Additions to Revisions of

the Blenniid Fish Genera

Ecsenius and Entomacrodus, with

Descriptions of Three

New Species of Ecsenius

VICTOR G. SPRINGER

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 134
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INTERNATIONAL BOOK YEAR • 1972
SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 13 4

Additions to Revisions of

the Blenniid Fish Genera

Ecsenius and Entomacrodus^ with

Descriptions of Three

New Species of Ecsenius

Victor G. Springer

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1972
ABSTRACT

Springer, Victor G. Additions to Revisions of the Blenniid Fish Genera Ecsenius

and Entomacrodus, with Descriptions of Three New Species of Ecsenius. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 184, 13 pages, 8 figures, 1972.—New

distribution records and supplemental data on species of Ecsenius and Entomacrodus are given with reference to recent revisions of these genera by Springer

(1967, 1971). Three new species of Ecsenius are described and illustrated:

Ecsenius (Ecsc?iius) collettei, from New Guinea, Ecsenius (Ecsenius) fourmanoiri,

from New Caledonia, and Ecsenius (Ecsenius) trilincatus from the Banda Sea

and New Guinea. A revised key to the species of Ecsenius is provided.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Springer, Victor Gruschka, 1928-

Additions to revisions of the blenniid fish genera Escenius and Entomacrodus.

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 131)

Bibliography: p.

I. Ecsenius. 2. Entomacrodus. I. Title-. II. Scries: Smithsonian Institution.

Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 134

OL1.S54 no. 134 [QL638.B6] 591'.08s [597'..r>8] 72-3785

lor sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Priming Office

Washington, D.C. 2<MO2 - Price 30 cents (paper cover)
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Genus Ecsenius McCulloch 1

Ecsenius (Anthiiblennius) midas Starck 1

Ecsenius pulcher species group . 1

Ecsenius (Ecsenius) yaeyamaensis (Aoyagi) 2

Ecsenius (Ecsenius) trilineatus, new species 2

Ecsenius (Ecsenius) oculus Springer 4

Ecsenius (Ecsenius) opsifrontalis Chapman and Schultz 4

Ecsenius (Ecsenius) fourmanoiri, new species . . . 5

Ecsenius (Ecsenius) collettei, new species 6

Revised Key to the Subgenera and Species of Ecsenius 8

Genus Entomacrodus Gill 10

Entomacrodus decussatus (Bleeker) 10

Entomacrodus epaheocheilus (Bleeker), E. niuafoouensis (Fowler),

and E. ran.dalli Springer 11

Entomacrodus rofeni Springer 12

Entomacrodus vomerinus (Valenciennes), E. textilis (Quoy and

Gaimard), E. cadenati Springer, and E. nigricans Gill 12

Entomacrodus sealei Bryan and Herre 13

Entomacrodus caudofasciatus (Regan) ... 13

Entomacrodus thalassinus (Jordan and Seale) 13

Literature Cited 13

Additions to Revisions of

the Blenniid Fish Genera

Ecsenius and Entomacrodus, with

Descriptions of Three

New Species of Ecsenius

Victor G. Springer

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to describe three

new species of Ecsenius McCulloch and to present

significant new distributional records and information on species of Ecsenius and Entomacrodus

Gill that have come to my attention since publication of my revisions of these two genera (Springer, 1967, 1971).

In reporting data I have followed the methods

used in the two studies mentioned above.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—I wish to extend my appreciation to P. Fourmanoir, New Caledonia, }. E.

Randall, Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM), C. R.

Robins and W. F. Smith-Vaniz, University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric

Sciences (UMML), and J. C. Tyler, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP), for calling my

attention to new material and for the loan of specimens.

Other institutional abbreviations used herein are

for the National Museum of Natural History,

Smithsonian Institution (USNM), Australian Museum, Sydney (AMS), and Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN).

Victor G. Springer, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D.C. 20560.

Genus Ecsenius McCulloch

Ecsenius (Anthiiblennius) midas Starck

Six specimens (BPBM 10866, 29.2-67.3 mm SL)

collected by J. E. Randall at Ua Pou, Marquesas

Islands, represent an eastward range extension of

approximately 65° of longitude for this species

over that reported by me (1971). The species now

has the greatest range of any species of Ecsenius,

and is the only one known to occur west of Tonga.

I (1971) reported the following caudal vertebral

counts for E. midas: Red Sea, 27 (4 specimens);

Indian Ocean 28—29 (6 specimens); Great Barrier

Reef, 27—28 (2 specimens). The Marquesas specimens have 28-29 caudal vertebrae, similar to the

Indian Ocean specimens. Apparently, caudal vertebral count is variable with population.

Ecsenius pulcher species group

In the graph showing the relationship between

longest caudal fin-ray length as percent standard

length against standard length (Springer, 1971: 26,

fig. 11), the symbols for males and females were

transposed (should be open symbols for females

and solid symbols for males), and the open rectangle at coordinates 35 percent, 58 mm, should be

solid.

1
Ecsenius (Ecsenius) yaeyamaensis (Aoyagi)

New locality records for this species are Madang

Harbour, New Guinea (USNM 205706, 33.3 mm

SL) and Ceylon (USNM 206381, 9 specimens, 21.9-

33.4 mm SL; USNM 206382, 16 specimens, 28.5-

47.0 mm SL; USNM 206383, 8 specimens, 24.6-31.4

mm SL; and several other uncataloged lots). Both

the New Guinea and Ceylon specimens exhibit

the most common color pattern for this species

(Springer, 1971, fig. 27). Fin-ray, vertebral and

tooth counts for these specimens are within the

ranges of those I reported.

The Ceylon specimens are of interest because

they represent the westernmost records of E. yaeyamaensis and the first records from the Indian

Ocean. Ceylon is very near Addu Atoll, Maldive

Islands, the easternmost known occurrence of the

closely related E. nalolo. These two species are distinguishable only in that E. nalolo has a single dark

stripe on the fleshy pectoral fin base and E. yaeyamaensis has a Y-shaped mark in the same area.

There are no islands between Ceylon and the Maldives, where one might look for transitional populations. Inasmuch as only one specimen of E.

nalolo is known from the Maldives, additional

specimens from that area will be necessary to determine whether a transitional population exists.

If so, E. nalolo should be recognized only as a subspecies of E. yaeyamaensis.

