MICROENTERPRISE 

RESULTS REPORTING 

ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS, FISCAL YEAR 2012

AUGUST 2013
Photo courtesy of DAI 

The cover photo depicts one of the 18,000 farmers that have received agricultural credit from the 

Agricultural Development Fund under USAID’s Agricultural Credit Enhancement (ACE) Program in 

Afghanistan. By the end of 2013, 40,000 farm families will have benefited from access to finance, in an 

effort to transform Afghan agriculture.
CONTENTS

Tables and Figures ............................................................................................................III

Acronyms ........................................................................................................................... V

Introduction.........................................................................................................................1

Reporting Requirements 1 and 2: Overall and Central Funding.................................. ...3

Reporting Requirement 3: Development Credit Authority ...............................................3

Reporting Requirement 4: USAID Funding Recipients.....................................................3

Reporting Requirement 5: Matching Assistance ..............................................................6

Reporting Requirement 6: Funds Benefiting the Very Poor ............................................6

Reporting Requirement 7: Number of Very Poor Reached ..............................................6

Reporting Requirement 8: Poverty Assessment Tools ....................................................7

Reporting Requirement 9: Victims of Trafficking and Exploitation ................................. 7

Reporting Requirement 10: Poverty and Race/Ethnicity .................................................. 7 

Reporting Requirement 11: Performance Monitoring System ......................................... 8 

Reporting Requirement 12: Additional Information..........................................................9

Annex A: MRAA Reporting Requirements ......................................................................10

Annex B: FY 2012 Funding by Bureau, Mission, and Partner ........................................11

Annex C: FY 2012 USAID Credit Guarantees Related to Microfinance ......................... 15 

Annex D: Missions/Central Offices Surveyed in FY 2012...............................................16

MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 iii

TABLES AND FIGURES 

TABLES

Table 1: Recipients of USAID Funding for Microenterprise, FY 2012 ....................................4

Table 2: Reported Sub-obligations by Sub-recipient Partner Institution Type, FY 2012 .........5

Table 3: Performance Goals and Results, FY 2012 ..............................................................8

FIGURE

Figure 1: FY 2012 Reporting Projects by Technical Area and Region ................................. 2

MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 v 

ACRONYMS

DCA Development Credit Authority 

DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo 

FY Fiscal Year 

KDMD Knowledge-Driven Microenterprise Development Project 

MFI Microfinance Institution 

MPEP Office of Microenterprise and Private Enterprise Promotion 

MRAA Microenterprise Results and Accountability Act 

MRR Microenterprise Results Reporting 

NGO Nongovernmental Organization 

PAT Poverty Assessment Tool 

PPP Purchasing Power Parity 

RDM/A Regional Development Mission/Asia 

SME Small and Medium-sized Enterprise 

USAID U.S. Agency for International Development 

USG U.S. Government

MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 1 

INTRODUCTION 

This report fulfills the requirement of the Microenterprise Results and Accountability Act (MRAA) of 

2004 (Public Law 108-484), which directs the Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International 

Development (USAID) to “submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that contains a 

detailed description of the implementation of this title for the previous fiscal year.” Specifically, this report 

summarizes USAID’s investments and reach in microfinance and microenterprise development, addressing 

the 12 reporting requirements included in the MRAA (summarized in table form in Annex A).1

 

The goal of USAID’s microenterprise development efforts is to broaden access to microfinance, markets, 

and resources for the poor in developing countries, providing them with the tools they need to compete in 

an increasingly globalized economy. To do so, USAID engages in a number of technical areas, including 

Rural and Agricultural Value Chain Development, Non-Agricultural Value Chain Development,2

 Small 

and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) Services,3 Economic Strengthening,4 Enabling Environment,5

Microfinance,6 and Mobile Financial Services.7 USAID contributes to these technical areas through its 

support for technical assistance and capacity building (both human and institutional), research, policy 

advocacy, and important financial products like microcredit and savings. Much of USAID’s programming 

is interdisciplinary, often working across multiple technical areas and supporting a wide array of services. 

To reduce the costs associated with producing this report, USAID developed a sampling approach for the 

Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 to account for PL 108-484 requirements.. This sampling approach involved three 

steps: 

Including those country missions and offices that reported microenterprise spending of $5 million or 

more in their FY 2011 reporting. 

Including Feed the Future8 countries and additional priority countries9, regardless of program size. 

Selecting a random sample of those country missions and offices that reported less than $5 million in 

funding for microenterprise development in FY 2011. 

 

1 Microenterprise Results Reporting (MRR) collected FY 2012 data through a survey of 37 USAID missions and offices, with a response rate of 

97 percent. MRR obtained results data through a survey of 138 active projects, and received 118 responses, for a partner response rate of 86 

percent. Findings in this report reflect this data. 

