60000 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Office of Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy

10 CFR Parts 434 and 435

[Docket No. EE–RM–79–112–C]

RIN 1904–AA69

Energy Code for New Federal

Commercial and Multi-Family High

Rise Residential Buildings

AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy, DOE.

ACTION: Final rule.

SUMMARY: The Department of Energy

today issues a rule that establishes

building energy efficiency standards for

new Federal commercial and multifamily high rise residential buildings

pursuant to the requirements of the

Energy Conservation and Production

Act (ECPA). The final rule revises the

current interim Federal standards to

conform generally with the format of the

current voluntary building energy

codes. The final rule contains

substantive changes from the interim

rule in the areas of lighting, mechanical

ventilation, motors, building envelopes,

fenestration rating test procedures, and

test procedures for heating and cooling

equipment.

DATES: Effective Date: This regulation is

effective October 8, 2001. The

incorporation by reference of certain

publications listed in this rule is

approved by the Director of the Federal

Register as of October 8, 2001.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Ronald B. Majette, Office of Codes and

Standards, EE–43, U.S. Department of

Energy, Room 1J–018, 1000

Independence Avenue, SW.,

Washington, DC 20585–0121, Tel:

202–586–0517

Francine B. Pinto, Office of General

Counsel, GC–72, U.S. Department of

Energy, Room 6E–042, 1000

Independence Avenue, SW.,

Washington, DC 20585–0103, Tel:

202–586–7432

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Introduction

A. Authority

B. Background

C. Description of the Final Rule

II. Discussion of Comments and Changes to

the Proposed Rule

A. General Comments

1. Incorporation by reference

2. Metric Units of Measurement

B. Section-by-Section Comments

1. Compliance, Subpart A, Section 102

2. Default Values for Unlabeled

Fenestration Products, Subpart D,

Section 402

3. Solar Heat Gain and Shading

Coefficients, Subpart D, Section 201 and

402

4. Interior Lighting Power Allowances,

Subpart D, Section 401

5. Task Lighting Footnote, Subpart D,

Section 401

6. Ventilation Requirements for Enclosed

Parking Garages, Subpart D, Section 403

7. Thermal Efficiency Requirements for

Furnaces and Boilers, Subpart D, Section

403

8. Integrated Part Load Values for Cooling

Equipment Efficiency, Subpart D,

Section 403

9. Two-Tiered Code, Subpart D, Section

403

10. Equipment Absorption Cooling

Requirements, Subpart D, Section 403

11. Heat Pump Supplementary Heat

Operation, Subpart D, Section 403

12. Combined Water and Space Heating,

Subpart D, Section 404

13. Lavatory Water Temperature, Subpart

D, Section 404

14. Shower Heads and Lavatory Faucets,

Subpart D, Section 404

15. Equipment for Prototype or Reference

Buildings, Subpart E, Section 518

16. Determination of Energy Cost

Budget(ECB), Subpart E, Section 501

17. Conversion Factors for Electricity,

Subpart F, Section 601, 602

C. Other Changes

III. Consultation

IV. Energy Impacts

V. Technological Feasibility and Economic

Justification

VI. Measures Concerning Radon and Other

Indoor Air Pollutants

VII. Procedural Determinations

A. Review Under Executive Order 13132,

Federalism

B. Review Under Executive Order 12988,

‘‘Civil Justice Reform’’

C. Review Under Executive Order 12866,

‘‘Regulatory Planning and Review’’

D. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility

Act of 1980

E. Review Under the National

Environmental Policy Act

F. Paperwork Reduction Act Review

G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates

Reform Act of 1995

H. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal

Energy Administration Act of 1974

I. ‘‘Takings’’ Assessment Review

J. Congressional Notification

K. National Technology Transfer and

Advancement Act

I. Introduction

A. Authority

Section 305(a)(1) of the Energy

Conservation and Production Act, as

amended (ECPA), 42 U.S.C. 6834(a)(1),

requires the Department of Energy

(‘‘Department or ‘‘DOE’’) to establish by

rule energy standards for new Federal

buildings. In developing this final rule,

the Department is directed to consult

with other Federal agencies as well as

private and State associations and other

appropriate persons.

Section 305(a)(1) requires that the rule

contain energy efficiency measures that

are technologically feasible and

economically justified. Since ECPA

establishes that the new standards meet,

at a minimum, the requirements of the

American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE)/Illuminating

Engineering Society of North America

(IESNA) Standard 90.1–1989

(hereinafter Standard 90.1–1989)

(Section 305(a)(2)(A), the Department is

not required to establish the

technological feasibility and economic

justification for these minimum

statutorily prescribed requirements

(otherwise referred to as the ‘‘statutory

baseline’’). The Department is

interpreting this minimum requirement

to include those addenda to Standard

90.1–1989 which were in effect at the

time the Energy Policy Act of 1992

(EPACT), which amended ECPA, was

enacted. Since these addenda were part

of Standard 90.1–1989 at the time

EPACT was enacted, they are part of the

baseline against which the final rule is

compared for the purposes of assessing

its energy and economic impacts.

Section 305(a)(2)(A) requires that the

rule contain energy saving and

renewable energy specifications that

meet or exceed the energy saving and

renewable energy specifications of

Standard 90.1–1989 for commercial

buildings and of the Model Energy Code

(MEC), 1992, for residential buildings.

MEC 1992 exempts multi-family highrise residential buildings (over three

stories in height above ground) which

comply with Standard 90.1–1989. As a

result, Standard 90.1–1989 is the

applicable standard under section 305

of ECPA for high-rise residential

buildings. The final rule complies with

section 305(a)(2)(A).

The rule issued today is required to

become effective no later than one year

after it is issued. (Section 305(a)(1)). The

effective date is October 8, 2001.

Section 305(a)(2)(B) requires that to

the extent practicable, the new Federal

building energy standards use the same

format as the appropriate voluntary

building energy code. The final rule

revises the current interim Federal

standards to conform generally with the

format and language of the codified

version of Standard 90.1–1989. The

addenda to Standard 90.1–1989

included in the final rule are also

generally incorporated in their codified

form.

Section 305(a)(2)(C) further requires

that the final rule be established in

consultation with the Environmental

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60001

Protection Agency (EPA) and other

Federal agencies and, where

appropriate, contain measures with

regard to radon and other indoor air

pollutants.

Section 305(c) states that the

standards issued in the final rule be

reviewed and, if appropriate, updated at

not less than five year intervals.

Section 306 addresses Federal

compliance. Section 306(a) provides

that each Federal agency must adopt

procedures to assure that new Federal

buildings will meet or exceed the

Federal building energy standards

established by this rule. Section 306(b)

bars the head of a Federal agency from

expending Federal funds for the

construction of a new Federal Building

unless the building meets or exceeds the

appropriate Federal building energy

standards established under section 305.

Under section 306, Federal agencies

shall adopt procedures necessary to

assure that new Federal buildings meet

or exceed the Federal standard. For

instance, a Federal agency might adopt

a procedure allowing the use of local

building codes that meet or exceed the

Federal building standard in lieu of the

Federal code. Or, if desired, the agency

might adopt code inspection procedures

to assure compliance with the Federal

standard.

B. Background

On January 30, 1989, the Department

issued an interim standard (10 CFR part

435, subpart A) establishing energy

conservation voluntary performance

standards for the design of new

commercial and multi-family high rise

residential buildings; these standards

are mandatory for Federal buildings.

The Department’s interim standards and

Standard 90.1–1989 were developed in

conjunction with one another and

contain similar energy efficiency

provisions. ASHRAE and IESNA are

professional engineering societies which

have undertaken the responsibility of

sponsoring a voluntary industry

consensus standard for the design of

energy efficient commercial and multifamily high rise residential buildings.

The Department’s interim standard

and Standard 90.1–1989 followed a

parallel development track. ASHRAE/

IESNA provided technical expertise that

ensured the practicality of the interim

standards and Standard 90.1–1989. The

Department contributed technical

expertise and research results in the

development of these two standards.

The Department, in 1993 requested

ASHRAE to assist the Department in

producing a version of Standard 90.1–

1989 and its addenda in code format.

This joint effort was undertaken to assist

States in responding to section 304(b) of

ECPA and to assist the Department in

establishing Federal building energy

efficiency standards. The resulting code,

published by ASHRAE/IESNA in

November 1993 is entitled ‘‘Energy

Code for Commercial and High-Rise

Residential Buildings’’ (hereinafter, the

codified version). This code has been

approved by the Council of American

Building Officials (CABO) as the basis

for its requirements for non-residential

buildings in the MEC and some of the

regional model codes.

ASHRAE/IESNA periodically

modifies the current edition of their

standard through an addenda process.

ASHRAE/IESNA has approved several

addenda to Standard 90.1–1989 since it

was published in 1989. The addenda

applicable to this rule are: Addenda b,

c, d, e, f, g, and i.

ASHRAE/IESNA is currently working

to produce a new standard that will

replace ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1.

The Department is also working to

produce a new standard that is more

stringent than the parameters of today’s

final rule. It is targeted to be 30 percent

more energy efficient overall than the

results of the 1985 Economic

Assessment for the current interim

standard, published in 10 CFR part 435,

or 20–30 percent more efficient than

today’s final rule. The Department’s

decision to promulgate today’s final rule

is based on a need for Federal buildings

to be in full compliance with EPACT

requirements and to adopt all applicable

addenda from Standard 90.1–1989 that

improve energy efficiency. Federal

construction will benefit in energy

savings from the updated standards

while the Department continues its

work on a new standard that is more

stringent than today’s final rule. In

developing a new standard, the

Department will consider the updated

ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 as well

as other improvements that may be

economically justified and

technologically feasible.

On August 6, 1996, the Department

published a notice of proposed

rulemaking in the Federal Register,

‘‘Energy Code for New Federal

Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise

Residential Buildings,’’ 61 FR 40882, to

establish building energy efficiency

standards for new Federal commercial

and multi-family high rise residential

buildings pursuant to the requirements

of ECPA, as amended. On September 4,

1996, a public hearing was held in

Washington, DC, at which time two

commenters made oral presentations.

The comment period closed November

4, 1996. Fourteen commenters

submitted a total of 50 written

comments during the public comment

period.

C. Description of the Final Rule

The standards issued today specify a

minimum level of energy efficiency for

new Federal commercial and high-rise

residential buildings based on Standard

90.1–1989. The final rule contains

substantive changes from the interim

standard in the areas of lighting,

mechanical ventilation, motors,

building envelopes, fenestration rating

procedures, and heating and cooling

equipment test procedures. It includes

those addenda which were in effect at

the time EPACT was enacted

(Addendum 90.1b revising service water

heating criteria and updating

miscellaneous references to other

standards, Addendum 90.1d addressing

lighting controls, and Addendum 90.1e

updating ventilation requirements).

The final rule also adopts a format

that generally conforms to the format of

the codified version of Standard 90.1–

1989, providing provisions to the final

rule that are similar to those being

adopted by State and local jurisdictions.

It does not address the design of

residential single family or multi-family

low rise buildings, currently addressed

by subpart C of 10 CFR part 435. Such

buildings will be addressed in a

separate rulemaking.

The current interim standards for

Federal commercial and multi-family

high-rise residential buildings are found

in subpart A of 10 CFR part 435. For

clarity and ease of use, the Department

is replacing subparts A and B of part

435 with the new 10 CFR part 434,

containing the building energy

efficiency requirements for new Federal

commercial and multi-family high-rise

residential buildings.

The final rule also includes several

other addenda adopted by ASHRAE and

IESNA after EPACT was enacted. These

include Addenda g, i, and c, addressing

building envelopes, heating and cooling

equipment test procedures, motor

efficiency, and procedures for

calculating fenestration ratings,

respectively.

The lighting standards in the final

rule differ from both the interim

standards and Standard 90.1–1989.

Overall, the updated lighting provisions

are more stringent than Standard 90.1–

1989 and reflect new information

concerning energy requirements needed

to achieve adequate lighting levels.

The final rule provides minimum

energy efficiency levels to be required in

each new Federal commercial and highrise residential building. The individual

specifications for lighting, heating,

ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC)

60002 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

equipment, envelope, and other aspects

of buildings found in subpart D of the

final rule determine the minimum level

of energy efficiency required for a

particular building. This ‘‘prescriptive

path’’ provides a simple means of

ensuring that design specifications meet

the compliance requirements of the final

rule.

Flexibility is also a key feature of the

final rule. While some of the specific

design requirements of subpart D apply

in all cases, this final rule provides for

flexibility in many other areas if

building designers can show that the

overall building energy use or energy

cost compares favorably to the baseline

energy use or energy cost based on

Subparts E or F of the final rule.

Tradeoffs among lighting systems and

among building shell components can

be made using the Department’s version

of the Envelope Standard (ENVSTD)

software. Building-wide trade-offs

among energy efficient features,

including features not explicitly

addressed in Subpart D, such as passive

and active renewable energy source

features, can be made as well. Subpart

E allows building-wide flexibility as

long as the net result equals or is below

an energy cost budget based on the

prescriptive path. Subpart F allows

these trade-offs to be made if predicted

total building energy use is at or below

the level expected using the

‘‘prescriptive path’’ for a reference

building. These alternative paths are

especially valuable as a means for

building designers to take advantage of

the energy savings potential of new

technologies.

ASHRAE and IESNA have published

Standard 90.1–1989 in a code format

that is generally consistent with the

standard itself. The Department has

based its rule on the format of the

codified version of Standard 90.1–1989,

published by ASHRAE and IESNA in

1993, and has adopted verbatim

significant portions of it.

The codified version is widely used

by State and local code making bodies

as they update their codes. The

designers and builders of Federal

buildings, who also design and

construct State and private sector

buildings, will be familiar with the

provisions of the codified version, their

importance, and how to meet them.

Therefore, the consistency of the format

of the final rule with industry-wide

practices facilitates implementation by

Federal agencies of the final rule.

II. Discussion of Comments and

Changes to the Proposed Rule

This section responds to significant

comments and explains other changes to

the proposed rule.

A. General Comments

(1) Incorporation By Reference

The Department proposed to include

the entire Federal code in a new 10 CFR

part 434, instead of incorporating

provisions of Standard 90.1–1989 by

reference. DOE invited comments as to

whether Standard 90.1–1989, including

appropriate addenda, should be

incorporated by reference instead of

publishing the rule in its entirety. One

commenter (Society of Plastics Industry,

Inc. (SPI), No. 6; 1) stated that it

supported publishing the rule in its

entirety so that all relevant

requirements, including addenda, are

together in one document. It stated that

this would make the final rule more

user-friendly. One commenter suggested

that the Standard 90.1–1989 be

incorporated by reference with

appropriate addenda, and that the

Department publish only the differences

between the Standard 90.1–1989 and

the final rule. Federal Interagency

Energy Management Task Force

(hereinafter New Space Working

Group), (New Space Working Group,

No. 14; 1).

The Department has concluded that

there are a number of important

substantive technical and administrative

differences between Standard 90.1–1989

and the final rule which need to be

included in one document for

simplicity, ease, and availability.

Administratively, these range from the

scope of buildings and spaces covered (a

number of Federal building types and

space categories would not be covered

if Standard 90.1–1989 were adopted by

reference), to the terminology used in

defining the relationship between

owners, designers and code officials, as

opposed to agencies and their design

contractors. The differences range from

significantly more stringent lighting

criteria to the incorporation of metric

units. It would be cumbersome and

inefficient to require agencies to pull

disparate elements from several sources

and integrate them for use.

The Department believes that since 10

CFR part 434 is a code strictly for

Federal commercial and high rise

residential buildings, the entire code

must be readily available to Federal

managers who must comply with this

code while designing and constructing

new Federal facilities.

Publishing the document in its

entirety will allow the complete code to

be found in one location, in a unified

form for easy access.

(2) Metric Units of Measurement

The proposed rule is stated only in

English units of measurement. One

commenter stated that the rule should

reference metric as well as English

units. (New Space Working Group, No.

14; 3)

The Department agrees with this

comment. Executive Order 12770,

‘‘Metric Usage in Federal Government

Programs,’’ 56 FR 35801 (July 25, 1991),

directs executive branch departments

and agencies of the United States

Government to take all appropriate

measures to implement the metric

system of measurement as the preferred

system of weights and measures for

United States trade and commerce.

Therefore, in order to take a first step

towards implementing this Executive

Order, DOE has provided a soft metric

conversion for the applicable tables

throughout the final rule in order to

increase understanding of the metric

system and to support and encourage its

use. The Department is also

participating in the metric conversion of

calculations, algorithms, formulas, and

tables for the proposed revisions to the

updated Standard 90.1–1989. All tables

have not yet been converted, but the

90.1 Committee is working to reach

consensus on a hard metric conversion

for the entire updated Standard 90.1–

1989. When this is complete, the

Department will consider proposing

inclusion in the Federal Code.

B. Section-by-Section Comments

(1) Compliance, Subpart A, Section 102

The Department received public

comment on the application of Section

434.102 , ‘‘Compliance,’’ to certain

subparts within the rule. Section

434.102, requires that when the

alternative requirements of subparts E

and F are used to design and construct

buildings, such designs shall be

certified by a registered architect or

engineer. This requirement does not

apply to subpart D. One commenter

stated that there should be a provision

requiring certification by a registered

architect or engineer for buildings that

are designed and constructed to meet

the prescriptive specifications of

subpart D (New Space Working Group,

No. 14; 3). This certification

requirement is included in subparts E

and F, and in equivalent parts of

Standard 90.1–1989, and the subsequent

codified version of the standard,

because these latter subparts require a

comparative energy analysis of the

proposed design to a prototype or

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60003

reference building. DOE believes that

such an analysis requires the services of

a registered architect or engineer. To the

contrary, subpart D requires no such

analysis. Subpart D is composed of a set

of prescriptive and component

performance requirements, most of

which are straight forward. Such

designs can be readily checked by a

code inspector or, by the responsible

facility manager.

The Department continues to believe

that it is inappropriate to establish a

blanket requirement for certification by

an architect or engineer for all buildings

utilizing the prescriptive requirements

of subpart D. In most cases, compliance

can be readily determined without this

certification. ECPA Section 306(a)

explicitly directs the head of each

Federal agency to adopt procedures

necessary to assure that their buildings

meet or exceed the rule adopted today.

The Department recommends that

agencies consider establishing a

procedure for certification by a

registered architect or engineer in those

cases where compliance with subpart D

cannot be readily established.

(2) Default Values for Unlabeled

Fenestration Products, Subpart D,

Section 402

One commenter requested that this

rule follow the lead of the MEC and

fully and explicitly incorporate all of

the standard National Fenestration

Rating Council (NFRC) procedures. The

commenter provided suggested text that

would replace sections 402.1.1.1 and

402.1.2.4, requiring that U-values, Solar

Heat Gain Coefficients (SHGC) and

Visible Light Transmittance (VLT)

would be determined in accordance

with the applicable NFRC procedures by

independent labs, and be certified and

labeled by manufacturers. (Anderson

Windows, No. 5; 1–2) This suggested

change would include eliminating the

use of shading coefficients, as well as

adding to the testing and certification

procedures required by the proposed

rule.

At present, the explicit use of NFRC

procedures is permissible only for those

fenestration products that are designed,

constructed, and tested in a quality

controlled environment such as a

manufacturing plant and/or warehouse.

In commercial construction, fenestration

units and skylights that are site-built

because of size, weight, and transporting

difficulties (i.e. mall atriums), are not

covered by NFRC procedures and

cannot be certified or properly labeled

under these guidelines. The NFRC test

procedures are specifically for off-theshelf fenestration products, and do not

appropriately cover site-built products.

Because site-built fenestration units

can represent a significant portion of the

window and skylight requirements for

new Federal commercial buildings, the

Department has retained the language of

sections 402.1.1.1 and 402.1.2.4 in the

final rule. The Department is working

with the NFRC to develop guidelines

that will adequately cover all

fenestration products that are site-built

as well as pre-manufactured.

(3) Solar Heat Gain and Shading

Coefficients, Subpart D, Section 201 and

402

In the proposed rule, the Department

uses Shading Coefficient (SC) in the

Alternate Component Package Tables

(ACP). Two commenters suggested that

the Department adopt the alternative

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient in place of

the SC because it provides a more

accurate representation of the passive

solar heat gain properties of fenestration

products, than do SC values. (Anderson

Windows, No. 5; 1; Pella Corporation,

No. 3; 1).

The Department agrees that the SHGC

is a more accurate measure of solar heat

gain and, therefore, encourages its use.

The SHGC is the proportion of solar

radiation striking a unit of glazing or

fenestration (such as a window) that

enters the space through the unit. This

heat gain represents both the heat gain

transmitted directly into the space and

that absorbed by the unit and reemitted, reradiated, conducted, or

convected into the space. The solar heat

gain coefficient may be measured with

the radiation striking the unit normal

(perpendicular) to it or striking it at an

angle (general at 40, 50, 60 or 70

degrees).

In contrast, the SC is a calculated (not

tested) multiplier that was created to

adjust the solar heat gain values for

clear glass (which has well

characterized properties) to a value for

tinted glass. It works well for single

pane and tinted glass with heat and

light transmittance paths the same as

those of single pane clear glass.

However, it has been found to give

incorrect results in two significant

cases: (1) when the path along which

heat and light are transmitted through

the actual glazing differs substantially

from that of the referenced glazing (as

for multi-pane glazing when solar

radiance strikes it at above 60 degrees);

and (2) when the solar gain is primarily

(more than 60 percent) due to

absorption and the wind speed is not

close to the speed at which the SC was

determined (7.5 mph). These limitations

can seriously affect the accuracy of

calculated building peak heat loads. The

SC can overpredict the solar heat gain

through a window at a given hour by as

much as 35 percent.

The Department will continue to

allow the use of SC values because they

are still being used in simplified energy

analysis programs and by some window

and glazing manufacturers as the

fenestration industry converts to SHGC

values. However, SHGC values have

been added to all applicable tables in

this final rule. Furthermore, the

definition of SC has been modified for

accuracy and a definition of SHGC has

been added to section 201,

‘‘Definitions’’ of the final rule. The

references to NFRC–100–91, which

contains manufacturer spectral data,

and NFRC–200, which establishes the

equations and procedures for using this

data to calculate SHGC’s, have been

added to the reference standard section

of this final rule.

(4) Interior Lighting Power Allowances

Subpart D, Section 401

One commenter took the position that

the particular values in the proposed

rule for the interior lighting power

allowances for whole-building

categories are not stringent enough and

that all of the lighting values should be

reconsidered or reassessed. No specific

recommended lighting values were

provided. (New Space Working Group,

No. 14; 2).

As noted in the preamble to the

proposed rule, the Unit Power Density

(UPD) values (W per ft 2) included in the

rule are based on a detailed analysis of

the technical and economic

performance of the 1993 UPD values

found in the interim rule. These 1993

values are substantively more efficient

than the values in Standard 90.1–1989.

The Department found that in 25 space

types, the Standard 90.1–1989 UPD

value is the most appropriate one for

this rule. For 40 space types, a value at

or below the 1993 interim UPD value

was found to be economically justified

and technologically feasible, and these

more energy efficient values are

included in today’s final rule. In the

remaining space types, the UPD value

incorporated in today’s rule falls

between the 1989 and 1993 values, or

there was no difference in the two

values.

Therefore, in every case the lighting

provisions in this rule meets or exceeds

the energy efficiency of the provisions

contained in Standard 90.1–1989. These

provisions reflect the results of the

demonstration phase of the 1993 interim

lighting numbers. These values reflect a

goal of progressive energy-conserving

practice without prohibiting the design

of quality lighting in interior

environments. Details of this analysis

60004 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

are found in the Technical Support

Document (TSD).

The Department is aware that lighting

technologies and design strategies are

evolving rapidly. As the technical and

economic justification for new UPD

values are established, the Department

will further update the code provisions

for Federal buildings concerning

lighting requirements. In addition, the

Department through its Federal Energy

Management Program is promoting

highly efficient lighting design strategies

for Federal buildings.

(5) Task Lighting Footnote, Subpart D,

Section 401

One commenter recommended adding

a footnote to one of the Building Space

Activities entitled ‘‘Offices’’, in Table

401.3.2a. It was suggested that this

footnote state ‘‘include task lighting.’’

(New Space Working Group, No 14; 2).

No further elabortation was offered by

this commenter.

Task lighting is not included in the

calculation of interior lighting power

allowances for office space. Task

lighting is generally brought to the

building after construction is

completed. It is plugged into wall and

floor outlets and is usually not hard

wired into the buildings electrical

system. It is regularly changed without

code approval or the assistance of an

electrician. It is, therefore, almost

impossible to regulate through buildings

codes. The Department, therefore, will

not add a footnote concerning task

lighting to the final rule.

(6) Ventilation Requirements for

Enclosed Parking Garages, Subpart D,

Section 403

Section 403.2.4.2 entitled

‘‘Ventilation Controls for Enclosed

Parking Garages,’’ requires automatic

control of fans that stage or modulate air

volume as required to maintain carbon

monoxide at or below the levels

suggested in ASHRAE 62–1989. One

commenter suggests that in addition to

carbon monoxide control requirements,

there should also be a requirement for

automatic ventilation controls for

nitrogen dioxide levels that exceed 5

parts per million where diesel-powered

vehicles will be operated, parked and/

or serviced in a building. (Virginia

Electric and Power Co. (Vepco), No. 10;

1–2, 4). The commenter’s proposed

threshold exposure level is the same as

the Occupational Safety and Health

Administration’s (OSHA’s) regulatory

standard codified at 29 CFR 1910.1000,

subpart Z. Subpart Z sets forth the

OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels

(PELs). Table Z–1 contains limits for air

contaminants, including nitrogen

dioxide.

The OSHA Standard (29 CFR

1910.1000, subpart Z) is the applicable

regulation for nitrogen dioxide exposure

limits, and implicitly ventilation must

be designed so that the exposure of

nitrogen dioxide is no greater than 5

parts per million. If exposure levels of

nitrogen dioxide exceed this permissible

exposure limit, the OSHA standard, 29

CFR 1910.1000 (e) requires the

employer to reduce exposures

preferably using engineering controls

(ventilation measures).

The commenter did not recommend

particular ventilation controls or

provide a basis for DOE prescribing

such controls. Moreover, this subject

was not discussed in DOE’s Notice of

Proposed Rulemaking. At this time, the

Department has no basis to establish a

requirement for nitrogen dioxide

ventilation controls.

(7) Thermal Efficiency Requirements for

Furnaces and Boilers, Subpart D,

Section 403

Three commenters submitted remarks

pertaining to the inclusion in Tables

403.1e, 403.1f and 404.1 of minimum

efficiency requirements for furnaces and

boilers operating at minimum capacity

(Gas Appliance Manufacturers

Association (GAMA), No. 8; 1–2;

American Gas Association (AGA), No. 4;

4–5; Columbia Gas, No. 9; 3). One

commenter objects to DOE’s inclusion

in this rule of minimum efficiency

requirements for furnaces and boilers

operating at minimum capacity and

believes that the requirements in this

rule should be identical to the standards

for these products contained in the

Energy Policy and Conservation Act

(EPCA), as amended by EPACT. The

commenter takes this position based on

general language in the Preamble to the

proposed rule that ‘‘the provisions of

today’s proposed rule (based on the

codified version of Standard 90.1)

would be similar to those being adopted

by State and local jurisdictions and

widely used in the private sector.’’ (61

FR 40883, August 6, 1996) The

commenter argues that ‘‘if DOE wants

the Proposed Rule to be consistent with,

or serve as a model for, updated State

building codes, DOE should remember

that State and local building codes must

abide by the Federal preemption

provisions of NAECA and EPACT.’’

(GAMA, No. 8; 1–2) It argues that States

cannot adopt requirements for the

operation of furnaces and boilers at

minimum capacity and, therefore, if

consistency is a goal, the Federal

Government should delete these

minimum capacity requirements from

its rule.

In addition, two other commenters

took the position that DOE must review

the minimum efficiency requirements in

Tables 403.1e, 403.1f and 404 to assess

whether or not they are cost effective,

rather than rely upon their inclusion in

ASHRAE 90.1–1989 as the basis for

incorporation in the present rule. (AGA,

No. 4; 4–5; Columbia Gas, No. 9; 3)

Concerning another subject, unit

heaters and duct furnaces, both nonEPACT covered products, one

commenter stated that the Department

should delete the minimum capacity

efficiency requirements from the

proposed rule for this equipment

because the requirements may

discourage manufacturers from offering

products that have more potential

energy savings, such as products with

modulating controls or two-stage

operation. (GAMA, No. 8; 2)

The legislative requirements for this

rule are contained in section 305 of

ECPA, as amended, which clearly states

that the rule for energy efficiency

standards for new Federal buildings

must meet or exceed ASHRAE Standard

90.1–1989. Section 305 of ECPA does

not state that Federal building standards

can be no more energy efficient than the

provisions of section 342 of EPCA, or

any other Federal minimum energy

requirement. Nor does section 305

mention that the Federal requirements

should be similar or identical to State

and local building codes. Section 305

simply establishes that the new

standards meet, at a minimum, the

requirements of Standard 90.1–1989,

thus establishing ASHRAE 90.1–1989 as

the statutory baseline or minimum

standard level. ASHRAE 90.1–1989

contains both minimum and maximum

operating capacity efficiencies for

furnaces and boilers. The minimum and

maximum operating capacity

efficiencies in this rule are identical to

those found in Standard 90.1–1989.

Accordingly, this rule meets the

legislative requirements.

The Department’s discussion in the

Preamble concerning consistency

between the proposed rule and

industry-wide practices addressed

generally the format and provisions of

the proposed rule. It acknowledges that,

in general, consistency with industrywide practices would facilitate

implementation by Federal agencies of

the final rule. Consequently, the

Department is adopting ‘‘verbatim

significant portions’’ of the codified

version of ASHRAE Standard 90.1–1989

and the format of the codified version.

(61 FR 40884, August 6, 1996) The

Department’s statements, however, do

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60005

not lead to the conclusion that the

Department intends that Federal

standards be identical in every respect

to requirements adopted by the States or

those used in the private sector.

As previously noted, this commenter

suggests that the Department should

adopt the same minimum efficiency

standards for specified categories of

furnaces and boilers with respect to

their energy use at maximum rated

capacity as provided for in section 342

of EPCA, as amended by section 122 of

EPACT, ‘‘Energy Conservation

Requirements for Certain Commercial

and Industrial Equipment.’’ These latter

requirements specifically apply to

manufacturers of such equipment.

While the minimum efficiency

requirements in section 342 restrict the

types of equipment available in the

market place, they do not purport to

limit the ability of the Federal

Government to establish additional

requirements for equipment purchased

for new Federal buildings. Furthermore,

because the requirements of this final

rule are for newly constructed Federal

commercial and high-rise residential

buildings only, they do not affect or

alter the requirements of section 342 of

EPCA pertaining to the manufacture of

certain furnaces and boilers.

The Department also believes that the

adoption of efficiency requirements for

minimum operating capacities in

today’s rule represents sound policy.

This rule addresses the purchase of

equipment by Federal agencies, and

takes into account the expected

applications of this equipment in

Federal facilities. Due to variations in

weather, occupancy, and comfort

requirements, these types of equipment

are not generally operated at maximum

capacity in Federal facilities. By

establishing minimum performance

requirements at both minimum and

maximum operating capacity, this rule

takes into account the full range of

operating conditions expected in

Federal facilities. These minimum

efficiency levels at minimum capacity

promote energy savings and cut

operating costs for Federal agencies. The

Federal Government has the

responsibility to procure equipment that

best serves its requirements, while

minimizing the cost to taxpayers. The

inclusion of minimum efficiency

requirements for furnaces and boilers

operating at minimum capacity in this

rule serves that purpose.

Moreover, the Department has

considered and rejected the two abovereferenced comments that request DOE

to establish the cost-effectiveness of the

minimum efficiency requirements in

Tables 403.1e, 403.1f, and 404, instead

of relying on their inclusion in Standard

90.1–1989 as the basis for incorporation

in the final rule. The Department has

determined that a cost analysis is

unnecessary in light of the fact that the

above-referenced requirements included

in this rule are identical to the statutory

baseline, ASHRAE 90.1–1989, thus

meeting the minimum required by

statute.

Therefore, the Department will retain

the minimum efficiency requirements of

sections 403 and 404 in their entirety in

the final rule. The requirements in

sections 403 and 404 meet the

legislative requirements of section 305

of ECPA, as amended. Moreover, section

342 of EPCA, as amended, does not

curtail the legislative mandate of section

305.