I (1971) reported a single specimen of E. yaeyamaensis from the Banda Sea. This specimen had a

unique striped pattern (Springer, 1971, fig. 29) not

found in the other specimens available to me. Additional material of this striped form from New

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Guinea, together with a sympatric specimen of E.

yaeyamaensis with the typical color pattern, has

caused me to re-examine the status of the striped

form, which I describe below as a new species, E.

trilineatus.

Ecsenius (Ecsenius) trilineatus, new species

FIGURE 1

Ecsenius yaeyamaensis (Aoyagi).—Springer, 1971:32 [in part].

DESCRIPTION.—Dorsal fin XII, 14-15 (only 1 of

7 specimens XII, 15); anal fin II, 16-17; pectoral

fin 13 (1 of 7 specimens with 14 rays on 1 side

only); segmented caudal fin rays 13; dorsal procurrent caudal fin rays 6-8; ventral procurrent caudal fin rays 7; total caudal fin elements 26-28; lower jaw incisor teeth 43—46; lower jaw posterior

canines 1, each side; vertebrae 10-f-22—23; epipleural ribs 12—13; lateral line with no paired

pores, extending posteriorly to below level of 10th—

12th dorsal fin spine; dorsal fin notched eightninths to nine-ninths length first dorsal fin ray;

third, innermost, pelvic fin ray obvious; one cirrus

on rim of each anterior nostril. (For proportions

see Table 1.)

COLOR PATTERN (males and females).—Most noticeable mark on head a dark stripe extending from

midupper portion of opercle ventroanteriorly to

underside of head, ceasing before meeting similar

stripe from other side. Discontinuous dark spot may

appear anterior to anterior end of stripe. Scattered

dark spots present or absent on side of head, other

markings on head diffuse, irregular. Three dark,

longitudinal stripes on body; dorsalmost beginning

FIGURE I.—Ecsenius (Ecsenius) trilineatus, USNM 202477, male, 26.6 mm SL, Banda Sea.

[Drawn by S. L. Chambers.]
NUMBER 134

TABLE 1.—Selected counts and measurements (percent SL) from specimens of

Ecsenius trilineatus, nexo species

Characters

Sex

Dorsal fin

Anal fin

Pectoral fins

Caudal fin rays

Segmented

Dorsal procurrent

Ventral procurrent

Vertebrae .

Epipleural ribs

Mandibular incisors

Dorsal fin notch

 2

Lateral line 3

Standard length (mm)

3rd dorsal fin spine

Last dorsal fin spine

5 th dorsal fin ray

Longest caudal fin ray

Nasal cirrus

USNM

205705 1

male

XII, 14

11,16

14-13

13

8

7

10+23

13

43

0

12

25.6

12.9

0.8

15.6

22.6

3.1

USNM

206378

male

XII, 14

11,17

13-13

13

7

7

10+22

12

45

_

12

26.2

13.4

1.1

22.9

3.4

USNM

206378

male

XII, 14

II, 16

13-13

13

7

7

10+22

13

44

9

11

27.2

13.2

0.7

15.1

22.0

2.9

USNM

206378

female

XII, 15

11,17

13-13

13

7

7

10+23

13

45

9

12

26.9

12.4

0.7

14.5

22.3

3.0

USNM

205703

male

XII.14

11,16

13-13

13

6

7

10+22

13

43

9

10

25.9

12.4

0.8

_

23.2

3.9

USNM

205704

female

XII, 14

11,16

13-13

13

7

7

10+22

13

44

10

27.0

11.9

0.7

12.2

20.0

2.2

USNM

202477

male

XII, 14

11,16

13-13

13

_

10+22

46

8

12

26.6

13.2

0.8

13.9

22.6

2.3

1

 Holotype.

' Given as nearest ninth of first segmented dorsal fin ray length.

3

 Given as dorsal fin spine under which latt-ral line terminates.

just anterior to dorsal fin origin, continuing on

dorsal body contour, ending in region of anterior

third of rayed portion of dorsal fin; middle stripe

beginning at dorsal end of gill opening, continuing

to caudal fin base; posterior third of middle stripe

usually appearing as series of dark dashes and spots

with diffuse extension of posteriormost spot onto

caudal fin rays; ventralmost stripe beginning in

area covered by appressed pectoral fin, continuing

posteriorly similarly to middle stripe. One specimen exhibited about nine diffusely dusky, vertical

bands crossing stripes. Fleshy pectoral fin base

with two short stripes, which may extend onto fin

rays basally; stripes separate for entire length. Posterior portion of dorsal fin with dusky distal edging.

Anal fin with narrow subterminal dark or dusky

stripe over entire length; other fins, except as noted,

immaculate or bearing diffusely dusky marks.

RELATIONSHIPS.—E. trilineatus is a member of

the E. yaeyamaensis species group, and appears to

belong to the E. oculus subgroup (see relationships

under Ecsenius fourmanoiri). E. irilinealus keys

closest to E. oculus and E. yaeyamaensis in my 1971

key (Springer, 1971:10-12). It can be differentiated

from both of these species by the presence of two

nonconverging stripes on the fleshly pectoral fin

base. To determine that the two stripes are separate

for their entire lengths may necessitate raising the

gill cover, which overlaps the anterior end of the

fin base.

REMARKS.—In the material list for E. yaeyamaensis (see Springer, 1971:33), I reported on a single

poorly preserved specimen, now identifiable as E.

trilineatus, from the Banda Sea. While I noted

that the color pattern of this specimen was different

from all other specimens of E. yaeyamaensis I believed that it probably represented on'y a variant

population of that species. In one of the New

Guinea collections made by B. B. Collette both

E. yaeyamaensis and E. trilineatus were taken together, thus providing evidence that the two forms

represent different species. The locality, Banda

Sea, was tentatively assigned the specimen of E.

trilineatus based on information provided in the

appendix to my paper. The new material of E.

trilineatus from the Trobriand Islands and Madang
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Harbor, New Guinea, near the Banda Sea, provides

evidence in support ot the Banda Sea locality (on

my 1971 distribution map, figure 2, the symbol for

E. yaeyamaensis in the Banda Sea refers to the

Banda Sea specimen of E. trilineatus).

HOLOTVPE.-USM 205705, male, 25.6 mm SL,

New Guinea, Trobriand Islands, off Towai Pt.,

NW pt. Kiriwina Island, 0-7.6 m, collected by B. B.

Collette, et al., 8 June 1970.

