,581 150 5 34 137 309 446 1998 3,241 151 5 31 137 308 444 1999 3,218 152 5 46 138 315 453 2000 2,768 144 5 57 134 318 453 2001 2,209 142 6 70 126 211 337 2002 2,650 147 6 105 150 230 380 2003 2,781 148 5 115 167 230 397 2004 2,656 148 6 142 165 223 388 2005 2,670 147 6 178 185 221 406 2006 2,839 145 5 264 182 231 412 2007 2,430 145 6 341 186 237 423 2008 2,494 146 9 546 177 258 435 2009 2,650 146 9 721 180 261 441 2010 R2,521 R148 R12 R923 R196 R264 R459 2011P 3,153 163 18 1,168 175 269 444 

1 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see

Table A6).

2 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). 3 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels

heat rate—see Table A6).

4 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6). 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and c

plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell elethe public. • See Tables 8.2a–8.2d and 8.3a–8.3c for electricity net genefrom renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a–8.4c, 8.5a–8.5d, 8.6a–8.6energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal outpurenewable energy electric net summer capacity. • See Note 3, "Electricity Section 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#rene

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#renewabl1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/renewable/ for related information.

Sources: Tables 8.2b, 8.5b, 8.7b, and A6.
Figure 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview

Overview, 2011 Stocks,3 End of Year 19

Consumption,3 1981-2011 Fuel Ethanol and Biodi

286 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1,922

770

1,182

-90

1

1,091

Feedstock1 Losses and Production3 Net Stock Consumption3

(500)

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

0

(500)

Trillion Btu

Co-products2

-500

Imports3 Change3 1992 1995 1998 

05

101520

Million Barrels

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0369

12

15

Billion Gallons

13.9

Fuel Ethanol

0369

12

15

Billion Gallons

1 Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol used for fuel

ethanol.

2 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol.

3 Includes denaturant.

Sources: Tables 10.3, 10.4, and A3.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2011

Year

Feedstock 1

Losses

and Coproducts 2 Dena- turant 3 Production 4

Trade 4

Stocks, 4

End of Year

Stock

Change 4,6 Consumption 

Imports Exports

Net

Imports 5

Trillion

Btu

Trillion

Btu 

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Gallons

Trillion

Btu

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Million

Gallons

1981 13 6 40 1,978 83 7 NA NA NA NA NA 1,978 83 1982 34 16 107 5,369 225 19 NA NA NA NA NA 5,369 225 1983 63 29 198 9,890 415 35 NA NA NA NA NA 9,890 415 1984 77 35 243 12,150 510 43 NA NA NA NA NA 12,150 510 1985 93 42 294 14,693 617 52 NA NA NA NA NA 14,693 617 1986 107 48 339 16,954 712 60 NA NA NA NA NA 16,954 712 1987 123 55 390 19,497 819 69 NA NA NA NA NA 19,497 819 1988 124 55 396 19,780 831 70 NA NA NA NA NA 19,780 831 1989 125 56 401 20,062 843 71 NA NA NA NA NA 20,062 843 1990 111 49 356 17,802 748 63 NA NA NA NA NA 17,802 748 1991 128 56 413 20,627 866 73 NA NA NA NA NA 20,627 866 1992 145 64 469 23,453 985 84 NA NA NA 1,791 NA 23,453 985 1993 169 74 550 27,484 1,154 98 244 NA 244 2,114 323 27,405 1,151 1994 188 82 614 30,689 1,289 109 279 NA 279 2,393 279 30,689 1,289 1995 198 86 647 32,325 1,358 115 387 NA 387 2,186 -207 32,919 1,383 1996 141 61 464 23,178 973 83 313 NA 313 2,065 -121 23,612 992 1997 186 80 613 30,674 1,288 109 85 NA 85 2,925 860 29,899 1,256 1998 202 86 669 33,453 1,405 119 66 NA 66 3,406 481 33,038 1,388 1999 211 90 698 34,881 1,465 124 87 NA 87 4,024 618 34,350 1,443 2000 233 99 773 38,627 1,622 138 116 NA 116 3,400 -624 39,367 1,653 2001 253 108 841 42,028 1,765 150 315 NA 315 4,298 898 41,445 1,741 2002 307 130 1,019 50,956 2,140 182 306 NA 306 6,200 1,902 49,360 2,073 2003 400 169 1,335 66,772 2,804 238 292 NA 292 5,978 -222 67,286 2,826 2004 484 203 1,621 81,058 3,404 289 3,542 NA 3,542 6,002 24 84,576 3,552 2005 552 230 1,859 92,961 3,904 331 3,234 NA 3,234 5,563 -439 96,634 4,059 2006 688 285 2,326 116,294 4,884 414 17,408 NA 17,408 8,760 3,197 130,505 5,481 2007 914 376 3,105 155,263 6,521 553 10,457 NA 10,457 10,535 1,775 163,945 6,886 2008 1,300 531 4,433 221,637 9,309 790 12,610 NA 12,610 14,226 3,691 230,556 9,683 2009 1,517 616 5,688 260,424 10,938 928 4,720 NA 4,720 16,594 2,368 262,776 11,037 2010 R1,839 R742 R6,506 R316,617 R13,298 R1,127 R373 R9,488 R-9,115 R17,941 R1,347 R306,155 R12,858 2011P 1,922 770 6,636 332,107 13,948 1,182 3,135 28,457 -25,322 18,261 8321 306,464 12,871 

1 Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol used for fuel ethanol. 2 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include natural gas, electricity,

and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol—these are included in the industrialsector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source. 3 The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced. 4 Includes denaturant. 5 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 6 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. 7 Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol minus denaturant are used todevelop data for "Renewable Energy/Biomass" in Tables 10.1–10.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2.

8 Derived from the preliminary 2010 stocks value (17,940 thousand barrels), not the final 2010 value

(17,941 thousand barrels) that is shown under "Stocks." 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042,

and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the approximate heat content of fuel ethanol—see Table A3.

• Through 1980, data are not available. For 1981–1992, data are estimates. For 1993–2008, only data for

feedstock, losses and co-products, and denaturant are estimates. Beginning in 2009, only data forfeedstock, and losses and co-products, are estimates. • See "Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and"Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due toindependent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable for updated monthly and

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/supply/monthly/ for related information.

Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in thousand barrels) minus denaturant, and

then multiplied by the fuel ethanol feedstock factor—see Table A3. Losses and Co-products: Calculatedas fuel ethanol feedstock plus denaturant minus fuel ethanol production. Denaturant: • 1981-2008—Datain thousand barrels for petroleum denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2 percent of fuelethanol production; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.645 million Btu per barrel (theestimated quantity-weighted factor of pentanes plus and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant). 

• 2009 forward—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual

report, Table 1, and Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly reports, Tabl

for net production of pentanes plus at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants aare converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.620 million Btu per barrel (the pentanes plus). Data in thousand barrels for net production of conventiongasoline blending components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are mconverted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million Btu per barrel (the aconventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is the sum of the values fomotor gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components. Production: production is assumed to equal fuel ethanol consumption—see s• 1993-2004—Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption plus fuel ethanol stonet imports. These data differ slightly from the original production data from Oxygenate Report," and predecessor form, which were not reconciled and the final balance. • 2005-2008—EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxyge2010—EIA, PSA, Table 1, data for net production of fuel ethanol at renewabl• 2011—EIA, PSM (February 2012), Table 1, data for net production of fuel eoxygenate plants. Trade, Stocks, and Stock Change: • 1992-2010—EIA, • 2011—EIA, PSM (February 2012), Table 1. Consumption: • 1981-1Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10; and interpolated values for 1982, • 1990-1992—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992value for 1991. • 1993-2004—EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16oxygenated finished motor gasoline field production (Table 2), plus fuel eth• 2005-2008—EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 1 and 15. Calculated components adjustments (Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline adjustmenrefinery and blender net inputs (Table 15). • 2009 and 2010—EIA, PSA, ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol adjustments. • 2012), Table 1. Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs mConsumption Minus Denaturant: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumdenaturant in fuel ethanol consumed. Denaturant in fuel ethanol consumedenaturant in fuel ethanol produced by the fuel ethanol consumption-to-produ
Figure 10.4 Biodiesel Overview 

Overview, 2011Consumption, 2001-2011288 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

125

2

123

5 9 7

Feedstock1 Losses and Production Imports Exports Stock 

0

255075

100125150

Trillion Btu

Co-Products Chang

2

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 

0

300600900

1,200

Million Gallons

1 Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.2 Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel.

Sources: Tables 10.4 and A3.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 10.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2011

Year

Feedstock 1

Losses and

Co-products 2 Production

Trade

Stocks,

End of Year

Stock

Change 4

Balancing

Item Imports Exports 5 

Net

Imports 3

Trillion

Btu

Trillion

Btu 

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Gallons

Trillion

Btu

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

T

2001 1 (s) 204 9 1 78 39 39 NA NA NA 2002 1 (s) 250 10 1 191 56 135 NA NA NA 2003 2 (s) 338 14 2 94 110 -16 NA NA NA 2004 4 (s) 666 28 4 97 124 -26 NA NA NA 2005 12 (s) 2,162 91 12 207 206 1 NA NA NA 2006 32 (s) 5,963 250 32 1,069 828 242 NA NA NA 2007 63 1 11,662 490 62 3,342 6,477 -3,135 NA NA NA 2008 88 1 16,145 678 87 7,502 16,128 -8,626 NA NA NA 2009 R67 1 R12,281 R516 R66 1,844 6,332 -4,489 711 711 R669 2010 R44 1 R8,177 R343 R44 546 2,503 -1,958 R672 R-39 0 2011P 125 2 23,034 967 123 861 1,740 -879 1,902 61,240 0 

1 Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel. 2 Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include natural gas, electricity, and

other non-biomass energy used in the production of biodiesel—these are included in the industrial sectorconsumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.

3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 4 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. 5 Beginning in 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and different data sources, "Balancing Item"

is used to balance biodiesel supply and disposition. 6 Derived from the preliminary 2010 stocks value (662 thousand barrels), not the final 2010 value (672thousand barrels) that is shown under "Stocks."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes: • Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042, and

are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content ofbiodiesel—see Table A3). • Through 2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data not from U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) surveys are estimates. • Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable for updated monthly and

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/biofuels/biodiesel/production/ for related information.

Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as biodiesel production in thousand barrels multiplied by 5.433 million

Btu per barrel (the biodiesel feedstock factor—see Table A3). Losses and Co-products: Calculated asbiodiesel feedstock minus biodiesel production. Production: • 2001-2005—U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Commodity Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual data are derived fromquarterly data. • 2006—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils:

Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for soybean oil co

addition, EIA estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow gr(biodiesel). • 2007—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for all fats and oils • 2008—EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, December 211. • 2009 forward—EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production RepDepartment of Agriculture, imports data for Harmonized Tariff SchAnimal/Vegetable/Mixture" (for data through June 2010), and 3beginning in July 2010); and exports data for Schedule B Animal/Vegetable/Mixture" (for data through 2010), and 3824.92011). Although these categories include products other than biocosmetics, and other items), biodiesel is the largest component. biodiesel trade, EIA sees these data as good estimates. Sto2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, Table ethanol. • 2011—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monfuels except fuel ethanol. Balancing Item: • 2009 forward—Cbiodiesel stock change minus biodiesel production and b• 2001-2008—Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel sum of the monthly consumption data. Data for January and Fereports, Table 1, refinery and blender net inputs of renewabMarch-December 2009 are calculated as biodiesel production pstock change. • 2010 and 2011—Calculated as biodiesel probiodiesel stock change.
Figure 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Co

Vehicles in Use, 1995-2010 Vehicles in Use by Fuel Type, 2010Fuel Consumption,5 1995-2010 Fuel Consumption by Type, 2010290 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Ethanol, 85 percent (E85). Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as

alternative-fueled vehicles, primarily fleet-operated vehicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability. 2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

3 Compressed natural gas.

4 Liquefied natural gas.5 Excludes oxygenates and biodiesel.

(s)=Fewer than 0.5 thousand vehicles.(ss)=Less than 0.5 million gasoline-equivalent gallons.Source: Table 10.5.

247 265 280 295 322

395 425

471

534 565 592

635

696

776

826

939

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

0

200400600800

1,000

Thousand Vehicles

619

143

116

57

Ethanol1 LPG2 CNG3 Electric

0

100200300400500600700

Thousand Vehicles

LNG 

278

297

315 326 305 325

352

382

403

429 421 418 415 430 431

458

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

0

100200300400500

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons210 126 90 26

CNG3 LPG2 Ethanol1 

0

50

100150200250

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2010

Year

Alternative and Replacement Fuels 1

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Compressed

Natural

Gas

Liquefied

Natural

Gas

Methanol,

85 Percent

(M85) 3

Methanol,

Neat

(M100) 4

Ethanol,

85 Percent

(E85) 3,5

Ethanol,

95 Percent

(E95) 3

Electricity 6 Hydro- gen Other Fuels 7 Subtotal

Oxygenates 2

Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether 8 Ethanol in Gasohol 9 Total

Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use 11 (number)

1992 NA 23,191 90 4,850 404 172 38 1,607 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1993 NA 32,714 299 10,263 414 441 27 1,690 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1994 NA 41,227 484 15,484 415 605 33 2,224 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1995 172,806 50,218 603 18,319 386 1,527 136 2,860 0 0 246,855 NA NA NA 1996 175,585 60,144 663 20,265 172 4,536 361 3,280 0 0 265,006 NA NA NA 1997 175,679 68,571 813 21,040 172 9,130 347 4,453 0 0 280,205 NA NA NA 1998 177,183 78,782 1,172 19,648 200 12,788 14 5,243 0 0 295,030 NA NA NA 1999 178,610 91,267 1,681 18,964 198 24,604 14 6,964 0 0 322,302 NA NA NA 2000 181,994 100,750 2,090 10,426 0 87,570 4 11,830 0 0 394,664 NA NA NA 2001 185,053 111,851 2,576 7,827 0 100,303 0 17,847 0 0 425,457 NA NA NA 2002 187,680 120,839 2,708 5,873 0 120,951 0 33,047 0 0 471,098 NA NA NA 2003 190,369 114,406 2,640 0 0 179,090 0 47,485 9 0 533,999 NA NA NA 2004 182,864 118,532 2,717 0 0 211,800 0 49,536 43 0 565,492 NA NA NA 2005 173,795 117,699 2,748 0 0 246,363 0 51,398 119 3 592,125 NA NA NA 2006 164,846 116,131 2,798 0 0 297,099 0 53,526 159 3 634,562 NA NA NA 2007 158,254 114,391 2,781 0 0 364,384 0 55,730 223 3 695,766 NA NA NA 2008 151,049 113,973 3,101 0 0 450,327 0 56,901 313 3 775,667 NA NA NA 2009 147,030 114,270 3,176 0 0 504,297 0 57,185 357 3 826,318 NA NA NA 2010 143,037 115,863 3,354 0 0 618,505 0 57,462 421 0 938,643 NA NA NA 

Fuel Consumption 12 (thousand gasoline-equivalent gallons)

1992 NA 17,159 598 1,121 2,672 22 87 359 NA NA NA 1,175,964 719,408 1,895,372 1993 NA 22,035 1,944 1,671 3,321 49 82 288 NA NA NA 2,070,897 779,958 2,850,854 1994 NA 24,643 2,398 2,455 3,347 82 144 430 NA NA NA 2,020,455 868,113 2,888,569 1995 233,178 35,865 2,821 2,122 2,255 195 1,021 663 0 0 278,121 2,693,407 934,615 3,628,022 1996 239,648 47,861 3,320 1,862 364 712 2,770 773 0 0 297,310 2,751,955 677,537 3,429,492 1997 238,845 66,495 3,798 1,630 364 1,314 1,166 1,010 0 0 314,621 3,106,745 852,514 3,959,260 1998 241,881 73,859 5,463 1,271 471 1,772 61 1,202 0 0 325,980 2,905,781 912,858 3,818,639 1999 210,247 81,211 5,959 1,126 469 4,019 64 1,524 0 0 304,618 3,405,390 975,255 4,380,645 2000 213,012 88,478 7,423 614 0 12,388 13 3,058 0 0 324,986 3,298,803 1,114,313 4,413,116 2001 216,319 106,584 9,122 461 0 15,007 0 4,066 0 0 351,558 3,354,949 1,173,323 4,528,272 2002 223,600 123,081 9,593 354 0 18,250 0 7,274 0 0 382,152 3,122,859 1,450,721 4,573,580 2003 224,697 133,222 13,503 0 0 26,376 0 5,141 2 0 402,941 2,368,400 1,919,572 4,287,972 2004 211,883 158,903 20,888 0 0 31,581 0 5,269 8 0 428,532 1,877,300 2,414,167 4,291,467 2005 188,171 166,878 22,409 0 0 38,074 0 5,219 25 2 420,778 1,654,500 2,756,663 4,411,163 2006 173,130 172,011 23,474 0 0 44,041 0 5,104 41 2 417,803 435,000 3,729,168 4,164,168 2007 152,360 178,565 24,594 0 0 54,091 0 5,037 66 2 414,715 0 4,694,304 4,694,304 2008 147,784 189,358 25,554 0 0 62,464 0 5,050 117 2 430,329 0 6,442,781 6,442,781 2009 129,631 199,513 25,652 0 0 71,213 0 4,956 140 2 431,107 0 7,343,133 7,343,133 2010 126,354 210,007 26,072 0 0 90,323 0 4,847 152 0 457,755 0 8,527,431 8,527,431 

1 See "Alternative Fuel" and "Replacement Fuel" in Glossary. 2 See "Oxygenates" in Glossary. 3 Remaining portion is motor gasoline. Consumption data include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel. 4 One hundred percent methanol. 5 Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as alternative-fuels vehicles (AFVs), primarily

fleet-operated vehicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability. In 1997, some vehiclemanufacturers began including E85-fueling capability in certain model lines of vehicles. For 2010, the U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that the number of E85 vehicles that are capable ofoperating on E85, motor gasoline, or both, is about 10 million. Many of these AFVs are sold and used astraditional gasoline-powered vehicles. 6 Excludes gasoline-electric hybrids. 7 May include P-Series fuel or any other fuel designated by the Secretary of Energy as an alternativefuel in acordance with the Energy Policy Act of 1995. 8 In addition to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), includes a very small amount of other ethers,primarily tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE).

9 Data do not include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel.

10 "Biodiesel" may be used as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. See "Biodiesel"

in Glossary.

11 "Vehicles in Use" data represent accumulated acquisitions, less retirements, as of the end of each

calendar year; data do not include concept and demonstration vehicles that are not ready for delivery to

end users. See "Alternative-Fuel Vehicle" in Glossary.

12 Fuel consumption quantities are expressed in a common base unit of ga

allow comparisons of different fuel types. Gasoline-equivalent gallons displacement. Gasoline equivalent is computed by dividing the gross heat conby the gross heat content of gasoline (using an approximate heat content of multiplying the result by the replacement fuel consumption value. See "Heat Co

NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roundingWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources: • 1992-1994—Science Applications International Corporation, 

Fuels and Vehicles Data Development," unpublished final report prepared July 1996), and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy EfficiencData were revised by using gross instead of net heat contents. For heat contents, see EIA, Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fu1994), Table 22. • 1995-2002—EIA, "Alternatives to Traditio2003 Estimated Data" (February 2004), Tables 1 and 10. using gross instead of net heat contents. • 2003 forward—EIAInteractive Data Viewer (see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/afv/usehttp://www.eia.gov/renewable/afv/xls/New%20C1%20GEGs.xls); and "AltTransportation Fuels," annual reports, Table C1.
Figure 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade

Total Shipments, 1974-2009 Trade, 1978-2009 Price of Total ShipmenNumber of U.S. Manufacturers by Type of Collector, 1974-2009 Average Annual Shipments per Manufacturer, 292 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. 2 Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to

180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degreesFahrenheit. Special collectors–evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors–are included in the medium-temperature category.

3 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 1

Notes: • Shipments are for domestic and export shipm

that subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign custfor 1985. 

Source: Table 10.6.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

06

12

1824

Million Square Feet

1990 19

0369

12

Dollars1 per Square Foot

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

3456

Million Square Feet Imports

Medium-Temperature

Collectors2

Exports

Low-Temperature

Collectors3

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300

Number

1975 1980 1985 1990 19

0

300600900

1,2001,5001,800

Thousand Square Feet Low-T

Co
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2009

 (Thousand Square Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Low-Temperature Collectors 1 Medium-Temperature Collectors 2 High-Temperature Collectors 3 Total Shipme

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 4

(dollars 5 per

square foot)

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 4

(dollars 5 per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

Price 4

(dollars 5 per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

P

(do

squ

1974 6 1,137 190 NA 39 137 4 NA NA NA 1,274 1975 13 3,026 233 NA 118 717 6 NA NA NA 3,743 1976 19 3,876 204 NA 203 1,925 10 NA NA NA 5,801 1977 52 4,743 91 NA 297 5,569 19 NA NA NA 10,312 1978 69 5,872 85 NA 204 4,988 25 NA NA NA 10,860 1979 84 8,394 100 NA 257 5,856 23 NA NA NA 14,251 1980 79 12,233 155 NA 250 7,165 29 NA NA NA 19,398 1981 75 8,677 116 NA 263 11,456 44 NA NA NA 21,133 1982 61 7,476 123 NA 248 11,145 45 NA NA NA 18,621 1983 55 4,853 88 NA 179 11,975 67 NA NA NA 16,828 1984 48 4,479 93 NA 206 11,939 58 NA 773 NA 17,191 19856 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1986 22 3,751 171 2.30 87 1,111 13 18.30 4,498 NA 9,360 1987 12 3,157 263 2.18 50 957 19 13.50 3,155 NA 7,269 1988 8 3,326 416 2.24 45 732 16 14.88 4,116 NA 8,174 1989 10 4,283 428 2.60 36 1,989 55 11.74 5,209 17.76 11,482 1990 12 3,645 304 2.90 41 2,527 62 7.68 5,237 15.74 11,409 1991 16 5,585 349 2.90 41 989 24 11.94 1 31.94 6,574 1992 16 6,187 387 2.50 34 897 26 10.96 2 75.66 7,086 1993 13 6,025 464 2.80 33 931 28 11.74 12 22.12 6,968 1994 16 6,823 426 2.54 31 803 26 13.54 2 177.00 7,627 1995 14 6,813 487 2.32 26 840 32 10.48 13 53.26 7,666 1996 14 6,821 487 2.67 19 785 41 14.48 10 18.75 7,616 1997 13 7,524 579 2.60 21 606 29 15.17 7 25.00 8,138 1998 12 7,292 607 2.83 19 443 23 15.17 21 53.21 7,756 1999 13 8,152 627 2.08 20 427 21 19.12 4 286.49 8,583 2000 11 7,948 723 2.09 16 400 25 W 5 W 8,354 2001 10 10,919 1,092 2.15 17 268 16 W 2 W 11,189 2002 13 11,126 856 1.97 17 535 31 W 2 W 11,663 2003 12 10,877 906 2.08 17 560 33 W 7 W 11,444 2004 9 13,608 1,512 1.80 17 506 30 19.30 – – – 14,114 2005 10 15,224 1,522 2.00 17 702 41 W 115 W 16,041 2006 11 15,546 1,413 1.95 35 1,346 38 W 3,852 W 20,744 2007 13 13,323 1,025 1.97 51 1,797 35 W 33 W 15,153 2008 11 14,015 1,274 1.89 62 2,560 41 19.57 388 11.96 16,963 2009 13 10,511 809 1.94 73 2,307 32 27.32 980 25.32 13,798 

1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below

110° F. 2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140° F to 180° F but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110° F. Special collectors areincluded in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentrationfor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning andspecialized industrial processes).

3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above

180° F. High-temperature collector shipments are dominated by one manufacturer, and the collectors areused by the electric power sector to build new central station solar thermal power plants and generateelectricity. Year-to-year fluctations depend on how much new capacity is brought online.

4 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and

warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.

5 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Gl6 No data are available for 1985.

NA=Not available. – =No data reported. – – =Not applicable. W

proprietary company data. 

Notes: • Data for this table are not available for 2010. • Shipm

shipments, and may include imports that subsequently were shipp• Manufacturers producing more than one type of collector are accou

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewaSources: • 1974-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administration 

Activity, annual reports, and Form CE-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal predecessor forms. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewable Energy Annua"Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," and predeSolar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities (and predecessoEIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey."
Figure 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by Market Sector, End-Use, and Ty

End Use Market Sector Type of CollectorEnd Use by Type of Collector294 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Combined space and water heating.2 Space heating, combined heating, and space cooling.3 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.4 Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to

180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degreesFahrenheit.

5 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures above 16 Water heating and combined heating.7 Space cooling, process heating, and electricity generation

(s)=Less than 0.05 million square feet.Source: Table 10.7.

