### 1 ************************************************************************************************************ ************************************************************************************************************ National Survey Version_NR_Tests.docx Author: Abt Associates Inc. Created: 6/7/12 Updated: 7/5/12 Purpose: This file presents output from SAS code which compares characteristics of respondents to the National version of the 316(b) stated preference survey to survey non-respondents. Tests include the Student T-test, Mann-Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon Test), and Chi-Squared Test of Proportions. Results were used in developing model weights. ************************************************************************************************************ ************************************************************************************************************

### 2 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version - T-test for Age ************************************************************************************************** The TTEST Procedure Variable: age sample N Mean Std Dev Std Err Minimum Maximum main 275 54.1673 15.6977 0.9466 21.0000 89.0000 nonresponse 80 53.1625 18.7275 2.0938 19.0000 86.0000 Diff (1 - 2) 1.0048 16.4244 2.0864 sample Method Mean 95% CL Mean Std Dev 95% CL Std Dev main 54.1673 52.3037 56.0308 15.6977 14.4862 17.1320 nonresponse 53.1625 48.9949 57.3301 18.7275 16.2078 22.1822 Diff (1 -2) Pooled 1.0048
- 3.0985 5.1081 16.4244 15.2971 17.7324 Diff (1 -2) Satterthwaite 1.0048
- 3.5476 5.5571

Method Variances DF t Value Pr > |t| Pooled Equal 353 0.48 0.6304 Satterthwaite Unequal 113.23 0.44 0.6627

Equality of Variances Method Num DF Den DF F Value Pr > F Folded F 79 274 1.42 0.0408

### 3

### 4 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Gender ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable gender

Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of

Scores Expected Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 79 15773.0 14141.0 693.811906 199.658228 main 278 48130.0 49762.0 693.811906 173.129496

Average scores were used for ties. Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test Statistic 15773.0000
Normal Approximation Z 2.3515 One -Sided Pr > Z 0.0093 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.0187
t Approximation One -Sided Pr > Z 0.0096 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.0192 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal -Wallis Test Chi -Square 5.5330 DF 1 Pr > Chi- Square 0.0187

### 5

### 6 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Gender ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by gender

sample gender

male female Total main 168

47.06 60.43 82.35 110

30.81 39.57 71.90 278

77.87

nonresponse 36

10.08 45.57 17.65 43

12.04 54.43 28.10 79

22.13

Total 204

57.14 153

42.86 357

100.00

Statistics for Table of sample by gender Statistic DF Value Prob Chi -Square 1 5.5485 0.0185 Likelihood Ratio Chi -Square 1 5.5004 0.0190 Continuity Adj. Chi- Square 1 4.9582 0.0260 Mantel - Haenszel Chi -Square 1 5.5330 0.0187 Phi Coefficient 0.1247 Contingency Coefficient 0.1237 Cramer's V 0.1247

Fisher's Exact Test Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 168 Left-sided Pr <= F 0.9933 Right-sided Pr >= F 0.0132
Table Probability (P) 0.0066 Two-sided Pr <= P 0.0207
Sample Size = 357

### 7 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Employment ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable employ

Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of

Scores Expected Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 79 14335.50 13983.0 679.461988 181.462025 main 274 48145.50 48498.0 679.461988 175.713504

Average scores were used for ties. Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test Statistic 14335.5000
Normal Approximation Z 0.5181 One -Sided Pr > Z 0.3022 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.6044
t Approximation One -Sided Pr > Z 0.3024 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.6047 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal -Wallis Test Chi -Square 0.2691 DF 1 Pr > Chi- Square 0.6039

### 8

### 9 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Employment ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by employ

sample employ

employed unemployed Total main 165

46.74 60.22 78.57 109

30.88 39.78 76.22 274

77.62

nonresponse 45

12.75 56.96 21.43 34

9.63 43.04 23.78 79

22.38

Total 210

59.49 143

40.51 353

100.00

Statistics for Table of sample by employ Statistic DF Value Prob Chi -Square 1 0.2699 0.6034 Likelihood Ratio Chi -Square 1 0.2687 0.6042 Continuity Adj. Chi - Square 1 0.1517 0.6969 Mantel - Haenszel Chi -Square 1 0.2691 0.6039 Phi Coefficient 0.0277 Contingency Coefficient 0.0276 Cramer's V 0.0277

