THI RD DI VI SI ON

M C FA DDEN, C. J.

, D OYLE, P. J.

, and HODGES, J.

N O T IC E : M otions for r e c ons i de r a tion m us t be

ph y sic a l ly r e ce iv ed i n our c le r k ’s offic e w ithin te n

da y s of the da te of de c is ion to be de e m ed tim e ly file d.

https ://w w w

. ga a ppe a ls .us /r ule s

D E A D LIN E S A R E N O LO N G E R TO LLE D IN T

H I S

C O U R T. A LL FILIN G S M U ST B E S U B M I TTE D WITH IN

TH E TIM E S S E T B Y

O U R C O U R T R U LE S

.

October 26, 2020



# I n th e Co u r t o f

A p p eals o f

G eo r g ia

A2 0 A1 02 8 . PRESCOTT v . THE STATE.

H O D G E S , J u d g e.

Fo l l owi n g a ju ry t ri al

, t h e Su p eri o r Co u rt of Fu l to n Co u n t y en t ered a ju d g m en t

o f co n vi ct i o n ag ai n s t Sh av o n J ab b ar Pres co t t fo r two co un t s o f ag g rav at ed s o d o m y

(OCGA § 1 6 -6 -2 ), t hree co u n t s o f ag g rav at ed as s au l t (fam i ly v i o l en ce) (OCGA § 1 6

-

5 -2 1 ) (2 0 1 3 ), t wo co u n t s o f b at t ery (fam i l y v i o l en ce) (OCGA § 1 6-5 -2 3

. 1 ) (2 0 1 3 ), 1

an d o ne co u n t each o f t raffi ck i n g of p ers o n s fo r l ab o r o r sex u al s erv it u de (OCGA §

1 6 -5 -4 6 ) (2 0 13 ), pi m

p i n g (OCGA § 1 6-6 -1 1 ), p an d eri n g (OCGA § 1 6 -6 -1 2 ), fal s e

i m p ri s o n m en t (OCGA § 1 6 -5 -4 1 ), ag g rav at ed as sau l t wi t h a d ead l y w eap o n (OCGA

§ 1 6 -5 -2 1 ) (2 0 1 3 ), an d g i v i ng fal s e i nfo rm at i o n t o a l aw en fo rcem en t o ffi cer (OCGA

§ 1 6 -1 0 -2 5 ). Pres co t t ap p eal s p ro s e fro m th e tri al co urt ’ s d en i al o f h i s m o t i o n f o r

1 Th e ju ry acq u it ted Pres co t t o f an ad d i t i o n al co u n t of b at t ery (fam i l y v i o l en ce).n ew tri al as am en ded

, rai s i n g 3 0 en u m erat i o ns o f erro r. Fo r t h e reas o n s t h at fo l l o w,

we affi rm

.

Vi ewed i n a l i g h t m o s t fav o rab le t o t h e ju ry ’ s v erd i ct

, 2 t h e ev id en ce rev eal ed

t h at t h e v i ct i m m et a m an n am ed “ J eh o v ah Is rael

, ” l at er i d en ti fi ed as Pres co tt

, at a b ar

i n J an u ary 2 0 13

. Th e t wo ex ch an g ed t el ep h o n e n u m b ers

, t ex ted

, an d ev en t u al l y

s t art e d d a t i n g

. Du ri n g t hei r fi rs t d at e, Pres co t t s t at ed th at h e wen t b y t h e n i ck n am e

“ Ho v a,” w h i ch was sh o rt fo r “ J eh o v ah .” On t h ei r t hi rd dat e i n Feb ru ary 20 1 3

, t h e

v i c t i m s h ared

, d uri ng d i n n er, t h at s h e n eed ed t o fi n d an o t h er jo b i n o rd er t o fi n d a

p l ace t o l iv e on h er o wn

. To th i s p o i n t

, t h e v i ct im d id no t s u sp ect an y t h in g was wro n g

wi t h Pres c o t t o r f

e e l co ncern t h at h e was a v i o l en t p ers o n

. As t h ey d ro v e o ff aft er

d i n n er, Pres co t t as k ed th e v i ct im i f s h e was st i ll i nt eres t ed i n fi nd i n g a jo b an d s t at ed

t h at h e h ad a jo b fo r h er: “ It m ay n o t b e w h at y ou wan t, b u t at l eas t y o u ’ l l b e m ak i n g

m o ney .” Th e v i ct i m t h o u g h t Pres co t t was referri n g t o s el l i ng d ru gs an d d ecl i n ed

, an d

t h e two “ l au g h ed i t o ff.

. . .” Ho wev er, Pres co t t t h en s ai d

, “ [w] el l

, y o u m ay n o t wan t

t o d o i t

, b u t y o u ’ re g o i n g t o h o fo r m e.” Pres co t t t h en pro d u ced a s m al l h an d g u n an d

p o i n t ed i t at t h e v i ct i m ’ s h ead

.

2 See, e.g

., El l i s v. S t a t e

, 3 1 6 Ga. Ap p . 3 5 2 , 3 5 4 (1 ) (7 2 9 SE2 d 4 9 2) (2 0 1 2 ).

2At s o m e p o i n t d u ri n g t hei r d ri v e, Pres co t t t o o k t h e vi ct i m ’ s m ob i l e t el ep h o ne.

Th e vi ct i m b eg an s cream in g

, an d Pres co t t k ep t s ay i n g

, “ [b ] i t ch

, s h u t up .” Pres co t t

d ro v e t o a h o u s e o n To cco a C i r c l e i n U n i o n Ci t y

, Fu l t o n Co u n t y

, p u l l ed i n t o t h e

g arag e, an d p u l l ed th e vi ct i m i n t o t he h o u s e b y h er arm

. On ce in s i d e, Pres co t t b eg an

p u n ch i n g t h e v i ct i m

, an d h e th en p u l l ed h er u ps t ai rs an d fo rced her t o p erfo rm fel l at io

o n h i m . Pres co t t t h en m ad e h er s i t i n fro n t o f h im as he y el l ed at h er t h at s he wo u ld

b e en g ag i n g i n s ex act s wi t h o t h er m en

. He i n s tru ct ed her t o g o d o wn s t ai rs

, o p en t h e

fr o n t d o o r

, t ak e cas h fro m th e cu st o m er (wh o m Pres co t t referred to as “ [t ] ri ck s o r

p l ay s ”), b ri n g t h e m o n ey t o h im

, an d th en g o b ack d o wn s t ai rs t o perfo rm s ex act s

wi t h t h e cu s t o m er. D u ri n g s u ch act s

, Pres co t t wo u l d po s it i on hi m s el f fro m an u p s t ai rs

v an tag e p o i n t th at al l owed h i m t o s ee t h e v i ct i m an d t he cu s t o m er; h e t o ld t he v i ct i m

t h at i f s he at t em

p t ed t o s i g n al t h e cu s to m er o r as k fo r h el p, h e wo u l d k i l l h er an d t h e

cu s t o m er.

Th e v i ct im ’ s fi rs t ex per i e n ce wi t h a “ t ri ck ” cam e l at er th at ev en i ng

. Pres co t t

g av e t h e v i ct i m l i q u or i n an at t em p t t o cal m h er n erv es

. Ap paren t l y n o t ici n g t h e

v i ct i m was n erv o u s

, t h e cu s t o m er as k ed t he v i ct i m i f s h e w as o kay

, an d sh e res p o n d ed

t h at s h e was

, fearfu l t h at Pre s c o t t w o u l d k i l l h er. Th e v ict i m th en h ad s ex wi t h t h e

cu s t o m er, fo l l o wed b y ot h er cu s t o m ers th at s am e ev en in g an d ev ery d ay fo r t h e n ex t

3s ev eral d ay s

. Th ro u g h t h reat s t o k i ll h er an d h er fam i l y

, Pres co tt d et ai n ed t h e v i ct i m

at t he res id en ce fo r t h e n ex t s ev eral week s

. Pres co t t p u rch as ed cl o t h es fo r t he v i ct i m

t o w e a r

, r e q u i ri n g t hat s he wear o nl y a b ra, s ho rt s

, an d heel s o r b o o t s

. He al s o

i n s t ru ct ed h er t o wear a wi g i n o rd er t o “ l o o k t h e p art ” an d t o p rev en t h er

i d en t i fi cat i o n wi t h h er real h ai r. W h en h e u l t im at el y beg an al lo wi n g t h e v i ct i m to

an s wer h er t el ep h o n e t o s p eak wi t h p ot en t i al “ t ri ck s,” Pres co t t o rd ered her w h a t to

s ay an d s t ru ck h er wh en s he s p o k e “ t o o p ro p er,” t el l i n g h er t o “ t al k s l an g .”

