# Patent

## Title
Three stage scroll vacuum pump

## Abstract

A three stage vacuum pump has three stages of fixed scrolls and orbiting scrolls that operate simultaneously. A motor drives the second orbiting scroll within the third fixed scroll upon three equally spaced idlers. One idler then transmits rotation and torque into the second stage. The second orbiting scroll has involutes upon both surfaces to engage the second fixed scroll inwardly and the first fixed scroll outwardly. The first fixed scroll has fins upon its back that extend into the atmosphere to transfer heat to air cool the pump. This pump also has a fan accelerating heat transfer. The pump operates the scrolls directly from a motor or from a motor and magnetic coupling so that the atmosphere does not infiltrate the pump.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This non-provisional patent application is a continuation of the application having U.S. Ser. No. 13/987,486, which was filed on Jul. 30, 2013, which non-provisional patent application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 13/066,261, now Publication No. US 2011-0256007 A1, which claims priority to the provisional patent application having Ser. No. 61/342,690, which was filed on Apr. 16, 2010, which claims priority to the provisional application having Ser. No. 61/336,035, which filed on Jan. 16, 2010, which claims priority to the non-provisional patent application having Ser. No. 11/703,585, which was filed on Feb. 6, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,942,655, which claims priority to the provisional patent application having Ser. No. 60/773,274, which was filed on Feb. 14, 2006, which was filed during the pendency of PCT application Serial No. PCT/US01/50377, which was filed on Dec. 31, 2001, designating the U.S. and during the pendency of PCT application Serial No. PCT/US01/43523, which was filed on Nov. 16, 2001, designating the U.S., and which claimed priority to the non-provisional application having Ser. No. 09/751,057, which was filed on Jan. 2, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,511,308, and which claimed priority to the continuation-in-part application having Ser. No. 09/715,726 which was filed on Nov. 20, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,439,864.


BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
The three stage vacuum pump, and alternatively expander, relate generally to devices that alter or reduce the pressure of gases within a container, typically to very low vacuums or alternatively produce power as a gas expands. More specifically, these devices refer to multiple stages of scrolls that greatly increase the vacuums obtained during usage.
A unique aspect of the present disclosure is a three stage pump using various arrangements of scrolls that achieves vacuums of approximately 2 mt, that is, two millitorr (mTorr). These high vacuums apply to compact equipment such as portable mass spectrometers.
Scroll devices have been used as compressors and vacuum pumps for many years. In general, they have been limited to a single stage of compression due to the complexity of two or more stages. In a single stage, a spiral involute or scroll upon a rotating plate orbits within a fixed spiral or scroll upon a stationery plate. A motor shaft turns a shaft that orbits a scroll eccentrically within a fixed scroll. The eccentric orbit forces a gas through and out of the fixed scroll thus creating a vacuum in a container in communication with the fixed scroll. An expander operates with the same principle only turning the scrolls in reverse. When referring to compressors, it is understood that a vacuum pump can be substituted for compressor and that an expander can be an alternate usage when the scrolls operate in reverse from an expanding gas.
Often oil is used during manufacture and operation of compressors. Oil free or oil less scroll type compressors and vacuum pumps have difficult and expensive manufacturing, due to the high precision of the scroll in each compressor and pump. For oil lubricated equipment, swing links often minimize the leakage from gaps in the scrolls by allowing the scrolls to contact the plate of the scroll. Such links cannot be used in an oil free piece of equipment because of the friction and wear upon the scrolls. If the fixed and orbiting scrolls in oil free equipment lack precision, leakage will occur and the equipment performance will decline as vacuums take longer to induce or do not arise at all.
Prior art designs have previously improved vacuum pumps, particularly the tips of the scrolls. In the preceding work of this inventor, U.S. Pat. No. 6,511,308, a sealant is applied to the two stage scrolls during manufacturing. The pump with the sealant upon the scrolls is then operated which distributes the sealant between the scrolls. The pump is then disassembled to let the sealant cure. After curing the sealant, the pump is reassembled for use. During use, this patented pump only achieves a vacuum on the order of 100 mt.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,802,809, which issued to Vulliez, disclosed a pump having a scroll orbiting within a fixed scroll. Beneath the fixed disk, a bellows guides the gases evacuated from a container. The bellows spans between the involute and the housing, nearly the height of the pump. This pump and many others are cooled by ambient air in the vicinity of the pump.
In some applications, scroll type vacuum pumps have notoriety for achieving high vacuums. A few large scroll vacuum pumps can achieve vacuums as high as 50 mt. However, industry, science, and research still demand compact vacuum pumps that can achieve higher vacuums.
The present disclosure overcomes the limitations of the prior art where a need exists for higher vacuums in equipment of compact form. That is, the art of the present disclosure, a three stage scroll vacuum pump utilizes a magnetic coupling for power transfer and fins upon the orbiting scroll and inside the housing for heat transfer, both without leakage of the working fluid.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
Accordingly, the present disclosure improves a three stage vacuum pump and other related equipment with three stages of fixed scrolls and orbiting scrolls and each stage operates simultaneously. Motor drives the second orbiting scrolls within the third fixed scroll as the third stage upon three equally spaced idlers. One idler then transmits rotation and torque into the second stage, that is, the second orbiting scroll. The second orbiting scroll has involutes upon both surfaces. The second orbiting scroll engages the second fixed scroll. In the first stage, the second orbiting scroll engages a first fixed scroll outwardly from the center. The first fixed scroll of the first stage has fins upon its back surface that extend outwardly into the atmosphere for heat transfer as the pump is strictly air cooled. The present disclosure also includes a fan outside the housing to accelerate heat transfer. The scrolls receive torque and rotation directly from a motor or alternatively from a motor and a magnetic coupling or magnetic face seal so that the atmosphere does not infiltrate the housing of the three stages of scrolls. The present disclosure also has an enclosed inlet plenum to prevent mixture or infiltration of the working fluid into the heated fluid inside the housing.
Therefore, the present disclosure provides a new and improved three stage vacuum from the machine class of compressors, vacuum pumps, and expanders for gases.
The present disclosure provides an enclosed housing for the orbiting and fixed scrolls.
The present disclosure also provides air cooling of the vacuum pump thus increasing the efficiency of the vacuum pump.
The present disclosure provides aligned fins on the back of the first fixed scroll, on the back of the second fixed scroll, and on the back of the third fixed scroll along with the back of the housing to transfer heat from the orbiting scrolls outwardly to the ambient atmosphere.
The present disclosure further provides a fan to move ambient air over the pump to accelerate heat transfer.
The present disclosure provides fins upon the scrolls that pump working fluid within the housing to increase heat transfer.
The present disclosure also provides a magnetic coupling or magnetic face seal that separates the working fluid from the ambient atmosphere.
Also, the present disclosure provides an enclosed inlet plenum that prevents mixing or infiltration of the working fluid into the heated fluid inside the housing.
These and other advantages may become more apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the disclosure as described herein, and upon undertaking a study of the description of its preferred embodiment, when viewed in conjunction with the drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In referring to the drawings,
FIG. 1 shows a sectional view through both scrolls of a scroll compressor using an alternate embodiment of the present three stage scroll vacuum pump;
FIG. 2 shows a sectional view through a scroll compressor on a plane through the axis of rotation of the scrolls;
FIG. 3 describes a sectional view through a scroll compressor having liquid cooling;
FIG. 4 describes a planar view of the cooling plate and its connection to the bellows of the alternate embodiment of the three stage scroll vacuum pump;
FIG. 5 illustrates a sectional view through the bellows and fittings for liquid cooling of a scroll compressor of the alternate embodiment of the three stage scroll vacuum pump;
FIG. 6 shows a sectional view through one tip of a scroll having an improved seal of the alternate embodiment of the three stage scroll vacuum pump;
FIG. 7 shows a sectional view lengthwise through the housing of the present three stage scroll vacuum pump;
FIG. 8 provides a sectional view of the interior of the housing towards the motor;
FIG. 9 provides a section view of the back surface of the orbiting scroll where the fins on this back surface engage the fins of the housing as in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 illustrates a sectional view of the front surface of the orbiting scroll generally opposite that of FIG. 9 and the orbiting scroll has an enclosed plenum there through;
FIG. 11 describes an end view of the housing adjacent to the motor;
FIG. 12 describes an end view of the housing away from the motor, generally opposite that of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 shows a detailed sectional view of the magnetic coupling between the motor and the orbiting scroll within the housing;
FIG. 14 shows a sectional view lengthwise through the three stage vacuum pump;
FIG. 15 provides an end view of the three stage vacuum pump;
FIG. 16 describes a side view of the three stage vacuum pump;
FIG. 17 illustrates a sectional view lengthwise of the three stage vacuum pump utilizing a magnetic coupling; and
FIG. 18 provides a detailed sectional view of the magnetic coupling between the third stage and the second stage of this pump.