PARATYPES.-USNM 206378, 2 males and female,

26.2-27.2 mm SL, taken with the holotype; USNM

205703, male, 25.9 mm SL, Briwadi Island, Trobriand Islands, 1.5-7.6 m, collected by B. B. Collette,

et al., 9 June 1970; USNM 205704, female, 27.0 mm

SL, Massas Island, Madang Harbor, New Guinea,

10.7-13.7 m, collected by B. B. Collette, et al., 26

May 1970; USNM 202477, male, 26.6 mm, presumably Banda Sea (Banda or Amboina), collected by

W. H. Longley.

ETYMOLOGY.—Named trilineatus in reference to

the characteristic three longitudinal stripes on the

body.

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL.—A single specimen,

BPBM 12122, male, 26.2 mm SL, from Eiate, New

Hebrides, is tentatively identified as E. trilineatus.

This specimen differs somewhat in color pattern

from that described for the typical specimens.

Dusky spots are present anteriorly in the position

of the two ventral body stripes. The spots intensify

posteriorly and are similar to those in typical specimens. The two stripes on the pectoral fin base and

the stripe on the opercle are only diffusely represented, but are identifiable. There is a narrow

dusky stripe running most of the length of the

dorsal fin just distal to the base of the fin, and

there is a distal dusky edging on the rayed portion

of the fin. Other markings and characters (meristic,

proportional, qualitative) are closely similar to

those of the typical specimens. In view of the differences noted I hestitate to designate this specimen as a paratype of E. trilineatus.

Ecsenius (Ecsenins) ocuhis Springer

Recent collections from the Trobriand Islands,

New Guinea (USNM 206431, 9 specimens, 26.6-

37.1 mm SL), and Viti Levu, Fiji (BPBM 11270, 3

specimens, 34.2-44.5 mm SL) represent noteworthy

new locality records for this species. Both localities

are west of the Andesite Line, which I considered

as the eastern distribution limit for the species.

The localities are both from south of the equator,

from where I had few specimens, and counts for

segmented dorsal and anal fin rays, caudal vertebrae, and dentary incisor teeth fit well into the

clinal pattern (see Springer, 1971:61, table 18).

The counts for the recent material are as follows:

Locality

New Guinea

Fiji

Dorsal

rays

13 14

9 -

Caudal

vertebrae

Anal

rays

15 16 21 22 23

9 - 17 -

— 3 — — 3

Incisor

teeth

50 51 52 53 54

5 12- 1

- 2 - - 1

Color pattern for the Fijian specimens is most

similar to that which I reported for New Hebrides

specimens: dorsal and ventral rows of dark spots

are present on the body. The ventral row of spots

is absent in the New Guinea specimens and the

dorsal row is on the dorsal body contour, almost

forming saddles as I described for the single Palau

Island specimen.

Ecsenius (Ecsenius) opsifrontalis

Chapman and Schultz

Three specimens, ANSP 114789, 25.5-39.1 mm

SL, collected at a depth of 24.4-27.4 m, northern

Escape Reef, Great Barrier Reef, represent an important range extension for this species. These

specimens represent the first records of E. opsifrontalis from west of the Andesite Line, which I

(1971:8) believed to be the western distribution

limit of this species. The range of E. opsifrontalis

is now known to overlap that of its closest relative,

E. oculus, which is known only from areas west of

the Andesite Line. All specimens of E. opsifrontalis

reported by me (1971:37) were collected from shallow depths, less than 8 m.

The present specimens all have 14 segmented

dorsal fin rays (an exceptional count for other

specimens); two have 16 and one has 17 segmented

anal fin rays (16 is an exceptional count for other

specimens and none have as many as 17); and two

have 10-f 22 and one has 10 + 23 vertebrae (10+22

is the modal count for the other specimens and

none have as many as 10+23).
NUMBER 134

Ecsenius (Ecsenius) fourmanoiri, new species

FIGURE 2

DESCRIPTION.—Dorsal fin XII, 14—15; anal fin II,

17; pectoral fin 13; segmented caudal fin rays 13;

dorsal procurrent caudal fin rays 7—8; ventral procurrent caudal fin rays 6—7; total caudal fin elements 26—28; lower jaw incisor teeth 47; lower jaw

posterior canines 1, each side; vertebrae 10+23;

epipleural ribs 12—13; lateral line with no paired

pores, extending posteriorly to below level of 10th—

12th dorsal fin spine; dorsal fin notched sevenninths to eight-ninths length of first dorsal fin ray;

third, innermost pelvic fin ray obvious; one cirrus

on rim of each anterior nostril. (For proportions

see Table 2).

COLOR PATTERN (males only known).—Dark stripe

extending from posterior margin of eye along body

to well out on caudal fin. Dark stripe beginning

along anterior dorsal body contour, extending posteriorly into basal portion of rayed portion of

dorsal fin. Dark stripe on lower side of body beginning in area below midspinous dorsal fin, extending posteriorly well out on caudal fin where

it and stripe just dorsal to it coalesce. About 7-10

slender, vertical, dusky bars connecting longitudinal stripes on body, resulting in segregation of pale

spots on side of body. Dark stripe on fleshy pectoral fin base extending onto basal portion of

pectoral fin rays. Dark stripe margining opercle,

continuing ventroanteriorly, meeting similar stripe

from other side on ventral side of head. Dark spot

anteriorly on underside of lower jaw. Anal fin

with broad dark stripe extending entire fin length;

anal fin immaculate basally.

RELATIONSHIPS.—Ecsenius fourmanoiri is a member of the yaeyamaensis species group (Springer,

1971:13). Within this group it appears to be most

closely related to the species of the oculus subgroup

comprising E. oculus, E. opsifrontalis, and E.

trilineatus. E. fourmanoiri is somewhat intermediate between E. oculus and E. opsifroritalis. E. oculus has two dark spots on the body at the caudal

fin base. The spots decrease in intensity as they

extend out on the caudal fin (Springer, 1971, fig.

13). E. fourmanoiri has the two main body stripes

intensifying slightly at the caudal fin base and decreasing in intensity as they extend onto the caudal

fin. Because of this color pattern E. fourmanoiri

could possibly key to E. oculus in my 1971 key.