Bas ed u p o n Pres co t t ’ s in i t i al i n s t ru ct i o n s t o h er, t h e v ict i m fel t t h at h e h ad

en g ag ed i n t h is co n du ct b efo r e

. T h e St at e in tro d u ced ad v ert is em en t s b y “ Ho va”

i m p l o ri ng t h e reci p i en t to “ [c] o m e g et wi t h a y o u n g h us t l er wh o i s ab o ut th at l i fe. I

wi l l p ro v i d e a p l ace, fl y wh i p t o ri d e i n

, an d wh at ev er y o u n e ed .” Th e v i ct i m

i d en t i fi ed t h e p ers o n i n th e ad v ert i s em en ts as Pres co t t . Th e v i ct im al s o l earn ed t h at

s h e h ad b een ad vert i s ed o n b ack p ag e.co m

, “ a s i t e wh ere m en o r ev en wo m en co u ld

g o t o t ry t o fi n d so m eo ne t o hav e s ex wi t h [,] ” u s i n g p ho t o g rap h s t ak en fro m t h e

t el ep ho n e Pres co t t co n fi s cat ed fro m th e v i ct i m

. In a dd i t i on

, t h e vi ct i m d is co v ered t h at

Pres co t t was u s in g t h e fal s e n am e o f “ Ta m a r B y i rt ,” t ak en fro m a s t o l en d ri v er’ s

l i cen se.

4Du ri n g t h e t i m e t hat t h e v i ct i m serv ed Pres co t t, h e pu n ch ed h er, k i ck ed h er,

s p at up o n h er, an d

, o n o n e o ccas i o n, p i s t o l -wh i p p ed h er. In an o t h er en co u n t er, aft er

t h e v i ct im rem ark ed t h at a s i ng er o n t el ev i s i o n l o o k ed h an ds o m e, Pres co t t o rd ered h er

i n t o t h e b at h ro o m

, to l d h er no t t o “ e v e r m a k e a co m m en t ab o u t an ot h er d u d e,” an d

b u rn ed h er arm wi t h an i ro n

. Beca u s e s h e w as s cared o f Pres co tt

, th e v i ct im b eg an

t el l i n g h i m t h at s h e l o v ed h i m an d w o u l d “ t ry t o d o an y an d ev ery t h i n g h e as k ed [h er]

t o d o ri g ht .” Pres co t t al s o t o o k t h e v i ct i m t o So u t h Caro l i n a an d o ffered h er fo r s ex

act s fro m a h o t el ro o m

.

In Ap ri l 2 0 1 3

, Pres co t t an d t h e v i ct im g at hered h er p o s s es s i o n s an d sh e m o v ed

i n wi t h hi m

. Ev en t ual l y

, P r e s c o t t al l o wed t h e v ict i m t o s p eak w i t h h er m ot h er an d

s i s t e r

— as h e s at n ex t t o h er h o l d i n g a h an d g u n

. Th e v i ct i m pret en d ed t h at

ev ery t hi n g was ok ay

. Pres co t t al s o al l o wed t h e v ict i m t o m eet h er m o t h er an d s i s t er

fo r a m eal i n May 2 01 3

, an d th e v i ct i m ag ai n p ret en d ed t h at n o t h i n g was wro n g.

Al t h o u g h b o t h h er m o th er an d s i s t er n ot i ced t h e b u rn i nju ry on her arm

, t h e v i ct i m

cl ai m ed t h at sh e h ad s i m p l y d ro p p ed a h o t cu rl i n g i r o n o n h er arm

. Pres co t t

t h reat en ed t o k i ll t h e v i ct im an d h er fam i l y

i f s h e ev er s o u g h t h el p fro m t h em

.

M ean wh i l e, Pres co t t co n t i n u ed t o ab u s e t h e v i ct i m i n o th er way s

. In ad d i t i o n

t o fo rci n g t h e v ict i m t o p erfo rm s ex act s w i t h v i si t o rs

, Pres co tt al so fo rced h er to

5p erfo rm an al i n t erco u rs e an d fel l at i o wi t h h i m

. Pres co t t al s o req u i red t h e v i ct i m to

co n ti n u e m eet in g vi s it o rs wh i l e o n h er m en s t ru al cy cl e. Th e vi ct i m sl ep t i n t h e s am e

ro o m wi t h Pres co tt , an d i f s h e m o v ed

, h e m ov ed

.

Th e v i ct im l at er m et Lau ren Bl ai r, wh o m t h e vi ct i m k n ew a s “ Ren ee,” wh en

Bl ai r o ccas i on al l y vi s it ed Pres co t t at h i s ho u s e f o r s e x

. W h en t h e v i ct i m fi rs t m et

Bl ai r, s h e cri ed o u t t o Bl ai r a n d b eg ged t o l eav e wi t h h er. In s t ead o f hel p i n g t h e

v i ct i m

, Bl ai r t o ld Pres co t t wh at s h e s ai d

. Pres co t t t h en ch arg e d t h e v i ct i m

, g rab b ed

h er s h i rt , an d s ai d s h e “ was n’ t g o i n g n o wh ere” an d t h at s h e was “ hi s .” 3

Pres co t t al s o u s ed t he v i ct i m t o recru it o t h er wo m en i n cl u b s fo r p ro s t i t u t i o n

an d o n ce u s ed t h e v i ct i m to ap p ro ach a wo m an n am e d “ Fan cy ” wh o m Pres co t t an d

t h e v i ct im s aw wal k i ng do wn t he s t reet o n e d ay

. A co u p l e of d ay s l at er, Pres co t t an d

t h e v i ct i m p i ck ed up Fan cy an d b ro u gh t h er to t h e h ou s e o n To cco a Ci rcl e. A l t h o u g h

t h e v i ct i m

d i d n o t h ear Pres co t t g i vi n g Fan cy an y i n s tru ct i on s

, h e fo rced Fan cy an d

t h e v ict i m to p erfo rm s ex act s o n each o t her, o n h i m s el f, an d wi t h vi s i t o rs

. Th e v i ct i m

3 At t ri al

, Bl ai r, wh o s e m i d d l e n am e is Ren ee, d en i ed t h at t h e v i ct i m h ad ev er

as k ed h er fo r as s i st an ce. In ad d i t i o n

, ev i d en ce rev eal ed t h at Bl ai r s po k e t o Pres co t t

wh i le h e was i n jai l fo l l o wi n g h i s arres t an d t h at s h e m ay hav e as s i s t e d Pres co t t in

d es t ro y in g ev i den ce.

6a l s o i n s tru ct ed Fan cy o n h ow s h e was t o act wi th t h e cu s to m ers

. Pres co t t a l s o

p h y s i cal l y

ab u s ed t h e v i ct i m

i n fro n t o f Fan cy

.

Pres co t t ’ s rack et b eg an t o u n rav el w h en a p o l i ce o ffi cer s h o wed u p at h i s d o o r

o n e d ay

. Sh o rt l y aft er a cu st o m er arri v ed fo r s ex

, t h e o ffi cer k n o ck ed on t h e d o o r; t h e

v i ct i m an s wered t h e do or, an d t h e o ffi cer as ked if so m eo n e n am ed “ D o m i n iq u e” l i v ed

t h ere. No t k n o wi n g Fan cy ’ s real n am e, t h e v i ct i m rep l i ed “ n o

, ” b u t s ai d a wo m an

n am ed “ Fan cy ” li v ed t h ere. A wo m an s t an d i n g wi t h t h e o ffi cer ex cl ai m ed

, “ t h at ’ s m y

d a u g h t er,” an d t h e o ffi cer as k ed t h e v i ct im t o b ri ng Fan cy t o t h e d o o r. Th e v i ct i m

co m p l ied

, b u t d i d n o t t h e n cal l o u t fo r h el p h ers el f; i n s t ead

, s he l ied t o t he o ffi cer

b ecau s e s h e t h o ug h t s h e wa s “ i n b i g t ro u bl e.” Du ri n g t h is en co un t er, Pres co t t was

h i d i n g i n s i d e t h e h o u s e. Th e cu s t o m er ex i t ed t h e h o us e wi t h th e v i ct i m

, an d t h e

o ffi cer fo u nd Pres co t t d u ri n g a search o f t h e ho u s e; Pres co t t g av e h i s n am e as “ Tam ar

By i rt .” Th e o ffi cer b ri efl y d et ai n ed t h e t h ree, t o o k t h ei r i d en t i fi cat i o n card s

, an d

r e l e a s ed Pres co t t an d t h e cu s t o m er. Th e o ffi cer p l aced Do m i n i qu e i n cu s t o d y

fo l l o w i n g an al t ercat i o n an d l eft t h e s cen e.