2 Value Chain Development involves interventions along a business and service continuum, often in specific sectors, to improve production 

and efficiency. In Rural and Agricultural Value Chain Development, USAID works with actors in agricultural value chains, including 

smallholder farmers organized into agricultural cooperatives and associations. 

3

 SME Services involve support to SMEs, including business development services and SME finance. 

4

 Economic Strengthening activities work with vulnerable populations to facilitate sustainable pathways out of poverty, promoting a transition 

from meeting basic needs toward economic self-reliance. 

5

 Enabling Environment activities promote appropriate laws, policies, regulations, and supervisory and administrative practices to expand 

access to financial services for low-income people or improve the business environment in which microenterprises operate. 

6

 Microfinance includes provision of financial services adapted to the needs of low-income people, especially small loans, facilities for small 

savings deposits, and simple payment services needed by microentrepreneurs and other poor people. 

7 Mobile Financial Services include provision of financial services using mobile technologies such as branchless banking, e-wallets, 

government payments, and transfers. 

8 Feed the Future is the USG’s food security initiative that has a primary development objective of reducing poverty. See

http://www.feedthefuture.gov. 

9 Priority countries for FY 2012 included: Afghanistan, DR Congo, Pakistan, Lebanon, Colombia, Peru, Iraq, and Sudan. 
2 MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 

This sampling approach resulted in a sample of 37 USAID missions and offices, summarized in Annex D. 

The data presented in this report are based on this sample. 

Through this approach, USAID sought to capture 80 to 90 percent of the Agency’s funding for 

microenterprise development activities. The survey sample accounted for $223 million in USAID funding 

for microenterprise development activities—approximately representing 89 percent of the FY 2012 

enacted level of $251.5 million in funding for microenterprise development. 

Figure 1 presents projects by technical area and by region among the prime implementing partners 

surveyed for this report. Of the 91 projects which reported technical area data, the largest number were 

operating in Sub-Saharan Africa (28 projects total), and about one third of those identified themselves as 

working in Rural and Agricultural Value Chain Development (29 projects total, 14 of which were in SubSaharan Africa). This focus reflects USAID’s strong commitment to the USG’s Feed the Future initiative, 

working predominantly in rural and agricultural value chain development to improve food security and 

income levels among the poor and very poor. Approximately 30 projects fell into one of the three 

“cluster” approaches summarized below. These approaches reflect the fact that much of USAID’s work 

spans multiple technical areas, rather than offering a single approach. 

FIGURE 1: FY 2012 REPORTING PROJECTS BY TECHNICAL AREA AND REGION 101112

 

10 Projects working in Non-Agricultural Value Chain Development, Enabling Environment, and/or Microfinance that benefit the non-agricultural 

SME sectors. 

11 Projects working in Rural and Agricultural Value Chain Development and/or Economic Strengthening, and/or Enabling Environment, and/or 

Microfinance activities that benefit rural sectors. 

12 Projects working in five or more of the following areas: Microfinance, Economic Strengthening, Rural and Agricultural Value Chain 

Development, Non-Agricultural Value Chain Development, SME Development, and Enabling Environment. 

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Number of Projects

Economic Strengthening

Rural and Agricultural Value

Chain Development

Microfinance

Mobile Financial Services

Non-Agricultural Value 

Chain Development and 

SME Cluster 10

Rural Activities Cluster 11

Multiple Activities Cluster 12
MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 3 

REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 1 AND 2: OVERALL AND CENTRAL 

FUNDING 

The survey sample of 37 missions and offices accounted for $223 million in USAID funding for 

microenterprise development activities, or approximately 89 percent of the FY 2012 enacted level of 

$251.5 million for microenterprise and microfinance development. The funds captured through the 

sample were provided through 84 new and existing agreements, including grants, cooperative agreements, 

and contracts, with 59 prime-level implementing partners in 30 countries. Of these funds, $5.9 million 

was obligated through USAID’s Office of Microenterprise and Private Enterprise Promotion (MPEP). 

MPEP is the only USAID/Washington central office that was included in the FY 2012 Microenterprise 

Results Reporting (MRR) sample. Annex B provides information on FY 2012 funding by surveyed 

country and partner. 

REPORTING REQUIREMENT 3: DEVELOPMENT CREDIT AUTHORITY

Since 1999, USAID’s Office of Development Credit has enabled USAID missions to expand the capital 

base for microfinance by providing partial loan guarantees rather than grants. These guarantees encourage 

mainstream financial institutions, such as commercial banks, to lend to Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) 

by mitigating a portion of the real or perceived risk of lending to MFIs. In turn, those loans allow the 

MFIs to expand their portfolios. Other guarantees have encouraged commercial banks or MFIs to lend to 

microenterprises in the agricultural sector. 