Lastly, the Department has considered

and rejected the request that it delete

the minimum capacity efficiency

requirements for unit heaters and duct

furnaces, as suggested by one

commenter. The requirements the

Department has adopted for this

equipment are identical to those in

ASHRAE Standard 90.1–1989. As

discussed previously, section 305 of

ECPA, as amended, establishes

ASHRAE Standard 90.1–1989 as the

statutory baseline or minimum standard

level. Therefore, by adopting these

requirements, the rule meets the

legislative requirements. Moreover, the

commenter did not provide any

explanation or information that would

cause the Department to be concerned

that adopting these requirements would

impact the availability of more efficient

equipment, such as products with

modulating controls and two-stage

operation mentioned by the commenter.

As a matter of fact, this type of

equipment is already generally

available. Accordingly, the Department

will retain the minimum capacity

efficiency requirements for unit heaters

and duct furnaces.

(8) Integrated Part-Load Values for

Cooling Equipment Efficiency, Subpart

D, Section 403

One commenter argues that the

Department cannot use Integrated PartLoad Values (IPLV) ratings for unitary

air conditioners, condensing units,

applied heat pumps, and water chilling

packages in its Federal building energy

code, arguing that the energy descriptors

for products cannot be expanded to

include various other rating conditions

or energy descriptors, i.e. IPLV ratings,

due to Federal preemption of State

regulations. It also argued that Congress

specifically excluded multiple rating

points on standards for the manufacture

of these products at the request of the

manufacturers. (American Refrigeration

Institute (AGA), No. 15; 1–2)

Section 342 of EPCA, as amended by

section 122 of EPACT, sets minimum

standards for the manufacture of certain

equipment, thereby prohibiting the

production or import of equipment that

does not meet the standards.

Today’s final rule governs the design

and construction of new Federal

buildings, not the manufacture of

equipment. This rule implements

section 305 of ECPA as amended, which

requires the establishment of Federal

energy efficiency standards for the

design and construction of new Federal

buildings. Section 305 directs Federal

agencies to meet or exceed ASHRAE

Standard 90.1–1989 in developing its

standards. This rule includes the same

part-load values found in ASHRAE

Standard 90.1–1989, thereby meeting

the legislative requirements of Section

305 of ECPA, as amended.

DOE rejects the argument that the

Federal rule cannot contain part-load

criteria due to Federal preemption. The

preemption provision in section 345 of

EPCA, as amended, does not apply to

the procurement of equipment used in

new Federal buildings. The Federal

Government is, therefore, not mandated

to delete the part-load minimum

requirements from its standard by virtue

of the preemption provision.

Finally, Federal agencies fund both

the building and operation of their

facilities. As such, they have a

significant interest in both the first cost

and operating costs of building

equipment. Motorized equipment in

buildings run at part-load for the

majority of their use and operation. For

example, cooling equipment is rarely

operated at a maximum load value in

the spring, winter, and fall, or at night.

Integrated part-load value criteria in

building energy codes limits the

inefficiency of equipment at part-load

conditions. These criteria have been a

formal part of this requirement for

Federal buildings since January 1989

(10 CFR part 435) and have helped

Federal agencies operate their buildings

more efficiently and at less cost. These

requirements improve the energy

efficiency of Federal buildings.

Accordingly, the Department will

retain integrated part-load value criteria

as part of its final rule.

(9) Two-Tiered Code, Subpart D, Section

403

One commenter suggested that a twotier approach to selecting energy

efficient HVAC equipment, similar to

that originally proposed for the updated

version of ASHRAE 90.1–1989, be

added to the final rule (New Space

60006 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

Working Group, No.14; 2). The

Department recognizes that there are

products on the market that have more

efficient ratings than will be required by

this final rule. This rule establishes

minimum efficiency levels for HVAC

equipment included in new Federal

buildings.

Executive Order 12902, Energy

Efficiency and Water Conservation at

Federal Facilities, further directs

agencies to purchase equipment that is

in the upper 25 percent of energy

efficiency for all similar products or at

least 10 percent more efficient than the

minimum level that meets Federal

standards, if they are cost-effective and

to the extent practicable (Section

507(a)(2)). In practice, Executive Order

12902 creates a second tier of efficiency

levels for equipment purchased by

Federal agencies. Therefore, the

Department will not add a second tier

of requirements to this rule.

(10) Equipment Absorption Cooling

Requirements, Subpart D, Section 403

In the proposed rule, Table 403.1c

contains absorption cooling minimum

efficiency requirements. One

commenter agrees that these efficiency

requirements should be included in the

rule, but argues they should be

increased to reflect average fleet

efficiencies. (Vepco, No. 10; 2,4).

An increase in the required minimum

efficiency of these products would

require an economic analysis indicating

the cost-effectiveness of the higher

standard to the Federal Government.

While increased efficiencies might well

be cost-effective, a reliable testing and

rating procedure is required. The

current rating method, RS–30, has been

controversial and can lead to inaccurate

results. The Department is working with

industry to develop a rating method that

would provide a reliable and verifiable

measure of the energy performance of

this equipment. The development of

this method would allow the

Department to determine the most costeffective level of efficiency for this

equipment.

The Department will retain the

requirements in Table 403.1c for the

absorption cooling minimum efficiency

requirements.

(11) Heat Pump Supplementary Heat

Operation, Subpart D, Section 403

Two commenters proposed deleting

the Section 403.2.6.4 requirement that

would prevent supplementary heat

operation, when the heat pump alone is

capable of handling the heating load

(Edison Electric Institute (EEI), No. 11;

3–4, Vepco, No. 10; 3). The

supplementary heat is usually electric

resistance heat.

This requirement is included in

Standard 90.1–1989 and has been in

effect in 10 CFR part 435 since 1989.

Under this provision, the supplemental

heater operation is allowed during

outdoor coil defrost cycles that do not

exceed a running interval of fifteen

minutes. Therefore, heat pumps with

supplementary resistance heaters must

have controls that prevent auxiliary

heater operation when the heating load

can be met by the heat pump alone.

Contrary to the contention that this

provision bans a class of products from

the marketplace, the rule specifies

performance requirements for these

systems when purchased for use in new

Federal buildings. If Section 403.2.6.4

were removed it would prevent the final

rule from meeting the minimum

requirements of Standard 90.1–1989, as

required by EPACT. The Department

will keep this provision in the final rule.

(12) Combined Water and Space

Heating, Subpart D, Section 404

The proposed rule would allow use of

a combination water and space heating

unit when the energy input and the

storage volume of the combination unit

is less than twice the energy input or

storage volumes of the smaller of the

separate boilers or water heaters, or the

input to the combined boiler is less than

150,000 Btu/h. Three commenters

proposed that the limitation on

combined water and space heating

equipment, section 404.6, be deleted

(Viessmann, No. 1; 1–2; AGA, No. 4; 4;

Columbia Gas, No.9; 3). One of these

commenters argued that this provision

is not necessary and should be deleted

to avoid confusion (Columbia Gas, No.

9; 3). Another believes that section

404.1 and section 404.6 appear to be

working at cross purposes, the first

setting requirements for combined water

and space heating systems, while the

latter restricts their use with exceptions

(AGA, No. 4; 4). The third believes that

the dual requirements opens a loophole

leading to a reduction in fuel efficiency

because boilers and water heaters are

tested under quite different conditions.

‘‘A water heater’s thermal efficiency

starting with cold water is far easier to

attain than is a boiler’s steady state

combustion efficiency which raises

water temperature over a limited, higher

range.’’(Viessmann, No. 1; 1–2). Finally,

it was argued that, due to the lower

price of water heaters relative to boilers,

economic pressures will favor the less

efficient equipment. It was stated that if

a water heater that meets the minimum

requirements of section 404.1 is used to

supplant a boiler meeting the

requirements of Table 403.1(f), then

energy consumption will rise

(78%Et<80%Ec).

Section 404.1 requires that service

water heating equipment used to

produce additional functions of space

heating as part of a combination

(integrated) system shall satisfy all

stated requirements for the service water

heating equipment. Section 404.6

generally prohibits the use of combined

service water heating and space heating

equipment, but states the conditions

when they can be used.

The Department believes that §§ 404.1

and 404.6 function together

appropriately. The exceptions in § 404.6

were included in Standard 90.1–1989 to

prevent inefficient use of such

equipment. This means that the rated

input capacity and the storage volume

of the combined equipment will be such

that neither the space heating nor the

water heating loads dominate the other

and are almost of equal magnitude, so

that the combined equipment is likely to

operate at least at 50% load or higher

throughout the year. This prevents the

equipment from operating at lower partload conditions (with related very low

efficiencies) during most of the nonheating months of the year. The

exceptions in § 404.6 allow the use of

combination service water heating and

space heating equipment, if certain

criteria are met. These have been

incorporated into this rule to promote

efficient use of such equipment. The

separate efficiency requirements for a

water heater in terms of a thermal

efficiency (78%) and for a boiler, in

terms of a combustion efficiency (80%),

are virtually equivalent. This is because

the thermal efficiency, by definition, is

lower than the combustion efficiency by

2 or 3 percentage points (to account for

the jacket losses) in most heating

equipment. For these reasons, the

Department does not adopt the

commenters’ view and will not require

that combination equipment meet the

separate efficiency requirements for

both water heaters and boilers, and will

retain the provisions of § 404.6 in the

final rule.

(13) Lavatory Water Temperature,

Subpart D, Section 404

In the proposed rule, the temperature

for the lavatory outlet is specified at a

maximum of 110 degrees F. A

commenter suggested that the maximum

level be revised to 120 degrees F due to

the fact that ‘‘American consumers are

accustomed to this pre-determined

water temperature, and satisfaction

levels would drop if and when anything

less would be mandated.’’ (Plumbing

Manufacturers Institute (PMI), No. 12;

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60007

3). The same commenter also argued

that the Legionella Pneumophila

organism was capable of colonizing in

hot water systems at 115 degrees F, and

could even reproduce at 110 degrees F.

(PMI, No. 12; 3)

The Department does not accept the

suggestion to revise the outlet

temperature to 120 degrees F. As stated

in the 1995 ASHRAE Applications

Handbook (RS–47, pp. 44–12), the

Legionella bacteria are killed at

temperatures above 140 degrees F.

Therefore, the commenter’s suggestion

would not improve water conditions as

they recommend.

But more importantly, the maximum

outlet temperature for lavatories is

specified at 110 degrees F in Standard

90.1–1989. Section 305 of ECPA

requires the Department to meet or

exceed the energy savings of that

standard. Therefore, the Department

will not raise the lavatory outlet

temperature from 110 to 120 degrees F

because that would result in greater

energy use than Standard 90.1–1989.

With regard to the health and safety

aspects of lavatory outlet temperatures,

the 1995 ASHRAE Applications

Handbook (RS–47, pp. 44–13) indicates

that revising the temperatures to 120

degrees F would not kill Legionella

bacteria. The Department is concerned

however, that a temperature of 120

degrees F could scald users.

(14) Shower Heads and Lavatory

Faucets, Subpart D, Section 404

Section 404.4, Water Conservation,

provides that shower heads and lavatory

faucets meet the requirements of 10 CFR

430.32. One commenter suggested

aligning the water conservation section

(Standard 404.4) with established

consensus standards flow rate

requirements already established by the

American Society of Mechanical

Engineers/American National Standards

Institute (ASME/ANSI). It also suggested

that rather than basing the criteria on

whether the water system was

circulating or noncirculating, it be based

on whether a metering valve is used.

Finally it was suggested that the criteria

not restrict the use of hot water only.

(PMI, No. 12; 3).

The Department published a final rule

entitled ‘‘Energy Conservation Program

for Consumer Products: Test Procedures

and Certification and Enforcement

Requirements for Plumbing Products;

and Certification and Enforcement

Requirements for Residential

Appliances,’’ 63 FR 13308 (March 18,

1998) (codified at 10 CFR Part 430). This

rule codified the water conservation

standards established in EPCA for

showerheads, water closets and urinals.

It also incorporated by reference the

ASME/ANSI standards for these

products which are identical to the

statutory standards. For lavatory faucets,

the Department incorporated by

reference the revised ASME/ASNI

faucet standard A112.181M–1996 which

established a maximum flow rate of 2.2

gpm. For metering faucets, the rule also

established a maximum flow rate of 0.25

gallons per cycle regardless of whether

they are used in circulating or

noncirculating systems and with hot or

cold water.

The Department has changed the

language of today’s rule to clarify the

appropriate water conservation standard

that applies to showerheads and

lavatory faucets, namely, 10 CFR 430.32.

Moreover, since 10 CFR part 430

incorporates by reference the

appropriate ASME/ANSI standards,

DOE has aligned its rule with consensus

standards flow rate/metering

requirements as requested by the

commenter. This language change in

today’s final rule conforms this rule to

existing Federal requirements. Since

this change addresses flow rate

requirements for both hot and cold

water, it effectively incorporates the

commenter’s suggestion to address both

hot and cold water usage.

(15) Equipment for Prototype or

Reference Buildings, Subpart E, Section

518

In the proposed rule, subpart E

contains a building energy cost

compliance alternative wherein the

proposed design is compared to either a

prototype building if the design is one

of nine recognized building types, or a

reference building if the building design

is particularly unique. Subpart E,

§ 518.2, requires that a prototype or

reference building use either an electric

heat pump or natural gas for service

water heating, unless electric resistance

is preferable to the heat pump water

heater (HPWH), pursuant to the criteria

of section 404. One commenter pointed

out that section 404 contained no such

criteria and suggested that the final rule

should include criteria for determining

when electric resistance service water

heating is preferable to an HPWH.

(Vepco, No. 10; 3)

The Department agrees with the

commenter that section 404 does not list

the criteria that would allow the

designer to determine if it is preferable

to use electric resistance over the

HPWH.

Standard 90.1–1989, Section 11.5.5,

Additional Equipment Efficiency

Measures, requires the designer to

perform an economic analysis that

compares the potential benefits of using

one system type over the other. The

results of the comparison allow for the

determination of the more cost-effective

system. This latter provision was

omitted from the codified version of

Standard 90.1–1989 (Section 404).

Since, by statute, this rule uses Standard

90.1–1989 as the minimum baseline, the

Department has added the language

from Section 11.5.5 of Standard 90.1–

1989 into the final rule so that users

have the method to determine if it is

preferable to use electric resistance over

the HPWH.

(16) Determination of Energy Cost

Budget (ECB), Subpart E, Section 501

Under subpart E, a building is in

compliance with the rule if its annual

energy costs or Energy Cost Budget

(ECB) is equal to or less than what it

would have been if built under subpart

D. Subpart E compliance has two steps.

Step one determines the ECB, assuming

the equipment and energy types that

would produce either (a) the lowest

annual energy costs or (b) the lowest

lifecycle costs if the building were built

under subpart D. Fuel types are not

actually chosen in this step. In step two,

any desired building and equipment

‘‘trade-offs’’ are made, so long as the

overall ECB does not exceed the level

set in step one. These trade-offs can

include changes in equipment and fuel

type.

Subpart E is designed to ensure that

buildings built under this subpart do

not use more energy than would have

been allowed under subpart D. Because

different energy types are measured in

different units, a common unit of

measure is needed for ensuring that

trade-offs do not result in increased

energy usage. Subpart E uses energy

costs as its common measure of energy

usage.

Two commenters suggest that subpart

E be revised to reflect greater reliance on

building life cycle costs. (Vepco, No. 10;

1; EEI, No. 11; 2–3). One commenter

(Vepco) proposes allowing only the use

of life cycle costs, and not also annual

energy costs, in the step one

determination of the ECB. The other

commenter (EEI) proposes using life

cycle costs, rather than the ECB, as the

basis for determining compliance with

subpart E overall.

The Department agrees that life cycle

cost is an essential component in the

development and implementation of

building codes. Life cycle cost analysis

was used in the development of this

rule. Moreover, Executive Order 12902

requires the use of life cycle cost

analysis in making federal building

energy choices. Subpart E, drawn from

Standard 90.1–1989, explicitly provides

60008 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

for life cycle cost analysis in step one.

Life cycle cost analysis can and should

be used in making tradeoffs under step

two. Indeed, the primary purpose of

allowing trade-offs is to provide

opportunities to utilize more costeffective means of improving energy

efficiency.

Although life cycle cost analysis

could be the basis for determining the

ECB in step one, removal of the energy

cost approach would remove the most

stringent option found in subpart E of

Standard 90.1–1989. Therefore, life

cycle cost analysis cannot be the basis

for determining subpart E compliance

with the energy requirements of the rule

since this method does not ensure that

energy usage under this subpart would

not exceed that allowed in subpart D.

Based on these considerations, the

Department is retaining the energy cost

budget (ECB) components of this

subpart.

(17) Conversion Factors for Electricity,

Subpart F, Section 601, 602

As is the case with subpart E,

compliance with subpart F, the Building

Energy Compliance Alternative, is a

two-step process, although the

components of each step are somewhat

different. In step one of subpart F, life

cycle cost analysis is used to select the

energy sources and equipment types to

be used in the building. The Energy Use

Budget (EUB) is developed based on the

amount of energy these energy sources

and equipment types would require if

the building were built according to

subpart D requirements. In step two, any

desired trade-offs are made so long as (a)

the EUB is not exceeded and (b) the

energy types utilized are not changed.

The common unit of measure in making

EUB trade-offs is the British thermal

unit (Btu) content at the building site.

Two commenters suggested that the

conversion factors used in this subpart

take off-site energy losses into account

and recommended a factor of 11,600

Btus per kWh for electricity, rather than

the 3,412 Btu/kWh provided for in

Table 602.2. These commenters support

the source-based method as indicating

the total amount of energy consumed in

order to provide for the building’s

energy needs and to encourage

environmentally preferable building

choices. (AGA, No. 4; 1, 5; Columbia

Gas, No. 9; 2). One commenter

requested a study to determine the

environmental impacts of the section

602 conversion factors (AGA, No. 4; 1–

3).

The Department agrees that sourcebased conversion factors are generally

more accurate in reflecting energy

conservation potential. However, the

limited provision in step two utilizing

site-based conversion factors can have

little or no discernable impact on the

types of energy used since that choice

is already made in step one. The

conversion factor chosen can only have

a limited impact on trade-offs involving

interactions among subsystems

employing different energy sources. The

Subpart D equipment efficiency levels

are already set at federal minimum

standards. As a result, tradeoffs

generally cannot be made among

different types of equipment.

The Department recognizes that ‘‘site’’

fuel conversion factors are widely used

by architects, engineers, and builders in

heat flow and other calculations. Given

this standard approach, and the limited

potential impact of selecting site rather

than source energy as the basis for

conversion, the Department has retained

the conversion factors set forth in Table

602.2.

C. Other Changes

DOE has made other changes to the

proposed rule. It has added to § 434.201

the definition of building set forth in 42

U.S.C. 6832. This definition was

inadvertently omitted in the proposed

rule.

In addition, DOE has deleted section

101.2 and reworded section 101 to

clarify the extent to which additions

and renovations are covered by this rule

consistent with the statutory provisions

of section 305 of ECPA, as amended.

Non-substantive changes, such as the

renumbering of paragraphs,

typographical errors, and minor

language changes are not discussed.

III. Consultation

In developing today’s rule, the

Department consulted with outside

parties, including State and local code

officials, private sector representatives,

and other Federal agencies, as required

by section 305(a)(1) of ECPA.

IV. Energy Impacts

This rule applies only to the energy

efficiency of new construction for

Federal buildings, representing about 2

percent of all new commercial building

construction. New Federal construction

will constitute less than 1/2 of one

percent of the total commercial building

stock in 2010. Furthermore, this rule

applies only to that portion of building

energy use related to heating, cooling,

ventilation, water heating, and lighting,

or about 60% of the energy used in

commercial buildings, or roughly 0.3%

of expected commercial buildings

energy use in 2010.

This rule saves about 5% of energy

usage compared to Standard 90.1–1989

at the time EPACT was adopted. This

additional energy savings is consistent

with the legislative requirement that

energy savings in the rule be

‘‘technologically feasible and

economically justified.’’ In addition, it

reflects the requirement that DOE

consider, in consultation with the

Environmental Protection Agency and

other Federal agencies, measures

concerning indoor air pollutants and,

where appropriate, adopt such

measures. (Section 305(a)(2)(C).)

The additional 5% energy savings

derives from the inclusion of addenda c,

regarding motors, and the inclusion of

lighting specifications that are not

included in either Standard 90.1–1989

or any of its addenda. The Department

estimates that Addendum c, addressing

motor efficiency, provides 0.24 percent

reduction in building energy use. This

same reduction will be realized

nationwide as the electric motor

standards of section 342(b) of the EPCA,

as amended, take effect. Also, the

Department has determined that the

lighting standards contained in the final

rule will reduce total building energy

use by about 4.7 percent compared to

the statutory baseline. Finally, the

Department has determined that other

changes from the statutory baseline have

no discernible impact on energy use.

These other changes include ASHRAE

addenda g, i, and f, previously

discussed.

This rule retains the ventilation

requirements of Standard 90.1–1989

intended to ensure adequate indoor air

quality. The ventilation requirements

found in Standard 90.1–1989 are the

same as those found in ASHRAE

Standard 62–1989 and reflect current

industry practice. Ventilation

requirements increase building energy

use, both because energy is needed to

operate the ventilation fans and other

equipment, and because some

additional heating and air conditioning

is required for replacement air.

Although removing these requirements

could save energy in Federal buildings,

it would not be consistent with current

practices regarding protection of indoor

air quality, nor would it be consistent

with the legislative requirements in

section 305 of ECPA.

Even though the final rule is more

stringent that the statutory baseline, two

components of the final rule technically

increase allowed energy usage

compared to the interim rule.

First, several lighting provisions

found in the interim rule proved not to

be technologically feasible. Second, the

interim rule was never updated to

include the indoor air quality

ventilation requirements of ASHRAE

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60009

Standard 62–1989. As a result, these

aspects of the interim rule would not

have met the legislative requirements

for this final rule. Technically, these

two changes from the interim rule allow

about 10 to 15 percent more building

energy use, largely due to the change in

ventilation requirements. In practice,

however, these changes from the interim

rule are not likely to have a significant

effect on Federal building energy use.

The non-technologically feasible

lighting specifications found in the

interim rule have proven difficult or

impossible to implement. In addition,

most Federal buildings are already being

built to meet ASHRAE Standard 62–

1989 ventilation requirements .

The energy estimates reported here

are based on the minimum

specifications found in subpart D of the

final rule. Additional cost-effective

energy efficiency improvements in new

Federal commercial buildings are

facilitated by this rule through use of

Subparts E and F, the alternative paths

which provide a means of documenting

the energy savings and costeffectiveness of more energy efficient

building designs. Federal agencies may

choose to adopt building energy

requirements that exceed those

contained in this rule. The final rule is

specifically designed to operate in

conjunction with several existing

programs and policies which facilitate

additional energy savings in Federal

buildings. In essence, this rule provides

a ‘‘floor’’ or a minimum level of energy

savings for new Federal buildings.

Section 306(a) of Executive Order 12902

(59 FR 11463, March 8, 1994),

‘‘Executive Order on Energy Efficiency

and Water Conservation at Federal

Facilities,’’ specifically requires that,

‘‘Each agency involved in the

construction of a new facility * * *

shall: (1) Design and construct such

facility to minimize the life cycle cost of

the facility by utilizing energy

efficiency, water conservation, or solar

or other renewable energy

technologies.’’ It also requires agencies

to ‘‘ensure that the design and

construction of facilities meet or exceed

the energy performance standards

applicable to Federal residential or

commercial buildings as set forth in 10

CFR part 435, local building standards,

or a Btu-per-gross square-foot ceiling

* * * whichever will result in a lower

life cycle cost over the life of the

facilities.’’ Section 306(a)(2). Finally,

this Executive Order directs agencies to

purchase equipment for buildings that

are in the upper 25 percent of energy

efficiency for all similar products or at

least 10 percent more efficient than the

minimum level that meets Federal

standards if they are cost-effective and

to the extent practicable. Section

507(a)(2). Furthermore, 10 CFR part 436

allows agencies to determine when even

greater energy savings would be cost

effective. Programs within the

Department’s Office of Codes and

Standards (OCS) and the Federal Energy

Management Program (FEMP) provide

agencies with assistance in utilizing lifecycle cost analysis and in identifying

and procuring energy efficient shell and

equipment options for Federal

buildings.

V. Technological Feasibility and

Economic Justification

The standards issued today are

technologically feasible and cost

effective to the Federal Government as

required by section 305(a)(1) of ECPA.

Those provisions included in the

statutory baseline have been part of

recommended professional practice

since at least October 1992. Addenda

approved or issued by ASHRAE and

IESNA since EPACT was enacted

(Addenda 90.1c, f, g, and i addressing

motors, fenestration, metal framing in

the building envelope, and heating and

cooling equipment test procedures,

respectively) are addressed specifically

to explain their technological feasibility

and cost effectiveness.

Addendum 90.1c, regarding motors,

was developed in cooperation with the

National Electrical Manufacturers

Association (NEMA) and is based on its

standards. Motors covered by this

criteria are currently being actively

marketed by manufacturers and

regularly incorporated as cost effective

retrofit measures in utility demand side

management programs. See the

Technical Support Document, page 3.

Section 342(b) of EPCA, 42 U.S.C.

6313(b), specifies motor efficiency

requirements that are equivalent to

those in Addendum 90.1c. These

requirements became mandatory for

equipment manufactured after October

1997. Discussions with manufacturers

led the Department to believe that these

products will be cost effective for all

new Federal buildings at the time this

rule becomes effective.

Addendum 90.1f modifies the method

of calculating the thermal transmittance

of fenestration assemblies based on the

updated procedures given in the 1989

ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook for

determining fenestration thermal

performance. The Department believes

that use of the U-values specified in the

final rule based on Addendum 90.1f

would not change the types of windows

from those required to meet Standard

90.1–1989. See the Technical Support

Document, pages 10–11.

Addendum 90.1g expands Table

402.1.2.1b, Parallel Path Correction

Factors, Metal Framed Walls with Studs

16 Gauge or Lighter, to include a larger

variety of available types of metal studs,

spacing of framing members and cavity

insulation values which are being used

for exterior walls. This was done in light

of recent increased interest in metal

stud construction. The final rule only

permits the use of metal studs if the

exterior wall is properly insulated; it

does not require the use of this

technology. The Department believes

this technology will be used only in

cases where the builder finds it is cost

effective to do so. See, Technical

Support Document, pages 8–9.

Addendum 90.1i updates the test

procedures for heating and cooling

equipment. Their adoption by

equipment manufacturers demonstrates

their technological feasibility.

Furthermore, since these are established

test procedures used by industry, the

Department believes their inclusion in

the final rule will have no impact on

cost. In addition, there is an exception

provided for zone control of variable air

volume (VAV) systems. The Department

believes this will not increase energy

use beyond the statutory baseline since

addendum e, already allowed this

practice and was adopted prior to

October 24, 1992. See the Technical

Support Document, pages 12–14.

This rule adopts 32 lighting

specifications from the 1993 values in

the interim rule that proved to be both

technologically feasible and

economically justified. (See TSD). For

an additional 8 space types, the TSD

analysis indicated that UPD values

lower than the 1993 values would be

technologically feasible and

economically justified, and these have

been adopted as well. In 14 cases, the

TSD analysis justified values between

the 1989 and 1993 levels. Finally, in 25

of 79 space types for which there was

a difference between 1989 and 1993

values, the TSD analysis resulted in the

1989 UPD value being identified as the

most appropriate. In determining the

cost-effectiveness of the lighting

provisions, the TSD analysis reflects the

estimated cost of electricity to the

Federal Government.

VI. Measures Concerning Radon and

Other Indoor Air Pollutants

Section 305(a)(2)(C) of ECPA, requires

the Department to consider, where

appropriate, measures with regard to

radon and other indoor air pollutants.

The Department has consulted with the

Environmental Protection Agency and

60010 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

determined that there are no radon

standards applicable to the types of

buildings covered by this final rule.

Ventilation is the only change from

the interim rule that has an effect on

indoor air quality and thus, on

habitability. The final rule, through its

inclusion of Addendum 90.1e, adopts

the minimum ventilation rates specified

by ASHRAE Standard 62–1989, entitled

‘‘Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air

Quality,’’ effectively increasing

ventilation in new Federal buildings.

Improving building ventilation

conditions by adjustments to

mechanical systems is widely used as a

generic mitigation practice for indoor air

quality problems. It is widely assumed

that such adjustments increase

ventilation rates and as a consequence

decrease contaminant concentrations,

reduce dissatisfaction with air quality

and reduce symptom prevalence. A

range of experimental and

epidemiological studies have been

carried out to evaluate these

relationships. However, these study

results are in dispute. The Department

will continue to monitor this issue and

update the rule if there is sufficient

justification for a change.

VII. Procedural Determinations

A. Review Under Executive Order

13132, ‘‘Federalism’’

Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255,

August 10, 1999) requires agencies to

develop an accountable process to

ensure meaningful and timely input by

State and local officials in the

development of regulatory policies that

have ‘‘federalism implications.’’ Policies

that have federalism implications are

defined in the Executive Order to

include regulations that have

‘‘substantial direct effects on the States,

on the relationship between the national

government and the States, or on the

distribution of power and

responsibilities among the various

levels of government.’’ Under Executive

Order 13132, DOE may not issue a

regulation that has federalism

implications, that imposes substantial

direct costs, and that is not required by

statute, unless the Federal government

provides the funds necessary to pay the

direct compliance costs incurred by

State and local governments, or DOE

consults with State and local officials

early in the process of the developing

the proposed regulation. DOE also may

not issue a regulation that has

federalism implications and that

preempts State law unless it consults

with State and local officials early in the

process of developing the proposed

regulation.

DOE has examined today’s rule and

has determined that it does not have a

substantial direct effect on the States, on

the relationship between the national

government and the States, or on the

distribution of power and

responsibilities among the various

levels of government. No further action

is required by Executive Order 13132.

B. Review Under Executive Order 12988,

‘‘Civil Justice Reform’’

With respect to the review of existing

regulations and the promulgation of

new regulations, section 3(a) of

Executive Order 12988, ‘‘Civil Justice

Reform,’’ 61 FR 4729 (February 7, 1996),

imposes on executive agencies the

following requirements: (1) Eliminate

drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write

regulations to minimize litigation; and

(3) provide a clear legal standard for

affected conduct rather than a general

standard and promote simplification

and burden reduction. With regard to

the review required by section 3(a),

section 3(b) of the Executive Order

specifically requires that Executive

agencies make every reasonable effort to

ensure that the regulation: (1) Clearly

specifies the preemptive effect, if any;

(2) clearly specifies any effect on

existing Federal law or regulation; (3)

provides a clear legal standard for

affected conduct while promoting

simplification and reducing burdens; (4)

specifies the retroactive effect, if any; (5)

adequately defines key terms; and (6)

addresses other important issues

affecting clarity and general

draftsmanship under any guidelines

issued by the Attorney General. Section

3(c) of the Executive Order requires

Executive agencies to review regulations

in light of applicable standards in

section 3(a) and section 3(b) to

determine whether they are met or it is

unreasonable to meet one or more of

them. DOE reviewed today’s rule under

the standards of section 3 of the

Executive Order and determined that, to

the extent permitted by law, it meets the

requirements of those standards.

C. Review Under Executive Order 12866,

‘‘Regulatory Planning and Review’’

This regulatory action has been

determined to be a significant regulatory

action under Executive Order 12866,

‘‘Regulatory Planning and Review,’’ 58

FR 51735 (October 4, 1993).

Accordingly, the final rule was subject

to review under the Executive Order by

the Office of Information and Regulatory

Affairs (OIRA) and OIRA has completed

its review.

D. Review Under the Regulatory

Flexibility Act of 1980

The Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5

U.S.C. 601–612, requires that an agency

prepare an initial regulatory flexibility

analysis for any rule, for which a

general notice of proposed rulemaking

is required, that would have a

significant economic effect on small

entities. A final regulatory flexibility

analysis must be prepared and made

available when a final rule is published.

These requirements do not apply if the

agency ‘‘certifies that the rule will not,

if promulgated, have a significant

economic impact on a substantial

number of small entities.’’ (5 U.S.C.

605).

In the notice of proposed rulemaking,

DOE determined that this rule only

would impose requirements on the

Federal Government for the

construction of new Federal commercial

and multi-family high rise residential

buildings. The rule imposes no

requirements on the private sector.

Therefore, the Department certified that

the proposed rule would not, if

promulgated, have a significant

economic impact on a substantial

number of small entities. The

Department did not receive any

comments on the certification.