In J u n e 2 0 13

, Pres co tt co n fro n t ed t h e v i c t i m ab o u t m o ney h e th o u g h t was

m i s s i n g fro m p rep ai d card s he u s ed t o p l ace ad v ert is em en t s o n b ack p ag e.co m

. W h en

s h e sai d s h e d i d n ’ t h av e an y m o n ey

, Pres co tt sai d

, “ Yo u h av e o n e m i n u t e t o fi n d m y

7m o ney o r i t ’ s g o in g t o g et real u g l y .” W h en t h e vi ct i m a g a i n p ro t es t ed

, h e p i s to l

wh i pp ed h er o n t he h ead s o v i o l en t l y t h at s h e u ri n at ed an d d efecat ed o n h ers el f an d

b l ed fro m h er ey e. He al s o b eg an ch o k i n g h er. Sh e th en cl ai m ed t o kn o w wh ere s o m e

m o ney was h i d d en d own s t ai rs ; h o wev er, t h at was a p lo y to at t em p t es cap e. Pres co t t

g rab b ed h er, s l am m ed h er t o th e fl o o r, an d b eg an k i ck in g

, p u n ch i n g, an d s p i t t i n g o n

h er. He th en t o o k h er t o an u p s tai rs bat h ro om

, fo rced h er i nt o t h e s h ower, cl o s ed t h e

cu rt ai n

, p u l l ed o u t a h a n d g u n

, an d s ai d, “ I’ m go i n g to k i l l y ou

. Yo u b et t er t el l m e

wh at y o u ’ re d o i n g wi t h m y m o n ey

. ” Th e v i ct i m l i ed an d s ai d s h e g av e m o ney t o h er

m o th er. Pres co t t t hen t ol d t h e v i ct i m h e fo rg av e her, sai d

, “ [w] h at are we g o in g t o d o

ab o ut y o u r f

a m i l y[,] ” an d fo rced t h e v i ct i m t o p erfo rm fel lat i o o n h i m an d k i s s h i s

feet

. Sh e l at er u s ed a t o wel t o wi p e t h e b l o o d fro m h er ey e.

Pres co t t ’ s fi n al d eg rad at i o n o ccu rre d o n J u n e 1 8

, 20 1 3. Pres co t t was ag ai n

u n ab le to u s e a pr e p a i d c a r d t o p u rch as e an ad v ert i s em en t o n b ack pag e.co m

, s o h e

t h rew t h e v i ct i m o n t h e b ed

, b eg an ch o k i n g h er, an d s ai d

, “ [b ] i t ch

, wh en I g et o u t o f

t h i s s h o wer, y o u b et t er m ak e th at card g o t h ro u gh o r I’ m g o i n g t o k i l l y ou .” Sh e as k ed

t o us e t he b at h ro o m

i n an o t her p art of th e h o u s e; Pres co t t ag reed

, an d wh en s h e l eft

t h e b ed ro o m

, s h e ran fro m t h e h o us e. Sh e fl ed t o a n ei g h b o r’ s h o u s e a n d b u r s t

t h ro u g h t h e do or, s cream i ng fo r h el p

, an d th e n ei g h b o r cal l ed p o l i ce. W h en o ffi cers

8arri v ed

, t h ey m et wi t h t h e vi ct i m

, w h o d i rect ed t h em t o Pres co t t ’ s res i d en ce. As an

o ffi cer ap p ro ach ed t h e h o u se, t h e g arag e d o o r l i ft ed an d Pres co t t at t em p t ed t o b ack

o u t o f t h e g arag e. Th e o ffi cer t h en d et ai n ed Pres co t t

, wh o i d en t i fi ed h i m s el f a s

“ Tam ar By i rt .” Offi cers fo u n d t wo i d en ti fi cat i o n card s o n Pres co t t ’ s p ers o n d u ri n g

a p at -d o wn s earch

— o n e fo r Tam ar By irt an d o n e fo r Pres co t t

. D u ri ng a s u b s eq u en t

s earch o f t h e res i d en ce, offi cers l o cat ed wi gs

, wo m en ’ s s h o es

, a co rs et

, an d a t o wel

.

An ex p ert i n h u m an t raffi ck in g t es t i fi ed t h at t h e v i ct i m ’ s d es cri p t io n of h er act i v i ti es

an d ab us e was co n s i s ten t wi t h b ei n g en s nared in s ex u al s erv i t u d e. T es t i n g o f t h e

t o wel t ak en fro m

Pres co t t ’ s res i d en ce rev eal ed t h e p res en ce o f t h e v ict i m ’ s b l o o d

.

A Fu l to n Co un t y g ran d ju ry i n d i ct ed Pres co t t fo r t wo co u nt s o f a g g r av at ed

s o d o m y

, t h ree co un ts o f ag g rav at ed as s au l t (fam i l y v i o l en ce), t h ree co u n t s o f b at t ery

(fam i l y v i o l en ce), an d o ne co u n t each of t raffi ck i ng o f p er s o n s fo r l ab o r o r s ex u al

s erv i tu d e, p i m

p i ng

, p an d eri n g

, fal s e i m

p ri s o nm en t, ag g rav at ed as s au l t wi t h a d ead l y

weap o n

, an d gi v i n g fal s e i n fo rm at i o n t o a l aw en fo rcem en t o ffi cer. Pri or t o h i s t ri al

,

Pres co t t fi l ed a n u m

b er o f p ro se m o t i o ns d es p i t e t h e fact th at h e was rep res en t ed by

co u ns el

. W i t h t h e ex cep t i o n o f o n e c o u n t o f b at t ery (fam i l y vi o l en ce), t h e ju ry

ret u rn ed g u i l t y v erd i ct s ag ai n s t Pres co t t o n each co u nt o f t h e i n d ict m en t

. Aft er t ri al

,

Pres co t t i n s i s t ed t h at h e rep res en t h i m s el f. Fo l l o wi n g a h eari ng p u rs uan t t o Fa r et ta

9v. Ca l if

o r n i a

, 4 2 2 U. S. 8 0 6 ( 9 5 S C t 2 5 2 5

, 4 5 LE2 d 5 6 2 ) (1 9 7 5 ), t h e t ri al co u rt

al l o wed Pres co tt t o p ro ceed p ro s e, a n d h e fi l ed a m ot i o n fo r n ew t ri al wi t h s ev eral

am en d m en t s

. Th e t ri al co u rt d en i ed Pres co t t ’ s m o ti o n as am en d ed

, an d h e ap p eal s p ro

s e.

1

. At t h e o ut s et

, Pres co tt ’ s o p en i n g b ri ef s u f f e r s fro m n u m ero u s eg reg i ou s

v i o l at i o n s o f t h i s Co urt ’ s ru l es . M o s t g l ari n g l y

, n o n e o f Pres co tt ’ s 3 0 en u m erat i on s

o f erro r are s up p o rt ed b y an y arg u m en t o r ci t at i o n o f au t ho ri t y

. See Co u rt o f Ap p eal s

Ru l e 2 5 (c) (2 ) (“ An y en u m erat i on o f erro r th at i s n o t s u p p o rt ed i n t h e b ri ef by

ci t at i o n o f au t ho ri t y or arg u m en t m ay b e d eem ed ab an d o n ed .”). In deed

, Pres co t t ’ s

e n um erat i o n s

, wh i ch s p an 1 8 h an d w ri t t en p ag es

, are fo l l o wed b y a “ Ci t at i o n o f

Au t ho ri ty ” o f o ne-h al f p ag e, w h i c h m erel y co n t ai ns a s t ri n g ci t at i o n o f as s o rt ed

co n st i t u t io n al p ro vi s io n s an d ran d o m s ect i on s of th e Offi ci al Co d e o f Geo rg ia, Br a d y

v. Ma r yl a n d

, 3 73 U. S. 8 3 (8 3 SCt 1 1 9 4

, 1 0 LE2 d 2 1 5 ) (1 9 6 3 ), an d S a m p s o n v. S t a t e

,

1 2 4 Ga. 7 7 6 (5 3 SE 3 3 2) (1 9 0 6 ). Eq u al l y as di s t res s i n g, t h e ap p el l an t ’ s b ri ef d o es n ot

co n tai n a s i ng l e “ ci t at i o n o f th e p a r t s o f t h e reco rd o r t ran s cri p t es s en t i al t o a

co n si d erat io n o f t h e erro rs [.] ” Co u rt o f Ap p eal s Ru l e 2 5 (a) (1 ); s ee al s o C o u r t o f

Ap p eal s Ru l e 2 5 (c) (2 ) (i ) (“ Ea ch en u m erat ed erro r s h al l b e su p po rt ed i n t h e b ri ef by

s p eci fi c referen ce to the r eco rd o r t ran s cri p t .”) (em p h as i s s u p p l i ed ); Ca wt ho n v. S t a t e

,

103 5 0 Ga. Ap p

. 7 4 1

, 7 4 4 (1 ) (a) (8 3 0 SE2 d 2 7 0 ) (2 0 1 9 ) (n ot i n g t h at “ t h is Co u rt wi l l n ot

t y p i cal l y ad d res s arg um en t s i n t h e co m p l et e ab s en ce o f reco rd an d tran s cri pt

ci t at i o n s ”). Th es e d efi ci en ci es are p art icu l ar l y tro u b l es o m e i n an ap p el l at e reco rd t h at

s p an s m o re t h an 2 ,0 0 0 p ag es

, b ecau s e “ i t i s n ot t h e fu n ct i o n o f th i s Co u rt t o cu l l t h e

reco rd o n b eh al f o f a part y i n s earch of i n s tan ces of erro r.” (Ci t at i o n an d pu n ct u at i o n

o m it t ed .) Id . at 7 4 3

.

M o reo v er, t h e b ri ef d o es n o t co n t ai n “ t h e m et h od b y wh i ch each en u m erat i o n

o f erro r was pres erv ed fo r co n s i d erat io n ” o n ap p eal

. Co u rt o f Ap p eal s Ru l e 2 5 (a) (1 ).