The spots on the caudal fin base and fin are at best

faintly represented in E. opsifrontalis and are

FIGURE 2.—Ecsenius (Ecsenius) fourmanoiri, BPBM 11416, holotype, male, 48.8 mm SL, New

Caledonia (insert shows ventral view of head). [Drawn by J. R. Schroeder.]
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 2.—Selected counts and measurements (percent SL) from specimens of Ecsenius fourmanoiri,

new species

Characters

Sex

Dorsal fin

Anal fin

Pectoral fins

Caudal fin rays

Segmented

Dorsal

procurrent

Ventral

procurrent

Vertebrae

Epipleural ribs

Mandibular incissors

Dorsal fin notch2

Lateral line *

Standard

length (mm)

3rd dorsal

fin spine

Last dorsal

fin spine

5th dorsal fin ray

Longest caudal

fin ray

Nasal cirrus

BPBM

11416*

male

XII, 15

11,17

12-13

13

7

6

10+23

12

47

8

11

48.8

13.5

1.0

16.0

24 6

4.9

USNM

206456

male

XII, 15

11,17

13-13

13

8

7

10+23

13

47

8

12

39.4

15.2

1.5

16.0

26 4

5.6

MNHN

1971-134

male

XII, 15

11,17

13-13

13

7

6

10+23

13

47

8

12

44.3

15.8

1.4

16.9

2*-14. J 0

4.7

MNHN

1971-134

male

XII.15

11,17

13-13

13

8

7

10+23

13

47

7

10

39.8

15.6

2.3

16.8

4.0

1

 Holotype.

2

 Given as nearest ninth of first segmented dorsal fin ray

length.

' Given as dorsal fin spine under which lateral line terminates.

Aside from color pattern, E. fourmanoiri differs

from E. oculus and E. trilineatus in having fewer

teeth (in 47 available specimens of E. oculus,

mandibular tooth counts ranged from 47—64, with

only one specimen having 47 teeth; tooth counts

in E. trilineatus rahge from 43—46 and in E. opsifrontalis from 43-50). It differs from E. opsifrontalis in having 33 vertebrae (31-32, rarely 33, in

E. opsifrontalis) and 17 anal fin rays (14-16, rarely

17, in E. opsifrontalis), and from E. trilineatus in

having a longer nasal cirrus (2.2-3.9 percent SL in

E. trilineatus). Although there are too few specimens of E. trilineatus available to conclude definitely, it appears that E. trilineatus and E. opsifrontalis attain a much smaller maximum size than

do the other two species (E. oculus, 53.8 mm; E.

opsifrontalis, 39.1 mm; E. fourmanoiri, 48.8 mm;

E. trilineatus, 27.0 mm).

HOLOTYPE.-BPBM 11416, male, 48.8 mm SL,

New Caledonia, outside barrier reef off Noumea,

1 km NW of Dumbea Pass, rotenone at 15.1—

18.3 m, collected by J. E. Randall, et al., 14 August

1971.

PARATYPES.-USNM 206456, male, 39.4 mm SL,

collected with the holotype; MNHN 1971-134, 2

males, 39.8-44.3 mm SL, near locality of holotype,

but depth 5 m, collected by M. Michel, 22 May

1971.

ETYMOLOGY.—Named in honor of P. Fourmanoir

of New Caledonia, who obtained the first specimens of the species and recognized that it was

undescribed.

faintly to well represented, but relatively smaller,

in E. trilineatus. The striped and barred color

pattern of E. fourmanoiri is different from the dark

spotted pattern of E. oculus and the striped pattern of E. trilineatus, but is very similar to, although much more strongly emphasized than, that

found in E. opsifrontalis (Springer, 1971, fig. 32).

The discrete stripe on the fleshy pectoral fin base

of E. fourmanoiri is absent in E. opsifrontalis and

only diffusely represented in some specimens of

E. oculus. E. trilineatus has two stripes on the

fleshy pectoral fin base. The four species agree in

having a deeply notched dorsal fin, greatly reduced

13th dorsal fin spine and a relatively far posterior

termination of the lateral line.

Ecsenius (Ecsenius) collettei, new species

FIGURE 3

DESCRIPTION.—Dorsal fin XII, 14—15; anal fin II,

16; pectoral fin 13; segmented caudal fin rays 13;

dorsal procurrent caudal fin rays 7—8; ventral procurrent caudal fin rays 7-8; total caudal fin elements 27-28; lower jaw incisor teeth 45-50; lower

jaw posterior canines 1, each side; vertebrae

10-4-21—22; epipleural ribs 12-14; lateral line with

no paired pores, extending posteriorly to below

8th—10th dorsal fin spine; dorsal fin notched eightninths to nine-ninths length first dorsal fin ray;

third, innermost, pelvic fin ray varying from obvious to reduced and obscured; one cirrus on each

anterior nostril. (For proportions see Table 3.)
NUMBER 134

COLOR PATTERN (males and females).—Side of

head with one or two small dark spots near posterior margin of orbit, larger spot on dorsal portion

of opercle; underside of head plain dusky or with

two elongate, curved dark marks, each with or

without slightly disjunct dark spot just anterior.

Sides of body with two longitudinal rows of dark

spots, 10—11 spots in upper row, 6—9 in lower row;

rows may continue to caudal base or terminate on

caudal peduncle with dark spot at midcaudal base

between rows. Fleshy pectoral fin base dusky dorsally, paler ventrally. Rayed portion of dorsal fin

with suprabasal dusky stripe; other fins varying

from immaculate to dusky.

RELATIONSHIPS.—Ecsenius collettei is a member

of the proocidis subgroup of the yaeyamaensis species group (Springer, 1971:13). The four species

of this subgroup (E. prooculis, E. biamaculatus,

E. bandan.us, E. collettei) differ from each other

only in particulars of their strikingly different color

patterns (see key; the three previously described

species are illustrated in Springer, 1971, figs. 33-

35).

REMARKS.—In my discussion of the species of the

prooculis subgroup (Springer, 1971:39) I noted

that the distribution of the three species then

known correlated well with zoogeographic patterns

exhibited by terrestrial organisms, based on the

biogeographical subdivisions of the islands of the

tropical western Pacific Ocean (Thome, 1963:322).

I predicted that additional species in the prooculis

subgroup could be expected if the distributions

of the three known species were indicative. The

distribution of E. collettei furnishes additional

support for Thome's subdivisions. E. collettei occurs in the Papuan Province of the Papuan Subregion of the Oriental Region.

In breaking the Oriental (tropical) Region of

the western Pacific into separate biotic areas,

Thorne divided the region into subregions, provinces, and districts. Not all provinces were broken

into districts. The four species of the prooculis

subgroup occur in three different subregions. E.

bandan.us and E. collettei occur in different provinces of one subregion (no districts indicated for

the provinces); E. prooculis occurs in both the districts of one province of another subregion; and

E. bimaculatus occurs in one of the four districts

of one of the provinces of the third subregion.