The same reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the various figures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
An alternate embodiment of the three stage scroll vacuum pump which overcomes the prior art limitations by modifying scroll compressors and other pumps with bellows, liquid cooling using bellows, and tip seals is discussed as follows. Turning to FIG. 1, a scroll compressor 1 appears in a sectional view through the scrolls. The scroll compressor 1 has a case 2 to contain the compressor 1 and scrolls. Within the case 2, the alternate embodiment has at least three equally spaced idlers 5a. The idlers 5a rotate eccentrically in cooperation with the scrolls as the scrolls compress or evacuate a gas from a container, not shown. The scrolls are located within the idlers and inter mesh. The scrolls have a fixed scroll 3 of a generally spiral shape fixed to the compressor 1 and an orbiting scroll 4 also of a generally spiral shape. The orbiting scroll 4 fits within the fixed scroll 3 and as the orbiting scroll 4 turns, gas is drawn into the scrolls and evacuated from the compressor 1. A bellows 8 surrounds and seals the scrolls 3 and 4 while remaining flexible. The bellows 8 has two mutually parallel flanges 9, each flange 9 joined to a scroll. The bellows 8 has a hollow round cylindrical shape that extends around the circumference of the scrolls 3 and 4. The bellows 8 can be made of metal, plastic, polymer, or an elastomer among other things. Electro forming, hydro forming, welding, and casting among other mean form and shape the bellows 8.
Turning the compressor 1 upon its side, FIG. 2 shows the workings of the compressor 1 in conjunction with the bellows 8. A motor 7 turns an axial shaft which connects with an eccentric shaft 5 that passes through a bearing. The eccentric shaft 5 connects with the orbiting scroll 4. The fixed scroll 3 is opposite the orbiting scroll 4 with an axis coaxial to the eccentric shaft 5. Operation of the motor 7 orbits the orbiting scroll 4 eccentrically which rotates the idlers 5a and their attached counterweights. The idlers 5a have an offset shaft to guide the orbiting motion of the orbiting scroll 4. The idlers 5a and counterweights permit eccentric rotation of the orbiting scroll 4 while preventing destruction of the scrolls 3 and 4 and the compressors 1 due to centrifugal forces.
Outwards of the scrolls 3 and 4 upon the perimeter, annular well forms within the compressor 1. The well generally extends around the circumference of the scrolls 3 and 4 and at least the height of the scrolls 3 and 4 outwards from the center line of the scrolls 3 and 4. Within the annular well, the bellows 8 seals the scrolls 3 and 4. The bellows 8 as before has a generally hollow cylindrical shape with a round flange 9 upon each end. Here in section, the bellows 8 appears on edge as two equally spaced bands. The bellows 8 has a slight inclination to accommodate the eccentric shaft 5. Flanges 9 appear upon each end of the bands and connect the bellows 8 by bolting, such as by bolts 9a, or other means to the scrolls 3 and 4. The flanges 9 have an annular shape with an inner diameter similar to the inner diameter of the bellows 8. In the preferred embodiment, the flanges 9 bolt to the scrolls 3 and 4. In alternate embodiments, the flanges 9 join the scrolls 3 and 4 by welding or brazing. To fully seal the scrolls, the flanges 9 have a sealing ring 10. Here in section, the sealing ring 10 appears as four portions located at the ends of each band. The sealing rings 10 take up any gap between the flanges 9 and the scrolls 3 and 4 thus sealing the bellows 8. O-rings or metal seals may serve as the sealing rings 10.
Liquid cooling of the compressor 1 becomes possible for selected equipment and applications. Liquid cooling proves useful for compressors 1 in confined locations with limited access to air, such as boats or spacecraft. FIG. 3 shows the beginning of the liquid cooled compressor 1. As before, a motor 7 turns a shaft 5 eccentrically connected to the scrolls 3 and 4. This alternate embodiment joins an orbiting cooling plate 18 to the orbiting scroll 4 and a fixed cooling plate 11 to the fixed scroll 3. The cooling plates 11 and 18 join outwards from the scrolls 3 and 4 so evacuation of gases continues unimpeded. The cooling plates 11 and 18 have grooves 13 and 20, respectively, upon their surfaces that form passages when joined against the scrolls 3 and 4. Liquid coolant then circulates through the passages and removes built up heat.
The grooves 13 and 20 form a generally annular shape as shown in the sectional view of FIG. 4. The groove 13 shown is in the fixed cooling plate 11 however the orbiting plate 18 has the similar groove 20. The annular shape of the groove 13 extends partially around the circumference and partially across the diameter of the fixed cooling plate 11. A wall 16 upon the fixed cooling plate 11 blocks the groove 13 from completely encircling the compressor 1. Proximate to the wall 16, the groove 13 has an aperture 14 in communication with an inlet for liquid coolant and on the other side of the wall 16, an aperture 15 in communication with an outlet to return the coolant for heat exchanging. O-rings 10 seal the inner and outer circumferences of the groove 13 and the apertures 14.
Referencing the inlet and the outlet of FIG. 4, FIG. 5 shows a pair of bellows 22 and 23 for conducting liquid coolant into and out of the cooling plates 11 and 18 for cooling the compressor 1 during operation. The cooling liquid is pumped into the inlet upon the fixed cooling plate 11, enters the aperture 14a, and then travels through the passage 13 to cool the fixed cooling plate 11. A portion of the cooling liquid travels through the first bellows 22 into the inlet aperture 14a upon the orbiting cooling plate 18. The portion of the cooling liquid then enters the passage 20 to cool the orbiting cooling plate 18. The cooling liquid portion then exits the outlet aperture 15a into the second bellows 23. The second bellows 23 also collects cooling liquid from the outlet aperture 14a of the fixed cooling plate 11. The second bellows 23 returns the generally heated cooling liquid from both cooling plates 11 and 13 to the outlet for communication to a heat exchanger. The bellows 22 and 23 have a hollow cylindrical shape with a flange upon each end sealed to the respective scrolls 3 and 4 with sealing rings 10. The flanges are connected to the bellows 22 and 23 by bolting preferably by bolts 9a or alternatively by brazing or welding.
Upon the fixed scroll 3, the first bellows 22 and the second bellows 23 join to a first end plate 17. The first end plate 17 has a generally rectangular shape incorporated into the fixed scroll 3 and an upper surface and an opposite lower surface. The first end plate 17 bolts to the fixed scroll 3 in the preferred embodiment with the upper surface towards the orbiting scroll 4. Here the bolts 9a are located upon a line through the centers of the first bellows 22 and the second bellows 23. The first bellows 22 and the second bellows 23 are joined to the upper surface of the first end plate 17. Upon the lower surface, O-rings 10 seal fittings for the inlet and outlet of liquid coolant for the compressor 1. The O-rings 10 and fittings have a generally hollow round shape to ease connection of lines carrying the liquid coolant to and from the compressor 1.
Then upon the orbiting scroll 4, the first bellows 22 and the second bellows 23 join a second end plate 21. The second end plate 21 is fastened into the orbiting cooling plate 18, generally perpendicular to the first end plate 17. The second end plate 21 bolts to the orbiting cooling plate 18 with the bolts 9a upon the lateral axis of the second end plate 21, generally between the first bellows 22 and the second bellows 23. O-rings 10 seal the first bellows 22 and the second bellows 23 to the second end plate 21.
Turning now to FIG. 6, the alternate embodiment 1 is shown to have an exposed tip 24 of the fixed scroll 3 and the orbiting scroll 4. Each scroll joins perpendicular to a plate. Opposite the plate, each scroll has the exposed tip 24 in a general spiral pattern. The tip 24 then has a groove 25 open away from the base. The groove 25 extends for the length of the scroll. A plurality of holes 26 is spaced along the length of the spiral. The diameter of each whole 26 is approximately the width of the groove 25. Into each whole 26 a spring 27 upon a plunger 28 is positioned, where the spring 27 biases against the plunger 28 outwardly. The plunger 28 has a diameter and shape slightly less than the whole 26. Upon the plunger 28 opposite the spring 27 and towards the tip 24 itself, a seal 29 abuts the opposing scroll. The seal 29 has a complementary shape to the whole 26. In an alternate embodiment, the seal 29 has a secondary O ring seal. The secondary O ring 10 extends in a groove 30 around the circumference of the seal 29. The spring 27 and the secondary O ring 10 prevent leakage between the scrolls 3 and 4 as the seals 29 wear during use.