Fu rt h erm o re, Pres co t t ’ s m in i m al i s t “ Ci t at i on o f Au t h o ri t y ” d o es n o t co rres p on d wi th

t h e s t at ed en u m erat i o n o f erro rs

. See Co u rt o f A p p eal s Ru l e 2 5 (c) (1 ) (“ T he s eq u en ce

o f arg u m en t s i n t h e b ri efs s h al l f o l l o w t h e o r d er of th e en u m erat i o n o f erro rs

, an d

s h al l b e n u m

bered acco rd i n g l y .”); Cr a wf o r d v

. S t at e

, 3 14 Ga. Ap p

. 79 6 (7 2 6 SE2 d

5 8 ) (2 0 1 2 ) (ap p el l an t rai s ed 1 4 en u m erat i o n s o f erro r but only f ive n on- c orres p o n d i n g

arg u m en t s ect i o ns ).

In s h o rt , o u r ru l es d o n o t ex is t i n a v acu u m ; rat h er, th ey are b as ed

, at l eas t in

p art

, o n t h e wel l -reco g n i zed an d “ s o u nd ru l e o f ap p el l at e p ract i ce t h at t h e b u rd en i s

al way s o n t h e ap p e l l a n t i n as s ert in g erro r t o s h ow i t affi rm at i v el y b y t h e reco rd .”

11(Ci t at i o n an d p u n ct u at i o n o m i t t ed

. ) M a t h i s v. S t a te

, 2 9 9 G a. Ap p. 8 3 1

, 8 3 5 (1 ) (b ),

n . 1 5 (6 8 4 SE2 d 6 ) (2 0 0 9 ). To t h at en d

,

t h e ru l es o f th i s co urt are n o t in t en d ed t o p ro v i d e an o b s t acl e fo r th e

u n wary o r t h e p r o se ap p el l an t

. Bri efs t h at d o n o t co n fo rm t o t he ru l es

reg ard i n g en u m erat i o n s o f erro r, s t ru ct u re o f b ri efs

, arg u m en t, o r

ci t at io n o f au th o ri ti es

, a s [Pres co t t ] fai l s to d o

, are n o t m erel y an

i n co nv en ien ce o r g ro u n d s fo r refu si ng t o co ns i d er a p art y ’ s co nt en t i o ns

.

Su ch b ri efs h i n d er t h is co u rt i n d et erm in i n g t h e s u b s t an ce an d b as i s o f

an ap p el l an t ’ s co n ten t i o n s b o t h i n fact an d i n l aw an d m ay we l l

p reju d i ce an ap pel l an t’ s ap p eal r e g ard l es s o f t h e am o u n t o f len i en cy

s h o wn

. Nev ert h el es s

, w e wi l l ad d res s [Pres co t t ’ s ] arg u m en t s

, i n s o far as

we are ab l e t o as cert ai n t h em fro m h i s b ri ef.

(Ci t at i o n o m i t ted .) An der s o n v. S t a t e

, 3 3 5 G a

. Ap p

. 7 8

, 8 0 (2 ) (7 7 8 SE2 d 8 2 6 )

(2 0 1 5); s ee al s o Zywi ci el v. Hi st o r i c W es t s i d e V i l l a g e Pa r t n er

s

, 3 1 3 Ga. Ap p

. 3 9 7,

4 0 1

, n

. 1 8 (7 21 SE2 d 6 17 ) (2 0 1 1 ) (“ [Pres co t t] h as h am p ered o ur ab i li t y t o en s u re t h at

al l h i s arg u m en t s no t ad d res s ed b y en u m erat i o n s o f erro r are ad d res sed

. Acco rd i n g l y

,

h e i s wh o l l y r e s p o n s i b le fo r an y al l eg at i o n o f erro r t h at we are un ab l e t o fu l l y

ad d res s .”) (ci t at i o n an d p u n ct u at i o n o m it t ed ); F l emi n g v. Ad

va nced St o res Co

. , 3 0 1

Ga. Ap p

. 7 3 4

, 73 5 (6 8 8 SE2 d 4 14 ) (2 0 0 9 ) (“ W e reco g n i ze t h at [Pres co t t ] i s act i n g p ro

s e; n ev ert h el es s

, ‘ t h at s t at us d o es n ot rel i ev e h i m o f t h e o bl i g at i o n t o co m p l y wi t h t h e

s u b s t an t i ve an d p ro ced ural req u i rem en t s o f t h e l aw, i n cl u di n g t h e r u l e s o f t h i s

12Co u rt .’ ”) (ci t at i o n an d p u nct u at i o n o m i t t ed ). Acco rd in g l y

, we hav e co m b i n ed

Pres co t t ’ s en u m erat i on s wh ere p o s s i b l e i n an effo rt to ad d r e s s

, as b es t we can

, t h e

arg u m en t s we are ab l e t o d i s cern an d p ro p erl y co n s i d er u n d e r o u r ru l es

. See

S evo st i ya n o va v. S t a te , 3 1 3 Ga. Ap p . 7 2 9 , 7 3 0 (7 2 2 SE2 d 3 3 3 ) (2 0 12 ).

2

. In t hree i nt errel at ed en u m erat i o n s

, Pres co tt co n t en d s t h at th e ev i den ce was

i n s u ffi ci en t t o s u p p o rt h i s co n vi ct i o n s

. 4 W e d i s ag ree.

On ap peal fro m

a cri m i n al co n v i ct i o n , t h e ev id en ce m u st b e v i ewed i n

t h e li g ht m o st fav o rab l e t o t h e v erd i ct

, an d t h e ap pel l an t n o l o ng er

en jo y s t he p res u m

p ti o n o f i n n o cen ce; m o reo v er, an ap p el lat e co u rt d o es

n o t wei g h t he ev i den ce o r det erm in e wi t n es s cred i b i l it y b u t o n l y

d et erm i nes wh et h er t he ev i d en ce i s s u ffi ci en t u n d e r t h e s tan d ard o f

Ja cks o n v. Vi r

g i n i a

, 44 3 U. S. 3 0 7 (9 9 SCt 2 7 8 1

, 6 1 LE2 d 5 6 0 ) (1 9 79 ).

As l on g as t h ere i s s o m e co m p et en t ev i d en ce, ev en t h o ug h co n t rad i ct ed

,

4 Two o f Pres co t t ’ s en um erat i o n s i n v o k e t h e g en eral g ro u n d s . See OCGA § §

5 -5 -2 0 , 5 -5 -2 1

.

Tri al co u rt s h av e di s cret io n t o g ran t a n ew t ri al on t hes e g ro u n d s

. . . b u t

ap p el l at e co u rt s d o n o t

. Ou r rev i ew i s l i m it ed t o t h e l eg al s uffi ci en cy o f

t h e ev i d en ce. In d eed , ev en wh en as k ed t o rev i ew a t ri al co u rt ’ s refu s al

t o g ran t a n ew t ri al o n t h e g en eral g ro u nd s , t h i s Co u rt m u s t rev i ew th e

cas e u n d er t h e s t an d ard s et fo rt h i n Ja cks o n v. Vi r g i n i a

.

(Ci t at i o n s an d p u nct u at i on o m it t ed .) Lewi s v. S t a t e

, 3 5 1 G a. Ap p

. 6 03

, 60 4 (2 ) (8 3 1

SE2 d 8 3 7) (2 0 1 9).

13t o s u p p o rt each fact n eces s ary t o m ak e o u t t h e St at e’ s cas e, t h e j u r y’s

v erd ict wi l l b e u p hel d

.

(Ci t at i o n an d p u nct u at io n o m i t t ed .) W a t ki n s v. St a t e

, 3 36 G a. Ap p

. 1 45

, 1 4 6 (1 ) (7 8 4

SE2 d 1 1 ) (2 0 1 6 ); s ee al s o Co n l ey v. S t a t e

, 3 2 9 Ga. Ap p

. 9 6 (7 6 3 SE2 d 8 8 1 ) (2 0 1 4 ).

It i s wel l -s et tl ed t h at “ t h e tes ti m o n y o f a s i n g l e wi t n es s i s g e n e r al ly s u ffi ci en t to

es t ab l i s h a fact .” (Ci t at i o n an d p u n ct u at i o n o m i t t ed

. ) Cr o s s v

. S t a t e

, 3 5 4 Ga. Ap p.

3 5 5 , 3 5 8 (1 ) (8 3 9 SE2 d 2 65 ) (2 0 2 0 ); s ee al s o OCGA § 2 4 -1 4 -8

.

(a) Ag g ra va t ed s o do my

. “ A p ers o n co m m i t s t h e o ffen s e o f ag grav at ed s o d o m y

wh en h e o r s h e c o m

m i t s s o d o m

y wi t h fo rce an d ag ai n s t t h e wi l l o f t h e o t h er

p ers o n

. . . . ” OCGA § 16 -6 -2 (a) (2 ). So d o m y occu rs wh en a p ers on “ p erfo rm s o r

s u b m i t s t o an y s ex u al act i n v o lv i n g t h e sex o r g a n s o f o n e p ers o n an d t he m o u t h o r

an u s o f an o t h er.” O CGA § 1 6 -6 -2 (a) (1 ). Th e St at e i n d i ct ed Pres co t t fo r t wo co u n t s

o f ag grav at ed s od o m

y fo r fo rci b l y p erfo rm i n g an al in t erco u rs e an d fel l at i o o n t h e

v i ct i m

. Th e v i ct i m u neq u i v o cal l y t es t i fi ed t h at Pres co t t fo rced h er t o p erfo rm an al

i n t erco u rs e an d fel l at i o wi t h h i m ag ai n s t h er wi l l

. T h u s

, we co n cl u d e t h at t h e

ev i d en ce was s u ffi ci en t t o co n v i ct Pres co t t o f ag g rav at ed s o d o m y

. See, e.g

., Cr o s s

,

3 5 4 Ga. Ap p . at 3 57 -3 5 8 (1 ).