Based on the fact that there remain other subregions, provinces and districts from which no

member of the prooculis subgroup is known, one

can continue to expect undescribed species of the

subgroup to appear in the future.

FIGURE 3.-Ecsenius (Ecsenius) collettei, USN\f 206380, male, 33.0 mm SL, Krankett Island,

Madang Harbour, New Guinea (insert shows ventral view of head). [Drawn by J. R. Schroeder.]
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 3.—Selected counts and measurements (percent SL) from specimens of

Ecsenius collettei, new species

Characters

Sex

Dorsal fin

Anal fin

Pectoral fins

Caudal fin rays

Segmented

Dorsal procurrent

Ventral procurrent

Vertebrae ..

Epipleural ribs

Mandibular incisors

Dorsal fin notch

 2

Lateral line"

Standard length (mm)

3rd dorsal fin spine

Last dorsal fin spine

5th dorsal fin ray

Longest caudal fin ray

Nasal cirrus

USNM

206379»

male

XII, 14

11,16

13-13

13

7

7

10-|-22

14

49

8

8

29.7

15.5

2.0

18.8

47.0

1.0

USNM

206380

male

XI, 14

11,16

13-13

13

8

8

10-f21

14

48

8

8

33.0

14.2

1.2

18.2

37.6

2.1

USNM

205701

male

XII, 15

11,16

13-13

13

7

7

10+22

13

45

8

8

21.6

15.3

3.2

16.7

25.6

2.8

USNM

205702

female

XII, 14

11,16

13-13

13

8

7

10+22

13

46

9

8

29.7

13.5

1.3

14.8

20.5

1.7

USNM

205702

male

XII, 14

11,16

13-13

13

7

7

10+21

12

50

8

10

31.7

16.1

1.9

18.3

29.3

1.9

1

 Holotype.

2

 Given as nearest ninth of first segmented dorsal fin ray length.

3

 Given as dorsal fin spine under which lateral line terminates.

HOLOTYPE.-USNM 206379, male, 29.7 mm SL,

New Guinea, bay in Krankett Island, Madang

Harbour, 1.6-8.2 m, collected by B. B. Collette,

et al., 30 May 1970.

PARATYPES.-USNM 206380, male, 30.0 mm SL,

taken with the holotype; USNM 205701, male,

21.6 mm SL, New Guinea, south end of Beliau

Island, Madang Harbour, New Guinea, 0-6.6 m,

collected by B. B. Collette, et al., 22 May 1970;

USNM 205702, male and female, 29.7-31.7 mm

SL, New Guinea, inlet on harbor side of Krankett

Island, 0-3.3 m, collected by B. B. Collette, et al.,

23 May 1970.

ETYMOLOGY.—Named for Bruce B. Collette,

whose New Guinea collections of fishes provided

many important blenniid specimens, including

those described above.

Revised Key to the Subgenera and Species of Ecsenius

1. Anterior canines in lower jaw obvious, more than twice size of adjacent incisoriform teeth;

total incisoriform teeth + anterior canines in lower jaw 13-16; total teeth in upper jaw

26—34; caudal forked (Springer, 1971, fig. 12); mid-predorsal pore of supratemporal

series in advance of level of posterior orbital margin; pseudobranchial filaments

6-12; dorsal + ventral procurrent caudal rays 18—20; epipleural ribs 22-25; postcleithra consisting of two well-separated ossifications, dorsalmost much reduced (subgenus Anthiiblennius) E. midas (Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Pacific)

Anterior canines in lower jaw rarely obvious, when obvious only slightly larger than adjacent

incisoriform teeth; total incisoriform teeth + anterior canines in lower jaw 30-64; total

teeth in upper jaw 97-148; caudal not forked, but often with produced rays on dorsal and

ventral lobes (Springer, 1971, figs. 15, 19, 20); mid-predorsal pore of supratemporal series

well posterior to level of posterior orbital margin; pseudobranchial filaments 5-8 (rarely

8); dorsal + ventral procurrent rays 10-18; epipleural ribs 11-17; postcleithra consisting

of two subequal articulating ossifications (subgenus Ecsenius) 2
NUMBER 134

2. Total posterior canines in lower jaw 7-15 (2-8 on each side)

E. mandibularis (eastern Australia)

Total posterior canines in lower jaw 0-3 (usually 1 on each side) 3

3. Segmented dorsal rays 12-15; segmented anal rays 13-17; vertebrae 29-33 4

Segmented dorsal rays 15-20 (only 2 of 252 specimens of bicolor with 15); segmented anal

rays 17-23 (only 1 of 258 specimens of E. bicolor with 17); vertebrae 33-39 (2 of 4 specimens of stigmatura and 9 of 234 specimens of E. bicolor with 33) 14

4. Dark spot extending well anteriorly from anus (Springer, 1971, fig 26); dorsal fin notched

three-ninths to five-ninths length of first dorsal ray; last dorsal spine 6 to 10 percent SL;

incisoriform teeth in lower jaw 30-37; segmented anal rays 13-14; caudal vertebrae 19-

20; total vertebrae 29-30 E. Iwidinalis (Pacific)

No dark spot extending anteriorly from anus (occasionally black lining of gut protrudes

slightly through anus giving appearance of dark ring); dorsal fin notched seven-ninths to

nine-ninths length of first dorsal ray; last dorsal spine 0.4-3.1 percent SL (one specimen

of 35 of E. oculus had length 4.6 percent); incisoriform teeth in lower jaw 41-64; segmented anal rays 14-17 (1 of 45 specimens of E. opsifrontalis with 14); caudal vertebrae

21-23; total vertebrae 31-33 5

5. Two dark spots, more than half orbital diameter, at caudal fin base extending with little,

if any, decrease in intensity well out on caudal fin (Springer, 1971, fig 31)

E. oculus (Pacific)

Dark spots at caudal fin base, if present, smaller than half orbital diameter, decreasing

greatly in intensity if extending on caudal fin (two dark body stripes of E. founnanoiri

extend well out on caudal fin without decreasing in intensity) 6

6. Fleshy pectoral fin base marked with distinct dark bar, stripes or Y-shaped mark 7

Fleshy pectoral fin base variably dusky, without distinct dark marks or stripes 10