The modifications of this alternate embodiment also include a method of sealing the scrolls 3 and 4 of the compressor 1. To attain high vacuums and maximum efficiency, imperfections and deviations in the scrolls 3 and 4 must be sealed. Previously, epoxy was applied to the surfaces of the scrolls 3 and 4, and the compressor 1 was assembled and operated for a time, then the scrolls 3 and 4 were disassembled and the tip seal grooves 25 cleaned, and then the epoxied scrolls 3 and 4 were reassembled into the compressor 1. The alternate embodiment applies a mold release or other material upon the tips 24 of the scrolls 3 and 4 for filling the tip seal groove 25, assembles the scrolls 3 and 4 together, injects epoxy into the scrolls 3 and 4, and then operates the compressor 1 for a time to disperse the epoxy. The mold release inhibits the adhesion and accumulation of epoxy upon the tips 24 thus reducing the need to disassemble, to clean, and then to reassemble the compressor 1. In the alternate embodiment, the epoxy occupies any gaps between the adjacent scroll's plates. The method of the alternate embodiment may eliminate the need for a tip seal 29 as previously described. In the preferred embodiment of this method, the mold release is a lubricating fluid. In an alternate embodiment, this method uses a mold release selected from elastomers, gels, greases, low hardness plastics, and pliable sealants. This method also applies to scroll compressors, vacuum pumps, and expanders alike.
Now FIG. 7 shows a scroll type fluid displacement device that compresses or expands gases other than air. This device can operate as hydrogen recirculation pumps used in fuel cells, natural gas compressors used in micro-turbines, tritium vacuum pumps, Rankin cycle expanders, and the like. These applications require a completely enclosed housing so that the fluid undergoing compression or expansion does not leak from the housing into the nearby atmosphere or that the nearby atmosphere does not leak through the housing into the fluid undergoing compression or expansion. The fluid undergoing compression or expansion for application outside the pump is called the working fluid. The housing includes cooling fluid contained within the housing. The working fluid and the cooling fluid are the same material in case of leakage within the housing. When compressing or expanding these working fluids, heat arises in the various components of the present pump. The present pump though transfers heat from its fixed scroll and its orbiting scroll to the nearby atmosphere without leakage into the housing. Movement of the scrolls calls for transmission of power to the components of the pump also without leakage of the fluid undergoing compression or expansion.
FIG. 7 shows a cross section of the scroll device 30a where a fixed scroll 31 is bolted to a housing 32. An O-ring 33 is positioned around the outside of the fixed scroll 31 and the housing 32 to seal the working fluid within the housing. The housing 32 and the fixed scroll 31 and an orbiting scroll 35 inside are coupled to a motor 34 here shown adjacent to the housing 32. The fixed scroll 31 and the orbiting scroll 35 constitute the basic compressing, or alternatively expanding elements. An eccentric shaft 36 drives the orbiting scroll 35 during usage. Additionally, the eccentric shaft 36 has a magnetic coupling 37, or alternatively a shaft seal, for transmitting the torque from the motor 34 into the orbiting scroll 35 for appropriate rotation without leakage of the working fluid to the atmosphere. Generally, the motor 34 supplies rotation to the magnetic coupling 37 which then imparts rotation and torque to the orbiting scroll 35 for usage as a compressor or vacuum pump while a generator supplies rotation to the orbiting scroll 35 when the device 30a is used as an expander. The fixed scroll 31, the orbiting scroll 35, and the housing 32 each have fins thereon, as later shown and described, for transferring heat primarily from the fixed scroll 31 and orbiting scroll 35 to the housing 32 for evacuation by conduction or a fan 38 integrated into the housing 32.
FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of the interior of the housing 32 where the housing 32 has internal fins 39 and external fins 40. The housing 32 has a flat bottom 32a, two mutually parallel and spaced apart lower sides 32b, two inwardly canted middle sides 32c, two mutually parallel and spaced apart upper sides 32d, and an open top 32e generally spanning between the upper sides 32d and mutually parallel to and spaced apart from the bottom 32a. Upon each upper side 32d, the housing 32 has a tapped and threaded fitting 32f for receiving bolted devices, not shown. The internal fins 39 have a generally spiral arrangement however, the internal fins 39 may have alternate shapes of cylindrical or flat plate. The internal fins 39 extend from near the perimeter of the housing 32 inwardly towards an opening 37a for the magnetic coupling 37 (FIG. 7). The internal fins 39 have a generally arcuate shape where the end of the fin 39 proximate the opening 37a is generally ahead of the opposite end of the fin 39 proximate the housing 32. This arcuate shape forms a generally clockwise spiral. The internal fins 39 are generally narrow in cross section and have a length of at least five times the cross section. The internal fins 39 have a regular spacing between adjacent fins 39 so that no internal fins 39 intersect each other and the internal fins 39 curve towards an imaginary center point at the center of the opening 37a for the magnetic coupling 37.
The housing 32 has a generally gambrel like shape with the flat bottom 32a, lower side's 32b perpendicular to the bottom 32a, and inwardly canted middle sides 32c. The middle sides 32c continue upwardly within the upper sides 32d and have a section at a second cant 32g flatter than the remainder of the middle sides 32c. The second cants 32g of the middle sides 32c join upon the center line of the housing 32 above an idler 5A. Proximate one side, shown as the right in this figure, the middle side 32c extends inwardly and perpendicular to the upper side 32d as at 32h and there the second cant 32g of the middle side 32c extends towards the uppermost idler 5A. Within the upper sides 32d, the upper middle sides 32c, the second cants 32g, and the top 32e and below the fan 38, the housing 32 has the external fins 40. The external fins 40 extend upwardly from the gambrel like portion of the housing 32, particularly from the upper middle sides 32c and the second cants 32g. The external fins 40 are generally spaced apart and mutually parallel and the external fins 40 are generally perpendicular to the bottom 32a and parallel to the upper sides 32d. Each external fin 40 has a narrow cross section and an elongated form with a length in excess of twice the width of the fin 40.
As described above, the housing 32 has internal fins 39 arrayed in a spiral pattern. The internal fins 39 of the housing 32 mesh with fins 41 extending from the back of the orbiting scroll 35 as shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 9 shows a back face 35a of the orbiting scroll 35 that engages the housing 32. The orbiting scroll 35 has a generally triangular shape defined by the three idlers 5A installed at the vertices of the triangular shape. The orbiting scroll 35 has a bottom 35c having a generally horizontal orientation, that is parallel to a supporting surface when the scroll 35 is installed as in FIG. 7. In the preferred embodiment, the bottom 35c has a slight convex bulge 35d outwardly from the center of orbiting scroll 35. Proceeding clockwise, the orbiting scroll 35 has a first leg 35e extending from above the idler 5A and inwardly from the left of the bottom 35c as shown in this figure. The first leg 35e proceeds upwardly and towards a center line drawn perpendicular to the center of the bottom 35c. The first leg 35e has an extension 35f outwardly from the orbiting scroll 35. The extension 35f has a rounded over corner defined by two edges mutually perpendicular with one edge perpendicular to the bottom 35c and the other edge parallel to the bottom 35c. The extension 35f mates with the upper side 32c in a similar right angle shape as at 32d of the housing 32 shown in FIG. 8. Above the extension 35f and away from the bottom 35c, the first leg 35e continues to a vertex 35i generally centered above the bottom 35c. Continuing clockwise, at the vertex 35i, the first leg 35e wraps around the idler 5A into a second leg 35g. The second leg 35g extends from the vertex 35i downwardly and outwardly towards the end of the bottom 35c here shown to the right of the figure. Approximately centered along the length of the second leg 35g, another slight convex bulge extends outwardly as at 35h. The first leg 35e attains an approximately 60° angle to the bottom 35c, the second leg 35g attains an approximately 60° angle to the first leg 35e, and the bottom 35c attains approximately 60° angle to the second leg 35g. 
Upon the back face 35a, the orbiting scroll 35 has a plurality of fins 41 arrayed thereon. The fins 41 extend outwardly from an imaginary center of the orbiting scroll 35 towards the bottom 35c, the first leg 35e, and the second leg 35g. Each fin 41 has a narrow cross section and an elongated shape with a length of at least three times the width of the fin 41. In the preferred embodiment, the fins 41 have a generally spiral arrangement however, the fins 41 may have alternate shapes of cylindrical or flat plate. These fins 41 extend from near the perimeter, that is the bottom 35c, first leg 35e, and second leg 35g, of the orbiting scroll 35 inwardly towards a circular ring 42 that has an inside diameter proportional to that of the magnetic coupling 37 (FIG. 7). The circular ring 42 has at least three holes for securing the orbiting scroll 35 to the magnetic coupling 37. These fins 41 have a generally arcuate shape where the end of each of the fins 41 proximate the circular ring 42 is generally ahead of the opposite end of the fin 41 proximate the perimeter of the orbiting scroll 35. Proximate the ring 42, each fin 41 approaches the imaginary center of the orbiting scroll 35 upon a radial line. This overall arcuate shape of each fin 41 forms a generally counter-clockwise spiral in this view. These fins 41 have a regular radial spacing between adjacent fins 41 so that the fins 41 do not intersect each other. These fins 41 and the internal fins 39 of the housing 32 have sufficient spacing between them to permit motion of the orbiting scroll 35 during usage but without contact between these fins 41 and the internal fins 39. Generally in the center of the ring 42, the orbiting scroll 35 has a plenum 43 here shown on end. The plenum 43 admits working fluid as an internal coolant into the gaps between the orbiting scroll fins 41 and the internal fins 39 of the housing 32. The plenum 43 provides fluid communication between the back face 35a and a front face 35b of the orbiting scroll 35, as will be explained.