14(b ) Ag gr a va t ed a s s a ul t (f

a mi l y vi o l en ce)

. “ A p ers o n co m m i t s t h e o ffen s e o f

ag g rav at ed as s au lt wh en he o r s h e as s au l t s

. . . [w] i t h a d e ad l y weap o n or wi t h an y

o b ject

, d ev i ce, o r in s tru m en t wh i ch

, wh en us ed o ffen s i v el y ag ai n s t a p ers o n

, i s l i k el y

t o o r act ual l y d oes res u l t i n s eri o u s b o d i l y i n j u ry [.] ” O CGA § 1 6-5 -2 1 (a) (2 ); s ee al s o

OCGA § 1 6 -5 -2 1 (j) (2 0 13 ). Pres co t t ’ s ch arg es ag ai n s t t h e v ict i m

, w h o l i v ed wi th

h i m

, i n cl u d ed s t ri k i n g t h e v i c t i m w i t h a h an d g u n

, s t ri k i n g h er wi t h h i s fi s t s

, an d

s t ran gl i n g h er. Th e v i ct im t es t i fi ed t h at

, b eg i nn i ng w i t h h er arri v al at Pres co tt ’ s h o u s e

an d c o n t i n u i n g aft er sh e m o v ed i n wi t h h im

, Pres co t t p u n ch ed her o n s ev eral

o ccas i o n s

. In ad d i t i o n

, ev i den ce rev eal ed t h at Pres co t t ch ok ed a nd p is t ol -wh i p p ed t h e

v i ct i m wh en he t h ou g h t th at s h e h ad t ak en m on ey fro m h i m

. Th erefo re, t h e ev i d en ce

was s uffi ci en t t o co n vi ct Pres co t t o f ag g rav at ed as s au lt (fam i l y v i o l en ce). See, e.g

.,

Mo o r e v. S t a t e

, Cas e N o

. A 2 0 A 1 3 4 8

, 2 0 2 0 Ga. A p p

. LEXIS 5 1 8, at * 4

- *5 (1 ) (a)

(Ga. Ap p

. Sep t

. 2 1, 2 0 2 0); Jo n es v. S t a t e

, 2 9 4 G a. Ap p

. 5 6 4, 56 6 (1 ) (6 69 SE2 d 5 0 5 )

(2 0 0 8).

(c) Ba t t er y (f a mi l y vi ol en ce)

. “ A p ers o n co m m i t s t h e o ffen s e o f b at t ery wh en

h e or s h e i n t en t io n al l y cau s es s u b s t an t i al p hy s i cal h arm o r v i s i b l e b o d i ly h arm to

an o th er.” OCGA § 1 6 -5 -2 3 .1 (a); s ee al s o OCGA § 1 6-5 -2 3 .1 (f) (2 01 3 ). Th e St at e

accu s ed Pres co t t o f cau s i n g v i s i b l e b o d il y h arm t o t h e v ict i m b y p un ch i n g an d

15s t ran gl i n g h er. In ad d i t io n t o t h e t es t im o n y ci t ed ab o v e co n cern i n g Pres co t t ’ s act s o f

ch o ki n g an d p u n ch i n g t h e v i ct im

, p h o to g rap h s o f h er i n ju ri es w ere ad m i t t ed at t ri al

.

M o reo v er, t h e v i ct i m ’ s m o t h er n o t ed t h at t h e v i ct i m h ad b ru i s in g aro u n d h er n eck an d

a s car o n h er face wh en s h e p i ck ed u p th e v i ct i m fo l lo wi n g her es cap e. Si m il arl y

, t h e

o ffi cer w h o res p o n d ed t o t h e nei g hb o r’ s h o u s e aft er t h e v i ct i m fl ed n o t i ced b ru i s i n g

o n t h e v i ct i m ’ s n eck

. T h e e v i d en ce was

, ag ai n

, s uffi ci en t t o co n vi ct Pres co t t o f

b at t ery (fam i ly vi ol en ce). See, e.g

. , Mo or e

, 2 0 2 0 Ga. Ap p

. LEXIS 5 1 8

, at * 5

- * 6 (1 )

(b ); W a l ker v. S t a t e , 3 1 5 Ga. Ap p . 8 2 1 , 8 2 3 (7 2 8 SE2 d 3 3 4 ) (2 0 1 2 ).

(d ) Tr a f fi cki n g o f p er s o n s f o r l a b o r or s exu a l s er vi t u d e

. “ A p ers o n co m

m i t s t h e

o ffen s e o f t raffi ck i n g a pers o n fo r s ex u al s erv i t u d e wh en t h at p ers o n k n o wi n g l y

s u b j e ct s an o t h er p ers o n t o o r m ai n tai n s an o th er pers o n i n s ex ual s erv i t u d e.

. . .”

OCGA § 1 6 -5 -4 6 (c) (1 ) (2 0 1 3 ). “ ‘ Sex u al s erv it u d e’ m ean s

. . . an y s ex u al l y ex p l i ci t

co n du ct o r p erfo rm a n c e in vo l v i n g s ex u al ly ex p l i ci t co n d u ct fo r wh i ch an y t h i n g o f

v al u e i s d i rect l y

o r in d i rect l y g iv en

. . . o r recei v ed b y an y p ers on

, w hi ch co n d u ct i s

i n d u ced o r o bt ai n ed b y co erci o n o r decep t i o n.

. . . ” OCGA § 1 6 -5 -4 6 (a) (6 ) (A)

(2 0 1 3). Th e St at e i n d i ct ed Pres c o t t fo r co erci n g t h e v i ct i m t o en gag e i n s ex u al

act i vi t i es wi t h ot h er p art ners an d fo r t h reat en i n g her fam i ly i f sh e at t em p t ed t o l eav e

h i m

. Ev i den ce rev eal ed th at

, aft er P r e s c o t t an d t h e v i ct i m d at ed fo r a s h ort t i m e,

16Pres co t t t o l d th e v i ct i m wh en sh e was i n h i s v eh i cl e, “ y ou m ay n o t wan t t o d o i t

, b ut

y o u ’ re g o i n g t o h o fo r m e.” He t h en p o i n t ed a h an d g un at h er h ead an d d ro ve h er to

h i s res id en ce, wh ere he p u n ch ed h er an d fo rced h er t o p e r f o rm fel l at i o o n h i m

.

Th ereaft er, h e i n s t ru ct ed t he v i ct i m o n h ow to pro s t i t u te h ers el f, in cl u d i n g d el i v eri n g

m o n ey fro m cu s t o m ers t o h i m

, an d t h reat en ed t o k i l l h er an d h er fam i l y i f s h e ev er

s i gn al ed a cu s t o m er fo r as s is t an ce.

Ov er t h e co urs e o f t h e n ex t f o u r m o nt h s

, Pres co t t ad v ert is ed t h e v i ct i m fo r

s ex u al s erv i ces fo r wh i ch h e recei v ed m o n ey ; pu rch as ed cl o t h i n g fo r h er an d

i n s t ru ct ed h er o n h ow t o dres s fo r cu s t om ers ; req u i red h er t o p erfo r m s e x act s wi th

cu s t o m ers an d wi t h hi m s el f; rep eat ed l y t h reat en ed t o k i ll h er an d her fam il y ; an d ev en

d ro v e h er t o So u t h Caro l i n a, w here he ag ai n o ffered h er fo r s ex act s wi t h cu s t o m ers

.

M o reo v er, an ex p ert in h um an traffi ck i n g t es ti fi ed t h at t h e v i ct i m ’ s d es cri p ti o n o f h er

ex p eri en ce was co n s i s t en t wi t h t raffi c k i n g an d s ex u al s erv i t u d e. W e co n cl u d e t h at

t h i s ev i d en ce i s s u ffi ci en t fo r an y rat i o n al t ri er o f fact t o fi n d Pres co t t gu i lt y b ey o n d

a reas o n ab l e d o u b t o f th e cri m e o f traffi ck in g o f p e r s o n s fo r s ex u al s erv i t u d e. See

Gr a ce v. S t a t e , 3 4 7 Ga. Ap p. 3 9 6 , 3 9 8 -3 9 9 (1 ) (8 1 9 SE2 d 6 7 4) (2 01 8 ).