7. Fleshy pectoral fin base with a single dark stripe 8

Fleshy pectoral fin base with two dark stripes or dark Y-shaped mark 9

8. Segmented anal fin rays 17; color pattern on body consists of lengthwise dark stripes and

vertical dark or dusky bars E. fourmanoiri, new species (New Caledonia)

Segmented anal fin rays 14-17 (17 in less than 2 percent of specimens); color pattern on

body consists of pale spots on dusky background; some dark lengthwise marks on body in

region of pectoral fin E. nalolo (Red Sea, Indian Ocean)

9. Fleshy pectoral fin base with two more or less parallel, dark stripes; side of body with two

parallel dark stripes anteriorly continuing as rows of spots or dashes posteriorly; third

dark stripe variably present anteriorly on dorsal body contour; dorsal fin notched more

than eight-ninths length of first dorsal segmented ray; last dorsal spine less than 1.2

percent SL E. trilineatus, new species (Banda Sea, New Guinea)

Fleshy pectoral fin base with Y-shaped dark mark; body marked variably, without distinct

dark stripes; dark spots when present posteriorly not continuous from dark marks

anteriorly on body; dorsal fin notched seven-ninths to eight-ninths length of first dorsal

segmented ray; last dorsal spine usually more than 1.9 percent SL

E. yaeyatnaensis (Indian Ocean, Pacific)

10. Lateral line extending posteriorly to below level of 1 lth—12th (usually 12th) dorsal fin

spine; segmented dorsal fin rays 13-14; segmented anal fin rays 14-17 (usually 15 or 16);

nasal cirrus 2.3-5.9 percent SL E. opsifrontalis (Pacific)

Lateral line extending posteriorly to below level of 8th-10th (rarely 10th) dorsal fin spine;

segmented dorsal fin rays 14-15 (usually 14); segmented anal fin rays 15-16 (usually 16);

nasal cirrus 1.1-1.9 percent SL 11

11. Body with two longitudinal rows of dark spots on each side

E. collettei, new species (New Guinea)

Body variably marked; plain, with only two dark spots, or with alternating pale and

dark stripes 12

12. Two dark spots on side of body in area covered by appressed pectoral fin

£. bimaculatus (Borneo)

Body without dark spots 13

13. Body with alternating dark and pale stripes .... E. prooculis (New Georgia, New Britain)

Body without distinct marks E. bandanus (Banda Sea)
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

14. Dark spot extending anteriorly from anus (Springer, 1971, figs. 24-25); dark stripe originating at ventral margin of orbit extending posteriorly across head E. stigmatura (Pacific)

No dark spot in region of anus; dark stripe extending posteriorly across head, if present,

originating at mid-postorbital level 15

15. Anterior nostril with cirri on both anterior and posterior margins; segmented caudal rays

14 (rarely 13); lateral line usually with several vertical pairs of pores beginning anteriorly 16

Anterior nostril with cirrus on posterior margin only; segmented caudal rays 13 (rarely 14

in E. frontalis and in some juveniles of other species under 25 mm SL); lateral line of

simple pores only (rarely with a vertical pair at origin) 17

16. Dorsal rays 15-18; dorsal fin notched two-ninths to seven-ninths length of first dorsal ray

(usually four-ninths or more); last dorsal spine 2.5-6.9 percent SL; lateral line with vertical pairs of pores for one-third to all its length (rarely less than one-half); a dark spot

on paler background on anterior dorsal fin; pseudobranchial filaments usually 6; upper

nasal cirrus length usually more than 4.9 percent SL

E. bicolor (Pacific and Indian Oceans)

Dorsal rays 18-20 (rarely 18); dorsal fin unnotched; last dorsal spine 11.0-15.9 percent SL;

lateral line with vertical pairs of pores, if present, rarely occupying more than anterior

two-fifths its length; dorsal fin entirely black, occasionally with some obscure longitudinal

stripes anteriorly; pseudobranchial filaments usually 7; upper nasal cirrus length not

more than 4.8 percent SL E. namiyei (Pacific)

17. Dorsal fin without a notch; last dorsal spine 10.7-20.8 percent SL; pectoral rays 14-16 (14

in 5 of 89 specimens) E. frontalis (Red Sea;

Gulf of Tadjourah; see Springer, 1971:15-20, for distinct color pattern forms.)

Dorsal fin with a notch; last dorsal spine 2.2-7.0 percent SL; pectoral rays 13-15 (15 in 5

of 87 specimens) 18

18. Dorsal spines 12; pectoral rays 13 (14 in 1 of 12 specimens); body at about midlevel with a

longitudinal dark stripe, either continuous or as a series of dark bars, extending length

of body and entering caudal fin basally E. lineatus (Pacific and Indian Oceans)

Dorsal spines 12-14 (12 in 9 of 201 specimens); pectoral rays 13-15 (13 in 2 of 176 specimens); body without a broad dark stripe (occasionally with a slender stripe on dorsal

fourth of body, ceasing well anterior to caudal base) 19

19. Mid-distal half of at least spinous dorsal fin black or with black spots in interradial membrane; dorsal and ventral lobes of caudal fin darker than remainder; usually several small

dark spots on posterior third of body; usually a narrow, black longitudinal stripe on

dorsoanterior portion of body E. gravieri (Red Sea; Bay of Tadjourah)

Mid-distal half of dorsal fin not noticeably marked; dorsal and ventral lobes of caudal not

darker than remainder of caudal; no black spots or longitudinal stripes on body (body

uniformly dark, with a dark spot at caudal base, or with posterior half pale with irregular,

vertical dark bars) 20

20. Dorsal rays 17 or 18; anal rays 19 or 20; nasal cirrus 1.0—3.9 percent SL; dorsal fin notched

seven-ninths to nine-ninths (usually eight-ninths) length of first dorsal ray, body uniformly dark with a darker spot at caudal base E. aroni (Red Sea)

Dorsal rays 18-20; anal rays 19-23 (rarely 19 or 20); nasal cirrus 3.0-7.9 percent SL; dorsal

fin notched five-ninths to eight-ninths (rarely eight-ninths) length of first dorsal ray;

body uniformly dark or posterior half pale with vertical dark bars

E. pulcher (Persian Gulf and northern Arabian Sea)

Genus Entomacrodus Gill illustration of the species is adequate for identification. The type-locality of 5. kikaiensis, Kikai

Entomacrodus decussatus (Bleeker) Island, Riu Kiu Islands, represents a northward

range entension for E. decussatus, which I previSalarias kikaiensis Aoyagi (1954) is a junior ously reported only from as far north as the Philipsynonym of E. decussatus that I missed in my En- pine Islands (Springer, 1967, fig. 5). There are also

tomacrodus revision (Springer, 1967). Although a considerable number of uncataloged USNM specithe location of the holotype is unknown, Aoyagi's mens of E. decussatus from Taiwan and Okinawa
NUMBER 134 11

(also Riu Kiu Islands, but south of Kikai).