USAID’s active microfinance credit guarantees leverage up to $563 million in private sector credit to 

MFIs and microenterprises globally. (USAID obtains DCA reporting data directly through 

USAID/Washington, encompassing all guarantees, not limited to the 37 missions/offices in the overall FY 

2012 sample.) Microfinance credit guarantees issued through 2011 leveraged up to $528 million in 

private sector credit to MFIs and microenterprises. In 2012, six new guarantees were issued, which, if 

fully utilized, could leverage an additional $35 million in private sector credit. Active guarantees by the 

DCA are summarized in Annex C. 

REPORTING REQUIREMENT 4: USAID FUNDING RECIPIENTS 

In an effort to provide support to microenterprise development initiative globally, USAID uses a variety 

of assistance mechanisms and implementing partners. The MRAA requires USAID to report on the 

funding provided through these mechanisms, both directly to its partners and through sub-awards to 

recipients. 

Table 1 summarizes USAID microenterprise funding by partner type in FY 2012. Of the $223 million in 

FY 2012 obligations for microenterprise development represented in the sample, 44 percent ($98 million) 

was obligated to implementing partners through contracts. The remaining 56 percent was obligated 

through noncontract mechanisms (cooperative agreements and grants). 

Furthermore, nonprofit partners were the direct recipients of 48 percent ($108.2 million) of total 

obligated funding in the sample. Together, funds to nonprofit partners and other entities (government 

agencies, research and educational organizations, and business associations) represent 53 percent of all 

obligated microenterprise funding in the FY 2012 sample. 
4 MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 

Also, in FY 2012, consulting firms were the direct recipients of 43 percent ($96.9 million) of total 

obligated microenterprise funding in the sample; other for-profits (banks, non-bank financial institutions, 

finance companies, and other for-profit institutions) received 4 percent (or $8.1 million). Together, forprofit entities received 47 percent of FY 2012 obligated funding for microenterprise development. 

TABLE 1: RECIPIENTS OF USAID FUNDING FOR MICROENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, 

FY 2012 

Partner Type Total Funding

(U.S. $ millions)

Percentage of Total 

Allocated Funding

Funding through 

Contracts (U.S. $ millions)

Consulting firms $96.90 43% $76.20

Other for-profits $8.10 4% $7.70

Consulting firms and other forprofits $104.90 47% $84.00

Nonprofits $108.20 48% $13.90

Other entities $10.30 5% $0.20

Nonprofits and other entities $118.50 53% $14.10

TOTAL $223.40 100% $98.00

(Note: this total is for the selected countries in this year’s survey) 

SUB-OBLIGATIONS 

Funding for sub-recipients can be an important indication of USAID’s ability to involve smaller and local 

partners in USAID’s microenterprise development efforts, as advocated by USAID Forward13 guidance. 

Table 2 summarizes reported sub-obligations by recipient partner institution among the FY 2012 MRR 

sample. Of the $67 million sub-obligated to 358 institutions, $23 million was sub-awarded in the form of 

grants under contract. Through this mechanism, for-profit contractors extend grants to other entities, often 

local, in-country partners. 

It should be noted that the sub-recipient funding reported by USAID’s partners did not originate entirely 

from FY 2012 USAID obligations, because funds are disbursed and expended by partners on a timeline 

that often differs from USAID’s fiscal year obligations. Therefore, some of these funds may have come 

from previous fiscal year obligations. 

 

13 USAID Forward is an effort to strengthen the Agency’s impact by embracing new partnerships, investing in the catalytic role of innovation and 

demanding a relentless focus on results. http://www.usaid.gov/usaidforward 
MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 5 

TABLE 2: REPORTED SUB-OBLIGATIONS BY SUB-RECIPIENT PARTNER INSTITUTION 

TYPE, FY 2012 

Sub-recipient Institution Type

Amounts Sub-obligated via 

Sub-grants, Subcontracts 

and Other Sub-mechanisms

Amounts of Grants 

under Contract

Percentage of 

Grants under 

Contract

Bank (n=3) $564,663 $180,505 0.8%

Business Association (n=12) $1,648,058 $1,364,364 5.8%

Chamber of Commerce (n=9) $66,845 $23,383 0.1%

Consulting Firm (n=21) $2,073,417

Cooperative (n=26) $2,717,755 $2,442,135 10.4%

Credit Union (n=35) $4,347,847 $4,347,847 18.5%

Finance Company (n=5) $664,676

For-Profit (n=59) $5,558,944 $3,124,696 13.3%

Government Agency (n=3) $3,250,012

NGO (n=90) $30,475,867 $6,763,325 28.8%

Non-Bank Financial Institution 

(n=9)

$1,347,650 $750,000 3.2%

Other (n=39) $4,030,203 $887,770 3.8%

Private Bank (n=2) $418,525 $418,525 1.8%

PVO (n=34) $9,480,514 $2,606,001 11.1%

Research/Educational (n=11) $749,122 $564,490 2.4%

TOTAL $67,394,098 $23,473,042 100%

(Note: “n” is the number of institutions.) 

COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY 

The MRAA calls for an analysis of the comparative cost-effectiveness and sustainability of projects 

carried out under various funding mechanisms (specifically contracts, grants, and cooperative 

agreements). For this report, USAID analyzed cost-effectiveness on the basis of the cost per reported 

beneficiary for each project within the sample.14 This comparison found no consistent differences in the 

cost-effectiveness of different implementing mechanisms. 

Additional analysis of cost per microenterprise beneficiary, analyzing the results by Technical Area15 and 

Service Type16 to investigate possible differences in cost per beneficiary,17 is presented in detail in the 

MRR Methodology and Statistical Annexes, FY 2012, which can be accessed at 

http://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/economic-growth-and-trade/microenterprise-development. 

 

14 This cost-effectiveness analysis is based on funds reported to MRR by USAID missions, which include project-obligated funds to support 

microenterprise-related activities in the given fiscal year. The beneficiary-level data are based on FY 2012 microenterprise-related results 

reported to MRR by USAID’s implementing partners identified by USAID missions in their funding reporting. USAID conducted this analysis 

in FY 2011 and FY 2012. 

15 Technical Areas: Economic Strengthening, Rural and Agricultural Value Chain Development, Microfinance, Mobile Financial Services, NonAgricultural Value Chain Development and SME Cluster, Rural Activities Cluster, Multiple Activities Cluster, and Other. 

16 Service Types: Lending, Savings, Technical Assistance/Capacity Building/Training/In-Kind Support, and Studies/Advocacy. 

17 It should be noted that the data collected on microenterprise funding by technical activity type or activity cluster are estimated. Project budgets 

are generally not structured by these categories. Therefore these data should be taken as illustrative. 
6 MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 

Another measure of the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of USAID’s microenterprise development 

efforts is the financial sustainability of partner institutions that implement microfinance programs. Of the 

50 USAID-supported MFIs that reported sustainability measures for FY 2012, 88 percent were 

operationally self-sustaining,18 while 76 percent had attained the more demanding goal of full financial 

sustainability. Operational and financial sustainability results did not vary in any significant way across 

implementing mechanism types (contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements). In fact, financial 

sustainability results were the same for cooperative agreements, grants, and contracts. 

REPORTING REQUIREMENT 5: MATCHING ASSISTANCE 

This indicator measures the extent to which USAID has partnered with other entities in leveraging 

resources for microenterprise development. Within the FY 2012 sample of 37 missions and offices, 

$25 million of USAID microenterprise funds were matched by an additional $9 million from other 

sources such as private donations, multilateral funding, commercial and concessional borrowing, savings, 

and program income. 

REPORTING REQUIREMENT 6: FUNDS BENEFITING THE VERY POOR 

The MRAA mandates that half of all USAID microenterprise funds benefit the very poor. For purposes of 

the MRR, the very poor are defined as the poorest 50 percent of the population living below the poverty 

line established by their country’s national government, or those living on the equivalent of $1.25 per day 

or less (as calculated using the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) exchange rate method). 

USAID employs poverty measurement tools to estimate the percentage of funds benefiting very poor 

clients. USAID estimates that 56 percent19 of the reported funds for microenterprise development 

benefited the very poor in FY 2012 in the surveyed countries. 

REPORTING REQUIREMENT 7: NUMBER OF VERY POOR REACHED 

The MRAA requires USAID to report the number of very poor clients who benefit from USAID 

microenterprise programs. The estimated total number of beneficiaries of USAID microenterprise 

development activities reported in the sample in FY 2012 was 2.3 million (including savers, borrowers, 

and microenterprise owners and employees). By multiplying the 56 percent share of funds found to be 

benefiting the very poor by the total number of beneficiaries, USAID estimates that approximately 

1.3 million20 very poor people benefited from USAID funding for microenterprise development in 

FY 2012. 

 

18 Operational sustainability measures the degree to which an institution generates sufficient revenue from operations to cover all of its 

operating costs, including loan losses and the costs of capital. Financial sustainability measures the degree to which an institution’s revenues 

from operations cover all of its operating costs, including loan losses and the costs of capital—calculated at market rates, adjusted for the 

effects of inflation and subsidies. 

19 N.B.: This estimate is based on an approximate 5% sample of reporting entities. At this low percentage of reporting, aggregate estimates of 

poverty data may be too limited to be meaningful. 

