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IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS OF WEST VIRGINIA

BLACKHAWK MINING, LLC,

Employer Below, Petitioner

vs.) No. 22-ICA-264 (BOR Appeal No. 2058403)

 (JCN: 2022000319)

MICHAEL COOMES,

Claimant Below, Respondent

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Petitioner Blackhawk Mining, LLC (“Blackhawk”) appeals the October 21, 2022, 

order of the Workers’ Compensation Board of Review (“Board”). Respondent Michael 

Coomes filed a timely response.1 Petitioner did not file a reply. The issue on appeal is 

whether the Board erred in affirming the Office of Judges’ (“OOJ”) decision which 

reversed the claim administrator’s order and held the claim compensable for the diagnoses 

of medial meniscal tear of the right knee and torn anterior cruciate ligament of the right 

knee.

This Court has jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to West Virginia Code § 51-

11-4 (2022). After considering the parties’ arguments, the record on appeal, and the 

applicable law, this Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For 

these reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the Board’s order is appropriate under 

Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

Mr. Coomes filed a workers’ compensation claim for a right knee injury he suffered 

while working for Blackhawk as a foreman/fireboss at a coal mine on June 5, 2021. In the 

Employees’ and Physicians’ Report of Occupational Injury or Disease form (WC-1), Mr. 

Coomes reported that he was injured as he walked down a slight incline and his right knee 

buckled. He received treatment at MedExpress Urgent Care on June 7, 2021, where he was 

diagnosed with a right knee sprain and a questionable ACL tear. The treatment notes from 

the medical provider repeated Mr. Coomes’ statement regarding the nature of the injury. 

However, in the “HPI” (history of present illness) section of the report, Kristin Youther, 

FNP-BC, also noted that Mr. Coomes reported that he was walking down a sloped area 

when his foot slid, his knee twisted, and he felt a pop. Nurse Youther reported that Mr. 

Coomes described continued pain and episodes of knee popping and giving out. After 

1 Blackhawk is represented by Jeffrey B. Brannon, Esq. Mr. Coomes is represented 

by Reginald D. Henry, Esq., and Lori J. Withrow, Esq.

FILED

June 15, 2023

EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK

INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS

OF WEST VIRGINIA
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examining him, Nurse Youther assessed Mr. Coomes with a right knee sprain, but added 

that the exam was consistent with a complete tear of the ACL, and she ordered an MRI and 

an orthopedic referral. 

By order dated June 14, 2021, the claim administrator rejected the claim based upon 

a finding that the mechanism of injury did not support an accident as statutorily defined 

and because the mechanism of injury was “not unique to coal mining.” A second basis for 

the rejection was that Mr. Coomes had a preexisting condition. Mr. Coomes protested the 

order to the OOJ.

Mr. Coomes was treated by Gregory Southers, PA-C, at the Orthopaedic Center of 

the Virginias on July 2, 2021. At this visit, Mr. Coomes reported that he had injured his 

right knee while walking to his car and his right foot slipped and his knee buckled. Based 

on the exam, an MRI was ordered. In an incident report dated July 6, 2021, Mr. Coomes 

wrote that his injury occurred at the end of his shift when he was putting a “rubber-tire 

ride” on charge and the receptacle was at the top of a four-foot knoll. Mr. Coomes reported 

that he was walking back to the “ride” when he slipped and his knee popped. Among the 

findings of an MRI performed on July 28, 2021, were an abnormality consistent with a 

medial meniscal tear, the suggestion of a medial collateral ligament strain, a probable ACL 

tear, and several other strains and irregularities. 

At a deposition on November 4, 2021, Mr. Coomes admitted that he had suffered a 

previous knee injury in 2007, but said it had resolved and he had no further problems until 

the injury in the present claim occurred on June 5, 2021. Although he did not recall an 

injury in 2010, Mr. Coomes recalled seeing George Orphanos, M.D., once when he was 

told that he merely had fluid on his knee. In his explanation about how the recent injury 

occurred, Mr. Coomes testified that he had walked up a 30-to-35-degree embankment 

covered in loose gravel to put the “rubber-tire ride” on charge. Mr. Coomes indicated that 

his right foot slid as he returned down the hill, and as he tried to catch himself, his body 

went “forth” and his right knee buckled underneath him. According to Mr. Coomes’ 

testimony, after he fell, he rolled two feet to the bottom of the hill. 