8.9

2.0

0.6 0.4 1.0

Pool Water Process Electri- Other2

048

12

16

Million Square Feet 9.0

Low- 

048

12

16

Million Square Feet

 Power

10.2

1.0 0.6 0.4

Residen- Commer- Indust- Electric

048

12

16

Million Square Feet

Heating Temperature3 

city

Generation

Heating tial Heating cial trial

Heating Heating1

8.9

0.1 (s)

2.0

0.1 0.1 0.1 (s) 0.6 

Pool Space Other Water Combined Space Pool Other Process 

048

12

16

Million Square Feet

6

Heating Heating Heating Heating 

Low-Temperature Collectors3 Medium-Temperature Collectors4 High

7

Heating 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2001-2009

 (Thousand Square Feet)

Year

and Type

By Market Sector By End Use

Residential Commercial 

1 Industrial 2

Electric

Power 3 Other 4

Pool

Heating

Water

Heating

Space

Heating

Space

Cooling

Combined

Heating 5

Process

Heating

Total Shipments 6

2001 Total .... 10,125 1,012 17 1 35 10,797 274 70 0 12 34 

 Low 7 .......... 9,885 987 12 0 34 10,782 42 61 0 0 34  Medium 8 .... 240 24 5 0 1 16 232 9 0 12 0  High 9 .......... 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2002 Total .... 11,000 595 62 4 1 11,073 423 146 (s) 17 4 

 Low 7 .......... 10,519 524 2 0 0 11,045 1 0 0 0 0  Medium 8 .... 481 69 60 4 1 28 422 146 (s) 15 4  High 9 .......... 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 

2003 Total .... 10,506 864 71 0 2 10,800 511 76 (s) 23 34 

 Low 7 .......... 9,993 813 71 0 0 10,778 0 65 0 0 34  Medium 8 .... 513 44 0 0 2 22 511 11 (s) 16 0  High 9 .......... 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 

2004 Total .... 12,864 1,178 70 0 3 13,634 452 13 0 16 0 

 Low 7 .......... 12,386 1,178 44 0 0 13,600 0 8 0 0 0  Medium 8 .... 478 0 26 0 3 33 452 5 0 16 0  High 9 .......... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2005 Total .... 14,681 1,160 31 114 56 15,041 640 228 2 16 0 

 Low 7 .......... 14,045 1,099 30 0 50 15,022 12 190 0 0 0  Medium 8 .... 636 58 1 0 6 20 628 38 0 16 0  High 9 .......... 0 2 0 114 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 

2006 Total .... 15,123 1,626 42 3,845 107 15,362 1,136 330 3 66 0 

 Low 7 .......... 13,906 1,500 40 0 100 15,225 10 290 0 21 0  Medium 8 .... 1,217 120 2 0 7 137 1,126 40 3 38 0  High 9 .......... 0 7 0 3,845 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 

Domestic Shipments 6

2007 Total .... 12,799 931 46 1 – 12,076 1,393 189 13 73 27 

 Low 7 .......... 11,352 633 – 1 – 11,917 4 63 – – –  Medium 8 .... 1,447 298 18 – – 158 1,389 126 13 73 –  High 9 .......... – (s) 27 – – – (s) – – – 27 

2008 Total .... 13,000 1,294 128 294 – 11,973 1,978 186 18 148 50 

 Low 7 .......... 10,983 918 – – – 11,880 8 10 – 2 –  Medium 8 .... 2,017 376 33 6 – 93 1,971 176 18 141 21  High 9 .......... – – 95 289 – – – – – 5 29 

2009 Total .... 10,239 974 634 374 – 8,934 1,992 150 10 137 608 

 Low 7 .......... 8,423 526 11 – – 8,882 7 61 – 9 –  Medium 8 .... 1,816 439 29 – – 52 1,985 89 (s) 128 14  High 9 .......... – 10 594 374 – – – – 10 – 594 

1 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in "Other."

Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government. 2 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in

2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power." 3 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. 4 Through 2006, data are for other sectors such as government, including the military, but excludingspace applications. Beginning in 2007, data are for the transportation sector. 5 Combined space and water heating. 6 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports thatsubsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Beginning in 2007, data are for domesticshipments only. 7 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below110° F. 8 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140° F to 180° F, but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110° F. Special collectors are

included in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collecto

collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient tfor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentrspecialized industrial processes). 9 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally o180° F. These are parabolic dish/trough collectors used primarily by the eleelectricity for the electric grid.

– =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand square feet. Notes: • Data for this table are not available for 2010. • Totals may not 

to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.Sources: • 2001-2002—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA

annual reports, and Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manforward—EIA, Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities (and predecand Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey."
Figure 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices

Number of U.S. Companies Reporting Shipments, 1982-2010 Total Shipments, 1982-2010Trade, Modules Only, 1996-2010 Prices, 1989-2010296 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: Shipments are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that

subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. 

Source: Table 10.8.

19 18

23

15 17 17 14 17 19

23 21 19 22 24 25 21 21 19 21 19 19 20 19

29

41

46

66

101

112

1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007

0

20406080

100120

Number

Cells 

Imports

1985 1990 1995 

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Thousand Peak Kilowatts 

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20

0

1

2

34567

Dollars1 per Peak Watt

Exports
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2010

Year

U.S.

Companies

Reporting

Shipments

Shipments Trade 

Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Total 2 Imports Export

Cells

and Modules

Modules

Only

Cells

and Modules

Modules

Only

Cells

and Modules

Modules

Only

Cells

and Modules

Modules

Only

Cells

and Modules

Number Peak Kilowatts 3 

1982 19 NA NA NA NA 6,897 NA NA NA NA 1983 18 NA NA NA NA 12,620 NA NA NA 1,903 1984 23 NA NA NA NA 9,912 NA NA NA 2,153 1985 15 5,461 NA 303 NA 5,769 NA 285 NA 1,670 1986 17 5,806 NA 516 NA 6,333 NA 678 NA 3,109 1987 17 5,613 NA 1,230 NA 6,850 NA 921 NA 3,821 1988 14 7,364 NA 1,895 NA 9,676 NA 1,453 NA 5,358 1989 17 10,747 NA 1,628 NA 12,825 NA 826 NA 7,363 1990 519 12,492 NA 1,321 NA 513,837 NA 1,398 NA 7,544 1991 23 14,205 NA 723 NA 14,939 NA 2,059 NA 8,905 1992 21 14,457 NA 1,075 NA 15,583 NA 1,602 NA 9,823 1993 19 20,146 NA 782 NA 20,951 NA 1,767 NA 14,814 1994 22 24,785 NA 1,061 NA 26,077 19,064 1,960 NA 17,714 1995 24 29,740 NA 1,266 NA 31,059 19,627 1,337 NA 19,871 1996 25 33,996 NA 1,445 NA 35,464 24,534 1,864 NA 22,448 1997 21 44,314 NA 1,886 NA 46,354 33,645 1,853 NA 33,793 1998 21 47,186 NA 3,318 NA 50,562 32,313 1,931 NA 35,493 1999 19 73,461 NA 3,269 NA 76,787 43,073 4,784 4,630 55,585 2000 21 85,155 NA 2,736 NA 88,221 55,007 8,821 5,016 68,382 2001 19 84,651 NA 12,541 NA 97,666 67,033 10,204 7,029 61,356 2002 19 104,123 NA 7,396 NA 112,090 64,413 7,297 6,378 66,778 2003 20 97,940 NA 10,966 NA 109,357 80,062 9,731 9,289 60,693 2004 19 159,138 NA 21,978 NA 181,116 143,274 47,703 14,096 102,770 2005 29 172,965 NA 53,826 NA 226,916 204,996 90,981 44,443 92,451 2006 41 233,518 NA 101,766 NA 337,268 320,208 173,977 99,687 130,757 2007 46 310,330 NA 202,519 NA 517,684 494,148 238,018 173,165 237,209 2008 66 665,795 NA 293,182 NA 986,504 920,693 586,558 449,813 462,252 2009 101 984,161 NA 266,547 NA 1,282,560 1,188,879 743,414 625,182 681,427 2010 112 6 ( ) 2,114,881 6 ( ) 519,516 6 ( ) 2,644,498 6 ( ) 1,734,149 6 ( ) 

1 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and

warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.

2 Includes all types of photovoltaic cells and modules (single-crystal silicon, cast silicon, ribbon silicon,

thin-film silicon, and concentrator silicon). Excludes cells and modules for space and satellite applications. 3 See "Peak Kilowatt" and "Peak Watt" in Glossary. 4 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Data were imputed for one nonrespondent who exited the industry during 1990. 6 Beginning in 2010, because of changes to survey methodology, survey data for cells and modulescannot be summed.

NA=Not available. Note: Shipments data are for domestic and export ship

subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renSources: • 1982-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Activity, annual reports. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewa• 2003 forward—EIA, Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments reports.
Figure 10.9 U.S. Shipments of Photovoltaic Modules Only by Sector and End Use, 2010

By End UseBy Sector298 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 See "Electric Power Grid" in Glossary. 2 Photovoltaic modules that are connected to the electric power grid, and whose output is fed

directly into the grid. 

3 Photovoltaic modules that are connected to the electric power grid, and whose output is

consumed mainly onsite. 

4 Photovoltaic modules that are not connected to the electric power grid, and that are used to

provide electric power to remote households or communities. 

5 Photovoltaic modules that are not connected to the electr

provide electric power for a variety of non-domestic applica

6 Electric utilities and independent power producers.7 Industrial sector only; independent power producers are in

Source: Table 10.9.

Grid–Connected1 Off–Grid1

243.9

1,408.5

10.9 

Centralized2 Distributed3 Domestic 

0

500

1,0001,500

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

4

908.2

467.2

243.9

Commercial Residential Electric Power 

0

200400600800

1,000

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

6
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Sector and End Use, 1989-2010

 (Peak Kilowatts 1 )

Year

By Sector By End Use

Residential Commercial 

3 Industrial 4

Electric

Power 5 Other 6

Grid-Connected 2 Off-G

Centralized 7 Distributed 8 Domestic 9 

Total Shipments of Photovoltaic Cells and Modules 11

1989 1,439 R6,057 3,993 785 551 12 ( ) 121,251 2,620 1990 1,701 R8,062 2,817 826 432 12 ( ) 12469 3,097 1991 3,624 R5,715 3,947 1,275 377 12 ( ) 12856 3,594 1992 4,154 R5,122 4,279 1,553 477 12 ( ) 121,227 4,238 1993 5,237 R8,004 5,352 1,503 856 12 ( ) 121,096 5,761 1994 6,632 R9,717 6,855 2,364 510 12 ( ) 122,296 9,253 1995 6,272 R12,483 7,198 3,759 1,347 12 ( ) 124,585 8,233 1996 8,475 R12,297 8,300 4,753 1,639 12 ( ) 124,844 10,884 1997 10,993 R15,594 11,748 5,651 2,367 12 ( ) 128,273 8,630 1998 15,936 R14,708 13,232 3,965 2,720 12 ( ) 1214,193 8,634 1999 19,817 R24,731 24,972 5,876 1,392 12 ( ) 1224,782 10,829 2000 24,814 R23,611 28,808 6,298 4,690 12 ( ) 1221,713 14,997 2001 33,262 R29,924 28,063 5,846 571 12 ( ) 1227,226 21,447 2002 29,315 R42,075 32,218 7,640 841 12 ( ) 1233,983 21,693 2003 23,389 R49,231 27,951 8,474 313 12 ( ) 1242,485 15,025 2004 53,928 R79,146 30,493 3,233 14,316 12 ( ) 12129,265 18,371 2005 75,040 R119,763 22,199 143 9,772 12 ( ) 12168,474 24,958 2006 95,815 R190,998 28,618 3,981 17,857 12 ( ) 12274,197 18,003 

U.S. Shipments of Photovoltaic Cells and Modules 11

2007 68,417 R144,061 32,702 35,294 – – 12 ( ) 12253,101 10,867 2008 173,989 R262,952 51,493 35,819 – – 12 ( ) 12500,854 15,527 2009 221,245 R282,807 43,445 53,636 – – 12 ( ) 12585,189 8,119 

U.S. Shipments of Photovoltaic Modules Only 11

2010 467,165 908,224 48,208 243,947 – – 243,947 1,408,462 10,941 

1 See "Peak Kilowatt" in Glossary. 2 See "Electric Power Grid" in Glossary. 3 Includes data that were previously shown in the "Commercial," "Government," and "Transportation"

sector categories.

4 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in

2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power." 

5 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in

"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. 6 Through 2006, data are for specialty purposes such as research. 7 Photovoltaic cells/modules that are connected to the electric power grid, and whose output is feddirectly into the grid.

8 Photovoltaic cells/modules that are connected to the electric power grid, and whose output is

consumed mainly onsite.

9 Photovoltaic cells/modules that are not connected to the electric power grid, and that are used to

provide electric power to remote households or communities. Includes data that were previously shown inthe "Remote" end-use category.

10 Photovoltaic cells/modules that are not connected to the electric power grid, and that are used to

provide electric power for a variety of non-domestic applications. Includes data that were previously shown

in the following end-use categories: "Communications," "Consum

Manufacturers" (non-photovoltaic manufacturers that combine newly developed product lines), "Transportation," "Water Pumpcooking food, desalinization, and distilling).

11 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments 

may include imports that subsequently were shipped to domestdata are for domestic shipments of photovoltaic cells and modshipments of photovoltaic modules only.

12 Through 2009, data for "Centralized" are included in "Distribu

R=Revised. – – = Not applicable. Notes: • See "Photovoltaic Cell (PVC)" and "Photovoltaic Mod

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelSources: • 1989-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Activity, annual reports. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewa• 2003 forward—EIA, Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments reports.
Renewable Energy

Note. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Tables 1.1, 1.3, and10.1, renewable energy consumption consists of: conventional hydroelectricity netgeneration (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6); geothermalelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see TableA6), and geothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal andphotovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heatrate—see Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation(converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate—see Table A6); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste from biogenicsources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass)consumption; fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption; and losses andco-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. In Tables 1.1, 1.2, and10.1, renewable energy production is assumed to equal consumption for all renewableenergy sources except biofuels (biofuels production comprises biomass inputs to theproduction of fuel ethanol and biodiesel).Table 10.2a SourcesResidential Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center.Residential Sector, Solar/PV: • 1989–2009: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on Form EIA-63A, “Annual Solar Thermal CollectorManufacturers Survey,” and Form EIA-63B, “Annual Photovoltaic Cell/ModuleShipments Report.” • 2010 and 2011: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-63B,“Annual Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments Report”; Form EIA-63A, “AnnualSolar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey” (pre-2010 data); and SEIA/GTMResearch, U.S. Solar Market Insight: 2010 Year in Review. Residential Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy

Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980 forward: EIA, Form EIA-457,“Residential Energy Consumption Survey”; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA457 and regional heating degree-day data.Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: EIA, Annual Energy Review (AER),

Tables 8.2d and A6.Commercial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center.Commercial Sector, Solar/PV: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.Commercial Sector, Wind: 2009 forward: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.Commercial Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy

Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980–1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S.Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984: EIA estimate based onthe 1983 value. • 1985–1988: Values interpolated. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER,Table 8.7c; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA-871, “Commercial BuildingsEnergy Consumption Survey.”Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c.

Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denatur5.13a, and 10.3. Calculated as commercial sector (Table 5.13a) divided by total motor gasoline produthen multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) coTable 10.2b SourcesIndustrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: • 1949–1Administration (EIA), Annual Energy Review (AER)

forward: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.Industrial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of TIndustrial Sector, Solar/PV: 2010 and 2011: EIA, 

Industrial Sector, Wind: 2011: EIA, AER, Tables Industrial Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, E

Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980–Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1

U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1. • 1985 a• 1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in 

Table 2. • 1988: Value interpolated. • 1989 forwaEIA estimates based on Form EIA-846, “Manufacturing Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste: • 1981: EIConsumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumptiowaste consumption (see AER, Table 10.2c). • 1982 awaste consumption based on Estimates of U.S. Biofueminus electric power waste consumption (see AER, Tamates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, totatric power sector waste consumption (see AER, Table 1

interpolated. • 1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels C

waste consumption minus electric power sector waste 10.2c). • 1988: Value interpolated. • 1989 forward: estimates based on information presented in GovernmenRecovery Yearbook and Methane Recovery Yearbook, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill MethanIndustrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denatura5.13b, and 10.3. Calculated as industrial sector moto5.13b) divided by total motor gasoline product sumultiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumIndustrial Sector, Losses and Co-products: EIACalculated as fuel ethanol losses and co-products (Taand co-products (Table 10.4).Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Den5.11, 5.13c, and 10.3. Calculated as transportation stion (Table 5.13c) divided by total motor gasoline and then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturantTransportation Sector, Biodiesel: EIA, AER, Table 

300 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
11. Envir
Figure 11.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption

Total1 1949-2011 Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide EmissioBy Major Source, 1949-2011 By Biomass1 Source, 2011302 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions.

See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.

2 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric 

plying by 12/44. 3 Based on chained (2005) dollars.

Sources: Tables 1.5, 11.1, and 11.2a-11.2e.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2

Energy

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Index 1949=100

0.186

0.073

Wood Fuel Ethanol W

0.000.050.100.150.20

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2 Coal Natural Gas

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2

Petroleum
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 11.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year Coal 3

Natural

Gas 4

Petroleum

Total 2,9

Biom

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil 5

Jet

Fuel

Kerosene LPG 6 Lubri- cants Motor Gasoline 7 Petroleum Coke Residual Fuel Oil Other 8 Total Wood 10 Waste 11 F

Etha

1949 1,118 270 12 140 NA 42 13 7 329 8 244 25 820 2,207 145 NA 1950 1,152 313 14 168 NA 48 16 9 357 8 273 26 918 2,382 147 NA 1955 1,038 472 24 247 21 48 27 10 473 13 274 38 1,175 2,685 134 NA 1960 915 650 21 291 53 41 42 10 543 29 275 45 1,349 2,914 124 NA 1965 1,075 828 15 330 87 40 57 11 627 39 289 65 1,559 3,462 125 NA 1970 1,134 1,144 7 394 141 39 78 11 789 41 396 85 1,983 4,261 134 (s) 1975 1,181 1,047 5 443 146 24 82 11 911 48 443 97 2,209 4,437 140 (s) 1976 1,266 1,068 5 488 144 25 86 13 955 47 506 103 2,372 4,705 161 (s) 1977 1,300 1,046 5 520 152 26 85 13 979 52 553 115 2,500 4,846 172 (s) 1978 1,298 1,050 5 533 154 26 83 14 1,011 50 544 127 2,548 4,896 191 (s) 1979 1,410 1,085 5 514 157 28 95 15 960 48 509 139 2,469 4,964 202 (s) 1980 1,436 1,063 4 446 156 24 87 13 900 46 453 142 2,272 4,770 232 (s) 1981 1,485 1,036 4 439 147 19 85 13 899 48 376 93 2,122 4,642 234 5 1982 1,433 963 3 415 148 19 85 11 892 49 309 80 2,011 4,406 235 7 1983 1,488 901 3 418 153 19 85 12 904 48 255 98 1,995 4,383 252 10 1984 1,598 962 3 443 172 17 88 13 914 51 247 106 2,053 4,613 252 13 1985 1,638 926 3 445 178 17 86 12 930 55 216 93 2,035 4,600 252 14 1986 1,617 866 4 453 191 15 83 12 958 56 255 98 2,125 4,608 240 16 1987 1,691 920 3 463 202 14 82 13 982 60 227 106 2,152 4,764 231 18 1988 1,775 962 3 487 212 14 83 13 1,003 63 249 119 2,246 4,982 242 19 1989 1,795 1,022 3 491 218 13 82 13 1,000 62 246 118 2,246 5,067 251 22 1990 1,821 1,025 3 470 223 6 69 13 988 67 220 127 2,187 5,039 208 24 1991 1,807 1,047 3 454 215 7 71 12 982 66 207 117 2,134 4,996 208 26 1992 1,822 1,082 3 464 213 6 77 12 999 74 196 135 2,180 5,093 217 27 1993 1,882 1,110 3 473 215 7 76 12 1,015 76 193 114 2,184 5,185 212 28 1994 1,893 1,134 3 492 224 7 79 13 1,022 74 183 124 2,221 5,258 218 29 1995 1,913 1,184 3 498 222 8 78 13 1,044 75 152 114 2,207 5,314 222 30 1996 1,995 1,205 3 524 232 9 84 12 1,063 78 152 132 2,290 5,501 229 32 1997 2,040 1,211 3 534 234 10 85 13 1,075 79 142 138 2,313 5,575 222 30 1998 2,064 1,189 2 538 238 12 75 14 1,107 89 158 125 2,358 5,622 205 30 1999 2,062 1,192 3 555 245 11 91 14 1,127 93 148 130 2,417 5,682 208 29 2000 2,155 1,241 3 580 254 10 102 14 1,135 84 163 117 2,461 5,867 212 27 2001 2,088 1,187 2 598 243 11 92 13 1,151 88 145 132 2,473 5,759 188 33 2002 2,095 R1,227 2 587 237 6 98 12 1,183 94 125 127 2,472 R5,806 187 36 2003 2,136 1,191 2 610 231 8 95 11 1,188 94 138 140 2,518 5,857 188 36 2004 2,160 R1,195 2 632 240 10 98 12 1,214 105 155 142 2,609 5,975 199 35 2005 2,182 1,175 2 640 246 10 94 12 1,214 105 164 141 2,628 R5,997 200 37 2006 2,147 R1,158 2 648 240 8 93 11 1,224 104 122 150 2,603 R5,919 R197 36 2007 2,172 R1,233 2 652 238 5 94 12 1,227 98 129 148 2,603 R6,020 R194 37 2008 2,139 1,243 2 615 226 2 89 11 1,166 92 111 130 2,444 5,838 R191 40 2009 1,876 R1,222 2 564 204 3 91 10 1,157 87 91 111 2,320 R5,429 R177 41 2010 R1,988 R1,265 2 R590 R210 3 R94 11 R1,146 77 R96 R120 R2,349 R5,612 186 R43 2011P 1,874 1,296 2 596 209 2 92 10 1,111 75 86 116 2,299 5,481 186 43 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this

table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection. 

3 Includes coal coke net imports. 4 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 5 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. 6 Liquefied petroleum gases. 7 Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol. 8 Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes

plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas, unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneouspetroleum products.

9 Includes electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste. See Table 11.3e.

10 Wood and wood-derived fuels.11 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste

other biomass.

12 Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million m

Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energ

non-combustion use of fossil fuels. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environm

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environmenin 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/environment/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1b–2.1f, 5.12, 7.3, 7.8, 10.2a–10.2c, and Monthly Energy Review (May 2012), Tables 12.1 and 12.7.
Figure 11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector, 1949-2011

Residential and Commercial, by Major Source Industrial, by Major SourceTransportation, by Major Source Electric Power, by Major Source304 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are allocated to the enduse sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales (see Tables 8.9

and 11.2e).

2 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric 

plying by 12/44. 3 Includes coal coke net imports.

Source: Tables 11.2a-11.2e.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

250500750

1,0001,2501,5001,7502,000

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

250500750

1,000

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2 

Retail Electricity1

Natural Gas

Petroleum

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2 

Petroleum 

Natural Gas
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 11.2a Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector, Selected Yea

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 3

 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 5 Total 2

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4 Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum Gases Total 

1949 121 55 51 21 7 80 66 321 1950 120 66 61 25 9 95 69 350 1955 83 117 87 27 13 127 110 436 1960 56 170 115 26 19 160 156 542 1965 34 214 125 24 24 174 223 644 1970 20 265 137 22 35 194 355 833 1975 6 266 132 12 32 176 419 867 1976 6 273 145 13 34 192 442 913 1977 5 261 146 12 33 191 478 935 1978 5 264 143 11 32 186 484 938 1979 4 268 119 10 21 150 496 918 1980 3 256 96 8 20 124 529 911 1981 3 245 84 6 19 109 522 878 1982 3 250 77 7 18 102 518 873 1983 3 238 68 6 22 95 531 867 1984 4 247 80 12 18 109 542 902 1985 4 241 80 11 20 111 553 909 1986 4 234 81 9 19 109 558 905 1987 4 234 85 9 22 115 581 934 1988 4 251 87 10 22 119 609 982 1989 3 260 85 8 24 117 625 1,005 1990 3 238 72 5 22 98 624 963 1991 2 248 68 5 24 97 633 980 1992 2 255 72 5 23 100 624 981 1993 2 269 71 5 25 101 667 1,040 1994 2 263 70 5 24 99 668 1,032 1995 2 263 66 5 25 96 678 1,039 1996 2 284 68 6 30 104 710 1,099 1997 2 270 64 7 29 99 719 1,090 1998 1 247 56 8 27 91 759 1,097 1999 1 257 61 8 33 102 762 1,122 2000 1 271 66 7 35 108 805 1,185 2001 1 259 66 7 33 106 805 1,172 2002 1 R265 63 4 34 101 835 R1,203 2003 1 276 66 5 34 106 847 1,230 2004 1 264 68 6 32 106 856 1,228 2005 1 262 62 6 32 101 897 1,261 2006 1 237 52 5 28 85 869 1,192 2007 1 257 53 3 31 87 897 R1,241 2008 1 266 49 2 35 85 878 1,229 2009 1 259 44 2 35 81 819 1,159 2010 1 R259 R43 2 R33 R78 R875 R1,212 2011P 1 256 43 1 33 78 827 1,162 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this

table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.

3 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. 5 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the

electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.2e.

6 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from ene

Dioxide" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#en

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#enviroin 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/environment/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration 

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1b, 5.14a, 8.9, 10.2a, and 11.2e. • 1Review (May 2012), Tables 12.2 and 12.7.
306 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 11.2b Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector, Selected Years, 

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 3

 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 7 Total 2

Bioma

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4 Kerosene LPG 5

Motor

Gasoline 6

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Total Wood 8 Waste 9

1949 148 19 16 3 2 7 NA 28 55 58 280 2 NA 1950 147 21 19 3 2 7 NA 33 66 63 297 2 NA 1955 76 35 28 4 3 9 NA 38 82 88 281 1 NA 1960 39 56 36 3 5 5 NA 44 93 124 312 1 NA 1965 25 79 39 4 6 5 NA 51 106 177 387 1 NA 1970 16 131 43 4 9 6 NA 56 119 268 534 1 NA 1975 14 136 43 4 8 6 NA 39 100 333 583 1 NA 1976 14 144 48 3 9 7 NA 45 111 358 627 1 NA 1977 14 135 49 4 9 7 NA 46 115 380 645 1 NA 1978 16 140 49 4 8 8 NA 42 110 381 648 1 NA 1979 14 150 43 6 6 7 NA 40 102 395 661 1 NA 1980 11 141 38 3 6 8 NA 44 98 412 662 2 NA 1981 13 136 33 5 5 7 NA 33 83 431 663 2 NA 1982 15 141 32 2 5 6 NA 31 77 432 665 2 NA 1983 15 132 48 8 6 7 NA 16 85 439 671 2 NA 1984 16 137 54 3 5 8 NA 21 90 461 704 2 NA 1985 13 132 46 2 6 7 NA 18 79 480 704 2 NA 1986 13 126 46 4 6 8 NA 23 85 487 711 3 NA 1987 12 132 44 4 6 8 NA 21 83 509 736 3 NA 1988 12 145 44 2 6 8 NA 21 81 534 772 3 NA 1989 11 148 42 2 7 7 0 18 76 559 794 7 1 1990 12 142 39 1 6 8 0 18 73 566 793 6 2 1991 11 148 38 1 7 6 0 17 68 567 794 6 2 1992 11 152 37 1 7 6 (s) 15 65 567 796 7 2 1993 11 155 36 1 7 2 (s) 14 60 593 819 7 2 1994 11 157 37 1 7 2 (s) 14 60 605 833 7 2 1995 11 164 35 2 7 1 (s) 11 56 620 851 7 2 1996 12 171 35 2 8 2 (s) 11 57 643 883 7 3 1997 12 174 32 2 8 3 (s) 9 54 686 926 7 3 1998 9 164 31 2 7 3 (s) 7 51 724 947 6 3 1999 10 165 32 2 9 2 (s) 6 51 735 960 6 3 2000 9 173 36 2 9 3 (s) 7 58 783 1,022 7 2 2001 9 164 37 2 9 3 (s) 6 57 797 1,027 6 2 2002 9 R170 32 1 9 3 (s) 6 52 795 R1,026 6 2 2003 8 173 35 1 10 4 (s) 9 59 796 1,036 7 3 2004 10 170 34 1 10 3 (s) 10 58 816 1,054 7 3 2005 9 163 33 2 8 3 (s) 9 55 842 1,069 7 3 2006 6 154 29 1 8 3 (s) 6 48 836 1,043 6 3 2007 7 164 28 1 8 4 (s) 6 47 861 R1,078 7 3 2008 7 171 27 (s) 10 3 (s) 6 46 850 1,074 7 3 2009 6 169 30 (s) 9 4 (s) 6 49 785 1,008 7 3 2010 R6 R168 R30 (s) 9 4 (s) R6 R49 805 R1,027 7 3 2011P 5 171 30 (s) 9 4 (s) 6 49 767 992 7 3 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this

table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.