E. Review Under the National

Environmental Policy Act

The Department prepared an

Environmental Assessment (EA) of the

1989 interim standards for Federal

commercial and multi-family high rise

residential buildings. (Environmental

Assessment In Support of Proposed

Interim Energy Conservation Standards

for New Commercial and Multi-Family

High Rise Residential Buildings,

November 1986, DOE/CE–0166). The EA

concluded that the effect of the final

standards on a building’s habitability as

well as on the outdoor environment, the

economy and Federal institutions,

would be very small. Thus, the

environmental effects from the

standards for a minimum level of energy

efficiency for new Federal commercial

and multi-family high rise residential

buildings were determined not to be a

major Federal action significantly

affecting the quality of the human

environment, under the meaning of the

National Environmental Policy Act. A

Finding of No Significant Impact

(FONSI) was published with the

proposed rule in 52 FR 17052, 17064

(May 6, 1987) and referenced in the

interim rule in 54 FR 4551 (January 30,

1989).

The 1989 interim rule that established

building energy efficiency standards

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60011

was mandatory for Federal buildings

and voluntary for all others. Today’s

final rule addresses solely Federal

commercial construction, which

represents only 2 percent of total new

construction nationwide, and does not

include voluntary standards for nonFederal construction.

The final rule will change energy

consumption as compared to the interim

rule in the areas of lighting, motors, and

HVAC equipment. In conducting the

analysis that supports this final rule, the

Department found that final changes to

the lighting level requirements would

produce a 4.7 percent reduction in

building energy consumption compared

to the 1989 lighting criteria in the

interim rule. The final rule also is

expected to produce a 0.24 percent

reduction in building energy

consumption due to the increased

efficiency requirements of motors as

compared to the interim rule. The final

rule, however, could increase energy

use by 10–15 percent, because of the

additional ventilation requirements of

Addendum 90.1e, as compared to the

interim rule. The net result is an

approximate 5–10 percent increase in

total building energy use as compared to

the interim rule with the 1989 lighting

levels. Since Federal construction

represents only 2 percent of the total

new commercial and multi-family highrise residential construction nationally,

the increase in energy consumption (0.1

to 0.2 percent) nationally will be

negligible.

The Department believes that minimal

environmental impacts will result from

this final rule. Further, such effects fall

within the range of impacts that are

analyzed in the interim rule’s EA. These

effects are determined not to be

significant in the FONSI published in

1987. Accordingly, the Department

determines that after all the

environmental effects of the final rule

are considered, this final rule is

bounded by the analysis in the EA.

Therefore, the preparation of a new EA

or an environmental impact statement is

not required.

F. Paperwork Reduction Act Review

No new information or record keeping

requirements are imposed by this

rulemaking. Accordingly, no Office of

Management and Budget clearance is

required under the Paperwork

Reduction Act. 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.

G. Review Under the Unfunded

Mandates Reform Act of 1995

Title II of the Unfunded Mandates

Reform Act of 1995 (the Act), 2 U.S.C.

1531 et seq., requires each Federal

agency, to the extent permitted by law,

to prepare a written assessment of the

effects of any Federal mandate in a final

agency rule that may result in the

expenditure by State, local, and tribal

governments, in the aggregate, or by the

private sector, of $100 million or more

(adjusted annually for inflation) in any

one year.

The final rule establishes building

energy efficiency standards for new

Federal commercial and multi-family

high rise residential buildings pursuant

to section 305 of the ECPA, as amended.

42 U.S.C. 6834. It does not include any

Federal requirements that would result

in the expenditure of money by State,

local, and tribal governments. Therefore,

the requirements of the Act do not apply

to this rulemaking.

H. Review Under Section 32 of the

Federal Energy Administration Act of

1974

Pursuant to section 301 of the

Department of Energy Organization Act

(Pub. L. 95–91), the Department of

Energy is required to comply with

section 32 of the Federal Energy

Administration Act of 1974, 15 U.S.C.

788. The Department of Energy is

required by section 32 to notify the

public regarding the proposed use of

commercial standards in a rulemaking

and allow interested persons to make

known their views regarding the

appropriateness of the use of any

particular commercial standard in a

notice of proposed rulemaking.

The Department included an

invitation for public comment in the

notice of proposed rulemaking. Several

commenters, covering professional

organizations, manufacturers,

Government agencies, and utilities,

endorsed the appropriateness of the use

of the codified version of Standard

90.1–1989. No adverse comments were

received.

In addition, section 32(c) precludes

the Department from incorporating any

commercial standard into a rule unless

it has consulted with the Attorney

General and the Chairman of the Federal

Trade Commission (FTC) as to the

impact of such standard on competition.

Pursuant to section 32(c), the

Department advised these individuals of

its intention to incorporate portions of

the above-referenced standards into this

final rule. Neither recommended against

such incorporation.

I. ‘‘Takings’’ Assessment Review

The Department has determined

pursuant to Executive Order 12630,

‘‘Governmental Actions and Interference

with Constitutionally Protected Property

Rights,’’ 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988),

that this regulation would not result in

any takings which might require

compensation under the Fifth

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

J. Congressional Notification

Consistent with Subtitle E of the

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement

Fairness Act of 1996, 5 U.S.C. 801–808,

the Department will submit to Congress

a report regarding the issuance of

today’s final rule prior to the effective

date set forth at the outset of this notice.

The report will note the Office of

Management and Budget’s

determination that this rule does not

constitute a ‘‘major rule’’ under that Act.

5 U.S.C. 801, 804.

K. National Technology Transfer and

Advancement Act

The National Technology Transfer

and Advancement Act of 1995, section

12(d), Pub. L. 104–113, requires Federal

agencies to use technical standards that

are developed or adopted by voluntary

consensus standards bodies to carry out

their policy objectives or activities. If

use of such technical standards is

inconsistent with applicable law or

otherwise impractical, a Federal agency

may elect to use technical standards that

are not developed or adopted by

voluntary consensus standards if the

head of the agency transmits to the

Office of Management and Budget

(OMB) an explanation of the reasons for

using such standards. If an agency

issues or revises a regulation that

contains a technical standard, the

agency is required by OMB Circular A–

119 to provide certain information about

its choice of standard in the notices of

proposed and final rulemaking. 63 FR

8546, 8557 (February 19, 1998). In a

notice of final rulemaking, the agency

must state if it is using a voluntary

consensus standard and, if so, identify

the standard and any alternative

voluntary consensus standards that

were identified. If a Government-unique

standard is being used, the agency must

explain why using a voluntary

consensus standard would be

inconsistent with applicable law or

otherwise impractical.

This final rule closely parallels

Standard 90.1–1989 and subsequent

addenda to that voluntary consensus

standard. Section 305(a)(2)(A) of ECPA,

42 U.S.C. 6834(a)(2)(A), requires DOE to

establish commercial building standards

for new Federal buildings that contain

energy saving and renewable energy

specifications that meet or exceed those

in ASHRAE Standard 90.1–1989.

Consistent with the statute, DOE did not

consider alternative voluntary

standards.

60012 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

List of Subjects in 10 CFR Parts 434 and

435

Buildings, Energy conservation,

Engineers, Federal buildings and

facilities, Incorporation by reference.

Issued in Washington, D.C., on June 30,

2000.

Dan W. Reicher,

Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy.

For the reasons set forth in the

preamble, chapter II of title 10 of the

Code of Federal Regulations is amended

as set forth below:

PART 435—ENERGY CONSERVATION

VOLUNTARY PERFORMANCE

STANDARDS FOR NEW BUILDINGS;

MANDATORY FOR FEDERAL

BUILDINGS

1. The authority citation for Part 435

is revised to read as follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6831–6832; 6834–

6836; 42 U.S.C. 8253–54; 42 U.S.C. 7101 et

seq.

Subpart A [Removed and reserved]

2. Subpart A (§§ 435.97 through

435.112) of part 435 is removed and

reserved.

3. A new part 434 is added to chapter

II of title 10 to read as follows:

PART 434—ENERGY CODE FOR NEW

FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTIFAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL

BUILDINGS

Sec.

434.99 Explanation of numbering system

for codes.

Subpart A—Administration and

Enforcement—General

434.100 Purpose.

434.101 Scope.

434.102 Compliance.

434.103 Referenced standards (RS).

434.105 Materials and equipment.

Subpart B—Definitions

434.201 Definitions.

Subpart C—Design Conditions

434.301 Design criteria.

Subpart D—Building Design

Requirements—Electric Systems and

Equipment

434.401 Electrical power and lighting

systems.

434.402 Building envelope assemblies and

materials.

434.403 Building mechanical systems and

equipment.

434.404 Building service systems and

equipment.

Subpart E—Building Energy Cost

Compliance Alternative

434.501 General.

434.502 Determination of the annual energy

cost budget.

434.503 Prototype building procedure.

434.504 Use of the prototype building to

determine the energy cost budget.

434.505 Reference building method.

434.506 Use of the reference building to

determine the energy cost budget.

434.507 Calculation procedure and

simulation tool.

434.508 Determination of the design energy

consumption and design energy cost.

434.509 Compliance.

434.510 Standard calculation procedure.

434.511 Orientation and shape.

434.512 Internal loads.

434.513 Occupancy.

434.514 Lighting.

434.515 Receptacles.

434.516 Building exterior envelope.

434.517 HVAC systems and equipment.

434.518 Service water heating.

434.519 Controls.

434.520 Speculative buildings.

434.521 The simulation tool.

Subpart F—Building Energy Compliance

Alternative

434.601 General.

434.602 Determination of the annual energy

budget.

434.603 Determination of the design energy

use.

434.604 Compliance.

434.605 Standard calculation procedure.

434.606 Simulation tool.

434.607 Life cycle cost analysis criteria.

Subpart G—Reference Standards

434.701 General.

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6831–6832, 6834–

6836; 42 U.S.C. 8253–54; 42 U.S.C. 7101, et

seq.

§ 434.99 Explanation of numbering system

for codes.

(a) For purposes of this part, a

derivative of two different numbering

systems will be used.

(1) For the purpose of designating a

section, the system employed in the

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) will

be employed. The number ‘‘434’’ which

signifies part 434 in chapter II of Title

10, Code of Federal Regulations, is used

as a prefix for all section headings. The

suffix is a two or three digit section

number. For example the lighting

section of the standards is designated

§ 434.401.

(2) Within each section, a numbering

system common to many national

voluntary consensus standards is used.

A decimal system is used to denote

paragraphs and subparagraphs within a

section. For example, in § 434.401,

‘‘401.2.1’’ refers to subsection 401,

paragraph 2, subparagraph 1.

(b) The hybrid numbering system is

used for two purposes:

(1) The use of the Code of Federal

Regulations’ numbering system allows

the researcher using the CFR easy access

to the standards.

(2) The use of the second system

allows the builder, designer, architect or

engineer easy access because they are

familiar to this system numbering. This

system was chosen because of its

commonality among the building

industry.

Subpart A—Administration and

Enforcement—General

§ 434.100 Purpose.

The provisions of this part provide

minimum standards for energy

efficiency for the design of new Federal

commercial and multi-family high rise

residential buildings. The performance

standards are designed to achieve the

maximum practicable improvements in

energy efficiency and increases in the

use of non-depletable sources of energy.

This rule is based upon the ASHRAE/

IESNA Standard 90.1–1989 and

addenda b, c, d, e, f, g, and i. (This

document is available from the

American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle NE,

Atlanta, GA.) It is not incorporated by

reference in this document, but is

mentioned for informational purposes

only.

§ 434.101 Scope.

101.1 This part provides design

requirements for the building envelope,

electrical distribution systems and

equipment for electric power, lighting,

heating, ventilating, air conditioning,

service water heating and energy

management. It applies to new Federal

multi-family high rise residential

buildings and new Federal commercial

buildings.

101.1.1 (a) Except as provided by

section 101.2, the provisions of this part

apply if an agency is constructing:

(1) A building that has never been in

service;

(2) An addition that adds new space

with provision for a heating or cooling

system, or both, or for a hot water

system; or

(3) A substantial renovation of a

building, involving replacement of a

heating or cooling system, or both, or

hot water system, that is either in

service or has been in service.

101.2 The provisions of this part do

not apply to:

101.2.1 Buildings, or portions

thereof separated from the remainder of

the building, that have a peak energy

usage for space conditioning, service

water heating, and lighting of less than

3.5 Btu/(h•ft 2 of gross floor area.

101.2.2 Buildings of less than 100

square feet of gross floor area.

101.2.3 Heating, cooling, ventilating,

or service hot water requirements for

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60013

those spaces where processes occur for

purposes other than occupant comfort

and sanitation, and which impose

thermal loads in excess of 5% of the

loads that would otherwise be required

for occupant comfort and sanitation

without the process;

101.2.4 Envelope requirements for

those spaces where heating or cooling

requirements are excepted in subsection

101.2.3 of this section.

101.2.5 Lighting for tasks not listed

or encompassed by areas or activities

listed in Tables 401.3.2b, 401.3.2c and

401.3.2d.

101.2.6 Buildings that are composed

entirely of spaces listed in subsections

101.2.4 and 101.2.5.

101.2.7 Individual components of a

building under renovation, if the

building components are not in the

scope of a renovation as defined by the

agency.

§ 434.102 Compliance.

102.1 A covered building must be

designed and constructed consistent

with the provisions of subpart D of this

part.

102.2 Buildings designed and

constructed to meet the alternative

requirements of subparts E or F of this

part shall be deemed to satisfy the

requirements of this part. Such designs

shall be certified by a registered

architect or engineer stating that the

estimated energy cost or energy use for

the building as designed is no greater

than the energy cost or energy use of a

prototype building or reference building

as determined pursuant to subparts E or

F of this part.

§ 434.103 Referenced standards (RS).

103.1 The standards, technical

handbooks, papers and regulations

listed in § 434.701, shall be considered

part of this part to the prescribed extent

of such reference. Where differences

occur between the provisions of this

part and referenced standards, the

provisions of this part shall apply.

Whenever a reference is made in this

part to an RS standard it refers to the

standards listed in § 434.701.

§ 434.105 Materials and equipment.

105.1 Building materials and

equipment shall be identified in designs

in a manner that will allow for a

determination of their compliance with

the applicable provisions of this part.

Subpart B—Definitions

§ 434.201 Definitions.

For the purposes of this part, the

following terms, phrases, and words

shall be defined as provided:

Accessible (as applied to equipment):

admitting close approach; not guarded

by locked doors, elevations, or other

effective means. (See also ‘‘readily

accessible’’)

Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency

(AFUE): the ratio of annual output

energy to annual input energy that

includes any non-heating season pilot

input loss.

Area of the space (A): the horizontal

lighted area of a given space measured

from the inside of the perimeter walls or

partitions, at the height of the working

surface.

Automatic: self-acting, operating by

its own mechanism when actuated by

some impersonal influence, such as a

change in current strength, pressure,

temperature, or mechanical

configuration. (See also‘‘manual’’)

Automatic flue damper device: an

electrically operated device, in the flue

outlet or in the inlet of or upstream of

the draft hood of an individual

automatically operated gas-fired

appliance, which is designed to

automatically open the flue outlet

during appliance operation and to

automatically close off the flue outlet

when the appliance is in a standby

condition.

Automatic vent damper device: a

device intended for installation in the

venting system, in the outlet of or

downstream of the appliance draft hood,

of an individual automatically operated

gas-fired appliance, which is designed

to automatically open the venting

system when the appliance is in

operation and to automatically close off

the venting system when the appliance

is in a standby or shutdown condition.

(1) Electrically operated: an automatic

vent damper device that employs

electrical energy to control the device.

(2) Thermally actuated: an automatic

vent damper device dependent for

operation exclusively upon the direct

conversion of the thermal energy of the

vent gases into mechanical energy.

Boiler capacity: the rated heat output

of the boiler, in Btu/h, at the design

inlet and outlet conditions and rated

fuel or energy input.

Building: means any structure to be

constructed which includes provision

for a heating or cooling system, or both,

or for a hot water system.

Building code: means a legal

instrument which is in effect in a State

or unit of general purpose local

government, the provisions of which

must be adhered to if a building is to be

considered to be in conformance with

law and suitable for occupancy and use.

Building envelope: the elements of a

building that enclose conditioned

spaces through which thermal energy

may be transferred to or from the

exterior or to or from unconditioned

spaces.

Check metering: measurement

instrumentation for the supplementary

monitoring of energy consumption

(electric, gas, oil, etc) to isolate the

various categories of energy use to

permit conservation and control, in

addition to the revenue metering

furnished by the utility.

Coefficient of performance (COP)—

Cooling: the ratio of the rate of heat

removal to the rate of energy input, in

consistent units, for a complete cooling

system or factory assembled equipment,

as tested under a nationally recognized

standard or designated operating

conditions.

Coefficient of performance (COP) heat

pump—Heating: the ratio of the rate of

heat delivered to the rate of energy

input, in consistent units, for a complete

heat pump system under designated

operating conditions.

Commercial building: a building other

than a residential building, including

any building developed for industrial or

public purposes. Including but not

limited to occupancies for assembly,

business, education, institutions, food

sales and service, merchants, and

storage.

Conditioned floor area: the area of the

conditioned space measured at floor

level from the interior surfaces of the

walls.

Conditioned space: a cooled space,

heated space, or indirectly conditioned

space.

Cooled space: an enclosed space

within a building that is cooled by a

cooling system whose sensible capacity:

(1) Exceeds 5 Btu/(h•ft2); or

(2) Is capable of maintaining a space

dry bulb temperature of 90°F or less at

design cooling conditions.

Daylight sensing control (DS): a

device that automatically regulates the

power input to electric lighting near the

fenestration to maintain the desired

workplace illumination, thus taking

advantage of direct or indirect sunlight.

Daylighted space: the space bounded

by vertical planes rising from the

boundaries of the daylighted area on the

floor to the floor or roof above.

Daylighted zone:

(1) Under skylights: the area under

each skylight whose horizontal

dimension in each direction is equal to

the skylight dimension in that direction

plus either the floor-to-ceiling height or

the dimension to an opaque partition, or

one-half the distance to an adjacent

skylight or vertical glazing, whichever is

least.

(2) At vertical glazing: the area

adjacent to vertical glazing that receives

60014 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

daylighting from the glazing. For

purposes of this definition and unless

more detailed daylighting analysis is

provided, the daylighting zone depth is

assumed to extend into the space a

distance of 15 ft or to the nearest opaque

partition, whichever is less. The

daylighting zone width is assumed to be

the width of the window plus either 2

ft on each side, the distance to an

opaque partition, or one half the

distance to an adjacent skylight or

vertical glazing, whichever is least.

Dead band (dead zone): the range of

values within which an input variable

that can be varied without initiating any

noticeable change in the output

variable.

Degree-day, cooling: a unit, based

upon temperature difference and time,

used in estimating cooling energy

consumption. For any one day, when

the mean temperature is more than a

reference temperature, typically 65°F,

there are as many degree-days as

degrees Fahrenheit temperature

difference between the mean

temperature for the day and the

reference temperature. Annual cooling

degree-days (CDD) are the sum of the

degree-days over a calendar year.

Degree-day, heating: a unit, based

upon temperature difference and time,

used in estimating heating energy

consumption. For any one day, when

the mean temperature is less than a

reference temperature, typically 65°F,

there are as many degree-days as

degrees Fahrenheit temperature

difference between the mean

temperature for the day and the

reference temperature. Annual heating

degree days (HDD) are the sum of the

degree-days over a calendar year.

Dwelling unit: a single housekeeping

unit comprised of one or more rooms

providing complete independent living

facilities for one or more persons,

including permanent provisions for

living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and

sanitation.

Economizer, air: a ducting

arrangement and automatic control

system that allows a cooling supply fan

system to supply outdoor (outside) air to

reduce or eliminate the need for

mechanical refrigeration during mild or

cold weather.

Economizer, water: a system by which

the supply air of a cooling system is

cooled directly or indirectly or both by

evaporation of water or by other

appropriate fluid in order to reduce or

eliminate the need for mechanical

refrigeration.

Efficiency, HVAC system: the ratio of

the useful energy output, at the point of

use to the energy input in consistent

units, for a designated time period,

expressed in percent.

Emergency system (back-up system): a

system that exists for the purpose of

operating in the event of failure of a

primary system.

Emergency use: electrical and lighting

systems required to supply power

automatically for illumination and

equipment in the event of a failure of

the normal power supply.

Energy efficiency ratio (EER): the ratio

of net equipment cooling capacity in

Btu/h to total rate of electric input in

watts under designated operating

conditions. When consistent units are

used, this ratio becomes equal to COP.

(See also ‘‘coefficient of performance’’.)

Fan system energy demand: the sum

of the demand of all fans that are

required to operate at design conditions

to supply air from the heating or cooling

source to the conditioned space(s) and

return it back to the source or exhaust

it to the outdoors.

Federal Agency: means any

department, agency, corporation, or

other entity or instrumentality of the

executive branch of the Federal

Government, including the United

States Postal Service, the Federal

National Mortgage Association, and the

Federal Home Loan Mortgage

Corporation.

Federal Building: means any building

to be constructed by, or for the use of,

any Federal Agency which is not legally

subject to State or local building codes

or similar requirements.

Fenestration: any light-transmitting

section in a building wall or roof. The

fenestration includes glazing material

(which may be glass or plastic), framing

(mullions, muntins, and dividers),

external shading devices, internal

shading devices, and integral (between

glass) shading devices.

Fenestration area: the total area of

fenestration measured using the rough

opening and including the glass or

plastic, sash, and frame. For doors

where the glazed vision area is less than

50% of the door area, the fenestration

area is glazed vision area. For all other

doors, the fenestration area is the door

area.

Flue damper: a device, in the flue

outlet or in the inlet of or upstream of

the draft hood of an individual

automatically operated gas-fired

appliance, which is designed to

automatically open the flue outlet

during appliance operation and to

automatically close off the flue outlet

when the appliance is in a standby

condition.

Gross floor area: the sum of the floor

areas of the conditioned spaces within

the building, including basements,

mezzanine and intermediate-floor tiers,

and penthouses of headroom height 7.5

ft or greater. It is measured from the

exterior faces of exterior walls or from

the centerline of walls separating

buildings (excluding covered walkways,

open roofed-over areas, porches and

similar spaces, pipe trenches, exterior

terraces or steps, chimneys, roof

overhangs, and similar features).

Gross lighted area (GLA): the sum of

the total lighted areas of a building

measured from the inside of the

perimeter walls for each floor of the

building.

Heat capacity (HC): the amount of

heat necessary to raise the temperature

of a given mass 1°F. Numerically, the

mass expressed per unit of wall surface

multiplied by the specific heat Btu/

(ft2•°F).

Heat trap: device or piping

arrangement that effectively restricts the

natural tendency of hot water to rise in

vertical pipes during standby periods.

Examples are the U-shaped arrangement

of elbows or a 360-degree loop of tubing.

Heated space: an enclosed space

within a building that is heated by a

heating system whose output capacity

(1) Exceeds 10 Btu/(h•ft2), or

(2) Is capable of maintaining a space

dry-bulb temperature of 50°F or more at

design heating conditions.

Heating seasonal performance factor

(HSPF): the total heating output of a

heat pump during its normal annual

usage period for heating, in Btu, divided

by the total electric energy input during

the same period, in watt-hours.

High rise residential building: hotels,

motels, apartments, condominiums,

dormitories, barracks, and other

residential-type facilities that provide

complete housekeeping or transient

living quarters and are over three stories

in height above grade.

Humidistat: an automatic control

device responsive to changes in

humidity.

HVAC system: the equipment,

distribution network, and terminals that

provide either collectively or

individually the processes of heating,

ventilating, or air conditioning to a

building.

Indirectly conditioned space: an

enclosed space within the building that

is not a heated or cooled space, whose

area-weighted heat transfer coefficient

to heated or cooled spaces exceeds that

to the outdoors or to unconditioned

spaces; or through which air from

heated or cooled spaces is transferred at

a rate exceeding three air changes per

hour. (See also ‘‘heated space’’, ‘‘cooled

space’’, and ‘‘unconditioned space’’.)

Infiltration: the uncontrolled inward

air leakage through cracks and crevices

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60015

in any building element and around

windows and doors of a building.

Integrated part-load value (IPLV): a

single-number figure of merit based on

part-load EER or COP expressing partload efficiency for air-conditioning and

heat pump equipment on the basis of

weighted operation at various load

capacities for the equipment.

Lumen maintenance control: a device

that senses the illumination level and

causes an increase or decrease of

illuminance to maintain a preset

illumination level.

Manual: action requiring personal

intervention for its control. As applied

to an electric controller, manual control

does not necessarily imply a manual

controller but only that personal

intervention is necessary. (See

automatic.)

Marked rating: the design load

operating conditions of a device as

shown by the manufacturer on the

nameplate or otherwise marked on the

device.

Multi-family high rise residential: a

residential building containing three or

more dwelling units and is designed to

be 3 or more stories above grade.

Occupancy sensor: a device that

detects the presence or absence of

people within an area and causes any

combination of lighting, equipment, or

appliances to be adjusted accordingly.

Opaque areas: all exposed areas of a

building envelope that enclose

conditioned space except fenestration

areas and building service openings

such as vents and grilles.

Orientation: the directional placement

of a building on a building site with

reference to the building’s longest

horizontal axis or, if there is no longest

horizontal axis, then with reference to

the designated main entrance.

Outdoor air: air taken from the

exterior of the building that has not

been previously circulated through the

building. (See ‘‘ventilation air’’)

Ozone depletion factor: a relative

measure of the potency of chemicals in

depleting stratospheric ozone. The

ozone depletion factor potential

depends upon the chlorine and the

bromine content and atmospheric

lifetime of the chemical. The depletion

factor potential is normalized such that

the factor for CFC–11 is set equal to

unity and the factors for the other

chemicals indicate their potential

relative to CFC–11.

Packaged terminal air conditioner

(PTAC): a factory-selected wall sleeve

and separate unencased combination of

heating and cooling components,

assemblies, or sections (intended for

mounting through the wall to serve a

single room or zone). It includes heating

capability by hot water, steam, or

electricity.

Packaged terminal heat pump: a

PTAC capable of using the refrigeration

system in a reverse cycle or heat pump

mode to provide heat.

Plenum: an enclosure that is part of

the air-handling system and is

distinguished by having a very low air

velocity. A plenum often is formed in

part or in total by portions of the

building.

Private driveways, walkways, and

parking lots: exterior transit areas that

are associated with a commercial or

residential building and intended for

use solely by the employees or tenants

and not by the general public.

Process energy: energy consumed in

support of a manufacturing, industrial,

or commercial process other than the

maintenance of comfort and amenities

for the occupants of a building.

Process load: the calculated or

measured time-integrated load on a

building resulting from the

consumption or release of process

energy.

Programmable: capable of being

preset to certain conditions and having

self-initiation to change to those

conditions.

Projection factor: the exterior

horizontal shading projection depth

divided by the sum of the height of the

fenestration and the distance from the

top of the fenestration to the bottom of

the external shading projection in units

consistent with the projection depth.

Prototype building: a generic building

design of the same size and occupancy

type as the proposed design that

complies with the prescriptive

requirements of subpart D of this part

and has prescribed assumptions used to

generate the energy budget concerning

shape, orientation, and HVAC and other

system designs.

Public driveways, walkways, and

parking lots: exterior transit areas that

are intended for use by the general

public.

Public facility restroom: a restroom

used by the transient public.

Readily accessible: capable of being

reached quickly for operation, renewal,

or inspections without requiring those

to whom ready access is requisite to

climb over or remove obstacles or to

resort to portable ladders, chairs, etc.

(See also accessible.)

Recooling: lowering the temperature

of air that has been previously heated by

a heating system.

Reference building: a specific building

design that has the same form,

orientation, and basic systems as the

prospective design that is to be

evaluated for compliance and meets all

the criteria listed in subsection 501.2 or

subsection 601.2.

Reheating: raising the temperature of

air that has been previously cooled

either by refrigeration or an economizer

system.

Reset: adjustment of the controller

setpoint to a higher or lower value

automatically or manually.

Roof: those portions of the building

envelope, including all opaque surfaces,

fenestration, doors, and hatches, that are

above conditioned space and are

horizontal or tilted at less than 60° from

horizontal. (See also’’walls’’)

Room air conditioner: an encased

assembly designed as a unit to be

mounted in a window or through a wall

or as a console. It is designed primarily

to provide free delivery of conditioned

air to an enclosed space, room, or zone.

It includes a prime source of

refrigeration for cooling and

dehumidification and means for

circulating and cleaning air and may

also include means for ventilating and

heating.

Seasonal energy efficiency ratio

(SEER): the total cooling output of an air

conditioner during its normal annual

usage period for cooling, in Btu, divided

by the total electric energy input during

the same period, in watt-hours.

Service systems: all energy-using or

energy-distributing components in a

building that are operated to support the

occupant or process functions housed

therein (including HVAC, service water

heating, illumination, transportation,

cooking or food preparation, laundering,

or similar functions).

Service water heating: the supply of

hot water for purposes other than

comfort heating and process

requirements.

Shading coefficient (SC): the ratio of

solar heat gain through fenestration

under a specific set of conditions, with

or without integral shading devices, to

that occurring through unshaded 1⁄8-inthick clear double-strength glass under

the same conditions.

Shell Building: a building for which

the envelope is designed, constructed,

or both prior to knowing the occupancy

type. (See also ‘‘speculative building’’)

Single-Line Diagram: a simplified

schematic drawing that shows the

connection between two or more items.

Common multiple connections are

shown as one line.

Skylight: glazing that is horizontal or

tilted less than 60° from horizontal.

Solar energy source: natural

daylighting or thermal, chemical, or

electrical energy derived from direct

conversion of incident solar radiation at

the building site.

60016 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC):

the ratio of the solar heat gain entering

the space through the fenestration area

to the incident solar radiation. Solar

heat gain includes directly transmitted

solar heat and absorbed solar radiation,

which is then reradiated, conducted, or

convected into the space. (See

fenestration area)

Speculative building: a building for

which the envelope is designed,

constructed, or both prior to the design

of the lighting, HVAC systems, or both.

A speculative building differs from a

shell building in that the intended

occupancy is known for the speculative

building. (See also ‘‘shell building’’)

System: a combination of equipment

and/or controls, accessories,

interconnecting means, and terminal

elements by which energy is

transformed so as to perform a specific

function, such as HVAC, service water

heating, or illumination.

Tandem wiring: pairs of luminaries

operating with lamps in each luminaire

powered from a single ballast contained

in one of the luminaires.

Task lighting: lighting that provides

illumination for specific functions and

is directed to a specific surface or area.

Task location: an area of the space

where significant visual functions are

performed and where lighting is

required above and beyond that

required for general ambient use.

Terminal element: a device by which

the transformed energy from a system is

finally delivered. Examples include

registers, diffusers, lighting fixtures, and

faucets.

Thermal conductance (C): the

constant time rate of heat flow through

the unit area of a body induced by a unit

temperature difference between the

surfaces, expressed in Btu/(h•ft2•°F). It

is the reciprocal of thermal resistance.

(See ‘‘thermal resistance’’)

Thermal mass: materials with mass

heat capacity and surface area capable

of affecting building loads by storing

and releasing heat as the interior or

exterior temperature and radiant

conditions fluctuate. (See also ‘‘heat

capacity’’ and ‘‘wall heat capacity’’)

Thermal mass wall insulation

position:

(1) Exterior insulation position: a wall

having all or nearly all of its mass

exposed to the room air with the

insulation on the exterior of that mass.

(2) Integral insulation position: a wall

having mass exposed to both room and

outside (outside) air with substantially

equal amounts of mass on the inside

and outside of the insulation layer.

(3) Interior insulation position: a wall

not meeting either of the above

definitions, particularly a wall having

most of its mass external to an

insulation layer.

Thermal resistance (R): the reciprocal

of thermal conductance 1/C, l/H, 1/U;

expressed in (h•ft2.°F)/Btu.

Thermal transmittance (U): the

overall coefficient of heat transfer from

air to air. It is the time rate of heat flow

per unit area under steady conditions

from the fluid on the warm side of the

barrier to the fluid on the cold side, per

unit temperature difference between the

two fluids, expressed in Btu/(h•ft2.°F).

Thermal transmittance, overall (Uo):

the gross overall (area weighted average)

coefficient of heat transfer from air to air

for a gross area of the building envelope,

Btu/(h•ft2.°F). The Uo value applies to

the combined effect of the time rate of

heat flows through the various parallel

paths, such as windows, doors, and

opaque construction areas, composing

the gross area of one or more building

envelope components, such as walls,

floors, and roof or ceiling.

Thermostat: an automatic control

device responsive to temperature.

Unconditioned space: space within a

building that is not a conditioned space.

(See ‘‘conditioned space’’)

Unitary cooling equipment: one or

more factory-made assemblies that

normally include an evaporator or

cooling coil, a compressor, and a

condenser combination (and may also

include a heating function).

Unitary heat pump: one or more

factory-made assemblies that normally

include an indoor conditioning coil,

compressor(s), and outdoor coil or

refrigerant-to-water heater exchanger,

including means to provide both heating

and cooling functions.