FIG. 10 then shows the front face 35b of the orbiting scroll 35 with the plenum 43 that prevents the working fluid from mixing with the cooling fluid in the housing 32. This embodiment generally operates where the working fluid and the cooling fluid are the same. Usage of similar fluids accommodates any leakage across the seal of the enclosed plenum 43. Alternatively, the enclosed plenum 43 can be incorporated with the fixed scroll 31, similar to the bellows 22 and 23 as previously shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. As before, the orbiting scroll 35 has a generally triangular shape defined by the three idlers 5A installed at the vertices of the triangular shape. The orbiting scroll 35 has the bottom 35c having a generally horizontal orientation, that is parallel to a supporting surface when installed. In the preferred embodiment, the bottom 35c has the slight convex bulge 35d outwardly from the center of orbiting scroll 35. Proceeding clockwise which is generally opposite that of FIG. 9, the orbiting scroll 35 has the second leg 35g that proceeds upwardly and towards a centerline drawn perpendicular to the center of the bottom 35c. Approximately centered along the length of the second leg 35g, another slight convex bulge extends outwardly as at 35h. The second leg 35g extends inwardly from the left of the bottom 35c as shown in this figure. The second leg 35g continues to the vertex 35i of the triangular shape generally above the center of the bottom 35c. Continuing clockwise, at the vertex 35i, the second leg 35g wraps around the idler 5A into the first leg 35e. The first leg 35e extends from above the idler 5A, downwardly and outwardly towards the right end of the bottom 35c in this figure. The first leg 35e has its extension 35f outwardly from the orbiting scroll 35. The extension 35f has a rounded over corner defined by two edges mutually perpendicular with one edge perpendicular to the bottom 35c and the other edge parallel to the bottom 35c. The extension 35f mates with the upper side 32c in a similar right angle shape as at 32h of the housing 32 previously shown in FIG. 8. The first leg 35e, the second leg 35g, and the bottom 35c each attain approximately 60° angles relative to each other at each vertex of the orbiting scroll 35. The front face 35b of the orbiting scroll 35 also includes a spiral involute 44. The involute 44 has a generally narrow cross section, an elongated length, and spacing away from the surface of the front face 35b, generally opposite the internal fins 41 of the back face 35a. The involute 44 begins tangent to the plenum opening 43, as at 44a, generally parallel to the bottom 35c. The involute 44 then curves at a constantly increasing radius as it wraps around the front face 35b. Here the involute 44 completes more than four wraps, 44b, 44c, 44d, and 44e, around the plenum 43 where each successive wrap has a greater diameter. The involute 44, in the fourth wrap 44e, then extends perpendicular to the bottom 35c as at 44f. This extension 44f of the involute 44 fits within the right angle shape 35f of the housing 32 upon the first leg 35e as previously described. The radius of the fourth wrap 44e also exceeds the distance from the center of the plenum 43 to the nearest side. Thus, the fourth wrap 44e of the involute 44 extends slightly from the orbiting scroll and occupies the convex bulge 35d of the bottom 35c and the convex bulge 35h of the second leg 35g. 
FIG. 11 shows the housing 32 upon an end 32i that faces the motor 34. The housing 32 has its bottom 32a, lower sides 32b, middle sides 32c, upper sides 32d, and top 32e as previously described. The fan 38 rests upon the top 32e and draws air up, through, and around the housing 32 for air cooling. The end 32i has a generally smooth face. Generally centered between the middle sides 32c, the housing 32 receives an inner rotor 45 concealed within a stationary can 46 of the magnetic coupling 37 as later shown in FIG. 13. The inner rotor 45 then transmits rotation to a compressor shaft 48 that joins to the back surface of the orbiting scroll 4. Here in FIG. 11, the magnetic coupling 37 has a sealed shroud 47 that has a generally gambrel shape similar to that of the housing 32 but of a lesser scale. The shroud 47 bolts to the exterior surface of the housing 32, generally opposite the back surface 35a of the orbiting scroll 35 as in FIG. 7. The shroud 47 has approximately five bolted connections, as at 47a, which secure the shroud 47 to the housing 32. Within the shroud 47, the stationary can 46 secures to the housing 32 using approximately six bolted connections as at 46a. Both the bolted connections 47a of the shroud 47 and the bolted connections 46a of the can 46 are mutually parallel and generally parallel to the axis of rotation of the inner rotor 45. The motor 34 generates rotation and torque from its shaft as at 34a (FIG. 13). The motor shaft 34a then drives the magnetic coupling 37 to rotate. The coupling 37 rotates thus transmitting the rotation and torque from the motor shaft 34a into the compressor shaft 48 without a physical connection between the motor shaft 34a and the compressor shaft 48, as will be described in more detail further herein.
With reference now to FIG. 12, an end 49 of the housing 32, which is opposite to the end 32i, is illustrated. The end 49 is also opposite from the motor 34. As previously described, the housing 32 has its bottom 32a, lower sides 32b, middle sides 32c, upper sides 32d, and top 32e generally in a mirror image as that of FIG. 11. The fan 38 rests upon the top 32e and draws air to cool the housing 32. This end 49 also has a generally smooth face. The end 49 secures to the remainder of the housing 32 use bolted connections as at 49a in at least four locations, approximately as shown. Somewhat centered on this end 49, the end 49 has a bearing 50 that receives a shaft from the fixed scroll 3.
As mentioned briefly in FIG. 11, the motor 34 delivers rotation and torque to the orbiting scroll 4 through a magnetic coupling 37 shown with reference now to the section view in FIG. 13. The coupling 37 transmits rotation and torque from the motor shaft 34a to the compressor shaft 48 without a physical connection between the two shafts. Rather, the coupling 37 uses a magnetic field put into rotation to transmit rotation and torque from one shaft to another. Because the magnetic field penetrates steel and plastic, the coupling 37 transmits rotation and torque between the shafts while the compressor shaft remains sealed within the stationary can 46. Sealing the compressor shaft 48 retains the cooling fluid and the working fluid within the housing 32 and prevents intrusion of the atmosphere along the compressor shaft 48 into the housing 32. As before, the magnetic coupling 37 has the shroud 47 that extends between the motor 34 and the housing 32 and encloses the coupling 37. The shroud 47 bolts on its own opposite ends to both the motor 34 and the housing 32 as shown and described. Inside the shroud 47, the motor 34 extends its shaft 34a within the shroud 47 towards the adjacent housing 32.
The shaft 34a has secured to it an outer rotor 51 here shown as a generally U shape in section view. The outer rotor 51 has a generally round cylindrical shape with a closed end 51a adjacent to the shaft 34a and an opposite open end as at 51b proximate the housing 32. The outer rotor 51 has a generally curved wall 51c extending perpendicular to the perimeter of the closed end 51a. The outer rotor 51 has its own magnetic polarity and its own inside diameter.
Inside of the outer rotor 51, the magnetic coupling 37 has the stationary can 46 that secures to the housing 32 through its bolts as at 46a. The stationary can 46 is also a generally round cylinder, shown here as a U shape in section view, with a closed end 46b, an opposite open end 46c, and a thin wall 46d that expands outwardly into a flange 46e for receiving the bolts 46a adjacent to the housing 32. The stationary can 46 also includes an O-ring or gasket as at 46f upon its circumference upon the interior of the flange 46e that seals the stationary can 46 upon the housing 32 and prevents intrusion of the atmosphere into the housing 32. The stationary can 46 has an outside diameter less than the inside diameter of the outer rotor 51 and limited effect on the magnetic field of the outer rotor 51.
