# Patent

## Title
Lightning protection and safety rail system

## Abstract

A lightning protection and safety rail system comprising a number of bases, vertical posts, horizontal rails, caps, mounting brackets, and lightning cables. The bases anchor the system to an elevated surface. The vertical posts extend upward from the bases. The horizontal rails extend between the vertical rails. The caps are positioned at tops of the vertical posts. The lightning cables are connected to the caps via the mounting brackets and are configured to be connected to an electrical ground. Lightning current travels from the caps, through the lightning cables, and to the electrical ground. Lightning current may also pass through the horizontal rails to a lightning cable attached to another cap.

## Background
BACKGROUND
The present invention relates to lightning protection devices and to safety rail devices.
Safety rail systems are used on rooftops and other elevated surfaces to prevent workers and other individuals from falling off of the roof. Lightning protection devices are used on rooftops to prevent damage to the building from lightning strikes. The safety rail systems and the lightning protection systems must each be specified, designed, purchased, and installed. This results in high costs to building owners to bring their buildings within building codes to ensure building safety.
SUMMARY
A lightning protection and safety rail system that allows lightning to be safely directed to an electrical ground and that prevents workers and other individuals from falling off of a rooftop or other elevated surface is provided.
One embodiment of the present invention is a lightning protection and safety rail system that includes a number of bases, vertical posts, connectors, horizontal midrails, horizontal toprails, caps, mounting brackets, and lightning cables. The bases anchor the system to the elevated surface and support the vertical posts. The vertical posts extend upwards from the bases and support the horizontal midrails and the horizontal toprails. The connectors secure the horizontal midrails and horizontal toprails to the vertical posts via fasteners. The horizontal midrails extend between middle portions of the vertical posts. The horizontal toprails extend between top portions of the vertical posts. The caps are positioned on tops of the vertical posts for mounting the horizontal toprails and the lightning cables thereto. The mounting brackets are positioned over or around the lightning cables and cinched against the caps so that the lightning cables are secured to the caps. The lightning cables extend from the caps, down the vertical posts, and to an electrical ground on or in the elevated surface.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described in the detailed description below. The summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawing figures.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a lightning protection and safety rail system constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the lightning protection and safety rail system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a portion of the lightning protection and safety rail system of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a lightning protection system constructed in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.