Fisher's Exact Test Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 165 Left-sided Pr <= F 0.7428 Right-sided Pr >= F 0.3471
Table Probability (P) 0.0899 Two-sided Pr <= P 0.6056
Sample Size = 353

### 10 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Hispanic/Latino ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable hisp Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of

Scores Expected Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 79 13430.50 13904.0 372.575469 170.006329 main 272 48345.50 47872.0 372.575469 177.740809

Average scores were used for ties. Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test Statistic 13430.5000
Normal Approximation Z
- 1.2695 One -Sided Pr < Z 0.1021 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.2042
t Approximation One -Sided Pr < Z 0.1025 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.2051 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal -Wallis Test Chi -Square 1.6151 DF 1 Pr > Chi- Square 0.2038

### 11

### 12 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Hispanic/Latino ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by hisp

sample hisp

hispanic nothispanic Total main 19

5.41 6.99 67.86 253

72.08 93.01 78.33 272

77.49

nonresponse 9

2.56 11.39 32.14 70

19.94 88.61 21.67 79

22.51

Total 28

7.98 323

92.02 351

100.00

Statistics for Table of sample by hisp Statistic DF Value Prob Chi -Square 1 1.6198 0.2031 Likelihood Ratio Chi -Square 1 1.4991 0.2208 Continuity Adj. Chi - Square 1 1.0750 0.2998 Mantel - Haenszel Chi -Square 1 1.6151 0.2038 Phi Coefficient

- 0.0679 Contingency Coefficient 0.0678 Cramer's V

- 0.0679

Fisher's Exact Test Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 19 Left-sided Pr <= F 0.1500 Right-sided Pr >= F 0.9298
Table Probability (P) 0.0797 Two-sided Pr <= P 0.2370
Sample Size = 351

### 13 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Education ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable education

Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of

Scores Expected Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 79 13663.50 14101.50 788.049809 172.955696 main 277 49882.50 49444.50 788.049809 180.081227

Average scores were used for ties.
Wilcoxon Two -Sample Test Statistic 13663.5000
Normal Approximation Z
- 0.5552 One-Sided Pr < Z 0.2894 Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.5788
t Approximation One -Sided Pr < Z 0.2896 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.5791 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal -Wallis Test Chi -Square 0.3089 DF 1 Pr > Chi-Square 0.5783

### 14

### 15 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Education ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by education

sample education

1 2 3 4 5 6 Total main 13

3.65 4.69 72.22 47

13.20 16.97 78.33 26

7.30 9.39 76.47 61

17.13 22.02 73.49 85

23.88 30.69 84.16 45

12.64 16.25 75.00 277

77.81

nonresponse 5

1.40 6.33 27.78 13

3.65 16.46 21.67 8

2.25 10.13 23.53 22

6.18 27.85 26.51 16

4.49 20.25 15.84 15

4.21 18.99 25.00 79

22.19

Total 18

5.06 60 16.85 34

9.55 83 23.31 101

28.37 60

16.85 356

100.00

Statistics for Table of sample by education Statistic DF Value Prob Chi-Square 5 3.8976 0.5642 Likelihood Ratio Chi -Square 5 4.0266 0.5456 Mantel - Haenszel Chi -Square 1 0.2576 0.6118 Phi Coefficient 0.1046 Contingency Coefficient 0.1041 Cramer's V 0.1046

Sample Size = 356

### 16 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Importance of Aquatic Ecosystems ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable aquatic

Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of

Scores Expected Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 80 13877.50 14240.0 767.114431 173.468750 main 275 49312.50 48950.0 767.114431 179.318182

Average scores were used for ties.
Wilcoxon Two -Sample Test Statistic 13877.5000
Normal Approximation Z
- 0.4719 One-Sided Pr < Z 0.3185 Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.6370
t Approximation One -Sided Pr < Z 0.3186 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.6373 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal -Wallis Test Chi -Square 0.2233 DF 1 Pr > Chi-Square 0.6365

### 17

### 18 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Importance of Aquatic Ecosystems ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by aquatic

sample aquatic

1 2 3 4 5 Total main 10

2.82 3.64 76.92 22

6.20 8.00 78.57 55

15.49 20.00 73.33 73

20.56 26.55 79.35 115

32.39 41.82 78.23 275

77.46

nonresponse 3

0.85 3.75 23.08 6

1.69 7.50 21.43 20

5.63 25.00 26.67 19

5.35 23.75 20.65 32

9.01 40.00 21.77 80

22.54

Total 13

3.66 28

7.89 75 21.13 92

25.92 147

41.41 355

100.00
Statistics for Table of sample by aquatic Statistic DF Value Prob Chi -Square 4 0.9915 0.9111 Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 4 0.9672 0.9147 Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 0.1851 0.6670 Phi Coefficient 0.0528 Contingency Coefficient 0.0528 Cramer's V 0.0528