Then inside of the stationary can 46, the magnetic coupling 37 has its inner rotor 45 generally coaxial with the compressor shaft 48 and mechanically secured to the compressor shaft 48. The inner rotor 45 is a somewhat round cylinder with a recess at its base, here shown as a thickened U shape with an extension at the base of the U shape. The inner rotor 45 has an open end 45b and an opposite closed end 45a with an extension 45c recessed in from a wall 45d forming the inner rotor 45. The wall 45d is generally thick, much thicker in comparison to the walls 46b and 46d of the stationary can 46 and the outer rotor 51. In the alternate embodiment, the entire inner rotor 45 has a magnetic polarity opposite that of the outer rotor 51. The opposite polarities attract the inner rotor 45 to rotate in the direction of the outer rotor 51. Alternatively, the inner rotor 45 is magnetically neutral and includes a magnetic band 45e around the perimeter of the inner rotor 45 and extends for substantially the length of the wall 45d. The magnetic band 45e has an opposite magnetic polarity to the outer rotor 51. The inner rotor 45 has an outer diameter less than the inside diameter of the stationary can 46. So, turning of the outer rotor 51 by the motor 34 causes the inner rotor 45 to turn in the same direction through magnetic attraction without a physical connection of the motor shaft 34a to the compressor shaft 48. Additionally because the motor 34 turns magnetized parts within the magnetic coupling 37, the housing 32, the motor 34, and the coupling 37 are grounded to dissipate any electrical charge created by the rotating magnetic parts.
With reference now to FIG. 14, a three stage vacuum pump 100 is depicted in a sectional view lengthwise. The pump 100 begins with its first fixed scroll 3 having a plurality of fins 52 extending outwardly and generally opposite the scroll 3 itself. Generally centered within the fins 52, the first fixed scroll 3 has a vacuum fitting 53 for connection to a space, hose, or device that is to be evacuated. The vacuum fitting 53 leads to a passage 54 extending into the first fixed scroll 3 that admits any gas molecules into the center of the scroll 3. The first fixed scroll 3 has an expanding spiral shape, here shown on edge, that directs any gas molecules outwardly. The first fixed scroll 3 allows a first orbiting scroll 4 to inter mesh with it. The first orbiting scroll 4 rotates within the first fixed scroll 3 directing any gas molecules outwardly from the center of both scrolls 3 and 4 towards an edge of the scrolls 3 and 4. The first orbiting scroll 4 operates upon three idlers 5a generally arranged in an equiangular manner. This figure shows one idler 5a proximate the top of the fixed scroll 3. The idler 5a operates upon a first eccentric shaft 5b supported upon bearings 57 as shown. A bearing nut 56 secures the bearings 57 upon the eccentric shaft 5b while permitting the shaft 5b to rotate axially. As described, the first fixed scroll 3 and the first orbiting scroll 4 define the first stage of this three stage vacuum pump 100.
The orbiting scroll 4 also has a second scroll 4a upon its inward surface, that is, opposite the first fixed scroll 3. Inwardly from the first orbiting scroll 4, a second fixed scroll 59 inters meshes with the scroll 4a. The second fixed scroll 59 cooperates with the second scroll 4a of the first orbiting scroll 4 to compress any gas molecules beginning at the periphery of the second scroll 4a and directly them inwardly towards the center of the second fixed scroll 59. The second scroll 4a and the second fixed scroll 59 form the second stage of this three stage vacuum pump 100.
The first fixed scroll 3, the first orbiting scroll 4, the second scroll 4a, and the second fixed scroll 59 each have tip seals 24 along the entire lengths of each scroll respectively. The tip seals 24 prevent escape of any gas molecules between adjacent scrolls as the orbiting scroll and second scroll inter mesh with their respective fixed scrolls. One version of the tip seal 24 has been previously shown in FIG. 6.
The idlers, as at 5a, also pass through the second fixed scroll 59. In doing so, the eccentric shaft 5b has a center line off center from its center line passing through the first fixed scroll 3. Where the eccentric shaft 5b fits into the first orbiting scroll 4, a shim 58 occupies any gap between the nearest bearing 57 in the first orbiting scroll 4 and the eccentric shaft 5b. Opposite the shim 58 as shown, a screw 68 compresses the bearings 57 into the second fixed scroll 59. The first fixed scroll 3 seals to the second fixed scroll 59 proximate its exterior perimeter using an O-ring as at 55.
Opposite its involute, the second fixed scroll 59 has a plurality of fins 62 generally parallel to exterior fins 52 located on the housing 32. These fins 62 have a depth greater than the depth of the involute of the fixed scroll 59 and approximately the same depth as the exterior fins 52. Generally centered upon the fixed scroll 59, the involute opens at the center of the second fixed scroll 59 to a center passage 63 within a hollow stub 59a. The hollow stub 59a has a thickness generally greater than the fins 62. Outwardly from the stub 59a, the second fixed scroll 59 has three sockets 59b spaced equiangular that receive the idlers 5a. As later shown, the three stage vacuum pump 100 has a generally triangular shape when viewed from its end. The idlers 5a locate proximate the vertices of the triangular shape.
Slightly outward from the socket 59b, the first fixed scroll 3 abuts the second fixed scroll 59. An O-ring, as at 60, seals these two scrolls upon their mutual perimeter. Then proximate the base of the sockets 59b, opposite the orbiting scroll 4, each idler 5a has an O-ring 60 that seals it to a third fixed scroll 64. The stub 59a also has an O-ring 61 that seals it to the third fixed scroll 64 so that the center passage 63 continues and does not leak any gas molecules into the center passage.
The third fixed scroll 64 generally aligns with the second fixed scroll 59 as shown, in the center of FIG. 14. The third fixed scroll 64 has a plurality of fins 65 that align to the fins 62 of the second fix scroll 59. The fins 65 generally have a butt to butt facing with the fins 62. The third fixed scroll 64 has a tube 64a, generally hollow, that abuts the stub 59a of the second scroll 59 and the center passage 63 continues through the tube 64a. Outwardly from the tube 64a, the third fixed scroll 64 has sockets 64b that receive the idlers 5a. The idlers 5a in the third fixed scroll 64 have an eccentric shaft 67 having a socket 67a that receives an end of the eccentric shaft 67 from the first and second stages of the pump 100. The eccentric shaft 67 of the third fixed scroll 64 has seals 66 that partially fill each socket 67a away from the second stage. Upon the seals 66, each idler 5a has a bearing 57, generally opposite the fins 65 and proximate the scroll work of the third fixed scroll 64. Opposite the fins 65, the third fixed scroll 64 has its involute. The involute begins where the center passage 63 opens through the third fixed scroll 64. The involute then expands outwardly in a spiral like pattern.
The involute of the third fixed scroll 64 then inter meshes with involute from a second orbiting scroll 70. The scroll work of the second orbiting scroll 70 generally aligns with the scrolls of the first orbiting scroll 4 and its second scroll 4a. The second orbiting scroll 70 rotates within the third fixed scroll 64 so that any gas molecules entering the second orbiting scroll 4a from the center passage 63 migrate outwardly along the inter meshed scroll which then exhausts the molecules from the pump 100. Outwardly from the center passage 63, the second orbiting scroll 70 has a socket 70a that receives the bearings 57 of the eccentric shaft 67 of the idler 5a. A bearing nut 56 outwardly from the bearings 57, that is, opposite the third fixed scroll 64, secures the bearings 57 and the shaft 67 within the socket 70a. Opposite the bearing nut 56, a shim 69 fits the bearings 57 against the eccentric shaft 67. The second orbiting scroll 70 and the third fixed scroll 64 form the third stage of this three stage vacuum pump 100. As with the first and second stages, the third fixed scroll 64 and the second orbiting scroll 70 each have tip seals 24 along the entire lengths of each scroll 64 and 70 respectively, as previously shown in FIG. 6. The tip seals 24 form a gas tight chamber as the scrolls 64 and 70 inter mesh.
Proximate the center passage 63 and off center from the center passage 63, here shown downwardly in FIG. 14, the second orbiting scroll 70 includes an inner bearing race 76 that admits an eccentric driving pin 5. The eccentric driving pin 5 extends outwardly from the second orbiting scroll 70 through a sealing disc 77 placed upon the bearing race 76 opposite the center passage 63. The eccentric driving pin 5 is generally round and extends outwardly from the second orbiting scroll 70 to a round shaft 5d. Though the shaft 5d is round, the eccentric driving pin 5 joins to the shaft 5d off center. The off center arrangement of the eccentric driving pin 5 allows the shaft 5d to rotate about an axis coaxial with the center passage 63 while inducing an orbital rotation to the second orbiting plate 70 which induces rotation of the idlers 5a in the third stage transmitted through the shaft 67 to the idlers 5a in the second and first stages. The shaft 5d in its rotation induces both orbiting scrolls to orbit at the same time. Downwardly and outwardly from the driving pin 5 and the round shaft 5d, a crankshaft 74 extends towards the bottom of the pump 100, generally towards a foot 78. The crankshaft 74 has an inverted L shape as shown where the flange of the L shape adjoins the driving pin 5 and the round shaft 5d and web of the L shape extends outwardly from the driving pin 5. The web is generally thin and of a length so that the crankshaft 74 avoids colliding with the idler 5a towards the top of this figure and the housing 32 towards the bottom of this figure. The crankshaft 74 includes its setscrew 75 that secures it to the round shaft 5d. 