The drawing figures do not limit the current invention to the specific embodiments disclosed and described herein. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
The following detailed description of the present invention references the accompanying drawings that illustrate specific embodiments in which the present invention can be practiced. The embodiments are intended to describe aspects of the present invention in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention. Other embodiments can be utilized and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the current invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense. The scope of the current invention is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
In this description, references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or “embodiments” mean that the feature or features being referred to are included in at least one embodiment of the technology. Separate references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or “embodiments” in this description do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and are also not mutually exclusive unless so stated and/or except as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the description. For example, a feature, structure, act, etc. described in one embodiment may also be included in other embodiments, but is not necessarily included. Thus, the current technology can include a variety of combinations and/or integrations of the embodiments described herein.
Turning to FIGS. 1-3, embodiments of the present invention are directed to a lightning protection and safety rail system 10. The lightning protection and safety rail system 10 is configured to be mounted on a rooftop surface 100 or other elevated surface for guarding a hazardous edge or hazardous area and for safely channeling lightning current to an electrical ground. The lightning protection and safety rail system 10 includes a plurality of bases 12a,b, a plurality of vertical posts 14a,b, a plurality of connectors 16a-d, a plurality of horizontal midrails 18a,b, a plurality of horizontal toprails 20a,b, a plurality of caps 22a,b, a plurality of mounting brackets 24a,b, and a plurality of lightning cables 26a,b. 
The bases 12a,b anchor the lightning protection and safety rail system 10 to the surface 100 and are formed of aluminum, steel, or other suitable material. Each base 12a,b includes a foot 28 and a receiver 30. The foot 28 may be a plate, a flange, or other shape and includes a plurality of holes 32 for receiving fasteners therethrough. The receiver 30 extends from the foot 28 and includes geometry for receiving a bottom of one of the vertical posts 14a,b. The receiving geometry may be a hole, slot, sleeve, tube, cylinder, or other shape. Alternatively, the vertical posts 14a,b may be welded or connected directly to the foot 28.
The vertical posts 14a,b extend upward from the bases 12a,b for supporting the horizontal rails 18a,b and 20a,b and are formed of aluminum, steel, or other suitable material. The vertical posts 14a,b may be tubes, pipes, bars, or other elongated structural member. The vertical posts 14a,b may include midrail connection points for connecting the horizontal midrails 18a,b to middle portions of the vertical posts 14a,b. The connection points may be holes, protrusions, clamps, or other fasteners or connectors.
The connectors 16a,b connect ends of the horizontal midrails 18a,b to the midrail connection points and the connectors 16c,d connect ends of the horizontal toprails 20a,b to the caps 22a,b described below. The connectors 16a-d are formed of aluminum, steel, or other material capable of conducting lightning current therethrough and each include a cylindrical portion 34 and a flange 36. The cylindrical portion 34 is inserted into or slid over an end of one of the horizontal rails 18a,b, 20a,b, and may include a set screw 38 or other fastener for securing the cylindrical portion 34 to the horizontal rail. The flange 36 is configured to be attached to a mounting surface of one of the vertical posts 14a,b or to be attached to a mounting surface of one of the caps 22a,b and includes a hole or slot 40 for inserting a fastener therethrough.
The horizontal midrails 18a,b add rigidity to the lightning protection and safety rail system 10 and prevent individuals from accidentally going past the system 10 below the horizontal top rails 20a,b. The horizontal midrails 18a,b are formed of aluminum or steel and may be tubes, pipes, bars, or other elongated straight or curved structural members extending between middle portions of the vertical posts 14a,b. The ends of the horizontal midrails 18a,b are inserted into or slid over the cylindrical portion 34 of the connectors 16a,b. 
The horizontal toprails 20a,b add rigidity to the lightning protection and safety rail system 10 and prevent people from accidentally going past the system 10 above the horizontal midrails 18a,b. The horizontal toprails 20a,b also provide an electrical path for the lightning to travel to the lightning cables 26a,b. The horizontal toprails 20a,b are formed of aluminum, steel, or other suitable material and may be tubes, pipes, bars, or other elongated straight or curved structural members extending between top portions of the vertical posts 14a,b. The ends of the horizontal toprails 20a,b are inserted into or slid over the cylindrical portion 34 of the connectors 16c,d. 
The caps 22a,b provide an anchor point for the horizontal toprails 20a,b and the lightning cables 26a,b and are positioned on a top of the vertical posts 14a,b. The caps 22a,b are formed of aluminum, steel, or other suitable material capable of conducting lightning current therethrough and may have a rounded, flat or contoured shape at its top. The caps 22a,b each include a mounting surface 42 that includes mounting holes or slots 44 and/or mounting bosses 46 for connecting one of the flanges 36 of the connectors 16c,d to the cap and for connecting one of the mounting brackets 24a,b to the cap.
The mounting brackets 24a,b secure the lightning cables 26a,b to the caps 22a,b and are formed of aluminum, steel, or any other suitable material. The mounting brackets 24a,b each include a number of contours 48 and a mounting hole 50. The contours 48 are arcuate for generally conforming to an outer shape of the lightning cables 26a,b and may be partitioned into two sections for conforming to two lightning cables. The mounting hole 50 is provided for inserting a fastener therethrough for fastening the mounting brackets 24a,b to the caps 22a,b. 
The lightning cables 26a,b transfer lightning current from the caps 22a,b to an electrical ground and are twisted or braided electrical cables. The lightning cables 26a,b are cradled in the contours 48 of the mounting brackets 24a,b and cinched between the mounting brackets 24a,b and the caps 22a,b. The lightning cables 26a,b may also at least partially be routed through inner portions of the vertical posts 14a,b so that the lightning cables 26a,b are at least partially concealed.
Lightning striking the lightning protection and safety rail system 10 will hit one or more of the caps 22a,b or one of the horizontal toprails 20a,b and will travel through the caps 22a,b to one of the lightning cables 26a,b. The lightning will continue down through one or more of the lightning cables 26a,b to the electrical ground. If the lightning hits a cap that does not have one of the lightning cables 26a,b attached to it, the lightning will travel horizontally through one of the horizontal toprails 20a,b to a cap that has one of the lightning cables 26a,b attached to it. For example, the lightning will travel through the cap, through a connector connected to the cap, through the horizontal toprail 20a, through the connector 16a, through the cap 22a, and down through the lightning cable 26a. In this way, only a fraction of the caps need a lightning cable 26a,b attached to them.
Embodiments of the invention such as the above-described lightning protection and safety rail system 10 enable a building or other structure to have fall protection and lightning protection without the building owner or other entity requiring the individual specification, design, purchase, and installation of a lightning protection system and safety rail system. The lightning protection and safety rail system 10 thus saves the building owner or other entity thousands of dollars and hundreds of labor hours.
Turning to FIG. 4, another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a lightning protection system 52. The lightning protection system 52 is configured to be mounted on a rooftop surface 200 similar to the rooftop surface 100 or other elevated surface or structure for safely channeling lightning current to an electrical ground. The lightning protection system 52 includes a plurality of bases 54a,b, a plurality of caps 56a,b, a plurality of connectors 58a,b, a plurality of horizontal rails 60a,b, a plurality of mounting brackets 62a,b, and a plurality of lightning cables 64a,b. 
The components of the lightning protection system 52 are constructed essentially the same as the corresponding components of the lightning protection and safety rail system 10 described above.
The lightning protection system 52 allows for the lightning cables 64a,b to be easily installed at various locations and provides an attractive high point (caps 56a,b) for lightning to be channeled through. The lightning protection system 52 also provides a safe high point that is not sharp or dangerous to workers or other personnel.
Lightning striking the lightning protection and safety rail system 52 will hit one or more of the caps 56a,b or one of the horizontal rails 60a,b and will travel through the caps 56a,b to one of the lightning cables 64a,b. The lightning will continue down through one or more of the lightning cables 64a,b to the electrical ground. If the lightning hits a cap that does not have one of the lightning cables 64a,b attached to it, the lightning will travel horizontally through one of the horizontal rails 60a,b to a cap that has one of the lightning cables 64a,b attached to it. In this way, only a fraction of the caps need a lightning cable 64a,b attached to them.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the attached drawing figures, it is noted that equivalents may be employed and substitutions made herein without departing from the scope of the present invention as recited in the claims.