Sample Size = 355

### 19 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Income less than 60k ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable income_lt60k

Classified by Variable sample Sum of Expected Std Dev Mean sample N Scores Under H0 Under H0 Score

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- nonresponse 72 13257.0 11916.0 619.732750 184.125000 main 258 41358.0 42699.0 619.732750 160.302326 Average scores were used for ties. Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test Statistic 13257.0000 Normal Approximation Z 2.1630 One-Sided Pr > Z 0.0153 Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.0305 t Approximation One-Sided Pr > Z 0.0156 Two-Sided Pr > |Z| 0.0313 Z includes a continuity correction of 0.5.

Kruskal-Wallis Test Chi-Square 4.6822 DF 1 Pr > Chi-Square 0.0305

### 20 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Income less than 60k ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Table of sample by income_lt60k sample income_lt60k Frequency | Percent | Row Pct | Col Pct | 0| 1| Total ------------+--------+--------+ main | 134 | 124 | 258

| 40.61 | 37.58 | 78.18 | 51.94 | 48.06 | | 83.23 | 73.37 | ------------+--------+--------+ nonresponse | 27 | 45 | 72

| 8.18 | 13.64 | 21.82 | 37.50 | 62.50 | | 16.77 | 26.63 | ------------+--------+--------+ Total 161 169 330

48.79 51.21 100.00 Statistics for Table of sample by income_lt60k Statistic DF Value Prob

------------------------------------------------------ Chi-Square 1 4.6964 0.0302 Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 1 4.7418 0.0294 Continuity Adj. Chi-Square 1 4.1363 0.0420 Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 4.6822 0.0305 Phi Coefficient 0.1193 Contingency Coefficient 0.1185 Cramer's V 0.1193
Fisher's Exact Test

---------------------------------- Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 134 Left-sided Pr <= F 0.9896 Right-sided Pr >= F 0.0207 Table Probability (P) 0.0102 Two-sided Pr <= P 0.0333

Sample Size = 330

### 21 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Mann Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon) for Race (minority) ************************************************************************************************** The NPAR1WAY Procedure Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable race_minor

Classified by Variable sample sample N Sum of

Scores Expected Under H0 Std Dev

Under H0 Mean

Score nonresponse 73 12174.50 12373.50 501.654473 166.773973 main 265 45116.50 44917.50 501.654473 170.250943

Average scores were used for ties. Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test Statistic 12174.5000
Normal Approximation Z
- 0.3957 One -Sided Pr < Z 0.3462 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.6923
t Approximation One -Sided Pr < Z 0.3463 Two -Sided Pr > |Z| 0.6926 Z includes a continuity correction

of 0.5.
Kruskal -Wallis Test Chi -Square 0.1574 DF 1 Pr > Chi- Square 0.6916

### 22

### 23 ************************************************************************************************** National Survey Version – Chi-Squared Test of Proportions for Race (minority) ************************************************************************************************** The FREQ Procedure Frequency Percent Row Pct Col Pct Table of sample by race_minor

sample race_minor

minor white Total main 49

14.50 18.49 76.56 216

63.91 81.51 78.83 265

78.40

nonresponse 15

4.44 20.55 23.44 58

17.16 79.45 21.17 73

21.60

Total 64

18.93 274

81.07 338

100.00

Statistics for Table of sample by race_minor Statistic DF Value Prob Chi-Square 1 0.1578 0.6912 Likelihood Ratio Chi -Square 1 0.1555 0.6934 Continuity Adj. Chi - Square 1 0.0523 0.8192 Mantel - Haenszel Chi -Square 1 0.1574 0.6916 Phi Coefficient

- 0.0216 Contingency Coefficient 0.0216 Cramer's V

- 0.0216

Fisher's Exact Test Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 49 Left-sided Pr <= F 0.4024 Right-sided Pr >= F 0.7187
Table Probability (P) 0.1211 Two-sided Pr <= P 0.7362
Sample Size = 338