Outwardly from the shaft 5d, a housing 71 encloses the second orbiting scroll 70, the driving pin 5 and the round shaft 5d. The housing 71 cooperates with the fins 65 of the third fixed scroll 64, the fins 62 of the second fixed scroll 59, and the first scroll 3 to enclose the pump 100. Bolts 47a secure the housing 71 and the first scroll 3 together with the second fixed scroll 59 and third fixed 64 scrolls between them. Feet 78 extend downwardly from the housing 71 and the first scroll 3.
Having described the round shaft 5d as rotating, the round shaft 5d extends from a motor 7 joined to the housing 71. The round shaft 5d and the remainder of the motor 7 have an axis of rotation R-R centered upon the center passage 63 as shown. The motor 7 has sufficient horsepower and torque to rotate the first orbiting scroll 4 and the second orbiting 70 and suitable revolutions per minute to evacuate any gas molecules that enter the vacuum fitting 53. The motor 7 moving the three stages of scrolls produce vacuums of approximately 2 millitorr (mTorr). Because the motor 7 turns the eccentric driving pin 5, the motor 7 includes a counterweight 72 connected to the round shaft 5d opposite the housing 71. The counterweight 72 is generally linear and placed at an angle opposite the driving pin 5 and the crankshaft 74. The counterweight 72 counteracts the angular momentum of the driving pin 5 and the two orbiting scrolls thus minimizing vibrations generated by the pump 100. A set screw 73 allows for adjusting the position of the counterweight 72 relative to the axis R-R of rotation of the motor 7.
Having described the pump 100 from its vacuum fitting 53 along the flow path of the center passage 63 back to the motor 7 driving the orbiting scrolls 4 and 70 through the idlers 5a reference is now made to FIG. 15 which shows an exterior end view of the pump 100. The pump 100 has a somewhat triangular shaped end upon two feet 78 with the vacuum fitting 53 shown generally centered and the passage 54 centered inside of the fitting 53. Outwardly from the vacuum fitting 53, this end view shows the exterior of the first fixed scroll 3 that has a plurality of horizontal fins 52 generally parallel to a plane defined by the feet 78. The fixed scroll 3 connects to the remainder of the pump 100 upon a plurality of bolts 47a here shown as two proximate the feet 78, two outwardly from the vacuum fitting 53, and two more bolts 47a proximate the top of the fixed scroll 3 outwardly and beneath the curved top. Behind the curved top as shown, the top of the second fixed scroll 64 appears. Towards the right of the pump 100 in this figure, that is, opposite the view of FIG. 14, the pump 100 has the fan 38 encased within a guard 38a. The fan 38 generally extends for the length of the three stages of scrolls as later shown. The fan 38 draws air around the scrolls and through the fins 62 and 65 where the second and third fixed scrolls 59 and 64 join. This air flow provides cooling as the various scrolls extract heat during their formation of higher order vacuums.
FIG. 16 shows the pump 100 opposite that of FIG. 14 from the exterior. The pump 100 has the vacuum fitting 53 upon the left, here shown as a flange connecting through a narrower tube to the first fixed scroll 3. The fixed scroll 3 has its fins 52, here shown on end, and extending perpendicular to the center passage 54. The first fixed scroll 3 adjoins the second fixed scroll 59 which adjoins the third fixed scroll 64 and which adjoins the housing 71 as shown across the top of the fan 38 from left to right. The scrolls 3, 59, and 64 and the housing 71 are secured upon each other using the bolts 47a that extend through each of the scrolls 3, 59, and 64 and the housing 71. Beneath the fan 38, feet 78 support the first fixed scroll 3 and the housing 71 respectively. The fan 38 extends along the three fixed scrolls 3, 59, and 64 and draws air across and through them for cooling. Opposite the vacuum fitting 53, the motor 7, with its counterweight 72, provides balance rotational power through its driving pin to the orbiting scrolls and idlers as previously described.
Referring now to FIG. 17, an alternate embodiment of the present three stage vacuum pump 102 is depicted in a sectional view lengthwise. The pump 102 begins with a first fixed scroll 3 having a smooth exterior face outwardly from the pump 102. Generally centered within the fixed scroll 3, a vacuum fitting 53 provides a connection to a space, hose, or device that is to be evacuated. The vacuum fitting 53 leads to a passage 54 extending into the first fixed scroll 3 that admits any gas molecules into the center of the fixed scroll 3 away from the space to be evacuated. The first fixed scroll 3 has an expanding spiral shape, here shown on edge, that directs any gas molecules outwardly. The first fixed scroll 3 allows a first orbiting scroll 4 to inter mesh with it. The first orbiting scroll 4 rotates within the first fixed scroll 3 directing any gas molecules outwardly from the center of both scrolls 3 and 4 towards an edge of the scrolls 3 and 4. The first orbiting scroll 4 operates upon three idlers 5a generally arranged in an equiangular manner. This figure shows at least one idler 5a proximate the top of the fixed scroll 3. The idler 5a operates upon a first eccentric shaft 5b supported upon bearings 57 as shown. A bearing nut 56 secures the bearings 57 upon the eccentric shaft 5b while permitting the shaft 5b to rotate axially. As described, the first fixed scroll 3 and the first orbiting scroll 4 define the first stage of this three stage vacuum pump 102.
The orbiting scroll 4 also has a second scroll 4a upon its inward surface, that is, opposite the first fixed scroll 3. Inwardly from the first orbiting scroll 4, a second fixed scroll 59 inters meshes with the scroll 4a. The second fixed scroll 59 cooperates with the second scroll 4a of the first orbiting scroll 4 to compress any gas molecules beginning at the periphery of the second scroll 4a and directing them inwardly towards the center of the second fixed scroll 59. The second scroll 4a and the second fixed scroll 59 form the second stage of this three stage vacuum pump 102. As before, the first fixed scroll 3, the first orbiting scroll 4, the second scroll 4a, and the second fixed scroll 59 each have tip seals 24 along the entire lengths of each scroll respectively.
The idlers, as at 5a, also pass through the second fixed scroll 59. In doing so, the eccentric shaft 5b has an offset center line from a center line passing through the first fixed scroll 3. The first fixed scroll 3 seals to the second fixed scroll 59 proximate its exterior perimeter using an O-ring as at 55.
Opposite its involute, the second fixed scroll 59 adjoins to chambers 88 forming a generally annular volume within this embodiment suitable for cooling the three stages. Generally centered upon the fixed scroll 59 and within the chambers 88, the involute opens at the center of the second fixed scroll 59 to a center passage 63 within an elongated stub 54a, which is longer than the stub 59a shown in FIG. 14. This elongated stub 54a has a thickness slightly more than that of the second fixed scroll 59. Outwardly from the stub 54a, the second fixed scroll 59 has three sockets 59b spaced equiangular that receive the idlers 5a. As previously shown, this alternate embodiment of the three stage vacuum pump 102 also has a generally triangular shape when viewed on end. The idlers 5a locate proximate the vertices of the triangular shape.
Towards the interior of this embodiment, the second fixed scroll 59 abuts a third fixed scroll 64. The third fixed scroll 64 has an elongated stub 64a that aligns with the elongated stub 54a of the second fixed scroll 59 forming a continuous center passage from the second stage into the third stage of this embodiment of the pump 102. The stub 54a also has an O-ring 61 that seals it to the third fixed scroll 64 so that the center passage 63 continues and does not leak any gas molecules into the center passage. As previously discussed, the O-ring 55 seals the first fixed scroll 3 to the second fixed scroll 59 upon their mutual perimeter. The third fixed scroll 64 generally aligns with the second fixed scroll 59 as shown upon a common axis defined by the center passage 63, in the center of FIG. 17. The third fixed scroll 64 locates away from the joint of the elongated stubs 54a and 64a so that the chambers 88 have a generally rectangular shape in section view as here shown.
As shown in FIG. 17 and above the center passage 63, outwardly from the stub 64a, the third fixed scroll 64 has sockets that receive the idlers 5a. The idlers 5a in the third fixed scroll 64 have an eccentric shaft 67 that extends into a magnetic coupling 37. Generally centered between the second stage and the third stage, a housing 71 receives an inner rotor 45 concealed within a stationary can 46 of the magnetic coupling 37 as later shown in FIG. 18. The inner rotor 45 then transmits rotation to eccentric shaft 5b that rotates the first orbiting scroll 4. In usage, the magnetic coupling 37 receives rotation and torque through the eccentric shaft 67. The coupling 37 rotates thus transmitting the rotation and torque from the shaft 67 into the eccentric shaft 5b through the first and second stages of this pump 102 without a mechanical connection as in the preferred embodiment of the three stages pump 100.
The eccentric shaft 67 of the third fixed scroll 64 has seals that partially fill each socket away from the second stage. Upon the seals, each idler 5a has a bearing 57, generally opposite the chambers 88 and proximate the scroll work of the third fixed scroll 64. Opposite the chambers 88 and the magnetic coupling 37, the third fixed scroll 64 has its involute. The involute begins where the center passage 63 opens through the third fixed scroll 64. The involute then expands outwardly in a spiral like pattern.