20 N.B.: This estimate is derived from data provided by an approximate 5 % sample of reporting entities. At this low percentage, aggregate 

estimates of poverty data may be too limited to be meaningful. 
MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 7 

REPORTING REQUIREMENT 8: POVERTY ASSESSMENT TOOLS 

The MRAA instructs USAID to develop and certify “low-cost methods” for assessing the poverty status 

of microenterprise beneficiaries, and to require its microenterprise implementing partners to use those 

methods to measure and report the share of their beneficiaries who are very poor. In response to this 

provision, and as of FY 2012, there are two approved poverty measurement tools, the Poverty Assessment 

Tool (PAT) and the Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI) developed by the Grameen Foundation. Using a 

poverty measurement tool, an implementing partner can gain an accurate estimate of the share of its 

beneficiaries who are very poor. Reports from these partners provided the basis for the estimates of Funds 

Benefiting the Very Poor and Number of Very Poor Clients Reached under Reporting Requirements 6 

and 7.21

 

USAID has, since 2007, developed and certified Poverty Assessment Tools (PATs) for 37 countries.22

There are PPI poverty measurement tools for 48 countries that are home to 90 percent of the people in the 

world who fall under $1.25/day 2005 PPP.

In FY 2012, USAID did not develop any new PATs, but continued to support their proper application by 

the organizations that use them. 

REPORTING REQUIREMENT 9: VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING AND 

EXPLOITATION 

The MRAA requires USAID to report on efforts to ensure that recipients of USAID microenterprise and 

microfinance development assistance work to identify and assist victims of potential or severe forms of 

trafficking in persons, and women who are victims of or susceptible to other forms of exploitation and 

violence. In the FY 2012 sample, a total of $9.4 million was reported as obligated to projects targeting 

such beneficiaries, with $5.1 million reported in sub-Saharan Africa (to projects in Democratic Republic 

of the Congo (DRC), Kenya, Liberia, and Zimbabwe), $4 million reported in the Middle East (to projects 

in Iraq), and $0.2 million reported in Latin America and Caribbean (to projects in Colombia). 

REPORTING REQUIREMENT 10: POVERTY AND RACE/ETHNICITY 

The MRAA requires that USAID report “[a]n estimate of the percentage of beneficiaries of assistance 

under this title in countries where a strong relationship between poverty and race or ethnicity has been 

demonstrated.” Based on the FY 2012 sample, an estimated nine percent of the beneficiaries of USAID 

microenterprise development activities lived in countries where the USAID mission cited a relationship 

between race or ethnicity and poverty. 

 

21 In 2013, USAID will further test the option of using the Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI), http://www.progressoutofpoverty.org/ 

22 Albania, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guatemala, 

Haiti, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mexico, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Paraguay, Peru, 

the Philippines, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Uganda, Vietnam, and West Bank. 
8 MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 

REPORTING REQUIREMENT 11: PERFORMANCE MONITORING 

SYSTEM 

Table 3 presents microenterprise goals and results for the FY 2012 sample. In FY 2012, USAID met 

many of its performance goals for the selected countries related to microfinance, including numbers of 

borrowers and savers; the percent of borrowers and savers who are women; total number of microfinance 

clients; MFI financial sustainability; and total number of beneficiaries. USAID did not meet its FY 2012 

goals for the overall number of microenterprise clients benefiting from nonfinancial services (though 

USAID did meet its goal for the percent of microenterprise clients accessing nonfinancial services who 

are located in rural areas). For this year, based upon responses from projects in the sample, USAID also 

did not meet its goal for the percent of microenterprise clients accessing financial services who live in 

rural areas (shown in Table 3 as the “% rural” sub-categories of borrowers and savers). USAID will 

continue to strive to reach rural microenterprises and their clients, improving their access to both 

microfinance and to nonfinancial services such as technical assistance and business services.

TABLE 3: PERFORMANCE GOALS AND RESULTS, FY 2012 

Performance Goals and Results FY 12 Results23 FY 12 Goals**

Number of microenterprise clients who are borrowers (n=37) 1,643,458 1,250,000

% Women 64% 60%

% Rural 20% 40%

Number of microenterprise clients who are savers (n=12) 1,858,017 1,750,000

% Women 69% 60%

% Rural 29% 40%

Total number of microfinance clients* 2,287,348 1,750,000

Number of microenterprise clients accessing other services (n=59) 302,365 400,000

% owned and operated by women 30% 40%

% located in rural areas 80% 75%

Number of employees of microenterprise clients (excluding microenterprise 

owners who are accounted for under "number of microenterprise clients 

accessing other services" above) (n=59)

247,686 500,000

Total number of beneficiaries from sample (n=37) 2,837,399 2,650,000

% of MFI partners who have achieved financial sustainability (n=27) 76% 50%

% of funds benefitting the very poor 56% 50%

(Note: “n” is the number of survey countries from which a response was received) 

*To avoid double-counting borrowers and savers, this number is based on the larger of the two from each project that 

reported numbers of both borrowers and savers. 