3 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. 5 Liquefied petroleum gases. 6 Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol. 7 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the

electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.2e.

8 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, a

other biomass.

10 Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metr

Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy con

Dioxide" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepen

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environme

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environment foin 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/environment/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) es

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1c, 5.14a, 8.9, 10.2a, and 11.2e. • 1973 forwReview (MER) (May 2012), Tables 12.3 and 12.7, and MER data system calculat
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 11.2c Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year Coal

Coal

Coke

Net

Imports

Natural

Gas 3

 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 8 Total 2

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Kerosene LPG 5 Lubri- cants Motor Gasoline 6 Petroleum Coke Residual Fuel Oil Other 7 Total Wood 9 Was

1949 500 -1 166 41 18 3 3 16 8 95 25 209 120 995 44 1950 531 (s) 184 51 20 4 3 18 8 110 26 239 140 1,095 50 1955 516 -1 244 72 17 10 4 24 13 122 38 299 222 1,281 59 1960 418 -1 310 74 12 17 4 27 29 123 45 329 252 1,308 64 1965 471 -2 380 83 12 24 5 24 39 123 65 376 328 1,553 80 1970 427 -7 494 89 13 31 6 21 39 126 85 410 434 1,759 96 1975 336 2 442 97 9 39 6 16 48 117 97 427 490 1,696 100 1976 335 (s) 453 111 9 41 6 15 47 141 103 474 549 1,811 114 1977 316 2 447 125 10 40 7 14 52 150 115 513 582 1,860 120 1978 304 14 442 127 11 40 7 13 48 133 127 506 580 1,846 131 1979 329 7 442 128 13 66 8 11 47 128 139 540 612 1,931 132 1980 289 -4 431 96 13 61 7 11 45 105 142 480 601 1,797 150 1981 290 -2 422 101 8 58 6 11 47 83 93 408 597 1,715 150 1982 235 -2 364 95 10 60 6 10 48 81 80 390 529 1,515 142 1983 230 -2 347 83 5 55 6 8 48 61 98 362 549 1,486 159 1984 262 -1 380 87 3 62 7 11 50 68 106 394 582 1,617 157 1985 256 -2 360 81 3 58 6 15 54 57 93 369 583 1,566 154 1986 245 -2 338 84 2 56 6 15 55 57 98 373 566 1,520 151 1987 248 1 371 83 2 53 7 15 59 45 106 369 587 1,575 148 1988 263 5 389 82 2 54 7 14 61 42 119 381 611 1,648 152 1989 259 3 411 83 2 49 7 14 60 31 118 365 638 1,677 149 1990 258 1 432 84 1 39 7 13 64 31 127 366 638 1,695 135 1991 244 1 439 79 1 39 6 14 63 24 117 342 627 1,653 132 1992 235 4 456 81 1 45 6 14 70 28 135 380 649 1,724 137 1993 233 3 464 81 1 43 6 13 68 33 114 360 655 1,715 139 1994 235 7 465 81 1 46 7 14 67 31 124 371 668 1,745 148 1995 233 7 490 82 1 45 7 14 67 24 114 355 659 1,743 155 1996 227 3 506 86 1 46 6 14 70 24 132 381 678 1,795 158 1997 224 5 506 88 1 48 7 15 68 21 138 386 694 1,815 162 1998 219 8 495 88 2 39 7 14 77 16 125 368 706 1,796 150 1999 208 7 474 86 1 48 7 11 81 14 130 378 704 1,772 152 2000 211 7 481 87 1 56 7 11 74 17 117 370 719 1,788 153 2001 204 3 439 95 2 49 6 21 77 14 132 395 667 1,709 135 2002 188 7 R448 88 1 54 6 22 76 13 127 388 654 R1,685 131 2003 190 6 430 83 2 50 6 23 76 15 140 394 672 1,692 128 2004 191 16 R432 88 2 55 6 26 82 17 142 419 675 R1,732 138 2005 183 5 398 92 3 51 6 25 80 20 141 417 673 1,675 136 2006 179 7 R395 92 2 56 6 26 82 16 150 430 650 R1,662 138 2007 175 3 R405 92 1 54 6 21 80 13 148 415 662 R1,661 R132 2008 168 5 407 93 (s) 42 6 17 76 14 130 377 642 R1,599 126 2009 131 -3 383 80 (s) 46 5 17 73 7 111 339 551 1,401 R113 2010 R154 -1 R401 R86 R1 R50 6 R19 62 8 R120 R352 R587 R1,494 R122 2011P 150 1 419 88 (s) 48 5 18 62 8 116 345 567 1,482 123 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this

table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.

3 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. 5 Liquefied petroleum gases. 6 Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol. 7 Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes

plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas, unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneouspetroleum products.

8 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the

electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.2e.

9 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

10 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste

other biomass.

11 Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 and g

tons of carbon dioxide. 

Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energ

non-combustion use of fossil fuels. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environm

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environmenin 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/environment/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1d, 5.14b, 8.9, 10.2b, and 11.2e. • 1973 fReview (MER) (May 2012), Tables 12.4 and 12.7, and MER data system calcu
308 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 11.2d Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Year

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 3

 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 7 Total 2

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Jet

Fuel LPG 5 Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 6

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

Fuel

Ethanol 8 

1949 161 NA 12 30 NA (s) 4 306 91 443 6 611 NA 1950 146 7 14 35 NA (s) 5 332 95 481 6 640 NA 1955 39 13 24 58 21 1 6 439 80 629 5 687 NA 1960 7 19 21 65 53 1 6 511 66 723 2 751 NA 1965 1 27 15 80 87 2 6 597 61 847 2 878 NA 1970 1 40 7 115 141 3 5 763 60 1,093 2 1,136 NA 1975 (s) 32 5 155 145 3 6 889 56 1,258 2 1,292 NA 1976 (s) 30 5 167 143 3 6 933 65 1,322 2 1,354 NA 1977 (s) 29 5 182 149 3 6 958 72 1,375 2 1,406 NA 1978 9 ( ) 29 5 196 153 3 7 991 78 1,433 2 1,464 NA 1979 9 ( ) 32 5 213 156 1 7 941 97 1,420 2 1,454 NA 1980 9 ( ) 34 4 204 155 1 6 881 110 1,363 2 1,400 NA 1981 9 ( ) 35 4 212 147 2 6 881 96 1,348 2 1,385 (s) 1982 9 ( ) 32 3 204 148 2 6 876 80 1,319 2 1,354 1 1983 9 ( ) 27 3 213 153 3 6 888 65 1,330 3 1,359 2 1984 9 ( ) 29 3 216 172 3 6 895 64 1,358 3 1,390 3 1985 9 ( ) 28 3 232 178 2 6 908 62 1,391 3 1,421 3 1986 9 ( ) 26 4 235 191 2 6 936 69 1,443 3 1,472 4 1987 9 ( ) 28 3 244 202 1 6 959 71 1,487 3 1,519 5 1988 9 ( ) 34 3 265 212 1 6 981 72 1,542 3 1,579 5 1989 9 ( ) 34 3 270 218 1 6 979 77 1,554 3 1,591 5 1990 9 ( ) 36 3 268 223 1 7 967 80 1,548 3 1,588 4 1991 9 ( ) 33 3 263 215 1 6 962 81 1,532 3 1,568 5 1992 9 ( ) 32 3 269 213 1 6 979 84 1,556 3 1,592 5 1993 9 ( ) 34 3 278 215 1 6 1,000 71 1,574 3 1,611 6 1994 9 ( ) 38 3 295 224 2 6 1,007 70 1,607 3 1,647 7 1995 9 ( ) 38 3 307 222 1 6 1,029 72 1,639 3 1,681 8 1996 9 ( ) 39 3 327 232 1 6 1,047 67 1,683 3 1,725 6 1997 9 ( ) 41 3 342 234 1 6 1,057 56 1,699 3 1,744 7 1998 9 ( ) 35 2 352 238 1 7 1,090 53 1,743 3 1,782 8 1999 9 ( ) 36 3 366 245 1 7 1,115 52 1,789 3 1,828 8 2000 9 ( ) 36 3 378 254 1 7 1,121 70 1,833 4 1,872 9 2001 9 ( ) 35 2 387 243 1 6 1,127 46 1,813 4 1,852 10 2002 9 ( ) 37 2 394 237 1 6 1,158 53 1,851 4 1,892 11 2003 9 ( ) 33 2 414 231 1 6 1,161 45 1,861 5 1,899 16 2004 9 ( ) 32 2 434 240 1 6 1,185 58 1,926 5 1,962 20 2005 9 ( ) 33 2 444 246 2 6 1,186 66 1,953 5 1,991 22 2006 9 ( ) 33 2 469 240 2 5 1,194 71 1,984 5 2,022 30 2007 9 ( ) 35 2 472 238 1 6 1,201 78 1,999 5 2,040 38 2008 9 ( ) 37 2 440 226 3 5 1,146 72 1,895 5 1,937 54 2009 9 ( ) R38 2 404 204 2 5 1,137 64 1,818 5 R1,860 61 2010 9 ( ) R38 2 R425 R210 2 5 R1,124 R69 R1,836 5 R1,879 R71 2011P 9 ( ) 39 2 430 209 2 5 1,089 65 1,802 4 1,845 71 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this

table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.

3 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. 5 Liquefied petroleum gases. 6 Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol. 7 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the

electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.2e.

8 Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.

9 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation 

sector consumption.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metr

Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy c

non-combustion use of fossil fuels. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • Tocomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environme

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environment foin 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/environment/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) es

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1e, 5.14c, 8.9, 10.2b, and 11.2e. • 1973 forwReview (MER) (May 2012), Tables 12.5 and 12.7, and MER data system calculat
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 11.2e Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected 

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 3

 Petroleum

Geothermal

NonBiomass

Waste 5 Total 2

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Total Wood 6 

1949 187 30 2 NA 30 33 NA NA 250 1 1950 206 35 2 NA 35 37 NA NA 278 1 1955 324 63 2 NA 35 37 NA NA 424 (s) 1960 396 95 2 NA 42 43 NA NA 535 (s) 1965 546 127 2 NA 55 57 NA NA 730 (s) 1970 678 215 10 2 154 166 NA NA 1,059 (s) 1975 824 172 17 (s) 231 248 NA NA 1,244 (s) 1976 911 167 18 (s) 255 273 NA NA 1,351 (s) 1977 962 174 21 (s) 285 306 NA NA 1,442 (s) 1978 960 175 20 1 291 313 NA NA 1,448 (s) 1979 1,056 192 13 1 244 258 NA NA 1,505 (s) 1980 1,137 200 12 1 194 207 NA NA 1,544 (s) 1981 1,180 198 9 (s) 163 173 NA NA 1,551 (s) 1982 1,182 176 7 (s) 116 123 NA NA 1,481 (s) 1983 1,242 158 7 1 113 121 NA NA 1,521 (s) 1984 1,318 170 6 1 94 101 NA NA 1,588 (s) 1985 1,367 166 6 1 79 86 NA NA 1,619 1 1986 1,357 142 6 1 107 114 NA NA 1,613 (s) 1987 1,427 155 7 1 91 99 NA NA 1,680 1 1988 1,492 143 8 1 114 123 NA NA 1,758 1 1989 1,519 168 11 2 121 134 (s) 4 1,826 9 1990 1,548 176 7 3 92 102 (s) 6 1,831 12 1991 1,548 179 6 3 86 95 (s) 7 1,830 12 1992 1,570 186 5 5 69 79 (s) 8 1,843 13 1993 1,633 188 6 8 76 90 (s) 9 1,919 14 1994 1,639 211 9 7 68 84 (s) 9 1,944 14 1995 1,661 228 8 8 45 61 (s) 10 1,960 12 1996 1,752 205 8 8 50 66 (s) 10 2,033 13 1997 1,797 219 8 10 56 75 (s) 10 2,101 13 1998 1,828 248 10 13 82 105 (s) 10 2,192 13 1999 1,836 260 10 11 76 97 (s) 10 2,204 13 2000 1,927 281 13 10 69 91 (s) 10 2,310 13 2001 1,870 290 12 11 79 102 (s) 11 2,273 12 2002 1,890 306 9 18 52 79 (s) 13 2,288 14 2003 1,931 278 12 18 69 98 (s) 11 2,319 16 2004 1,943 297 8 23 69 100 (s) 11 2,352 15 2005 1,984 319 8 25 69 102 (s) 11 2,417 17 2006 1,954 338 5 22 28 56 (s) 12 2,359 17 2007 1,987 372 7 17 31 55 (s) 11 2,426 17 2008 1,959 362 5 16 19 40 (s) 12 2,374 17 2009 1,741 373 5 14 14 34 (s) 11 2,159 17 2010 1,828 399 6 15 12 33 (s) 11 2,271 18 2011P 1,718 411 5 14 7 25 (s) 11 2,166 16 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this

table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end ofsection.

3 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. 5 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 mil

Notes: • Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from ene

Dioxide" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#en

annual data. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#enviroin 1949. • See http://www.eia.gov/environment/ for related information.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration 

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, and 10.2c. • 1973 forw(MER) (May 2012), Table 12.6 and MER data system calculations.
Figure 11.3 Methane Emissions

Total, 1980-2009 By Source, 2009Energy Sources by Type 1980-2009 Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2009310 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Chemical production, and iron and steel production.2 Natural gas production, processing, and distribution.3 Petroleum production, refining, and distribution.4 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.

5 Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycle6 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals suc

swine. 

Source: Table 11.3.

Sources Sources Man

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10203040

Million Metric Tons of Methane

12.1

8.6 

Energy Agricultural W

05

1015

Million Metric Tons of Methane

Stationary Combustion4

Natural Gas Systems2

Coal Mining

Mobile Combustion5

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons of Methane Petroleum Systems3

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons of Methane
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 11.3 Methane Emissions, 1980-2009

 (Million Metric Tons of Methane)

Year

Energy Sources Waste Management Agricultural Sources

Coal

Mining

Natural

Gas

Systems 1

Petroleum

Systems 2

Mobile

Combustion 3

Stationary

Combustion 4 Total 5 Landfills

Wastewater

Treatment 6 Total 5

Enteric

Fermentation 7 Animal Waste 8 Rice Cultivation

Crop

Residue

Burning 

1980 3.06 4.42 NA 0.28 0.45 8.20 10.52 0.52 11.04 5.47 2.87 0.48 0.04 1981 2.81 5.02 NA .27 .45 8.55 10.69 .53 11.22 5.56 2.73 .54 .05 1982 3.23 5.04 NA .27 .46 9.01 10.63 .54 11.17 5.50 2.63 .47 .05 1983 3.02 5.00 NA .27 .46 8.76 10.67 .54 11.21 5.46 2.68 .31 .04 1984 3.61 5.11 NA .27 .48 9.46 10.68 .66 11.33 5.33 2.60 .40 .05 1985 3.89 5.16 NA .26 .48 9.79 10.65 .67 11.32 5.27 2.56 .36 .05 1986 3.73 5.04 NA .26 .46 9.48 10.53 .67 11.20 5.13 2.51 .34 .04 1987 4.01 5.14 NA .25 .43 9.85 10.63 .68 11.31 5.08 2.56 .33 .04 1988 3.94 5.29 NA .25 .46 9.95 10.51 .69 11.20 5.10 2.60 .41 .05 1989 3.96 5.46 NA .25 .48 10.15 10.43 .70 11.13 5.08 1.68 .38 .05 1990 4.07 5.78 1.30 .22 .37 11.72 10.31 .91 11.23 5.58 1.59 .40 .05 1991 4.09 6.00 1.31 .21 .37 11.98 10.00 .93 10.93 5.61 1.64 .40 .05 1992 4.05 6.07 1.26 .20 .38 11.97 9.84 .95 10.79 5.77 1.68 .45 .05 1993 3.29 6.03 1.21 .20 .36 11.08 9.58 .96 10.54 5.77 1.73 .41 .04 1994 3.35 6.08 1.17 .19 .35 11.15 9.25 .98 10.23 5.90 1.81 .48 .05 1995 3.31 6.17 1.16 .20 .35 11.20 8.62 1.00 9.61 5.96 1.84 .44 .05 1996 3.30 6.20 1.14 .20 .36 11.20 8.19 1.01 9.19 5.95 1.84 .41 .05 1997 3.28 6.47 1.14 .20 .33 11.42 7.45 1.02 8.47 5.72 1.91 .45 .05 1998 3.29 6.45 1.11 .19 .30 11.34 6.80 1.03 7.83 5.65 1.97 .47 .05 1999 3.11 6.47 1.04 .18 .31 11.11 6.21 1.05 7.25 5.64 1.97 .50 .05 2000 2.98 6.77 1.03 .17 .33 11.27 5.93 1.05 6.98 5.60 1.96 .44 .05 2001 2.97 6.59 1.03 .16 .30 11.05 5.65 1.05 6.70 5.53 1.98 .47 .05 2002 2.79 6.90 1.02 .15 .30 11.16 5.58 1.06 6.64 5.54 1.99 .44 .05 2003 2.79 6.86 1.01 .14 .31 11.11 5.97 1.06 7.03 5.61 2.00 .43 .05 2004 2.86 6.93 .96 .14 .31 11.20 5.80 1.07 6.88 5.62 2.02 .47 .05 2005 2.81 6.91 .92 .13 .32 11.08 6.02 1.08 7.09 5.71 2.18 .46 .05 2006 2.86 7.00 .91 .12 .30 11.19 6.18 1.10 7.27 5.77 2.25 .39 .05 2007 2.84 7.26 .90 .12 .31 11.43 6.40 1.11 7.51 5.80 2.24 .39 .05 2008 3.28 7.37 .88 .11 .33 11.97 6.90 1.12 8.02 5.93 2.37 .43 .05 2009 3.44 7.32 .94 .11 .31 12.12 7.19 1.12 8.31 5.80 2.33 .45 .06 

1 Natural gas production, processing, and distribution; processing is not included in 1980 and is

incompletely covered in 1981–1989. 2 Petroleum production, refining, and distribution. 3 Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other transport. 4 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity. 5 See notes on components for specific coverage, which is inconsistent prior to 1990 in some cases. 6 1980–1983, domestic wastewater only; 1984 forward, industrial and domestic wastewater. 7 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and swine. 8 Estimation methods for 1990 forward reflect a shift in waste management away from liquid systems todry-lot systems, thus lowering emissions.

9 Chemical production, and iron and steel production.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data for this table are not available for 2010. • Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. 

"Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of human activit

activity and domestic livestock. Emissions from natural sourcesnot included. • Under certain conditions, methane may be porganic materials in landfills, animal wastes, and rice paddies. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/envSources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emiss

States 2009 (March 2011), Tables 17–21; and EIA estimates bClimate Change’s Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas guidelines)—see http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6Protection Agency’s Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.ht
Figure 11.4 Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Total, 1980-2009 By Source, 2009Energy Sources by Type, 1980-2009 Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2009312 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics) and nitric

acid production (primarily for fertilizers).

2 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and

construction equipment.

3 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood fo

Source: Table 11.4.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.30.60.9

Million Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100150200

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide

540

143

Agricultural Energy Indu

0

200400600

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide

Stationary Combustion3

Sources 

Sources Pro

Mobile Combustion2

So

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

200400600800

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 11.4 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2009

 (Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide)

Year

Energy Sources Waste Management Agricultural Sources

Mobile

Combustion 1

Stationary

Combustion 2 Total

Waste

Combustion

Human

Sewage in

Wastewater Total

Nitrogen

Fertilization

of Soils

Crop

Residue

Burning

Solid Waste

of Domesticated

Animals Tota

1980 60 44 104 1 10 11 364 1 75 440 1981 63 44 106 1 10 11 364 2 74 440 1982 67 42 108 1 10 11 339 2 74 414 1983 71 43 114 1 11 11 337 1 75 413 1984 86 45 132 1 11 11 355 2 74 431 1985 98 46 143 1 11 12 344 2 73 419 1986 107 45 152 1 11 12 329 2 71 402 1987 120 46 166 1 12 13 328 1 71 400 1988 138 48 185 1 12 13 329 1 71 401 1989 146 49 195 1 12 13 336 1 70 407 1990 88 47 135 1 12 13 432 1 66 499 1991 93 46 139 1 13 14 429 1 66 497 1992 96 47 143 1 13 14 445 2 66 512 1993 100 48 148 1 13 14 439 1 68 508 1994 104 48 152 1 13 15 462 2 68 532 1995 125 49 174 1 13 15 423 1 69 494 1996 129 51 180 1 14 15 418 2 68 487 1997 126 51 178 1 14 15 417 2 69 487 1998 128 51 179 1 14 15 422 2 69 493 1999 124 51 175 1 15 16 421 2 69 492 2000 122 53 175 1 15 16 412 2 70 484 2001 117 51 168 1 15 16 405 2 71 477 2002 115 51 166 1 15 16 403 2 70 474 2003 114 51 165 1 15 16 414 2 69 485 2004 114 52 167 1 15 17 446 2 69 517 2005 109 53 162 1 16 17 455 2 70 526 2006 107 52 159 1 16 17 457 2 71 530 2007 106 52 159 1 16 17 471 2 71 544 2008 101 51 151 1 16 17 468 2 71 541 2009 97 46 143 1 16 18 468 2 70 540 

1 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and

construction equipment.

2 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity. 3 Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics), and nitric acid

production (primarily for fertilizers).

Notes: • Data for this table are not available for 2010. • Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. 

"Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of human activities, including emissions from agriculturalactivity and domestic livestock. Emissions from natural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are

not included. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to i

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/envSources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emiss

States 2009 (March 2011), Table 22; and EIA estimates based on Change’s Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6.html; and the UInventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Shttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.ht
Figure 11.5 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful The

Emissions by Type of Generating Unit, 2010

Emissions by Sector, 1989-2010

314 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

 5.0

(s)

 0.2

 0.2

0123456

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Sulfur Dioxide

1 For carbon dioxide: municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources; tire-derived fuel, and

geothermal. For sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides: blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other

manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels; wood and wood-derived fuels;municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and otherbiomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

2 Includes Commercial Sector.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons.Sources: Tables 11.5a-11.5c.

1,874

462

39

14

Coal

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Other1

0 600 1,200 1,800 2,400

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Carbon Dioxide

0.3

 0.1

 0.2

0 1

Million M

Nitrogen Oxides

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

06

12

18

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Sulfur Dioxide

1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Nitrogen Oxides

Total2

Electric

 Power Sector

Industrial Sector

 P

Industrial Sector

Total2

Electric 

Power Sector

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0.00.71.4

2.1

2.8

Billion Metric Tons of Gas

Carbon Dioxide
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 11.5a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal 

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010 (Sum of Tables 11.5b and 11.5c; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)

Year

Carbon Dioxide 1 Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4

Geothermal 5

NonBiomass

Waste 6 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Other 7 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 

1989 1,573,566 218,384 145,399 363 5,590 1,943,302 14,469 1 984 39 15,493 7,281 495 1990 1,592,395 233,852 119,580 384 7,488 1,953,699 14,281 1 937 243 15,462 7,119 513 1991 1,592,186 238,084 111,351 398 8,447 1,950,466 14,240 1 856 246 15,342 7,109 498 1992 1,617,034 248,149 96,638 400 10,053 1,972,275 14,060 1 704 264 15,030 6,975 477 1993 1,687,623 250,411 108,164 415 10,439 2,057,053 13,843 1 851 271 14,966 7,225 475 1994 1,697,416 276,308 102,844 384 11,186 2,088,138 13,398 1 794 279 14,472 7,005 513 1995 1,720,062 298,601 77,032 329 11,982 2,108,006 11,188 2 826 298 12,314 5,136 653 1996 1,812,022 277,856 84,024 360 12,718 2,186,980 11,811 1 876 304 12,991 5,307 577 1997 1,858,944 293,139 93,497 374 13,368 2,259,322 12,211 1 965 303 13,480 5,322 619 1998 1,887,335 327,456 123,542 375 12,891 2,351,600 12,012 1 1,162 289 13,464 5,123 700 1999 1,894,211 343,090 115,677 381 12,943 2,366,302 11,453 1 1,101 288 12,843 4,687 632 2000 1,986,100 363,526 108,407 362 12,440 2,470,834 R10,669 1 933 300 R11,904 4,370 614 2001 1,920,901 367,146 117,196 353 13,010 2,418,607 9,905 2 1,002 265 11,174 4,096 631 2002 1,938,613 378,950 91,110 372 14,918 2,423,963 9,786 2 773 321 10,881 4,057 625 2003 1,973,597 345,119 112,065 371 13,943 2,445,094 9,688 2 717 239 10,646 3,607 453 2004 1,989,580 367,112 115,726 381 14,183 2,486,982 9,437 2 633 237 10,309 3,286 416 2005 2,028,614 383,461 117,086 377 14,299 2,543,838 9,499 2 587 251 10,340 3,135 383 2006 2,001,085 404,278 67,988 374 15,193 2,488,918 8,867 2 427 227 9,524 2,996 399 2007 2,029,804 434,536 67,769 376 14,548 2,547,032 8,389 3 422 227 9,042 2,870 382 2008 2,001,806 419,599 47,855 381 14,370 2,484,012 7,351 3 250 225 7,830 2,680 351 2009 1,781,278 432,206 41,474 386 14,163 2,269,508 5,535 2 210 223 5,970 1,769 336 2010 1,873,813 461,723 38,793 391 13,875 2,388,596 4,961 3 217 219 5,400 1,843 349 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfil

byproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, s

R=Revised. Notes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumption fo

output. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals mindependent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: Tables 11.5b and 11.5c.
316 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 11.5b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal 

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 11.5a; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)