Variable-air-volume (VAV) HVAC

system: HVAC systems that control the

dry-bulb temperature within a space by

varying the volume of heated or cooled

supply air to the space.

Vent damper: a device intended for

installation in the venting system, in the

outlet of or downstream of the appliance

draft hood, of an individual

automatically operating gas-fired

appliance, which is designed to

automatically open the venting system

when the appliance is in operation and

to automatically close off the venting

system when the appliance is in a

standby or shutdown condition.

Ventilation: the process of supplying

or removing air by natural or

mechanical means to or from any space.

Such air may or may not have been

conditioned.

Ventilation air: that portion of supply

air which comes from the outside, plus

any recirculated air, to maintain the

desired quality of air within a

designated space. (See also ‘‘outdoor

air’’)

Visible light transmittance: the

fraction of solar radiation in the visible

light spectrum that passes through the

fenestration (window, clerestory, or

skylight).

Walls: those portions of the building

envelope enclosing conditioned space,

including all opaque surfaces,

fenestration, and doors, which are

vertical or tilted at an angle of 60* from

horizontal or greater. (See also ‘‘roof’’)

Wall heat capacity: the sum of the

products of the mass of each individual

material in the wall per unit area of wall

surface times its individual specific

heat, expressed in Btu/(ft 2•°F). (See’’

thermal mass’’)

Window to wall ratio (WWR): the ratio

of the wall fenestration area to the gross

exterior wall area.

Zone: a space or group of spaces

within a building with any combination

of heating, cooling, or lighting

requirements sufficiently similar so that

desired conditions can be maintained

throughout by a single controlling

device.

Subpart C—Design Conditions

§ 434.301 Design criteria.

301.1 The following design

parameters shall be used for

calculations required under subpart D of

this part.

301.1.1 Exterior Design Conditions.

Exterior Design Conditions shall be

expressed in accordance with Table

301.1.

TABLE 301.1.—EXTERIOR DESIGN CONDITIONS

Winter Design Dry-Bulb (99%) ................................................................ ........................................................ Degrees F.

Summer Design Dry-Bulb (2.5%) ............................................................ ........................................................ Degrees F.

Mean Coincident Wet-Bulb (2.5%) .......................................................... ........................................................ Degrees F.

Degree-Days, Heating (Base 65) ............................................................ ........................................................ HDD Base 65° F.

Degree-Days, Cooling (Base 65) ............................................................ ........................................................ CDD Base 65°F.

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60017

TABLE 301.1.—EXTERIOR DESIGN CONDITIONS—Continued

Annual Operting Hours, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. when 55°F≤T≤69°F ............... ........................................................ Hours.

[The exterior design conditions shall be added to Table 301.1 from the city-specific Shading Coefficient table from Appendix A of RS–1 (incorporated by reference, see § 434.701). Copies of specific tables contained in Appendix A of RS–1 (incorporated by reference, see § 434.701). can

be obtained from the Energy Code for Federal Commercial Buildings, Docket No. EE–RM–79–112–C, EE–43, Office of Building Research and

Standards, U.S. Department of Energy, Room 1J–018, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585, (202) 586–9127. Adjustments

may be made to reflect local climates which differ from the tabulated temperatures or local weather experience as determined by the building official. Where local building site climatic data are not available, climate data from a nearby location included in RS–1, Appendix C, (incorporated

by reference, see § 434.701) and RS–4 Chapter 24, Table 1, (incorporated by reference, see § 434.701) shall be used as determined by the

building official.]

301.2 Indoor Design Conditions.

Indoor design temperature and

humidity conditions shall be in

accordance with the comfort criteria in

RS–2 (incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701), except that humidification

and dehumidification are not required.

Subpart D—Building Design

Requirements—Electric Systems and

Equipment

§ 434.401 Electrical power and lighting

systems.

Electrical power and lighting systems,

other than those systems or portions

thereof required for emergency use only,

shall meet these requirements.

401.1 Electrical Distribution

Systems.

401.1.1 Check Metering. Singletenant buildings with a service over 250

kVA and tenant spaces with a connected

load over 100 kVA in multiple-tenant

buildings shall have provisions for

check metering of electrical

consumption. The electrical power

feeders for which provision for check

metering is required shall be subdivided

as follows:

401.1.1.1 Lighting and receptacle

outlets

401.1.1.2 HVAC systems and

equipment

401.1.1.3 Service water heating

(SWH), elevators, and special occupant

equipment or systems of more than 20

kW.

401.1.1.4 Exception to 401.1.1.1

through 401.1.1.3: 10 percent or less of

the loads on a feeder may be from

another usage or category.

401.1.2 Tenant-shared HVAC and

service hot water systems in multiple

tenant buildings shall have provision to

be separately check metered.

401.1.3 Subdivided feeders shall

contain provisions for portable or

permanent check metering. The

minimum acceptable arrangement for

compliance shall provide a safe method

for access by qualified persons to the

enclosures through which feeder

conductors pass and provide sufficient

space to attach clamp-on or split core

current transformers. These enclosures

may be separate compartments or

combined spaces with electrical

cabinets serving another function.

Dedicated enclosures so furnished shall

be identified as to measuring function

available.

401.1.4 Electrical Schematic. The

person responsible for installing the

electrical distribution system shall

provide the Federal building manager a

single-line diagram of the record

drawing for the electrical distribution

system, which includes the location of

check metering access, schematic

diagrams of non-HVAC electrical

control systems, and electrical

equipment manufacturer’s operating

and maintenance literature.

401.2 Electric Motors. All

permanently wired polyphase motors of

1 hp or more shall meet these

requirements:

401.2.1 Efficiency. NEMA design A

& B squirrel-cage, foot-mounted, Tframe induction motors having

synchronous speeds of 3600, 1800,

1200, and 900 rpm, expected to operate

more than 1000 hours per year shall

have a nominal full-load efficiency no

less than that shown in Table 401.2.1 or

shall be classified as an ‘‘energy

efficient motor’’ in accordance with RS–

3 (incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701). The following are not

covered:

(a) Multispeed motors used in systems

designed to use more than one speed.

(b) Motors used as a component of the

equipment meeting the minimum

equipment efficiency requirements of

subsection 403, provided that the motor

input is included when determining the

equipment efficiency.

TABLE 401.2.1.—MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE NOMINAL FULL-LOAD EFFICIENCY FOR SINGLE-SPEED POLYPHASE SQUIRRELCAGE INDUCTION MOTORS HAVING SYNCHRONOUS SPEEDS OF 3600, 1800, 1200 AND 900 RPM 1

HP

2-Pole 4-Pole 6-Pole 8-Pole

Nominal

efficiency

Minimum

efficiency

Nominal

efficiency

Minimum

efficiency

Nominal

efficiency

Minimum

efficiency

Nominal

efficiency

Minimum

efficiency

Full-Load Efficiencies—Open Motors

1.0 .................................... .................... .................... 82.5 81.5 80.0 78.5 74.0 72.0

1.5 .................................... 82.5 81.5 84.0 82.5 84.0 82.5 75.5 74.0

2.0 .................................... 84.0 82.5 84.0 82.5 85.5 84.0 85.5 84.0

3.0 .................................... 84.0 82.5 86.5 85.5 86.5 85.5 86.5 85.5

5.0 .................................... 85.5 84.0 87.5 86.5 87.5 86.5 87.5 86.0

7.5 .................................... 87.5 86.5 88.5 87.5 88.5 87.5 88.5 87.5

10.0 .................................. 88.5 87.5 89.5 88.5 90.2 89.5 89.5 88.5

15.0 .................................. 89.5 88.5 91.0 90.2 90.2 89.5 89.5 88.5

20.0 .................................. 90.2 89.5 91.0 90.2 91.0 90.2 90.2 89.5

25.0 .................................. 91.0 90.2 91.7 91.0 91.7 91.0 90.2 89.5

30.0 .................................. 91.0 90.2 92.4 91.7 92.4 91.7 91.7 90.2

40.0 .................................. 91.7 91.0 93.0 92.4 93.0 92.4 91.0 90.2

50.0 .................................. 92.4 91.7 93.0 92.4 93.0 92.4 91.7 91.0

60.0 .................................. 93.0 92.4 93.6 93.0 93.6 93.0 92.4 91.7

75.0 .................................. 93.0 92.4 94.1 93.6 93.6 93.0 93.6 93.0

60018 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

TABLE 401.2.1.—MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE NOMINAL FULL-LOAD EFFICIENCY FOR SINGLE-SPEED POLYPHASE SQUIRRELCAGE INDUCTION MOTORS HAVING SYNCHRONOUS SPEEDS OF 3600, 1800, 1200 AND 900 RPM 1—Continued

HP

2-Pole 4-Pole 6-Pole 8-Pole

Nominal

efficiency

Minimum

efficiency

Nominal

efficiency

Minimum

efficiency

Nominal

efficiency

Minimum

efficiency

Nominal

efficiency

Minimum

efficiency

100.0 ................................ 93.0 92.4 94.1 93.6 94.1 93.6 93.6 93.0

125.0 ................................ 93.6 93.0 94.5 94.1 94.1 93.6 93.6 93.0

150.0 ................................ 93.6 93.0 95.0 94.5 94.5 94.1 93.6 93.0

200.0 ................................ 94.5 94.1 95.0 94.5 94.5 94.1 93.6 93.0

Full-Load Efficiencies—Enclosed Motors

1.0 .................................... 75.5 74.5 82.5 81.5 80.0 78.5 74.0 72.0

1.5 .................................... 82.5 81.5 84.0 82.5 85.5 84.0 77.0 75.5

2.0 .................................... 84.0 82.5 84.5 82.5 86.5 85.5 82.5 81.5

3.0 .................................... 85.5 84.0 87.5 86.5 87.5 86.5 84.0 82.5

5.0 .................................... 87.5 86.5 87.5 86.5 87.5 86.5 85.5 84.0

7.5 .................................... 88.5 87.5 89.5 88.5 89.5 88.5 85.5 84.0

10.0 .................................. 89.5 88.5 89.5 88.5 89.5 88.5 88.5 87.5

15.0 .................................. 90.2 89.5 91.0 90.2 90.2 89.5 88.5 87.5

20.0 .................................. 90.2 89.5 91.0 90.2 90.2 89.5 89.5 88.5

25.0 .................................. 91.0 90.2 92.4 91.7 91.7 91.0 89.5 88.5

30.0 .................................. 91.0 90.2 92.4 91.7 91.7 91.0 91.0 90.2

40.0 .................................. 91.7 91.0 93.0 92.4 93.0 92.4 91.0 90.2

50.0 .................................. 92.4 91.7 93.0 92.4 93.0 92.4 91.7 91.0

60.0 .................................. 93.0 92.4 93.6 93.0 93.6 93.0 91.7 91.0

75.0 .................................. 93.0 92.4 94.1 93.6 93.6 93.0 93.0 92.4

100.0 ................................ 93.6 93.0 94.5 94.1 94.1 93.6 93.0 92.4

125.0 ................................ 94.5 94.1 94.5 94.1 94.1 93.6 93.6 93.0

150.0 ................................ 94.5 94.1 95.0 94.5 94.5 94.1 94.1 93.0

200.0 ................................ 95.0 94.5 95.0 94.5 95.0 94.5 94.1 93.6

1For many applications, efficiencies greater than those listed are likely to be cost-effective. Guidance for evaluating the cost effectiveness of

energy efficient motor applications is given in RS–43 and RS–44 (incorporated by reference, see § 434.701).

401.3 Lighting Power Allowance.

The lighting system shall meet the

provisions of subsections 401.3.1

through 401.3.5.

401.3.1 Building Exteriors. The total

connected exterior lighting power for

the building, or a facility containing

multiple buildings, shall not exceed the

total exterior lighting power allowance,

which is the sum of the individual

allowances determined from Table

401.3.1. The individual allowances are

determined by multiplying the specific

area or length of each area description

times the allowance for that area.

Exceptions are as follows: Lighting for

outdoor manufacturing or processing

facilities, commercial greenhouses,

outdoor athletic facilities, public

monuments, designated high-risk

security areas, signs, retail storefronts,

exterior enclosed display windows, and

lighting specifically required by local

ordinances and regulations.

TABLE 401.3.1.—EXTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCE

Area description Allowance

Exit (with or without canopy) ..................................................................................... 25 W/lin ft of door opening.

Entrance (without canopy) ........................................................................................ 30 W/lin ft of door opening.

Entrance (with canopy):

High Traffic (retail, hotel, airport, theater, etc.) ................................................. 10 W/ft 2 of canopied area.

Light Traffic (hospital, office, school, etc.) ......................................................... 4 W/ft 2 of canopied area.

Loading area ............................................................................................................. 0.40 W/ft 2.

Loading door ............................................................................................................. 20 W/lin ft of door opening.

Building exterior surfaces/facades ............................................................................ 0.25 W/ft 2 of surface area to be illuminated.

Storage and non-manufacturing work areas ............................................................ 0.20 W/ft 2.

Other activity areas for casual use such as picnic grounds, gardens, parks, and

other landscaped areas.

0.10 W/ft 2.

Private driveways/walkways ...................................................................................... 0.10 W/ft 2.

Public driveways/walkways ....................................................................................... 0.15 W/ft 2.

Private parking lots ................................................................................................... 0.12 W/ft 2.

Public parking lots ..................................................................................................... 0.18 W/ft 2.

401.3.1.1 Trade-offs of exterior

lighting budgets among exterior areas

shall be allowed provided the total

connected lighting power of the exterior

area does not exceed the exterior

lighting power allowance. Trade-offs

between interior lighting power

allowances and exterior lighting power

allowances shall not be allowed.

401.3.2 Building interiors. The total

connected interior lighting power for a

building, including adjustments in

accordance with subsection 401.3.3,

shall not exceed the total interior

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60019

lighting power allowance explained in

this paragraph. Using Table 401.3.2a,

multiply the interior lighting power

allowance value by the gross lighted

area of the most appropriate building or

space activity. For multi-use buildings,

using Table 401.3.2a, select the interior

power allowance value for each activity

using the column for the gross lighted

area of the whole building and multiply

it by the associated gross area for that

activity. The interior lighting power

allowance is the sum of all the wattages

for each area/activity. Using Table

401.3.2b, c, or d, multiply the interior

lighting power allowance values of each

individual area/activity by the area of

the space and by the area factor from

Figure 401.3.2e, based on the most

appropriate area/activity provided. The

interior lighting power allowance is the

sum of the wattages for each individual

space. When over 20% of the building’s

tasks or interior areas are undefined, the

most appropriate value for that building

from Table 401.3.2a shall be used for the

undefined spaces. Exceptions are as

follows:

(a) Lighting power that is an essential

technical element for the function

performed in theatrical, stage,

broadcasting, and similar uses.

(b) Specialized medical, dental, and

research lighting.

(c) Display lighting for exhibits in

galleries, museums, and monuments.

(d) Lighting solely for indoor plant

growth (between the hours of 10:00 pm

and 6:00 am).

(e) Emergency lighting that is

automatically off during normal

building operation.

(f) High-risk security areas.

(g) Spaces specifically designed for

the primary use by the physically

impaired or aged.

(h) Lighting in dwelling units.

401.3.2.1 Trade-offs of the interior

lighting power budgets among interior

spaces shall be allowed provided the

total connected lighting power within

the building does not exceed the interior

lighting power allowance. Trade-offs

between interior lighting power

allowances and exterior lighting power

allowances shall not be allowed.

401.3.2.2 Building/Space Activities.

Definitions of buildings/space activity

as they apply to Table 401.3.2a are as

follows. These definitions are necessary

to characterize the activities for which

lighting is provided. They are applicable

only to Table 401.3.2a. They are not

intended to be used elsewhere in place

of building use group definitions

provided in the Building Code. They are

not included in § 434.201,

‘‘Definitions,’’ to avoid confusion with

‘‘Occupancy Type Categories.’’

(a) Food service, fast food, and

cafeteria: This group includes cafeterias,

hamburger and sandwich stores,

bakeries, ice cream parlors, cookie

stores, and all other kinds of retail food

service establishments in which

customers are generally served at a

counter and their direct selections are

paid for and taken to a table or carried

out.

(b) Garages: This category includes all

types of parking garages, except for

service or repair areas.

(c) Leisure dining and bar: This group

includes cafes, diners, bars, lounges,

and similar establishments where orders

are placed with a wait person.

(d) Mall concourse, multi-store

service: This group includes the interior

of multifunctional public spaces, such

as shopping center malls, airports, resort

concourses and malls, entertainment

facilities, and related types of buildings

or spaces.

(e) Offices: This group includes all

kinds of offices, including corporate and

professional offices, office/laboratories,

governmental offices, libraries, and

similar facilities, where paperwork

occurs.

(f) Retail: A retail store, including

departments for the sale of accessories,

clothing, dry goods, electronics, and

toys, and other types of establishments

that display objects for direct selection

and purchase by consumers. Direct

selection means literally removing an

item from display and carrying it to the

checkout or pick-up at a customer

service facility.

(g) Schools: This category, subdivided

by pre-school/elementary, junior high/

high school, and technical/vocational,

includes public and private educational

institutions, for children or adults, and

may also include community centers,

college and university buildings, and

business educational centers.

(h) Service establishment: A retail-like

facility, such as watch repair, real estate

offices, auto and tire service facilities,

parts departments, travel agencies and

similar facilities, in which the customer

obtains services rather than the direct

selection of goods.

(i) Warehouse and storage: This

includes all types of support facilities,

such as warehouses, barns, storage

buildings, shipping/receiving buildings,

boiler or mechanical buildings, electric

power buildings, and similar buildings

where the primary visual task is large

items.

401.3.2—Tables and Figures

TABLE 401.3.2A.—INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCE W/FT 2

Building space activity 1

Gross lighted area of total building

0 to 2,000 ft 2 2,001 to

10,000 ft 2

10,001 to

25,000 ft 2

25,001 to

50,000 ft 2

50,001 to

250,000 ft 2 250,000 ft 2

Food Service:

Fast Food/Cafeteria .......................... 1.50 1.38 1.34 1.32 1.31 1.30

Leisure Dining/Bar ............................ 2.20 1.91 1.71 1.56 1.46 1.40

Offices ...................................................... 1.90 1.81 1.72 1.65 1.57 1.50

Retail 3 ...................................................... 3.30 3.08 2.83 2.50 2.28 2.10

Mall Concourse Multi-store Service ......... 1.60 1.58 1.52 1.46 1.43 1.40

Service Establishment ............................. 2.70 2.37 2.08 1.92 1.80 1.70

Garages ................................................... 0.30 0.28 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.20

Schools:

Preschool/Elementary ....................... 1.80 1.80 1.72 1.65 1.57 1.50

Jr. High/High School ......................... 1.90 1.90 1.88 1.83 1.76 1.70

Technical/Vocational ......................... 2.40 2.33 2.17 2.01 1.84 1.70

Warehouse/Storage ................................. 0.80 0.66 0.56 0.48 0.43 0.40

1 If at least 10% of the building area is intended for multiple space activities, such as parking, retail, and storage in an office building, then calculate for each separate building type/space activity. 2The values in the categories are building wide allowances which include the listed activity and directly related facilities such as conference

rooms, lobbies, corridors, restrooms, etc. 3 Includes general, merchandising, and display lighting.

60020 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

TABLE 401.3.2B.—UNIT INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCE

Common area/activity 1 UPD W/ft 2

Auditorium 2 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1.4

Corridor 3 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.8

Classroom/Lecture Hall ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2.0

Electrical/Mechanical Equipment Room:

General 3 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.7

Control Rooms 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1.5

Food Service:

Fast Food/Cafeteria .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1.3

Leisure Dining 4 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.4

Bar/Lounge 4 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.5

Kitchen .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1.4

Recreation/Lounge ................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.7

Stair:

Active Traffic ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.6

Emergency Exit ................................................................................................................................................................................ 0.4

Toilet & Washroom .................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.8

Garage:

Auto & Pedestrian Circulation Area ................................................................................................................................................. 0.3

Parking Area ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.2

Laboratory ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2.2

Library:

Audio Visual ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.1

Stack Area ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.1

Card File & Cataloging ..................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

Reading Area .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.1

Lobby (General):

Reception & Waiting ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Elevator Lobbies ............................................................................................................................................................................... 0.4

Atrium (Multi-Story):

First 3 Floors .................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.7

Each Additional Floor ....................................................................................................................................................................... 0.2

Locker Room & Shower .......................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

Office Category 1

Enclosed offices, all open plan offices w/o partitions or w/partitions 6 lower than 4.5 ft below the ceiling. 5

Reading, Typing and Filing .............................................................................................................................................................. 1.5

Drafting ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1.9

Accounting ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.6

Office Category 2:

Open plan offices 900 ft 2 or larger w/partitions

1 3.5 to 4.5 ft below the ceiling..

Offices less than 900 ft2 shall use category 1 3

Reading, Typing and Filing .............................................................................................................................................................. 1.5

Drafting ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2.0

Accounting ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.8

Office Category 3:

Open plan offices 900 ft 2 or larger w/partitions 6 higher than 3.5 ft below the ceiling.

Offices less than 900 ft /2 shall use category 1. 3

Reading, Typing and Filing .............................................................................................................................................................. 1.7

Drafting ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2.3

Accounting ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.9

Common Activity Areas

Conference/Meeting Room 2 ............................................................................................................................................................ 1.3

Computer/Office Equipment .................................................................................................................................................................... 1.1

Filing, Inactive ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Mail Room ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.8

Shop (Non-Industrial):

Machinery ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.5

Electrical/Electronic .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2.5

Painting ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1.6

Carpentry .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.3

Welding ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1.2

Storage and Warehouse;

Inactive Storage ................................................................................................................................................................................ 0.2

Active Storage, Bulky ....................................................................................................................................................................... 0.3

Active Storage, Fine ......................................................................................................................................................................... 0.9

Material Handling .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1.0

Unlisted Space ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.2

1 Use a weighted average UPD in rooms with multiple simultaneous activities, weighted in proportion to the area served.

2A 1.5 power adjustment factor is applicable for multi-function spaces when a supplementary system having independent controls is installed

that has installed power ≤ 33% of the adjusted lighting power for that space. 3Area factor of 1.0 shall be used for these spaced.

4 UPD includes lighting power required for clean-up purposes.

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60021

5Area factor shall not exceed 1.55.

6 Not less than 90 percent of all work stations shall be individually enclosed with partitions of at least the height described.

TABLE 401.3.2C.—UNIT INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCE

Specific building area/activity 1 UPD W/ft 2

Airport, Bus and Rail Station:

Baggage Area ................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

Concourse/Main Thruway ................................................................................................................................................................. 0.9

Ticket Counter .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2.0

Waiting & Lounge Area .................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

Bank:

Customer Area ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1.0

Banking Activity Area ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2.2

Barber & Beauty Parlor ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1.6

Church, Synagogue, Chapel:

Worship/Congregational ................................................................................................................................................................... 1.7

Preaching & Sermon/Choir ............................................................................................................................................................... 1.8

Dormitory:

Bedroom ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Bedroom w/Study ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1.3

Study Hall ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.2

Fire & Police Department:

Fire Engine Room ............................................................................................................................................................................ 0.7

Jail Cell ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.8

Hospital/Nursing Home:

Corridor 3 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.3

Dental Suite/Examination/Treatment ................................................................................................................................................ 1.6

Emergency ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2.0

Laboratory ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.7

Lounge/Waiting Room ...................................................................................................................................................................... 0.9

Medical Supplies .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2.4

Nursery ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1.6

Nurse Station .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.8

Occupational Therapy/Physical Therapy .......................................................................................................................................... 1.4

Patient Room .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.2

Pharmacy .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.5

Radiology .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.8

Surgical & Obstetrics Suites:

General Area .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.8

Operating Room ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6.0

Recovery ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.0

Hotel/Conference Center:

Banquet Room/Multipurpose 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 1.7

Bathroom/Powder Room .................................................................................................................................................................. 1.2

Guest Room ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.9

Public Area ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Exhibition Hall ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.8

Conference/Meeting 2 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1.5

Lobby ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.5

Reception Desk ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2.4

Laundry:

Washing ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 0.9

Ironing & Sorting ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1.3

Museum & Gallery:

General Exhibition ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1.9

Inspection/Restoration ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3.0

Storage (Artifacts):

Inactive ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.6

Active ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 0.7

Post Office:

Lobby ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.1

Sorting & Mailing .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2.1

Service Station/Auto Repair .................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

Theater:

Performance Arts .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1.3

Motion Picture ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Lobby ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.3

Retail Establishments—Merchandising & Circulation Area (Applicable to all lighting, including accent and display lighting, installed

in merchandising and circulation areas):

Type 1: Jewelry merchandising, where minute examination of displayed merchandise is critical. ................................................ 5.6

Type 2: Fine merchandising, such as fine apparel and accessories, china, crystal, and silver art galleries and where the detailed display and examination of merchandising is important. .................................................................................................... 2.9

Type 3: Mass merchandising, such as general apparel, variety goods, stationary, books, sporting goods, hobby materials,

cameras, gifts, and luggage, displayed in a warehouse type of building, where focused display and detailed examination of

merchandise is important. ............................................................................................................................................................. 2.7

60022 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

TABLE 401.3.2C.—UNIT INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCE—Continued

Specific building area/activity 1 UPD W/ft 2

Type 4: General merchandising, such as general apparel, variety goods, stationary, books, sporting goods, hobby materials,

cameras, gifts, and luggage, displayed in a department store type of building, where general display and examination of

merchandise is adequate. ............................................................................................................................................................. 2.3

Type 5: Food and miscellaneous such as bakeries, hardware and housewares, grocery stores, appliance and furniture stores,

where pleasant appearance is important. .................................................................................................................................... 2.4

Type 6: Service establishments, where functional performance is important. ................................................................................ 2.6

Mall Concourse ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.4

Retail Support Areas ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2.1

Tailoring ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.1

Dressing/Fitting Rooms .................................................................................................................................................................... ....................

1 Use a weighted average UPD in rooms with multiple simultaneous activities, weighted in proportion to the area served.

2A 1.5 power adjustment factor is applicable for multi-function spaces when a supplementary system having independent controls is installed

that has installed power ≤ 33% of the adjusted lighting power for that space. 3Area factor shall not exceed 1.55.

TABLE 401.3.2D.—UNIT INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCE

Indoor athletic area/activity1 2 UPD W/ft 2

Seating Area, All Sports .......................................................................................................................................................................... 0.4

Badminton:

Club .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.5

Tournament ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

Basketball/Volleyball:

Intramural .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

College .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1.3

Professional ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.9

Bowling:

Approach Area .................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.5

Lanes ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.1

Boxing or Wrestling (platform):

Amateur ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2.4

Professional ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4.8

Gymnasium:

General Exercising and Recreation Only ......................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Handball/Racquetball/Squash:

Club .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1.3

Tournament ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.6

Hockey, Ice:

Amateur ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.3

College or Professional .................................................................................................................................................................... 2.6

Skating Rink:

Recreational ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.6

Exhibition/Professional ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2.6

Swimming:

Recreational ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.9

Exhibition .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.5

Underwater ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Tennis:

Recreational (Class III) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1.3

Club/College (Class II) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1.9

Professional (Class I) ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2.6

Tennis, Table:

Club .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1.0

Tournament ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.6

1Area factor of 1.0 shall be used for these spaces.

2 Consider as 10 ft. beyond playing boundaries but less than or equal to the total floor area of the sports space minus spectator seating area.

Figure 401.3.2e—Area Factor Formula

where n

Ar

= 10.21 CH ( ) − − 2 51 .

Area Factor Formula:

Area Factor (AF) = 0.2 + 0.8(1/0.9n)

Where:

AF = area factor,

CH = ceiling height (ft),

Ar = space area (ft2).

If AF <1.0 use 1.0; if AF >1.8 use 1.8

401.3.3 Lighting Power Control

Credits. The interior connected lighting

power determined in accordance with

§ 434.401.3.2 can be decreased for

luminaries that are automatically

controlled for occupancy, daylight,

lumen maintenance, or programmable

timing. The adjusted interior connected

lighting power shall be determined by

subtracting the sum of all lighting power

control credits from the interior

connected lighting power. Using Table

401.3.3, the lighting power control

credit equals the power adjustment

factor times the connected lighting

power of the controlled lighting. The

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60023

lighting power adjustment shall be

applied with the following limitations:

(a) It is limited to the specific area

controlled by the automatic control

device.

(b) Only one lighting power

adjustment may be used for each

building space or luminaire, and 50

percent or more of the controlled

luminaire shall be within the applicable

space.

(c) Controls shall be installed in series

with the lights and in series with all

manual switching devices.

(d) When sufficient daylight is

available, daylight sensing controls shall

be capable of reducing electrical power

consumption for lighting (continuously

or in steps) to 50 percent or less of

maximum power consumption.

(e) Daylight sensing controls shall

control all luminaires to which the

adjustment is applied and that direct a

minimum of 50 percent of their light

output into the daylight zone.

(f) Programmable timing controls shall

be able to program different schedules

for occupied and unoccupied days, be

readily accessible for temporary

override with automatic return to the

original schedule, and keep time during

power outages for at least four hours.

TABLE 401.3.3.—LIGHTING POWER ADJUSTMENT FACTORS

Automatic control devices PAF

(1) Daylight Sensing controls (DS), continuous dimming ....................................................................................................................... 0.30

(2) DS, multiple step dimming ................................................................................................................................................................. 0.20

(3) DS, ON/OFF ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.10

(4) DS continuous dimming and programmable timing ........................................................................................................................... 0.35

(5) DS multiple step dimming and programmable timing ........................................................................................................................ 0.25

(6) DS ON/OFF and programmable timing ............................................................................................................................................. 0.15

(7) DS continuous dimming, programmable timing, and lumen maintenance ........................................................................................ 0.40

(8) DS multiple step dimming, programmable timing, and lumen maintenance ..................................................................................... 0.30

(9) DS ON/OFF, programmable timing, and lumen maintenance .......................................................................................................... 0.20

(10) Lumen maintenance control ............................................................................................................................................................. 0.10

(11) Lumen maintenance and programmable timing control .................................................................................................................. 0.15

(12) Programmable timing control ........................................................................................................................................................... 0.15

(13) Occupancy sensor (OS) ................................................................................................................................................................... 0.30

(14) OS and DS, continuous dimming .................................................................................................................................................... 0.40

(15) OS and DS, multiple-step dimming ................................................................................................................................................. 0.35

(16) OS and DS, ON/OFF ....................................................................................................................................................................... 0.35

(17) OS, DS continuous dimming, and lumen maintenance ................................................................................................................... 0.45

(18) OS, DS multiple-step dimming and lumen maintenance ................................................................................................................. 0.40

(19) OS, DS ON/OFF, and lumen maintenance ..................................................................................................................................... 0.35

(20) OS and lumen maintenance ............................................................................................................................................................ 0.35

(21) OS and programmable timing control .............................................................................................................................................. 0.35

401.3.4 Lighting controls.

401.3.4.1 Type of Lighting Controls.

All lighting systems shall have controls,

with the exception of emergency use or

exit lighting.

401.3.4.2 Number of Manual

Controls. Spaces enclosed by walls or

ceiling-high partitions shall have a

minimum of one manual control (on/off

switch) for lighting in that space.

Additional manual controls shall be

provided for each task location or for

each group of task locations within an

area of 450 ft2 or less. For spaces with

only one lighting fixture or with a single

ballast, one manual control is required.

Exceptions are as follows:

401.3.4.2.1 Continuous lighting for

security;

401.3.4.2.2 Systems in which

occupancy sensors, local programmable

timers, or three-level (including OFF)

step controls or preset dimming controls

are substituted for manual controls at

the rate of one for every two required

manual controls, providing at least one

control is installed for every 1500 watts

of power.

401.3.4.2.3 Systems in which fourlevel (including OFF) step controls or

preset dimming controls or automatic or

continuous dimming controls are

substituted for manual controls at a rate

of one for every three required manual

controls, providing at least one control

is installed for every 1500 watts of

power.

401.3.4.2.4 Spaces that must be used

as a whole, such as public lobbies, retail

stores, warehouses, and storerooms.

401.3.4.3 Multiple Location

Controls. Manual controls that operate

the same load from multiple locations

must be counted as one manual control.

401.3.4.4 Control Accessibility.

Lighting controls shall be readily

accessible from within the space

controlled. Exceptions are as follows:

Controls for spaces that are to be used

as a whole, automatic controls,

programmable controls, controls

requiring trained operators, and controls

for safety hazards and security.