Documentation reveals that Mr. Coomes had previously suffered a right knee injury 

on November 13, 2010, when he twisted his knee after stepping into a hole while walking 

on a haul road at work. Mr. Coomes was treated for the injury on December 8, 2010, at 

Appalachian Regional Healthcare, Inc., where he was diagnosed with a right knee 

sprain/strain and ligament injury. He was referred to Dr. Orphanos, who completed the 

physician’s section of an Employees’ and Physicians’ Report of Occupational Injury or 

Disease form on December 17, 2010. Dr. Orphanos diagnosed a knee sprain and possible 

meniscus injury. 

On January 15, 2022, Michael Brooks, M.D., with Diagnostic Dating Specialists, 

LLC, reviewed the MRI dated July 21, 2021, and opined that it revealed both acute and 
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chronic conditions. Pertinent to the two conditions ruled compensable in the present claim, 

Dr. Brooks indicated that there were findings reflective of a previous partial medial 

meniscectomy rather than a radial tear, which was chronic. Further, Dr. Brooks felt that a 

partial thickness tear at the margin of the ACL was chronic in nature. 

In a decision dated May 16, 2022, the OOJ reviewed the evidence concerning a prior 

knee injury in 2010, and evidence that post-dated the claim administrator’s rejection of the 

claim on June 14, 2021. The OOJ found that since Mr. Coomes worked for more than ten

years in the coal mining industry on uneven surfaces after the 2010 event, the preexisting

knee injury was not of such nature as to have been a significant contributor to the injury in 

the present claim. The OOJ reversed the claim administrator’s order and found that a 

preponderance of credible evidence demonstrated that Mr. Coomes sustained knee injuries 

after losing his footing and falling.

The conditions ruled compensable in the OOJ decision were a medial meniscus tear 

of the right knee and a torn anterior cruciate ligament in the right knee. By order dated 

October 21, 2022, the Board affirmed the OOJ decision dated May 16, 2022. Blackhawk 

now appeals the Board’s order.

Our standard of review is set forth in West Virginia Code § 23-5-12a(b) (2022), in 

part, as follows:

The Intermediate Court of Appeals may affirm the order or decision of the 

Workers’ Compensation Board of Review or remand the case for further 

proceedings. It shall reverse, vacate, or modify the order or decision of the 

Workers’ Compensation Board of Review, if the substantial rights of the 

petitioner or petitioners have been prejudiced because the Board of Review’s 

findings are:

(1) In violation of statutory provisions;

(2) In excess of the statutory authority or jurisdiction of the Board of Review;

(3) Made upon unlawful procedures;

(4) Affected by other error of law;

(5) Clearly wrong in view of the reliable, probative, and substantial evidence 

on the whole record; or

(6) Arbitrary or capricious or characterized by abuse of discretion or clearly 

unwarranted exercise of discretion.

Duff v. Kanawha Cnty. Comm’n, 247 W. Va. 550, __, 882 S.E. 2d 916, 921 (Ct. App. 

2022).

On appeal, Blackhawk argues that the Board’s order affirming the OOJ’s decision 

was clearly wrong in light of the reliable, probative, and substantial evidence of record, or 

lack thereof, and/or is arbitrary and capricious and in violation of the applicable statutes 
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and regulations, because the record establishes that Mr. Coomes reported on his WC-1

form that his “right knee just buckled.” Further, Blackhawk asserts that a contemporaneous 

medical record documented Mr. Coomes’ report that he was walking down a slight incline, 

his right knee buckled, and he had testified that his knee just “blew out.” Blackhawk also 

notes that an expert analysis of the MRI concluded that the meniscal tear and ACL tear 

were chronic and not acute. Blackhawk contends that Mr. Coomes’ knee buckled while

performing a normal activity of everyday life, i.e., merely “walking down a slight incline,”

and even though the incline had scattered gravel, a compensable injury did not occur. In its 

brief, Blackhawk suggests that Mr. Coomes suffered an “idiopathic” injury that was not a 

result of his employment.