Year

Carbon Dioxide 1 Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4

Geothermal 5

NonBiomass

Waste 6 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Other 7 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 

1989 1,520,230 169,653 133,546 363 4,366 1,828,158 13,815 1 810 7 14,633 7,055 390 1990 1,534,141 177,232 101,800 384 5,795 1,819,351 13,576 1 628 13 14,218 6,878 390 1991 1,534,559 180,541 95,149 398 7,207 1,817,854 13,590 1 621 15 14,227 6,886 384 1992 1,556,741 187,730 79,153 400 8,476 1,832,501 13,375 1 559 12 13,946 6,749 359 1993 1,626,161 188,291 90,400 415 8,592 1,913,860 13,133 1 735 13 13,882 6,996 357 1994 1,634,282 211,154 85,005 384 9,323 1,940,148 12,695 1 665 11 13,373 6,777 390 1995 1,656,743 228,675 61,057 329 10,015 1,956,819 10,573 1 581 34 11,189 4,974 402 1996 1,747,945 205,250 66,113 360 9,932 2,029,599 11,129 1 617 32 11,779 5,144 326 1997 1,794,629 220,174 75,079 374 10,372 2,100,628 11,515 1 653 36 12,205 5,157 370 1998 1,825,027 249,836 105,539 375 10,264 2,191,041 11,373 1 911 37 12,321 4,965 431 1999 1,831,670 262,455 97,892 381 10,312 2,202,710 10,843 1 836 42 11,722 4,535 381 2000 1,923,054 283,034 92,226 362 10,178 2,308,855 R10,081 1 746 45 R10,872 4,225 338 2001 1,862,800 291,101 102,900 353 10,900 2,268,054 9,281 2 754 5 10,041 3,878 425 2002 1,878,923 307,455 78,820 372 12,758 2,278,328 9,106 2 549 16 9,672 3,813 425 2003 1,917,303 279,300 98,208 371 11,453 2,306,635 9,255 2 579 13 9,849 3,496 282 2004 1,929,818 297,782 100,236 381 11,177 2,339,394 8,991 2 493 9 9,495 3,183 241 2005 1,970,908 320,545 102,537 377 11,257 2,405,625 9,071 2 461 10 9,543 3,051 243 2006 1,944,759 339,557 55,358 374 11,544 2,351,592 8,416 2 264 8 8,690 2,902 230 2007 1,977,528 373,268 55,545 376 11,304 2,418,022 8,002 3 265 9 8,279 2,781 236 2008 1,951,138 363,749 40,442 381 11,620 2,367,331 6,909 2 146 8 7,065 2,578 230 2009 1,736,284 374,082 33,700 386 11,256 2,155,707 5,253 2 110 9 5,374 1,688 214 2010 1,821,497 400,974 32,667 391 11,034 2,266,563 4,662 2 111 8 4,783 1,751 224 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agriculturalbyproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

R=Revised. Notes: • There are small differences in carbon dioxide emissions values between this table and Table

11.2e due to differences in the methodologies for calculating the data. • Data are for emissions from

energy consumption for electricity generation and useful therm

comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) pprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See NEnergy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. • See "Useful Thermequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: Carbon Dioxide: U.S. Energy Information Admin

EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor Oxides: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-923, "Power Planforms). Data were adjusted by the U.S. Environmental ProMonitoring System.
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 11.5c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 11.5a; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)

Year

Carbon Dioxide 1 Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Ox

Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4

Geothermal 5

NonBiomass

Waste 6 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Other 7 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 

Commercial Sector 8

1989 2,320 1,542 637 – 804 5,303 37 (s) 5 1 43 9 3 2 1990 2,418 2,294 706 – 959 6,377 39 (s) 4 1 45 10 6 1 1991 2,680 2,287 544 – 1,014 6,526 32 (s) 3 1 35 10 6 1 1992 2,552 2,787 474 – 1,258 7,070 32 (s) 3 1 35 10 7 1 1993 2,988 3,315 616 – 1,285 8,205 40 (s) 3 1 44 12 7 1 1994 2,932 3,722 654 – 1,292 8,601 39 (s) 3 (s) 42 11 8 1 1995 3,106 4,070 509 – 1,462 9,147 30 (s) 3 3 35 8 20 6 1996 3,639 4,369 534 – 2,023 10,565 40 (s) 3 4 47 9 23 4 1997 3,871 4,654 716 – 2,277 11,518 43 (s) 3 6 51 10 34 7 1998 3,341 4,707 829 – 2,081 10,958 37 (s) 5 4 45 10 35 5 1999 3,468 4,535 742 – 2,008 10,752 34 (s) 4 4 42 9 28 4 2000 3,635 4,605 740 – 1,684 10,665 33 (s) 4 7 43 8 38 4 2001 3,366 4,280 839 – 1,418 9,903 43 (s) 4 2 48 13 19 2 2002 3,025 4,035 571 – 1,520 9,151 41 (s) 2 2 46 13 20 2 2003 3,904 3,222 683 – 1,706 9,515 32 (s) 3 1 36 9 16 5 2004 4,018 3,916 920 – 1,962 10,817 30 (s) 3 2 35 8 18 8 2005 4,031 3,701 759 – 1,897 10,387 33 (s) 3 1 36 9 24 6 2006 3,908 3,686 445 – 1,946 9,984 33 (s) 3 1 36 9 35 3 2007 3,994 3,800 363 – 1,635 9,792 33 (s) 3 1 37 10 16 2 2008 4,155 3,589 310 – 1,953 10,006 32 (s) 1 (s) 33 9 14 1 2009 3,727 4,093 245 – 2,084 10,149 26 (s) 1 (s) 27 8 13 1 2010 3,530 4,639 206 – 2,063 10,437 25 (s) 1 (s) 27 7 14 1 

Industrial Sector 9

1989 51,017 47,188 11,216 – 420 109,842 616 (s) 169 32 817 218 100 21 1990 55,837 54,326 17,074 – 734 127,971 666 (s) 304 229 1,199 233 116 31 1991 54,947 55,255 15,659 – 225 126,086 618 (s) 232 230 1,080 215 108 27 1992 57,742 57,632 17,010 – 319 132,704 655 (s) 143 251 1,049 218 110 29 1993 58,474 58,805 17,148 – 562 134,988 671 (s) 113 257 1,041 219 110 29 1994 60,202 61,431 17,186 – 571 139,390 664 (s) 126 267 1,057 219 114 30 1995 60,212 65,856 15,466 – 505 142,040 585 (s) 243 262 1,090 154 231 43 1996 60,438 68,237 17,377 – 763 146,815 642 (s) 256 268 1,166 154 228 48 1997 60,444 68,311 17,701 – 719 147,175 653 (s) 309 261 1,223 155 215 50 1998 58,967 72,914 17,174 – 546 149,601 603 (s) 247 248 1,099 148 234 53 1999 59,073 76,100 17,043 – 624 152,840 576 (s) 260 243 1,080 144 223 55 2000 59,410 75,887 15,440 – 577 151,315 556 (s) 184 248 988 138 238 34 2001 54,735 71,765 13,457 – 693 140,650 581 (s) 245 259 1,085 206 187 39 2002 56,665 67,460 11,719 – 640 136,484 639 (s) 221 303 1,163 231 181 36 2003 52,390 62,598 13,173 – 783 128,944 401 (s) 135 224 761 102 155 28 2004 55,744 65,413 14,570 – 1,044 136,771 415 (s) 136 227 779 95 157 25 2005 53,675 59,216 13,791 – 1,145 127,826 395 (s) 124 241 760 75 117 27 2006 52,418 61,035 12,185 – 1,703 127,341 419 (s) 161 218 798 86 134 26 2007 48,282 57,467 11,860 – 1,609 119,218 353 1 154 217 726 79 129 26 2008 46,514 52,261 7,103 – 798 106,675 411 1 103 217 731 93 107 16 2009 41,268 54,031 7,529 – 824 103,651 256 (s) 98 214 569 73 108 15 2010 48,786 56,110 5,920 – 779 111,596 274 (s) 105 210 590 85 110 14 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agriculturalbyproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. 9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

– =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand metric tons.Notes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumption for electricity g

output. • See Table 11.5b for electric power sector data. • See Note 2, "CInto Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. • See "Useful Thermal Outputnot equal sums of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.Sources: Carbon Dioxide: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA

EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor forms). SuOxides: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations forms). Data were adjusted by the U.S. Environmental Protection AgenMonitoring System.
Figure 11.6 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Env

Equipment

By Fuel and Equipment Type, 2010Total Units by Equipment Type, 1985-20102 Coal Units by Equipment Type, Petroleum and Natural 

1985-20102 by Equipment Type, 19

318 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Coal Units Petroleum and Natur

Particulate Collectors

Thousand Megawatts

329

165

185

26

75

Particulate Collectors Cooling Towers Flue Gas Particulate Collectors Cooling Towe

0

50

100150200250300350

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

Flue Gas Desulfurization1

Particulate Collectors

Flue Gas Desulfurization1

Desulfurization1 

Cooling Towers

Cooling Towers

1 Also called “scrubbers.”2 Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of

100 megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulatedgenerating plants (independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in

operating or standby status, with fossil-fueled steam-elec

greater, or combustible-renewable steam electric capacity of 

Note: • Components are not additive because some ge

one category.

Source: Table 11.6.

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

1985 1990 19

0

20406080

Thousand Megawatts
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table 11.6 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environme

 1985-2010 (Megawatts)

Year

Coal Petroleum and Natural Gas 

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers

Flue Gas

Desulfurization

(Scrubbers) Total 2

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers

Flue Gas

Desulfurization

(Scrubbers) Total 2

Particulate

Collectors

Coolin

Tower

1985 302,056 120,591 56,955 304,706 36,054 28,895 65 62,371 338,110 149,481986 308,566 126,731 63,735 311,217 34,258 27,919 65 59,618 342,825 154,651987 311,043 127,875 65,688 312,885 33,431 27,912 65 58,783 344,474 155,781988 311,776 129,366 67,156 313,618 34,063 27,434 65 58,937 345,839 156,801989 313,680 131,701 67,469 315,521 33,975 28,386 65 59,736 347,655 160,081990 315,681 134,199 69,057 317,522 33,639 28,359 65 59,372 349,319 162,551991 319,046 135,565 70,474 319,110 33,864 29,067 260 59,773 352,910 164,631992 319,856 136,266 71,336 319,918 33,509 28,764 195 59,116 353,365 165,031993 318,188 135,885 71,106 318,251 32,620 28,922 – 58,580 350,808 164,801994 319,485 137,266 80,617 319,776 31,695 28,186 – 57,123 351,180 165,451995 320,685 138,108 84,677 320,749 30,513 27,187 – 54,942 351,198 165,291996 321,805 139,065 85,842 321,869 30,349 27,685 – 55,275 352,154 166,741997 320,646 138,120 86,605 320,710 31,422 28,766 – 56,485 352,068 166,881998 321,082 139,082 87,783 321,353 30,708 27,814 – 55,764 351,790 166,891999 324,109 146,377 89,666 331,379 29,371 29,142 – 55,812 353,480 175,522000 321,636 146,093 89,675 328,741 31,090 29,427 – 57,697 352,727 175,5220013 329,187 154,747 97,804 329,187 31,575 34,649 184 61,634 360,762 189,392002 329,459 154,750 98,363 329,459 29,879 45,920 310 72,008 359,338 200,672003 328,587 155,158 99,257 328,587 29,422 55,770 310 81,493 358,009 210,922004 328,506 157,968 101,182 328,506 27,402 57,082 310 81,450 355,782 214,982005 328,720 158,493 101,338 328,720 27,005 59,214 310 83,307 355,599 217,642006 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2007 328,029 159,388 118,739 328,336 26,496 69,497 285 93,066 354,407 228,702008 329,099 161,234 139,877 329,513 26,565 73,315 346 96,984 355,517 234,252009 332,546 165,795 167,172 332,546 25,925 75,770 346 98,756 358,342 241,342010 329,248 165,030 185,217 329,608 26,289 75,444 1,049 98,946 355,407 240,25

1 Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 2 Components are not additive because some generators are included in more than one category. 3 Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100

megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulated generating plants(independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in operating or standby status,with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 10 megawatts or greater.

NA=Not available. – =No data reported.

Note: See "Cooling Tower," "Flue Gas Desulfurization," and "PWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/elecSources: • 1985-1996—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Plant Operation and Design Report." • 1997-2005—EIA, ElecTable 3.10, and Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operforward—EIA, Electric Power Annual 2010 (November 2011), TElectric Generator Report."
Environment

Note. Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass EnergyCombustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of biomass to

produce energy are excluded from the total energy-related CO2 emissions reported in

the Annual Energy Review Section 11, but appear separately in Tables 11.1–11.2e.

According to current international convention (see the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change’s “2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”), carbon released through biomass combustion is excluded fromreported energy-related emissions. The release of carbon from biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock isgrown, resulting in zero net emissions over some period of time. (This is not tosay that biomass energy is carbon-neutral. Energy inputs are required in order togrow, fertilize, and harvest the feedstock and to produce and process the biomass

into fuels.)

However, analysts have debated whether increased use of biomass energy may resultin a decline in terrestrial carbon stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbonrather than the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reported

energy-related emissions. For example, the clearincould result in an initial release of carbon that is not use of the land for agriculture.To reflect the potential net emissions, the internatiogas inventories is to report biomass emissions in the and other land use,” usually based on estimates of net time. This indirect accounting of CO2 emissions from bi

confusion in accounting for and understanding the 

energy and non-energy systems. In recognition of 

emissions from biomass combustion alongside other 

offers an alternative accounting treatment. It is imisinterpreting emissions from fossil energy and necessarily additive. Instead, the combined total 

biomass and energy-related CO2 emissions implici

carbon emitted was previously or subsequently reabsoother emissions sources offset any such sequestration.

320 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
Using Thermal Conversion Factors

The thermal conversion factors presented in the following tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energymeasured in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For example, 10 barrels ofasphalt has a heat content of approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636million Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors) provided in this sectionrepresent the gross (or higher or upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heatcontent rates are applied in all Btu calculations for the Annual Energy Review andare commonly used in energy calculations in the United States; net (or lower) heatcontent rates are typically used in European energy calculations. The differencebetween the two rates is the amount of energy that is consumed to vaporize waterthat is created during the combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from2 percent to 10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and its hydrogen content.Some fuels, such as unseasoned wood, can be more than 40 percent different intheir gross and net heat content rates. See “Heat Content” and “British thermal unit(Btu)” in the Glossary for more information.Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factors for each hydrocarbon included in the mix.For example, in calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is weighted 1.5 times thethermal conversion factor for propane.In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented in Tables A2 throughA6 are computed from final annual data, or are from the best available data andlabeled “preliminary.” Often, the previous year’s factor is used as the preliminaryvalue until data become available to calculate the factor appropriate to the year. Thesource of each factor is described in the section entitled “Thermal ConversionFactor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6 in this appendix.

Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. S

 Sources: See “Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documen

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/1 Does not include biodiesel. See Table A3 for biodiesel hea

 2 See Table A3 for motor gasoline weighted heat contents be

contents.

Miscellaneous .............................Waxes ..................................Unfractionated Stream ........................Unfinished Oils ............................Still Gas .................................Special Naphthas ...........................Road Oil .................................Residual Fuel Oil ...........................Propane .................................Plant Condensate ...........................Petroleum Coke ............................

Still Gas ..............................Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F .........Naphtha less than 401° F ....................

Petrochemical FeedstocksPentanes Plus ..............................

Natural Gasoline ............................

Reformulated ...........................

 Oxygenated ............................

Conventional ...........................

Motor Gasoline2

Lubricants ................................Kerosene ................................Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type ........................Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type .......................Isobutane ................................Ethane-Propane Mixture (70 percent-30 percent) ........Ethane ..................................Distillate Fuel Oil 

1 ...........................

Butane-Propane Mixture (60 percent-40 percent) .......Butane ..................................Aviation Gasoline ...........................Asphalt .................................

Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleu

(Million Btu per Barrel)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Appendix A

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors
322 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Yea

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Production Imports Ex

Crude Oil 1

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids Crude Oil 1

Petroleum

Products Total Crude Oil 1

Petr

Pro

1949 5.800 4.544 5.952 6.261 6.059 5.800 51950 5.800 4.522 5.943 6.263 6.080 5.800 51955 5.800 4.406 5.924 6.234 6.040 5.800 51960 5.800 4.295 5.911 6.161 6.021 5.800 51965 5.800 4.264 5.872 6.123 5.997 5.800 51970 5.800 4.146 5.822 6.088 5.985 5.800 51975 5.800 3.984 5.821 5.935 5.858 5.800 51976 5.800 3.964 5.808 5.980 5.856 5.800 51977 5.800 3.941 5.810 5.908 5.834 5.800 51978 5.800 3.925 5.802 5.955 5.839 5.800 51979 5.800 3.955 5.810 5.811 5.810 5.800 51980 5.800 3.914 5.812 5.748 5.796 5.800 51981 5.800 3.930 5.818 5.659 5.775 5.800 51982 5.800 3.872 5.826 5.664 5.775 5.800 51983 5.800 3.839 5.825 5.677 5.774 5.800 51984 5.800 3.812 5.823 5.613 5.745 5.800 51985 5.800 3.815 5.832 5.572 5.736 5.800 51986 5.800 3.797 5.903 5.624 5.808 5.800 51987 5.800 3.804 5.901 5.599 5.820 5.800 51988 5.800 3.800 5.900 5.618 5.820 5.800 51989 5.800 3.826 5.906 5.641 5.833 5.800 51990 5.800 3.822 5.934 5.614 5.849 5.800 51991 5.800 3.807 5.948 5.636 5.873 5.800 51992 5.800 3.804 5.953 5.623 5.877 5.800 51993 5.800 3.801 5.954 5.620 5.883 5.800 51994 5.800 3.794 5.950 5.534 5.861 5.800 51995 5.800 3.796 5.938 5.483 5.855 5.800 51996 5.800 3.777 5.947 5.468 5.847 5.800 51997 5.800 3.762 5.954 5.469 5.862 5.800 51998 5.800 3.769 5.953 5.462 5.861 5.800 51999 5.800 3.744 5.942 5.421 5.840 5.800 52000 5.800 3.733 5.959 5.432 5.849 5.800 52001 5.800 3.735 5.976 5.443 5.862 5.800 52002 5.800 3.729 5.971 5.451 5.863 5.800 52003 5.800 3.739 5.970 5.438 5.857 5.800 52004 5.800 3.724 5.981 5.475 5.863 5.800 52005 5.800 3.724 5.977 5.474 5.845 5.800 52006 5.800 3.712 5.980 5.454 5.842 5.800 52007 5.800 3.701 5.985 5.503 5.862 5.800 52008 5.800 3.706 5.990 5.479 5.866 5.800 52009 5.800 3.692 5.988 5.525 5.882 5.800 52010 5.800 R3.674 5.989 R5.557 R5.894 5.800 R52011P 5.800 3.675 6.007 5.555 5.910 5.800 5

1 Includes lease condensate.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices for updated annual

conversion factors. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/

beginning in 1949.

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentati
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Yea

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Total Petroleum 1 Consumption by Sector Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Consumption 6

Motor

Gasoline

Consumption 7

Fuel

Ethanol 8

Fuel

Ethanol

Feedstock

Factor 9 B

Residential Commercial 2 

Industrial 2

Transportation 2,3 Electric Power 4,5 Total 2

1949 5.484 5.813 5.957 5.465 6.254 5.649 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1950 5.473 5.817 5.953 5.461 6.254 5.649 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1955 5.469 5.781 5.881 5.407 6.254 5.591 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1960 5.417 5.781 5.818 5.387 6.267 5.555 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1965 5.364 5.760 5.748 5.386 6.267 5.532 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1970 5.260 5.708 5.595 5.393 6.252 5.503 63.779 5.253 NA NA 1975 5.253 5.649 5.513 5.392 6.250 5.494 3.715 5.253 NA NA 1976 5.277 5.672 5.523 5.396 6.251 5.504 3.711 5.253 NA NA 1977 5.285 5.682 5.539 5.401 6.249 5.518 3.677 5.253 NA NA 1978 5.287 5.665 5.536 5.405 6.251 5.519 3.669 5.253 NA NA 1979 5.365 5.717 5.409 5.429 6.258 5.494 3.680 5.253 NA NA 1980 5.321 5.751 5.366 5.441 6.254 5.479 3.674 5.253 3.563 6.586 1981 5.283 5.693 5.299 5.433 6.258 5.448 3.643 5.253 3.563 6.562 1982 5.266 5.698 5.247 5.423 6.258 5.415 3.615 5.253 3.563 6.539 1983 5.140 5.591 5.254 5.416 6.255 5.406 3.614 5.253 3.563 6.515 1984 5.307 5.657 5.207 5.418 6.251 5.395 3.599 5.253 3.563 6.492 1985 5.263 5.598 5.199 5.423 6.247 5.387 3.603 5.253 3.563 6.469 1986 5.268 5.632 5.269 5.426 6.257 5.418 3.640 5.253 3.563 6.446 1987 5.239 5.594 5.233 5.429 6.249 5.403 3.659 5.253 3.563 6.423 1988 5.257 5.597 5.228 5.433 6.250 5.410 3.652 5.253 3.563 6.400 1989 5.194 5.549 5.219 5.438 46.240 5.410 3.683 5.253 3.563 6.377 1990 5.145 5.553 5.253 5.442 6.244 5.411 3.625 5.253 3.563 6.355 1991 5.094 5.528 5.167 5.441 6.246 5.384 3.614 5.253 3.563 6.332 1992 5.124 5.513 5.168 5.443 6.238 5.378 3.624 5.253 3.563 6.309 1993 5.102 25.505 25.178 25.436 6.230 25.379 3.606 5.253 3.563 6.287 1994 5.098 5.515 5.150 5.424 6.213 5.361 3.635 75.230 3.563 6.264 1995 5.063 5.478 5.121 5.417 6.188 5.341 3.623 5.215 3.563 6.242 1996 4.998 5.433 5.114 5.420 6.195 5.336 3.613 5.216 3.563 6.220 1997 4.989 5.391 5.120 5.416 6.199 5.336 3.616 5.213 3.563 6.198 1998 4.975 5.365 5.137 5.413 6.210 5.349 3.614 5.212 3.563 6.176 1999 4.902 5.291 5.092 5.413 6.205 5.328 3.616 5.211 3.563 6.167 2000 4.908 5.316 5.057 5.422 6.189 5.326 3.607 5.210 3.563 6.159 2001 4.937 5.325 5.142 5.412 6.199 5.345 3.614 5.210 3.563 6.151 2002 4.886 5.293 5.093 5.411 6.173 5.324 3.613 5.208 3.563 6.143 2003 4.907 5.307 5.142 5.409 6.182 5.340 3.629 5.207 3.563 6.116 2004 4.953 5.328 5.144 5.421 6.192 5.350 3.618 5.215 3.563 6.089 2005 4.916 5.364 5.178 5.427 6.188 5.365 3.620 5.218 3.563 6.063 2006 4.894 5.310 5.160 5.431 6.143 5.353 3.605 5.218 3.563 6.036 2007 4.850 5.298 5.127 5.434 6.151 5.346 3.591 5.219 3.563 6.009 2008 4.732 5.175 5.149 5.426 6.123 5.339 3.600 5.218 3.563 5.983 2009 4.691 5.266 5.018 35.414 6.105 35.301 3.558 5.218 3.563 5.957 2010 R4.692 R5.263 R4.988 R5.421 R6.084 R5.297 R3.557 5.218 3.561 R5.931 2011 E4.692 E5.261 E4.964 E5.425 P6.062 P5.291 P3.529 P5.218 P3.560 5.905 

1 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel. 

Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in each category are calculated by usingheat content values shown in Table A1. 2 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 3 Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil. 4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. 5 Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke,and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids. 6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the singleconstant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor—quantity-weighted averages of the majorcomponents of liquefied petroleum gases are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1. 7 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the singleconstant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor—quantity-weighted averages of the majorcomponents of motor gasoline, including fuel ethanol, are calculated by using heat content values shown inTable A1.

8 Includes denaturant (petroleum added to ethanol to make it undrinkable). Fuel ethanol factors are

weighted average heat contents for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu per barrel), pentanes plus usedas denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blendingcomponents used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The factor for 2009 is used as the estimated

factor for 1980–2008. 9 Corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn pe

used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of unethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) are 2.5 in 2002, and 2.764 in 2009; yields in other years are estimated. Corn is ascontent of 0.392 million Btu per bushel. Undenatured ethanol is assumed to 3.539 million Btu per barrel.

10 Soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil 

the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel. It is soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million to produce one barrel of biodiesel. Soybean oil is assumed to have a gross pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel. Biodiesel is assumed to have a gross pound, or 5.359 million Btu per barrel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation petrole

beginning in 1949 due to a change in the estimation methodology. • The heare for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#app

conversion factors. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#apbeginning in 1949.

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which 
324 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Btu per Cubic Foot)

Year

Production Consumption 1

Marketed Dry End-Use Sectors Imports 

2 Electric Power Sector 3 Total

1949 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 – – 1950 1,119 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 – – 1955 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1960 1,107 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1965 1,101 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1970 1,102 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1975 1,095 1,021 1,020 1,026 1,021 1,026 1976 1,093 1,020 1,019 1,023 1,020 1,025 1977 1,093 1,021 1,019 1,029 1,021 1,026 1978 1,088 1,019 1,016 1,034 1,019 1,030 1979 1,092 1,021 1,018 1,035 1,021 1,037 1980 1,098 1,026 1,024 1,035 1,026 1,022 1981 1,103 1,027 1,025 1,035 1,027 1,014 1982 1,107 1,028 1,026 1,036 1,028 1,018 1983 1,115 1,031 1,031 1,030 1,031 1,024 1984 1,109 1,031 1,030 1,035 1,031 1,005 1985 1,112 1,032 1,031 1,038 1,032 1,002 1986 1,110 1,030 1,029 1,034 1,030 997 1987 1,112 1,031 1,031 1,032 1,031 999 1988 1,109 1,029 1,029 1,028 1,029 1,002 1989 1,107 1,031 1,031 31,028 1,031 1,004 1990 1,105 1,029 1,030 1,027 1,029 1,012 1991 1,108 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,014 1992 1,110 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,011 1993 1,106 1,027 1,028 1,025 1,027 1,020 1994 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,022 1995 1,106 1,026 1,027 1,021 1,026 1,021 1996 1,109 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,022 1997 1,107 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,023 1998 1,109 1,031 1,033 1,024 1,031 1,023 1999 1,107 1,027 1,028 1,022 1,027 1,022 2000 1,107 1,025 1,026 1,021 1,025 1,023 2001 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,026 1,028 1,023 2002 R1,103 R1,024 R1,025 1,020 R1,024 1,022 2003 R1,103 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,025 2004 1,104 1,026 1,026 1,027 1,026 1,025 2005 1,104 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,025 2006 1,103 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,025 2007 R1,102 R1,027 R1,027 1,027 R1,027 1,025 2008 1,100 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,025 2009 1,101 1,025 1,025 1,025 1,025 1,025 2010 R1,097 R1,023 R1,023 1,022 R1,023 1,025 2011 E1,097 E1,022 E1,023 P1,021 E1,022 E1,025 

1 Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors. 3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. – – =Not applicable. 

Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "HWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/mon

conversion factors. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/abeginning in 1949.

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentatio
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2011

 (Million Btu per Short Ton)

Year

Coal 

Production 1

Waste Coal

Supplied 2

Consumption

Imports Expo

Residential

and Commercial

Sectors

Industrial Sector Electric

Power

Sector Coke Plants Other 4,5 Total 3

1949 24.916 NA 24.263 26.797 24.612 23.761 24.793 25.000 26.71950 25.090 NA 24.461 26.798 24.820 23.937 24.989 25.020 26.71955 25.201 NA 24.373 26.794 24.821 24.056 24.982 25.000 26.91960 24.906 NA 24.226 26.791 24.609 23.927 24.713 25.003 26.91965 24.775 NA 24.028 26.787 24.385 23.780 24.537 25.000 26.91970 23.842 NA 23.203 26.784 22.983 22.573 23.440 25.000 26.91975 22.897 NA 22.261 26.782 22.436 21.642 22.506 25.000 26.51976 22.855 NA 22.774 26.781 22.530 21.679 22.498 25.000 26.61977 22.597 NA 22.919 26.787 22.322 21.508 22.265 25.000 26.51978 22.248 NA 22.466 26.789 22.207 21.275 22.017 25.000 26.41979 22.454 NA 22.242 26.788 22.452 21.364 22.100 25.000 26.51980 22.415 NA 22.543 26.790 22.690 21.295 21.947 25.000 26.31981 22.308 NA 22.474 26.794 22.585 21.085 21.713 25.000 26.11982 22.239 NA 22.695 26.797 22.712 21.194 21.674 25.000 26.21983 22.052 NA 22.775 26.798 22.691 21.133 21.576 25.000 26.21984 22.010 NA 22.844 26.799 22.543 21.101 21.573 25.000 26.41985 21.870 NA 22.646 26.798 22.020 20.959 21.366 25.000 26.31986 21.913 NA 22.947 26.798 22.198 21.084 21.462 25.000 26.21987 21.922 NA 23.404 26.799 22.381 21.136 21.517 25.000 26.21988 21.823 NA 23.571 26.799 22.360 20.900 21.328 25.000 26.21989 21.765 210.391 23.650 26.800 22.347 420.898 21.307 25.000 26.11990 21.822 9.303 23.137 26.799 22.457 20.779 21.197 25.000 26.21991 21.681 10.758 23.114 26.799 22.460 20.730 21.120 25.000 26.11992 21.682 10.396 23.105 26.799 22.250 20.709 21.068 25.000 26.11993 21.418 10.638 22.994 26.800 22.123 20.677 21.010 25.000 26.31994 21.394 11.097 23.112 26.800 22.068 20.589 20.929 25.000 26.31995 21.326 11.722 23.118 26.800 21.950 20.543 20.880 25.000 26.11996 21.322 12.147 23.011 26.800 22.105 20.547 20.870 25.000 26.11997 21.296 12.158 22.494 26.800 22.172 20.518 20.830 25.000 26.21998 21.418 12.639 21.620 27.426 23.164 20.516 20.881 25.000 26.81999 21.070 12.552 23.880 27.426 22.489 20.490 20.818 25.000 26.02000 21.072 12.360 25.020 27.426 22.433 20.511 20.828 25.000 26.12001 120.772 12.169 24.909 27.426 22.622 20.337 20.671 25.000 25.92002 20.673 12.165 22.962 27.426 22.562 20.238 20.541 25.000 26.02003 20.499 12.360 22.242 27.425 22.468 20.082 20.387 25.000 25.92004 20.424 12.266 22.324 27.426 22.473 19.980 20.290 25.000 26.12005 20.348 12.093 22.342 26.279 22.178 19.988 20.246 25.000 25.42006 20.310 12.080 22.066 26.271 22.050 19.931 20.181 25.000 25.42007 20.340 12.090 22.069 26.329 22.371 19.909 20.168 25.000 25.42008 20.208 12.121 21.887 26.281 22.348 19.713 19.977 25.000 25.32009 R19.963 R12.076 22.059 26.334 21.893 19.521 19.742 25.000 25.62010 R20.173 R11.960 R21.826 26.296 R21.005 R19.623 R19.832 25.000 25.72011P 20.136 11.604 20.724 26.300 20.588 19.370 19.583 25.000 25.6

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,

and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).

2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,

bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coalincluded in "Consumption." 3 Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants. 4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for

electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and indep

5 Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, sub

coal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat ConWeb Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#ap

conversion factors. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#abeginning in 1949.

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which 
326 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-20

 (Btu per Kilowatthour)

Year

Approximate Heat Rates 1 for Electricity Net Generation

Fossil Fuels 2

Nuclear 8

Noncombustible

Renewable

Energy Coal 3 Petroleum 4 Natural Gas 5 Total Fossil Fuels 6,7 7,9

1949 NA NA NA 15,033 – – 15,033 1950 NA NA NA 14,030 – – 14,030 1955 NA NA NA 11,699 – – 11,699 1960 NA NA NA 10,760 11,629 10,760 1965 NA NA NA 10,453 11,804 10,453 1970 NA NA NA 10,494 10,977 10,494 1975 NA NA NA 10,406 11,013 10,406 1976 NA NA NA 10,373 11,047 10,373 1977 NA NA NA 10,435 10,769 10,435 1978 NA NA NA 10,361 10,941 10,361 1979 NA NA NA 10,353 10,879 10,353 1980 NA NA NA 10,388 10,908 10,388 1981 NA NA NA 10,453 11,030 10,453 1982 NA NA NA 10,454 11,073 10,454 1983 NA NA NA 10,520 10,905 10,520 1984 NA NA NA 10,440 10,843 10,440 1985 NA NA NA 10,447 10,622 10,447 1986 NA NA NA 10,446 10,579 10,446 1987 NA NA NA 10,419 10,442 10,419 1988 NA NA NA 10,324 10,602 10,324 1989 NA NA NA 10,432 10,583 10,432 1990 NA NA NA 10,402 10,582 10,402 1991 NA NA NA 10,436 10,484 10,436 1992 NA NA NA 10,342 10,471 10,342 1993 NA NA NA 10,309 10,504 10,309 1994 NA NA NA 10,316 10,452 10,316 1995 NA NA NA 10,312 10,507 10,312 1996 NA NA NA 10,340 10,503 10,340 1997 NA NA NA 10,213 10,494 10,213 1998 NA NA NA 10,197 10,491 10,197 1999 NA NA NA 10,226 10,450 10,226 2000 NA NA NA 10,201 10,429 10,201 2001 10,378 10,742 10,051 10,333 10,443 10,333 2002 10,314 10,641 9,533 10,173 10,442 10,173 2003 10,297 10,610 9,207 10,241 10,421 10,241 2004 10,331 10,571 8,647 10,022 10,427 10,022 2005 10,373 10,631 8,551 9,999 10,436 9,999 2006 10,351 10,809 8,471 9,919 10,436 9,919 2007 10,375 10,794 8,403 9,884 10,485 9,884 2008 10,378 11,015 8,305 9,854 10,453 9,854 2009 10,414 10,923 8,160 9,760 10,460 9,760 2010 10,415 10,984 8,185 R9,756 R10,452 R9,756 2011 E10,415 E10,984 E8,185 E9,756 E10,452 E9,756 

1 The values in columns 1-6 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary. 2 Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in

2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and electricity-only independent powerproducers.

3 Includes anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and, beginning in 2002, waste coal

and coal synfuel.

4 Includes distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum coke, and waste oil. 5 Includes natural gas and supplemental gaseous fuels. 6 Includes coal, petroleum, natural gas, and, beginning in 2001, other gases (blast furnace gas, propane

gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels).

7 The fossil-fuels heat rate is used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity net generation from

noncombustible renewable energy (hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind) toapproximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by these sources. Through 2000, also used as the thermal

conversion factor for wood and waste electricity net generation at electric utiliti

data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys. 8 Used as the thermal conversion factor for nuclear electricity net generation. 9 Technology-based geothermal heat rates are no longer used in Btu calcutechnology-based geothermal heat rates for 1960–2010, see the Annual Energy 

10 See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 11 The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is used as the th

electricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#append

conversion factors. • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appenbeginning in 1949.

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which foll
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum

and Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Asphalt. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) adopted the thermalconversion factor of 6.636 million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimatedby the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,1956.Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.048 million Btu

per barrel as adopted by the Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern TransmissionCorporation publication Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.

Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and Petroleum

Industry, First Issue, April 1942.Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines calculation of 4.130million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40percent propane. See Butane and Propane.

Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million Btu per barrel or equal to

the thermal conversion factor for crude oil produced in the United States. SeeCrude Oil Production.Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermalconversion factors for each type of crude oil imported weighted by the quantitiesimported. Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated on a foreigncountry basis, by determining the average American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in 1977 and

converting average API gravity to average Btu content by using National Bureau ofStandards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of PetroleumProducts, 1933.Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 millionBtu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.825 million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal

memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard AverFuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines themillion Btu per barrel as published in the CalifIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3on an assumed mixture of 70 percent ethane and 

and Propane.

Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thmillion Btu per barrel as published in the CalifIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of 5.670 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Fuel, CommEastern Transmission Corporation in the report Ccan Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of 5.355 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Fuel, Militaryern Transmission Corporation in the report CompEnergy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of histoKerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines themillion Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau 

“Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating VaJanuary 3, 1950.”Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. • 194Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveleum Products, 1956,” Table 4 footnote, constanbarrel. • 1967 forward: Calculated annually by Econversion factors for all liquefied petroleum gweighted by the quantities consumed. The compoleum gases are ethane (including ethylene), propabutane (including butylene), butane-propane mixand isobutane. For 1967–1980, quantities consumReports, “Petroleum Statement, Annual,” Table consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation
Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.065 million Btu per

barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the PetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in thePetroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.Motor Gasoline Consumption. • 1949–1993: EIA adopted the Bureau of Minesthermal conversion factor of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, MotorFuel” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix Vof Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968

release of historical and projected statistics. • 1994 forward: EIA calculatednational annual quantity-weighted average conversion factors for conventional,reformulated, and oxygenated motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor forconventional motor gasoline is 5.253 million Btu per barrel, as used for previousyears. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150million Btu per barrel, are based on data published in Environmental ProtectionAgency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003, “Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated

Gasoline.” See Fuel Ethanol (Denatured).Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced

weighted by the quantities produced.Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.620 million Btuper barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the PetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 4.620 million Btu

or equal to that for natural gasoline. See Natural Gasoline.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401° F. Assumed by EIA to be5.248 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for specialnaphthas. See Special Naphthas.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F. Assumedby EIA to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factorfor distillate fuel oil. See Distillate Fuel Oil.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to be 6.000 million Btu perbarrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for still gas. See Still Gas.

Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversi

per barrel as reported in Btu per short ton in the Buredum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average HeatiAdopted January 3, 1950.” The Bureau of Mines ca30.120 million Btu per short ton, as given in the refenal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, as Form 6-1300-M and successor EIA forms.Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Calaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe commercial sector weighted by the estimated commercial sector. The quantities of petroleum producial sector are estimated in the State Energy Data Shttp://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_pePetroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Cthe average of the thermal conversion factors for all by the electric power sector weighted by the quantpower sector. Data are from Form EIA-923, “Power predecessor forms.Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calcuaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantisector. The quantities of petroleum products consumestimated in the State Energy Data Systhttp://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_pePetroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calcaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe residential sector weighted by the estimated quantial sector. The quantities of petroleum products conare estimated in the State Energy Data Sys

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_pePetroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annuallthermal conversion factors for all petroleum producquantities consumed.Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. the average of the thermal conversion factors for all by the transportation sector weighted by the estimattransportation sector. The quantities of petroleum 

328 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
transportation sector are estimated in the State Energy Data System—see documentation at http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.

Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of thethermal conversion factors for each petroleum product exported weighted by the

quantities exported.Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of thethermal conversion factors for each petroleum product imported weighted by thequantities imported.Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel by EIA from dataprovided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.836million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.287 million Btu

per barrel as reported in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,1950.”Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 6.636million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (seeAsphalt) and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.

Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.248 million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of the totalgasoline (aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated thermal conversion factor of6.000 million Btu per barrel, first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.

Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil and each petroleum product exported weighted bythe quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products Exports.

Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of crude oil and petroleum product importedweighted by the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum Products Imports.

Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal convBtu per barrel or equal to that for distillate fuel oil 

published it in EIA’s Annual Report to Congress, V

Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermmillion Btu per barrel or equal to that for plant co

and first published it in EIA’s Annual Report to ConWaxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factoas estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first publAnnual, 1956.

Approximate Heat Conten

Biodiesel. EIA estimated the thermal conversion million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu per pound. Biodiesel Feedstock. EIA used soybean oil inp(million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel) as thinputs to the production of biodiesel. EIA assumare needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and are needed to produce one barrel of biodiesel. EIA a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per pound, or 5.4Ethanol (Undenatured). EIA adopted the themillion Btu per barrel published in “Oxygenate paper presented by William J. Piel of the ARCO CConference on Reformulated Gasolines and Clean ington, D.C., October 1991.Fuel Ethanol (Denatured). • 1981–2008: EIA forward: Calculated by EIA as the annual quantity

conversion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 plus used as denaturant (4.620 million Btu per gasoline used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu peconsumed is from EIA’s Petroleum Supply AnnuMonthly (PSM), Table 1, data for renewable fuels tion of fuel ethanol. The quantity of pentanes PSA/PSM, Table 1, data for renewable fuels and opentanes plus, multiplied by -1. The quantity of motor gasoline blending components used as denadata for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net pgasoline and motor gasoline blending components, 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
Fuel Ethanol Feedstock. EIA used corn input to the production of undenatured

ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol) as the annual factor toestimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. U.S.Department of Agriculture observed ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanolper bushel of corn) were 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and 2.764 in2009; EIA estimated the ethanol yields in other years. EIA also assumed thatcorn has a gross heat content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel.

Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas

Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA

by dividing the heat content of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector bythe quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, “Power Plant OperationsReport,” and predecessor forms.Natural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. Calculated annually by EIA bydividing the heat content of natural gas consumed by the end-use sectors(residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation) by the quantity consumed.Data are from Form EIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental GasSupply and Disposition.”Natural Gas Consumption, Total. • 1949–1962: EIA adopted the thermalconversion factor of 1,035 Btu per cubic foot as estimated by the Bureau of Minesand first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956. • 1963–1979: EIA

adopted the thermal conversion factor calculated annually by the American Gas Association (AGA) and published in Gas Facts, an AGA annual publication. • 1980forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat content of natural gasconsumed by the total quantity consumed.Natural Gas Exports. • 1949–1972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermalconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption,Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content ofnatural gas exported by the quantity exported. For 1973–1995, data are from FormFPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas.” Beginning in1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, NaturalGas Imports and Exports.Natural Gas Imports. • 1949–1972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermalconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption,Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heatcontent of natural gas imported by the quantity imported. For 1973–1995, data

are from Form FPC-14, “Annual Report for ImporGas.” Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S. DepFossil Energy, Natural Gas Imports and Exports.

Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to sion factor for dry natural gas consumed. See Natura

Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated anheat content of dry natural gas produced (see Naturnatural gas plant liquids produced (see Natural Gaby the total quantity of marketed natural gas produced

Approximate Heat Content of Co

Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the 24.800 million Btu per short ton.Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calcdividing the heat content of coal consumed by the quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-9Report,” and predecessor forms.Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plantby dividing the heat content of coal consumed by consumed. Data are from Form EIA-5, “Quarterly CReport—Coke Plants.”Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other. Cadividing the heat content of coal consumed by manufconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-3, “Quarterly CReport—Manufacturing Plants.”Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial S

EIA by dividing the heat content of coal consumed bcial sectors by the quantity consumed. Through 199“Coal Distribution Report.” Beginning in 2000, data heat-and-power (CHP) plants from Form EIA-92Report,” and predecessor forms.Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by content of coal consumed by all sectors by the total qu

330 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
Coal Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of steam

coal and metallurgical coal exported by the quantity exported. Data are from U.S.Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Monthly Report EM 545.”Coal Imports. • 1949–1963: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heatcontent of coal imported by the quantity imported. • 1963 forward: Assumed byEIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton.Coal Production. Calculated annually by EIA to balance the heat content of coalsupply (production and imports) and the heat content of coal disposition (exports,stock change, and consumption). Waste Coal Supplied. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat contentof waste coal supplied by the quantity supplied. For 1989–1997, data are fromForm EIA-867, “Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report.” For 1998–2000,data are from Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility.”For 2001 forward, data are from Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption andQuality Report—Manufacturing Plants”; Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations

Report”; and predecessor forms. 

Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity

Electricity Net Generation, Coal. 2001 forward: Calculated annually by EIA byusing fuel consumption and net generation data reported on Form EIA-923, "PowerPlant Operations Report," and predecessor forms. The computation includes data forall electric utilities and electricity-only independent power producers using anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and beginning in 2002, wastecoal and coal synfuel.Electricity Net Generation, Natural Gas. 2001 forward: Calculated annually byEIA by using fuel consumption and net generation data reported on Form EIA-923,“Power Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms. The computationincludes data for all electric utilities and electricity-only independent power producers using natural gas and supplemental gaseous fuels.

Electricity Net Generation, Noncombustible Renewable Energy. There is no

generally accepted practice for measuring the thermal conversion rates for powerplants that generate electricity from hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic,and wind energy sources. Therefore, EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the

annual average heat rate factor for fossil-fueled p

(see “Electricity Net Generation, Total Fossil Fupossible to evaluate fossil fuel requirements for repods of interruption, such as droughts.Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear. • 1957–dividing the total heat content consumed in nucl(net) electricity generated by nuclear generating tricity generation were reported on Form FERC-1tric Utilities, Licensees, and Others”; Form EIAElectric Utilities”; and predecessor forms. For 19EIA, Historical Plant Cost and Annual ProductioPlants 1982, page 215. For 1983 and 1984, the Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Exp

forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using the EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” and pElectricity Net Generation, Petroleum. 2001 

EIA by using fuel consumption and net generation “Power Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor data for all electric utilities and electricity-only indistillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, Electricity Net Generation, Total Fossil Fuels. • average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric powpublished by EIA in Thermal-Electric Plant Production Expenses—1981 and Steam-ElectriAnnual Production Expenses—1978. • 1956–19age heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric powpublished in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Pow

Table 9. • 1989–2000: Calculated annually breported on Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Geforms; and net generation data reported on Form Report.” The computation includes data for all elusing fossil fuels. • 2001 forward: Calculated consumption and net generation data reported o

Operations Report,” and predecessor forms. The electric utilities and electricity-only independent pleum, natural gas, and other gases (blast furnace gfactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
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Data presented in the Annual Energy Review and in other U.S. Energy Information Administration publications are expressed predominately in units that

historically have been used in the United States, such as British thermal units,

barrels, cubic feet, and short tons. 

The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be used to calculatethe metric-unit equivalents of values expressed in U.S. customary units. Forexample, 500 short tons are the equivalent of 453.6 metric tons (500 short tons

x 0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tons).

In the metric system of weights and measures, the nsions of any unit may be derived by combining the such as deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectively, and milli, meaning, respectively, one-tenth, one-h

Common metric prefixes can be found in Table B2.The conversion factors presented in Table B3 can be various physical units commonly used in energy anaare the equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barrels x 42 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes,

 and Other Physical Conversion Factors
334 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.cThe Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956. dTo convert degrees Fahrenheit (oF) to degrees Celsius (oC) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.

 Notes: • Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. • Most metric units belong to the 

 International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices. Sources: • General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. • U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. • American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std268-1992, pp. 28 and 29. 

 100 degrees Celsius (oC) a 212 degrees Fahrenheit (oF) 

=

 0 degrees Celsius (oC) a Temperature 32 degrees Fahrenheit (oF)

= d

3.6 megajoules (MJ) a 1 kilowatthour (kWh)

=

4.186 8 joules (J) a 1 calorie (cal)

=

1,055.055 852 62 joules (J) a 1 British thermal unit (Btu)

= c Energy

square centimeters (cm2 6.451 6 ) a 1 square inch (in

= 2

)

square meters (m2 0.092 903 04 ) a 1 square foot (ft

= 2

)

square meters (m2 1 square yard (yd

= 0.836 127 4 ) 2

)

square kilometers (km2 1 square mile (mi

= 2.589 988 ) 2

)

Area 1 acre

= 0.404 69 hectares (ha)

2.54 centimeters (cm) a 1 inch (in)

=

0.304 8 meters (m) a 1 foot (ft)

=

0.914 4 meters (m) a 1 yard (yd)

=

1.609 344 kilometers (km) a Length 1 mile (mi)

=

1 cubic inch (in

= 16.387 06 milliliters (mL) 3

)

1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)

= 29.573 53 milliliters (mL)

1 U.S. gallon (gal)

= 3.785 412 liters (L)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic foot (ft

= 0.028 316 85 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic yard (yd

= 0.764 555 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 Volume 1 barrel of oil (bbl)

= 0.158 987 3 )

1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)

= 28.349 52 grams (g)

0.384 647 kilograms uranium (kgU) b 1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8) =

0.453 592 37 kilograms (kg) a 1 pound (lb)

=

1 long ton

= 1.016 047 metric tons (t) 

Mass 1 short ton (2,000 lb)

= 0.907 184 7 metric tons (t)

Type of Unit U.S. Unit Equivalent in Metric Units

Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17

and C-21.

cubic feet (ft3 128 ) a 1 cord (cd) = 

1.25 shorts tons b Wood 1 cord (cd) = 

1,000 kilograms (kg) a 1 metric ton (t) = 

2,240 pounds (lb) a 1 long ton = 2,000 pounds (lb) a Coal 1 short ton = 

42 U.S. gallons (gal) a Petroleum 1 barrel (bbl) = 

Energy Source Original Unit Equivalent in Final Units 

Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST

Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.

 10 yocto y -24 10 yotta Y 24

 10 zepto z -21 10 zetta Z 21 10 atto a -18 10 exa E 18 10 femto f -15 10 peta P 15 10 pico p -12 10 tera T 12

 10 nano n -9 10 giga G 9

 10 micro

μ -6 10 mega M 6

 10 milli

m -3 10 kilo k 3

 10 centi c -2 10 hecto h 2 10 deci d -1 10 deka da 1

Unit Multiple Prefix Symbol Unit Subdivision Prefix Symbol

Table B2. Metric Prefixes
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U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Appendix C

Figure C1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions

Note: Map not to scale. Web Page: See www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf. 

 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the C
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U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Appendix D

Table D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1

Year

Population U.S. Gross Domestic Pro

United States 1 World

United States

as Share of World

Billion

Nominal Dollars 2

Billion

Real (2005) Dollars 3

Million People Percent 

1949 149.2 NA NA 267.2 R1,843.1 1950 152.3 2,556.5 6.0 293.7 R2,004.2 1955 165.9 2,781.2 6.0 414.7 R2,498.2 1960 180.7 3,042.4 5.9 526.4 R2,828.5 1965 194.3 R3,350.3 5.8 719.1 R3,607.0 1970 205.1 3,713.0 5.5 1,038.3 R4,266.3 1975 216.0 R4,090.6 5.3 1,637.7 R4,875.4 1976 218.0 R4,161.9 5.2 1,824.6 R5,136.9 1977 220.2 R4,233.9 5.2 2,030.1 R5,373.1 1978 222.6 R4,306.1 5.2 2,293.8 R5,672.8 1979 225.1 R4,381.1 5.1 2,562.2 R5,850.1 1980 227.2 R4,453.5 5.1 2,788.1 R5,834.0 1981 229.5 R4,536.3 5.1 3,126.8 R5,982.1 1982 231.7 R4,616.4 5.0 3,253.2 R5,865.9 1983 233.8 R4,697.6 5.0 3,534.6 R6,130.9 1984 235.8 R4,777.8 4.9 3,930.9 R6,571.5 1985 237.9 R4,859.5 4.9 4,217.5 R6,843.4 1986 240.1 R4,943.4 4.9 4,460.1 R7,080.5 1987 242.3 R5,029.9 4.8 4,736.4 R7,307.0 1988 244.5 R5,117.0 4.8 5,100.4 R7,607.4 1989 246.8 R5,203.7 4.7 5,482.1 R7,879.2 1990 249.6 R5,291.1 4.7 5,800.5 R8,027.1 1991 253.0 R5,374.1 4.7 5,992.1 R8,008.3 1992 256.5 R5,459.0 4.7 6,342.3 R8,280.0 1993 259.9 R5,541.4 4.7 6,667.4 R8,516.2 1994 263.1 R5,622.4 4.7 7,085.2 R8,863.1 1995 266.3 R5,703.5 4.7 7,414.7 R9,086.0 1996 269.4 R5,783.8 4.7 7,838.5 R9,425.8 1997 272.6 R5,862.7 4.7 8,332.4 R9,845.9 1998 275.9 R5,940.6 4.6 8,793.5 R10,274.7 1999 279.0 R6,017.9 4.6 9,353.5 R10,770.7 2000 282.2 R6,094.7 4.6 9,951.5 R11,216.4 2001 285.0 R6,171.9 4.6 10,286.2 R11,337.5 2002 R287.6 R6,249.1 4.6 10,642.3 R11,543.1 2003 R290.1 R6,325.7 4.6 R11,142.2 R11,836.4 2004 R292.8 R6,402.7 4.6 R11,853.3 R12,246.9 2005 R295.5 R6,480.0 4.6 R12,623.0 R12,623.0 2006 298.4 R6,558.1 R4.5 R13,377.2 R12,958.5 2007 R301.2 R6,636.8 R4.5 R14,028.7 R13,206.4 2008 R304.1 R6,715.2 4.5 R14,291.5 R13,161.9 2009 R306.8 R6,792.9 4.5 R13,939.0 R12,703.1 2010 R309.3 R6,868.5 4.5 R14,526.5 R13,088.0 2011 311.6 6,946.0 4.5 15,094.0 13,315.1 

1 Resident population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia estimated for July 1 of each year. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2005) dollars. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. 4 The gross domestic product implicit price deflator is used to convert nominal dollars to chained (2005)

dollars.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices for all data beginning in

1949. • For related information, see http://www.census.gov/ and http://www.bea.gov/.