401.3.4.5 Hotel and Motel Guest

Room Control. Hotel and motel guest

rooms and suites shall have at least one

master switch at the main entry door

that controls all permanently wired

lighting fixtures and switched

receptacles excluding bathrooms. The

following exception applies: Where

switches are provided at the entry to

each room of a multiple-room suite.

401.3.4.6 Switching of Exterior

Lighting. Exterior lighting not intended

for 24-hour use shall be automatically

switched by either timer or photocell or

a combination of timer and photocell.

When used, timers shall be capable of

seven-day and seasonal daylight

schedule adjustment and have power

backup for at least four hours.

401.3.5 Ballasts.

401.3.5.1 Tandem Wiring. One-lamp

or three-lamp fluorescent luminaries

that are recess mounted within 10 ft

center-to-center of each other, or

pendant mounted, or surface mounted

within 1 ft of each other, and within the

same room, shall be tandem wired,

unless three-lamp ballasts are used.

401.3.5.2 Power Factor. All ballasts

shall have a power factor of at least

90%, with the exception of dimming

ballasts, and ballasts for circline and

compact fluorescent lamps and low

wattage high intensity discharge (HID)

lamps not over 100 W.

434.402 Building envelope assemblies and

materials.

The building envelope and its

associated assemblies and materials

shall meet the provisions of this section.

60024 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

402.1 Calculations and Supporting

Information.

402.1.1 Material Properties.

Information on thermal properties,

building envelope system performance,

and component heat transfer shall be

obtained from RS–4. When the

information is not available from RS–4,

(incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701) the data shall be obtained

from manufacturer’s information or

laboratory or field test measurements

using RS–5, RS–6, RS–7, or RS–8

(incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701).

402.1.1.1 The shading coefficient

(SC) for fenestration shall be obtained

from RS–4 (incorporated by reference,

see § 434.701) or from manufacturer’s

test data. The shading coefficient of the

fenestration, including both internal and

external shading devices, is SCX and

excludes the effect of external shading

projections, which are calculated

separately. The shading coefficient used

for louvered shade screens shall be

determined using a profile angle of 30

degrees as found in Table 41, Chapter 27

of RS–4 (incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701).

402.1.2 Thermal Performance

Calculations. The overall thermal

transmittance of the building envelope

shall be calculated in accordance with

Equation 402.1.2:

U UA A UA U A U A A o ii o nn o = = + ++ ∑ / ... / ( .. ) ( ) 11 2 2 402 1 2

Where:

Uo = the area-weighted average thermal

transmittance of the gross area of

the building envelope; i.e., the

exterior wall assembly including

fenestration and doors, the roof and

ceiling assembly, and the floor

assembly, Btu/(h•ft2•°F)

Ao =the gross area of the building

envelope, ft2

Ui =the thermal transmittance of each

individual path of the building

envelope, i.e., the opaque portion or

the fenestration, Btu/(h•ft2•°F)

Ui =1/Ri (where Ri is the total resistance

to heat flow of an individual path

through the building envelope)

Ai =the area of each individual element

of the building envelope, ft2

The thermal transmittance of each

component of the building envelope

shall be determined with due

consideration of all major series and

parallel heat flow paths through the

elements of the component and film

coefficients and shall account for any

compression of insulation. The thermal

transmittance of opaque elements of

assemblies shall be determined using a

series path procedure with corrections

for the presence of parallel paths within

an element of the envelope assembly

(such as wall cavities with parallel

paths through insulation and studs).

The thermal performance of adjacent

ground in below-grade applications

shall be excluded from all thermal

calculations.

402.1.2.1 Envelope Assemblies

Containing Metal Framing. The thermal

transmittance of the envelope assembly

containing metal framing shall be

determined from one of three methods:

(a) Laboratory or field test

measurements based on RS–5, RS–6,

RS–7, or RS–8 (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701).

(b) The zone method described in

Chapter 22 of RS–4 (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701) and the

formulas on page 22.10.

(c) For metal roof trusses or metal

studs covered by Tables 402.1.2.1a and

b, the total resistance of the series path

shall be calculated in accordance with

the following Equations:

U R

R RR

i t

t ie

=

= +

1/ Equation 402.1.2.1a

Where:

Rt=the total resistance of the envelope

assembly

Ri=the resistance of the series elements

(for i = 1 to n) excluding the parallel

path element(s)

Re=the equivalent resistance of the

element containing the parallel path

(R-value of insulation × Fc). Values

for Fc and equivalent resistances

shall be taken from Tables

402.1.2.1a or b.

TABLE 402.1.2.1A.—PARALLEL PATH

CORRECTION FACTORS—METAL

ROOF TRUSSES SPACED 4 FT. O.C.

OR GREATER THAT PENETRATE THE

INSULATION

Effective framing cavity RvaluesCorrection

factor

Fc

Equivalent

resistance

Re 1

R–0 ............... 1.00 R–0

R–5 ............... 0.96 R–4.8

R–10 ............. 0.92 R–9.2

R–15 ............. 0.88 R–13.2

R–20 ............. 0.85 R–17.0

R–25 ............. 0.81 R–20.3

R–30 ............. 0.79 R–23.7

R–35 ............. 0.76 R–26.6

R–40 ............. 0.73 R–29.2

R–45 ............. 0.71 R–32.0

R–50 ............. 0.69 R–34.5

R–55 ............. 0.67 R–36.0

1Based on 0.66-inch-diameter cross members every one foot.

TABLE 402.1.2.1B.—PARALLEL PATH CORRECTION FACTORS—METAL FRAMED WALLS WITH STUDS 16 GA. OR LIGHTER

Size of members Spacing of

framing, in.

Cavity

insulation

R-Value

Correction

factor

Fc

Equivalent

resistance

Re

2 × 4 ............................................................................................................................. 16 O.C. R–11

R–13

R–15

0.50

0.46

0.43

R–5.5

R–6.0

R–6.4

2 × 4 ............................................................................................................................. 24 O.C. R–11

R–13

R–15

0.60

0.55

0.52

R–6.6

R–7.2

R–7.8

2 × 6 ............................................................................................................................. 16 O.C. R–19

R–21

0.37

0.35

R–7.1

R–7.4

2 × 6 ............................................................................................................................. 24 O.C. R–19

R–21

0.45

0.43

R–8.6

R–9.0

2 × 8 ............................................................................................................................. 16 O.C. R–25 0.31 R–7.8

2 × 8 ............................................................................................................................. 24 O.C. R–25 0.38 R–9.6

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60025

402.1.2.2 Envelope Assemblies

Containing Nonmetal Framing. The

thermal transmittance of the envelope

assembly shall be determined from

laboratory or field test measurements

based on RS–5, RS–6, RS–7, or RS–8

(incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701) or from the series-parallel

(isothermal planes) method provided in

page 23.2 of Chapter 23 of RS–4

(incorporated be reference, see

§ 434.701).

402.1.2.3 Metal Buildings. For

elements with internal metallic

structures bonded on one or both sides

to a metal skin or covering, the

calculation procedure specified in RS–

9 (incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701) shall be used.

402.1.2.4 Fenestration Assemblies.

Determine the overall thermal

transmittance of fenestration assemblies

in accordance with RS–18 and RS–19

(incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701) or by calculation. Calculation

of the overall thermal transmittance of

fenestration assemblies shall consider

the center-of-glass, edge-of-glass, and

frame components.

(a) The following equation 402.1.2.4a

shall be used.

U U A U A UA A A A

U A U A UAU A U

of cg i cg i eg i eg i f i f i

i

n

cg i eg i f i

i

n

cg cg eg eg f f cg cg eg

= × + × +× ( ) 



 



 ( ) + +





 





= × + × +×+ × +

= =

∑ ∑ , , , ,,, , ,,

, , , ,,, , , ,

1 1

1 1 1 111 2 2 2 222

1 11 2 2 2

( × +× + ×

+ × +× ) ( ) + ++ + ++ + +

= ×+

A UA U A

U A UA A A AA A A A A A

U UAU

eg f f cg n cg n

eg n eg n f n f n cg eg f cg eg f cg n eg n f n

of cg i cg i

,,, , ,

, , , , , ,, , , , , , ,

, ,

...

...

eg i eg i f i f i

i

n

cg i eg i f i

i

n

cg cg eg eg f f cg cg eg eg

A UA A A A

U A U A UAU A U A

, ,,, , ,,

, , , ,,, , , , ,

( ) × +×





 



 ( ) + +





 





= × + × +×+ × + × +

= =

∑ ∑

1 1

1 1 1 111 2 2 2 2

 Equation 402.1.2.4a

U A

U A U A UA A A AA A A

AAA

f f

cg n cg n eg n eg n f n f n cg eg f cg eg f

cg n eg n f n

, ,

, , , , , , , ,, , , ,

, ,,

...

...

2 2

1 11 2 2 2

( ×

+ × + × +× ) ( + ++ + +

 + ++ )

Where:

Uof = the overall thermal transmittance

of the fenestration assemblies,

including the center-of-glass, edgeof-glass, and frame components,

Btu/(h·ft2·°F)

i = numerical subscript (1, 2, . . .n) refers

to each of the various fenestration

types present in the wall

n = the number of fenestration

assemblies in the wall assembly

Ucg = the thermal transmittance of the

center-of-glass area, Btu/(h·ft2·°F)

Acg = the center of glass area, that is the

overall visible glass area minus the

edge-of-glass area, ft2

Ueg = the thermal transmittance of the

edge of the visible glass area

including the effects of spacers in

multiple glazed units, Btu/(h·ft2·°F)

Aeg = the edge of the visible glass area,

that is the 2.5 in. perimeter band

adjacent to the frame, ft2

Uf = the thermal transmittance of the

frame area, Btu/(h·ft2·°F)

Af = the frame area that is the overall

area of the entire glazing product

minus the center-of-glass area and

minus the edge-of-glass area, ft2

(b) Values of Uof shall be based on one

of the following methods:

(1) Results from laboratory test of

center-of-glass, edge-of-glass, and frame

assemblies tested as a unit at winter

conditions. One of the procedures in

Section 8.3.2 of RS–1 (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701) shall be used.

(2) Overall generic product C

(commercial) in Table 13, Chapter 27, of

the RS–4 (incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701). The generic product C in

Table 13, Chapter 27, is based on a

product of 24 ft2. Larger units will

produce lower U-values and thus it is

recommended to use the calculation

procedure detailed in Equation

402.1.2.4a.

(3) Calculations based on the actual

area for center-of-glass, edge-of-glass,

and frame assemblies and on the

thermal transmittance of components

derived from 402.1.2.4a, 402.1.2.4b or a

combination of the two.

402.1.3 Gross Areas of Envelope

Components.

402.1.3.1 Roof Assembly. The gross

area of a roof assembly shall consist of

the total surface of the roof assembly

exposed to outside air or unconditioned

spaces and is measured from the

exterior faces of exterior walls and

centerline of walls separating buildings.

The roof assembly includes all roof or

ceiling components through which heat

may flow between indoor and outdoor

environments, including skylight

surfaces but excluding service openings.

For thermal transmittance purposes

when return air ceiling plenums are

employed, the roof or ceiling assembly

shall not include the resistance of the

ceiling or the plenum space as part of

the total resistance of the assembly.

402.1.3.2 Floor Assembly. The gross

area of a floor assembly over outside or

unconditioned spaces shall consist of

the total surface of the floor assembly

exposed to outside air or unconditioned

space and is measured from the exterior

face of exterior walls and centerline of

walls separating buildings. The floor

assembly shall include all floor

components through which heat may

flow between indoor and outdoor or

unconditioned space environments.

402.1.3.3 Wall Assembly. The gross

area of exterior walls enclosing a heated

or cooled space is measured on the

exterior and consists of the opaque

walls, including between-floor

spandrels, peripheral edges of flooring,

window areas (including sash), and

door areas but excluding vents, grilles,

and pipes.

402.2 Air Leakage and Moisture

Mitigation. The requirements of this

section shall apply only to those

building components that separate

interior building conditioned space

from the outdoors or from

unconditioned space or crawl spaces.

Compliance with the criteria for air

leakage through building components

shall be determined by tests conducted

in accordance with RS–10 (incorporated

by reference, see § 434.701).

402.2.1 Air Barrier System. A barrier

against leakage shall be installed to

prevent the leakage of air through the

60026 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

building envelope according to the

following requirements:

(a) The air barrier shall be continuous

at all plumbing and heating penetrations

of the building opaque wall.

(b) The air barrier shall be sealed at

all penetrations of the opaque building

wall for electrical and

telecommunications equipment.

TABLE 402.2.1.—AIR LEAKAGE FOR FENESTRATION AND DOORS MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INFILTRATION RATE

Component Reference

standard

cfm/lin ft Sash

crack or cfm/ft2

of area

Fenestration

Aluminum:

Operable ................................................................................................................................................. RS–11* 0.37 cfm/lin ft.

Jalousie ................................................................................................................................................... RS–11* 1.50 cfm/ft2.

Fixed ....................................................................................................................................................... RS–11* 0.15 cfm/ft2.

Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC):

Prime Windows ....................................................................................................................................... RS–12* 0.37 cfm/ft2.

Wood:

Residential .............................................................................................................................................. RS–13* 0.37 cfm/ft2.

Light Commercial .................................................................................................................................... RS–13* 0.25 cfm/ft2.

Heavy Commercial .................................................................................................................................. RS–13* 0.15 cfm/ft2.

Sliding Glass Doors:

Aluminum ................................................................................................................................................ RS–11* 0.37 cfm/ft2.

PVC ......................................................................................................................................................... RS–12* 0.37 cfm/lin ft.

Doors—Wood:

Residential .............................................................................................................................................. RS–14* 0.34 cfm/ft2.

Light Commercial .................................................................................................................................... RS–14* 0.25 cfm/ft2.

Heavy Commercial .................................................................................................................................. RS–14* 0.10 cfm/ft2.

Commercial Entrance Doors .......................................................................................................................... RS–10* 1.25 cfm/ft2.

Residential Swinging Doors ........................................................................................................................... RS–10* 0.50 cfm/ft2.

Wall Sections Aluminum ................................................................................................................................ RS–10* 0.06 cfm/ft2.

Note:

[The ‘‘Maximum Allowable Infiltration Rates’’ are from current standards to allow the use of available products.]

* Incorporated by reference, see § 434.701.

402.2.2 Building Envelope. The

following areas of the building envelope

shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or

weatherstripped to limit air leakage:

(a) Intersections of the fenestration

and door frames with the opaque wall

sections.

(b) Openings between walls and

foundations, between walls and roof

and wall panels.

(c) Openings at penetrations of utility

service through, roofs, walls, and floors.

(d) Site built fenestration and doors.

(e) All other openings in the building

envelope.

Exceptions are as follows: Outside air

intakes, exhaust outlets, relief outlets,

stair shaft, elevator shaft smoke relief

openings, and other similar elements

shall comply with subsection 403.

402.2.2.1 Fenestration and Doors

Fenestration and doors shall meet the

requirements of Table 402.2.1.

402.2.2.2 Building Assemblies Used

as Ducts or Plenums. Building

assemblies used as ducts or plenums

shall be sealed, caulked, and gasketed to

limit air leakage.

402.2.2.3 Vestibules. A door that

separates conditioned space from the

exterior shall be equipped with an

enclosed vestibule with all doors

opening into and out of the vestibule

equipped with self-closing devices.

Vestibules shall be designed so that in

passing through the vestibule, it is not

necessary for the interior and exterior

doors to open at the same time.

Exceptions are as follows: Exterior doors

need not be protected with a vestibule

where:

(a) The door is a revolving door.

(b) The door is used primarily to

facilitate vehicular movement or

material handling.

(c) The door is not intended to be

used as a general entrance door.

(d) The door opens directly from a

dwelling unit.

(e) The door opens directly from a

retail space less than 2,000 ft2 in area,

or from a space less than 1,500 ft2 for

other uses.

(f) In buildings less than three stories

in building height in regions that have

less than 6,300 heating degree days base

65°F.

402.2.2.4 Compliance Testing. All

buildings shall be tested after

completion using the methodology in

RS–11, (incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701) or an equivalent approved

method to determine the envelope air

leakage. A standard blower door test is

an acceptable technique to pressurize

the building if the building is 5,000 ft2

or less in area. The buildings’s air

handling system can be used to

pressurize the building if the building is

larger than 5,000 ft2. The following test

conditions shall be:

(a) The measured envelope air leakage

shall not exceed 1.57 pounds per square

foot of wall area at a pressure difference

of 0.3 inches water.

(b) At the time of testing, all windows

and outside doors shall be installed and

closed, all interior doors shall be open,

and all air handlers and dampers shall

be operable. The building shall be

unoccupied.

(c) During the testing period, the

average wind speed during the test shall

be less than 6.6 feet per second, the

average outside temperature greater than

59°F, and the average inside-outside

temperature difference is less than 41°F.

402.2.2.5 Moisture Migration. The

building envelope shall be designed to

limit moisture migration that leads to

deterioration in insulation or equipment

performance as determined by the

following construction practices:

(a) A vapor retarder shall be installed

to retard, or slow down the rate of water

vapor diffusion through the building

envelope. The position of the vapor

retarder shall be determined taking into

account local climate and indoor

humidity levels. The methodologies

presented in Chapter 20 of RS–4

(incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701) shall be used to determine

temperature and water vapor profiles

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60027

through the envelope systems to assess

the potential for condensation within

the envelope and to determine the

position of the vapor retarder within the

envelope system.

(b) The vapor retarder shall be

installed over the entire building

envelope.

(c) The perm rating requirements of

the vapor retarder shall be determined

using the methodologies contained in

Chapter 20 of RS–4, (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701) and shall take

into account local climate and indoor

humidity level. The vapor retarder shall

have a performance rating of 1 perm or

less.

402.3 Thermal Performance Criteria.

402.3.1 Roofs; Floors and Walls

Adjacent to Unconditioned Spaces. The

area weighted average thermal

transmittance of roofs and also of floors

and walls adjacent to unconditioned

spaces shall not exceed the criteria in

Table 402.3.1a. Exceptions are as

follows: Skylights for which daylight

credit is taken may be excluded from

the calculations of the roof assembly Uor

if all of the following conditions are

met:

(a) The opaque roof thermal

transmittance is less than the criteria in

Table 402.3.1b.

(b) Skylight areas, including framing,

as a percentage of the roof area do not

exceed the values specified in Table

402.3.1b. The maximum skylight area

from Table 402.3.1b may be increased

by 50% if a shading device is used that

blocks over 50% of the solar gain during

the peak cooling design condition. For

shell buildings, the permitted skylight

area shall be based on a light level of 30

foot candles and a lighting power

density (LPD) of less than 1.0 w/ft 2. For

speculative buildings, the permitted

skylight area shall be based on the unit

lighting power allowance from Table

401.3.2a and an illuminance level as

follows: for LPD < 1.0, use 30

footcandles; for 1.0 < LPD < 2.5, use 50

footcandles; and for LPD ≥ 2.5, use 70

footcandles.

(c) All electric lighting fixtures within

daylighted zones under skylights are

controlled by automatic daylighting

controls.

(d) The Uo of the skylight assembly

including framing does not

exceedllllllBtu/(h•ft 2•°F) [Use

0.70 for ≤ 8000 HDD65 and 0.45 for

>8000 HDD65 or both if the jurisdiction

includes cities that are both below and

above 8000 HDD65.]

(e) Skylight curb U-value does not

exceed 0.21 Btu/(h•ft 2•°F).

(f) The infiltration coefficient of the

skylights does not exceed 0.05 cfm/ft 2.

402.3.2 Below-Grade Walls and

Slabs-on-Grade. The thermal resistance

(R-value) of insulation for slabs-ongrade, or the overall thermal resistance

of walls in contact with the earth, shall

be equal to or greater than the values in

Table 402.3.2.

402.4 Exterior Walls. Exterior walls

shall comply with either 402.4.1 or

402.4.2.

402.4.1 Prescriptive Criteria. (a) The

exterior wall shall be designed in

accordance with subsections 402.4.1.1

and 402.4.1.2. When the internal load

density range is not known, the 0–1.50

W/ft 2 range shall be used for

residential, hotel/motel guest rooms, or

warehouse occupancies; the 3.01–3.50

w/ft 2 range shall be used for retail stores

smaller than 2,000 ft 2 and technical and

vocational schools smaller than 10,000

ft 2; and the 1.51–3.00 W/ft 2 range shall

be used for all other occupancies and

building sizes. When the building

envelope is designed or constructed

prior to knowing the building

occupancy type, an internal load

density of lll W/ft 2 shall be used.

[Use 3.0 W/ft 2 for HDD65 <3000, 2.25

W/ft 2 for 3000 < HDD65 < 6000, and 1.5

W/ft 2 for HDD65 > 6000.]

(b) When more than one condition

exists, area weighted averages shall be

used. This requirement shall apply to all

thermal transmittances, shading

coefficients, projection factors, and

internal load densities rounded to the

same number of decimal places as

shown in the respective table.

402.4.1.1 Opaque Walls. The

weighted average thermal transmittance

(U-value) of opaque wall elements shall

be less than the values in Table

402.4.1.1. For mass walls (HC ≥ 5),

criteria are presented for low and high

window/wall ratios and the criteria

shall be determined by interpolating

between these values for the window/

wall ratio of the building.

402.4.1.2 Fenestration. The design

of the fenestration shall meet the criteria

of Table 402.4.1.2. When the

fenestration columns labeled ‘‘Perimeter

Daylighting’’ are used, automatic

daylighting controls shall be installed in

the perimeter daylighted zones of the

building. These daylighting controls

shall be capable of reducing electric

lighting power to at least 50% of full

power. Only those shading or lighting

controls for perimeter daylighting that

are shown on the plans shall be

considered. The column labeled ‘‘VLT >

= SC’’ shall be used only when the

shading coefficient of the glass is less

than its visible light transmittance.

Appendix A

The example Alternate Component

Package tables illustrate the requirements of

subsections 434.301.1, 434.402.3.1,

434.402.3.2, 434.402.4.1.1 and 434.402.4.1.2.

Copies of specific tables contained in this

Appendix A can be obtained from the Energy

Code for Federal Commercial Buildings,

Docket No. EE–RM–79–112–C, EE–43, Office

of Building Research and Standards, U.S.

Department of Energy, Room 1J–018, 1000

Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC

20585, (202) 586–9127.

60028 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

402.4.2 System Performance

Criteria. The cumulative annual energy

flux attributable to thermal

transmittance and solar gains shall be

less than the criteria determined using

the ENVSTD24 computer program in

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60029

Standard 90.1–1989, or the equations in

RS–1, (incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701) Attachment 8–B. The

cumulative annual energy flux shall be

calculated using the ENVSTD24

computer program or the equations in

RS–1, (incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701) Attachment 8–B.

TABLE 402.4.2.—EQUIP DEFAULT VALUES FOR ENVSTD24

Occupancy

Default equipment power

density 1

Default occupant load adjustment 1

Default adjusted equipment power

density

Assembly ..................................................................................................................................... 0.25 0.75 1.00

Health/Institutional ....................................................................................................................... 1.00 ¥0.26 0.74

Hotel/Motel ................................................................................................................................... 0.25 ¥0.33 0.00

Warehouse/Storage ..................................................................................................................... 0.10 ¥0.60 0.00

Multi-Family High Rise ................................................................................................................. 0.75 N/A 0.00

Office ............................................................................................................................................ 0.75 ¥0.35 0.40

Restaurant ................................................................................................................................... 0.10 0.07 0.17

Retail ............................................................................................................................................ 0.25 ¥0.38 0.00

School .......................................................................................................................................... 0.50 0.30 0.80

1 Defaults as defined in Section 8.6.10.5, Table 8–4, and Sections 8.6.10.6 and 13.7.2.1, Table 13–2 from RS–1 (incorporated by reference,

see § 434.701).

402.4.2.1 Equipment Power Density

(EQUIP). The equipment power density

used in the ENVSTD24 computer

program shall use the actual equipment

power density from the building plans

and specifications or be taken from

Table 402.4.2 using the column titled

‘‘Default Adjusted Equipment Power

Density’’ or calculated for the building

using the procedures of RS–1.

(incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701). The program limits

consideration of the equipment power

density to a maximum of 1 W/ft 2.

402.4.2.2 Lighting Power Density

(LIGHTS). The lighting power density

used in the ENVSTD24 computer

program shall use the actual lighting

power density from the building plans

and specifications or the appropriate

value from Tables 401.3.2a, b, c, or d.

402.4.2.3 Daylighting Control Credit

Fraction (DLCF). When the daylighting

control credit fraction is other than zero,

automatic daylighting controls shall be

installed in the appropriate perimeter

zones(s) of the building to justify the

credit.

§ 434.403 Building mechanical systems

and equipment.

Mechanical systems and equipment

used to provide heating, ventilating, and

air conditioning functions as well as

additional functions not related to space

conditioning, such as, but not limited

to, freeze protection in fire projection

systems and water heating, shall meet

the requirements of this section.

403.1 Mechanical Equipment

Efficiency. When equipment shown in

Tables 403.1a through 403.1f is used, it

shall have a minimum performance at

the specified rating conditions when

tested in accordance with the specified

reference standard. The reference

standards listed in Tables 403.1a

through 403.1f are incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701. Omission of

minimum performance requirements for

equipment not listed in Tables 403.1a

through 403.1f does not preclude use of

such equipment.

TABLE 403.1A.—UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS AND CONDENSING UNITS, ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY

REQUIREMENTS

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum

Efficiency 2

Test

procedure 1

Air Conditioners, Air

Cooled.

< 65,000 Btu/h ............................. Split system ..................................

Single Package ............................

10.0 SEER .................

9.7 SEER ...................

ARI 210/240

(RS–15)*

≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,00 .......

Btu/h

Split System and Single Package 8.9 EER 3 ...................

8.3 IPLV3 ...................

ARI 210/240

(RS–15)*

≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000

Btu/h.

Split System and Single Package 8.5 EER3 ....................

7.5 IPLV3 ...................

≥ 240,000 Btu/h and < 760,000

Btu/h.

Split System and Single Package 8.5 EER3 ....................

7.5 IPLV3 ...................

ARI–340/360

(RS–16)*

≥ 760,000 Btu/h ........................... Split System and Package ........... 8.3 EER3 ....................

7.5 IPLV3 ...................

ARI–340/360

(RS–16)*

Air Conditioners,

Water and Evaporatively Cooled.

< 65,000 Btu/h ............................. Split System and Single Package 9.3 EER3 ....................

8.4 IPLV3 ...................

ARI 210/240

(RS–15)*

≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000

Btu/h.

Split System and Single Package 10.5 EERc ..................

9.7 IPLVc ....................

ARI 210/240

(RS–15)*

≥ 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000

Btu/h.

Split System and Single Package 9.6 EERc ....................

9.0 IPLVc ....................

ARI–340/360

(RS–16)*

≥ 240,000 Btu/h ........................... Split System and Single Package 9.6 EERc ....................

9.0 IPLVc ....................

ARI–340/360

(RS–16)*

Condensing Units, Air

Cooled.

135,000 Btu/h ............................... ...................................................... 9.9 EER .....................

11.0 IPLV ...................

ARI 365

(RS–29)*

60030 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

TABLE 403.1A.—UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS AND CONDENSING UNITS, ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY

REQUIREMENTS—Continued

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum

Efficiency 2

Test

procedure 1

Condensing Units,

Water or Evaporatively Cooled.

135,000 Btu/h ............................... ...................................................... 12.9 EER ...................

12.9 IPLV ...................

ARI 365

(RS–29)*

1See Subpart E for detailed references

2 IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.

3 Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units that have a heating section.

* Incorporation by reference, see § 434.701

TABLE 403.1B.—UNITARY AND APPLIED HEAT PUMPS, ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum efficiency 2 Test procedure 1

Air Cooled (Cooling

Mode).

<65,000 Btu/h .............................. Split System .................................

Single Package ............................

10.0 SEER .................

9.7 SEER ...................

ARI 210/240

(RS–15)*

≥65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/

h.

Split System and Single Package 8.9 EER 3 ...................

8.3 IPLV3 ...................

ARI 210/240

(RS–15)*

≥135,000 Btu/h and <240,000

Btu/h.

Split System and Single Package 8.5 EER 3 ...................

7.5 IPLV3 ...................

ARI–340/360

(RS–16)*

≥240,000 Btu/h ............................. Split System and Single Package 8.5 EER 3 ...................

7.5 IPLV3 ...................

ARI–340/360

(RS–16)*

Water Source .............

(Cooling Mode) ..........

<65,000 Btu/h .............................. 85 °F Entering Water ...................

75 °F Entering Water ...................

9.3 EER .....................

10.2 EER ...................

ARI–320

(RS–27)*

≥65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 .......

Btu/h .............................................

85 °F Entering Water ...................

75 °F Entering Water ...................

10.5 EER ...................

11.0 EER ...................

ARI–320

(RS–27)*

Groundwater-Source

(Cooling Mode).

<135,000 Btu/h ............................ 70 F Entering Water ....................

50 F Entering Water ....................

11.0 EER ...................

11.5 EER ...................

ARI 325

(RS–28)*

Ground Source (Cooling Mode).<135,000 Btu/h ............................ 77 F Entering Water ....................

70 F Entering Water ....................

10.0 EER ...................

10.4 EER ...................

ARI 325

(RS–28)*

Air Cooled (Heating

Mode).

<65,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) Split System .................................

Single Package ............................

6.8 HSPF ...................

6.6 HSPF ...................

ARI 210/240

(RS–15)*

65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h

(Cooling Capacity).

47 F db/43 F wb Outdoor Air .......

17 F db/15 F wb Outdoor Air .......

3.00 COP ...................

2.00 COP ...................

ARI 210/240

(RS–15)*

135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) 47 F db/43 F wb Outdoor Air .......

17 F db/15 F wb Outdoor ............

2.90 COP ...................

2.00 COP ...................

ARI–340/360

(RS–1/)*

Water-Source (Heating Mode).<135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity).70 F Entering Water ....................

75 F Entering Water ....................

3.80 COP ...................

3.90 COP ...................

ARI–320

(RS–27)*

Groundwater-Source

(Heating Mode).

<135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity).70 F Entering Water ....................

50 F Entering Water ....................

3.40 COP ...................

3.00 COP ...................

ARI 325

(RS–28)*

Ground Source (Heating Mode).<135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity).32 F Entering Water ....................

41 F Entering Water ....................

2.50 EER ...................

2.70 EER ...................

ARI–330

(RS–45)*

1See Subpart E for detailed references.

2 IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.

3 Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units that have a heating section.

* Incorporation by reference, see § 434.701.

TABLE 403.1C.—WATER CHILLING PACKAGES, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating

condition Minimum efficiency 2 Test procedure 1

Air-Cooled, With Condenser, Electrically Operated.<150 Tons .....................

≥150 Tons .....................

2.70 COP ......................

2.80 IPLV ......................

2.50 COP ......................

2.50 IPLV ......................

ARI 550 Centrifugal/Rotary Screw (RS–30)*

or ARI 590 Reciprocating (RS–31)*

Air-Cooled, Without Condenser,

Electrically Operated.

All Capacities ................ .................................... 3.10 COP

3.20 IPLV

Water Cooled, Electrically Operated,

Positive Displacement (Reciprocating).

All Capacities ................ ....................................... 3.80 COP

3.90 IPLV

Water Cooled, Electrically Operated,

Positive Displacement (Rotary

Screw and Scroll).

<150 Tons

≥150 Tons and <300

Tons.

≥300 Tons .....................

.

3.80 COP

3.90 IPLV

4.20 COP

4.50 IPLV

5.20 COP

5.30 IPLV

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60031

TABLE 403.1C.—WATER CHILLING PACKAGES, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS—Continued

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating

condition Minimum efficiency 2 Test procedure 1

Water-Cooled, Electrically Operated,

Centrifugal.

<150 Tons .....................

150 Tons and <300

Tons.

300 Tons .......................

....................................

3.80 COP ......................

3.90 IPLV ......................

4.20 COP

4.50 IPLV

5.20 COP

5.30 IPLV

ARI 550

(RS–30)*

Absorption Single Effect .................... All Capacities ................ ....................................... 0.48 COP.

Absorption Double Effect, IndirectFired.All Capacities ................ ....................................... 0.95 COP ......................

1.00 IPLV ......................

ARI 560

(RS–46)*

Absorption Double-Effect, DirectFired.All Capacities ................ ....................................... 0.95 COP

1.00 IPLV

1See Subpart E for detailed references.

2Equipment must comply with all efficiencies when multiple efficiencies are indicated.

*Incorporation by reference, see § 434.701.

TABLE 403.1D.—PACKAGED TERMINAL AIR CONDITIONERS, PACKAGED TERMINAL HEAT PUMPS, ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS, AND ROOM AIR-CONDITIONER HEAT PUMPS ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating

condition Minimum efficiency 2 Test procedure 1

PTAC (Cooling Mode) ....................... All Capacities ................ 95°F db Outdoor Air .....