Seven specimens of E. decussatus (AMS 1.11810—

12, 6 specimens, 46.5-96.0 mm SL; AMS 1.11972,

129 mm SL) from Murray Island, Torres Strait,

represent a new locality record of interest for the

species. Murray Island is about midway in the

wide distribution gap between the eastern and

western populations of E. decussatus (Springer,

1967, fig. 5). The island also indicates the possible

pathway by which the Pacific Ocean populations

of E. decussatus invaded western Australia (Indian

Ocean). E. decussatus is otherwise known only

from the Pacific Ocean (but has not yet been reported from northern or eastern Australia).

Entomacrodus epalzeocheilus (Bleeker)

E. niuajoouensis (Fowler) and E. randalli Springer

Springer (1967) considered E. epalzeocheilus to

be an Indian Ocean species with an extralimital

population at Samoa. Its closest relative, E.

niuajoouensis, was considered to be a western Pacific, peripherally distributed species with an extralimital population at Madagascar. I proposed

that the extralimital populations of both species

were either relicts from when the species were more

widespread or represented populations of the dominant species in each area (Pacific, Indian Ocean)

that were convergent upon the species in the other

area. Little alteration of either species would be

necessary to confuse it with the other. The main

character for separating the two species was the

presence of palmate nuchal cirri in E. epalzeocheilus and simple nuchal cirri in E. niuajoouensis. Secondary characters, with broad overlap,

were numbers of lip crenulae and gill-rakers.

In 1968, I collected in southwestern Taiwan, an

island geographically intermediate between the

areas from which I reported the main distributions

of E. epalzeocheilus and E. niuafootiensis. In each

of two collections I obtained specimens of both

species, based on the nuchal cirrus characters (one

E. niuajoouensis, USNM 206394, 88.7 mm SL, and

two E. epalzeocheilus, USNM 206392, 75.0-85.8

mm SL in one collection, and three E. niuajoouensis, USNM 206391, 44.6-53.5 mm SL, and six E.

epalzeocheilus, USNM 206390, 68.7-87.3 mm SL,

in the other). Besides nuchal cirri and gill-rakers,

there were no noticeable differences by which the

specimens could be separated. The four specimens

of E. niuajoouensis had 25, 22, 22, and 17 gillrakers; of the eight E. epalzeocheilus, five had 18

gill-rakers and three had 19.

One might expect that two closely related species

would be most distinct in areas where they occur

together. Apparently this is not the case with these

two species, which are no more distinguishable

when their Taiwan populations are compared than

when their allopatric populations are compared

(except for the extralimital population of E.

niuafoouensis at Madagascar, which has very long

orbital cirri). It is quite possible that the two

species are really one and that the nuchal cirri

differences separating them are merely indications

of simple genetic dominance where the homozygous dominant and heterozygous allelic conditions

produce one type nuchal cirrus and the homozygous recessive condition, another. In this scheme

the supposed extralimital population of each type

would merely represent a simple mutant of the

dominant population in each area that had become established at a highly restricted locality.

The genes controlling the numbers of gill-rakers

are possibly linked to those controlling the manifestation of the nuchal cirri.

Smitli (1966) reported Entomacrodus epalzeocheilos (sic) from Zululand, the only record for

the African coast.

Springer (1967) believed that the Marquesas

Island endemic Entomacrodus randalli and E.

niuajoouensis were derived from the same ancestral

species. E. randalli was distinguished from E.

niuajoouensis in having a single pore before each

anterior nostril and spots on the upper lip, whereas E. riiuafoouensis had two or more pores before

each anterior nostril and stripes on the upper lip.

Recent collections of E. niuajoouensis from Pitcairn

Island (BPBM uncataloged, 7 adults, 32.2-91.0 mm

SL, and several tentatively identified young, 18.5—

22.8 mm SL) and Henderson Island (BPBM uncataloged, 2 adults 64.0-80.9 mm SL) indicate that

specimens from these islands typically have only

one pore before each nostril. Hence, only the color

pattern of the upper lip serves to distinguish these

two species at the easternmost extremity of their

range.

The Pitcairn and Henderson island specimens

of E. niuafoouensis will key to the couplet sepa-
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

rating E. randalli from E. sealei (see Springer,

1967:35). The lip stripes of E. niuafoonensis will

serve to distinguish that species from both E.

randalli and the few aberrant specimens of E.

sealei, for which this couplet was meant to accommodate (see Note in Springer, 1967:35).

Entomacrodus rofeni Springer

Springer (1967:86) described E. rofeni from

Raroia, Tuamotu Archipelago. Recent collections

extend the range of this species eastward to Ducie

Island (BPBM uncataloged, 9 specimens, 45.0—

51.3 mm SL) and Henderson Island (BPBM uncataloged, 46.3 mm SL).

All the specimens have faint lip stripes; four lack

vomerine teeth; five have a single tooth and one,

two teeth on the vomer. The predorsal commissural pores range from 3-7. Two specimens have

34 vertebrae and eight have 35. Three specimens

have 17 segmented anal fin rays (method A,

Springer 1967:5) and seven have 18.

All specimens available to me in 1967 were

smaller than those reported above, and all had only

three predorsal commissural pores.

Entomacrodus vomerinus (Valenciennes), E. textilis

(Quoy and Gaimard), E. cadenati Springer,

and E. nigricans Gill

Springer (1967) differentiated E. vomerinus from

the other Atlantic species of Entomacrodus on details of color pattern and its usually having more

vertebrae and segmented dorsal and anal fin rays.