Sources: U.S. Population: • 1949-1989—U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC), U.S. Bureau of the

Census, Current Population Reports Series P-25 (release date

Bureau of the Census, "Time Series of Intercensal State Popu2002). • 2000-2009—DOC, U.S. Bureau of the Census, "Intercefor the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico" (relea2011—DOC, U.S. Bureau of the Census, "Annual Estimates oStates, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico" (release date: Decemforward—DOC, U.S. Bureau of the Census, International DatabGross Domestic Product: • 1949 forward—DOC, Bureau of Product Accounts (release date: March 29, 2012), Tables 1.1.5, 1
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U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Table E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-194

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

Natural

Gas Petroleum Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Wood Total 1

1635 NA – – – – NA – – (s) (s) 1645 NA – – – – NA – – 0.001 0.001 1655 NA – – – – NA – – .002 .002 1665 NA – – – – NA – – .005 .005 1675 NA – – – – NA – – .007 .007 1685 NA – – – – NA – – .009 .009 1695 NA – – – – NA – – .014 .014 1705 NA – – – – NA – – .022 .022 1715 NA – – – – NA – – .037 .037 1725 NA – – – – NA – – .056 .056 1735 NA – – – – NA – – .080 .080 1745 NA – – – – NA – – .112 .112 1755 NA – – – – NA – – .155 .155 1765 NA – – – – NA – – .200 .200 1775 NA – – – – NA – – .249 .249 1785 NA – – – – NA – – .310 .310 1795 NA – – – – NA – – .402 .402 1805 NA – – – – NA – – .537 .537 1815 NA – – – – NA – – .714 .714 1825 NA – – – – NA – – .960 .960 1835 NA – – – – NA – – 1.305 1.305 1845 NA – – – – NA – – 1.757 1.757 1850 0.219 – – – – 0.219 – – 2.138 2.138 1855 .421 – – – – .421 – – 2.389 2.389 1860 .518 – – 0.003 .521 – – 2.641 2.641 1865 .632 – – .010 .642 – – 2.767 2.767 1870 1.048 – – .011 1.059 – – 2.893 2.893 1875 1.440 – – .011 1.451 – – 2.872 2.872 1880 2.054 – – .096 2.150 – – 2.851 2.851 1885 2.840 0.082 .040 2.962 – – 2.683 2.683 1890 4.062 .257 .156 4.475 0.022 2.515 2.537 1895 4.950 .147 .168 5.265 .090 2.306 2.396 1900 6.841 .252 .229 7.322 .250 2.015 2.265 1905 10.001 .372 .610 10.983 .386 1.843 2.229 1910 12.714 .540 1.007 14.261 .539 1.765 2.304 1915 13.294 .673 1.418 15.385 .659 1.688 2.347 1920 15.504 .813 2.676 18.993 .738 1.610 2.348 1925 14.706 1.191 4.280 20.177 .668 1.533 2.201 1930 13.639 1.932 5.897 21.468 .752 1.455 2.207 1935 10.634 1.919 5.675 18.228 .806 1.397 2.203 1940 12.535 2.665 7.760 22.960 .880 1.358 2.238 1945 15.972 3.871 10.110 29.953 1.442 11.261 2.703 

1 There is a discontinuity in the "Wood" time series between 1945 and 1949. Through 1945, data are for

fuelwood only; beginning in 1949, data are for wood and wood-derived fuels (see Table 10.1).

NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu. Notes: • For years not shown, there are no data available. • See Tables 1.3 and 10.1 for continuation

of these data series from 1949 forward. • See Note, "Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635–1945,"at end of section.

Sources: Coal, Natural Gas, and Petroleum: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII.

Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table II. Wood:

• 1635-1845: U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 641, Fuel Wood Used in the United States

1630-1930, February 1942. This source estimates fuelwood cons

converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu per decade was assigned to the fifth year of the decade on the aincrease during any given decade and the average annual valyearly consumption than use at either the beginning or end of thare plotted at 10-year intervals. • 1850-1945: Energy in the AElectricity Net Imports: Energy in the American Economy, 1850difference between hydroelectric consumption and hydroelekilowatthour.

Appendix E
Appendix E

Note: Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945. Table E1 presentsestimates of U.S. energy consumption by energy source for a period that begins acentury and a half before the original 13 colonies formed a political union andcontinues through the decades during which the United States was still expandingterritorially. The question thus arises, what exactly is meant by “U.S. consumption”of an energy source for those years when the United States did not formally exist orconsisted of less territory than is now encompassed by the 50 States and the Districtof Columbia? The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as possible) the sourcesof those documents, were reviewed carefully for clues to geographic coverage. Formost energy sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than the Nation,defined as all the official States and the District of Columbia. Estimates ormeasurements of consumption of each energy source generally appear to followsettlement patterns. That is, they were made for areas of the continent that weresettled enough to have economically significant consumption even though thoseareas were not to become States for years. The wood data series, for example,begins in 1635 and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting Georgia), as well

as Maine, Vermont, and the area that would become 

the time the series reaches 1810, the rest of the contalthough the last of the 48 States to achieve statehLikewise, the coal data series begins in 1850 but isuch as Utah and Washington (State), which weregions but had not yet attained statehood. (Note: State-level historical coal consumption. The coal da1945 describe apparent consumption, i.e., productio

The geographic coverage for coal was therefore baseStates listed in various historical issues of Minerals was consumed in States where it was not mined in sigBy energy source, the extent of coverage can be summ

coal-producing States by 1885. • Natural Gas—

District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. • Petrole

the District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. • Power—Coverage for 1890 and 1895 is uncertain, bStates and the District of Columbia. Coverage for contiguous States, and the District of Columbia. • W

and the District of Columbia by 1810.

342 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
I. Introduction

This year, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) has examined differentways to represent energy consumption in the Annual Energy Review (AER). This

examination centered on two methods for representing related aspects of energyconsumption and losses. The first is an alternative method for deriving the energycontent of noncombustible renewable resources, which has been implemented inAER 2010 (Table 1.3). The second is a new representation of delivered total energyand energy losses. This appendix provides an explanation of these alternative methods. Section IIprovides a background discussion of the alternatives and the reasons for consideringthese changes to the energy balance presentation. Section III identifies the specificchanges incorporated in AER 2010. 

II. BackgroundAlternative Approaches for Deriving Energy Contents forNoncombustible RenewablesEIA compiles data on most energy sources in physical units, such as barrels andcubic feet, in order to calculate total primary energy consumption. Beforeaggregation, EIA converts data for these energy sources to the common unit ofBritish thermal units (Btu), a measure that is based on the thermal conversion ofenergy resources to heat and power. Noncombustible renewables are resources from which energy is extracted withoutthe burning or combustion of a fuel. They include hydroelectric, geothermal, solar,and wind energy. Because power from noncombustible renewables is produced

without fuel combustion, there are no set Btu consources.In the past, EIA has represented hydroelectric, solaelectric generation as the amount of energy it woulan equivalent number of kilowatthours (kWh) of elappendix, this approach is referred to as the "fossilthe remaining noncombustible renewable resou

consumed for electricity generation has been based in converting geothermal energy to electricity. The fossil-fuel equivalency approach evolved in U.S. energy policy was reducing dependence on significant amount of electricity was generated uindicate the amount of fossil energy displaced by tfuel oil is no longer used to generate electricity international community largely uses a different conversion factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh. In additiogeothermal generation may distort the analysis generation resource. EIA also has a desire to betefficiency. For these reasons, EIA considered threthe energy contents for noncombustible renewfossil-fuel equivalency, captured energy, and incide

Fossil-Fuel Equivalency ApproachWith this approach, EIA would continue to conversion factor to hydroelectric, solar, and wind it to geothermal energy. This approach would elimgeothermal and other noncombustibles, enable 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Appendix F 

Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption

This appendix is reprinted from the Annual Energy Review 2010. EIA continues to review alternative opt

energy consumption and related losses, such as those associated with the generation and distribu
maintain the continuity of a data series with which users are familiar. However, the

fossil-fuel equivalency approach does not represent any real market quantity. Itmeasures neither primary energy consumed nor fossil fuel actually displaced.Additionally, its use will likely become increasingly problematic if renewables beginto displace other renewables instead of fossil fuels.Captured Energy ApproachWith this approach, EIA would apply the fixed factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh (the Btuvalue of electric energy generated) to measure the renewable energy consumed forelectric generation for all noncombustible renewables. Using this approach wouldeffectively count as primary energy only that noncombustible renewable energy thatis captured for economic use.EIA will use the term captured energy in referring to the energy actually "captured"by a noncombustible renewable energy system for final use. Thus, it is the netenergy available for consumption after transformation of a noncombustiblerenewable resource into a usable energy carrier (such as electricity) or energy that isdirectly used. Another way of stating it is that captured energy is the energymeasured as the "output" of the device, such as electricity from a wind turbine orsolar plant.This approach would not require EIA to make generalized assumptions regardingthe actual conversion of these resources (wind, sunshine, falling water) intoelectricity. It would move U.S. reporting standards closer to international norms,which have been vetted by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and theinternational energy statistical community through years of actual use.Additionally, this approach better shows the economically significant energytransformations in the United States because the "lost" noncombustible renewableenergy does not incur any significant economic cost (there is no market for theresource-specific energy apart from its immediate, site-specific energy conversion,

and there is no substantive opportunity cost to its continued exploitation.1) On the

other hand, this approach implies that conversion of noncombustible renewableenergy is 100-percent efficient. In other words, it implies that there is no physicalenergy loss from the conversion of noncombustible renewables to electricity. Infact, renewable energy conversion can be very inefficient (largely because of the

lack of alternative economic uses discussed above). Thus, this approach does notprovide an accurate measure of the physical consumption of energy to produceelectricity from these resources.

Incident Energy ApproachWith this approach, EIA would use actual or estimated conversion technologies to determine the Btu value of treported renewable generation. For example, rather than at a solar plant as primary energy, an empirical estimaradiation incident on the solar panel that is converted to eEIA will define "incident energy" for noncombustibgross energy that first strikes an energy conversion energy, incident energy is the mechanical, radiatio

measurable at the "input" of the device. For wincontained in the wind that passes through the rotcontained in the sunlight that strikes the panel or collthe energy contained in the water passing through the carrying water to the turbines); and, for geothermal, tfluid at the surface of the wellbore.This approach lends itself to a view of showing ttransformations in the United States. However, few cumulative input energy because of its lack of econowould be difficult to obtain accurate estimates of effburden on survey respondents. Furthermore, this apthe energy statistics community and its use would other international statistics.Table F1 shows factors that could be used to estimprimary energy collection device of a noncombusThese factors represent energy output as a percent of efficiency of renewable generation equipment is manufacturer, although this specification may differ several reasons, including: the effects of balance-oconditions that are different than conditions that the variability in operating conditions for equipment that The efficiencies shown in this table are not estimaefficiency of the technologies indicated. Rather they efficiencies that each technology may be able to acoperating within the normal operating range for that te

344 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20111 There is an initial opportunity cost when first building such a facility: the water behind a dam might inundate land with alternative uses or a 

area that could otherwise use the sunlight. But that is a “fixed” opportunity cost that does not effectively change by normal operation of the p
Table F1. Conversion Efficiencies of Noncombustible 

 Renewable Energy Sources

 (Percent)

1 Efficiencies may vary significantly for each technology based on site-specific

technology and environmental factors. Factors shown represent engineering estimates fortypical equipment under specific operational conditions. Sources: Geothermal: Estimated by EIA on the basis of an informal survey of

relevant plants. Conventional Hydroelectric: Based on published estimates for the

efficiency of large-scale hydroelectric plants. Seehttp://www.usbr.gov/power/edu/pamphlet.pdf. Solar Photovoltaic: Based on the average

rated efficiency for a sample of commercially available modules. Rated efficiency is theconversion efficiency under standard test conditions, which represents a fixed, controlledoperating point for the equipment; efficiency can vary with temperature and the strength ofincident sunlight. Rated efficiencies are based on the direct current (DC) output of themodule; since grid-tied applications require alternating current (AC) output, efficienciesare adjusted to account for a 20 percent reduction in output when converting from DC toAC. Solar Thermal Power: Estimated by dividing the rated maximum power availablefrom the generator by the power available under standard solar conditions (1,000 W/m2)from the aperture area of solar collectors. Wind: Based on the average efficiency at ratedwind speed for a sample of commercially available wind turbines. The rated wind speed isthe minimum wind speed at which a turbine achieves its nameplate rated output understandard atmospheric conditions. Efficiency is calculated by dividing the nameplate ratedpower by the power available from the wind stream intercepted by the rotor disc at therated wind speed.

Wind 26

Solar Thermal Power 21

Solar Photovoltaic 12

Conventional Hydroelectric 90

Geothermal 16

Notional Efficiency1 Source

ConclusionAfter review of the three options, EIA has elected to follow a hybrid of the first twoapproaches for the AER 2010. The primary energy value of noncombustiblerenewables consumed for electricity generation will be measured using thefossil-fuel equivalent factor. However, this value will be reported as the sum ofcaptured energy and an "Adjustment for Fossil Fuel Equivalence," which is thedifference between the fossil-fuel equivalent value and the value obtained using the3,412 Btu/kWh factor. This adjustment value represents the energy loss that wouldhave been incurred if the electricity had been generated by fossil fuels. For solarand geothermal energy used directly, EIA will continue to use the factors currentlyemployed.

This method will not cause a change to total primasolar, or wind energy, but it will allow users to eenergy consumption from the imputed displacemenprovide backward compatibility for data users acallow for easier analysis of certain energy efficieseparate reporting of captured energy will alinternational data sets. For geothermal energy consumed to generate electrand historical values using the fossil-fuel equivale

change the following values presented in the AER of total energy (Tables 1.1 and 1.3); the consumpgeneration (Tables 8.4a and b); and the consumpt10.1 and 10.2c). 

New Representation of Delivered Total Ener

The examination of heat rates for noncombustiblalternative methods of accounting for final energy Final energy consumption differs from primary represents the amount (in terms of Btu) of energform, by an end user. For example, primary energy the heat content in the coal consumed, while final only the heat content of any coal consumed in its oof any products transformed from coal, such as elecEIA analyzed energy transformation in the Unitprocesses, some useful energy is lost in achieving form to another. The most significant losses, bgenerated from primary energy resources. Figure of accounting for energy consumption, based on energy. In the AER 2010, as in previous AERs, the electenergy-consuming sector. For each of the end-use industrial, and transportation – total energy consumenergy source consumed plus electricity retail salosses. Electrical system energy losses include tranfor fossil fuel equivalence (as discussed above)transmission and distribution losses, and unaccoallocated to the end-use demand sectors in proportelectricity sales.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
In the alternative representation (Figure F1), the electric power sector is not treated

as an energy-consuming sector but as a sector that transforms and redistributesenergy to final users. In order to better represent the amount of energy actuallyconsumed by the final user, this method eliminates the allocation of electrical systemenergy losses to consuming sectors. Electricity retail sales to each sector, asreported by energy service providers, continue to be viewed as end-useconsumption and, thus, are included in Delivered Total Energy. In Figure F1,delivered total energy represents the gross energy that enters an end-use facility(home, business, factory, and so forth). In some cases, there are conversion ortransformation processes within the facility that create additional losses before thefinal consumption of the energy, so that the net energy consumed for usefulapplication will be less than shown in the figure. For example, natural gas furnacestypically lose some amount of heat in the chimney, energy which then does not gotoward heating the building. Table F2 provides a comparison of Primary Energy Consumption and DeliveredTotal Energy by energy-use sector. Sources for Primary Energy Consumption bysector are AER Tables 5.14, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, and 10.2. Data from those tables areconverted from physical units to Btu using heat contents given in Appendix A.Sources for Delivered Total Energy are AER Tables 2.1 b through e. III. Changes to the AER 2010The major change to AER 2010 is the modification of Table 1.3 to incorporate thenew treatment of noncombustible renewable energy consumption. The value ofgeothermal energy consumption and, consequently, total primary energyconsumption is slightly lower than previously published for all years due to the useof a new geothermal conversion factor (the fossil-fuels heat rate from Table A6).See Section II of this appendix for further explanation. The sum of hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, and wind primary consumption is nowshown as total primary energy consumption for noncombustible renewables. Thattotal includes: geothermal heat pump and direct use of geothermal energy; solarthermal direct use energy; and noncombustible resources that are transformed intoelectricity. Noncombustible resources transformed into electricity are equal toelectricity generation from all noncombustible renewables converted to Btu usingthe fossil-fuels heat rate. Direct final consumption of geothermal and solar energy isobtained from AER Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.

Total primary consumption for noncombustible reneenergy (or energy produced) and the "adjustment for total primary consumption, captured energy includedirect use of geothermal energy; solar thermnoncombustible resources that are transformed into elgeneration for all noncombustible renewables is concontent of electricity, 3,412 Btu per kWh. The "adjustment for fossil fuel equivalence" is equal primary consumption of noncombustibles in Btu (caheat rate) and captured energy. There is no adjustmassociated with direct consumption of geothermal and In order to prevent any inconsistency between data p1.3 and the AER Section 10, "Renewable Energy,individual noncombustible renewables (hydroelectriconly. In the AER 2010, total primary energnoncombustible renewables can be found in Table 10noncombustible renewable consumption componentprovided in Table F3. Table F3 shows the componenadjustment for fossil fuel equivalence (regarded as source, for 2010. The columns labeled "Transformed energy value of electricity generated from each type resource. These values are calculated by multiplying 3,412 Btu/kWh. For each noncombustible renewable, the adjustment calculated as the difference between the fossil fuel generated and the value of “Transformed into Electri

consumption is the heat either captured and used diresources or extracted by ground-source heat pump. Va10.2b. Solar/PV direct consumption includes solar tthe residential and electric power sectors. These val10.2c. Captured energy is equal to energy "tranconventional hydroelectricity and wind. For geothenergy equals the sum of direct consumption and ener

346 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20112 The fossil fuel equivalent value of electricity generated is equal to electricity in kWh times the average heat content of the fossil fuel mix act

electricity for a given year. 
Figure F1. Primary Energy Consumption and Delivered Total E

(Quadrillion Btu)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Primary Energy Consumption

by Source1

Delivered Total E

by Sector8

1 Includes electricity net imports, not shown separately.2 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum–biofuels are

included in “Renewable Energy.”

3 Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.4 Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.5 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass.6 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business

is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

7 Calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. See Note, “Electrical System Energy Losses,”at end of Section 2.

8 Includes transformation losses other than electrical syste

example, see notes 9 and 10 on this page.

9 Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and 

plants.

10 Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) a

electricity-only plants.

Note: Sum of components may not equal total due to indepSources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual E

1.3, 2.1b-f, 10.3, and 10.4.
1 Includes Adjustment for Fossil Fuel Equivalence. See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 

2 Includes electricity sales to each sector in addition to Primary Energy consumed in the sector.3 Small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial sector consumption. Includes net imports of supplemental liquids an4 Calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. 

6,841 4,175 19,984 27,425 39,579 98,004 11,791 8,711 23,267 27,451 71,220 

Total

Transportation Indust- rial Commer- cial Residen- tial Electric Total Power Transporta- tion3 Indus- trial3 Commer- cial Residen- tial 

Delivered Total Energy2 Primary Energy Consumption1

Year2010Table F2. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2010

 (Quadrillion Btu)

1 Excludes pumped storage.2 Geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal heat used to generate electricity.3 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.4 Equals generation in kilowatthours (kWh) multiplied by the energy conversion factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh.5 Equal to the difference between the fossil fuel-equivalent value of electricity and the energy content of the final consumed electricity. The fossil fuel-equiva

generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the average heat rate of fossil-fueled plants. The energy content of final consumed electricity equals generation in kilowatconversion factor of 3,412 Btu/KWh. 

6 Equal to generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the average heat rate of fossil-fueled plants. 7 Reported Btu of geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.8 Includes direct consumption of resources and resources transformed to electricity. Resources transformed to electricity are equal to generation in kilowatthours (k

heat rate of fossil-fueled plants. 

9 Residential sector direct use of solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the average heat rate of fossil-fueled plants).

877 1,632 2,509 60 53 99 212 97 4 8 109 323 

Transformed

into

 Electricity4

Total

Primary

Energy8

Adjustment

for 

Fossil

Fuel

Equivalence5

Transformed

into

 Electricity4

Direct

Consumption9

Total

Primary

Energy8

Adjustment

 for 

Fossil 

Fuel

Equivalence5

Transformed

into

 Electricity4

Direct

Consumption7

Total

Primary

Energy6

Adjustment

 for

 Fossil

 Fuel

Equivalence5

Transformed

into

 Electricity4

Solar/PV 

Geothermal2 3

Conventional Hydroelectric

Power1

Noncombustible Renewables

Year

2010

Table F3. Noncombustible Renewable Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2010 (Trillion Btu)

348 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary in chain length and are

composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group: CH3-(CH2)n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.

Alternative Fuel: Alternative fuels, for transportation applications, include thefollowing: methanol; denatured ethanol, and other alcohols; fuel mixtures containing 85 percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols with motor gasoline or other fuels; natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas

(propane); hydrogen; coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol) derived

from biological materials (biofuels such as soy diesel fuel); electricity (includingelectricity from solar energy); and "... any other fuel the Secretary determines, byrule, is substantially not petroleum and would yield substantial energy security

benefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" doesnot include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily petroleum-based fuelsused as oxygenates or extenders, i.e. MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the10-percent ethanol portion of gasohol.

Alternative-Fuel Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to operate on an alternative

fuel (e.g., compressed natural gas, methane blend, or electricity). The vehicle

could be either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusively on alternativefuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel. Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as

hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage ofvolatile matter. The moisture content of fresh-mined anthracite generally is lessthan 15 percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28 million Btuper short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of anthraciteconsumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on theas-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980’s, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for steamelectric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million Btuper short ton or less. See Coal Rank. Anthracite Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants,consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sizedcoal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heatvalue ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton.

Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human oterm is used in the context of global climate chanthat are the result of human activities, as well as 

activities, such as deforestation.

API: The American Petroleum Institute, a trade asAPI Gravity: American Petroleum Institute mea

oil or condensate in degrees. An arbitrary scale exliquid petroleum products. The measuring scale 

API; it is calculated as follows: Degrees API = (131.5.Asphalt: A dark-brown to black cement-like mate

essing and containing bitumens as the predominaroad construction. It includes crude asphalt as weucts: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of empetroleum distillates blended with asphalt to m

conversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per shoASTM: The American Society for Testing and MaAviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naph

ing or compounding into finished aviation gaso

alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene)ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxyghydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixturbons with or without small quantities of additivefor use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel speSpecification D910 and Military Specification MI

ing components are not counted in data on finished 

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type; and Jet Fuel, Naphtha

Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 Barrels per Calendar Day: The amount of inpprocess under usual operating conditions. The acapacity during a 24-hour period and reduces the m

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 

Glossary
all units at the facility under continuous operation to account for the following limitations that may delay, interrupt, or slow down production: 1) the capability of

downstream processing units to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities of a given refinery (no reduction is necessary for intermediate streams that

are distributed to other than downstream facilities as part of a refinery’s normaloperation); 2) the types and grades of inputs to be processed; 3) the types andgrades of products expected to be manufactured; 4) the environmental constraintsassociated with refinery operations; 5) the reduction of capacity for scheduleddowntime due to such conditions as routine inspection, maintenance, repairs, andturnaround; and 6) the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime due to

such conditions as mechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.

Base Gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintainadequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability ratesthroughout the withdrawal season. All native gas is included in the base gas

volume.

Biodiesel: A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or other vegetable oils;animal fats; and recycled grease. It can serve as a substitute for petroleum-derived

diesel fuel or distillate fuel oil. For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived fromvegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements ofASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751.Biofuels: Liquid fuels and blending components produced from biomass (plant)feedstocks, used primarily for transportation. See Biodiesel and Fuel Ethanol.Biogenic: Produced by biological processes of living organisms. Note: EIA uses theterm “biogenic” to refer only to organic nonfossil material of biological origin.Biomass: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin constituting a renewable

energy source. See Biodiesel, Biofuels, Biomass Waste, Fuel Ethanol, and Wood

and Wood-Derived Fuels.Biomass Waste: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product. “Biomass waste” includes municipal solid waste frombiogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural crop byproducts, straw,

and other biomass solids, liquids, and gases; but excludes wood and woodderived fuels (including black liquor), biofuels feedstock, biodiesel, and fuel

ethanol. Note: EIA “biomass waste” data also include energy crops grown

specifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute waste.

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often

with well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in

steam-electric power generation, with substantial qupower applications in manufacturing and making most abundant coal in active U.S. mining regions. Iless than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminomillion Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matteof bituminous coal consumed in the United States short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containin

mineral matter). See Coal Rank.

Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production that can be used as a source of energy. Alkaline spedigesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. "black" liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnacertain basic chemicals.Breeze: The fine screenings from crushed coke. Usu

1/2-inch or 3/4-inch screen opening. It is most ofteprocess of agglomerating iron ore.British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat reof 1 pound of liquid water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees Fahr

Btu: See British Thermal Unit.

Btu Conversion Factor: A factor for converting en

measurement and British thermal units (Btu). Btu c

used to convert energy data from physical units of m

feet, or short tons) into the energy-equivale

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html for furthsion factors.)Bunker Fuels: Fuel supplied to ships and aircrafconsisting primarily of residual fuel oil and dist

kerosene-type jet fuel for aircraft. The term “interto denote the consumption of fuel for international the purposes of greenhouse gas emissions invento

combustion of international bunker fuels are subtra

totals. Historically, bunker fuels have meant only sh

Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or b

(C4H10) extracted from natural gas or refinery gas 

and normal butane and is designated in ASTM S

Processors Association Specifications for commerci

350 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 10.9 degrees Fahrenheit. It

is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is acolorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.

Butylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8) recovered from refinery processes.

Capacity: See Generator Capacity.

Capacity Factor: See Generator Capacity Factor.