**Goals are based on programmatic information from the 37 missions included in the FY 2012 reporting cycle. 

 

23 One partner organization provided the requested estimate of the percentage of its clients living in rural areas, but did not provide separate 

estimates of rural savers and borrowers. Table 3 assumes that the rural shares of this organization's savers and borrowers equal the rural share of 

its overall clients.
MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 9 

REPORTING REQUIREMENT 12: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

In FY 2012, USAID continued support for a central office, the Office of Microenterprise and Private 

Enterprise Promotion (MPEP), to coordinate Agency microenterprise activities. MPEP provides technical 

leadership and support to overseas missions implementing microenterprise development programs, and 

plays a key role in achieving economic opportunity of microenterprises through growth in private 

enterprise promotion. 

MPEP supports central programs that contribute to microenterprise development, particularly to pilot-test 

cutting-edge approaches and cross-sector linkages. The Knowledge-Driven Microenterprise Development 

(KDMD) project manages the Microlinks website (http://www.microlinks.org) that connects practitioners 

with each other and sources the latest learning in microenterprise development. KDMD also conducts 

training, blended learning, and knowledge-sharing activities for USAID’s Bureau for Economic Growth, 

Education and the Environment and for the Bureau for Food Security, as well as other missions and 

Bureaus. 

An additional central function involves PAT development and implementation support, as well as 

management of the MRR project and system. The MRR project conducts the annual data collection of 

USAID’s Agency-wide microenterprise funding and results, and prepares the Microenterprise Results 

Reporting Annual Report to Congress, as required by the MRAA (Public Law 108-484). 
10 MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 

ANNEX A: MRAA REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

1 Funding: The number of grants, cooperative agreements, contracts, contributions, or other forms of assistance 

provided under section 252 (the section of the law authorizing USAID to provide microenterprise assistance), with a 

listing of:

A) The amount of each grant, cooperative agreement, contract, contribution, or other form of assistance.

B) The name of each recipient and each developing country with respect to which projects or activities under the grant, 

cooperative agreement, contract, contribution, or other form of assistance were carried out.

C) A listing of the number of countries receiving assistance authorized by section 252.

2 Central Mechanisms: The amount of assistance provided under section 252 through central mechanisms.

3 DCA: The name of each country that receives assistance under section 256 (the section of the law pertaining to the 

DCA and credit instruments) and the amount of such assistance.

4 USAID Funding Recipients: The level of funding provided through contracts; the level of funding provided through 

grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements that is estimated to be subgranted or subcontracted, as the case may 

be, to direct service providers; and an analysis of the comparative cost-effectiveness and sustainability of projects 

carried out under these mechanisms.

5 Matching Assistance: It is the sense of Congress that USAID should include in the report required by section 258 of 

the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (as added by section 6 of this Act) a description of all matching assistance (as 

described in paragraph 1) provided for the prior year by recipients of microenterprise development assistance under 

such title.

6 Funds for Very Poor Clients: The percentage of assistance furnished under section 252 that was allocated to the very 

poor, based on the data collected using the certified methods required by section 254 (the section of the law outlining 

the requirement for USAID to develop client poverty assessment methods and require their use by awardees by 

October 2006).

7 Estimated Number of the Very Poor: This number is reached with assistance provided under section 252.

8 Poverty Assessment Methods: The process of developing and applying poverty assessment procedures required 

under section 254.

9 Funds to Assist Victims of Trafficking and Exploitation: Information on the efforts of the Agency to ensure that 

recipients of U.S. microenterprise and microfinance development assistance work closely with NGOs and foreign 

governments to identify and assist victims or potential victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons, and women who 

are victims of or susceptible to other forms of exploitation and violence.

10 Poverty and Race/Ethnicity: An estimate of the percentage of beneficiaries of assistance under this title in countries 

where a strong relationship between poverty and race or ethnicity has been demonstrated.

11 Performance Monitoring System: The results of the monitoring system required under section 253 (see A–D below).

A) The monitoring system shall include performance goals for the assistance, and expresses such goals in an objective 

and quantifiable form, to the extent feasible.

B) The monitoring system shall include performance indicators to be used in measuring or assessing achievement of 

the performance goals described in paragraph 1, and the objective of the assistance authorized under section 252.

C) The monitoring system provides a basis for recommendations for adjustments to the assistance to enhance the 

sustainability and the impact of the assistance, particularly the impact of such assistance on the very poor, particularly 

poor women.

D) The monitoring system adopts the widespread use of proven and effective poverty assessment tools to successfully 

identify the very poor and ensure that they receive adequate access to microenterprise loans, savings, and assistance.