(e) Pi mp i n g

. Rel ev an t t o t h i s cas e, p i m p i n g o ccu rs wh en a p ers o n “ [a]i d s o r

ab et s

, co u n s el s

, or co m

m an ds an o th er i n t h e co m m i ss i o n o f p ro s ti t ut i o n

. . . . ” OCGA

17§ 1 6 -6 -1 1 (5 ); s ee al so O CGA § 1 6 -6 -9 (2 0 1 3 ) (“ A p e r s o n co m m i t s t h e o ffen s e o f

p ro s t i t u t i o n w h en h e o r s he p erfo rm s o r o ffers o r co n s en t s t o p erfo rm a s ex u al act

,

i n cl u d i n g

, b u t n o t l i m i ted to

, s ex u al i n t erco u rs e o r s o d o m y

, fo r m o n ey o r o t h er i t em s

o f v al u e.”). Pres co t t was ch arg ed wi t h ai d i n g an d ab et t i n g t h e v ict i m i n t h e

co m m i s s io n o f pro s t i t u ti o n

. In v i ew o f t h e ev i d en ce re c o u n t e d ab o v e, i n cl u d i n g

Pres co t t ’ s ad v ert i sem e nts f or the vic tim ’ s s ex u al s erv i ces

, p ro v i di n g h er wi th cl o t h i n g

an d a l o cat io n fo r t h o s e s erv i ces

, an d u si n g t h e v i ct i m ’s t el ep h o n e t o arran g e

cu s t o m ers fo r t h o s e s erv i ces

, we co ncl u d e t h at t h e ev i d en ce was s u ffi ci en t t o fi n d

Pres co t t g u i l t y b ey o nd a reas o n ab l e d ou b t o f pi m p i ng b y ai d i ng an d ab et t i n g t h e

v i ct i m i n co m

m i t t i n g p ro s t i tu t i o n

. See Cr ei g h t on v. S t at e

, 3 2 7 Ga. A p p

. 8 25

, 8 2 8 (1 )

(b ) (7 61 SE2 d 3 73 ) (2 0 1 4 ).

(f) Pa n d er i n g

. “ A p e r s o n co m

m it s t h e o ffen s e o f p an d eri n g wh en h e o r s h e

s o l i ci t s a p ers o n t o perfo rm an act o f p ro s t i t u ti o n in h i s o r h er o wn b eh al f.

. . .”

OCGA § 1 6 -6 -1 2

. H ere, th e v i ct i m t es t i fi ed th at Pres c o t t t o l d her t hat s he wo u ld

p ro s t i t u t e h ers el f fo r h im , t ran sp o rt ed h er t o h i s res i d en ce, p hy s i cal l y as sau l t ed an d

t h reat en ed h er rep eat ed l y

, an d fo rced h e r t o p erfo rm s ex act s wi th cu s to m ers fo r

m o ney

, wh i ch s he g av e t o h i m

. Th i s ev i d en ce i s s u ffi ci en t t o co n vi ct Pres co t t o f

18p an deri n g . See Kea v. S ta t e

, 3 44 Ga. Ap p

. 25 1

, 2 5 4 (2 ) (a) (8 1 0 SE2 d 1 52 ) (2 0 1 8 );

s ee al so OCGA § 1 6 -6 -9 (2 0 1 3 ).

(g ) Fa l s e i mp r is o nmen t

. “ A p ers o n co m m i t s th e o ffen s e o f fal s e i m p ri s o n m en t

wh en

, i n v i o lat i o n o f t he p ers o n al l i b ert y of an ot h er, h e

. . . det ai n s su ch p ers o n

wi t h o u t l eg al au t h o ri t y .” OCGA § 16 -5 -4 1 (a). Th e v i ct i m t es ti fi ed t h a t Pres co t t

d et ai ned h er at h is res i d en ce o v er t h e co u rs e of fo u r m o n t h s t h r o u g h a p at t ern o f

ab u se an d t h reat s

, i n cl u d i n g m u l t i p l e t h reat s to k i l l h er, h er fam il y

, an d her cu s t o m ers

s h o u ld s h e at tem

p t t o l eav e. W e co n cl u d e t hat t h i s ev i d en ce was s u ffi ci en t t o al l o w

a rat i on al tri er of fact t o fi n d Pres co t t g ui lt y b ey o n d a reas o n ab l e d o u bt o f fal s e

i m p ri s o n m en t

. See Ta

yl o r v. S t a t e

, 3 4 4 G a. Ap p

. 1 2 2, 13 0 -1 3 1 (1 ) (f) (8 0 9 SE2 d 7 6 )

(2 0 1 7); S ch n ei der v. S t a t e , 3 12 Ga. Ap p . 5 0 4 , 5 0 8 (3 ) (7 1 8 SE2 d 8 3 3) (2 01 1 ).

(h ) Ag g r a va t ed a s sa u l t wi t h a d ea d l y wea p o n

. Ag g rav at ed as s au l t al s o o ccu rs

wh en a p ers o n as s au l t s a n o t h er wi t h a d ead ly weap o n

. OCGA § 1 6 -5 -2 1 (a) (2 )

(2 0 1 3). Th e St at e ch arg ed Pres co t t wi t h p o i nt i n g a h an dg u n at t h e v i ct i m

. Th e v i ct i m

t es t i fi ed t h at Pres co t t fi rs t p o i n t ed a h an d g u n at h er wh en t h ey were t rav el i n g t o h i s

res i den ce fro m t hei r th ird d at e. Th ereaft er, t h e v ict i m des cri b ed o th er o ccas i o n s wh en

Pres co t t p o i n t ed a h an dg u n at h er, i n cl u d i n g wh en Pres co t t fo rced h er i n t o a s h o wer,

cl o s ed t h e cu rt ai n, p o i n t ed t h e h a n d g u n at h er, an d th reat en ed to k i l l h er. Th i s

19ev i d en ce i s s u ffi ci en t t o s u p p o rt Pres co t t ’ s co n v i ct i o n fo r ag g rav at ed as s au l t

. See,

e.g

., Ta yl o r , 3 4 4 Ga. Ap p

. at 1 3 0 (1 ) (e).

(i ) Gi vi n g f a ls e i n fo rma ti o n t o a l a w en

f o r cemen t o

f f icer

. “ A p ers o n w h o g i v es

a fal se n am e, ad d res s

, o r d at e o f b i rt h t o a l aw en fo r cem en t offi cer i n t h e l awfu l

d i s ch arg e o f h i s o f

f i c i a l d u t i es wi t h t he i n t en t o f m i s l ead i n g th e o ffi cer as t o h i s

i d en t i t y o r b i rt h dat e i s g u i l t y o f a m i s d em ean o r.” OCGA § 1 6 -1 0 -2 5

. Pres co t t was

accu s ed o f g i v i n g an offi cer a fal s e n am e an d d at e o f b i r t h

. Th e ev i d en ce rev eal ed

t h at

, w h en h e was ap preh en d ed fo l lo wi n g th e v i ct i m ’ s es cap e, Pres co t t g av e o ffi cers

t h e n am e “ T am ar By i rt .” O ffi cers s earch ed Pres co t t ’ s p o ck e t s w hen h e was

a p p reh en d ed

, an d fo u n d i d en t i fi cat i o n card s fo r By irt an d Pres co t t

. M o re o v e r

,

Pres co t t ’ s cri m i n al cas e i d en t i fi ed h i m as Sh av o n J ab b ar Pres co t t . Th erefo re, “ [t ] h e

ev i d en ce was s u f

f i c i e n t f o r a rat i o n al t ri er of fact t o fi n d t h at ap p el l an t ’ s real n am e

was [Sh av o n Jab bar Pres co t t ] an d th at h e g av e a f a l s e n a m e t o t h e [res p o n d i n g

o ffi cer] .” S i n g let o n v. S t a t e , 2 5 9 Ga. Ap p

. 1 8 4

, 1 8 6 (3 ) (5 77 SE2 d 6 ) (2 0 0 3 ).

In s u m

, we co n cl ud e t hat t h e ev i d en ce was s u ffi ci e n t t o f i n d Pres co t t g ui l t y

b ey o n d a reas o n ab l e d ou b t o f each o f t he cri m es fo r wh i ch h e was co n v i ct ed

.

3

. Pres co tt al s o rai s es s ev eral cl ai m s o f in effect i v e as s i s t an ce o f t ri al co u n s el

,

i n cl u d i n g t ri al co u n s el ’ s al l eg ed fai l u re t o : (1 ) ap p eal cert ai n u n i d en t i fi ed t ri al co u rt

20ru l i n gs ; (2 ) ad eq u at el y i n v es t i g at e h i s arre s t ; ( 3 ) ad vi s e h i m o f h i s ap pel l at e ri g h t s ;

(4 ) cro s s -ex am i n e “ i m

po rt an t ,” y et u n i d en t i fi ed

, wi t n es ses ; an d (5 ) fi l e a m o t i o n to

s u p p res s u n i d en t i fi ed ev i d en ce. No n e are m eri t o ri o u s

.