Captured Energy: The net energy available for consumption after transformation ofa noncombustible renewable resource into electricity and noncombustible renewableenergy that is directly used. For example, it is the energy measured at the “output” of aconversion device, such as electricity from a wind turbine or solar plant.Captive Coal: Coal produced to satisfy the needs of the mine owner, or of a parent,subsidiary, or other affiliate of the mine owner (for example, steel companies andelectricity generators), rather than for open market sale. See Open Market Coal.

Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless, non-poisonous gas (CO2) that is a normal

part of Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as

well as other processes. It is considered a greenhouse gas as it traps heat (infraredenergy) radiated by the Earth into the atmosphere and thereby contributes to thepotential for global warming. The global warming potential (GWP) of othergreenhouse gases is measured in relation to that of carbon dioxide, which by international scientific convention is assigned a value of one (1).Carbon Dioxide Equivalent: The amount of carbon dioxide by weight emittedinto the atmosphere that would produce the same estimated radiative forcing as agiven weight of another radiatively active gas. Carbon dioxide equivalents arecomputed by multiplying the weight of the gas being measured (for example,methane) by its estimated global warming potential (which is 21 for methane).“Carbon equivalent units” are defined as carbon dioxide equivalents multiplied bythe carbon content of carbon dioxide (i.e., 12/44).Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices. Real prices are those

that have been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing powerof the dollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year. Priorto 1996, real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on theweights of goods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the

U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the cmeasure is based on the average weights of goodof years. It is “chained” because the second yeabecomes the first year of the next pair. The advameasure is that it is more closely related to any givsubject to less distortion over time.Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Any of various chydrogen, chlorine, and flourine used as refrigeraharmful to the Earth’s atmosphere. Citygate: A point or measuring station at which gas from a natural gas pipeline company or transm

Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forespecially to significant change from one prevailiIn some cases, “climate change” has been used synwarming”; scientists, however, tend to use the tnatural changes in climate as well as climatic cooliCoal: A readily combustible black or brownishincluding inherent moisture, consists of more more than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceplant remains that have been compacted, hardene

morphosed by heat and pressure over geologic tim

Coalbed methane: Methane is generated during 

in the coal microstructure. Typical recovery entato allow the gas to escape. Methane is the prinCoalbed methane can be added to natural gas 

treatment.

Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.Coal Rank: The classification of coals accordin

alteration from lignite to anthracite. In the United include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminoubased on fixed carbon, volatile matter, heating valuproperties.Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in sto

tion. Note: When coal data are collected for a paquarter, or year), coal stocks are commonly me

period.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
Coal Synfuel: Coal-based solid fuel that has been processed by a coal synfuel

plant; and coal-based fuels such as briquettes, pellets, or extrusions, which areformed from fresh or recycled coal and binding materials.Coal Synfuel Plant: A plant engaged in the chemical transformation of coal into

coal synfuel.Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in anoven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so that the fixed carbonand residual ash are fused together. Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent insmelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is gray, hard, and porous andhas a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per short ton.

Coke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon content and low in hydrogen that is thefinal product of thermal decomposition in the condensation process in cracking. Thisproduct is reported as marketable coke or catalyst coke. The conversion is 5 barrels(of 42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton. Coke from petroleum has a heating value

of 6.024 million Btu per barrel. 

Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plant designed to produce both heat

and electricity from a single heat source. Note: This term is being used in place

of the term “cogenerator” that was used by EIA in the past. CHP better describesthe facilities because some of the plants included do not produce heat and powerin a sequential fashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definition of cogeneration specified in the Public Utility Regulatory Polices Act (PURPA). SeeElectricity-Only Plant.Commercial Building: A building with more than 50 percent of its floorspace used

for commercial activities. Commercial buildings include, but are not limited to,stores, offices, schools, churches, gymnasiums, libraries, museums, hospitals,clinics, warehouses, and jails. Government buildings are included, except buildingson military bases or reservations.Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of service-providing

facilities and equipment of: businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; and

other private and public organizations, such as religious, social, or fraternal groups.The commercial sector includes institutional living quarters. It also includes sewagetreatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated with this sector include space

heating, water heating, air conditioning,lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running awide variety of other equipment. Note: This sector includes generators that produce

electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the activities of the

above-mentioned commercial establishments. Various EIA programs differ in sectoral

coverage—for more information see

http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebc

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production): lation of permanent equipment for the production o

a well is equipped to produce only crude oil or nreservoir, the definition of a “well” (classified as a well) and the definition of a “completion” are ideequipped to produce crude oil and/or natural gas s

reservoir, a “well” is not synonymous with a “comp

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): Natural gas c

above 200-248 bar (i.e., 2900-3600 pounds per squpressure containers. It is used as a fuel for natural gas-Conventional Hydroelectric Power: See Hydroelec

Conventional Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline

Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data betand another (such as between short tons and Britibarrels and gallons). (See http://www.eia.gov/http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_b.html for furfactors.) See Btu Conversion Factor and Thermal Con

Cooling Tower: A common type of environmental 

power plants used to transfer heat, produced by buCooling towers are installed where there is insufficiwhere waste heat discharged into cooling water would Criteria Pollutant: A pollutant determined to be hregulated under the Environmental Protection AgenAir Quality Standards. The 1970 amendments to the describe the health and welfare impacts of a pollutanin the regulatory regime.Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exis

underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atming through surface separating facilities. Dependinthe crude stream, it may also include: 1) small aexist in gaseous phase in natural underground atmospheric pressure after being recovered from lease separators and are subsequently commingled out being separately measured. Lease condensate 

352 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
natural gas wells in lease or field separation facilities and later mixed into

the crude stream is also included; 2) small amounts of nonhydrocarbonsproduced with the oil, such as sulfur and various metals; and 3) drip gases, andliquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are excluded. Crude oil isrefined to produce a wide array of petroleum products, including heating oils;

gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane, propane, and

butane; and many other products used for their energy or chemical content.

Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price: The price for domestic crude oil

reported by the company that owns the crude oil the first time it is removed from thelease boundary.Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at the port of discharge, including charges associated with purchasing, transporting, and insuring a cargo from

the purchase point to the port of discharge. The cost does not include chargesincurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and

demurrage). 

Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost: The cost of crude oil to the refiner,

including transportation and other fees. The composite cost is the weightedaverage of domestic and imported crude oil costs. The refiner acquisition costdoes not include the cost of crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum

Reserve.

Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil put into processing units at refineries.

Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, inpetroleum pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on leases.Crude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as fuel by petroleum pipelines

and on crude oil leases.Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the production of crude oil from one ormore crude oil zones or reservoirs. Wells producing both crude oil and natural gasare classified as crude oil wells.Cubic Foot (Natural Gas) The amount of natural gas contained at standard

temperature and pressure (60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds standard persquare inch) in a cube whose edges are one foot long.Degree-Day Normal: Simple arithmetic averages of monthly or annual degree-days

over a long period of time (usually the 30-year period 1971–2000). The averages maybe simple degree-day normals or population-weighted degree-day normals.

Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of period of time relative to a base temperature, mdegrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for temperature (65 degrees) from the average temperatures, with negative values set equal to zdays are summed to create a cooling degree-day mperiod. Cooling degree-days are used in energy 

conditioning energy requirements or use.

Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of period of time relative to a base temperature, mdegrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed average of the day’s high and low temperatures degrees), with negative values set equal to zero. are summed to create a heating degree-day meperiod. Heating degree-days are used in energy 

heating energy requirements or use.

Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating o

by the population of the area in which the degreeState population-weighted degree-days, each Stnine climatically homogeneous divisions, which the ratio of the population of the division to thDegree-day readings for each division are mpopulation weight for each division and those arrive at the State population-weighted degree-dpopulation-weighted degree-days, the Nation regions, each comprising from three to eight Stabased on the ratio of the population of the regioNation. Degree-day readings for each region aring population weight for each region and thos

arrive at the national population-weighted degree

Demand-Side Management: The planning, imelectric utility activities designed to encourage electricity usage, including the timing and level of 

Demonstrated Reserve Base (Coal): A collect

both measured and indicated resource categoriepercent of the in-place coal in those categories aof bituminous coal and anthracite 28 or more in

minous coal 60 or more inches thick that can occfeet. Includes beds of lignite 60 or more inches 

Includes also thinner and/or deeper beds that c

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
which there is evidence that they could be mined commercially at a given time.

Represents that portion of the identified coal resource from which reserves are

calculated.

Denaturant: Petroleum, typically pentanes plus or conventional motor gasoline,

added to fuel ethanol to make it unfit for human consumption. Fuel ethanol is denatured, usually prior to transport from the ethanol production facility, by adding 2 to 5volume percent denaturant. See Fuel Ethanol and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.

Development Well: A well drilled within the proved area of a crude oil or natural

gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel oils obtained in petroleum refining

operation or blends of such distillate fuel oils with residual fuel oil used in motor

vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for diesel fuels than forgasoline.Direct Use: Use of electricity that 1) is self-generated, 2) is produced by either thesame entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) is used in direct support ofa service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities thathouse the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of the petroleum fractionsproduced in conventional distillation operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel

oils. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in on-highwaydiesel engines, such as those found in cars and trucks, as well as off-highwayengines, such as those in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Productsknown as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used primarily for space heating andelectricity generation.

Distillation Unit (Atmospheric): The primary distillation unit that processescrude oil (including mixtures of other hydrocarbons) at approximately atmospheric conditions. It includes a pipe still for vaporizing the crude oil and a fractionation tower for separating the vaporized hydrocarbon components in the

crude oil into fractions with different boiling ranges. This is done by continuously vaporizing and condensing the components to separate higher boiling pointmaterial. The selected boiling ranges are set by the processing scheme, the properties of the crude oil, and the product specifications.District Heat: Steam or hot water from an outside source used as an energysource in a building. The steam or hot water is produced in a central plant and ispiped into the building. District heat may be purchased from a utility or providedby a physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same facility (for

example, a hospital complex or university).

Dry Hole: An exploratory well or development 

producing either crude oil or natural gas in sufficie

tion as a crude oil well or natural gas well.

Dry Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Dry.

Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas (DrE85: A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent et

gasoline.Electric Energy: The ability of an electric current tother forms of energy. It is measured in kilowatthou

Electric Non-Utility: Any entity that generates, trasells or trades electricity services and products, whand recovered by regulatory authority. Examples of not limited to, independent power producers, pow(both wholesale and retail), merchant transmissgeneration entities, and cogeneration firms with Q

Electric Utility. 

Electric Power Grid: A system of synchronized pconnected by transmission and distribution lines acontrol centers. In the continental United States, the three systems: the Eastern Interconnect, the WesterInterconnect. In Alaska and Hawaii, several systems the State (e.g., the interconnect serving Anchorage, Fsula; and individual islands).Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime mauxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemelectric energy.Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sectonly and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plan

American Industry Classification System) 22 categis to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to tincludes electric utilities and independent power 

Sectors.

Electric Utility: Any entity that generates, transm

and recovers the cost of its generation, transmissi

354 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
operations, either directly or indirectly, through cost-based rates set by a separate

regulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service Commission), or is owned by agovernmental unit or the consumers that the entity serves. Examples of theseentities include: investor-owned entities, public power districts, public utilitydistricts, municipalities, rural electric cooperatives, and State and Federal agencies. Electric utilities may have Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approvalfor interconnection agreements and wholesale trade tariffs covering either costof-service and/or market-based rates under the authority of the Federal Power

Act. See Electric Non-Utility.

Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of energy lost during generation,

transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses.Electricity: A form of energy characterized by the presence and motion of elementary charged particles generated by friction, induction, or chemical change.

Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric energy, or the amount

of electric energy produced by transforming other forms of energy; commonlyexpressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh). See ElectricityGeneration, Gross and Electricity Generation, Net.Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric energy produced bygenerating units and measured at the generating terminal.Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gross electricity generation less

station use (the electric energy consumed at the generating station(s) for station

service or auxiliaries). Note: Electricity required for pumping at hydroelectric

pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for station service and is deductedfrom gross generation.Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity sold by electric utilities and

other energy service providers to customers purchasing electricity for their own

use and not for resale.Emissions: Anthropogenic releases of gases to the atmosphere. In the context of

global climate change, they consist of radiatively important greenhouse gases

(e.g., the release of carbon dioxide during fuel combustion).

End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation

sectors of the economy. See Energy-Use Sectors. Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doingwork (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic

energy). Energy has several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can

be changed to another form useful for work. Menergy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to 

a transfer medium to mechanical or other meanElectric energy is usually measured in kilow

usually measured in British thermal units.

Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a 

input in the manufacturing process.Energy Expenditures: The money spent direenergy. Expenditures equal the amount of energy price per unit paid by the consumer.Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that puse customer.Energy Source: Any substance or natural phenotransformed to supply heat or power. Examples i

gas, nuclear, wood, waste, electricity, wind, geo

water movement, and hydrogen in fuel cells.

Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major eneU.S. society developed to measure and analyzcommonly referred to in EIA are: residential, 

portation, and electric power.

Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydr

paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -1extracted from natural gas and refinery gas streamEther: The family name applied to a group composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, an

oxygen atom attached to two carbon atoms (for ether).Ethanol (C2H5OH): A clear, colorless, flamma

produced biologically from biomass feedstocks su

losic residues from agricultural crops or wood. chemically from ethylene. See Biomass, Fuel E

Denaturant.Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE): A colorlescarbon blend stock, (CH3)3COC2H5, formed b

isobutylene with ethanol. See Oxygenates.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes. Ethylene is used as a petrochemical feedstock for numerous

chemical applications and the production of consumer goods.Eurasia: The physical land mass containing the continents of Europe and Asia. ForU.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it includes the former parts of theUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia,Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.Exploratory Well: A well drilled to find and produce crude oil or natural gas in

an area previously considered unproductive, to find a new reservoir in a known field(i.e., one previously producing crude oil or natural gas in another reservoir), or toextend the limit of a known crude oil or natural gas reservoir.Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 States and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.Extraction Loss: The reduction in volume of natural gas due to the removal of

natural gas liquid constituents such as ethane, propane, and butane at natural gas

processing plants.Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor of the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, petroleum pipeline rates, and natural gas pipeline certification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency within the U.S. Department of

Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor agency of the Federal

Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission was created byan Act of Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It wascharged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. It

was abolished on September 30, 1977, when the U.S. Department of Energy wascreated. Its functions were divided between the U.S. Department of Energy and theFederal Energy Regulatory Commission, an independent regulatory agency.Financial Reporting System (FRS): The U.S. Energy Information Administration’sstatutory requirement to identify major energy-producing companies and develop and

implement a data-reporting program for energy financial and operating information

from these companies. Companies are selected if they owned U.S. crude oil producers that have at least 1 

reserves of crude oil, natural gas, coal, or uranium in of either refining capacity or petroleum product saleFinished Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Fin

First Purchase Price: See Crude Oil Domestic FirsFirst Use: Manufacturing establishments’ consum

originally produced offsite or was produced onsite ffied as energy.Fiscal Year: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the ce.g., fiscal year 2002 began on October 1, 2001, and eFlared Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Flared. Flue Gas Desulfurization: Equipment used to recombustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to to as scrubbers. Chemicals such as lime are used as scF.O.B.: See Free on Board.Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in various 

specified period, includes (1) the deepest total depth wells drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypa

tion with reported wells, and (3) all new footage dwells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack welthe common bore, which is reported as footage for th

old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is thatotal depth of the old well.Former U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Rep

Forward Costs (Uranium): The operating and capitany future production of uranium from in-place relabor, materials, power and fuel, royalties, payroll taxadministrative costs that are dependent upon the quapplicable as variable costs of production. Excluded expenditures, if any, incurred for property acquisitioment, and mill construction, as well as income taxes, 

356 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
Note: By use of forward costing, estimates of reserves for uranium ore deposits in

differing geological settings can be aggregated and reported as the maximumamount that can theoretically be extracted to recover the specified costs of uraniumoxide production under the listed forward cost categories.

Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earth’s crust from decayed organic

material, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power plant in which the

prime mover is a turbine rotated by high-pressure steam produced in a boiler byheat from burning fossil fuels.

Fractionation: The process by which saturated hydrocarbons are removed from

natural gas and separated into distinct parts, or “fractions” such as propane,

butane, and ethane.Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.): The value of a commodity at the port ofexportation, generally including the purchase price plus all charges incurred in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the port of exportation.Free on Board (F.O.B.): A sales transaction in which the seller makes the productavailable for pick up at a specified port or terminal at a specified price and the buyerpays for the subsequent transportation and insurance.Free on Board (F.O.B.) Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of coal at thepoint of first sale. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance costs.Fuel Ethanol: Ethanol intended for fuel use. Fuel ethanol in the United States

must be anhydrous (less than 1 percent water). Fuel ethanol is denatured (madeunfit for human consumption), usually prior to transport from the ethanolproduction facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent petroleum, typically pentanes plus or conventional motor gasoline. Fuel ethanol is used

principally for blending in low concentrations with motor gasoline as anoxygenate or octane enhancer. In high concentrations, it is used to fuelalternative-fuel vehicles specially designed for its use. See Alternative-Fuel

Vehicle, Denaturant, E85, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant, andOxygenates.Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant: An unobserved quantity of anhydrous,biomass-derived, undenatured ethanol for fuel use. The quantity is obtained bysubtracting the estimated denaturant volume from fuel ethanol volume. Fuel

ethanol minus denaturant is counted as renewable energy, while denaturant is

counted as nonrenewable fuel. See Denatu

Nonrenewable Fuels, Oxygenates, and RenewabFull-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear gits design capacity. Full-power operation precedes Gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline co

nol but sometimes methanol) at a concentration beby volume. See Oxygenates. 

Generating Unit: Any combination of physically 

boilers, combustion turbines, or other prime mov

electric power.Generator: A machine that converts mechanical e

Generator Capacity: The maximum output, com(MW), that generating equipment can supply to sconditions. See Generator Nameplate (InstalledSummer Capacity. Generator Capacity Factor: The ratio of the 

generating unit for a given period of time to thbeen produced at continuous full-power operation Generator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity: Tgenerator, prime mover, or other electric powspecific conditions designated by the manufacturcapacity is commonly expressed in megawatts (Mnameplate physically attached to the generator.Generator Net Summer Capacity: The maximumegawatts (MW), that generating equipment can strated by a multi-hour test, at the time of summethrough September 30). This output reflects a reduuse for station service or auxiliaries.Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extract

the Earth’s crust and used for geothermal heat pu

generation.Global Warming: An increase in the near-su

Global warming has occurred in the distant past a

but the term is today most often used to refer 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
predict will occur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse

gases. See Climate Change.

Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing

that would result from the emission of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that

from the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time, such as

100 years.Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous

oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and

sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave) radiation butopaque to long-wave radiation, thus preventing long-wave radiant energy fromleaving the Earth’s atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of absorbed radiationand a tendency to warm the planet’s surface.Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of goods and services producedby labor and property located in the United States. As long as the labor andproperty are located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the workers and,for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreigncountries.Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price Deflator: A measure used toconvert nominal prices to real prices. See Chained Dollars.

Gross Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Gross. Gross Withdrawals: See Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals.

Gross Input to Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Units: Total input to atmospheric crude oil distillation units. Includes all crude oil, lease condensate, natural

gas plant liquids, unfinished oils, liquefied refinery gases, slop oils, and other

liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.

Heat Content: The amount of heat energy available to be released by the transformation or use of a specified physical unit of an energy form (e.g., a short ton ofcoal, a barrel of crude oil, a kilowatthour of electricity, a cubic foot of natural

gas, or a pound of steam). The amount of heat energy is commonly expressed inBritish thermal units (Btu). Note: Heat content of combustible energy forms canbe expressed in terms of either gross heat content (higher or upper heating value) ornet heat content (lower heating value), depending upon whether or not the availableheat energy includes or excludes the energy used to vaporize water (contained in the

original energy form or created during the combustio

Information Administration typically uses gross heat 

Heat Rate: A measure of generating station thermal Btu per kilowatthour. Note: Heat rates can be expre

rates, depending whether the electricity output is grosare typically expressed as net heat rates.Household: A family, an individual, or a group of occupying the same housing unit. “Occupy” meaperson’s usual or permanent place of residence.Housing Unit: A house, an apartment, a group of reither occupied or intended for occupancy as separate individual, or a group of one to nine unrelated permeans the occupants (1) live and eat separately from apartment and (2) have direct access from the outsidcommon hall—that is, they can get to it without going quarters. Housing units do not include group quartehomes where ten or more unrelated persons live. A residents is an indication of group quarters. Hotel anhousing units if occupied as the usual or permanent plHydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound of 

gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The molecular structuvaries from the simplest (methane, a constituent of nand very complex.Hydroelectric Power: The production of electrici

falling water. See Hydroelectric Power, Convention

Storage.Hydroelectric Power, Conventional: Hydroelectri

ing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumped Hydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectric popeak load periods by using water previously pumreservoir during off-peak periods when excess genedo so. When additional generating capacity is needfrom the reservoir through a conduit to turbine gen

power plant at a lower level.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): A group of man-made 

358 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
or two carbon atoms and varying numbers of hydrogen and fluorine atoms. Most

HFCs have 100-year global warming potentials in the thousands.Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen occurs chiefly in combinationwith oxygen in water. It also exists in acids, bases, alcohols, petroleum, and otherhydrocarbons.

Implicit Price Deflator: The implicit price deflator, published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, is used to convert nominal

prices to real prices.Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and the District of Columbia fromU.S. possessions and territories or from foreign countries.Independent Power Producer: A corporation, person, agency, authority, or otherlegal entity or instrumentality that owns or operates facilities for the generation ofelectricity for use primarily by the public, and that is not an electric utility. Independent power producers are included in the electric power sector. Indicated Resources, Coal: Coal for which estimates of the coal rank, quality,

and quantity are based partly on sample analyses and measurements and partlyon reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are computed partlyfrom specified measurements and partly from projection of visible data for areasonable distance on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of observationare 1⁄2 to 11⁄2 miles apart. Indicated coal is projected to extend as a 1⁄2-mile-widebelt that lies more than 1⁄4 mile from the outcrop or points of observation or

measurement.

Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all facilities and

equipment used for producing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrialsector encompasses the following types of activity: manufacturing (NAICScodes 31-33); agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (NAICS code 11);mining, including oil and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); and construction(NAICS code 23). Overall energy use in this sector is largely for process heatand cooling and powering machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw materialinputs to manufactured products. Note: This sector includes generators that

produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the

above-mentioned industrial activities. Various EIA programs differ in sectoralcoverage—for more information see http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebind.htm. See End-Use

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Isobutane: See Butane. 

Isobutylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered 

chemical processes.Isopentane: A saturated branched-chain hydro

tion of natural gasoline or isomerization of norm

Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in je

Kerosene-Type and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based protemperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-pmaximum boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit 1655 and Military Specifications MIL-T-5624P aand JP-8). It is used for commercial and militar

engines.

Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy average gravity of 52.8 degrees API, 20 to 90 p290 to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, and meeting Mili(Grade JP-4). It is used primarily for military engines because it has a lower freeze point than engine requirements at high altitudes and speeds.Kerosene: A light petroleum distillate that is us

and water heaters and is suitable for use as a light lamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillation temp

at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling poia minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenhei2-K, the two grades recognized by ASTM Specifigrades of kerosene called range or stove oil, whicof No. 1 fuel oil. See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Kerosene

Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,

Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricit

energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000 watts) 

One kilowatthour is equivalent to 3,412 Btu. S

Landed Cost: See Crude Oil Landed Cost.Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well

as natural gas used in drilling operations, heaters, d

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
compressors) and used as fuel in natural gas processing plants.

Lease Condensate: A mixture consisting primarily of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons which is recovered as a liquid from natural gas in lease separationfacilities. This category excludes natural gas plant liquids, such as butane and

propane, which are recovered at downstream natural gas processing plants orfacilities. Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as brown coal, used almostexclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It is brownish-black and hasa high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent. The heat contentof lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States averages 13

million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherentmoisture and mineral matter). See Coal Rank.Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (primarily methane) that has been

liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 degrees Fahrenheit at atmospheric

pressure.

Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group of hydrocarbon-based gases derived

from crude oil refining or natural gas fractionation. They include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, isobutane, and isobutylene. For

convenience of transportation, these gases are liquefied through pressurization.Liquefied Refinery Gases (LRG): Liquefied petroleum gases fractionated from

refinery or still gases. Through compression and/or refrigeration, they are retained

in the liquid state. The reported categories are ethane/ethylene,

propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane. Excludes still gas.

Losses: See Electrical System Energy Losses.

Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nuclear generating unit’s initial

fuel loading date and the issuance of its operating (full-power) license. The maximumlevel of operation during that period is 5 percent of the unit’s design thermal rating.Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces orincorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the manufacture ofother products, or used as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may

be produced either from distillates or residues. Lubricants include all grades of

lubricating oils, from spindle oil to cylinder oil, and those used in greases.

Manufacturing: An energy-consuming subsector of the industrial sector thatconsists of all facilities and equipment engaged in the mechanical, physical,

chemical, or electronic transformation of materialinto new products. Assembly of component parts ofor that which is included in construction.Marketed Production (Natural Gas): See Natural Measured Resources, Coal: Coal resources for whiquality, and quantity have been computed, within a 20 percent, from sample analyses and measuremegeologically well known sample sites. Measured rdimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, mine wpoints of observation and measurement are so clos

and extent of coals are so well defined that the tonwithin 20 percent. Although the spacing of the poindemonstrate continuity of the coal differs from regicharacter of the coalbeds, the points of observatio

apart. Measured coal is projected to extend as a 

outcrop or points of observation or measurement.

Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless hydroc

major component of natural gas. It is also an importa

ous industrial processes.Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH) eligible 

See Oxygenates.Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE): An ethe

motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates. Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished pfied elsewhere—for example, petrolatum, lube rextracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petnatural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixing 

components and oxygenates as required, to produ

Finished motor gasoline may be further mixed with components or oxygenates, resulting in increased voline and/or changes in the formulation of finished motmotor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produce oxygeMotor Gasoline Blending Components: Naphth

alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, xylene) used fofinished motor gasoline. These components include re

360 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
for oxygenate blending (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane,

and pentanes plus. Note: Oxygenates are reported as individual components and are

included in the total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.

Motor Gasoline, Conventional: Finished motor gasoline not included in theoxygenated or reformulated motor gasoline categories. Note: This category

excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) as wellas other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoline can be leaded or unleaded;regular, midgrade, or premium. See Motor Gasoline Grades.