The involute of the third fixed scroll 64 then inter meshes with involute from a second orbiting scroll 70. The scroll work of the second orbiting scroll 70 generally aligns with the scrolls of the first orbiting scroll 4 and its second scroll 4a. The second orbiting scroll 70 rotates within the third fixed scroll 64 so that any gas molecules entering the second orbiting scroll 70 from the center passage 63 migrate outwardly along the inter meshed scroll which then exhausts the molecules from the pump 102 through an outlet 81. Outwardly from the center passage 63, the second orbiting scroll 70 has a socket 70a that receives the bearings 57 of the eccentric shaft 67 of the idler 5a. A bearing nut 56 positioned outwardly from the bearings 57, that is opposite the third fixed scroll 64, secures the bearings 57 and the shaft 67 within the socket 70a. Opposite the bearing nut 56, a shim fits the bearings 57 against the eccentric shaft 67, if needed. The second orbiting scroll 70 and the third fixed scroll 64 form the third stage of this three stage vacuum pump 102. As with the first and second stages, the third fixed scroll 64 and the second orbiting scroll 70 each have tip seals 24 along the entire lengths of each scroll respectively, as previously shown in FIG. 6. The tip seals 24 form a gas tight chamber as the scrolls 64 and 70 inter mesh.
Aligned with the center passage 63, the second orbiting scroll 70 includes a bearing 14 that admits a drive pin 8, generally round and cylindrical. The drive pin 8 extends outwardly from the second orbiting scroll 70 through a sealing disc, if needed. The drive pin 8 extends outwardly and to a flywheel 79 generally centered upon the center passage 63. The flywheel 79 has its diameter generally perpendicular to the center passage 63 and a thickness slightly less than the length of the drive pin 8. The flywheel 79 provides for steady rotation of the second orbiting scroll 70 once operating revolutions have been reached. The flywheel 79 has its central hub that connects with the round shaft 5d that rotates about an axis coaxial with the center passage 63 while inducing an orbital rotation to the second orbiting plate 70 which induces rotation of the idlers 5a in the third stage transmitted through the shaft 67 to the magnetic coupling 37 and then the idlers 5a in the second and first stages. The shaft 5d in its rotation induces both orbiting scrolls 4 and 70 to orbit at the same time.
Outwardly from the shaft 5d, the housing 71 encloses the second orbiting scroll 70, driving pin 8, flywheel 79, and round shaft 5d. The housing 71 cooperates with the elongated stubs 54a, 64a, chambers 88, and the first fixed scroll 3 to enclose the pump 102. Bolts 47a secure the housing 71 and the first scroll 3 together with the second fixed scroll 59 and third fixed scroll 64 between them. Feet 78 extend downwardly from the housing 71 and the first scroll 3.
Having described the round shaft 5d as rotating, the round shaft 5d extends from a motor 7 joined to the housing 71 outwardly from the remainder of the pump 102. The round shaft 5d and the remainder of the motor 7 have an axis of rotation centered upon the center passage 63 as shown. The motor 7 has sufficient horsepower and torque to rotate the first orbiting scroll 4 and the second orbiting 70 at suitable revolutions per minute through the magnetic coupling 37 to evacuate any gas molecules that enter the vacuum fitting 53. The motor 7 moving the three stages of scrolls produce vacuums of approximately 2 millitorr but without mechanical connection between the second stage and the third stage. The motor 7 generates rotation and torque from its shaft as at 5d that turns the flywheel 79 that turns the drive pin 8 into the second orbiting scroll 70 which turns the shaft 67 that rotates an outer rotor 51 that induces rotation of the inner rotor 45 that then turns the idler shaft 5a in the second and first stages.
As mentioned briefly in FIG. 17, the motor 7 delivers rotation and torque to the second orbiting scroll 70 then into the eccentric shaft 67 of the idler 5a connected to the magnetic coupling 37 shown in a section view in FIG. 18. FIG. 18 is somewhat of a mirror image from FIG. 13. The coupling transmits rotation and torque from the round shaft 5d through the flywheel 79, second orbiting scroll 70, into the eccentric shaft 67 to the idler shaft 5b proximate the second fixed scroll 59 without a physical connection between the two shafts. Rather the coupling uses a magnetic field put into rotation to transmit the rotation and torque from one shaft to another. Because the magnetic field penetrates steel and plastic, the coupling transmits rotation and torque between the shafts while the idler shaft 5b of the second fixed scroll 59 remains sealed within the stationary can 46. Sealing the idler shaft 5b retains the partial vacuum created in the first and second stages and allows any remaining molecules to solely exit through the center passage 63. Sealing the idler shaft 5b also prevents intrusion of the atmosphere into the first and second stages. The magnetic coupling 37 in this embodiment is located within the housing 71, above the center passage 63, and inside of the second fixed scroll 59.
The eccentric shaft 67 has secured to it the outer rotor 51 here shown as a generally U shape, rotated clockwise, in section view. The outer rotor 51 has a generally round cylindrical shape with a closed end 51a adjacent to the eccentric shaft 67 and an opposite open end as at 51b proximate the second fixed scroll 59. The outer rotor 51 has a generally curved wall 51c extending perpendicular to the perimeter of the closed end 51a. The outer rotor 51 has its own magnetic polarity and its own inside diameter.
Inside of the outer rotor 51, the magnetic coupling 37 has the stationary can 46 that secures to the first fixed scroll 3, generally towards the top of this figure, and the second fixed scroll 59 generally in the direction of the center passage 63 through its bolts as at 46a. The stationary can 46 is also a generally round cylinder, shown here as a U shape rotated ninety degrees clockwise in section view, with a closed end 46b, an opposite open end proximate 46d, and a thin wall 46c that expands outwardly into a flange 46f for receiving bolts 46a adjacent to the housing 71. The stationary can 46 also includes an O-ring or gasket as at 46e upon its circumference upon the interior of the flange 46f that seals the stationary can 46 upon the second fixed scroll 59 and prevents intrusion of the atmosphere into the second and first stages. The stationary can 46 has an outside diameter less than the inside diameter of the outer rotor 51 and limited effect on the magnetic field of the outer rotor 51.
Then inside of the stationary can 46, the magnetic coupling 37 has its inner rotor 45 generally coaxial with the idler shaft 5b extending from the second stage and mechanically secured to it as at 48a. The inner rotor 45 is a somewhat round cylinder with a recess at its base, here shown as a thickened U shape with an extension at the base of the U shape. The inner rotor 45 has an open end 45b and an opposite closed end 45a with an extension 45c recessed in from a wall 45d forming the inner rotor 45. The wall 45d is generally thick, much thicker in comparison to the walls of the stationary can 46 and the outer rotor 51. In this alternate embodiment, the entire inner rotor 45 has a magnetic polarity opposite that of the outer rotor 51. The opposite polarities attract the inner rotor 45 to rotate in the direction of the outer rotor 51. Alternatively, the inner rotor 45 has magnetic neutrality and includes a magnetic band 45e around the perimeter of the inner rotor 45 that extends for substantially the length of the wall 45d. The magnetic band 45e has an opposite magnetic polarity to the outer rotor 51. The inner rotor 45 has an outer diameter less than the inside diameter of the stationary can 46. So, turning of the outer rotor 51 by the eccentric shaft 67 causes the inner rotor 45 to turn in the same direction through magnetic attraction without a physical connection of the eccentric shaft 67 to the idler shaft 5b between the third stage and the second stage. Additionally because the eccentric shaft 67 turns magnetized parts within the magnetic coupling 37, the first fixed scroll 3, the second fixed scroll 59, the eccentric shaft 67, the motor 7, and the coupling 37 are grounded to dissipate any electrical charge created by the rotating magnetic parts.
From the aforementioned description, a three stage vacuum pump from the machine class of scroll compressors, pumps, and expanders has been described. This three stage vacuum pump is uniquely capable of expanding and compressing a fluid cyclically to evacuate a line, device, or space connected to the pump without intrusion of the nearby atmosphere. During operation, this pump generates heat within its fixed and orbiting scrolls which is dissipated through cooperating fins upon the surrounding housing or through chambers in an alternate embodiment. This pump receives its motive power directly from a motor or alternatively from a motor connected to a magnetic coupling, further minimizing the incidence of atmospheric intrusion within the housing and the working fluid. The present disclosure and its various components may adapt existing equipment and may be manufactured from many materials including but not limited to metal sheets and foils, elastomers, steel plates, polymers, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, their alloys, and composites.