..................................

82°F db Outdoor Air .....

10.0– (0.16 × Cap/

1,000) 3EER.

12.2–(0.20 × Cap/

1,000) 3EER.

ARI 310/380

(RS–17)*

ARI 310/380

(RS–17)*

PTHP (Cooling Mode) ....................... All Capacities ................ 95°F db Outdoor Air .....

..................................

82°F db Outdoor Air .....

10.0–(0.16 × Cap/

1,000) 3 EER.

12.2–(0.20 × Cap/1,000)

EER.

PTHP (Heating Mode) ....................... All Capacities ................ ....................................... 2.90–(0.026 × CAP/

1,000) 3 COP.

Room Air Conditioners, With

Louvered Sides.

<6,000 Btu/h .................

≥6,000 Btu/h and

<8,000 Btu/h.

≥8,000 Btu/h and

lt;14,000 Btu/h.

≥14,000 Btu/h and

<20,000 Btu/h.

≥20,000 Btu/h ................

....................................... 8.0 EER ........................

8.5 EER

9.0 EER

8.8 EER

8.2 EER

ANSI/AHAM RAC–1

(RS–40)*

Room Air Conditioner, Without

Louvered Sides.

<6,000 Btu/h .................

≥6,000 Btu/h and

<20,000 Btu/h.

≥20,000 Btu/h ................

....................................... 8.0 EER ........................

8.5 EER ........................

8.2 EER

ANSI/AHAM RAC–1

(RS–40)*

Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps

With Louvered Sides.

All Capacities ................ ....................................... 8.5 EER ........................ ANSI/AHAM RAC–1

(RS–40)*

Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps

Without Louvered Sides.

All Capacities ................ ....................................... 8.0 EER ........................ ANSI/AHAM RAC–1

(RS–40*

1See Subpart E for detailed references.

2Equipment must comply with all efficiencies when multiple efficiencies are indicated. (Note products covered by the 1992 Energy Policy Act

have no efficiency requirement for operation at other than standard rating conditions for products manufactured after 1/1/94). 3 Cap means the rated capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit’s capacity is less than 7,000 Btu/h, use 7,000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the

unit’s capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation.

* Incorporation by reference, see § 434.701.

TABLE 403.1E.—WARM AIR FURNACES AND COMBINATION WARM AIR FURNACES/AIR CONDITIONING UNITS, WARM AIR

DUCT FURNACES AND UNIT HEATERS, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum efficiencyb,e Test procedurea

Warm Air-Furnace, Gas-Fired ..... < 225,000 Btu/h ......... ...................................................... 78% AFUE or 80% Et DOE 10 CFR 430

Appendix N

≥ 225,000 Btu/h ......... Maximum Capacity c .....................

Minimum Capacityc ......................

80% Et .......................

78% Et .......................

ANSI Z21.47

(RS–21)*

Warm Air-Furnace, Oil-Fired ........ < 225,000 Btu/h ......... ...................................................... 78% AFUE or 80%

Et

d.

DOE 10 CFR 430

Appendix N

≥ 225,000 But/h ......... Maximum Capacity c .....................

Minimum Capacity .......................

81% Et .......................

81% Et .......................

U.L. 727

(RS–22)*

60032 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

TABLE 403.1E.—WARM AIR FURNACES AND COMBINATION WARM AIR FURNACES/AIR CONDITIONING UNITS, WARM AIR

DUCT FURNACES AND UNIT HEATERS, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS—Continued

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum efficiencyb,e Test procedurea

Warm Air Duct Furnaces, GasFired.All Capacities ............. Maximum Capacity c .....................

Minimum Capacity .......................

78% Et .......................

75% Et .......................

ANSI Z83.9

(RS–23)

Warm Air Unit Heaters, Gas Fired All Capacities ............. Maximum Capacity c .....................

Minimum Capacity .......................

78% Et .......................

74% Et .......................

ANSI Z83.8

(RS–24)*

Oil-Fired ....................................... All Capacities ............. Maximum Capacity c .....................

Minimum Capacity .......................

81% Et .......................

81% Et .......................

U.L. 731

(RS–25)*

aSee Subpart E for detailed references.

b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit’s controls.

c Combination units not covered by NAECA (Three-phase power or cooling capacity ≥ 65,000 Btu/h) may comply with either rating. dEt = thermal efficiency. See referenced document for detailed discussion. eEc = combustion efficiency. Units must also include an IID and either power venting or a flue damper. For those furnaces where combustion

air is drawn from the conditioned space, a vent damper may be substituted for a flue damper.

* Incorporation by reference, see § 434.701

TABLE 403.1F—BOILERS, GAS- AND OIL-FIRED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum efficiency b Test procedure a

Boilers, Gas-Fired ........................ <300,000 Btu/h .......... Hot Water ..................................... 80% AGUE ................ DOE 10 CFR 430

Appendix N

.................................... Steam ........................................... 75% AGUE ................ DOE 10 CFR 430

Appendix N

<300,000 Btu/h .......... Maximum Capacity c .....................

Minimum Capacity .......................

80% Ec .......................

80% Ec .......................

ANSI Z21.13

(RS–32)*

Boilers, Oil-Fired .......................... <300,000 Btu/h .......... ...................................................... 80% AGUE ................ DOE 10 CFR 430

(RS–20)*

<300,000 Btu/h .......... Maximum Capacity c .....................

Minimum Capacity .......................

83% Ec .......................

83% Ec .......................

U.L. 726

(RS–33)*

Oil-Fired (Residual) ...................... <3000,000 Btu/h ........ Maximum Capacity c .....................

Minimum Capacity .......................

83% Ec .......................

83% Ec.

aSee Subpart E for detailed references.

b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit’s controls.

cEc = combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See reference document for detailed information.

* Incorporation by reference, see §434.701.

403.1.1 Where multiple rating

conditions and/or performance

requirements are provided, the

equipment shall satisfy all stated

requirements.

403.1.2 Equipment used to provide

water heating functions as part of a

combination integrated system shall

satisfy all stated requirements for the

appropriate space heating or cooling

category.

403.1.3 The equipment efficiency

shall be supported by data furnished by

the manufacturer or shall be certified

under a nationally recognized

certification program or rating

procedure.

403.1.4 Where components, such as

indoor or outdoor coils, from different

manufacturers are used, the system

designer shall specify component

efficiencies whose combined efficiency

meets the standards herein.

403.2 HVAC Systems.

403.2.1 Load Calculations. Heating

and cooling system design loads for the

purpose of sizing systems and

equipment shall be determined in

accordance with the procedures

described in RS–1 (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701) using the

design parameters specified in subpart C

of this part.

403.2.2 Equipment and System

Sizing. Heating and cooling equipment

and systems shall be sized to provide no

more than the loads calculated in

accordance with subsection 403.2.1. A

single piece of equipment providing

both heating and cooling must satisfy

this provision for one function with the

other function sized as small as possible

to meet the load, within available

equipment options. Exceptions are as

follows:

(a) When the equipment selected is

the smallest size needed to meet the

load within available options of the

desired equipment line.

(b) Standby equipment provided with

controls and devices that allow such

equipment to operate automatically only

when the primary equipment is not

operating.

(c) Multiple units of the same

equipment type with combined

capacities exceeding the design load

and provided with controls that

sequence or otherwise optimally control

the operation of each unit based on

load.

403.2.3 Separate Air Distribution

System. Zones with special process

temperature and/or humidity

requirements shall be served by air

distribution systems separate from those

serving zones requiring only comfort

conditions or shall include

supplementary provisions so that the

primary systems may be specifically

controlled for comfort purposes only.

Exceptions: Zones requiring only

comfort heating or comfort cooling that

are served by a system primarily used

for process temperature and humidity

control need not be served by a separate

system if the total supply air to these

comfort zones is no more than 25% of

the total system supply air or the total

conditioned floor area of the zones is

less than 1000 ft2.

403.2.4 Ventilation and Fan System

Design. Ventilation systems shall be

designed to be capable of reducing the

supply of outdoor air to the minimum

ventilation rates required by Section

6.1.3 of RS–41 (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701) through the use

of return ducts, manually or

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60033

automatically operated control dampers,

fan volume controls, or other devices.

Exceptions are as follows: Minimum

outdoor air rates may be greater if:

(a) Required to make up air exhausted

for source control of contaminants such

as in a fume hood.

(b) Required by process systems.

(c) Required to maintain a slightly

positive building pressure. For this

purpose, minimum outside air intake

may be increased up to no greater than

0.30 air changes per hour in excess of

exhaust quantities.

403.2.4.1 Ventilation controls for

variable or high occupancy areas.

Systems with design outside air

capacities greater than 3,000 cfm serving

areas having an average design

occupancy density exceeding 100

people per 1,000 ft2 shall include means

to automatically reduce outside air

intake to the minimum values required

by RS–41 (incorporated by reference,

see § 434.701) during unoccupied or

low-occupancy periods. Outside air

shall not be reduced below 0.14 cfm/ft2.

Outside air intake shall be controlled by

one or more of the following:

(a) A clearly labeled, readily

accessible bypass timer that may be

used by occupants or operating

personnel to temporarily increase

minimum outside air flow up to design

levels.

(b) A carbon dioxide (CO2) control

system having sensors located in the

spaces served, or in the return air from

the spaces served, capable of

maintaining space CO2 concentrations

below levels recommended by the

manufacturer, but no fewer than one

sensor per 25,000 ft2 of occupied space

shall be provided.

(c) An automatic timeclock that can

be programmed to maintain minimum

outside air intake levels commensurate

with scheduled occupancy levels.

(d) Spaces equipped with occupancy

sensors.

403.2.4.2 Ventilation Controls for

enclosed parking garages. Garage

ventilation fan systems with a total

design capacity greater than 30,000 cfm

shall have automatic controls that stage

fans or modulate fan volume as required

to maintain carbon monoxide (CO)

below levels recommended in RS–41.

403.2.4.3 Ventilation and Fan

Power. The fan system energy demand

of each HVAC system at design

conditions shall not exceed 0.8 W/cfm

of supply air for constant air volume

systems and 1.25 W/cfm of supply air

for variable-air-volume (VAV) systems.

Fan system energy demand shall not

include the additional power required

by air treatment or filtering systems

with pressure drops over 1 in. w.c.

Individual VAV fans with motors 75 hp

and larger shall include controls and

devices necessary for the fan motor to

demand no more than 30 percent of

design wattage at 50 percent of design

air volume, based on manufacturer’s test

data. Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Systems with total fan system

motor horsepower of 10 hp or less.

(b) Unitary equipment for which the

energy used by the fan is considered in

the efficiency ratings of subsection

403.1.

403.2.5 Pumping System Design.

HVAC pumping systems used for

comfort heating and/or comfort air

conditioning that serve control valves

designed to modulate or step open and

closed as a function of load shall be

designed for variable fluid flow and

capable of reducing system flow to 50

percent of design flow or less.

Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Systems where a minimum flow

greater than 50% of the design flow is

required for the proper operation of

equipment served by the system, such

as chillers.

(b) Systems that serve no more than

one control valve.

(c) Systems with a total pump system

horse power ≤10 hp.

(d) Systems that comply with

subsection 403.2.6.8 without exception.

403.2.6 Temperature and Humidity

Controls.

403.2.6.1 System Controls. Each

heating and cooling system shall

include at least one temperature control

device.

403.2.6.2 Zone Controls. The supply

of heating and cooling energy to each

zone shall be controlled by individual

thermostatic controls responding to

temperature within the zone. For the

purposes of this section, a dwelling unit

is considered a zone. Exceptions are as

follows: Independent perimeter systems

that are designed to offset building

envelope heat losses or gains or both

may serve one or more zones also served

by an interior system when the

perimeter system includes at least one

thermostatic control zone for each

building exposure having exterior walls

facing only one orientation for at least

50 contiguous ft and the perimeter

system heating and cooling supply is

controlled by thermostat(s) located

within the zone(s) served by the system.

403.2.6.3 Zone Thermostatic Control

Capabilities. Where used to control

comfort heating, zone thermostatic

controls shall be capable of being set

locally or remotely by adjustment or

selection of sensors down to 55°F or

lower. Where used to control comfort

cooling, zone thermostatic controls shall

be capable of being set locally or

remotely by adjustment or selection of

sensors up to 85°F or higher. Where

used to control both comfort heating

and cooling, zone thermostatic controls

shall be capable of providing a

temperature range or deadband of at

least 5°F within which the supply of

heating and cooling energy to the zone

is shut off or reduced to a minimum.

Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Special occupancy or special usage

conditions approved by the building

official or

(b) Thermostats that require manual

changeover between heating and cooling

modes.

403.2.6.4 Heat Pump Auxiliary Heat.

Heat pumps having supplementary

electric resistance heaters shall have

controls that prevent heater operation

when the heating load can be met by the

heat pump. Supplemental heater

operation is permitted during outdoor

coil defrost cycles not exceeding 15

minutes.

403.2.6.5 Humidistats. Humidistats

used for comfort purposes shall be

capable of being set to prevent the use

of fossil fuel or electricity to reduce

relative humidity below 60% or

increase relative humidity above 30%.

403.2.6.6 Simultaneous Heating and

Cooling. Zone thermostatic and

humidistatic controls shall be capable of

operating in sequence the supply of

heating and cooling energy to the zone.

Such controls shall prevent: Reheating;

recooling; mixing or simultaneous

supply of air that has been previously

mechanically heated and air that has

been previously cooled, either by

mechanical refrigeration or by

economizer systems; and other

simultaneous operation of heating and

cooling systems to the same zone.

Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Variable-air-volume systems that,

during periods of occupancy, are

designed to reduce the air supply to

each zone to a minimum before heating,

recooling, or mixing takes place. This

minimum volume shall be no greater

than the larger of 30% of the peak

supply volume, the minimum required

to meet minimum ventilation

requirements of the Federal agency. (0.4

cfm/ft2 of zone conditioned floor area,

and 300 cfm).

(b) Zones where special

pressurization relationships or crosscontamination requirements are such

that variable-air-volume systems are

impractical, such as isolation rooms,

operating areas of hospitals and clean

rooms.

(c) At least 75% of the energy for

reheating or for providing warm air in

mixing systems is provided from a siterecovered or site-solar energy source.

60034 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

(d) Zones where specified humidity

levels are required to satisfy process

needs, such as computer rooms and

museums.

(e) Zones with a peak supply air

quantity of 300 cfm or less.

403.2.6.7 Temperature Reset for Air

Systems. Air systems supplying heated

or cooled air to multiple zones shall

include controls that automatically reset

supply air temperatures by

representative building loads or by

outside air temperature. Temperature

shall be reset by at least 25% of the

design supply air to room air

temperature difference. Zones that are

expected to experience relatively

constant loads, such as interior zones,

shall be designed for the fully reset

supply temperature. Exception are as

follows: Systems that comply with

subsection 403.2.6.6 without using

exceptions (a) or (b).

403.2.6.8 Temperature Reset for

Hydronic Systems. Hydronic systems of

at least 600,000 Btu/hr design capacity

supplying heated and/or chilled water

to comfort conditioning systems shall

include controls that automatically reset

supply water temperatures by

representative building loads (including

return water temperature) or by outside

air temperature. Temperature shall be

reset by at least 25% of the design

supply-to-return water temperature

difference. Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Systems that comply with

subsection 403.2.5 without exception or

(b) Where the design engineer certifies

to the building official that supply

temperature reset controls cannot be

implemented without causing improper

operation of heating, cooling,

humidification, or dehumidification

systems.

403.2.7 Off Hour Controls.

403.2.7.1 Automatic Setback or

Shutdown Controls. HVAC systems

shall be equipped with automatic

controls capable of accomplishing a

reduction of energy use through control

setback or equipment shutdown.

Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Systems serving areas expected to

operate continuously or

(b) Equipment with full load demands

not exceeding 2 kW controlled by

readily accessible, manual off-hour

controls.

403.2.7.2 Shutoff Dampers. Outdoor

air supply and exhaust systems shall be

provided with motorized or gravity

dampers or other means of automatic

volume shutoff or reduction. Exceptions

are as follows:

(a) Systems serving areas expected to

operate continuously.

(b) Individual systems which have a

design airflow rate or 3000 cfm or less.

(c) Gravity and other non-electrical

ventilation systems controlled by

readily accessible, manual damper

controls.

(d) Where restricted by health and life

safety codes.

403.2.7.3 Zone Isolation systems

that serve zones that can be expected to

operate nonsimultaneously for more

than 750 hours per year shall include

isolation devices and controls to shut off

or set back the supply of heating and

cooling to each zone independently.

Isolation is not required for zones

expected to operate continuously or

expected to be inoperative only when

all other zones are inoperative. For

buildings where occupancy patterns are

not known at the time of system design,

such as speculative buildings, the

designer may predesignate isolation

areas. The grouping of zones on one

floor into a single isolation area shall be

permitted when the total conditioned

floor area does not exceed 25,000 ft2 per

group.

403.2.8 Economizer Controls.

403.2.8.1 Each fan system shall be

designed and capable of being

controlled to take advantage of favorable

weather conditions to reduce

mechanical cooling requirements. The

system shall include either: A

temperature or enthalpy air economizer

system that is capable of automatically

modulating outside air and return air

dampers to provide up to 85% of the

design supply air quantity as outside

air, or a water economizer system that

is capable of cooling supply air by direct

and/or indirect evaporation and is

capable of providing 100% of the

expected system cooling load at outside

air temperatures of 50°F dry-bulb/45°F

wet-bulb and below. Exceptions are as

follows:

(a) Individual fan-cooling units with a

supply capacity of less than 3000 cfm or

a total cooling capacity less than 90,000

Btu/h.

(b) Systems with air-cooled or

evaporatively cooled condensers that

include extensive filtering equipment

provided in order to meet the

requirements of RS–41 (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701).

(c) Systems with air-cooled or

evaporatively cooled condensers where

the design engineer certifies to the

building official that use of outdoor air

cooling affects the operation of other

systems, such as humidification,

dehumidification, and supermarket

refrigeration systems, so as to increase

overall energy usage.

(d) Systems that serve envelopedominated spaces whose sensible

cooling load at design conditions,

excluding transmission and infiltration

loads, is less than or equal to

transmission and infiltration losses at an

outdoor temperature of 60°F.

(e) Systems serving residential spaces

and hotel or motel rooms.

(f) Systems for which at least 75% of

the annual energy used for mechanical

cooling is provided from a siterecovered or site-solar energy source.

(g) The zone(s) served by the system

each have operable openings (windows,

doors, etc.) with an openable area

greater than 5% of the conditioned floor

area. This applies only to spaces open

to and within 20 ft of the operable

openings. Automatic controls shall be

provided that lock out system

mechanical cooling to these zones when

outdoor air temperatures are less than

60°F.

403.2.8.2 Economizer systems shall

be capable of providing partial cooling

even when additional mechanical

cooling is required to meet the

remainder of the cooling load.

Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Direct-expansion systems may

include controls to reduce the quantity

of outdoor air as required to prevent coil

frosting at the lowest step of compressor

unloading. Individual direct-expansion

units that have a cooling capacity of

180,000 Btu/h or less may use

economizer controls that preclude

economizer operation whenever

mechanical cooling is required

simultaneously.

(b)Systems in climates with less than

750 average operating hours per year

between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the

ambient dry-bulb temperatures are

between 55 °F and 69 °F inclusive.

403.2.8.3 System design and

economizer controls shall be such that

economizer operation does not increase

the building heating energy use during

normal operation.

403.2.9 Distribution System

Construction and Insulation.

403.2.9.1 Piping Insulation. All

HVAC system piping shall be thermally

insulated in accordance with Table

403.2.9.1. Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Factory-installed piping within

HVAC equipment tested and rated in

accordance with subsection 403.1.

(b) Piping that conveys fluids that

have a design operating temperature

range between 55°F and 105°F.

(c) Piping that conveys fluids that

have not been heated or cooled through

the use of fossil fuels or electricity.

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60035

TABLE 403.2.9.1.—MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION (IN.) a

Insulation conductivity a Nominal pipe diameter (in.)

Fluid Design Operating Temp. Range (F)

Conductivity

Range Btu in./

(h ft2 F)

Mean

Temp. F <1.0 1.0 to1.25

1.5 to

3.0

4.0 to

6.0 8.0

Heating systems (Steam, Steam Condensate, and Hot Water) b, c

>350 ............................................................................................... 0.32–0.34 250 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5

251–350 ......................................................................................... 0.29–0.32 200 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0

201–250 ......................................................................................... 0.27–0.30 150 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5

141–200 ......................................................................................... 0.25–0.29 125 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5

105–140 ......................................................................................... 0.22–0.28 100 0.5 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.0

Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems

105 and Greater ............................................................................. 0.22–0.28 100 0.5 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.0

Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine, and Refrigerant) d

40–55 ............................................................................................. 0.22–0.28 100 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Below 40 ........................................................................................ 0.22–0.28 100 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

aFor insulation outside the stated conductivity range, the minimum thickness (T) shall be determined as follows: T=r{1+t/r)K/k¥1}

Where T = minimum insulation thickness (in), r = actual outside radius of pipe (in), t = insulation thickness listed in this table for applicable fluid

temperature and pipe size, K = conductivity of alternate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature (Btu in/

h ft2 F); and k = the upper value of the conductivity range listed in this table for the applicable fluid temperature. bThese thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only. Safety issues, such as insulation surface temperatures, have not been

considered. cPiping insulation is not required between the control valve and coil on run-outs when the control valve is located within four feet of the coil

and the pipe diameter is 1 inch or less. d Note that the required minimum thickness does not take water vapor transmission and possible surface condensation into account.

TABLE 403.2.9.2.—MINIMUM DUCT INSULATION R-VALUE a

Duct location

Cooling supply ducts Heating supply ducts

Return

CDD65 ducts

≤500

500<

CDD65

≤1,000

1,000<

CDD65

≤2,000

CDD65

≥2,000

HDD65

≤1,500

1,500<

HDD65

≤4,500

4,500<

HDD65

≤7,500

HDD65

≥7,500

Exterior of Building ...................................................... R–3.3 .. R–5.0 .. R–6.5 R–8.0 .. R–3.3 .. R–5.0 R–6.5 R–8.0 .. R–5.0

Ventilated Attic ............................................................ R–3.3 .. R–3.3 .. R–3.3 R–5.0 .. R–5.0 .. R–5.0 R–5.0 R–5.0 .. R–3.3

Unvented Attic ............................................................. R–5.0 .. R–5.0 .. R–5.0 R–5.0 .. R–5.0 .. R–5.0 R–5.0 R–5.0 .. R–3.3

Other Conditioned Spaces b ........................................ R–3.3 .. R–3.3 .. R–3.3 R–3.3 .. R–3.3 .. R–3.3 R–3.3 R–3.3 .. R–3.3

Indirectly Conditioned Spaces c ................................... none ... R–3.3 .. R–3.3 R–3.3 .. R–3.3 .. R–3.3 R–3.3 R–3.3 .. none

Buried .......................................................................... none .... none ... none ... none ... R–5.0 .. R–5.0 R–5.0 R–5.0 .. R–3.3

a Insulation R-values, measured in (h.ft 2.°F)/Btu, are for the insulation as installed and do not include film resistance. The required minimum

thickness do not consider water vapor transmission and possible surface condensation. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water

vapor transmission and condensation. For ducts that are designed to convey both heated and cooled air, duct insulation shall be as required by

the most restrictive condition. Where exterior walls are used as plenum walls, wall insulation shall be as required by the most restrictive condition

of this section or subsection 402. Insulation resistance measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with RS–6 (incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701) at a mean temperature of 75 °F. RS–6 is in incorporated by reference at § 434.701. b Includes crawl spaces, both ventilated and non-ventilated.

c Includes return air plenums, with and without exposed roofs above.

403.2.9.2Duct and Plenum Insulation.

All supply and return air ducts and

plenums installed as part of an HVAC

air distribution system shall be

thermally insulated in accordance with

Table 403.2.9.1. Exceptions are as

follows:

(a) Factory-installed plenums, casings,

or ductwork furnished as a part of the

HVAC equipment tested and rated in

accordance with subsection 403.1

(b) Ducts within the conditioned

space that they serve. (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701)ca a06oc0.186

403.2.9.3 Duct and Plenum

Construction. All air-handling ductwork

and plenums shall be constructed and

erected in accordance with RS–34, RS–

35, and RS–36 (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701). Where supply

ductwork and plenums designed to

operate at static pressures from 0.25 in.

wc to 2 in. wc, inclusive, are located

outside of the conditioned space or in

return plenums, joints shall be sealed in

accordance with Seal Class C as defined

in RS–34 (incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701). Pressure sensitive tape shall

not be used as the primary sealant

where such ducts are designed to

operate at static pressures of 1 in. wc,

or greater.

403.2.9.3.1 Ductwork designed to

operate at static pressures in excess of

3 in. wc shall be leak-tested in

accordance with Section 5 of RS–35,

(incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701), or equivalent. Test reports

shall be provided in accordance with

Section 6 of RS–35, (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701)m or equivalent.

The tested duct leakage class at a test

pressure equal to the design duct

pressure class rating shall be equal to or

less than leakage Class 6 as defined in

Section 4.1 of RS–35 (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701). Representative

sections totaling at least 25% of the total

installed duct area for the designated

pressure class shall be tested.

403.2.10 Completion.

60036 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

403.2.10.1 Manuals. Construction

documents shall require an operating

and maintenance manual provided to

the Federal Agency. The manual shall

include, at a minimum, the following:

(a) Submittal data stating equipment

size and selected options for each piece

of equipment requiring maintenance,

including assumptions used in outdoor

design calculations.

(b) Operating and maintenance

manuals for each piece of equipment

requiring maintenance. Required

maintenance activity shall be specified.

(c) Names and addresses of at least

one qualified service agency to perform

the required periodic maintenance shall

be provided.

(d) HVAC controls systems

maintenance and calibration

information, including wiring diagrams,

schematics, and control sequence

descriptions. Desired or field

determined setpoints shall be

permanently recorded on control

drawings, at control devices, or, for

digital control systems, in programming

comments.

(e) A complete narrative, prepared by

the designer, of how each system is

intended to operate shall be included

with the construction documents.

403.2.10.2 Drawings. Construction

documents shall require that within 30

days after the date of system acceptance,

record drawings of the actual

installation be provided to the Federal

agency. The drawings shall include

details of the air barrier installation in

every envelope component,

demonstrating continuity of the air

barrier at all joints and penetrations.

403.2.10.3 Air System Balancing.

Construction documents shall require

that all HVAC systems be balanced in

accordance with the industry accepted

procedures (such as National

Environmental Balancing Bureau

(NEBB) Procedural Standards,

Associated Air Balance Council (AABC)

National Standards, or ANSI/ASHRAE

Standard 111). Air and water flow rates

shall be measured and adjusted to

deliver final flow rates within 10% of

design rates, except variable flow

distribution systems need not be

balanced upstream of the controlling

device (VAV box or control valve).

403.2.10.3.1 Construction

documents shall require a written

balance report be provided to the

Federal agency for HVAC systems

serving zones with a total conditioned

area exceeding 5,000 ft2.

403.2.10.3.2 Air systems shall be

balanced in a manner to first minimize

throttling losses, then fan speed shall be

adjusted to meet design flow conditions

or equivalent procedures. Exceptions

are as follows: Damper throttling may be

used for air system balancing;

(a) With fan motors of 1 hp (0.746 kW)

or less, or

(b) Of throttling results in no greater

than 1⁄3 hp (0.248 kW) fan horsepower

draw above that required if the fan

speed were adjusted.

403.2.10.4 Hydronic System

Balancing. Hydronic systems shall be

balanced in a manner to first minimize

throttling losses; then the pump

impeller shall be trimmed or pump

speed shall be adjusted to meet design

flow conditions. Exceptions are as

follows:

(a) Pumps with pump motors of 10 hp

(7.46 kW) or less.

(b) If throttling results in no greater

than 3 hp (2.23 kW) pump horsepower

draw above that required if the impeller

were trimmed.

(c) To reserve additional pump

pressure capability in open circuit

piping systems subject to fouling. Valve

throttling pressure drop shall not exceed

that expected for future fouling.

403.2.10.5 Control System Testing.

HVAC control systems shall be tested to

assure that control elements are

calibrated, adjusted, and in proper

working condition. For projects larger

than 50,000 ft2 conditioned area,

detailed instructions for commissioning

HVAC systems shall be provided by the

designer in plans and specifications.

§ 434.404 Building service systems and

equipment.

404.1 Service Water Heating

Equipment Efficiency. Equipment must

satisfy the minimum performance

efficiency specified in Table 404.1 when

tested in accordance with RS–37, RS–

38, or RS–39 (incorporated by reference,

see § 434.701). Omission of equipment

from Table 404.1 shall not preclude the

use of such equipment. Service water

heating equipment used to provide

additional function of space heating as

part of a combination (integrated)

system shall satisfy all stated

requirements for the service water

heating equipment. All gas-fired storage

water heaters that are not equipped with

a flue damper and use indoor air for

combustion or draft hood dilution and

that are installed in a conditioned space,

shall be equipped with a vent damper

listed in accordance with RS–42

(incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701). Unless the water heater has

an available electrical supply, the

installation of such a vent damper shall

not require an electrical connection.

TABLE 404.1.—MINIMUM PERFORMANCE OF WATER HEATING EQUIPMENT

Category Type Fuel Input rating VT

Input to

VT ratio

Btuh/gal

Test Method a Energy factor

Thermal

efficiency

Et%

Standby loss

%/HR

NAECA .......... all .................. electric .... 12 kW allc DOE Test 0.93–0.00132V

Covered ......... storage ......... gas ......... 75,000 Btuh allc Procedure 10 0.62–0.0019V

Water ............. instantaneous gas ......... 200,000 all CFR Part 430 0.62–0.0019V

Heating .......... storage ......... oil ........... Btuhc all 430 0.59–0.0019V

Equipmentb .... instantaneous oil ........... 105,000

Btuh

all Appendix E 0.59–0.0019V

pool heater ... gas/oil ..... 210,000 Btuh all ANSI Z21.56 78

all (RS–38) *

Other Water ... storage ......... electric .... all all ANSI

Heating .......... Z21.10.3 78 .030+27/VT

equipmentd .... storage/ ........

instantaneous

gas/oil ..... 155m999

Btuh

all <4,000 (RS–39)* 78 1.3+114//VT

all <4,000 80 1.3+95/VT

>155,000

Btuh

<10 4,000 77

10 4,000 2.3+67/VT

Unfired ...........

Storage ..........

Tanks .............

all 6.5 Btuh/ft2

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60037

aFor detailed references see Subpart E.

b Consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) of 1987.

c DOE Test Procedures apply to electric and gas storage water heaters with rated volumes 20 gallons and gas instantaneous water heaters

with input ratings of 50,000 to 200,000 Btuh. dAll except those water heaters covered by NAECA.

* Incorporated by reference, see § 434.701.

404.1.1 Testing Electric and Oil

Storage Water Heaters for Standby Loss.

(a) When testing an electric storage

water heater, the procedures of

Z21.10.3–1990 (RS–39, incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701), Section 2.9,

shall be used. The electrical supply

voltage shall be maintained with ±1% of

the center of the voltage range specified

on the water heater nameplate. Also,

when needed for calculations, the

thermal efficiency (Et) shall be 98%.

When testing an oil-fired water heater,

the procedures of Z21.10.3–1990 (RS–39

incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701), Sections 2.8 and 2.9, shall be

used.

(b) The following modifications shall

be made: A vertical length of flue pipe

shall be connected to the flue gas outlet

of sufficient height to establish the

minimum draft specified in the

manufacturer’s installation instructions.

All measurements of oil consumption

shall be taken by instruments with an

accuracy of ±1% or better. The burner

rate shall be adjusted to achieve an

hourly Btu input rate within ±2% of the

manufacturer’s specified input rate with

the CO2 reading as specified by the

manufacturer with smoke no greater

than 1 and the fuel pump pressure

within ±1% of the manufacturer’s

specification.

404.1.2 Unfired Storage Tanks. The

heat loss of the tank surface area Btu/

(h•ft2) shall be based on an 80°F waterair temperature difference.

404.1.3 Storage Volume Symbols in

Table 404.1. The symbol ‘‘V’’ is the

rated storage volume in gallons as

specified by the manufacturer. The

symbol ‘‘VT’’ is the storage volume in

gallons as measured during the test to

determine the standby loss. VT may

differ from V, but it is within tolerances

allowed by the applicable Z21 and

Underwriters Laboratories standards.