Motor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitablefor use in spark-ignition. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASTM Specification D-4814or Federal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range of122 to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point to 365 to 374degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point. “Motor gasoline” includesconventional motor gasoline, all types of oxygenated motor gasoline including

gasohol, and reformulated motor gasoline, but excludes aviation gasoline. Note:Volumetric data on motor gasoline blending components, as well as oxygenates,

are not counted in data on finished motor gasoline until the blending componentsare blended into the gasoline.Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gasoline by octane ratings. Eachtype of gasoline (conventional, oxygenated, and reformulated; leaded orunleaded) is classified by three grades: regular, midgrade, and premium. Note:

Motor gasoline sales are reported by grade in accordance with their classification atthe time of sale. In general, automotive octane requirements are lower at high altitudes. Therefore, in some areas of the United States, such as the Rocky MountainStates, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades may be 2 or more octane pointslower.

Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88. Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octanerating, greater than or equal to 88 and less than or equal to 90. Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,greater than 90.

Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline other than reformulated motor gasoline, having an oxygen content of 2.7 percent or higher by

weight and required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to besold in areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas.

Note: Oxygenated gasoline excludes oxygenated fuels program reformulated

gasoline (OPRG) and reformulated gasoline ble(RBOB). Data on gasohol that has at least 2.7 peintended for sale inside CO nonattainment areas ated gasoline. Other data on gasohol (for use ouincluded in data on conventional gasoline.Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished moto

motor vehicles, the composition and properties of the reformulated gasoline regulations promulgProtection Agency under Section 211(k) of the Cline produced to meet or exceed emissions pestandards of federal-program reformulated gasmay not meet all of the composition requiremfederal-program reformulated gasoline. Note: ated fuels program reformulated gasoline (Oexcludes reformulated blendstock for oxygenate 

treated as blendstock (GTAB).

MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.NAICS: See North American Industry Classific

Naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleu

boiling range between 122 and 400 degrees FahrenNaphtha-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Naphtha-

Natural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarb

ane, used as a fuel for electricity generation 

buildings, and as raw material input and fuel for i

Natural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains 

carbon portion has been removed from the gas sand/or plant separation); and 2) any volumes o

been removed where they occur in sufficient quaable. Note: Dry natural gas is also known as c

parameters for measurement are cubic feet at 6

pounds per square inch absolute.

Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of pgas. Natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs is reduction (lease) site and by processing losses. Voluminclude 1) the volume returned to reservoirs 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
reservoirs, and conservation operations; and 2) vented natural gas and flared

natural gas. Processing losses include 1) nonhydrocarbon gases (e.g., watervapor, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen) removed from thegas stream; and 2) gas converted to liquid form, such as lease condensate andnatural gas plant liquids. Volumes of dry gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs are not considered part of production. Dry natural gas production equals

natural gas marketed production less extraction loss.

Natural Gas, Flared: Natural gas burned in flares on the base site or at gas processing plants.Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals: Full well stream volume of produced natural

gas, excluding lease condensate separated at the lease.Natural Gas Liquids (NGL): Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that are separated from the gas as liquids through the process of absorption, condensation,

adsorption, or other methods in gas processing or cycling plants. Generally suchliquids consist of propane and heavier hydrocarbons and are commonly referred

to as lease condensate, natural gasoline, and liquefied petroleum gases. Natural

gas liquids include natural gas plant liquids (primarily ethane, propane,

butane, and isobutane) and lease condensate (primarily pentanes produced fromnatural gas at lease separators and field facilities).Natural Gas Marketed Production: Natural gas gross withdrawals from production reservoirs, less gas used for reservoir repressuring; nonhydrocarbon gasesremoved in treating or processing operations; and quantities of vented natural gas and

flared natural gas. Includes all quantities of natural gas used in field and processingoperations.Natural Gas Pipeline: A continuous pipe conduit, complete with such equipmentas valves, compressor stations, communications systems, and meters, for transporting natural gas and/or supplemental gaseous fuels from one point toanother, usually from a point in or beyond the producing field or processing plantto another pipeline or to points of utilization. Also refers to a company operating

such facilities.

Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that

are separated as liquids at natural gas processing plants, fractionating and cyclingplants, and, in some instances, field facilities. Lease condensate is excluded.

Products obtained include ethane; liquefied petroleum gases (propane, butanes,

propane-butane mixtures, ethane-propane mixtures); isopentane; and other small

quantities of finished products, such as motor gasoline, special naphthas, jetfuel, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. See Natural Gas Liquids. 

Natural Gas Processing Plant: A surface installarecover natural gas liquids from a stream of prod

processes of condensation, absorption, refrigeratiocontrol the quality of natural gas marketed or returnpressure maintenance, repressuring, or cycling.Natural Gas, Vented: Natural gas released into the processing plants.Natural Gas Well: A well completed for the product

more natural gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells producgas are classified as crude oil wells.)Natural Gas Wellhead Price: Price of natural gas 

reported value at the wellhead by the total quantity appropriate agencies of individual producing States ment Service. The price includes all costs prior to shing gathering and compression costs, in addition to and similar charges.Natural Gasoline: A mixture of hydrocarbons (

extracted from natural gas that meets vapor pressufications for natural gasoline set by the Gas Proc

isopentane, which is a saturated branch-chain hydro

tion of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pe

NERC: See North American Electric Reliability C

Net Electricity Generation: See Electricity Genera

Net Summer Capacity: See Generator Net Summe

Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equaArabia under a 1992 agreement. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Compounds of nitrogen and 

ing of fossil fuels.

Nominal Dollars: A measure used to express nominNominal Price: The price paid for a product otransaction. Nominal prices are those that have not 

362 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they reflect buying power in

the year in which the transaction occurred.Non-Biomass Waste: Material of non-biological origin that is a byproduct or a

discarded product. “Non-biomass waste” includes municipal solid waste from nonbiogenic sources, such as plastics, and tire-derived fuels.

Noncoincident Peak Load: The sum of two or more peak loads on individualsystems that do not occur in the same time interval. Meaningful only in the contextof loads within a limited period of time, such as day, week, month, a heating orcooling season, and usually for not more than 1 year.Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon gases that may be present in reservoir natural gas, such as carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen. 

Nonrenewable Fuels: Fuels that cannot be easily made or "renewed," such as

crude oil, natural gas, and coal.

Normal Butane: See Butane. 

North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC): A nonprofit corporation formed in 2006 as the successor to the North American Electric Reliability Council established to develop and maintain mandatory reliability standards

for the bulk electric system, with the fundamental goal of maintaining andimproving the reliability of that system. NERC consists of regional reliabilityentities covering the interconnected power regions of the contiguous UnitedStates, Canada, and Mexico. See the NERC regions athttp://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/chg_str_fuel/html/fig02.html.North American Industry Classification System (NAICS): A classificationscheme, developed by the Office of Management and Budget to replace the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) System, that categorizes establishments according to the types of production processes they primarily use.Nuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electricity generated by the use of thethermal energy released from the fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor.Nuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit or multi-unit facility in which heatproduced in one or more reactors by the fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to driveone or more steam turbines.Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclear fission chain reaction can beinitiated, controlled, and sustained at a specific rate. A reactor includes fuel

(fissionable material), moderating material to conwalled pressure vessel to house reactor componena system to conduct heat away from the reactor, anand controlling the reactor's systems.Octane Rating: A number used to indicate gasmotor vehicle engines. The two recognized laboratmining the antiknock rating, i.e., octane ratingmethod and the Motor method. To provide a siconsumer, the antiknock index (R + M)/2, which iMotor octane numbers, was developed.OECD: See Organization for Economic Coopera

Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward coastline is the line of ordinary low water along wis in direct contact with the open sea or the lininland water. If a State agency uses a different boffshore areas, the State classification is used (e.gfied as offshore; for Louisiana, the coastline is d

modified by subsequent adjudication).

Oil: See Crude Oil.OPEC: See Organization of the Petroleum Exp

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open marother than the reporting company's parent company parent company. See Captive Coal.

Operable Nuclear Unit: In the United States, a 

completed low-power testing and is in possession issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.Operable Refineries: Refineries that were in onries at the beginning of a given year: in operationactive repair, but capable of being placed into op

operation, but under active repair that could be co

Operating Income: Operating revenues less oper

other revenue and expense, such as equity in earndividends, interest income and expense, income cumulative effect of accounting changes.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): An international organization helping governments tackle the economic, social and

governance challenges of a globalized economy. Its membership comprises about30 member countries. With active relationships with some 70 other countries, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society, it has a global reach. Fordetails about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org.Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): An intergovernmental organization whose stated objective is to "coordinate and unify the petroleumpolicies of member countries." It was created at the Baghdad Conference onSeptember 10–14, 1960. Current members (with years of membership) include

Algeria (1969–present), Angola (2007–present), Ecuador (1973–1992 and2007–present), Iran (1960–present), Iraq (1960–present), Kuwait (1960–present),Libya (1962–present), Nigeria (1971–present), Qatar (1961–present), Saudi Arabia(1960–present), United Arab Emirates (1967–present), and Venezuela(1960–present). Countries no longer members of OPEC include Gabon(1975–1994) and Indonesia (1962–2008).Oxygenated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.

Oxygenates: Substances which, when added to motor gasoline, increase the

amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend. Ethanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether

(MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), and methanol are common oxygenates. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.

Ozone: A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen. Occurs naturally in thestratosphere and provides a protective layer shielding the Earth from harmfulultraviolet radiation. In the troposphere, it is a chemical oxidant, a greenhouse gas,

and a major component of photochemical smog.

PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts. Geographic aggregations of the 50 States and the District of Columbia into five districts for the Petroleum Administration for Defense in 1950. The districts were originally instituted foreconomic and geographic reasons as Petroleum Administration for War (PAW)

Districts, which were established in 1942.

Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to remove fly ash from the combustiongases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate collectorsinclude electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors (cyclones, fabric filters[baghouses]), and wet scrubbers.Peak Kilowatt: Thousand peak watts.

Peak Watt: A manufacturer's unit indicating the am

cell or module will produce at standard test conditio

square meter and 25 degrees Celsius). Pentanes Plus: A mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly 

from natural gas. Includes isopentane, natural gasol

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs): A group of man-made ctwo carbon atoms and four to six flourine atoms, conno commercial uses and are emitted as a byproduct of conductor manufacturing. PFCs have very high 100tials and are very long-lived in the atmosphere.

Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks de

pally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubb

Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocrude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refine

processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquid

petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon compdetergents, after they have been blended into the produPetroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.Petroleum Consumption: See Products Supplied (P

Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into the Columbia from foreign countries and from Puerto RicU.S. territories and possessions. Included are importReserve and withdrawals from bonded warehouses for bunker use, and military use. Excluded are receipts of warehouses and into U.S. territories and U.S. Foreign TPetroleum Pipeline: Crude oil and product pipelines petroleum products, respectively (including interstatpipelines), within the 50 States and the District of ColPetroleum Products: Petroleum products are obtcrude oil (including lease condensate), natural 

compounds. Petroleum products include unfinishe

gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor gaskerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate f

364 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke,

asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual petroleum products, quantities that

are held at refineries, in petroleum pipelines, and at bulk terminals that have acapacity of 50,000 barrels or more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held byproduct retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held at the point ofconsumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual products held at gas processingplants are excluded from individual product estimates but are included in otheroil estimates and total.Photovoltaic Cell (PVC): An electronic device consisting of layers of semiconductor materials fabricated to form a junction (adjacent layers of materials withdifferent electronic characteristics) and electrical contacts and being capable of

converting incident light directly into electricity (direct current).Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity generated from sunlight through

solid-state semiconductor devices that have no moving parts.Photovoltaic Module: An integrated assembly of interconnected photovoltaic

cells designed to deliver a selected level of working voltage and current at its outputterminals, packaged for protection against environmental degradation, and suited forincorporation in photovoltaic power systems.Pipeline Fuel: Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in

compressors.Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquids, mostly pentanes and heavier

hydrocarbons, recovered and separated as liquids at gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing plants.

Primary Energy: Energy in the form that it is first accounted for in a statistical

energy balance, before any transformation to secondary or tertiary forms ofenergy. For example, coal can be converted to synthetic gas, which can be

converted to electricity; in this example, coal is primary energy, synthetic gas is

secondary energy, and electricity is tertiary energy. See Primary Energy Production and Primary Energy Consumption.

Primary Energy Consumption: Consumption of primary energy. (Energy

sources that are produced from other energy sources, e.g., coal coke from coal, are

included in primary energy consumption only if their energy content has not alreadybeen included as part of the original energy source. Thus, U.S. primary energyconsumption does include net imports of coal coke, but not the coal coke producedfrom domestic coal.) The U.S. Energy Information Administration includes thefollowing in U.S. primary energy consumption: coal consumption; coal coke netimports; petroleum consumption (petroleum products supplied, including

natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned a

ing supplemental gaseous fuels consumption; nu(converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat tricity net generation (converted to Btu using tgeothermal electricity net generation (converteplant heat rates), and geothermal heat pump enenergy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electric

Btu using the fossil-fuels plant heat rates), and wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu rates); wood and wood-derived fuels consumptifuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption; los

production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel; and elec

Btu using the electricity heat content of 3,412 Bt

Primary Energy Production: Production of prInformation Administration includes the folloproduction: coal production, waste coal suppcrude oil and lease condensate production; nation; dry natural gas excluding supplemennuclear electricity net generation (converted 

heat rates); conventional hydroelectricity neusing the fossil-fuels plant heat rates); geothe(converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels plant hpump energy and geothermal direct use energy; 

electricity net generation (converted to Btu urates), and solar thermal direct use energy; w

(converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels plant 

derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consum

Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water wdrives an electric generator; or, for reporting p

energy to electricity directly. 

Process Fuel: All energy consumed in the acqu

tation of energy. Quantifiable process fuel includes and plant operations, natural gas pipeline operationsProcessing Gain: The volumetric amount by winput for a given period of time. This difference ioil into petroleum products which, in total, have crude oil processed.Processing Loss: The volumetric amount by whicinput for a given period of time. This difference i

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
oil into petroleum products which, in total, have a higher specific gravity than the

crude oil processed.Products Supplied (Petroleum): Approximately represents consumption ofpetroleum products because it measures the disappearance of these productsfrom primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural gas processing plants, blendingplants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In general, product supplied of each product in any given period is computed as follows: field production, plus refineryproduction, plus imports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil (plus net receipts whencalculated on a PAD District basis) minus stock change, minus crude oil losses,

minus refinery inputs, and minus exports.

Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C3H8). It is a colorless

paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -43.67 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extractedfrom natural gas or refinery gas streams. It includes all products designated inASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications forcommercial propane and HD-5 propane.Propylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) recovered from refinery processes or

petrochemical processes.Proved Reserves, Crude Oil: The estimated quantities of all liquids defined ascrude oil that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certaintyto be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economicand operating conditions.Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate: The volumes of lease condensate expected

to be recovered in future years in conjunction with the production of proved reservesof natural gas based on the recovery efficiency of lease and/or field separationfacilities installed.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas: The estimated quantities of natural gas that analysis of geological and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty to berecoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic andoperating conditions.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids: Those volumes of natural gas liquids(including lease condensate) demonstrated with reasonable certainty to be separablein the future from proved natural gas reserves, under existing economic and operating conditions.

Pumped Storage: See Hydroelectric Pumped Storage.

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to removpurchasing power of the dollar. Real prices, whidollars, usually reflect buying power relative to 

Dollars.

Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: See Crude 

Refinery Gas: See Still Gas.Refinery and Blender Net Inputs: Raw materials, components processed at refineries, or blended at rterminals to produce finished petroleum products. crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, other hydrocarboxygenates (excluding fuel ethanol), and rene

ethanol). Also included are net inputs of unfinisheing components, and aviation gasoline blending 

calculated as gross inputs minus gross production. gross inputs are less than gross production. Examinclude reformulated gasoline blendstock for oproduced at refineries for shipment to blending tproduced and added to inventory in advance of schedcrude oil distillation unit.Refinery and Blender Net Production: Liquefied petroleum products produced at a refinery or petro

facility. Net production equals gross production minproduction indicates gross production is less than groleum product. Examples of negative net production finished product to another finished product, or reclasto unfinished oils or blending components.

Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufact

ucts from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liq

alcohol.Reformulated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasolin

Refuse Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovereIt may also be known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuoperation. Refuse Recovery: The recapture of coal from a refu

by that process. The resulting product has been cleanof noncombustible materials.

366 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, fossil fuels, which are in finite supply). Renewable sources

of energy include conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, wind,

and biomass.

Replacement Fuel: The portion of any motor fuel that is methanol, ethanol, or

other alcohols, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gases, hydrogen, coal-derived

liquid fuels, electricity (including electricity from solar energy), ethers, biodiesel, or any other fuel the Secretary of Energy determines, by rule, is substantially

not petroleum and would yield substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits.

Repressuring: The injection of gas into crude oil or natural gas formations to

effect greater ultimate recovery. Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of living quarters

for private households. Common uses of energy associated with this sector includespace heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and

running a variety of other appliances. The residential sector excludes institutionalliving quarters. Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral coverage—for furtherexplanation see http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebres.htm. SeeEnd-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils, known as No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils, thatremain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled awayin refinery operations. It conforms to ASTM Specifications D396 and D975 andFederal Specification VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity, is also known as Navy Special and is defined in Military SpecificationMIL-F-859E, including Amendment 2 (NATO Symbol F-770). It is used insteam-powered vessels in government service and inshore electric powerplants. No. 6 fuel oil includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for electricity

generation, space heating, vessel bunkering, and various industrial purposes.

Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual asphaltic oil, used as a

dust palliative and surface treatment on roads and highways. It is generally

produced in six grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.

Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs a rotating tubeattached to a bit for boring holes through rock.Royalty Interest: An interest in a mineral property provided through a royaltycontract.

Shale gas: Natural gas produced from organic (b

ral gas.Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 Solar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and P

Solar Thermal Collector: A device designed convert it to thermal energy. Normally, a sol

frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with collected by the solar thermal collector may be later use. Solar collectors are used for space 

heating, and heating swimming pools, hot tubs, or 

Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of tother forms of energy, such as heat or electricity.Space Heating: The use of energy to generate h

using space-heating equipment. The equipment 

equipment or secondary space-heating equipmenenergy to operate appliances (such as lights, televioff heat as a byproduct.Special Naphthas: All finished petroleum prod

range that are used as paint thinners, cleaners, refined to a specified flash point. Special naphthaand cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Srespectively. Naphthas to be blended or markete

gasoline or that are to be used as petrochemica

gas (SNG) feedstocks are excluded.Spent Liquor: The liquid residue left after an in

nent of waste materials used as fuel.Spot Market Price: See Spot Price.

Spot Price: The price for a one-time open marke

ery of the specific quantity of product at a specific purchased “on the spot” at current market rates.Station Use: Energy that is used to operate an 

energy consumed for plant lighting, power, and whether the energy is produced at the plant or com

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power plant in which the prime mover

is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine is produced in a boiler wherefossil fuels are burned.

Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gases produced in refineries bydistillation, cracking, reforming, and other processes. The principal constituentsare methane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, butylene, propane, propylene,

etc. Still gas is used as a refinery fuel and a petrochemical feedstock. The

conversion factor is 6 million Btu per fuel oil equivalent barrel. 

Stocks: Inventories of fuel stored for future use. See Crude Oil Stocks, Coal

Stocks, and Petroleum Stocks, Primary.Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum stocks maintained by the FederalGovernment for use during periods of major supply interruption.Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range from those of lignite to

those of bituminous coal and used primarily as fuel for steam-electric powergeneration. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lowerend of the range, to bright, jet black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upperend. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture by weight.The heat content of subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per

short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per shortton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral

matter). See Coal Rank.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A toxic, irritating, colorless gas soluble in water, alcohol,

and ether. Used as a chemical intermediate, in paper pulping and ore refining, andas a solvent.Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6): A colorless gas soluble in alcohol and ether, and

slightly less soluble in water. It is used as a dielectric in electronics. It possesses the

highest 100-year global warming potential of any gas (23,900).

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance introduced into orcommingled with natural gas that increases the volume available for

disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to, propane-air, refinery gas, coke-oven gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inerts added

for Btu stabilization.

Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred to as substitute natural gas.) Amanufactured product, chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resulting

from the conversion or reforming of hydrocarbons for or interchanged with pipeline-quality natural gas.

Thermal Conversion Factor: A factor for conve

units of measure (such as barrels, cubic feet, or s

of measure (such as British thermal units, calori

ingdata between different thermal units of measure. 

Total Energy Consumption: Primary energy 

sectors, plus electricity retail sales and electrical sys

Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming sectwhose primary purpose is transporting people andlocation to another. Included are automobiles; trucksubways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft; and ships, vehicles. Vehicles whose primary purpose is not tracranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehclassified in the sector of their primary use. Note: Vsectoral coverage—for more http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebtran

and Energy-Use Sectors.

Unaccounted-for Crude Oil: Represents the arithcalculated supply and the calculated disposition supply is the sum of crude oil production plus impostocks. The calculated disposition of crude oil is t

refineries, crude oil exports, crude oil burned as fuel

Unaccounted-for Natural Gas: Represents differecomponents of natural gas supply and the sum odisposition. These differences may be due to quantitreporting problems. Reporting problems include diffeconversions of flow data metered at varying temperconverted to a standard temperature and pressure bacompany accounting and billing practices; differenccalendar-period time frames; and imbalances result

reporting systems that vary in scope, format, definiti

Underground Natural Gas Storage: The use of sunatural gas that has been transferred from its origiusually hollowed-out salt domes, geological reservoiral gas fields) or water-bearing sands topped by an im

368 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
Undiscovered Recoverable Reserves (Crude Oil and Natural Gas): Those

economic resources of crude oil and natural gas, yet undiscovered, that are estimated to exist in favorable geologic settings.Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further processing, except those requiring onlymechanical blending. Unfinished oils are produced by partial refining of crude oiland include naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and light gas oils, heavy gas oils,

and residuum.Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegregated natural gas liquid components,

excluding those in plant condensate. This product is extracted from natural gas.Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): A political entity that consisted of

15 constituent republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, andUzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased to exist as of December 31, 1991.United States: The 50 States and the District of Columbia. Note: The UnitedStates has varying degrees of jurisdiction over a number of territories and otherpolitical entities outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia, includingPuerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Johnston Atoll,Midway Islands, Wake Island, and the Northern Mariana Islands. EIA dataprograms may include data from some or all of these areas in U.S. totals. Forthese programs, data products will contain notes explaining the extent of

geographic coverage included under the term "United States."Uranium: A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic element (atomic number 92). Itstwo principally occurring isotopes are uranium-235 and uranium-238. Uranium-235is indispensable to the nuclear industry because it is the only isotope existing innature, to any appreciable extent, that is fissionable by thermal neutrons. Uranium238 is also important because it absorbs neutrons to produce a radioactive isotopethat subsequently decays to the isotope plutonium-239, which also is fissionable bythermal neutrons. Uranium Concentrate: A yellow or brown powder obtained by the milling ofuranium ore, processing of in situ leach mining solutions, or as a byproduct of

phosphoric acid production. See Uranium Oxide.

Uranium Ore: Rock containing uranium mineralization in concentrations that canbe mined economically, typically one to four pounds of U3O8 (uranium oxide) per

ton or 0.05 percent to 0.2 percent U3O8

Uranium Oxide: Uranium concentrate or yellowcake. Abbreviated as U3O8.

Uranium Resource Categories: Three categoriethe international community to reflect differing levof the resources. Reasonably assured resources (RA(EAR), and speculative resources (SR) are described 

Reasonably assured resources (RAR): mineral deposits of such size, grade, anrecovered within the given production comining and processing technology. Estibased on specific sample data and measknowledge of deposit characteristics. N

uranium reserves category.Estimated additional resources (EAR): U

is expected to occur, mostly on the basis sions of well-explored deposits, in littlecovered deposits believed to exist alonwith known deposits. This uranium can the given cost ranges. Estimates of tonnaable sampling data and on knowledge determined in the best-known parts of thNote: EAR corresponds to DOE’s probablSpeculative resources (SR): Uranium in 

to exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evtions, in deposits discoverable with exislocation of deposits in this category cabeing somewhere within given regions or in this category are less reliable than est

SR corresponds to the combination of Dand speculative potential resources catego

Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy heat-and-power system for use in any industri

ing or cooling application, or delivered to other emade available for processes and applications other t

Vented Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Vented.Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, aing vessels operated by oil companies. Exclude

Armed Forces.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 
Waste: See Biomass Waste and Non-Biomass Waste.

Waste Coal: Usable material that is a byproduct of previous coal processing

operations. Waste coal is usually composed of mixed coal, soil, and rock (minewaste). Most waste coal is burned as-is in unconventional fluidized-bed combustors. For some uses, waste coal may be partially cleaned by removing some extraneous noncombustible constituents. Examples of waste coal include fine coal, coalobtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and

lignite waste.Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to one ampere under a pressure of onevolt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.Watthour (Wh): The electric energy unit of measure equal to one watt of powersupplied to, or taken from, an electric circuit steadily for one hour.Wax: A solid or semi-solid material at 77 degrees Fahrenheit consisting of a

mixture of hydrocarbons obtained or derived from petroleum fractions, or through

a Fischer-Tropsch type process, in which the straight chained paraffin seriespredominates. This includes all marketable wax, whether crude or refined, with acongealing point (ASTM D 938) between 80 (or 85) and 240 degrees Fahrenheitand a maximum oil content (ASTM D 3235) of 50 weight percent.Well: A hole drilled in the Earth for the purpose of (1) finding or producingcrude oil or natural gas; or (2) producing services related to the production of

crude oil or natural gas. See Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production),

Crude Oil Well, Development Well, Dry Hole, Exploratory Well, and Natural

Gas Well.

Wellhead: The point at which the crude oil (and/or natural gas) exits the ground.

Following historical precedent, the volume and price for crude oil production arelabeled as “wellhead,” even though the cost and volume are now generally

measured at the lease boundary. In the context of dterm “wellhead” is the generic term used to referen

property. 

Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natural See Natural Gas Wellhead Price.Western Europe: Includes Austria, Belgium, BosDenmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, IcelanMacedonia (The Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, 

Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, 

United Kingdom.Wind Energy: Kinetic energy present in wind mo

mechanical energy for driving pumps, mills, and elect

Wood and Wood-Derived Fuels: Wood and produused as fuel, including round wood (cord wood), lsawdust, forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, railiquor, red liquor, sludge wood, spent sulfite liquor, a

liquids.Working Gas: The volume of gas in the reservoir thor base gas. It may or may not be completely withdradrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total wo

more than once during any season.

Yellowcake: A natural uranium concentrate that 

and texture. Yellowcake typically contains 70 to 

oxide) by weight. It is used as feedstock for uran

pellet fabrication.

370 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011