## Claims

1. A lightning protection and safety rail system for grounding lightning and for preventing falls, the lightning protection and safety rail system comprising:
at least two bases for anchoring the lightning protection and safety rail system;
at least two vertical posts extending from the bases;
at least one horizontal rail extending between the vertical posts;
a cap positioned at a top of one of the vertical posts for connecting a lightning cable to the cap for carrying lightning current from the cap to an electrical ground, wherein the cap includes a mounting surface having a first anchor point for the at least one horizontal rail and a second anchor point for the lightning cable; and
a mounting bracket configured to be connected to the cap via a fastener for securing the lightning cable to the cap, wherein the mounting bracket includes a contour for conforming to an outer surface of the lightning cable.

2. The lightning protection and safety rail system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first connector configured to be attached to a first end of the horizontal rail and attached to the cap via a fastener; and
a second connector configured to be attached to a second end of the horizontal rail opposite the first end and attached to a cap on another one of the vertical posts via a fastener.

3. The lightning protection and safety rail system of claim 2, wherein each connector includes a cylindrical portion for connecting to the horizontal rail and a flange for connecting to one of the vertical posts.

4. The lightning protection and safety rail system of claim 3, wherein the ends of the horizontal rail are inserted into the cylindrical portions.

5. The lightning protection and safety rail system of claim 3, wherein the flanges are configured to be connected to a flange of another vertical post.

6. The lightning protection and safety rail system of claim 1, wherein the mounting bracket includes an additional contour for conforming to an outer surface of another lightning cable.

7. A lightning protection and safety rail system for grounding lightning and for preventing falls, the lightning protection and safety rail system comprising:
at least two bases for anchoring the lightning protection and safety rail system;
at least two vertical posts extending from the bases;
at least one midrail extending between the vertical posts;
at least one horizontal rail extending between the vertical posts;
a first cap positioned at a top of one of the vertical posts;
a second cap positioned at a top of another one of the vertical posts, wherein the first cap and the second cap include a mounting surface having a first anchor point for the at least one horizontal rail and a second anchor point for a lightning cable; and
a mounting bracket configured to be connected to the first cap via a fastener for securing the lightning cable between the mounting bracket and the first cap, wherein the mounting bracket includes a contour for conforming to an outer surface of the lightning cable;
the horizontal rail being configured to carry lightning current therethrough so that lightning hitting the second cap travels from the second cap, through the horizontal rail, to the first cap, through the lightning cable to an electrical ground.

8. The lightning protection and safety rail system of claim 7, further comprising:
a first connector configured to be attached to a first end of the horizontal rail and attached to the cap via a fastener; and
a second connector configured to be attached to a second end of the horizontal rail opposite the first end and attached to a cap on another one of the vertical posts via a fastener.

9. The lightning protection and safety rail system of claim 8, wherein each connector includes a cylindrical portion for connecting to the horizontal rail and a flange for connecting to one of the vertical posts.

10. The lightning protection and safety rail system of claim 9, wherein the ends of the horizontal rail are inserted into the cylindrical portions.

11. The lightning protection and safety rail system of claim 9, wherein the flanges are configured to be connected to a flange of another vertical post.

12. The lightning protection and safety rail system of claim 7, wherein the mounting bracket includes an additional contour for conforming to an outer surface of another lightning cable.

13. A lightning protection system for grounding lightning, the lightning protection system comprising:
a base;
a cap attached to the base wherein the cap includes a mounting surface for connecting a lightning cable to the cap at a first anchor point and for connecting an at least one horizontal rail to the cap at a second anchor point for carrying lightning current from the cap to an electrical ground; and
a mounting bracket configured to be connected to the cap for connecting the lightning cable between the mounting bracket and the cap, wherein the mounting bracket includes a contour configured to conform to a shape of the lightning cable.

14. The lightning protection system of claim 13, wherein a top of the cap is rounded.