The species was reported as occurring only along

the coast of Brazil (from Natal to Bahia) and at

Fernando de Noronja island (03°50'S,32°25'W). A

recent collection of specimens was obtained by the

University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine

and Atmospheric Sciences (UMML) from St. Peter

and St. Paul Rocks (00°56'N; 29°22'W). These

specimens represent an interesting range extension

for the species, as well as exhibiting differences in

certain meristic characters from mainland Brazil

specimens (Table 4). The Fernando de Noronja

specimens also exhibit similar differences. Inasmuch as additional material to that which I reported for E. textilis (endemic to Ascension and

St. Helena islands) is also available, and I gave no

breakdown on the most important meristic characters for the Atlantic species of Entomacrodus,

I report these frequencies in Table 4 (data from

specimens of E. nigricans from the Caribbean and

Florida, of E. vomerinus from Brazil, and E.

cadenati from all localities are lumped, as sublocalities showed no noticeable variation on inspection).

NEW MATERIAL.—E. vomerinus, St. Peter and

St. Paul, UMML 26523 (11 specimens, 21.0-42.0

mm SL); E. textilis, Ascension, USNM 205839-

205841 (258 specimens, 16.6-66.2 mm SL); St.

Helena, USNM 206388 (49 specimens, 23.2-80.4

mm SL).

TABLE 4.—Frequency distributions for numbers of vertebrae and segmented dorsal and anal fin rays in the

Atlantic Ocean species of Entomacrodus

Species and locality

E. nigricans

Bermuda

Caribbean & Florida

E. vomerinus

Brazil

Fernando Noronja

St. Peter & St. Paul

E. textilis

Ascension

St. Helena

E. cadenati

Eastern Atlantic

33

1

2

3

1

Vertebrae

34

11

66

5

2

1

52

41

42

35 36

1

57 5

6

11

1

1

Dorsal

13 14

12

1 233

15

17

19

Fin

15

40

225

12

4

9

54

83

71

Rays

16 17

1

96 9

5

3

1

2

Anal Fin

14 15

3 23

1

4

11

1

16

47

407

2

2

5

64

70

58

Rays

17 18

6

24

89 25

7

7

33
NUMBER 134

Entomacrodus sealei Bryan and Herre

A specimen (USNM 206400, 38.0 mm SL) of

this species from Madang Harbor, New Guinea,

represents a new locality record for the species.

The specimen is atypical in having several narrow,

dusty stripes alternating with pale interspaces of

about equal width on the upper lip. The typical

pattern, which consists of broad, dusky bands alternating with pale pinstripes, is ordinarily diagnostic

for the species. Additional specimens from New

Guinea would be desirable in order to determine

if the lip pattern is indicative of a distinct population.

Ten specimens from Pitcairn Island (BPBM

uncataloged, 41.6-61.2 mm SL) represent a westward range extension for the species.

Entomacrodus caudofasciatus (Regan)

In my 1967 (pp. 134-135) revision I described

five different color pattern types for this species.

Each of the color pattern types, except number 4,

was found to be restricted to a particular geographic area. No two color pattern types were

found to occur sympatrically. Additional specimens

of pattern number 3 (Waigeo, New Britain, New

Georgia) are now available from New Guinea

(USNM 206385, Trobriand Islands, 11 specimens

21.2-37.2 mm SL; USNM 206386, Madang, 7 specimens, 34.8-50.0 mm SL) and the New Hebrides

(AMS 1.14308, 2 specimens, ca. 41-45.8 mm SL).

The New Hebrides specimens extend the number 3

pattern type considerably southward. In my description of the number 3 pattern I mentioned that

there were no stripes on the upper lip. Several of

the new specimens show traces of such stripes.

Several specimens with color pattern number 4

(South China Sea, McKean, Swains, Tutuila, Tau,

and Tongatapu islands) from Taiwan represent a

slightly northern range extension for this color

pattern type (USNM 206384, 3 specimens, 42.8-

43.9 mm SL; USNM 206387, 11 specimens, 35.6-

58.4 mm SL; USNM 206398, 7 specimens, 44.5-61.4

mm SL).

Recent collections of E. caudofasciatus from

Ducie Island (BPBM uncataloged, 2: 31.5-35.1 mm

SL) and Pitcairn Island (BPBM uncataloged, 9:

40.5—55.0 mm SL) represent a westward range extension for color pattern number 5, formerly reported only for Tahiti, Makatea, Rarotonga and

Raroia.

Entomacrodus thalassinus (Jordan and Seale)

The following specimens are range extensions

for the subspecies of E. thalassinus:

E. t. thalassinus: Ceylon, USNM 206399 (12

specimens, 19.0—36.6 mm SL); One Tree Island,

Great Barrier Reef, USNM 201366 (30.8 mm SL);

Trobriand Islands, New Guinea, USNM 206406

(23.6 mm SL).

E. t. longicirrus Springer: Southwest tip of Taiwan, USNM 206393, 206395, 2063% (6 specimens

28.6-34.8 mm SL).

E. t. thalassinus and E. t. longicirrus were differentiated by me on the basis of relative supraorbital

cirrus lengths. E. t. longicirrus was reported only

from Thailand, Viet Nam, and Hong Kong. All

specimens from outside these South China Sea

localities belonged to the nominal subspecies. The

specimens here reported from Taiwan, a locality

somewhat intermediate between the South China

Sea and the other areas, are of interest because they

are also somewhat intermediate on the basis of

relative supraorbital cirrus lengths: four of the

specimens fall at the lower end of the range of E. t.

longicirrus for relative cirrus lengths and two fall

within the range of E. t. thalassinus.

Literature Cited

Aoyagi, H.

1954. Additional Notes on the New and Rare Fishes of the

Family Blenniidae from the Riu-Kiu Islands.

Dobulsugaku Zasshi, 63 (6):231—243 [Japanese with

English summary].

Smith, J L. B.

1966. Interesting Fishes from South Africa. Rhodes University, Department of Ichthyology, Occasional Paper, 8:83-94.

Springer, V. G.

1967. Revision of the Circumtropical Shorefish Genus Entomacrodus (Blenniidae: Salariinae). Proceedings of

the United States National Museum, 122 (3582):1—

150.

1971. Revision of the Fish Genus Ecsenius (Blenniidae,

Blenniinac, Salariini). Smithsonian Contributions to

/.oology, 72:1-74.

Thome, R. F.

1963. Biotic Distribution Patterns in the Tropical Pacific.

Pages 311-350, in Pacific Basin Biogeogfaphy, edited

by J. L. Gressitt. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press.



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In synonymy, use the short form (taxon, author, date:page) with a full reference at the

end of the paper under "Literature Cited." Begin each taxon at the left margin with subsequent lines indented about three spaces. Within an entry, use a period-dash (.—) to separate

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