To d em o n s t rat e i n effect i v e as s i s t an ce o f t ri al co u n s el

, Pres co t t “ h as t h e b u rd en

o f p ro v i n g t h at co u n sel ’ s p erfo rm an ce was d efi ci en t

, an d t h at

, b ut fo r t h e d efi ci en cy

,

t h ere w as a reas o n ab le p ro b ab i l i t y t he o u tco m e o f th e t r i a l wo u l d h av e b een

d i fferen t.” (Ci t at i o n s an d p u n ct u at i o n o m i tt ed ). S t a te v. Ba n ks

, 3 3 7 Ga. Ap p

. 7 4 9

, 7 5 1

(7 8 9 SE2 d 6 1 9 ) (2 01 6 ). “ T h i s b u rd en

, al t h o u g h n o t i m p o ss i b l e to carry

, is a h eav y

o n e, b ecau s e wh en rev i ewi n g i n effect i v e as s i s t an ce o f co u n s el cl ai m s, t h i s Co u rt

ap p li es a s tro ng p res u m

p t i o n t h at co u n s el ’ s p erfo rm an ce fal l s wi th i n t h e wi d e ran g e

o f reas o nab l e p ro fes s io n al as s i s t an ce.” (Ci t at i o n s an d p u n ct u at i o n o m i t t ed .) W i g g i n s

v. St a t e

, 3 3 8 Ga. Ap p

. 2 7 3

, 2 8 3 ( 6 ) ( 7 8 7 S E 2 d 3 57 ) (2 0 1 6 ). If a d efen d an t fai l s to

s at i s fy ei t h er p ro n g of t h e t es t fo r i n effect iv e as s i s t an ce o f co u n s el

, i t i s n o t in cu m b en t

u p o n t h i s Co u rt t o ex am i n e th e o t her p ro n g

. See, e.g

., Th oma s v. S t a t e

, 3 1 8 G a. Ap p.

8 4 9 , 8 5 7 (5 ) (7 3 4 SE2 d 8 23 ) (2 0 1 2 ).

21Of t h e fi v e s p eci fi c gro u n d s o f i n effect iv e as s i s tanc e of co u n s el Pres co t t rai s ed

,

h e d i d no t q ues t i o n t ri al co un s el ab o u t an y o f t h em

. 5 No r d i d Pres co t t t es t i fy d u ri n g

t h e h eari ng o n h i s m ot i o n fo r n ew t ri al . Acco rd i n g l y

, ev en as s u m in g t h at Pres co t t ’ s

al l eg at i o n s o f i n effect i v e as si s t an ce are d efi n it e en o ug h t o p erm i t rev iew, s ee Pi n so n

v. S t a t e

, 2 6 6 Ga. Ap p

. 2 5 4

, 2 5 9 (3 ) (b ) (5 96 SE2 d 7 3 4 ) (2 0 0 4 ), h e h as fai l ed to

p res en t an y ev id en ce o r po i n t t o ev i d en ce i n t h e reco rd i n su p po rt o f h is al l eg at i o n s

.

It n eces s ari l y fo l l o ws t h at Pres co t t has n o t s at i s fi ed t h e h eav y b u rd en t o d em o n s t rat e

i n effect i v e as s is t an ce o f t ri al co u n s el . See W i g g i n s , 3 3 8 Ga. Ap p

. at 2 8 3 (6 ).

4

. In t wo en u m erat i o n s

, Pres co t t co n t en d s t h at t h e t ri al co u rt v i o lat ed h i s ri g ht

t o a s p eed y

t ri al u n d er t h e Un i ted St at es an d Geo rg i a co ns t i t u ti o ns becau s e i t fai l ed

t o t ry h i m wi t h i n a reas o n ab l e t i m e. In v iew o f Pres co t t ’s f a i l u re t o s up p o rt t h e

e nu m erat i o n s wi t h ci t at i on s of au t h o ri t y o r t o t h e reco rd

, h o wev er

, the s e e n um e r a tions

are d eem ed ab an d on ed

. See Co u rt o f A pp eal s Ru l e 2 5 (c) (2 ); S m i th v. S ta t e

, 2 7 7 Ga.

Ap p

. 3 2 1

, 3 2 2 (6 26 SE2 d 5 4 0 ) (2 0 0 6 ) ( f i nd i n g t h at defen d an t w ai v ed s p eed y t ri al

arg u m en t s fo r ap p el l at e rev i ew d u e t o l ack o f arg u m en t).

5 Pres co t t b ri efl y qu es t io n ed o n e o f hi s t ri al co u n sel ab o ut t h e fai l u re t o

ch al l en g e cert ai n ev i d en ce b ecau s e t h e ev id en ce “ w as n ’ t p a r t o f t h e di sco v ery .”

Ho wev er, s i n ce t h e q u es t i o n d i d n o t rai s e an y l eg al b as i s t o s u p pres s th e ev i d en ce,

Pres co t t h as ag ai n fai l ed t o d em o n s t rat e erro r b y t ri al co un s el

.

225

. Pres co t t fu rt her co n t en d s t h at h e was d en i ed h i s ri gh t t o t ri al b y ju ry b ecau s e

t h e t r i a l co u rt

, rat h er t h an t h e ju ry

, s en t en ced hi m

. In as m u ch as Pres co t t was n o t

faci ng a ch arg e p un i s h ab l e b y deat h

, h e di d n o t h av e a ri g h t t o a s en t en ci n g h eari n g

b efo re a ju ry

. See OCGA § 1 7-1 0 -2 (a) (1 ) (“ Ex cep t i n cas es in wh i ch t h e d eat h

p en al t y m ay b e i m

p o sed

, up o n t h e ret u rn o f a v erd i c t o f ‘g u i l t y’ b y th e ju ry i n an y

fel o n y cas e, t he ju d

g e s h a l l d i s mi s s t h e j ur

y an d s h al l co nd u ct a p res en t en ce h eari n g

at wh i ch t h e o n l y i s s u e s h al l b e t h e d et erm i n at i o n o f p un i s h m en t t o b e i m p o s ed .”)

(em p h as i s s u p p li ed ). Th u s , t here i s n o erro r.

6

. Pres co t t as s ert s

, wi t h n o ci t at i o n s t o t h e reco rd o r t o su p po rt i v e au t h o ri t y

,

t h at t he “ v erd i ct

, s en t en ce, an d ju d g m en t v io l at es t h e co n s t i t u t i o n o r l aws o f t h e

Un i ted St at es .” “ T h i s en u m erat i o n i s t o o v ag u e an d i nd efi n i t e an d p res en t s n o t h i n g

fo r rev i ew.” (Ci tat i o n an d p un ct u at i o n o m i t t ed .) Pi n s o n

, 2 6 6 Ga. Ap p. at 2 5 9 (3 ) (b );

s ee al so Ma r t i n v. S t a te , 2 2 3 Ga. 6 4 9 , 6 5 3 (7 ) (1 5 7 SE2 d 4 5 8 ) (1 9 6 7 ).

7

. Nex t, Pres co t t arg u es t h at t h e t ri al co u rt erred b y al l o wi ng th e St at e “ t o m ak e

s t at em e n t s o f preju d ici al m at t ers wh i ch were n o t i n ev i d en ce an d w h i ch were al s o

[co n t rad i ct o ry ] ,” an d b y n o t d ecl ari n g a m i s t ri al

. No t o n l y h a s P r e sco t t fai l ed to

i d en t i fy t h e “ s tat em en t s o f p reju d i ci al m at t ers ” h e co n t es t s

, h e h as no t s h o wn wh ere

23i n t h e reco rd h e o b j ect ed to t h e p h an t o m s t at em en t s o r m o v ed fo r a m i s t r i a l

. 6 A n d

ev en i f Pres co tt d i d n o t m o ve fo r a m i st ri al

, “ th e t ri al co u rt was req u ired t o a c t s u a

s p o n te on l y i f t h ere was a m an ifes t n eces s i t y fo r a m i s t ri al

. ” (Ci t at i o n an d pu n ct u at i o n

o m it t ed .) Bu r d

en v. St a t e

, 2 9 6 Ga. Ap p

. 4 4 1, 4 46 (4 ) (a) (6 7 4 S E 2 d 6 6 8 ) ( 2 0 0 9 ).

Pres co t t h as n o t i d en t i fi ed an y su ch n eces s i t y

. See, e.g

., Da ven p o rt v. St a t e

, 3 1 6 Ga.

Ap p . 2 3 4 , 2 3 8 (2 ) (7 2 9 SE2 d 4 4 2 ) (2 0 1 2 ). As a res u l t, t h is en u m erat i o n fai l s

.

8

. Pres co t t al so co n t en d s t h at “ t h e v erd ict w as d eci d ed u p o n m at eri al ev i d en ce

i l leg al l y ad m i t t ed an d ev i d en ce i l l eg al l y wi t h h el d fro m t h e ju ry .” Fo r t h e reas o n s an d

au t h o ri t y ci t ed in Di v i s i o n 6

, s u p ra, th i s en um erat io n i s wi t h ou t m eri t

. See Ma r t i n

,

2 2 3 Ga. at 6 5 3 (7 ); Pi n s on , 2 6 6 Ga. Ap p . at 2 5 9 (3 ) (b ).