Accordingly, for the purpose of

estimating the standby loss requirement

using the rated volume shown on the

rating plate, VT should be considered as

no less than 0.95V for gas and oil water

heaters and no less than 0.90V for

electric water heaters.

404.1.4 Electric Water Heaters. In

applications where water temperatures

not greater than 145°F are required, an

economic evaluation shall be made on

the potential benefit of using an electric

heat pump water heater(s) instead of an

electric resistance water heater(s). The

analysis shall compare the extra

installed costs of the heat pump unit

with the benefits in reduced energy

costs (less increased maintenance costs)

over the estimated service life of the

heat pump water heater. Exceptions are

as follows: Electric water heaters used

in conjunction with site-recovered or

site-solar energy sources that provide

50% or more of the water heating load

or off-peak heating with thermal storage.

404.2 Service Hot Water Piping

Insulation. Circulating system piping

and noncirculating systems without

heat traps, the first eight feet of outlet

piping from a constant-temperature

noncirculating storage system, and the

inlet pipe between the storage tank and

a heat trap in a noncirculating storage

system shall meet the provisions of

subsection 403.2.9.

404.2.1 Vertical risers serving

storage water heaters not having an

integral heat trap and serving a

noncirculating system shall have heat

traps on both the inlet and outlet piping

as close as practical to the water heater.

404.3 Service Water Heating System

Controls. Temperature controls that

allow for storage temperature

adjustment from 110°F to a temperature

compatible with the intended use shall

be provided in systems serving

residential dwelling units and from 90°F

for other systems. When designed to

maintain usage temperatures in hot

water pipes, such as circulating hot

water systems or heat trace, the system

shall be equipped with automatic time

switches or other controls that can be

set to turn off the system.

404.3.1 The outlet temperature of

lavatory faucets in public facility

restrooms shall be limited to 110°F.

404.4 Water Conservation.

Showerheads and lavatory faucets must

meet the requirements of 10 CFR 430.32

(o)-(p).

404.4.1 Lavatory faucets in public

facility restrooms shall be equipped

with a foot switch, occupancy sensor, or

similar device or, in other than

lavatories for physically handicapped

persons, limit water delivery to 0.25 gal/

cycle.

404.5 Swimming Pools. All pool

heaters shall be equipped with a readily

accessible on-off switch.

404.5.1 Time switches shall be

installed on electric heaters and pumps.

Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Pumps required to operate solar or

heat recovery pool heating systems.

(b) Where public health requirements

require 24-hour pump operation.

404.5.2 Heated swimming pools

shall be equipped with pool covers.

Exception: When over 70% of the

annual energy for heating is obtained

from a site-recovered or site-solar energy

source.

404.6 Combined Service Water

Heating and Space Heating Equipment.

A single piece of equipment shall not be

used to provide both space heating and

service water heating. Exceptions are as

follows:

(a) The energy input or storage

volume of the combined boiler or water

heater is less than twice the energy

input or storage volume of the smaller

of the separate boilers or water heaters

otherwise required or

(b) The input to the combined boiler

is less than 150,000 Btuh.

Subpart E—Building Energy Cost

Compliance Alternative

§ 434.501 General.

501.1 Subpart E permits the use of

the Building Energy Cost Compliance

Alternative as an alternative to many

elements of subpart D. When this

subpart is used, it must be used with

subpart C and subpart D, 401.1, 401.2,

401.3.4 and in conjunction with the

minimum requirements found in

60038 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

subsections 402.1, 402.2, and 402.3.,

403.1, 403.2.1–7, 403.2.9 and 404.

501.2 Compliance. Compliance

under this method requires detailed

energy analyses of the entire Proposed

Design, referred to as the Design Energy

Consumption; an estimate of annual

energy cost for the proposed design,

referred to as the Design Energy Cost;

and comparison against an Energy Cost

Budget. Compliance is achieved when

the estimated Design Energy Cost is less

than or equal to the Energy Cost Budget.

This subpart provides instructions for

determining the Energy Cost Budget and

for calculating the Design Energy

Consumption and Design Energy Cost.

The Energy Cost Budget shall be

determined through the calculation of

monthly energy consumption and

energy cost of a Prototype or Reference

Building design configured to meet the

requirements of subsections 401 through

404.

501.3 Designers are encouraged to

employ the Building Energy Cost Budget

compliance method set forth in this

section for evaluating proposed design

alternatives to using the elements

prescribed in subpart D. The Building

Energy Cost Budget establishes the

relative effectiveness of each design

alternative in energy cost savings,

providing an energy cost basis upon

which the building owner and designer

may select one design over another.

This Energy Cost Budget is the highest

allowable calculated energy cost for a

specific building design. Other

alternative designs are likely to have

lower annual energy costs and life cycle

costs than those used to minimally meet

the Energy Cost Budget.

501.4 The Energy Cost Budget is a

numerical reference for annual energy

cost. It’s purpose is to assure neutrality

with respect to choices such as HVAC

system type, architectural design and

fuel choice by providing a fixed,

repeatable budget that is independent of

any of these choices wherever possible

(i.e., for the prototype buildings). The

Energy Cost Budget for a given building

size and type will vary only with

climate, the number of stories, and the

choice of simulation tool. The

specifications of the prototypes are

necessary to assure repeatability, but

have no other significance. They are not

necessarily recommended energy

conserving practice, or even physically

reasonable practice for some climates or

buildings, but represent a reasonable

worst case of energy cost resulting from

compliance with the provisions of

subsections 401 through 404.

§ 434.502 Determination of the annual

energy cost budget.

502.1 The annual Energy Cost

Budgets shall be determined in

accordance with the Prototype Building

Procedure in § 434.503 and § 434.504 or

the Reference Building Procedure in

§ 434.505. Both methods calculate an

annual Energy Cost by summing the 12

monthly Energy Cost Budgets. Each

monthly Energy Cost Budget is the

product of the monthly Building Energy

Consumption of each type of energy

used multiplied by the monthly Energy

Cost per unit of energy for each type of

energy used.

502.2 The Energy Cost Budget shall

be determined in accordance with

Equation 502.2.a as follows:

ECB ECB Equation 5 =+ + jan .. ( . . ECB . .+ ECB 02.2.a) m dec

Based on:

ECB BECON ECOS ECOS m m m mi = ×+ × 1 1 1 . . . + BECON (Equation 502.2. b) mi

Where:

ECB=The annual Energy Cost Budget

ECBm=The monthly Energy Cost Budget

BECONmi=The monthly Budget Energy

Consumption of the ith type of

energy

ECOSmi=The monthly Energy Cost, per

unit of the ith type of energy

502.3 The monthly Energy Cost

Budget shall be determined using

current rate schedules or contract prices

available at the building site for all

types of energy purchased. These costs

shall include demand charges, rate

blocks, time of use rates, interruptible

service rates, delivery charges, taxes,

and all other applicable rates for the

type, location, operation, and size of the

proposed design. The monthly Budget

Energy Consumption shall be calculated

from the first day through the last day

of each month, inclusive.

§ 434.503 Prototype building procedure.

503.1 The Prototype Building

procedure shall be used for all building

types listed below. For mixed-use

buildings the Energy Cost Budget is

derived by allocating the floor space of

each building type within the floor

space of the prototype building. For

buildings not listed below, the

Reference Building procedure of

§ 434.505 shall be used. Prototype

buildings include:

(a) Assembly;

(b) Office (Business);

(c) Retail (Mercantile);

(d) Warehouse (Storage);

(e) School (Educational);

(f) Hotel/Motel;

(g) Restaurant;

(h) Health/Institutional; and

(i) Multi-Family.

§ 434.504 Use of the prototype building to

determine the energy cost budget.

504.1 Determine the building type of

the Proposed Design using the

categories in subsection 503.1. Using the

appropriate Prototype Building

characteristics from all of the tables

contained in Subpart E, the building

shall be simulated using the same gross

floor area and number of floors for the

Prototype Building as in the Proposed

Design.

504.2 The form, orientation,

occupancy and use profiles for the

Prototype Building shall be fixed as

described in subsection 511. Envelope,

lighting, other internal loads and HVAC

systems and equipment shall meet the

requirements of subsection 301, 401,

402, 403, and 404 and are standardized

inputs.

§ 434.505 Reference building method.

505.1 The Reference Building

procedure shall be used only when the

Proposed Design cannot be represented

by one or a combination of the

Prototype Building listed in subsection

503.1 or the assumptions for the

Prototype Building in Subsection 510,

such as occupancy and use-profiles, do

not reasonably represent the Proposed

Design.

§ 434.506 Use of the reference building to

determine the energy cost budget.

506.1 Each floor shall be oriented in

the same manner for the Reference

Building as in the Proposed Design. The

form, gross and conditioned floor areas

of each floor and the number of floors

shall be the same as in the Proposed

Design. All other characteristics, such as

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60039

lighting, envelope and HVAC systems

and equipment, shall meet the

requirements of subsections 301, 401,

402, 403 and 404.

§ 434.507 Calculation procedure and

simulation tool.

507.1 The Prototype or Reference

Buildings shall be modeled using the

criteria of subsections 510 and 521. The

modeling shall use a climate data set

appropriate for both the site and the

complexity of the energy conserving

features of the design. ASHRAE Weather

Year for Energy Calculations (WYEC)

data or bin weather data shall be used

in the absence of other appropriate data.

§ 434.508 Determination of the design

energy consumption and design energy

cost.

508.1 The Design Energy

Consumption shall be calculated by

modeling the Proposed Design using the

same methods, assumptions, climate

data, and simulation tool as were used

to establish the Energy Cost Budget,

except as explicitly stated in 509

through 534. The Design Energy Cost

shall be calculated per Equation 508.1.

Equation 508.1

DECOS DECOS DECOS Equation 5 =+ + jan dec ... .... DECOS 08.1 m

Based on:

DECOSm = DECONml × ECOSml +. . .+ DECONmi × ECOSmi (Equation 508.1.2)

Where:

DECOS=The annual Design Energy Cost

DECOSm=The monthly Design Energy

Cost

DECONmi=The monthly Design Energy

Consumption of the ith type of

energy

ECOSmi=The monthly Energy Cost per

unit of the ith type of energy

The DECONmi shall be calculated

from the first day through the last day

of the month, inclusive.

§ 434.509 Compliance.

509.1 If the Design Energy Cost is

less than or equal to the Energy Cost

Budget, and all of the minimum

requirements of subsection 501.2 are

met, the Proposed Design complies with

the standards.

§ 434.510 Standard calculation procedure.

510.1 The Standard Calculation

Procedure consists of methods and

assumptions for calculating the Energy

Cost Budget for the Prototype or

Reference Building and the Design

Energy Consumption and Design Energy

Cost of the Proposed Design. In order to

maintain consistency between the

Energy Cost Budget and the Design

Energy Cost, the input assumptions to

be used are stated below. These inputs

shall be used to determine the Energy

Cost Budget and the Design Energy

Consumption.

510.2 Prescribed assumptions shall

be used without variation. Default

assumptions shall be used unless the

designer can demonstrate that a

different assumption better

characterizes the building’s energy use

over its expected life. The default

assumptions shall be used in modeling

both the Prototype or Reference

Building and the Proposed Design,

unless the designer demonstrates clear

cause to modify these assumptions.

Special procedures for speculative

buildings are discussed in subsection

503. Shell buildings may not use

subpart E.

§ 434.511 Orientation and shape.

511.1 The Prototype Building shall

consist of the same number of stories,

and gross and conditioned floor area as

the Proposed Design, with equal area

per story. The building shape shall be

rectangular, with a 2.5:1 aspect ratio.

The long dimensions of the building

shall face East and West. The

fenestration shall be uniformly

distributed in proportion to exterior

wall area. Floor-to-floor height for the

Prototype Building shall be 13 ft. except

for dwelling units in hotels/motels and

multi-family high-rise residential

buildings where floor-to-floor height

shall be 9.5 ft.

511.2 The Reference Building shall

consist of the same number of stories,

and gross floor area for each story as the

Proposed Design. Each floor shall be

oriented in the same manner as the

Proposed Design. The geometric form

shall be the same as the Proposed

Design.

§ 434.512 Internal loads.

512.1 The systems and types of

energy specified in this section are

provided only for purposes of

calculating the Energy Cost Budget.

They are not requirements for either

systems or the type of energy to be used

in the Proposed Design or for

calculation of Design Energy Cost.

512.2 Internal loads for multi-family

high-rise residential buildings are

prescribed in Tables 512.2.a and b,

Multi-Family High Rise Residential

Building Schedules. Internal loads for

other building types shall be modeled as

noted in this subsection.

TABLE 512.2.A.— MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS SCHEDULES—ONE-ZONE DWELLING UNIT

[Internal loads per dwelling unit Btu/h]

Hour

Occupants Lights Equipment

Sensible Latent Sensible Sensible Latent

1 ............................................................................................................... 300 260 0 750 110

2 ............................................................................................................... 300 260 0 750 110

3 ............................................................................................................... 300 260 0 750 110

4 ............................................................................................................... 300 260 0 750 110

5 ............................................................................................................... 300 260 0 750 110

6 ............................................................................................................... 300 260 0 750 110

7 ............................................................................................................... 300 260 0 750 110

8 ............................................................................................................... 210 260 980 1250 190

60040 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

TABLE 512.2.A.— MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS SCHEDULES—ONE-ZONE DWELLING UNIT—

Continued

[Internal loads per dwelling unit Btu/h]

Hour

Occupants Lights Equipment

Sensible Latent Sensible Sensible Latent

9 ............................................................................................................... 100 80 840 2600 420

10 ............................................................................................................. 100 80 0 1170 180

11 ............................................................................................................. 100 80 0 1270 190

12 ............................................................................................................. 100 80 0 2210 330

13 ............................................................................................................. 100 80 0 2210 330

14 ............................................................................................................. 100 80 0 1270 190

15 ............................................................................................................. 100 80 0 1270 190

16 ............................................................................................................. 100 80 0 1270 190

17 ............................................................................................................. 100 80 0 1270 190

18 ............................................................................................................. 300 260 0 3040 450

19 ............................................................................................................. 300 260 0 3360 500

20 ............................................................................................................. 300 260 960 1490 220

21 ............................................................................................................. 300 260 960 1490 220

22 ............................................................................................................. 300 260 960 1490 220

23 ............................................................................................................. 300 260 960 1060 160

24 ............................................................................................................. 300 260 960 1060 160

TABLE 512.2.B.—MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING SCHEDULES-TWO-ZONE DWELLING UNIT

[Internal loads per dwelling unit Btu/h]

Hour

Bedrooms & bathrooms Other rooms

Occupants Lights Equipment Occupants Lights Equipment

Sensible Latent Sensible Sensible Latent Sensible Latent Sensible Sensible Latent

1 ........................ 300 260 0 100 20 0 0 0 650 90

2 ........................ 300 260 0 100 20 0 0 0 650 90

3 ........................ 300 260 0 100 20 0 0 0 650 90

4 ........................ 300 260 0 100 20 0 0 0 650 90

5 ........................ 300 260 0 100 20 0 0 0 650 90

6 ........................ 300 260 0 100 20 0 0 0 650 90

7 ........................ 200 180 680 200 40 100 80 300 1050 150

8 ........................ 110 120 240 200 40 100 80 600 2400 380

9 ........................ 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1070 160

0 ........................ 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1170 170

0 ........................ 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1170 170

0 ........................ 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 2110 310

0 ........................ 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 2110 310

14 ...................... 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1170 170

15 ...................... 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1170 170

16 ...................... 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1170 170

17 ...................... 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1170 170

18 ...................... 0 0 0 100 20 300 260 0 2940 430

19 ...................... 0 0 0 100 20 300 260 0 3260 480

20 ...................... 100 80 320 300 60 200 180 640 1190 160

21 ...................... 100 80 320 300 60 200 180 640 1190 160

22 ...................... 150 130 480 700 90 150 130 480 790 130

23 ...................... 300 260 640 410 70 0 0 320 650 90

24 ...................... 300 260 640 410 70 0 0 320 650 90

513.1 Occupancy.

5131 Occupancy schedules are

default assumptions. The same

assumptions shall be made in

computing Design Energy Consumption

as were used in calculating the Energy

Cost Budget.

513.2 Table 513.2.a, Occupancy

Density, establishes the density, in ft2

person of conditioned floor area, to be

used for each building type. Table

513.2.b, Building Schedule Percentage

Multipliers, establishes the percentage

of total occupants in the building by

hour of the day for each building type.

TABLE 513.2.A.—OCCUPANCY DENSITY

Building type

Conditioned

floor area

Ft 2 person

Assembly .................................. 50

Office ........................................ 275

Retail ......................................... 300

Warehouse ............................... 15000

School ....................................... 75

Hotel/Motel ................................ 250

TABLE 513.2.A.—OCCUPANCY

DENSITY—Continued

Building type

Conditioned

floor area

Ft 2 person

Restaurant ................................ 100

Health/Institutional .................... 200

Multi-family High-rise Residential .......................................... 2 per unit .1

1 Heat generation: Btu/h per person: 230

Btu/h per person sensible, and 190 Btu/h per

person latent. See Tables 512.2 a and b.

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60041

60042 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60043

60044 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60045

60046 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

§ 434.514 Lighting.

514.1 Interior Lighting Power

Allowance (ILPA), for calculating the

Energy Cost Budget shall be determined

from subsection 401.3.2. The lighting

power used to calculate the Design

Energy Consumption shall be the actual

adjusted power for lighting in the

Proposed Design. If the lighting controls

in the Proposed Design are more

effective at saving energy than those

required by subsection 401.3.1 and

401.3.2, the actual installed lighting

power shall be used along with the

schedules reflecting the action of the

controls to calculate the Design Energy

Consumption. This actual installed

lighting power shall not be adjusted by

the Power Adjustment Factors listed in

Table 514.1.

TABLE 514.1.—POWER ADJUSTMENT

FACTOR (PAF)

Automatic control device(s) Standard

PAF

(1) Occupancy Sensor .............. 0.30

(2) Daylight Sensing Continuous Dimming ....................... 0.30

(3) Daylight Sensing Multiple

Step Dimming ....................... 0.20

(4) Daylight Sensing On/Off ..... 0.10

(5) Lumen Maintenance ........... 0.10

514.2 Table 513.2.b establishes

default assumptions for the percentage

of the lighting load switched-on in each

Prototype or Reference Building by hour

of the day. These default assumptions

can be changed when calculating the

Energy Cost Budget to provide, for

example, a 12-hour rather than an 8-

hour workday.

§ 434.515 Receptacles.

515.1 Receptacle loads and profiles

are default assumptions. The same

assumptions shall be made in

calculating Design Energy Consumption

as were used in calculating the Energy

Cost Budget.

515.2 Receptacle loads include all

general service loads that are typical in

a building. These loads exclude any

process electrical usage and HVAC

primary or auxiliary electrical usage.

Table 515.2, Receptacle Power

Densities, establishes the density, in W/

ft2, to be used for each building type.

The receptacle energy profiles shall be

the same as the lighting energy profiles

in Table 513.2.b. This profile establishes

the percentage of the receptacle load

that is switched on by hour of the day

and by building type.

TABLE 515.2.—RECEPTACLE POWER

DENSITIES

Building type

W/ft2 of

conditioned

floor

area

Assembly .................................. 0.25

Office ........................................ 0.75

Retail ......................................... 0.25

Warehouse ............................... 0.1

School ....................................... 0.5

Hotel/Motel ................................ 0.25

Restaurant ................................ 0.1

Health ....................................... 1.0

Multi-family High Rise Residential .......................................... ....................

Included in Lights and Equipment portions

of Tables 512.2 a and b.

§ 434.516 Building exterior envelope.

516.1 Insulation and Glazing. The

insulation and glazing characteristics of

the Prototype and Reference Building

envelope shall be determined by using

the first column under ‘‘Base Case’’,

with no assumed overhangs, for the

appropriate Alternate Component

Tables (ACP) in Table 402.4.1.2, as

defined by climate range. The insulation

and glazing characteristics from this

ACP are prescribed assumptions for

Prototype and Reference Buildings for

calculating the Energy Cost Budget. In

calculating the Design Energy

Consumption of the Proposed Design,

the envelope characteristics of the

Proposed Design shall be used.

516.2 Infiltration. For Prototype and

Reference Buildings, the infiltration

assumptions in subsection 516.2.1 shall

be prescribed assumptions for

calculating the Energy Cost Budget and

default assumptions for the Design

Energy Consumption. Infiltration shall

impact perimeter zones only.

516.2.1 When the HVAC system is

switched ‘‘on,’’ no infiltration shall be

assumed. When the HVAC system is

switched ‘‘off,’’ the infiltration rate for

buildings with or without operable

windows shall be assumed to be 0.038

cfm/ft2 of gross exterior wall. Hotels/

motels and multi-family high-rise

residential buildings shall have

infiltration rates of 0.038 cfm/ft2 of gross

exterior wall area at all times.

516.3 Envelope and Ground

Absorptivities. For Prototype and

Reference Buildings, absorptivity

assumptions shall be prescribed

assumptions for computing the Energy

Cost Budget and default assumptions for

computing the Design Energy

Consumption. The solar absorptivity of

opaque elements of the building

envelope is assumed to be 70%. The

solar absorptivity of ground surfaces is

assumed to be 80% (20% reflectivity).

516.4 Window Management. For the

Prototype and Reference Building,

window management drapery

assumptions shall be prescribed

assumptions for setting the Energy Cost

Budget. No draperies shall be the

default assumption for computing the

Design Energy Consumption. Glazing is

assumed to be internally shaded by

medium-weight draperies, closed onehalf time. The draperies shall be

modeled by assuming that one-half the

area in each zone is draped and one-half

is not. If manually-operated draperies,

shades, or blinds are to be used in the

Proposed Design, the Design Energy

Consumption shall be calculated by

assuming they are effective over onehalf the glazing area in each zone.

516.5 Shading. For Prototype and

Reference buildings and the Proposed

Design, shading by permanent

structures, terrain, and vegetation shall

be taken into account for computing

energy consumption, whether or not

these features are located on the

building site. A permanent fixture is one

that is likely to remain for the life of the

Proposed Design.

§ 434.517 HVAC systems and equipment.

517.1 The specifications and

requirements for the HVAC systems of

the Prototype and Reference Buildings

shall be those in Table 517.1.1, HVAC

Systems for Prototype and Reference

Buildings. For the calculation of the

Design Energy Consumption, the HVAC

systems and equipment of the Proposed

Design shall be used.

517.2 The systems and types of

energy presented in Table 517.1.1 are

assumptions for calculating the Energy

Cost Budget. They are not requirements

for either systems or the type of energy

to be used in the Proposed Building or

for the calculation of the Design Energy

Cost.

TABLE 517.1.1.—HVAC SYSTEMS OF PROTOTYPE AND REFERENCE BUILDINGS 1,2

Building/space occupancy System No.

(Table 517.4.1)

Remarks

(Table 517.4.1)

Assembly:

a. Churches (any size) ............................................................................................................................ 1

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60047

TABLE 517.1.1.—HVAC SYSTEMS OF PROTOTYPE AND REFERENCE BUILDINGS 1 2—Continued

Building/space occupancy System No.

(Table 517.4.1)

Remarks

(Table 517.4.1)

b. ≤50,000 ft 2 or ≤3 floors ....................................................................................................................... 1 or 3 Note 1.

c. >50,000 ft 2 or >3 floors ....................................................................................................................... 3

Office:

a. ≤20,000 ft 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 1

b. ≤50,000 ft 2 and either ≤3 floors or ≤75,000 ft 2 .................................................................................. 4

c. <75,000 ft 2 or >3 floors ....................................................................................................................... 5

Retail:

a. ≤50,000 ft 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 1 or 3 Note 1.

b. >50,000 ft 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 4 or 5 Note 1.

Warehouse ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Note 1.

School:

a. ≤75,000 ft 2 or ≤3 floors ....................................................................................................................... 1

b. >75,000 ft 2 or >3 floors ...................................................................................................................... 3

Hotel/Motel:

a. ≤3 stories ............................................................................................................................................. 2 or 7 Note 5, 7.

b. >3 stories ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Note 6.

Restaurant ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 or 3 Note 1.

Health:

a. Nursing Home (any size) .................................................................................................................... 2 or 7 Note 7.

b. ≤15,000 ft 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 1

c. <15,000 ft 2 or ≤50,000 ft 2 .................................................................................................................. 4 Note 2.

d. >50,000 ft 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Note 2, 3.

Multi-family High Rise Residential >3 stories ................................................................................................. 7

1Space and Service Water Heating budget calculations shall be made using both electricity and natural gas. The Energy Cost Budget shall be

the lower of these two calculations. If natural gas is not available at the rate, electricity and #2 fuel oil shall be used for the budget calculations. 2The system and energy types presented in this Table are not intended as requirements or recommendations for the proposed design. Floor

areas below are the total conditioned floor areas for the listed occupancy type in the building. The number of floors indicated below is the total

number of occupied floors for the listed occupancy type.

517.3 HVAC Zones. HVAC zones for

calculating the Energy Cost Budget of

the Prototype or Reference Building

shall consist of at least four perimeter

and one interior zones per floor.

Prototype Buildings shall have one

perimeter zone facing each cardinal

direction. The perimeter zones of

Prototype and Reference Buildings shall

be 15 ft in width, or one-third the

narrow dimension of the building, when

this dimension is between 30 ft and 45

ft inclusive, or one-half the narrow

dimension of the building when this

dimension is less than 30 ft. Zoning

requirements shall be a default

assumption for calculating the Energy

Cost Budget. For multi-family high-rise

residential buildings, the prototype

building shall have one zone per

dwelling unit. The proposed design

shall have one zone per unit unless

zonal thermostatic controls are provided

within units; in this case, two zones per

unit shall be modeled. Building types

such as assembly or warehouse may be

modeled as a single zone if there is only

one space.

517.4 For calculating the Design

Energy Consumption, no fewer zones

shall be used than were in the Prototype

and Reference Buildings. The zones in

the simulation shall correspond to the

zones provided by the controls in the

Proposed Design. Thermally similar

zones, such as those facing one

orientation on different floors, may be

grouped together for the purposes of

either the Design Energy Consumption

or Energy Cost Budget simulation.

TABLE 517.4.1.—HVAC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION FOR PROTOTYPE AND REFERENCE BUILDINGS 1, 2

HVAC component System #1 System #2 System #3 System #4

System Description ........... Packaged rooftop single

room, one unit per zone.

Packaged terminal air conditioner with space heater or heat pump, one

heating/cooling unit per

zone.

Air handler per zone with

central plant.

Packaged rooftop VAV w/

perimeter reheat.

Fan system—Design supply circulation rate.Note 9 ............................... Note 10 ............................. Note 9 ............................... Note 9.

Supply fan total static pressure.1.3 in. W.C ........................ N/A .................................... 2.0 in. W.C ........................ 3.0 in. W.C.

Combined supply fan,

motor, and drive efficiency.

40% ................................... N/A .................................... 50% ................................... 45%.

Supply fan control ............. Constant volume ............... Fan Cycles with call for

heating or cooling.

Constant volume ............... VAV w/forward curved

contrifugal fan and variable inlet vanes.

Return fan total static pressure.N/A .................................... N/A .................................... 0.6 in. W.C. ....................... 0.6 in. W.C.

Combined return fan,

motor, and drive efficiency.

N/A .................................... N/A .................................... 25% ................................... 25%.

60048 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

TABLE 517.4.1.—HVAC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION FOR PROTOTYPE AND REFERENCE BUILDINGS 1, 2—Continued

HVAC component System #1 System #2 System #3 System #4

Return fan control .............. N/A .................................... N/A .................................... Constant volume ............... VAV w/forward curved

centrifugal fan and discharge dampers.

Cooling System ................. Direct expansion air

cooled.

Direct expansion air

cooled.

Chilled water (Note 1) ....... Direct expansion air

cooled.

Heating System ................. Furnace, heat pump, or

electric resistance (Note

8).

Heat pump w/electric resistance auxiliary or air

conditioner w/space

heater (Note 8).

Hot water (Note 8, 12) ...... Hot water (Note 12) or

electric resistance (Note

B).

Remarks ............................ Dry bulb economizer per

Section 7.4.3 (barometric relief).

No economizer .................. Dry bulb economizer per

Section 434.514.

Dry bulb economizer per

Section 434.514. Minimum VAV setting per

434.514 exception 1.

Supply air reset by zone

of greatest cooling demand.

1The systems and energy types presented in this Table are not intended as requirements or recommendations for the proposed design. 2For numbered notes see end of Table 517.4.1.

TABLE 517.4.1.—HVAC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION FOR PROTOTYPE AND REFERENCE BUILDINGS 1

HVAC component Systems #5 System #6 System #7

System Description ........................ Built-up central VAV with perimeter reheat.Fourpipe fan coil per zone with

central plant.

Water source heat pump

Fan system—Design supply circulation rate.Note 9 ........................................... Note 9 ........................................... Note 10.

Supply fan total static pressure ..... 4.0 in W.C ..................................... 0.5 in W.C ..................................... 0.5 in. W.C.

Combined supply fan, motor, and

drive efficiency.

55% ............................................... 25A ............................................... 25%.

Supply fan control .......................... VAV w/air-foil centrifugal fan and

AC frequency variable speed

drive.

Fan Cycles with call for heating or

cooling.

Fan cycles w/call for heating or

cooling.

Return fan total static pressure ..... 1.0 in W.C ..................................... N/A ................................................ N/A.

Combined return fan, motor, and

drive efficiency.

30% ............................................... N/A ................................................ N/A.

Return fan control .......................... VAV with air-foil centrifugal fan

and AC frequency variable

speed drive.

N/A ................................................ N/A.

Cooling System .............................. Chilled water (Note 11) ................ Chilled water (Note 11) ................ Closed circuit, centrifugal blower

type cooling tower sized per

Note 11. Circulating pump sized

for 2.7 GPM per ton.

Heating System ............................. Hot water (Note 12) or electric resistance (Note 8).Hot water (Note 12) or electric resistance (Note 8).Electric or natural draft fossil fuel

boiler (Note 8).

Remarks ......................................... Dry bulb economizer per Section

7.4.3. Minimum VAV setting per

Section 7.4.4.3. Supply air reset

by zone of greatest cooling demand.

No economizer ............................. Tower fans and boiler cycled to

maintain circulating water temperature between 60 and design tower leaving water temperature.

Numbered Notes for Table 517.4.1

HVAC System Descriptions for Prototype and

Reference Buildings

Notes:

1. For occupancies such as restaurants,

assembly and retail which are part of a mixed

use building which, according to Table

517.4.1, includes a central chilled water

plant (systems 3, 5, or 6), chilled water

system type 3 or 5, as indicated in the Table,

shall be used.

2. Constant volume may be used in zones

where pressurization relationships must be

maintained by code. VAV shall be used in all

other areas, in accordance with § 517.4

3. Provide run-around heat recovery

systems for all fan systems with minimum

outside air intake greater than 75%. Recovery

effectiveness shall be 0.60.

4. If a warehouse is not intended to be

mechanically cooled, both the Energy Cost

Budgets and Design Energy Costs, may be

calculated assuming no mechanical cooling.

5. The system listed is for guest rooms

only. Areas such as public areas and back-ofhouse areas shall be served by system 4.

Other areas such as offices and retail shall be

served by the systems listed in Table 517.4.1

for those occupancy types.

6. The system listed is for guest rooms

only. Areas such as public areas and back-ofhouse areas shall be served by System 5.

Other areas such as offices and retail shall be

served by the systems listed in Table

517.4.1.1 for those occupancy types.

7. System 2 shall be used for Energy Cost

Budget calculation except in areas with

design heating outside air temperatures less

than 10°F.

8. Prototype energy budget cost

calculations shall be made using both

electricity and natural gas. If natural gas is

not available at the site, electricity and #2

fuel oil shall be used. The Energy Cost

Budget shall be the lower of these results.

Alternatively, the Energy Cost Budget may be

based on the fuel source that minimizes total

operating, maintenance, equipment, and

installation costs for the prototype over the

building lifetime. Equipment and installation

cost estimates shall be prepared using

professionally recognized cost estimating

tools, guides, and techniques. The methods

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60049

of analysis shall conform to those of Subpart

A of 10 CFR part 436. Energy costs shall be

based on actual costs to the building as

defined in this Section.

9. Design supply air circulation rate shall

be based on a supply air to room air

temperature differences of 20°F. A higher

supply air temperature may be used if

required to maintain a minimum circulation

rate of 4.5 air changes per hour or 15 cfm per

person at design conditions to each zone

served by the system. If return fans are

specified, they shall be sized from the supply

fan capacity less the required minimum

ventilation with outside air, or 75% or the

supply air capacity, whichever is larger.

Except where noted, supply and return fans

shall be operated continually during

occupied hours.