12 Additional Information: Any additional information relating to the provision of assistance authorized by this title, 

including the use of poverty assessment methods required by section 254, or additional information on assistance 

provided by the United States to support microenterprise development under this title or any other provision of law.
MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 11

ANNEX B: FY 2012 FUNDING BY BUREAU, MISSION, AND PARTNER

(FOR COUNTRIES IN SAMPLE)

Mission or Office Implementing Partner Total

ASIA BUREAU

Afghanistan Chemonics $6,000,000 

DAI $29,482,743 

UN HABITAT $1,960,000 

World Council of Credit Unions $7,581,685 

Afghanistan Total $45,024,428 

Cambodia DAI $2,650,000 

Fintrac $1,000,000 

Cambodia Total $3,650,000 

East Timor (TimorLeste)

DAI $1,064,829 

National Cooperative Business Association $1,800,000 

East Timor Total $2,864,829 

Kyrgyzstan Chemonics $3,050,000 

Kyrgyzstan Total $3,050,000 

Pakistan Aga Khan Foundation $1,928,595 

Agribusiness Support Fund $10,300,000 

Dairy Rural Development Foundation $4,426,744 

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations $1,500,000 

Mennonite Economic Development Associates $6,606,212 

Pakistan Total $24,761,551 

Regional 

Development 

Mission/Asia 

(RDM/A)

The Bridge Fund $200,000 

Winrock International $200,000 

RDM/A Total $400,000 

Sri Lanka Microenterprise Support $105,000 

Sri Lanka Total $105,000 

TOTAL ASIA BUREAU $79,855,808 

EUROPE & EURASIA BUREAU

Kosovo Tetra Tech ARD $200,000 

Kosovo Total $200,000 

Macedonia CARANA Corp. $500,000 

Macedonia Total $500,000 

Moldova Chemonics $510,000 

DAI $1,490,000 

Moldova Total $2,000,000 
12 MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 