9

. U n d er th e b ro ad cat eg o ry of “ eq u al p ro tect io n an d d u e pro ces s ,” Pres co t t

as s ert s t hat h i s ri g h t s were v i o l at ed b ecau s e: (1 ) th e t ri al co u rt

, h i s t ri al co u n s el

, an d

t h e St at e s u b m i tt ed fal s e an d p erju red d o cu m en t s an d ev i d en ce t h ro u g h h i s t ri al

co u ns el ; (2 ) t h e St at e p res en t ed fal s e s t at em en t s an d n arrat i v es o f t he c r i m e s t o t h e

ju ry ; (3 ) “ t h e tri al co u rt an d t h e St at e i n t en t io n al l y d en i ed [h i m ] p ro ced u ral d u e

6 A b ri ef rev i ew o f t h e t ri al t ran s cri p t rev eal s two o ccas i o ns wh ere Pres co t t ’ s

co u ns el m o v ed fo r a m i s t ri al

. Pres co t t ’ s en u m erat i o n d o es no t i den t i fy wh i ch o f t h e

t ri al co u rt ’ s ru l i n g s o n t h es e t wo m o t io n s h e ch al l en g es

, o r i f t h ere are o t h er i n s t an ces

fo r wh i ch a m is t ri al s h o ul d h av e b een g ran t ed

.

24p ro ces s ; ” (4 ) t h e St at e sh i ft ed t h e b u rd en of p ro of “ i n t h e p res en ce an d h eari n g o f t h e

ju ry [; ] ” (5 ) h e “ was den i ed t h e fu n d a m en t al fed eral an d St at e co n s t i t u t i on al ri g ht s

,

p ri v i leg es

, an d i m

m u n i t i es g u aran t eed h i m b y

, b o t h t h e Geo rg i a an d t he Un i t ed St at es

co n st i t u t io n s ; ” an d (6 ) t h e t ri al co u rt d en i ed hi s m ot i o n t o s t ri k e an d di s q ual i fy t h e

en t i re ju ry p an el d u e to an u n i d en t i fi ed c o m m e n t b y a p ro s pect i ve ju ro r.

No t w i t hs t an d i n g t h e v ag u e an d i n d efi n i t e n at u re o f Pres co t t ’s en um erat io n s

, s ee

Ma r t i n

, 2 2 3 Ga. at 6 5 3 (7 ); Pi n s o n

, 2 6 6 Ga. Ap p

. at 2 59 (3 ) (b ), n o n e are s u p p o rt ed

b y ci t at i o n s o f au t h ori t y o r t o t h e reco rd

. As a res u l t

, t h es e en u m erat i o n s are d eem ed

ab an do n ed . Co u rt o f Ap p eal s Ru le 2 5 (c) (2 ).

1 0 . Pres co t t n ex t arg u es , i n a s eri es o f en u m erat i o n s

, t h at h e was d ep ri v ed o f

a fai r t ri al d u e t o t h e St at e’ s s u b m i s s io n o f a v a r i e t y o f fal s e d ocu m en t s, i n cl u d i n g:

(1 ) “ perju red an d t am

p ered t es t i m o n i es , p h o n e reco rd i n gs , d o cu m en t s

, d ep o s i t i o n s

,

ev i d en ce, i n d i ct m en t

, an d co u rt reco rd s wh i ch h ad b een pu rp o s efu l l y al t ered ; ” (2 ) a

s t at em en t b y a l aw en fo r c e m e n t o ffi cer b efo re t h e g ran d ju ry th at co n t rad i ct ed

Pres co t t ’ s i n d i ct m en t ; (3 ) a “ fal s i fi ed

. . . i n di ct m en t ; ” an d (4 ) “ fal s i fi ed co u rt reco rd s

,

cal en d ars

, an d d o cu m en t s wh i ch res u l t ed in an u nl awfu l i n d i ct m en t

. . . .” No t o n l y h as

Pres co t t fai l ed t o ci t e t o t h e d ocu m en t s in t h e reco rd

, m u ch l es s ev en s peci fi cal l y

ide n tif y t h e al l eg ed l y offen d in g d o cu m en t s

, t h e en u m erat i on s ar e va gue a nd inde f inite

25an d are n o t s u p p o rt ed b y ci t at io n s o f au t h o ri ty

. Th erefo re, t h ey are d eem ed

ab an do n ed . Co u rt o f Ap p eal s Ru le 2 5 (c) (2 ).

1 1

. Pres co t t al s o co n ten d s t h at h i s co n v i ct io n was p ro cu red b y t h e St at e’ s

p erv as i v e m i s co nd u ct

, i n c l u d i n g : (1 ) “ t am p eri n g an d al t eri n g ev i d en ce an d

d o cu m en t s

. . . an d b y in ten t i o n al l y an d d el i b erat el y m an ip u l at i n g t h e co u rt

p ro ceed in g s wi t h fal se s t at em en t s an d l ies i n t h e heari n g o f t h e ju ry [; ] ” (2 ) “ i l l eg al

wi ret ap p i n g[,] p e r

j u r e d affi d av i t s [; ] p erju red an d tai n ted j ai l p h o ne reco rd i n gs [; ]

i l leg al l y ad m i t t ed p erju red t es t i m o n i es [; ] [an d ] al t ered an d am en d ed p ret ri al an d t ri al

t ran s cri p t s [; ] ” an d (3 ) fal s e s t at em en t s co n cern i ng th e t en u re o f a l a w en fo rcem en t

o ffi cer. Fo r th e reas o n s s t at ed i n Di v i s i o n s 9 a n d 1 0

, s up ra, t hes e en u m erat i o n s are

d eem ed ab an d o ned . Co u rt o f Ap p eal s Ru l e 2 5 (c) (2 ).

1 2

. P r e s c o t t arg ues th at t h e St at e, “ i n jo in t co ns p iracy wi t h b ot h th e Pu b l i c

Defen d ers Offi ce an d th e M et ro Co n fl i ct Defen d ers Offi ce

. . . wi t h h el d fav o rab l e

ev i d en ce t o ward s [Pres co t t ] fro m t h e ju ry d u ri ng d el i b erat i o n s ” an d “ i ll eg al l y i s s u ed

s u b p oen as t o p ers o ns n o t l i st ed i n t h e . . . i n di ct m en t

. . . .” By fai l i n g t o id en t i fy t h e

s u b ject ev i den ce, t he m an n er in wh i ch t h e s u bp o en as were i s s ued

, an d t h e p ers on s

u p o n wh o m t h e s u b p o en as were s erv ed

, Pres co t t ’ s en u m erat i o n pres en t s n o t h i n g fo r

o u r rev i ew. See Ma r t i n , 2 2 3 Ga. at 6 5 3 (7 ); Pi n so n

, 2 6 6 Ga. Ap p . at 2 5 9 (3 ) (b ).

261 3

. Pres co t t n ex t as s ert s t h at t h e t ri al co u rt ab u se d i t s d i s cret i o n i n fai l i n g to

h ear h i s co m

p l ai n t s a b o u t h i s ap p o i n t ed t ri al co u n s el

, res u lt in g i n a co n fl i ct o f

i n t eres t

. Ab s en t ci t at io n s t o t h e reco rd

, arg um en t i n su p po rt o f t h e en u m erat i o n

, an d

au t h o ri t y i n s u p p o rt o f t h e arg u m en t

, th i s en u m erat i on i s d eem e d ab an do n ed

. See

Co u rt o f Ap p eal s Ru l e 2 5 (c) (2 ).

1 4

. Fi n al l y

, Pres co tt arg u es t h at t h e t ri al co u rt “ d i d n o t s et reas o n ab l e an d

co n si s t en t bai l ” o r g r a n t h i m an ap p eal bo n d

. T o t h e ex t en t Pres co t t ch al l en g es t h e

t ri al co u rt ’ s al l eg ed fai l ure t o award hi m a reas o n ab l e b o n d p ri o r t o t ri al

, t h e s am e i s

d eem ed ab an do n ed

. See Co u rt o f Ap p eal s Ru l e 2 5 (c) (2 ). Fu rt h erm o re, an y arg u m en t

co n cern in g an ap p eal b on d i s m o o t i n v iew o f ou r affi rm an ce o f P r e s co t t ’ s

co n vi ct i o n s

. See, e.g

. , La ws o n v. S ta t e

, 2 42 Ga. 7 4 4, 7 4 5 (2 ) (2 5 1 SE2 d 3 04 ) (1 9 7 8 ).

In s u m

, we co n cl ud e t hat t h e ev i d en ce was s u ffi ci en t t o fi n d Pre s c o t t g u i l t y

b ey o n d a reas o nab l e d o u b t o f t h e c ri m es fo r wh i ch h e w as co n vi ct ed

. W e al s o

co n cl u d e t h at Pres co tt fai l ed t o s at i s fy h is b u rd en t o d em o n st rat e i n effect i v e

as s i s tan ce o f tri al co u n s el

. Fi n al l y

, we co n cl u d e t h at Pres co t t ’ s rem ai ni n g arg u m en t s

are ei t h er wi th o u t m eri t or d eem ed ab an d o n ed

. Th erefo re, we affi rm t h e t ri al co urt ’ s

d en ial o f Pres co t t’ s m o t i o n fo r n ew t ri al

.

Ju d g men t a f f i r m ed . McFa d

d en , C. J., a nd

Do yl e, P. J., co n cu r

.

27