10. Fan System Energy when included in

the efficiency rating of the unit as defined in

§ 403.2.4.3 need not be modeled explicitly for

this system. The fan shall cycle with calls for

heating or cooling.

11. Chilled water systems shall be modeled

using a reciprocating chiller for systems with

total cooling capacities less than 175 tons,

and centrifugal chillers for systems with

cooling capacities of 175 tons or greater. For

systems with cooling or 600 ton or more, the

Energy Cost Budget shall be calculated using

two centrifugal chillers lead/lag controlled.

Chilled water pumps shall be sized using a

12°F temperature rise, from 44°F to 56°F

operating at 65 feed of head and 65%

combined impeller and motor efficiency.

Condenser water pumps shall be sized using

a 10°F temperature rise, operating at 60 feet

of head and 60% combined impeller and

motor efficiency. The cooling tower shall be

an open circuit, centrifugal blower type sized

for the larger of 85°F leaving water

temperature or 10°F approach to design wet

bulb temperature. The tower shall be

controlled to provide a 65°F leaving water

temperature whenever weather conditions

permit, floating up to design leaving water

temperature at design conditions. Chilled

water supply temperature shall be reset in

accordance with § 434.518.

12. Hot water system shall include a

natural draft fossil fuel or electric boiler per

Note 8. The hot water pump shall be sized

based on a 30°F temperature drop, for 18°F

to 150°F, operating at 60 feet of head and a

combined impeller and motor efficiency of

60%. Hot water supply temperature shall be

reset in accordance with § 434.518.

517.5 Equipment Sizing and

Redundant Equipment. For calculating

the Energy Cost Budget of Prototype or

Reference Buildings, HVAC equipment

shall be sized to meet the requirements

of subsection 403.2.2, without using any

of the exceptions. The size of equipment

shall be that required for the building

without process loads considered.

Redundant or emergency equipment

need not be simulated if it is controlled

so that it will not be operated during

normal operations of the building. The

designer shall document the installation

of process equipment and the size of

process loads.

517.6 For calculating the Design

Energy Consumption, actual air flow

rates and installed equipment size shall

be used in the simulation, except that

excess capacity provided to meet

process loads need not be modeled

unless the process load was not

modeled in setting Energy Cost Budget.

Equipment sizing in the simulation of

the Proposed Design shall correspond to

the equipment actually selected for the

design and the designer shall not use

equipment sized automatically by the

simulation tool.

517.6.1 Redundant or emergency

equipment need not be simulated if it is

controlled to not be operated during

normal operations of the building.

§ 434.518 Service water heating.

518.1 The service water loads for

Prototype and Reference Buildings are

defined in terms of Btu/h per person in

Table 518.1.1, Service Hot Water

Quantities. The service water heating

loads from Table 518.1.1 are prescribed

assumptions for multi-family high-rise

residential buildings and default

assumptions for all other buildings. The

same service water heating load

assumptions shall be made in

calculating Design Energy Consumption

as were used in calculating the Energy

Cost Budget.

TABLE 518.1.1.—SERVICE HOT WATER

QUANTITIES

Building type Btu/personhour1

Assembly .................................. 215

Office ........................................ 175

Retail ......................................... 135

Warehouse ............................... 225

School ....................................... 215

Hotel/Motel ................................ 1110

Restaurant ................................ 390

Health ....................................... 135

Multi-family High Rise Residential .......................................... 2 1700

1This value is the number to be multiplied

by the percentage multipliers of the Building

Profile Schedules in Table 513.2.b. See Table

513.2.a for occupancy levels. 2Total hot water use per dwelling unit for

each hour shall be 3,400 Btu/h times the

multi-family high rise residential building SWH

system multiplier from Table 513.2.b.

518.2 The service water heating

system, including piping losses for the

Prototype Building, shall be modeled

using the methods of the RS–47

(incorporated by reference, see

§ 434.701) using a system that meets all

requirements of subsection 404. The

service water heating equipment for the

Prototype or Reference Building shall be

either an electric heat pump or natural

gas, or if natural gas is not available at

the site, #2 fuel oil. Exception: If electric

resistance service water heating is

preferable to an electric heat pump

when analyzed according to the criteria

of §434.404.1.4 or when service water

temperatures exceeding 145°F are

required for a particular application,

electric resistance water heating may be

used.

§ 434.519 Controls.

519.1 All occupied conditioned

spaces in the Prototype, Reference and

Proposed Design Buildings in all

climates shall be simulated as being

both heated and cooled. The

assumptions in this subsection are

prescribed assumptions. If the Proposed

Design does not include equipment for

cooling or heating, the Design Energy

Consumption shall be determined by

the specifications for calculating the

Energy Cost Budget as described in

Table 517.4.1 HVAC System Description

for Prototype and Reference Buildings.

Exceptions to 519.1 are as follows:

519.1.1 If a building is to be

provided with only heating or cooling,

both the Prototype or Reference

Building and the Proposed Design shall

be simulated, using the same

assumptions. Such an assumption

cannot be made unless the building

interior temperature meets the comfort

criteria of RS–2 (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701) at least 98% of

the occupied hours during the year.

519.1.2 If warehouses are not

intended to be mechanically cooled,

both the Energy Cost Budget and Design

Energy Consumption shall be modeled

assuming no mechanical cooling; and

519.1.3 In climates where winter

design temperature (97.5% occurrence)

is greater than 59°F, space heating need

not be modeled.

519.2 Space temperature controls for

the Prototype or Reference Building,

except multi-family high-rise residential

buildings, shall be set at 70°F for space

heating and 75°F for space cooling with

a deadband per subsection 403.2.6.3.

The system shut off during off-hours

shall be according to the schedule in

Table 515.2, except that the heating

system shall cycle on if any space

should drop below the night setback

setting of 55°F. There shall be no similar

setpoint during the cooling season.

Lesser deadband ranges may be used in

calculating the Design Energy

Consumption. Exceptions to 519.2 are as

follows:

(a) Setback shall not be modeled in

determining either the Energy Cost

Budget or Design Energy Cost if setback

is not realistic for the Proposed Design,

such as 24-hour/day operations. Health

facilities need not have night setback

during the heating season; and

60050 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

(b) Hotel/motels and multi-family

high-rise residential buildings shall

have a night setback temperature of 60°F

from 11:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. during the

heating season; and

(c) If deadband controls are not to be

installed, the Design Energy Cost shall

be calculated with both heating and

cooling thermostat setpoints set to the

same value between 70°F and 75°F

inclusive, assumed to be constant for

the year.

519.2.1 For multi-family buildings,

the thermostat schedule for the dwelling

units shall be as in Table 519.1.2,

Thermostat Settings for Multi-Family

High-rise Buildings. The Prototype

Building shall use the single zone

schedule. The Proposed Design shall

use the two-zone schedule only if zonal

thermostatic controls are provided. For

Proposed Designs that use heat pumps

employing supplementary heat, the

controls used to switch on the auxiliary

heat source during morning warm-up

periods shall be simulated accurately.

The thermostat assumptions for multifamily high-rise buildings are prescribed

assumptions.

519.3 When providing for outdoor

air ventilation in calculating the Energy

Cost Budget, controls shall be assumed

to close the outside air intake to reduce

the flow of outside air to 0 cfm during

setback and unoccupied periods.

Ventilation using inside air may still be

required to maintain scheduled setback

temperature. Outside air ventilation,

during occupied periods, shall be as

required by RS–41, (incorporated by

reference, see § 434.701) or the Proposed

Design, whichever is greater.

519.4 If humidification is to be used

in the Proposed Design, the same level

of humidification and system type shall

be used in the Prototype or Reference

Building. If dehumidification requires

subcooling of supply air, then reheat for

the Prototype or Reference Building

shall be from recovered waste heat such

as condenser waste heat.

TABLE 519.1.2.—THERMOSTAT SETTINGS FOR MULTI-FAMILY HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Time of day

Single zone dwelling unit Two zone dwelling unit

Heat Cool

Bedrooms/bathrooms Other rooms

Heat Cool Heat Cool

Midnight–6 a.m. ... 60 78 60 78 60 85

6 a.m.–9 a.m. ....... 70 78 70 78 70 78

9 a.m.–5 p.m. ....... 70 78 60 85 70 78

5 p.m.–11 p.m. ..... 70 78 70 78 70 78

11 p.m.–Midnight 60 78 60 78 60 78

§ 434.520 Speculative buildings.

520.1 Lighting. The interior lighting

power allowance (ILPA) for calculating

the Energy Cost Budget shall be

determined from Table 401.3.2a. The

Design Energy Consumption may be

based on an assumed adjusted lighting

power for future lighting improvements.

520.2 The assumption about future

lighting power used to calculate the

Design Energy Consumption must be

documented so that the future installed

lighting systems may be in compliance

with these standards. Documentation

must be provided to enable future

lighting systems to use either the

Prescriptive method or the Systems

Performance method of subsection

401.3.

520.3 Documentation for future

lighting systems that use subsection

401.3 shall be stated as a maximum

adjusted lighting power for the tenant

spaces. The adjusted lighting power

allowance for tenant spaces shall

account for the lighting power provided

for the common areas of the building.

520.4 Documentation for future

lighting systems that use subsection

401.3 shall be stated as a required

lighting adjustment. The required

lighting adjustment is the whole

building lighting power assumed in

order to calculate the Design Energy

Consumption minus the ILPA value

from Table 401.3.2c that was used to

calculate the Energy Cost Budget. When

the required lighting adjustment is less

than zero, a complete lighting design

must be developed for one or more

representative tenant spaces,

demonstrating acceptable lighting

within the limits of the assumed

lighting power allowance.

520.5. HVAC Systems and

Equipment. If the HVAC system is not

completely specified in the plans, the

Design Energy Consumption shall be

based on reasonable assumptions about

the construction of future HVAC

systems and equipment. These

assumptions shall be documented so

that future HVAC systems and

equipment may be in compliance with

these standards.

§ 434.521 The simulation tool.

521.1 Annual energy consumption

shall be simulated with a multi-zone,

8760 hours per year building energy

model. The model shall account for:

521.1.1 The dynamic heat transfer of

the building envelope such as solar and

internal gains;

521.1.2 Equipment efficiencies as a

function of load and climate;

521.1.3 Lighting and HVAC system

controls and distribution systems by

simulating the whole building;

521.1.4 The operating schedule of

the building including night setback

during various times of the year; and

521.1.5 Energy consumption

information at a level necessary to

determine the Energy Cost Budget and

Design Energy Cost through the

appropriate utility rate schedules.

521.1.6 While the simulation tool

should simulate an entire year on an

hour by hour basis (8760 hours),

programs that approximate this dynamic

analysis procedure and provide

equivalent results are acceptable.

521.1.7 Simulation tools shall be

selected for their ability to simulate

accurately the relevant features of the

building in question, as shown in the

tool’s documentation. For example, a

single-zone model shall not be used to

simulate a large, multi-zone building,

and a steady-state model such as the

degree-day method shall not be used to

simulate buildings when equipment

efficiency or performance is

significantly affected by the dynamic

patterns of weather, solar radiation, and

occupancy. Relevant energy-related

features shall be addressed by a model

such as daylighting, atriums or

sunspaces, night ventilation or thermal

storage, chilled water storage or heat

recovery, active or passive solar

systems, zoning and controls of heating

and cooling systems, and groundcoupled buildings. In addition, models

shall be capable of translating the

Design Energy Consumption into energy

cost using actual utility rate schedules

with the coincidental electrical demand

of a building. Examples of public

domain models capable of handling

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60051

such complex building systems and

energy cost translations available in the

United States are DOE—2.1C and

BLAST 3.0 and in Canada, Energy

Systems Analysis Series.

521.1.8 All simulation tools shall

use scientifically justifiable documented

techniques and procedures for modeling

building loads, systems, and equipment.

The algorithms used in the program

shall have been verified by comparison

with experimental measurements, loads,

systems, and equipment.

Subpart F—Building Energy

Compliance Alternative

§ 434.601 General.

601.1 This subpart provides an

alternative path for compliance with the

standards that allow for greater

flexibility in the design of energy

efficient buildings using an annual

energy use method. This path provides

an opportunity for the use of innovative

designs, materials, and equipment such

as daylighting, passive solar heating,

and heat recovery, that may not be

adequately evaluated by methods found

in Subpart D.

601.2 The Building Energy

Compliance Alternative shall be used

with subpart C and subpart D, 401.1,

401.2, 401.3.4 and in conjunction with

the minimum requirements found in

subsections 402.1, 402.2, and 402.3.,

403.1, 403.2.1–7, 403.2.9 and 404.

601.3 Compliance under this section

is demonstrated by showing that the

calculated annual energy usage for the

Proposed Design is less than or equal to

a calculated Energy Use Budget. (See

Figure 601.3, Building Energy

Compliance Alternative). The analytical

procedures in this subpart are only for

determining design compliance, and are

not to be used either to predict,

document or verify annual energy

consumption.

60052 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60053

601.4 Compliance under the

Building Energy Use Budget method

requires a detailed energy analysis,

using a conventional simulation tool, of

the Proposed Design. A life cycle cost

analysis shall be used to select the fuel

source for the HVAC systems, service

hot water, and process loads from

available alternatives. The Annual

Energy Consumption of the Proposed

Design with the life cycle cost-effective

fuel selection is calculated to determine

the modeled energy consumption,

called the Design Energy Use.

601.5 The Design Energy Use is

defined as the energy that is consumed

within the five foot line of a proposed

building per ft2 over a 24-hour day, 365-

day year period and specified operating

hours. The calculated Design Energy

Use is then compared to a calculated

Energy Use Budget.

601.6 Compliance. The Energy Use

Budget is determined by calculating the

annual energy usage for a Reference or

Prototype Building that is configured to

comply with the provisions of Subpart

E for such buildings, except that the fuel

source(s) of the Prototype or Reference

Building shall be the same life cycle

cost-effective source(s) selected for the

Proposed Design. If the Design Energy

Use is less than or equal to the Energy

Use Budget then the proposed design

complies with these standards.

601.7 This section provides

instructions for determining the Design

Energy Use and for calculating the

Energy Use Budget. The Energy Use

Budget is the highest allowable

calculated annual energy consumption

for a specified building design.

Designers are encouraged to design

buildings whose Design Energy Use is

lower than the Energy Use Budget.

§ 434.602 Determination of the annual

energy budget.

602.1 The Energy Use Budget shall be

calculated for the appropriate Prototype

or Reference Building in accordance

with the procedures prescribed in

subsection 502 with the following

exceptions: The Energy Use Budget

shall be stated in units of Btu/ft2/yr and

the simulation tool shall segregate the

calculated energy consumption by fuel

type producing an Energy Use Budget

for each fuel (the fuel selections having

been made by a life cycle cost analysis

in determining the proposed design).

602.2 The Energy Use Budget is

calculated similarly for the Reference or

Prototype Building using equation

602.2.

EUB EUB xf EUB xf xf Equation 6 =+ + 11 2 2 i . . . . .+ EUB 02.2 i

Where EUB1, EUB2, EUBi are the

calculated annual energy targets for

each fuel used in the Reference or

Prototype building and f1, f2, . . . fi are

the energy conversion factors given in

Table 602.2, Fuel Conversion Factors for

Computing Design Annual Energy Uses.

In lieu of case by case calculation of the

Energy Use Budget, the designer may

construct Energy Use Budget tables for

the combinations of energy source(s)

that may be considered in a set of

project designs, such as electric heating,

electric service water, and gas cooling or

oil heating, gas service water and

electric cooling. The values in such

optional Energy Use Budget tables shall

be equal to or less than the

corresponding Energy Use Budgets

calculated on a case by case basis

according to this section. Energy Use

Budget tables shall be constructed to

correspond to the climatic regions and

building types in accordance with

provisions for Prototype or Reference

Building models in subpart E of this

part.

TABLE 602.2.—FUEL CONVERSION FACTORS, FOR COMPUTING DESIGN ANNUAL ENERGY USES

Fuels Conversion factor

Electricity .................................................................................................. 3412 Btu/kilowatt hour.

Fuel Oil ..................................................................................................... 138,700 Btu/gallon.

Natural Gas .............................................................................................. 1,031,000 Btu/1000 ft2.

Liquified Petroleum (including Propane and Butane) .............................. 95,5000 Btu/gallon.

Anthracite Coal ......................................................................................... 28,300,000 Btu/short ton.

Bituminous Coal ....................................................................................... 24,580,000 Btu/short ton.

Purchase Steam and Steam from Central Plants .................................... 1,000 Btu/Pound.

High Temperature or Medium Temperature Water from Central Plants Use the heat value based on the water actually delivered at the building five foot line.

Note: At specific locations where the energy source Btu content varies significantly from the value presented above then the local fuel value

may be used provided there is supporting documentation from the fuel source supplier stating this actual energy value and varifying that this

value will remain consistent for the foreseeable future. The fuel content for fuels not given this table shall be determined from the best available

source.

§ 434.603 Determination of the design

energy use.

603.1 The Design Energy Use shall

be calculated by modeling the Proposed

Design using the same methods,

assumptions, climate data, and

simulation tool as were used to establish

the Energy Use Budget, but with the

design features that will be used in the

final building design. The simulation

tool used shall segregate the calculated

energy consumption by fuel type giving

an annual Design Energy Use for each

fuel. The sum of the Design Energy Uses

multiplied by the fuel conversion

factors in Table 602.2 yields the Design

Energy Use for the proposed design:

DEU DEU xf DEU xf xf Equation 6 =+ + 11 2 2 i . . . .+ DEU 03.1 i

Where f1, f2, * * * fi are the fuel

conversion factors in Table 602.2.

603.2 Required Life Cycle Cost

Analysis for Fuel Selection

603.2.1 Fuel sources selected for the

Proposed Design and Prototype or

Reference buildings shall be determined

60054 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

by considering the energy cost and other

costs and cost savings that occur during

the expected economic life of the

alternative.

603.2.2 The designer shall use the

procedures set forth in subpart A of 10

CFR part 436 to make this

determination. The fuel selection life

cycle cost analysis shall include the

following steps:

603.2.2.1 Determine the feasible

alternatives for energy sources of the

Proposed Design’s HVAC systems,

service hot water, and process loads.

603.2.2.2 Model the Proposed Design

including the alternative HVAC and

service water systems and conduct an

annual energy analysis for each fuel

source alternative using the simulation

tool specified in this section. The

annual energy analysis shall be

computed on a monthly basis in

conformance with subpart E with the

exception that all process loads shall be

included in the calculation. Separate the

output of the analysis by fuel type.

603.2.2.3 Determine the unit price of

each fuel using information from the

utility or other reliable local source.

During rapid changes in fuel prices it is

recommended that an average fuel price

for the previous twelve months be used

in lieu of the current price. Calculate the

annual energy cost of each energy

source alternative in accordance with

procedures in subpart E for the Design

Energy Cost. Estimate the initial cost of

the HVAC and service water systems

and other initial costs such as energy

distribution lines and service

connection fees associated with each

fuel source alternative. Estimate other

costs and benefits for each alternative

including, but not necessarily limited

to, annual maintenance and repair,

periodic and one time major repairs and

replacements and salvage of the energy

and service water systems. Cost

estimates shall be prepared using

professionally recognized cost

estimating tools, guides and techniques.

603.2.2.4 Perform a life cycle cost

analysis using the procedure specified

in subsection 603.2.

603.2.2.5 Compare the total life cycle

cost of each energy source alternative.

The alternative with the lowest total life

cycle cost shall be chosen as the energy

source for the proposed design.

§ 434.604 Compliance.

604.1 Compliance with this section is

demonstrated if the Design Energy Use

is equal to or less than the Energy Use

Budget.

DEU EUB Equation 6 < 04.1

604.2 The energy consumption shall

be measured at the building five foot

line for all fuels. Energy consumed from

non-depletable energy sources and heat

recovery systems shall not be included

in the Design Energy Use calculations.

The thermal efficiency of fixtures,

equipment, systems or plants in the

proposed design shall be simulated by

the selected calculation tool.

§ 434.605 Standard Calculation Procedure.

605.1 The Standard Calculation

Procedure consists of methods and

assumptions for calculating the Energy

Use Budgets for Prototype and

Reference Buildings and the Energy Use

for the Proposed Design. In order to

maintain consistency between the

Energy Use Budgets and the Design

Energy Use, the input assumptions

stated in subsection 510.2 are to be

used.

605.2 The terms Energy Cost Budget

and Design Energy Cost or Design

Energy Consumption used in subpart E

of this part correlate to Energy Use

Budget and Design Energy Use,

respectively, in subpart F of this part.

§ 434.606 Simulation tool.

606.1 The criteria established in

subsection 521 for the selection of a

simulation tool shall be followed when

using the compliance path prescribed in

subpart F of this part.

§ 434.607 Life cycle cost analysis criteria.

607.1 The following life cycle cost

criteria applies to the fuel selection

requirements of this subpart and to

option life cycle cost analyses

performed to evaluate energy

conservation design alternatives. The

fuel source(s) selection shall be made in

accordance with the requirements of

subpart A of 10 CFR part 436. When

performing optional life cycle cost

analyses of energy conservation

opportunities the designer may use the

life cycle cost procedures of subpart A

of 10 CFR part 436 or OMB Circular 1–

94 or an equivalent procedure that

meets the assumptions listed below:

607.1.1 The economic life of the

Prototype Building and Proposed Design

shall be 25 years. Anticipated

replacements or renovations of energy

related features and systems in the

Prototype or Reference Building and

Proposed Design during this period

shall be included in their respective life

cycle cost calculations.

607.1.2 The designer shall follow

established professional cost estimating

practices when determining the costs

and benefits associated with the energy

related features of the Prototype or

Reference Building and Proposed

Design.

607.1.3 All costs shall be expressed

in current dollars. General inflation

shall be disregarded. Differential

escalation of prices (prices estimated to

rise faster or slower than general

inflation) for energy used in the life

cycle cost calculations shall be those in

effect at the time of the latest ‘‘Annual

Energy Outlook’’ (DOE/EIA–0383) as

published by the Department of

Energy’s Energy Information

Administration.

607.1.4 The economic effects of taxes,

depreciation and other factors not

consistent with the practices of subpart

A of 10 CFR part 436 shall not be

included in the life cycle cost

calculation.

Subpart G—Reference Standards

§ 434.701 General.

701.1 General. The standards,

technical handbooks, papers,

regulations, and portions thereof, that

are referred to in the sections and

subsections in the following list are

hereby incorporated by reference into

this part 434. The following standards

have been approved for incorporation

by reference by the Director of the

Federal Register in accordance with 5

U.S.C. 522(a) and 1 CFR part 51. A

notice of any change in these materials

will be published in the Federal

Register. The standards incorporated by

reference are available for inspection at

the Office of the Federal Register, 800

North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 700,

Washington, DC and the U.S.

Department of Energy, Office of Energy

Efficiency, Hearings and Dockets,

Forrestal Building, 1000 Independence

Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585.

The standards may be purchased at the

addresses listed at the end of each

standard. The following standards are

incorporated by reference in this part:

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60055

Ref. No. Standard designation CFR section

RS–1 ............................................... ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1–1989, Energy Efficient Design of New

Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, and Addenda

90.1b–1992, 90.1c–1993, 90.1d–1992, 90.1e–1992, 90.1f–1995,

90.1g–1993, 90.1i–1993, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., ASHRAE 1791 Tullie

Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329.

434.301.1; 434.402.1.2.4;

434.402.4.2; 434.403.2.1.

RS–2 ............................................... ANSI/ASHRAE 55–1992 including addenda 55a–1995, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, American Society of

Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791

Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329.

434.301.2; 434.519.1.1.

RS–3 ............................................... NEMA MG1–1993, ‘‘Motors and Generators,’’ Revision No. 1, December 7, 1993, National Electrical Manufacturers Association,

1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209.

434.401.2.1.

RS–4 ............................................... ASHRAE, Handbook, 1993 Fundamentals Volume, American Society

of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.,

1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329.

434.402.1.1; 434.402.1.2.1;

434.402.1.2.2; 434.402.1.2.4;

434.402.2.2.5.

RS–5 ............................................... ASTM C 177–85 (Reapproved 1993), Test Method for Steady-State

Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by

Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus, American Society for

Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

434.402.1.1; 434.402.1.2.1;

434.402.1.2.2.

RS–6 ............................................... ASTM C 518–91, Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat

Flow Meter Apparatus, American Society for Testing and Materials,

1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

434.402.1.1; 434.402.1.2.1; Table

402.1.2.2; Table 403.2.9.2.

RS–7 ............................................... ASTM C 236–89 (Reapproved 1993), Test Method for Steady-State

Thermal Performance of Building Assemblies by Means of a

Guarded Hot Box, American Society for Testing and Materials,

1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

434.402.1.1; 434.402.1.2.1;

434.402.1.2.2.

RS–8 ............................................... ASTM C 976–90, Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building

Assemblies by Means of a Calibrated Hot Box, American Society

for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA

19103.

434.402.1.1; 434.402.1.2.1;

434.402.1.2.2.

RS–9 ............................................... Report TVAHB–3007, 1981, ‘‘Thermal Bridges in Sheet Metal Construction’’ by Gudni Johannesson. Lund Institute of Technology,

Lund, Sweden.

434.402.1.2.3.

RS–10 ............................................. ASTM E 283–91, Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under

Specified Pressure Difference Across the Specimen, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA

19103.

434.402.2; 434.402.2.1.

RS–11 ............................................. ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S.2–97, Voluntary Specifications for Aluminum, Vinyl (PVC) and Wood Windows and Glass Doors, American Architectural Manufacturers Association, 1827 Walden Office

Square, Suite 104, Schaumburg, IL 60173–4628.

434.402.2.1; 434.402.2.2.4.

RS–12 ............................................. ASTM D 4099–95, Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride)

(PVC) Prime Windows/Sliding Glass Doors, American Society for

Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

434.402.2.1.

RS–13 ............................................. ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S.2–97, Voluntary Specifications for Aluminum, Vinyl (PVC) and Wood Windows and Glass Doors, National Wood Window and Door Association (formerly the National

Woodwork Manufacturers Association), 1400 East Toughy Avenue,

Suite 470, Des Plaines, IL 60018.

434.402.2.1.

RS–14 ............................................. ANSI/NWWDA I.S.3–95, Wood Sliding Patio Doors, National Wood

Window and Door Association (formerly the National Woodwork

Manufacturers Association), 1400 East Toughy Avenue, Suite 470,

Des Plaines, IL 60018.

434.402.2.2.1.

RS–15 ............................................. ARI Standard 210/240–94, Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source

Heat Pump Equipment 1994. Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 425, Arlington, VA 22203.

434.403.1.

RS–16 ............................................. ARI Standard 340/360–93, Commercial and Industrial Unitary AirConditioning and Heat Pump Equipment 1993 edition. Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Suite

425, Arlington, VA 22203.

434.403.1.

RS–17 ............................................. ARI 310/380–93, Packaged Terminal Air-Conditioners and Heat

Pumps, 1993 edition. Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute,

4301 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 425, Arlington, VA 22203.

434.403.1.

RS–18 ............................................. NFRC 100–97, Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Thermal Properties, National Fenestration Rating Council, Inc., 1300

Spring Street, Suite 500, Silver Spring, MD 20910.

434.402.1.2.4.

RS–19 ............................................. NFRC 200—Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar

Heat Gain Coefficients at Normal Incidence (1995) National Fenestration Rating Council, Inc., 1300 Spring Street, Suite 500, Silver

Spring, MD 20910.

434.402.1.2.4.

60056 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations

Ref. No. Standard designation CFR section

RS–20 ............................................. RESERVED.

RS–21 ............................................. Z21.47–1993, Gas-Fired Central Furnaces, including addenda

Z21.47a–1995, American Gas Association, 400 North Capitol

Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001.

434.403.1.

RS–22 ............................................. U.L. 727, including addendum dated January 30, 1996, Oil-Fired

Central Furnaces (Eighth Edition) 1994, available from: Global

Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112–5704,

Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, IL 60062, 1994..

434.403.1.

RS–23 ............................................. ANSI Z83.9–90, Including addenda Z83.9a–1992, Gas-Fired Duct

Furnaces, 1990. (Addendum 90.1b) available from: Global Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112–5704.

434.403.1.

RS–24 ............................................. ANSI Z83.8–96, Gas Unit Heater and Gas-Fired Duct Furnaces,

American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New

York, NY 10036.

434.403.1.

RS–25 ............................................. U.L. 731, Oil-Fired Unit Heaters (Fifth Edition) 1995 available from:

Global Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO

80112–5704, Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, IL 60062.

434.403.1.

RS–26 ............................................. CTI Standard–201, Standard for the Certification of Water-Cooling

Towers Thermal Performance, November 1996, Cooling Tower Institute, P.O. Box 73383, Houston, TX 77273.

434.403.1.

RS–27 ............................................. ARI Standard 320–93, Water-Source Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioning

and Refrigeration Institute, 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA

22203.

434.403.1.

RS–28 ............................................. ARI Standard 325–93, Ground Water-Source Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203.434.403.1.

RS–29 ............................................. ARI Standard 365–94, Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-Conditioning Condensing Units, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203.434.403.1.

RS–30 ............................................. ARI Standard 550–92, Centrifugal and Rotary Screw Water-Chilling

Packages, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4301 North

Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203.

434.403.1.

RS–31 ............................................. ARI Standard 590–92, Positive Displacement Compressor WaterChilling Packages, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute,

4301 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203.

434.403.1.

RS–32 ............................................. ANSI Z21.13–1991, including addenda Gas-Fired Low-Pressure

Steam and Hot Water Boilers, Addenda Z21.13a–1993 and Z21–

13b–1994, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd

Street, New York, NY 10036.

434.403.1.

RS–33 ............................................. ANSI/U.L. 726 (7th edition, 1995), Oil-Fired Boiler Assemblies, available from: Global Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood,

CO 80112–5704, Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, IL 60062.

434.403.1.

RS–34 ............................................. HVAC Duct Construction Standards—Metal and Flexible, 2nd edition,

1995, Sheet Metal and Air-Conditioning Contractors’ National Association, Inc., 4201 Lafayette Center Drive, Chantilly, VA 20151.

434.403.2.9.3.

RS–35 ............................................. HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual, 1st edition, 1985, Sheet Metal

and Air-Conditioning Contractors’ National Association, Inc., 4201

Lafayette Center Drive, Chantilly, VA 20151.

434.403.2.9.3; 434.403.1.

RS–36 ............................................. Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards, 6th edition, 1992, Sheet

Metal and Air-Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc.,

4201 Lafayette Center Drive, Chantilly, VA 20151.

434.403.2.9.3.

RS–37 ............................................. RESERVED.

RS–38 ............................................. ANSI Z21.56–1994, Gas-Fired Pool Heaters; Addenda Z21.56a–

1996, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,

New York, NY 10036; American Gas Association, 1515 Wilson

Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209.

Table 404.1.

RS–39 ............................................. ANSI Z21.10.3–1993, Gas Water Heaters, Volume III, Storage with

Input Ratings above 75,000 Btu’s per Hour, Circulating and Instantaneous Water Heaters, American National Standards Institute, 11

West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036; American Gas Association, 1515 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209.

Table 404.1; 434.404.1.1.

RS–40 ............................................. ANSI/AHAM RAC–1–1992, Room Air Conditioners, Association of

Home Appliance Manufacturers, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago,

IL 60606.

434.403.1.

RS–41 ............................................. ASHRAE Standard 62–1989, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air

Quality, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1791 Tulle Circle, Atlanta, GA 30329.

434.403.2.4; 434.403.2.8;

434.519.3.

RS–42 ............................................. ANSI Z21.66–1996, Automatic Vent Damper Devices for Use with

Gas-Fired Appliances, available from: Global Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112–5704..

434.404.1.

RS–43 ............................................. NEMA MG 10–1994, Energy Management Guide for Selection and

Use of Polyphase Motors, National Electric Manufacturers Association, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North

17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209.

434.401.2.1.

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 195 / Friday, October 6, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 60057

Ref. No. Standard designation CFR section

RS–44 ............................................. NEMA MG 11–1977 (Revised 1982, 1987, Energy Management

Guide for Selection and Use of Single-Phase Motors, National

Electrical Manufacturers Association, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn,

VA 22209.

434.401.2.1.

RS–45 ............................................. ARI Standard 330–93, Ground-Source Closed-Loop Heat Pumps, AirConditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4301 North Fairfax Drive,

Arlington, VA 22209.

434.403.1.

RS–46 ............................................. ARI Standard 560–92, Absorption Water Chilling and Water Heating

Packages, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4301 North

Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22209.

434.403.1.

RS–47 ............................................. ASHRAE, Handbook, HVAC Applications; I–P Edition, 1995, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329.434.518.2.

[FR Doc. 00–17120 Filed 10–5–00; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6450–01–P