Blackhawk cites Emmel v. State Compensation Director, 150 W. Va. 277, 145 

S.E.2d 29 (1965), and argues that in order to be compensable, “it is not enough to say that 

the activity in which the injury occurred was a vague incident of employment.” Id. at 284,

145 S.E.2d at 34. Arguing that the claim should be denied, Blackhawk asserts that the fact 

that an injury happened at work is not enough to prove it occurred as a result of his 

employment. In furtherance of this argument, Blackhawk cites a line of cases in which the 

Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia determined that knee injuries were not 

compensable when they occurred when a worker’s knee buckled or locked up while he or 

she was merely walking or standing from a seated position.2

However, we note other cases in which our Supreme Court of Appeals has 

determined injuries sustained while walking to be compensable. For instance, in Kingston 

Mining, Inc. v. McKinney, No. 18-0788, 2020 WL 738444 (W. Va. Feb. 13, 2020) 

(memorandum decision), the Court held compensable a right knee sprain sustained when 

the claimant was walking on uneven ground carrying a heavy tarp and his knee gave out.

Similarly, in Cox v. Fairfield Inn, No. 14-0871, 2015 WL 3767243 (W. Va. June 16, 2015) 

(memorandum decision), the claimant was walking from the front desk around a corner 

and suffered an ankle sprain. In that case, the employer argued that her injury could have 

occurred anywhere; therefore, the injury did not occur as a result of her employment. The 

Court rejected that argument and found the claim compensable because, at the time of the 

2 Among the cases cited by Blackhawk were Dunn v. Tractor Supply Co., No. 13-1029, 

2015 WL 4546116 (W. Va. July 27, 2015) (memorandum decision); Patrick v. CCBCC, 

Inc., No. 15-0276, 2016 WL 1123353 (W. Va. Mar. 22, 2016) (memorandum decision); 

Shrum v. Logan County Bd. of Educ., No. 15-0751, 2016 WL 4133618 (W. Va. Aug. 1, 

2016) (memorandum decision); and Gabbard v. Ashland Performance Materials, No. 18-

0299, 2018 WL 3528754 (W. Va. July 20, 2018) (memorandum decision).
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injury, the claimant was walking to perform her duties, and thus, the injury occurred as a 

result of her employment.3

Recently, this Court ruled in Kittle v. ACNR Resources, Inc., No. 22-ICA-204, __ 

W. Va. __, __, __ S.E.2d __, __, 2022 WL 3167482 (Ct. App. May 1, 2023) that a “claimant

has the burden of establishing . . . that the injury complained of was caused by or 

contributed to some condition or aspect of employment that created an increased risk of 

injury. Failure to establish an employment specific element that increased the risk of injury 

will bar recovery.” Id. at *3. In Kittle, we noted that the injury may have been compensable 

if the claimant had been “walking down a steep incline or on an uneven surface.” Id.

After review, we conclude that the Board was not clearly wrong in affirming the 

OOJ’s decision that found Mr. Coomes demonstrated that his right knee injury was 

compensable. Given the specific, detailed description of when and how the injury occurred, 

we are not persuaded by the argument that Mr. Coomes’ knee simply gave out while he 

was merely walking. Therefore, we affirm the OOJ’s conclusion, as affirmed by the Board, 

that Mr. Coomes suffered a right knee injury when he slipped on a graveled incline which 

he was descending in the course of his work. 

Accordingly, we affirm.

Affirmed.

ISSUED: June 15, 2023

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Judge Daniel W. Greear

Judge Thomas E. Scarr

Judge Charles O. Lorensen

3 See also Constellium Rolled Prod. Ravenswood v. Barnette, No. 18-1123, 2019 

WL 6048317 (W. Va. Nov. 15, 2019) (memorandum decision) in which the Court held that 

a left knee sprain, incurred when the claimant ascended stairs on a crane, was compensable. 

The claim administrator had rejected the claim because the worker was “merely walking 

up a flight of stairs” when the injury occurred. The Court agreed with the Office of Judges 

that the claim was compensable because the activity that precipitated the injury was being 

performed in furtherance of the claimant’s employment duties.