## Claims

1. A three stage vacuum pump for producing a vacuum comprising:
a first stage having a first fixed scroll connected to a housing and a first orbiting scroll, said first fixed scroll communicating to a space selected for evacuation, said first orbiting scroll having an inner face and an opposite outer face, said outer face of said first orbiting scroll meshing with said first fixed scroll;
a second stage adjacent to said first stage inwardly, said second stage in gaseous communication to said first stage, said second stage having a second fixed scroll, said second fixed scroll meshing with said inner face of said first orbiting scroll;
a third stage spaced inwardly of said second stage, said third stage in gaseous communication to said second stage, said third stage having a third fixed scroll and a second orbiting scroll, said second orbiting scroll meshing with said third fixed scroll;
a driving pin journaled to say second orbiting scroll opposite said third fixed scroll;
a motor operatively connected to said driving pin, said motor imparting rotation to said driving pin, said motor being generally opposite said first fixed scroll and outwardly of said second orbiting scroll; and,
said motor rotating said first orbiting scroll and said second orbiting scroll simultaneously to evacuate gas molecules from the selected space.

2. The three stage vacuum pump of claim 1 wherein the first fixed scroll, the housing, and the first orbiting scroll each have fins thereon for transferring heat from the fixed scroll and the orbiting scroll to the housing.

3. The three stage vacuum pump of claim 1 wherein the housing comprises internal fins and external fins.

4. The three stage vacuum pump of claim 3 wherein the internal fins are arranged in a spiral pattern.

5. The three stage vacuum pump of claim 1 wherein the housing comprises a generally gambrel shape having a flat bottom, a pair of lower sides perpendicular to the bottom, a pair of inwardly canted middle sides with the inwardly canted middle sides continuing upwardly to a pair of second canted sides.

6. The three stage vacuum pump of claim 1 wherein the orbiting scroll comprises a plurality of fins arranged in a spiral pattern.

7. The three stage vacuum pump of claim 1 wherein the housing comprises a generally gambrel shape portion and external fins with the external fins extending upwardly from the gambrel shape portion.

8. The three stage vacuum pump of claim 1 further comprising a fan connected to the pump generally perpendicular to the motor and centered between the third stage and the second stage adapted to move atmospheric air through and over the pump therein accelerating heat transfer from the pump.

9. The three stage vacuum pump of claim 1 wherein the second fixed scroll has a generally centered hub extending inwardly and opposite the first orbiting scroll, the hub having a centered passage for communication of gas molecules from the second stage to the third stage.

10. The three stage vacuum pump of claim 1 wherein the housing comprises a generally gambrel shape portion and external fins with the external fins extending upwardly from the gambrel shape portion with each external fin having a narrow cross section and an elongated form with a length in excess of twice the width of the fin.