Mission or Office Implementing Partner Total

TOTAL EUROPE & EURASIA BUREAU $2,700,000 

LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN BUREAU

Colombia ARD $1,087,416 

Chemonics $355,695 

Cooperative Housing Foundation $892,955 

Fondo Patrimonio Natural $886,194 

International Organization for Migrations $2,678,837 

Pan American Development Foundation $1,877,073 

Colombia Total $7,778,170 

Guyana Carana Corporation $299,000 

Guyana Total $299,000 

Haiti Chemonics $14,474,000 

FHI Development 360 $6,174,000 

Technoserve $650,000 

Haiti Total $21,298,000 

Jamaica Agency for Inner City Renewal $250,000 

Jamaica National Building Society Foundation $776,992 

Jamaica Total $1,026,992 

Nicaragua Carana Corporation $250,000 

Nicaragua Total $250,000 

Peru Chemonics $394,087 

Peru Total $394,087 

TOTAL LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN BUREAU $31,046,249 

MIDDLE EAST BUREAU

Iraq The Louis Berger Group $4,029,650 

Iraq Total $4,029,650 

Lebanon CARITAS Liban $83,333 

Hariri Foundation for Sustainable Human Development $83,333 

René Moawad Foundation $83,334 

Volunteers for Economic Growth Alliance $2,000,000 

Lebanon Total $2,250,000 

TOTAL MIDDLE EAST BUREAU $6,279,650 

AFRICA BUREAU

DRC ADRA $12,535,500 

DAI $5,000,000 

FH $13,273,700 

Interchurch Medical Assistance $63,000 

International Rescue Committee $13,900 

Mercy Corp $11,205,100 

DRC Total $42,091,200 

Ethiopia ACDI/VOCA $78,392 

CARE/Ethiopia $1,137,500 

CNFA $2,000,000 
MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 13

Mission or Office Implementing Partner Total

Ethiopia Total $3,215,892 

Kenya DAI $2,395,041 

One Acre Fund $2,500,000 

Kenya Total $4,895,041 

Liberia

Agricultural Cooperative Development International and Volunteers in 

Overseas Cooperative Assistance $45,591 

DAI $2,599,011 

Opportunities for Industrialization International $73,950 

Tetra Tech ARD $500,000 

Winrock International $78,900 

Liberia Total $3,297,452 

Malawi DAI $13,500,000 

Malawi Total $13,500,000 

Rwanda CHF International $2,500,000 

DAI $300,000 

Land O'Lakes $4,216,748 

Texas Agrilife Research (Texas A&M) $604,500 

USAID $1,000,000 

Rwanda Total $8,621,248 

South Sudan Abt Associates $3,000,000 

International Fertilizers Development Center $4,000,000 

South Sudan Total $7,000,000 

Tanzania Abt Associates $1,400,000 

ACDI/VOCA $2,375,000 

Booz Allen Hamilton $1,760,000 

Tanzania Total $5,535,000 

Zambia ACDI/VOCA $1,000,000 

Agribusiness in Sustainable Natural African Plant Products $500,000 

Community Markets for Conservation Limited $500,000 

Zambia Total $2,000,000 

Zimbabwe Citizens Network for Foreign Affairs $618,237 

DAI $823,142 

Fintrac $4,489,374 

Hilfswerk Austria International $48,634 

Land O Lakes $843,312 

Technoserve $730,777 

Zimbabwe Total $7,553,477 

TOTAL SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA BUREAU $97,709,309 

CENTRAL FUNDING

MPEP

African Development Bank $200,000 

Aga Khan Foundation $100,000 

CGAP Consultative Group to Assist the Poor $200,000 

DAI $500,000 
14 MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 

Mission or Office Implementing Partner Total

FHI 360 $466,000 

Grameen Foundation $899,990 

Habitat for Humanity International $100,000 

Microenterprise Support (various) $1,656,105 

Opportunity International $100,000 

The QED Group $1,650,000 

MPEP Total $5,872,095 

TOTAL CENTRAL FUNDING $5,872,095

Total Sample Reported FY12 Funding for Microenterprise Development $223,463,111.59 
MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 15

ANNEX C: FY 2012 USAID CREDIT GUARANTEES RELATED TO 

MICROFINANCE 

Country Guarantee Subsidy Maximum Lending Guaranteed FY Initiated

Worldwide $75,000 $10,000,000 2003

Indonesia $1,208,680 $16,400,000 2005

Honduras $115,200 $2,000,000 2005

Worldwide $65,300 $80,600,000 2006

Georgia $77,100 $1,500,000 2007

Kenya $0 $10,000,000 2008

Worldwide $1,399,636 $33,305,050 2008

Colombia $92,800 $8,000,000 2008

Haiti $308,388 $2,000,000 2008

Worldwide $399,307 $162,500,000 2009

Georgia $32,200 $1,000,000 2009

Macedonia $83,500 $5,000,000 2009

Egypt $288,000 $10,000,000 2009

Worldwide $5,880,000 $100,000,000 2010

Indonesia $914,600 $21,000,000 2010

Colombia $207,200 $25,900,000 2010

Tanzania $858,000 $10,000,000 2010

Sri Lanka $106,000 $5,000,000 2010

Mozambique $81,200 $81,200 2010

Worldwide $4,915 $1,000,000 2011

Worldwide $9,829 $2,000,000 2011

Georgia $161,484 $2,067,660 2011

Moldova $349,860 $4,200,000 2011

West Bank/Gaza $335,049 $2,092,748 2011

Indonesia $44,390 $1,150,000 2011

Indonesia $176,877 $2,957,809 2011

Senegal $135,200 $2,000,000 2011

Senegal $423,696 $5,820,000 2011

Rwanda $42,150 $500,000 2011

Indonesia $1,347,500 $17,500,000 2012

Kenya $370,500 $7,500,000 2012

Kenya $312,000 $6,500,000 2012

Ghana $185,353 $1,887,500 2012

Angola $241,400 $1,500,000 2012

South Sudan $36,475 $137,500 2012

TOTAL $16,368,789 $563,099,467
16 MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 

ANNEX D: MISSIONS/CENTRAL OFFICES SURVEYED IN FY 2012

Mission or Central Office Surveyed in FY2012

1 Afghanistan 

2 Bolivia 

3 Cambodia 

4 Colombia 

5 DR Congo 

6 East Timor 

7 Ethiopia 

8 Georgia 

9 Guatemala 

10 Guyana 

11 Haiti 

12 Iraq 

13 Jamaica 

14 Kenya 

15 Kosovo 

16 Kyrgyzstan 

17 Lebanon 

18 Liberia 

19 Macedonia 

20 Malawi 

21 Mali *

22 Moldova 

23 Nepal 

24 Nicaragua 

25 Office of Microenterprise & Private Enterprise Promotion (MPEP)

26 Pakistan 

27 Peru 

28 Philippines 

29 Regional Development Mission for Asia (RDM/A) 

30 Rwanda 

31 South Sudan

32 Sri Lanka 

33 Sudan 

34 Tanzania 

35 USAID/East Africa 

36 Zambia 

37 Zimbabwe 

*USAID/Mali was exempt from the requirement to report on FY 2012 funding, given the political situation in country 

and the Operational Plan being on hold, but MRR was able to capture results information from those projects/partners 

that remained active during the period. 
MICROENTERPRISE RESULTS REPORTING – FISCAL YEAR 2012 17

U.S. Agency for International Development

1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, DC 20523 

Tel: (202) 712-0000 

Fax: (202) 216-3524 

www.usaid.gov